UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
 
 
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended:December 31, 20202023
 
OR
 
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period fromto 
Commission File Number:001-06064 
 ALEXANDERS INC 
 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 
 
 
Delaware51-0100517
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (IRS Employer Identification No.)
210 Route 4 East,Paramus,New Jersey07652
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
    
 
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code(201)587-8541
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each classTrading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1 par value per shareALX New York Stock Exchange
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes ☐ No   
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15 (d) of the Act.
Yes ☐ No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes No ☐   




Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  
Yes ☐  No 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a
smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 
Large Accelerated Filer ☑Accelerated Filer
Non-Accelerated FilerSmaller Reporting Company
Emerging Growth Company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  
Yes No ☐  

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes  No
 
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting shares of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, (i.e., by persons other than officers and directors of Alexander’s, Inc.) was $511,231,000$390,771,000 at June 30, 2020.2023.
 
 
As of January 31, 2021,2024, there were 5,107,290 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.  
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Part III: Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held onon May 20, 2021.23, 2024.




INDEX
 ItemFinancial Information:Page Number
Part I.1.Business
 1A.Risk Factors  
 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments  
 2.Properties  
 3.Legal Proceedings  
 4.Mine Safety Disclosures  
Part II.5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
6.Selected Financial Data
 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
 9.Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
 9A.Controls and Procedures
 9B.Other Information
Part III.10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance(1)
 11.
Executive Compensation(1)
 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters(1)
  
 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence(1)
 14.
Principal Accounting Fees and Services(1)
Part IV.15.Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules  
16.Form 10-K Summary
Signatures  
INDEX
 ItemPage Number
PART I.1.Business
 1A.Risk Factors  
 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments  
1C.Cybersecurity21
 2.Properties  
 3.Legal Proceedings  
 4.Mine Safety Disclosures  
PART II.5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
6.Reserved
 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk34
 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
 9.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
 9A.Controls and Procedures
 9B.Other Information58
9C.Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions That Prevent Inspections58
PART III.10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance(1)
 11.
Executive Compensation(1)
 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters(1)  
 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence(1)
 14.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services(1)
PART IV.15.Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules  
16.Form 10-K Summary
Signatures  
 
__________________________
(1)  These items are omitted in part or in whole because the registrant will file a definitive Proxy Statement pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after December 31, 2020,2023, portions of which are incorporated by reference herein. 
3


FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
Certain statements contained herein constitute forward-looking statements as such term is defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. They represent our intentions, plans, expectations and beliefs and are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties. Our future results, financial condition and business may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. You can find many of these statements by looking for words such as “approximates,” “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,” “plans,” “would,” “may” or other similar expressions in this Annual Report on Form 10‑K. We also note the following forward-looking statements: in the case of our development projects, the estimated completion date, estimated project costs and costs to complete; and estimates of dividends on shares of our common stock. Many of the factors that will determine the outcome of these and our other forward-looking statements are beyond our ability to control or predict. For a further discussion of factors that could materially affect the outcome of our forward-looking statements, see “Item 1A -1A. Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10‑K. 
Currently, one of the most significant factors is the ongoing adverse effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, operating performance and the effect it has had and may continue to have on our tenants, the global, national, regional and local economies and financial markets and the real estate market in general. The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will depend on future developments, including the duration of the pandemic, which are highly uncertain at this time, but that impact could be material. Moreover, you are cautioned that the COVID-19 pandemic will heighten many of the risks identified in “Item 1A. – Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

For these statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or the date of any document incorporated by reference.  All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to our forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
4


PART I

ITEM 1.     BUSINESS
General
Alexander’s, Inc. (NYSE: ALX) is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), incorporated in Delaware, engaged in leasing, managing, developing and redeveloping its properties. All references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company” and “Alexander’s” refer to Alexander’s, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. We are managed by, and our properties are leased and developed by, Vornado Realty Trust (“Vornado”) (NYSE: VNO).
 
We have sevenfive properties in the greater New York City metropolitan area consisting of:
Operating properties
731 Lexington Avenue, a 1,323,0001,079,000 square foot multi-use building, comprising the entire block bounded by Lexington Avenue, East 59th Street, Third Avenue and East 58th Street in Manhattan. The building contains 920,000939,000 and 155,000140,000 of net rentable square feet of office and retail space, respectively, which we own, and 248,000 square feet of residential space consisting of 105 condominium units, which we sold.respectively. Bloomberg L.P. (“Bloomberg”) occupies all of the office space. The Home Depot (83,000 square feet) is the principal retail tenant;
Rego Park I, a 338,000 square foot shopping center, is located on Queens Boulevard and 63rd Road in Queens. The center is anchored by a 112,000 square foot IKEA, a 50,000 square foot Burlington a 46,000 square foot Bed Bath & Beyond and a 36,000 square foot Marshalls;Marshalls.

On December 3, 2022, IKEA closed its 112,000 square foot store at our Rego Park I property under a lease that was set to expire in December 2030. The lease included a right to terminate effective no earlier than March 16, 2026, subject to payment of rent through the termination date and an additional termination payment equal to the lesser of $10,000,000 or the amount of rent due under the remaining term. On September 27, 2023, we entered into a lease modification agreement with IKEA which accelerates its lease termination date to April 1, 2024. Under the lease modification agreement, IKEA will pay its remaining rent due through March 16, 2026 and the $10,000,000 termination payment over the modified lease term;
Rego Park II, a 609,000616,000 square foot shopping center, is located adjacent to the Rego Park I shopping center in Queens. The center is anchored by a 145,000 square foot Costco and a 133,000 square foot Kohl’s, which has been subleased.subleased;
On September 10, 2020, Century 21 ($6,400,000 of annual revenue) filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and closed its 135,000Flushing, a 167,000 square foot storebuilding, located on December 7, 2020;

Roosevelt Avenue and Main Street in Queens, that is subleased to New World Mall LLC. The property is ground leased through January 2027 with one 10-year extension option; and
The Alexander apartment tower, located above our Rego Park II shopping center, contains 312 units aggregating 255,000 square feet;feet.
Disposition
Paramus, located atOn May 19, 2023, we sold the intersection of Routes 4 and 17 in Paramus, New Jersey, consists of 30.3 acres of land that is ground leased to IKEA; and

Flushing, a 167,000 square foot building, located on Roosevelt Avenue and Main Street in Queens, that is sub-leased to New World Mall LLC for the remainder of our ground lease term.
Property to be developed
Rego Park III a 140,000 square foot land parcel adjacent to the Rego Park II shopping center in Queens, atNew York, for $71,060,000 inclusive of consideration for Brownfield tax benefits and reimbursement of costs for plans, specifications and improvements to date. Net proceeds from the intersection of Junction Boulevardsale were $67,821,000 after closing costs and the Horace Harding Service Road.financial statement gain was $53,952,000.

Relationship with Vornado
We are managed by, and our properties are leased and developed by, Vornado, pursuant to various agreements which expire in March of each year and are automatically renewable. Vornado is a fully-integrated REIT with significant experience in managing, leasing, developing, and operating office and retail properties.

As of December 31, 2020,2023, Vornado owned 32.4% of our outstanding common stock. Steven Roth is the Chairman of our Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer, the Managing General Partner of Interstate Properties (“Interstate”), a New Jersey general partnership, and the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Chief Executive Officer of Vornado. As of December 31, 2020,2023, Mr. Roth, Interstate and its other two general partners, David Mandelbaum and Russell B. Wight, Jr. (who are also directors of the Company and trustees of Vornado) owned, in the aggregate, 26.1%26.0% of our outstanding common stock, in addition to the 2.3% they indirectly own through Vornado. Matthew Iocco, our Chief Financial Officer, is the Executive Vice President - Chief Accounting Officer of Vornado. 


5


Significant Tenant
Bloomberg accounted for revenue of $109,066,000, $109,113,000of $120,351,000, $115,129,000 and $107,356,000$113,140,000 in the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019,2023, 2022 and 2018,2021, respectively, representing approximately 55%54%, 48% and 46%56% and 55% of our totalrental revenues in each year, respectively.  No other tenant accounted for more than 10% of our totalrental revenues. If we were to lose Bloomberg as a tenant, or if Bloomberg were to be unable to fulfill its obligations under its lease, it would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. In order to assist us in our continuing assessment of Bloomberg’s creditworthiness, we receive certain confidential financial information and metrics from Bloomberg. In addition, we access and evaluate financial information regarding Bloomberg from other private sources, as well as publicly available data.
Environmental Sustainability Initiatives
We have long believed a focus on environmental sustainability is responsible management of our business and important to our tenants, investors, employees and communities that we serve. Since we are externally managed by Vornado, Vornado’s Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee of its Board of Trustees is assigned with oversight of Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) matters at Alexander’s, which includes climate change risk. Environmental sustainability initiatives are carried out by a dedicated team of professionals that work directly with Vornado’s business units. In the discussion below, when we refer to Vornado’s buildings, it includes our buildings.
Vornado is an industry leader in sustainability, owning and operating more than 25 million square feet of LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certified buildings, representing 95% of its in-service office portfolio, with over 24 million square feet at LEED Gold or Platinum. In 2023, Vornado (i) ranked #1 in the US Diversified Office/Retail REIT peer group by GRESB, and received the “Green Star” distinction for the eleventh consecutive year and GRESB's five star rating, (ii) received the Leader in the Light Award by the National Association for Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT) for diversified REITs for the thirteenth time, and (iii) was recognized as an EPA ENERGY STAR Partner of the Year with the distinction of having demonstrated eight years of sustained excellence.
Vornado prioritizes addressing climate change and in 2019 adopted a 10-year plan to make its buildings carbon neutral by 2030 (“Vision 2030”). Vision 2030 is a multi-faceted approach that prioritizes energy reduction, recovery, and renewable power. Vornado relies on technology, as well as meaningful stakeholder collaboration with its tenants, its employees, and its communities, to achieve this plan. Vornado’s commitment to carbon neutrality and associated emissions reduction targets have been approved by the Science Based Targets Initiative as consistent with a 1.5°C climate scenario, the most ambitious goal of the Paris Agreement.
Vornado considers sustainability in all aspects of its business, including the design, construction, retrofitting and ongoing maintenance and operations of its portfolio of buildings. Vornado operates its buildings sustainably and efficiently by seeking to establish best practices in energy and water consumption, carbon reduction, resource and waste management and ecologically sensitive procurement. Vornado’s policies, from 100% green cleaning to procuring 100% renewable electricity certificates to energy efficiency, are implemented across its entire portfolio. Vornado undertakes significant outreach with its tenants, employees and investors regarding Vornado’s sustainability programs and strategies.
Vornado gathers data to measure progress against its goals, aligns its goals with its tenants, plans for its longer-term projects and engages with its stakeholders in meaningful ways. Vornado uses carbon accounting software, energy audits and models and building automation software to measure and track its portfolio-wide waste, water and energy reduction strategies, create roadmaps for each building to understand how to achieve carbon neutrality and provide accurate and actionable data for its measurement, verification and reporting requirements.
Vornado’s 2022 and 2023 long-term performance plan awards specifically tie a portion of senior management’s compensation to the achievement of certain ESG targets, including reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, achieving a specified GRESB score and targeting a specified percentage of LEED Gold or Platinum certified square footage in its office portfolio.
Vornado is committed to transparent reporting of sustainability performance indicators and publishes an annual ESG Report in accordance with the Global Reporting Initiative and aligned with the metrics codified by the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board and in 2023 published a report in accordance with the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures. Vornado also submits public reports to CDP (formerly, the Carbon Disclosure Project), CSA (the S&P Global Corporate Sustainability Assessment) and EP100 (global initiative led by Climate Group). Further details on Vornado’s environmental sustainability initiatives and strategy, including its Vision 2030 Roadmap, can be found in Vornado’s 2022 ESG Report at (vno.com/sustainability). There can be no assurance that Vornado’s Vision 2030 commitment will be achieved in the planned time frame. The ESG Report is not incorporated by reference and should not be considered part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

6


Competition
We operate in a highly competitive environment.  All of our properties areenvironment located in the greater New York City metropolitan area.City. We compete with a large number of real estate investors, property owners and developers.developers, some of whom may be willing to accept lower returns on their investments. Principal factors of competition are rents charged, tenant concessions offered, attractiveness of location, the quality of the property and the breadth and the quality of services provided. Our success depends upon, among other factors, trends of the global, national and local economies, the financial condition and operating results of current and prospective tenants and customers, the availability and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, taxes, governmental regulations, legislation, population and employment trends, zoning laws, and our ability to lease, sublease or sell our properties, at profitable levels. Our success is also subject to our ability to refinance existing debt on acceptable terms as it comes due.
See “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding these factors.
Human Capital Resources
Since we are externally managed by Vornado, we do not have separate employees that provide management, leasing and development services. We currently have 70 92 property-level employees whowho provide cleaning, engineering and security services. Our employees are managed by Vornado in accordance with its employee policies and they have access to Vornado’s benefits, training and other programs.
Executive Office
Our executive office is located at 210 Route 4 East, Paramus, New Jersey, 07652 and our telephone number is (201) 587-8541.
Available Information
Copies of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports, as well as Reports on Forms 3, 4 and 5 regarding officers, directors, and 10% beneficial owners, filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a), 15(d) or 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, are available free of charge on our website (www.alx-inc.com) as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Also available on our website are copies of our Audit Committee Charter, Compensation Committee Charter, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Corporate Governance Guidelines.  In the event of any changes to these items, revised copies will be made available on our website.  Copies of these documents are also available directly from us free of charge. The SEC also maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information that is filed electronically with the SEC. The contents of our website provided above are not intended to be incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or in any other report or document we file with the SEC.
In May 2009, Vornado and Interstate each filed with the SEC an amendment to their respective Schedule 13D indicating that they, as a group, own 47.2% of ourour common stock.  This ownership level, together with the shares owned by Messrs. Roth, Mandelbaum and Wight, makes us a “controlled” company for the purposes of the New York Stock Exchange, Inc.’s Corporate Governance Standards (the “NYSE Rules”). This means that we are not required to, among other things, have a majority of the members of our Board of Directors be independent under the NYSE Rules, have all of the members of our Compensation Committee be independent under the NYSE Rules or to have a Nominating Committee. While we have voluntarily complied with a majority of the independence requirements of the NYSE Rules, we are under no obligation to do so and this situation may change at any time.
67


ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Material factors that may adversely affect our business, operations and financial condition are summarized below.  The risks and uncertainties described herein may not be the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business, operations and financial condition. See “Forward-Looking Statements” contained herein on page 4.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR PROPERTIESBUSINESS AND INDUSTRYOPERATIONS

Our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows have been and are expected to continue toWe may be adversely affected by trends in office real estate, including work from home trends.
In 2023, approximately 54% of our rental revenue was from Bloomberg, the recent COVID-19 pandemicoffice tenant at our 731 Lexington Avenue office property. Work from home, flexible or hybrid work schedules, open workplaces, videoconferencing, and teleconferencing remain prevalent in certain situations, following the impact could be material to us.
Our business has been adversely affected by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2020, our “non-essential” retailChanges in tenant space utilization, including from the continuation of work from home and flexible work arrangement policies, may cause office tenants were ordered to temporarily close and although substantially all re-opened in the latter part of June 2020, there are limitations on occupancy and other restrictions that affectreassess their ability to resume full operations and impact their financial health. In limited circumstances, we have agreed to and may continue to agree to rent deferrals and abatements for certain of our tenants.
Numerous Federal, state, local and industry-initiated efforts may also affect our ability to collect rent or enforce remedies for the failure to pay rent. Certain of our tenants may incur significant costs or losses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and/or incur other liabilities related to shelter-in-place orders, quarantines, infection or other related factors. Tenants that experience deteriorating financial conditions may be unwilling or unable to pay rent on a timely basis, or at all. Specifically, on September 10, 2020, Century 21, which leased 135,000 square feet at our Rego Park II shopping center, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and closed its store on December 7, 2020.
The COVID-19 pandemic has also caused, and is likely to continue to cause, severe economic, market or other disruptions worldwide. Conditions in the bank lending, capital and other financial markets may deteriorate as a result of the pandemic, our access to capital and other sources of funding may become constrained and the ratios of our debt to asset values may deteriorate,long-term physical space needs, which could adversely affect the availability and terms of future borrowings, renewals or refinancings. In addition, the deterioration of global, national, regional and local economic conditions as a result of the pandemic may ultimately decrease occupancy and/or rent levels across our portfolio as tenants reduce or defer their spending, which may result in less cash flow available for operating costs, to pay our indebtedness and for distribution to our stockholders and the impact could be material. In addition, the value of our real estate assets may decline, which may result in non-cash impairment charges in future periods and the impact could be material. The extent of the COVID-19 pandemic’shave an adverse effect on our operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including the duration, spread and intensity of the outbreak and governmental responses thereto, all of which are uncertain and difficult to predict. Due to the speed with which the situation is developing, we are not able at this time to estimate the ultimate effect of these factors on our business, but the adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be material.

business.

7


All of our properties are in the greater New York City metropolitan area and are affected by the economic cycles and risks inherent in thatto this area.
All of our revenues come from properties located in the greater New York City metropolitan area.City. Real estate markets are subject toaffected by economic downturns and we cannot predict how economic conditions will impact this market in either the short or long term. Recent declinesDeclines in the economy and declines in the real estate marketmarkets in this area,New York City have hurtaffected and could continue to hurt,affect our financial performance and the value of our properties. In addition to the factors affecting the national economic condition generally, the factors affecting economic conditions in this area include:
financial performance and productivity of the media, advertising, professional services, financial, technology, retail, insurance and real estate industries;
the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic;
business layoffs or downsizing;
any oversupply of, or reduced demand for, real estate;
industry slowdowns;
the effects of inflation;
rising interest rates;
relocations of businesses;
changing demographics;
increased telecommutingwork from home and use of alternative work places;
changes in the number of domestic and international tourists to our markets (including as a result of changes in the relative strengths of world currencies);
the fiscal health of New York State and New York City governments and local transit authorities;
quality of life conditions;
infrastructure quality;
increased government regulation and costs of complying with such regulations; and
changes in the rates or the treatment of the deductibility of state and local taxes; and
any oversupply of, or reduced demand for, real estate.

taxes.
It is impossible for us to predict the future or the effecteffects of trends in the economic and investment climates of the greater New York City metropolitan region, and more generally of the United States, on the real estate market in this area. Local, national or global economic downturns could negatively affect the value of our properties, our business and profitability.

We may be adversely affected by trends in office real estate.
Work from home, flexible work schedules, open workplaces and teleconferencing are becoming more common and are expected to accelerate as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. These practices may enable businesses to reduce their office space requirements. There is also an increasing trend among some businesses to utilize shared office spaces and co-working spaces. A continuation of these trends could, over time, erode the overall demand for office space and, in turn, place downward pressure on occupancy, rental rates and property valuations.

We are subject to risks that affect the general and New York City retail environments.
Certain of our properties are New York City retail properties.  As such, these properties and thus are affected by the general and New York City retail environments, including the level of consumer spending and consumer confidence, New York City tourism, office and residential occupancy rates, employer remote-working policies, the threat of terrorism the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic,or other criminal acts, increasing competition from on-line retailers, otheronline retailers and outlet mallsother retail centers, and the impact of technological change upon the retail environment generally. For a number of our tenants that operate retail businesses involving high contact interactions with their customers, the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their business has been particularly severe and the recovery more difficult, with customer traffic down significantly. Furthermore, it is unknowable whether consumers’ retail habits will return to norms that existed prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. These factors could adversely affect the financial condition of our retail tenants, or result in the bankruptcy of such tenants, and the willingness of retailers to lease space in our retail locations, which could have an adverse effect on our business and profitability.
Terrorist attacks may adversely affect the value of our properties, our business and our ability to generate cash flow.
All of our properties are located in the greater New York City metropolitan area, and our most significant property, 731 Lexington Avenue, is located on Lexington Avenue and 59th Street in Manhattan.  In response to a terrorist attack or the perceived threat of terrorism, tenants in this area may choose to relocate their businesses to less populated, lower-profile areas of the United States that may be perceived to be less likely targets of future terrorist activity and fewer customers may choose to patronize businesses in this area. This, in turn, could trigger a decrease in the demand for space in these markets, which could increase vacancies in our properties and force us to lease our properties on less favorable terms. Furthermore, we may experience increased costs for security, equipment and personnel. As a result, the value of our properties and the level of our revenues could decline materially.
profitability.
8


Natural disasters and the effects of climate change could have a concentrated impact on the area which we operate and could adversely impact our results.
Our investments are in the greater New York City metropolitan area and since they are concentrated along the Eastern Seaboard, natural disasters, including hurricanes, could cause significant damage to our properties and the surrounding environment or area.  Potentially adverse consequences of “global warming,” including rising sea levels, could similarly have an impact on our properties and the economy of the greater New York City metropolitan area in which we operate. Government efforts to combat climate change may impact the cost of operating our properties and real estate in the New York City metropolitan area.  Over time, these conditions could result in declining demand for office space in our buildings or the inability of us to operate the buildings at all. Climate change may also have indirect effects on our business by increasing the cost of (or making unavailable) property insurance on terms we find acceptable, increasing the cost of energy at our properties and requiring us to expend funds as we seek to repair and protect our properties against such risks. The incurrence of these losses, costs or business interruptions may adversely affect our operating and financial results.

Our performance and the value of an investment in us are subject to risks associated with our real estate assets and with the real estate industry.
The value of our real estate and the value of an investment in us fluctuates depending on conditions in the general economy and the real estate business. These conditions may also adversely impactaffect our revenues and cash flows.
The factors that affect the value of our real estate include, among other things:
global, national, regional and local economic conditions;
the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic;conditions and geopolitical events;
competition from other available space;space, including co-working space and subleases;
local conditions such as an oversupply of space or a reduction in demand for real estate in the area;
how well we manage our properties;
the development and/or redevelopment of our properties;
changes in market rental rates;
increased competition from online shopping and its impact on retail tenants and their demand for retail space;
the timing and costs associated with property improvements and rentals;
whether we are able to pass all or portions of any increases in operating costs through to tenants;
political and regulatory conditions;
changes in real estate taxes and other expenses;
the ability of state and local governments to operate within their budgets;
whether tenants and users such as customers and shoppers consider a property attractive;
changes in consumer preferences adversely affecting retailers and retail store values;
changes in tenant space utilization by our tenants due to technology, economic conditions and business environment;utilization;
the financial condition of our tenants, including the extent of tenant bankruptcies or defaults;
consequences of any armed conflict involving, or terrorist attackattacks against, the United States or individual acts of violence in public spaces;
trends in office real estate;
estate, including many tenants’ preferences for space in modern amenitized buildings which may require the impact on our retail tenants and demand for retail space at our properties duelandlord to increased competition from online shopping;incur significant capital expenditures;
availability of financing on acceptable terms or at all;
inflation or deflation;
fluctuations in interest rates;
our ability to obtain adequate insurance;
government regulation, including changes in fiscal policies, taxation, and zoning laws and taxation;
government regulation;laws;
potential liability underand compliance costs associated with environmental or other laws or regulations;
natural disasters;
general competitive factors;
climate change; and
climate changes.the impact of pandemics or outbreaks of other infectious diseases. 
The rents or sales proceeds we receive and the occupancy levels at our properties may decline as a result of adverse changes in any of these factors. If our rental revenues, sales proceeds and/or occupancy levels decline, we generally would expect to have less cash available for operating costs, to pay our indebtedness and for distribution to our stockholders. In addition, some of our major expenses, including mortgage interest payments, real estate taxes and maintenance costs generally do not decline when the related rents decline.
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decline, and maintenance costs can increase substantially in an inflationary environment. These factors may cause the value of our real estate assets to decline, which may result in non-cash impairment charges and the impact could be material.
Real estate is a competitive business and that competition may adversely impactaffect us.
We compete with a large number of real estate investors, property owners and developers, some of whichwhom may be willing to accept lower returns on their investments. Principal factors of competition are rents charged, tenant concessions offered, attractiveness of location, the quality of the property and the breadth and the quality of services provided.  Substantially all of our properties face competition from similar properties in the same market, which may adversely impactaffect the rents we can charge at those properties and our results of operations.


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We dependmay be unable to renew leases, lease vacant space or relet space as leases expire on leasing spacefavorable terms.
When our tenants decide not to tenants on economically favorable terms and collecting rent from tenants whorenew their leases upon their expiration, we may not be able to pay.
Our financial results depend significantlyrelet the space. Even if tenants do renew or we can relet the space, the terms of renewal or reletting, considering among other things, rent and concessions, the cost of improvements to the property and leasing commissions, may be on leasing space in our properties to tenants onless economically favorable terms. In addition, becausechanges in space utilization by our tenants may impact our ability to renew or relet space without the need to incur substantial costs in renovating or redesigning the internal configuration of the relevant property and/or space. If we are unable to promptly renew the leases or relet the space at similar rates, lease vacant space, or if we are otherwise not able to maintain occupancy on favorable terms, our cash flow and ability to service debt obligations and pay dividends and distributions to stockholders could be adversely affected.
731 Lexington Avenue accounts for a majority of our income is derived from renting real property,revenues. Loss of or damage to the building would adversely affect our income, funds available to pay indebtednessfinancial condition and results of operations.
731 Lexington Avenue accounted for distributions to stockholders will decrease if certainrevenue of $148,806,000, $138,778,000 and $140,524,000 in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, representing approximately 66%, 67% and 68% of our tenants cannot pay their rentrental revenues in each year, respectively. Loss of or if we are not abledamage to maintainthe building in excess of our occupancy levels on favorable terms.  If a tenant does not pay its rent, we might not be able to enforce our rightsinsurance coverage, including as landlord without delays and might incur substantial legal and other costs. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, Federal, statea terrorist attack, would adversely affect our results of operations and local regulations and economic conditions have affectedfinancial condition.
Bloomberg represents a majority of our ability to collect rent or enforce remedies for the failure to pay rent. Even if we are able to enforce our rights,revenues. Loss of Bloomberg as a tenant may not have recoverable assets. Additionally,or deterioration in limited circumstances, we have agreedBloomberg’s credit quality could adversely affect our financial condition and may continue to agree to rent deferralsresults of operations.
Bloomberg accounted for revenue of $120,351,000, $115,129,000 and abatements for certain$113,140,000 in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, representing approximately 54%, 56% and 55% of our tenants.

Bankruptcy or insolvency of tenants may decrease ourrental revenues net income and available cash.
From time to time, somein each year, respectively. No other tenant accounted for more than 10% of our tenants have declared bankruptcy, and other tenants may declare bankruptcy or become insolvent in the future. On September 10, 2020, Century 21, which leased 135,000 square feet at our Rego Park II shopping center ($6,400,000 of annual revenue), filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and closed its store on December 7, 2020. The bankruptcy or insolvency ofrental revenues. If we were to lose Bloomberg as a major tenant could cause us to suffer lower revenues and operational difficulties, including leasing the remainder of the property.  As a result, the bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant, or multiple tenants could result in decreased revenues, net incomeif Bloomberg were to be unable to fulfill its obligations under its lease, it would adversely affect our results of operations and funds available to pay our indebtedness or make distributions to stockholders.

financial condition.
We depend upon anchor tenants to attract shoppers at our Rego Park I and II retail properties and decisions made by these tenants, or adverse developments in the businesses of these tenants, could materially affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our Rego Park I and II retail properties are anchored by well-known department stores and other tenants who generate shopping traffic. The value of these properties would be adversely affected if our anchor tenants failed to meet their contractual obligations, sought concessions in order to continue operations or ceased their operations, including as a result of bankruptcy.  If the level of sales ofat stores operating in our properties were to decline significantly due to economic conditions, increased competition from online shopping, closing of anchors or for other reasons, tenants may be unable to pay their minimum rents or expense recovery charges. In the event of a default by a tenant or anchor, we may experience delays and costs in enforcing our rights as landlord. Additionally, closure of an anchor or major tenant could result in lease terminations by, or reductions of rent from other tenants if the other tenants’ leases have co-tenancy clauses. On September 10, 2020, Century 21, which leased 135,000 square feet at
Bankruptcy or insolvency of tenants may decrease our Rego Park II shopping center ($6,400,000revenues, net income and available cash.
From time-to-time, some of annual revenue), filed for Chapter 11our tenants have declared bankruptcy, and closedother tenants may declare bankruptcy, become insolvent or experience a material business downturn adversely affecting their ability to make timely rental payments in the future. If a tenant does not pay its store on December 7, 2020.

We may be unable to renew leases or relet space as leases expire.
When our tenants decide not to renew their leases upon their expiration,rent, we may not beface delays enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur substantial legal and other costs. Even if we are able to reletenforce our rights, a tenant may not have recoverable assets. The bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant may delay our efforts to collect past due balances under the space. Even if tenants do renewrelevant leases and could ultimately preclude collection of these amounts altogether. As a result, the bankruptcy or we can reletinsolvency of, or nonpayment by, a major tenant could cause us to suffer lower revenues and operational difficulties, including leasing the space, the termsremainder of renewal or reletting, considering among other things, the cost of improvements to the property, which could in turn result in decreased net income and leasing commissions, may be less favorable than the terms in the expired leases. In addition, changes in space utilization byfunds available to pay our tenants may impact our ability to renew or relet space without the need to incur substantial costs in renovating or redesigning the internal configuration of the relevant property. If we are unable to promptly renew the leases or relet the space at similar rates or if we incur substantial costs in renewing or reletting the space, our cash flowindebtedness and ability to service debt obligations and pay dividends andmake distributions to stockholders could be adversely affected.
731 Lexington Avenue accounts for a substantial portion of our revenues.  Loss of or damage to the building would adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
731 Lexington Avenue accounted for revenue of $137,718,000, $153,797,000 and $151,834,000 in the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively, representing approximately 69%, 68% and 65% of our total revenues in each year, respectively.  Loss of or damage to the building in excess of our insurance coverage, including as a result of a terrorist attack, would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.stockholders.
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Bloomberg representsOur business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows have been and may continue to be adversely affected by outbreaks of highly infectious or contagious diseases.
Our business has been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by the economic and industry challenges created by highly infectious or contagious diseases, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic caused retailers to reduce the number and size of their physical locations and further increase reliance on e-commerce, and future infectious or contagious diseases could have a significant portionsimilar impact. Additionally, our office tenant may adjust its employee work from home arrangements which may lead to a reassessment of its long-term physical space needs. Any future outbreak of a highly infectious or contagious disease could impact how people live, work and travel in ways that have affected and may in the future affect our properties. Over time, these factors could decrease the demand for office and retail space and ultimately decrease occupancy and/or rent levels across our portfolio, which may have a negative impact on our financial condition and/or access to capital.
Some of our revenues.  Losspotential losses may not be covered by insurance.
We maintain general liability insurance with limits of Bloomberg$300,000,000 per occurrence and per property, of which the first $30,000,000 includes communicable disease coverage, and all-risk property and rental value insurance coverage with limits of $1.7 billion per occurrence, including coverage for acts of terrorism, with sub-limits for certain perils such as floods and earthquakes on each of our properties and excluding communicable disease coverage.
Fifty Ninth Street Insurance Company, LLC (“FNSIC”), our wholly owned consolidated subsidiary, acts as a tenantdirect insurer for coverage for acts of terrorism, including nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological (“NBCR”) acts, as defined by the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002, as amended to date and which has been extended through December 2027. Coverage for acts of terrorism (including NBCR acts) is up to $1.7 billion per occurrence and in the aggregate. Coverage for acts of terrorism (excluding NBCR acts) is fully reinsured by third party insurance companies and the Federal government with no exposure to FNSIC. For NBCR acts, FNSIC is responsible for a $316,000 deductible and 20% of the balance of a covered loss, and the Federal government is responsible for the remaining 80% of a covered loss. We are ultimately responsible for any loss incurred by FNSIC.
We continue to monitor the state of the insurance market and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism or deteriorationother events. However, we cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in Bloomberg’s credit qualitythe future. We are responsible for uninsured losses and for deductibles and losses in excess of our insurance coverage, which could be material and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Bloomberg accounted for revenue of $109,066,000, $109,113,000 and $107,356,000 in the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively, representing approximately 55%, 48% and 46% of our total revenues in each year, respectively.  No other tenant accounted for more than 10% of our total revenues.  If we were to lose Bloomberg as a tenant, or if Bloomberg were to be unable to fulfill its obligations under its lease, it would adversely affect ourbusiness, results of operations and financial condition.
Our loans contain customary covenants requiring us to maintain insurance. Although we believe that we have adequate insurance coverage for purposes of these agreements, we may not be able to obtain an equivalent amount of coverage at reasonable costs in the future. If lenders insist on greater coverage than we are able to obtain, it could adversely affect our ability to finance or refinance our properties.
Actual or threatened terrorist attacks or other criminal acts may adversely affect the value of our properties and our ability to generate cash flow.
All of our properties are located in New York City, and our most significant property, 731 Lexington Avenue, is located on Lexington Avenue and 59th Street in Manhattan. In response to a terrorist attack, the perceived threat of terrorism or other criminal acts, tenants in this area may choose to relocate their businesses to less populated, lower-profile areas of the United States that may be perceived to be less likely targets of future terrorist activity or have lower rates of crime and fewer customers may choose to patronize businesses in this area. This, in turn, could trigger a decrease in the demand for space in this area, which could increase vacancies in our properties and force us to lease space at our properties on less favorable terms. Furthermore, we may experience increased costs for security, equipment and personnel. As a result, the value of our properties and the level of our revenues and cash flows could decline materially.
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Natural disasters and the effects of climate change could have a concentrated impact on the area where we operate and could adversely affect our results.
Our properties are located in New York City. Physical climate change and natural disasters, including earthquakes, storms, storm surges, tornados, floods and hurricanes, could cause significant damage to our properties and the surrounding environment or area. Potentially adverse consequences of climate change, including rising sea levels and increased temperature fluctuations, could similarly have an impact on our properties and the economies of the metropolitan area in which we operate. Government efforts to combat climate change may impact the cost of operating our properties. Over time, these conditions could result in declining demand for space in our buildings or the inability of us to operate the buildings at all. Climate change may also have indirect effects on our business by increasing the cost of (or making unavailable) property insurance on terms we find acceptable, increasing the cost of energy at our properties and requiring us to expend funds as we seek to repair and protect our properties against such risks. The incurrence of these losses, costs or business interruptions may adversely affect our operating and financial results.
Our properties are located in an urban area, which means the vitality of our properties is reliant on sound transportation and utility infrastructure. If that infrastructure is compromised in any way by an extreme weather event, such a compromise could have an adverse effect on our local economies and populations, as well as on our tenants’ ability to do business in our buildings.
Our properties are subject to transitional risks related to climate-related policy change.
De-carbonization of grid-supplied energy could lead to increased energy costs and operating expenses for our buildings. Retrofitting our building systems to consume less energy could lead to increased capital costs. Buildings which consume fossil fuels onsite may be subject to penalties in the future. In addition, the full transition of grid-supplied energy to renewable sources (as has been mandated by the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act in New York State) could lead to increased energy costs and operating expenses for our buildings. Although these laws and regulations have not had any material adverse effects on our business to date, they could result in substantial costs, including compliance costs, increased energy costs, retrofit costs and construction costs. We cannot predict how future laws and regulations, or future interpretations of current laws and regulations, related to climate change will affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may become subject to costs, taxes or penalties, or increases therein, associated with natural resource or energy usage, such as a “carbon tax” and by local legislation such as New York City’s Local Law 97, which sets limits on carbon emissions in our buildings and imposes penalties if we exceed those limits, and New York City’s Intro 2317, or the “gas ban” bill, which limits any onsite fossil fuel combustion in new construction and major renovations. These costs, taxes or penalties could increase our operating costs and decrease the cash available to pay our indebtedness and make distributions to our stockholders.
Changes to tax laws could affect REITs generally, the trading of our shares and our results of operations, both positively and negatively, in ways that are difficult to anticipate.
The rules dealing with U.S. federal, state and local income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the Treasury Department. Changes to tax laws (which changes may have retroactive application) could adversely affect the taxation of REITs and their shareholders. We cannot predict whether, when, in what form, or with what effective dates, tax laws, regulations and rulings may be enacted, promulgated or decided, or technical corrections made, which could result in an increase in our, or our stockholders’, tax liability or require changes in the manner in which we operate in order to minimize increases in our tax liability. If such changes occur, we may be required to pay additional taxes on our assets or income and/or be subject to additional restrictions. These increased tax costs could, among other things, adversely affect the trading price for our common shares, our financial condition, our results of operations and the amount of cash available to pay our indebtedness and make distributions to our stockholders.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR OPERATIONS AND STRATEGIES
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Significant inflation and continuing increases in the inflation rate could adversely affect our business and financial results.
Recent substantial increases in the rate of inflation and potential future elevated rates of inflation, both real and anticipated, may impact our business and results of operations. In a highly inflationary environment, we may be unable to raise rental rates at or above the rate of inflation, which could reduce our profit margins. In addition, our cost of labor and materials could increase, which could have an adverse effect on our business or financial results. Increased inflation could also adversely affect us by increasing costs of construction and renovation. While increases in most operating expenses at our properties can be passed on to our office and retail tenants, some tenants have fixed reimbursement charges, and expenses at our residential property may not be able to be passed on to residential tenants. Unreimbursed increased operating expenses may reduce cash flow available to pay our indebtedness and make distributions to our stockholders.
We may acquire, develop, or redevelop properties and this may create risks.
Although our statedcurrent business strategy is not to engage in acquisitions, we may acquire, develop or redevelop properties when we believe that an acquisition, development or redevelopment project is otherwise consistent with our business strategy.  We may not succeed in (i) acquiring, developing, redeveloping or acquiringredeveloping properties; (ii) completing these activities on time or within budget; and (iii) leasing or selling acquired, developed, redeveloped or acquiredredeveloped properties at amounts sufficient to cover our costs.  Competition in these activities could also significantly increase our costs. Difficulties in integrating acquisitions may prove costly or time-consuming and could divert management’s attention. Acquisitions, developments or redevelopments in new markets or types of properties where we do not have the same level of market knowledge may result in weaker than anticipated performance. We may also abandon acquisition, development or redevelopment opportunities that we have begun pursuing and consequently fail to recover expenses already incurred. Furthermore, we may be exposed to the liabilities of properties acquired, some of which we may not be aware of at the time of acquisition.
We are exposed to risks associated with property development, redevelopment and repositioning that could adversely affect us, including our financial condition and results of operations.
We continue to engage in development, redevelopment and repositioning activities with respect to our properties, and, accordingly, weproperties. We are subject to certain risks in connection with development and redevelopment activities, which could adversely affect us, including our financial condition and results of operations. These risks include, without limitation, (i) the availability and pricing of financing on favorable terms or at all; (ii) the availability and timely receipt of zoning and other regulatory approvals; (iii)cost overruns, especially in an inflationary environment, and untimely completion of construction (including risks beyond our control, such as weather or labor conditions, material shortages or supply chain delays); (iv) the potential for the fluctuation of occupancy rates and rents at redeveloped properties, which may result in our investment not being profitable; (iv)(v) start up, repositioning and redevelopment costs may be higher than anticipated; (v) cost overruns and untimely completion of construction (including risks beyond our control, such as weather or labor conditions, or material shortages); (vi) the potential that we may fail to recover expenses already incurred if we abandon development or redevelopment opportunities after we begin to explore them; (vii) the potential that we may expend funds on and devote managementmanagement’s time to projects which we do not complete; (viii) the inability to leasecomplete leasing of a property on schedule or at all, resulting in increased constructionan increase in carrying or redevelopment costs; and (ix) the possibility that properties will be leased at below expected rental rates. These risks could result in substantial unanticipated delays or expenses and could prevent the initiation or the completion of redevelopment activities any of whichor reduce the ultimate rents achieved on new developments. These outcomes could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, the market value of our common shares and ability to satisfypay our principalindebtedness and interest obligations and to make distributions to our stockholders.

It may be difficult to sell real estate on a timely basis, which may limit our flexibility.
Real estate investments are relatively illiquid. Consequently, we may have limited ability to dispose of assets in our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions which could have an adverse effect on our sources of working capital and our ability to satisfy our debt obligations.indebtedness.
We have an investment in marketable equity securities.  The value of this investment may decline as a result of operating performance or economic or market conditions.
We have an investment in The Macerich Company (“Macerich”), a retail shopping center company.  As of December 31, 2020, this investment had a carrying amount of $6,024,000. A decline in the value of this investment due to, among other reasons, Macerich’s operating performance or economic or market conditions, would result in recognized GAAP losses, which could be material.


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RISKS RELATED TO OUR INDEBTEDNESS AND ACCESS TO CAPITAL

Significantly tighter capital markets and economic conditions can materially affect our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations as well as the value of an investment in our common stock.
Substantially allThere are many factors that can affect the value of our assets are ownedequity securities and any debt securities we may issue in the future, including the state of the capital markets and the economy. Demand for office and retail space typically declines nationwide due to an economic downturn, bankruptcies, downsizing, layoffs and cost cutting. Government action or inaction may adversely affect the state of the capital markets. The cost and availability of credit may be adversely affected by subsidiaries.  We depend on dividendsilliquid credit markets and distributions from these subsidiaries.  The creditorswider credit spreads, which may adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition, including our results of these subsidiaries are entitled to amounts payable to them byoperations, and the subsidiaries before the subsidiaries may pay any dividends or distributions to us.
Substantially allliquidity and financial condition of our propertiestenants. Recently, domestic and assets are held through our subsidiaries.  We depend on cash distributionsinternational financial markets have experienced unusual volatility, significant interest rate increases and dividends from our subsidiaries for substantially all of our cash flow.  The creditors of each of our direct and indirect subsidiaries are entitled to payment of that subsidiary’s obligations to them when due and payable before that subsidiary may make distributions or dividends to us.  Thus,continuing uncertainty. Liquidity has significantly tightened in overall financial markets. Consequently, there is greater uncertainty regarding our ability to access the credit markets in order to obtain financing on reasonable terms. Additionally, the recent inflation environment has led to an increase in interest rates, which has had a direct and material increase on the interest expense of our borrowings. Our inability or the inability of our tenants to timely refinance maturing liabilities and access the capital markets to meet liquidity needs may materially affect our financial condition and results of operations and the value of our common stock.
We have outstanding debt, and the amount of debt and its cost may continue to increase and refinancing may not be available on acceptable terms, which could affect our future operations.
As of December 31, 2023, total mortgages payable, excluding deferred debt issuance costs, was $1,096,544,000, and our rate of total debt to total enterprise value was 66%. “Enterprise value” means the market equity value of our common stock, plus debt, less cash and cash equivalents at such date. We are subject to the risks normally associated with debt financing, including the risk that our cash flow from operations will be insufficient to meet our required debt service. Our debt service costs generally will not be reduced if conditions in the market or at our properties, such as the entry of new competitors or the loss of major tenants, cause a reduction in the income from our properties. Should such events occur, our operations may be adversely affected.
If a property is mortgaged to secure payment of indebtedness and income from such property is insufficient to pay dividends, if any,that indebtedness, the property could be foreclosed upon by the mortgagee resulting in a loss of the asset.
If we are unable to obtain additional debt financing or refinance existing indebtedness upon maturity, our security holders dependsfinancial condition and results of operations would likely be adversely affected. In addition, the current rising interest rate environment has led to an increase in interest rates on our subsidiaries’ abilityvariable rate debt and an increase in the cost of refinancing our existing debt, entering into new debt and for interest rate hedge instruments, reducing our operating cash flows. While certain of our debt is fixed by an interest rate swap arrangement, the arrangement expires earlier than the mortgage loan maturity, resulting in future exposure to first satisfy their obligationsrising interest rates, which could further reduce our available cash. If the cost or amount of our indebtedness continues to their creditors andincrease or we cannot refinance our ability to satisfydebt in sufficient amounts or on acceptable terms, we are at risk of default on our obligations if any, tothat could adversely affect our creditors.
In addition, our participation in any distributionfinancial condition and results of the assets of any of our direct or indirect subsidiaries upon the liquidation, reorganization or insolvency of the subsidiary, is only after the claims of the creditors, including trade creditors, and preferred security holders, if any, of the applicable direct or indirect subsidiaries are satisfied. 

operations.
Our existing financing documents contain covenants and restrictions that may restrict our operational and financial flexibility.
As of December 31, 2020,2023, we had outstanding mortgage indebtedness of $1,164,544,000, secured $1,096,544,000, secured by fourthree of our properties. These mortgages contain covenants that limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness on these properties, provide for lender approval of tenants’ leases in certain circumstances, and in certain cases provide for yield maintenance or defeasance premiums to prepay them. These mortgages may significantly restrict our operational and financial flexibility. In addition, if we were to fail to perform our obligations under existing indebtedness or become insolvent or were liquidated, secured creditors would be entitled to payment in full from the proceeds of the sale of the pledged assets prior to any proceeds being paid to other creditors or to any holders of our securities.  In such an event, it is possible that we would have insufficient assets remaining to make payments to other creditors or to any holders of our securities. 

We have a substantial amountThe hedge instruments we may use to manage our exposure to interest rate volatility involve risks.
The interest rate hedge instruments we may use to manage some of indebtedness that could affect our future operations.
As of December 31, 2020, total debt outstanding was $1,164,544,000. We are subjectexposure to theinterest rate volatility involve risks, normally associated with debt financing, including the risk that our cash flow from operations will be insufficientcounterparties may fail to meet required debt service. Our debt service costs generally will not be reduced if developments in the market or at our properties, such as the entry of new competitors or the loss of major tenants,perform under these arrangements. If interest rates were to fall, these arrangements may cause a reduction in the income from our properties. Should such events occur, our operations may be adversely affected. If a property is mortgaged to secure payment of indebtedness and income from such property is insufficientus to pay that indebtedness,higher interest on our debt obligations than would otherwise be the property could be foreclosed upon bycase. In addition, the mortgagee resulting in a lossuse of such instruments may generate income and a decline in our total asset value.
We have outstanding debt, and the amount of debt and its cost may increase and refinancingthat may not be available on acceptable terms.
Astreated as qualifying REIT income for purposes of December 31, 2020, total debt outstanding was $1,164,544,000 andthe 75% gross income test or 95% gross income test. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that our ratio of total debt to total enterprise value was 54.1%.  “Enterprise value” meanshedging arrangements will qualify as “highly effective” cash flow hedges under applicable accounting standards. If our hedges do not qualify as “highly effective,” the market equitychanges in the fair value of these instruments would be reflected in our common stock, plus debt, less cashresults of operations and cash equivalents at such date.  In addition, we have significant debt service obligations.  For the year ended December 31, 2020, our cash payments for principal and interest were $72,476,000.  In the future, we may incur additional debt, and thus increase the ratio of total debt to total enterprise value.  If our level of indebtedness increases, there may be an increased risk of default which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.  In addition, in a rising interest rate environment, the cost of refinancing our existing debt and any new debt or market rate security or instrument may increase.  Continued uncertainty in the equity and credit markets may negatively impact our ability to obtain financing on reasonable terms or at all, which may negatively affect our ability to refinance our debt.earnings.

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RISKS RELATED TO OUR ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE

LossSubstantially all of our key personnel could harm our operationsassets are owned by subsidiaries. We depend on dividends and adversely affectdistributions from these subsidiaries. The creditors of these subsidiaries are entitled to amounts payable to them by the valuesubsidiaries before the subsidiaries may pay any dividends or make distributions to us.
Substantially all of our common stock.
properties and assets are held through our subsidiaries. We are dependentdepend on the efforts of Steven Roth,cash distributions and dividends from our Chief Executive Officer.  Although we believe that we could find a replacement, the loss of his services could harm our operations and adversely affect the valuesubsidiaries for substantially all of our common stock.cash flow. The creditors of each of our subsidiaries are entitled to payment of that subsidiary’s obligations to them when due and payable before that subsidiary may pay dividends or make distributions to us. Thus, our ability to pay dividends, if any, to our security holders depends on our subsidiaries’ ability to first satisfy their obligations to their creditors and our ability to satisfy our obligations, if any, to our creditors.


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In addition, our participation in any distribution of the assets of any of our subsidiaries upon the liquidation, reorganization or insolvency of the subsidiary, is only after the claims of the creditors, including trade creditors, and preferred security holders, if any, of the applicable subsidiary, are satisfied. 
Alexander’s charter documents and applicable lawlaws may hinder any attempt to acquire us.
Provisions in Alexander’s certificate of incorporation and by laws, as well as provisions of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) and Delaware corporate law, may delay or prevent a change in control of the Company or a tender offer, even if such action might be beneficial to stockholders, and limit the stockholders’ opportunity to receive a potential premium for their shares of common stock over then prevailing market prices.
In order to qualify as a REIT, five or fewer individuals, as defined in the Code, may not own, actually or constructively, more than 50% in value of the issued and outstanding shares of our stock at any time during the last half of each taxable year. Additionally, at least 100 persons must beneficially own shares of our stock during at least 335 days of a taxable year for each taxable year. To help ensure that we meet these tests, among other purposes, our charter restricts the acquisition and ownership of shares of our stock. Primarily to facilitate maintenance of its qualification as a REIT, Alexander’sAlexander’s certificate of incorporation generally prohibits ownership, directly, indirectly or beneficially, by any single stockholder of more than 9.9% of the outstanding shares of preferred stock of any class or 4.9% of outstanding common stock of any class. The Board of Directors may waive or modify these ownership limits with respect to one or more persons if it is satisfied that ownership in excess of these limits will not jeopardize Alexander’s status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. In addition, the Board of Directors has, subject to certain conditions and limitations, exempted Vornado and certain of its affiliates from these ownership limitations.  Stock owned in violation of these ownership limits will be subject to the loss of rights and other restrictions. These ownership limits may have the effect of inhibiting or impeding a change in control.
Alexander’s Board of Directors is divided into three classes of directors. Directors of each class are chosen for three-year staggered terms.  Staggered terms of directors may have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in control or management, even though changes in management or a change in control might be in the best interest of our stockholders.
In addition, Alexander’s charter documents authorize the Board of Directors to:
cause Alexander’s to issue additional authorized but unissued common stock or preferred stock;
classify or reclassify, in one or more series, any unissued preferred stock; and
set the preferences, rights and other terms of any classified or reclassified stock that Alexander’s issues.
The Board of Directors could establish a series of preferred stock with terms that could delay, deter or prevent a change in control of Alexander’s or other transaction that might involve a premium price or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders, although the Board of Directors does not, at present, intend to establish a series of preferred stock of this kind.  Alexander’s charter documents contain other provisions that may delay, deter or prevent a change in control of the Company or other transaction that might involve a premium price or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.
In addition, Vornado, Interstate and its three general partners (each of whom are both trustees of Vornado and Directors of Alexander’s) together beneficially own approximately 58.5%58.4% of our outstanding shares of common stock.  This degree of ownership is likely to reduce the possibility of a tender offer or an attempt to change control of the Company by a third party.
We may change our policies without obtaining the approval of our stockholders.
Our operating and financial policies, including our policies with respect to acquisitions of real estate or other assets, growth, operations, indebtedness, capitalization and dividends, are exclusively determined by our Board of Directors.  Accordingly, our stockholders do not control these policies.


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Steven Roth, Vornado and Interstate may exercise substantial influence over us. They and some of our other directors and officers have interests or positions in other entities that may compete with us.
As of December 31, 2020, Interstate2023, Interstate and its partners owned approximately 7.0% of the common shares of beneficial interest of Vornado and approximately 26.1%26.0% of our outstanding common stock. Steven Roth, David Mandelbaum and Russell B. Wight, Jr. are the partners of Interstate. Mr. Roth is the Chairman of our Board of Directors and our Chief Executive Officer, the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Chief Executive Officer of Vornado and the Managing General Partner of Interstate. Mr. Wight and Mr. Mandelbaum are both trustees of Vornado and members of our Board of Directors. In addition, Vornado manages and leases the real estate assets of Interstate.
As of December 31, 2020,2023, Vornado owned 32.4% of our outstanding common stock, in addition to the 26.1% owned26.0% owned by Interstate and its partners. In addition to the relationships described in the immediately preceding paragraph, Dr. Richard West andMs. Mandakini Puri are both trusteesis a trustee of Vornado and membersa member of our Board of DirectorsDirectors.
Additionally, personnel and Matthew Iocco,services that we require are provided to us under contracts with Vornado. We depend on Vornado to manage our Chief Financial Officer, isoperations and to acquire and manage our portfolio of real estate assets. Vornado makes all decisions regarding the Executive Vice President - Chief Accounting Officerday-to-day management of Vornado. our company, subject to the supervision of, and any guidelines established by, our Board of Directors.
 
Because of their overlapping interests, Vornado, Mr. Roth, Interstate and the other individuals noted in the preceding paragraphs may have substantial influence over Alexander’s, and on the outcome of any matters submitted to Alexander’s stockholders for approval.  In addition, certain decisions concerning our operations or financial structure may present conflicts of interest among Vornado, Messrs. Roth, Mandelbaum and Wight and Interstate and other security holders. Vornado, Mr. Roth and Interstate may, in the future, engage in a wide variety of activities in the real estate business which may result in conflicts of interest with respect to matters affecting us, such as, which of these entities or persons, if any, may take advantage of potential business opportunities, the business focus of these entities, the types of properties and geographic locations in which these entities make investments, potential competition between business activities conducted, or sought to be conducted, by us, competition for properties and tenants, possible corporate transactions such as acquisitions, and other strategic decisions affecting the future of these entities.
There may be conflicts of interest between Vornado, its affiliates and us.
Vornado manages, develops and leases our properties under agreements that have one-year terms expiring in March of each year, which are automatically renewable. Because we share common senior management with Vornado and because fivebecause four of the trustees of Vornado are on our Board of Directors, the terms of the foregoing agreements and any future agreements may not be comparable to those we could have negotiated with an unaffiliated third party.
For a description of Interstate’s ownership of Vornado and Alexander’s see “Steven Roth, Vornado and Interstate may exercise substantial influence over us. They and some of our other directors and officers have interests or positions in other entities that may compete with us.” above. For a description of our related party transactions with Vornado, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Related Party Transactions.”
16


RISKS RELATED TO TECHNOLOGY, CYBERSECURITY AND DATA PROTECTION
The occurrence of cyber incidents, or a deficiency in our cybersecurity, as well as other disruptions to our IT networks and related systems, could adversely affect our business by causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information, and/or damage to our business relationships or reputation, all of which could adversely affect our financial results.
Our IT networks and related systems are essential to the operation of our business and our ability to perform day-to-day operations (including managing our building systems) and, in some cases, may be critical to the operations of certain of our tenants. We face risks associated with security breaches, whether through cyber attacks or cyber intrusions over the Internet, malware, ransomware, computer viruses, phishing, attachments to e-mails, persons who access our systems from inside or outside our organization, and other significant disruptions of our IT networks and related systems. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through a cyber attack or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased, including through the use of artificial intelligence. Although we have not experienced cyber incidents that are individually, or in the aggregate, material, we have experienced cyber attacks in the past, which have thus far been mitigated by preventative, detective, and responsive measures that we have put in place. Although we make efforts to maintain the security and integrity of these types of IT networks and related systems, and we have implemented various measures to manage the risk of a security breach or disruption, there can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. Unauthorized parties, whether within or outside our company, may disrupt or gain access to our systems, or those of third parties with whom we do business, through human error, misfeasance, fraud, trickery, or other forms of deceit, including break-ins, use of stolen credentials, social engineering, phishing, computer viruses or other malicious codes, and similar means of unauthorized and destructive tampering. Even the most well protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because the techniques used in such attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases are designed to not be detected and, in fact, may not be detected. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures, and thus it is impossible for us to entirely mitigate this risk.
A security breach or other significant disruption involving our IT networks and related systems could disrupt the proper functioning of our networks and systems and therefore our operations and/or those of certain of our tenants; result in the unauthorized access to, and destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of, proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information of ours or others, which others could use to compete against us or which could expose us to damage claims by third-parties for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes; result in our inability to maintain the building systems relied upon by our tenants for the efficient use of their leased space; require significant management attention and resources to remedy any damages that result; may require payments to the attackers; subject us to litigation claims for breach of contract, damages, credits, fines, penalties, governmental investigations and enforcement actions or termination of leases or other agreements; or damage our reputation among our tenants and investors generally. Any or all of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
A cyber attack or systems failure could interfere with our ability to comply with financial reporting requirements, which could adversely affect us. A cyber attack could also compromise the confidential information of our employees, tenants, customers and vendors. A successful attack could disrupt and materially affect our business operations, including damaging relationships with tenants, customers and vendors. Any compromise of our information security systems could also result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, significant legal and financial exposure, damage to our reputation, loss or misuse of the information (which may be confidential, proprietary and/or commercially sensitive in nature) and a loss of confidence in our security measures, which could harm our business.
For additional information on our cybersecurity risk management process, see “Item 1C. Cybersecurity” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

1417


RISKS RELATED TO OUR COMMON SHARESSTOCK

The trading price of our common sharesstock has been volatile and may continue to fluctuate.
The trading price of our common sharesstock has been volatile and may continue to fluctuate widely as a result of several factors, many of which are outside of our control. In addition, the stock market is subject to fluctuations in the share prices and trading volumes that affect the market prices of the shares of many companies.  These broad market fluctuations have in the past and may in the future adversely affect the market price of our common shares.  Among the factors that could affect the price of our common shares are:include:
our financial condition and performance;
the financial condition of our tenants, including the extent of tenant bankruptcies or defaults;
the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic;
actual or anticipated quarterly fluctuations in our operating results and financial condition;
our dividend policy;
the reputation of REITs and real estate investments generally and the attractiveness of REIT equity securities in comparison to other equity securities, including securities issued by other real estate companies, and fixed income securities;
uncertainty and volatility in the equity and credit markets;
fluctuations in interest rates;
changes in revenue or earnings estimates or publication of research reports and recommendations by financial analysts or actions taken by rating agencies with respect to our securities or those of other REITs;
failure to meet analysts’ revenue or earnings estimates;
speculation in the press or investment community;
strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;
the extent of institutional investor interest in us;
the extent of short-selling of our common sharesstock and the shares of our competitors;
fluctuations in the stock price and operating results of our competitors;
general financial and economic market conditions and, in particular, developments related to market conditions for office REITs and other real estate related companies;companies and the New York City real estate market;
the impact of inflation;
local, domestic and international economic factors unrelated to our performance;performance (including the macro-economic impact of geopolitical conflict);
fiscal policies or inaction at the U.S. federal government level that may lead to federal government shutdowns or negative impacts on the U.S. economy;
changes in tax laws and rules; and
all other risk factors addressed elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In addition, the stock market is subject to fluctuations in the share prices and trading volumes that affect the market prices of the shares of many companies. These broad market fluctuations have in the past and may in the future adversely affect the market price of our common stock. A significant decline in our stock price could result in substantial losses for stockholders.
Alexander’s has additional shares of its common stock available for future issuance, which could decrease the market price of the common stock currently outstanding.
The interest of our current stockholders could be diluted if we issue additional equity securities. As of December 31, 2020,2023, we had authorized but unissuedunissued 4,826,550 shares of common stock, par value of $1.00 per share and 3,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $1.00 per share; of which 14,91623,388 shares of common stock are reserved for issuance upon redemption of the deferred stock units previously granted to our Board of Directors. In addition, 490,871 shares482,399 shares are available for future grant under the terms of our 2016 Omnibus Stock Plan. These awards may be granted in the form of options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, deferred stock units, or other equity-based interests, and if granted, would reduce that number of shares available for future grants, provided however that an award that may be settled only in cash, would not reduce the number of shares available under the plan. We cannot predict the impact that future issuances of common or preferred stock or any exercise of outstanding options or grants of additional equity-based interests would have on the market price of our common stock.

Loss of our key personnel could harm our operations and adversely affect the value of our common stock.
We are dependent on the efforts of Steven Roth, the Chairman of our Board of Directors and our Chief Executive Officer. Although we believe that we could find a replacement, the loss of his services could harm our operations and adversely affect the value of our common stock.

1518


RISKS RELATED TO REGULATORY COMPLIANCE

We might fail to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT, and may be required to pay federal income taxes at corporate rates.rates, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock.
Although we believe that we will remain organized and will continue to operate so as to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we might fail to remain qualified. Qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes isare governed by highly technical and complex provisions of the Internal Revenue Code for which there are only limited judicial or administrative interpretations and depends on various facts and circumstances that are not entirely within our control. In addition, legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions may significantly change the relevant tax laws and/or the federal income tax consequences of qualifying as a REIT. If, with respect to any taxable year, we fail to maintain our qualification as a REIT and do not qualify under statutory relief provisions, we could not deduct distributions to stockholders in computing our taxable income and would have to pay federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. The federal income tax payable would include any applicable alternative minimum tax. If we had to pay federal income tax, the amount of money available to distribute to stockholders and pay our indebtedness would be reduced for the year or years involved, and we would no longernot be required to make distributions to stockholders in that taxable year and in future years until we were able to qualify as a REIT and did so. In addition, we would also be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost, unless we were entitled to relief under the relevant statutory provisions.
Our failure to qualify as a REIT could adversely affect our business and the value of our common stock.
We may face possible adverse federal tax audits and changes in federal tax laws, which may result in an increase in our tax liability.
In the normal course of business, certain entities through which we own real estate either have undergone or may undergo tax audits. Although we believe that we have substantial arguments in favor of our positions, in some instances there is no controlling precedent or interpretive guidance. There can be no assurance that audits will not occur with increased frequency or that the ultimate result of such audits will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
At any time, the U.S. federal income tax laws governing REITs or the administrative interpretations of those laws may be amended. We cannot predict if or when any new U.S. federal income tax law, regulation, or administrative interpretation, or any amendment to any existing U.S. federal income tax law, Treasury regulation or administrative interpretation, will be adopted, promulgated or become effective and any such law, regulation, or interpretation may take effect retroactively. Alexander’s, its taxable REIT subsidiaries, and our security holders could be adversely affected by any such change in, or any new, U.S. federal income tax law, Treasury regulation or administrative interpretation.
We may face possible adverse state and local tax audits and changes in state and local tax law.
Because we are organized and qualify as a REIT, we are generally not subject to federal income taxes, but we are subject to certain state and local taxes. In the normal course of business, certain entities through which we own real estate have undergone, tax audits. There can be no assurance that future audits will not occur with increased frequency or that the ultimate result of such audits will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
From time-to-time changes in state and local tax laws or regulations are enacted, which may result in an increase in our tax liability. A shortfall in tax revenues for states and municipalities in which we operate may lead to an increase in the frequency and size of such changes in laws, regulations and administration of property and transfer taxes. If such changes occur, we may be required to pay additional taxes on our assets or income. These increased tax costs could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and the amount of cash available to pay our indebtedness and make distributions to our stockholders.

Compliance or failure to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) or other safety regulations and requirements could result in substantial costs.
The ADA generally requires that public buildings, including our properties, meet certain Federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Noncompliance could result in the imposition of fines by the Federal government or the award of damages to private litigants and/or legal fees to their counsel. If, under the ADA, we are required to make substantial alterations and capital expenditures in one or more of our properties, including the removal of access barriers, it could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations, as well as the amount of cash available for distribution to stockholders.
Our properties are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety requirements. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur fines or private damage awards. We do not know whether existing requirements will change or whether compliance with future requirements will require significant unanticipated expenditures that will affect our cash flow and results of operations.


19



We may incur significant costs to comply with environmental laws and environmental contamination may impair our ability to lease and/or sell real estate.
Our operations and properties are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations concerning the protection of the environment, including air and water quality, hazardous or toxic substances and health and safety. Under some environmental laws, a current or previous owner or operator of real estate may be required to investigate and clean up hazardous or toxic substances released at a property. The owner or operator may also be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage or personal injuries and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred by those parties because of the contamination. These laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of the release of the substances or caused the release. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination may also impair our ability to sell or lease real estate or to borrow using the real estate as collateral. Other laws and regulations govern indoor and outdoor air quality including those that can require the abatement or removal of asbestos-containing materials in the event of damage, demolition, renovation or remodeling and govern emissions of and exposure to asbestos fibers in the air. The maintenance and removal of lead paint and certain electrical equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are also regulated by federal and state laws. We are also subject to risks associated with human exposure to chemical or biological contaminants such as molds, pollens, viruses and bacteria which, above certain levels, can be alleged to be connected to allergic or other health effects and symptoms in susceptible individuals. We could incur fines for environmental compliance and be held liable for the costs of remedial action with respect to the foregoing regulated substances or related claims arising out of environmental contamination or human exposure to contamination at or from our properties.
Each of our properties has been subjected to varying degrees of environmental assessment. To date, these environmental assessments have not revealed any environmental condition material to our business. However, identification of new compliance concerns or undiscovered areas of contamination, changes in the extent or known scope of contamination, human exposure to contamination or changes in clean-up or compliance requirements could result in significant costs to us.
In addition, we may become subject to costs or taxes, or increases therein, associated with natural resource or energy usage (such as a “carbon tax”).  These costs or taxes could increase our operating costs and decrease the cash available to pay our obligations or distribute to stockholders.


16


We face risks associated with our tenants being designated “Prohibited Persons” by the Office of Foreign Assets Control and similar requirements. 
Pursuant to Executive Order 13224 and other laws, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”) maintains a list of persons designated as terrorists or who are otherwise blocked or banned (“Prohibited Persons”) from conducting business or engaging in transactions in the United States and thereby restricts our doing business with such persons. In addition, our leases, loans and other agreements may require us to comply with OFAC and related requirements, and any failure to do so may result in a breach of such agreements.  If a tenant or other party with whom we conduct business is placed on the OFAC list or is otherwise a party with whom we are prohibited from doing business, we may be required to terminate the lease or other agreement or face other penalties.  Any such termination could result in a loss of revenue or otherwise negatively affect our financial results and cash flows.

We may face possible adverse state and local tax audits and changes in state and local tax law.
Because we are organized and qualify as a REIT, we are generally not subject to federal income taxes, but we are subject to certain state and local taxes. In the normal course of business, certain entities through which we own real estate have undergone tax audits. There can be no assurance that future audits will not occur with increased frequency or that the ultimate result of such audits will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

From time to time changes in state and local tax laws or regulations are enacted, which may result in an increase in our tax liability. A shortfall in tax revenues for states and municipalities in which we operate may lead to an increase in the frequency and size of such changes. If such changes occur, we may be required to pay additional taxes on our assets or income. These increased tax costs could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and the amount of cash available for the payment of dividends and distributions to our stockholders.

Compliance or failure to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) or other safety regulations and requirements could result in substantial costs.

The ADA generally requires that public buildings, including our properties, meet certain Federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons.  Noncompliance could result in the imposition of fines by the Federal government or the award of damages to private litigants and/or legal fees to their counsel.  If, under the ADA, we are required to make substantial alterations and capital expenditures in one or more of our properties, including the removal of access barriers, it could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations, as well as the amount of cash available for distribution to stockholders.

Our properties are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety requirements.  If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur fines or private damage awards.  We do not know whether existing requirements will change or whether compliance with future requirements will require significant unanticipated expenditures that will affect our cash flow and results of operations.


17


GENERAL RISKS

The occurrence of cyber incidents, or a deficiency in our cyber security, as well as other disruptions of our IT networks and related systems, could negatively impact our business by causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information, and/or damage to our business relationships or reputation, all of which could negatively impact our financial results.
We face risks associated with security breaches, whether through cyber attacks or cyber intrusions over the Internet, malware, computer viruses, attachments to e-mails, persons who access our systems from inside or outside our organization, and other significant disruptions of our IT networks and related systems. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber attack or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Although we have not experienced cyber incidents that are individually, or in the aggregate, material, we have experienced cyber attacks in the past, which have thus far been mitigated by preventative, detective, and responsive measures that we have put in place. Our IT networks and related systems are essential to the operation of our business and our ability to perform day-to-day operations (including managing our building systems) and, in some cases, may be critical to the operations of certain of our tenants. Although we make efforts to maintain the security and integrity of these types of IT networks and related systems, and we have implemented various measures to manage the risk of a security breach or disruption, there can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. Unauthorized parties, whether within or outside our company, may disrupt or gain access to our systems, or those of third parties with whom we do business, through human error, misfeasance, fraud, trickery, or other forms of deceit, including break-ins, use of stolen credentials, social engineering, phishing, computer viruses or other malicious codes, and similar means of unauthorized and destructive tampering. Even the most well protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because the techniques used in such attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases are designed to not be detected and, in fact, may not be detected. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures, and thus it is impossible for us to entirely mitigate this risk.
A security breach or other significant disruption involving our IT networks and related systems could disrupt the proper functioning of our networks and systems and therefore our operations and/or those of certain of our tenants; result in the unauthorized access to, and destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of, proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information of ours or others, which others could use to compete against us or which could expose us to damage claims by third-parties for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes; result in our inability to maintain the building systems relied upon by our tenants for the efficient use of their leased space; require significant management attention and resources to remedy any damages that result; subject us to litigation claims for breach of contract, damages, credits, fines, penalties, governmental investigations and enforcement actions or termination of leases or other agreements; or damage our reputation among our tenants and investors generally. Any or all of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
A cyber attack or systems failure could interfere with our ability to comply with financial reporting requirements, which could adversely affect us. A cyber attack could also compromise the confidential information of our employees, tenants, customers and vendors. A successful attack could disrupt and materially affect our business operations, including damaging relationships with tenants, customers and vendors. Any compromise of our information security systems could also result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, significant legal and financial exposure, damage to our reputation, loss or misuse of the information (which may be confidential, proprietary and/or commercially sensitive in nature) and a loss of confidence in our security measures, which could harm our business.


18


Capital markets and economic conditions can materially affect our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations as well as the value of an investment in our debt and equity securities.

There are many factors that can affect the value of our equity securities and any debt securities we may issue in the future, including the state of the capital markets and economy.  Demand for office and retail space typically declines nationwide due to an economic downturn, bankruptcies, downsizing, layoffs and cost cutting.  Government action or inaction may adversely affect the state of the capital markets.  The cost and availability of credit may be adversely affected by illiquid credit markets and wider credit spreads, which may adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition, including our results of operations, and the liquidity and financial condition of our tenants.  Our inability or the inability of our tenants to timely refinance maturing liabilities and access the capital markets to meet liquidity needs may materially affect our financial condition and results of operations and the value of our equity securities and any debt securities we may issue in the future.
Some of our potential losses may not be covered by insurance.
We maintain general liability insurance with limits of $300,000,000 per occurrence and per property, of which the first $1,000,000 includes communicable disease coverage, and all-risk property and rental value insurance coverage with limits of $1.7 billion per occurrence, including coverage for acts of terrorism, with sub-limits for certain perils such as floods and earthquakes on each of our properties and excluding communicable disease coverage.
Fifty Ninth Street Insurance Company, LLC (“FNSIC”), our wholly owned consolidated subsidiary, acts as a direct insurer for coverage for acts of terrorism, including nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological (“NBCR”) acts, as defined by the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002, as amended to date and which has been extended through December 2027. Coverage for acts of terrorism (including NBCR acts) is up to $1.7 billion per occurrence and in the aggregate. Coverage for acts of terrorism (excluding NBCR acts) is fully reinsured by third party insurance companies and the Federal government with no exposure to FNSIC. For NBCR acts, FNSIC is responsible for a $275,000 deductible and 20% of the balance of a covered loss, and the Federal government is responsible for the remaining 80% of a covered loss. We are ultimately responsible for any loss incurred by FNSIC.
We continue to monitor the state of the insurance market and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism or other events. However, we cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in the future. We are responsible for uninsured losses and for deductibles and losses in excess of our insurance coverage, which could be material.
The principal amounts of our mortgage loans are non-recourse to us and the loans contain customary covenants requiring us to maintain insurance. Although we believe that we have adequate insurance coverage for purposes of these agreements, we may not be able to obtain an equivalent amount of coverage at reasonable costs in the future. If lenders insist on greater coverage than we are able to obtain, it could adversely affect our ability to finance or refinance our properties.

19


Changes in the method pursuant to which the LIBOR rates are determined and phasing out of LIBOR after 2021 may affect our financial results.
The chief executive of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), which regulates the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), announced that the FCA intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. In response, the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York organized the Alternative Reference Rates Committee which identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as its preferred alternative to USD-LIBOR in derivatives and other financial contracts. In November 2020, the ICE Benchmark Administration Limited, the benchmark administrator for USD LIBOR rates, proposed extending the publication of certain commonly used USD LIBOR settings until June 30, 2023 and the FCA issued a statement supporting such proposal. In connection with this proposal, certain U.S. banking regulators issued guidance strongly encouraging banks to generally cease entering into new contracts referencing USD LIBOR as soon as practicable and in any event by December 31, 2021. It is not possible to predict the effect of these changes, including when LIBOR will cease to be available or when there will be sufficient liquidity in the SOFR markets.

We have outstanding debt with variable rates based on LIBOR. In the transition from the use of LIBOR to SOFR or other alternatives, the level of interest payments we incur may change. In addition, although certain of our LIBOR based obligations provide for alternative methods of calculating the related interest rate payable (including transition to an alternative benchmark rate) if LIBOR is not reported, uncertainty as to the extent and manner of future changes may result in interest rates and/or payments that are higher than, lower than or that do not otherwise correlate over time with the interest rates and/or payments that would have been made on our obligations if LIBOR was available in its current form. Use of alternative interest rates or other LIBOR reforms could result in increased volatility or a tightening of credit markets which could adversely affect our ability to obtain cost-effective financing. In addition, the transition of our existing LIBOR financing agreements to alternative benchmarks may result in unanticipated changes to the overall interest rate paid on our liabilities.

ITEM 1B.     UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
There are no unresolved comments from the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

20


ITEM 1C.  CYBERSECURITY
Risk Management and Strategy
Our comprehensive risk management strategy for the assessment, identification and management of material risks stemming from cybersecurity threats is aligned with Vornado’s strategy as the Company’s manager, which involves a systematic evaluation of potential threats, vulnerabilities, and their potential impacts on our organization’s operations, data, and systems.
Our manager’s cybersecurity risk management program, which is subject to our oversight, is integrated into our overall enterprise risk management program, and shares common methodologies, reporting channels and governance processes that apply across the enterprise risk management program, including legal, compliance, strategic, operational, and financial risk areas.
The cybersecurity risk management program includes:
Risk assessments designed to help identify material cybersecurity risks to our critical systems, information, and broader enterprise IT environment;
A team principally responsible for managing (i) cybersecurity risk assessment processes, (ii) security controls and (iii) response to cybersecurity incidents;
The use of external service providers, where appropriate, to assess, test or otherwise assist with aspects of security controls;
Cybersecurity awareness training for users and senior management, including through the use of third-party providers for regular mandatory trainings;
A cybersecurity incident response plan that includes procedures for responding to cybersecurity incidents; and
A risk management process for third-party service providers, suppliers and vendors, which includes a rigorous vetting process and ongoing monitoring mechanisms designed to ensure their compliance with cybersecurity standards.
As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we are not aware of any cybersecurity incidents, that have had a materially adverse effect on our operations, business, results of operations, or financial condition.
Governance
Our Board of Directors considers cybersecurity risk as part of its risk oversight function and has delegated to the Audit Committee (the “Committee”) oversight of cybersecurity and other information technology risks. The Committee oversees the implementation of the cybersecurity risk management program.
The Committee receives periodic reports from management on potential cybersecurity risks and threats and receives presentations on cybersecurity topics from Vornado’s Chief Information Officer. The Committee reports to the full Board of Directors regarding its activities, including those related to cybersecurity. The full Board of Directors also receives briefings from management on the cybersecurity risk management program as needed.
Management, along with Vornado’s Chief Information Officer, is responsible for assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity threats. Management and Vornado’s Chief Information Officer have primary responsibility for our overall cybersecurity risk management program and supervise both the internal cybersecurity personnel and external cybersecurity consultants. Vornado’s Chief Information Officer has many years of experience leading cybersecurity oversight and overall has broad, extensive experience with information technology, including security, auditing, compliance, systems and programming.
The management team supervises efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate, and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include briefings from internal security personnel; threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants; and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in the IT environment. Our cybersecurity incident response plan governs our assessment and response upon the occurrence of a material cybersecurity incident, including the process for informing senior management and our Board of Directors.
21


ITEM 2.     PROPERTIES
The following table shows the location, ownership, approximate size (excluding parking garages) and occupancy of each of our properties as of December 31, 2020.2023.
  Square Feet Weighted  
Under
  Square Feet Weighted    
UnderAverage
   Development OrIn ServiceEscalated  Lease Expiration(s) 
 LandTotalNot AvailableOccupancyAnnual  OriginalOption  LandTotalInNot AvailableOccupancyAnnual Expiration
PropertyPropertyAcreagePropertyIn ServiceFor LeaseRate
Rent PSF (1)
Tenants
Term (2)
Term (3)
PropertyAcreagePropertyServicefor LeaseRate
Rent PSF (1)
Tenants
Date (2)
Operating Properties:Operating Properties:         Operating Properties:     
731 Lexington Avenue731 Lexington Avenue        731 Lexington Avenue     
New York, NY         New York, NY     
Office 920,000 920,000 — 100%$130.00 Bloomberg L.P.20292039  Office 939,000 939,000 939,000 — — 100.0 100.0 %$135.44 Bloomberg L.P.Bloomberg L.P.2029
Retail 83,000 83,000 —    The Home Depot20252035 
  34,000 34,000 —    The Container Store2021N/A 
  38,000 38,000 —    VariousVariousVarious Retail 83,000 83,000 83,000 — —   The Home Depot2025
45,000 45,000 45,000 — VariousVarious
  12,000 12,000 —  VacantN/A
  155,000 155,000 — 93%278.46       140,000 140,000 140,000 — — 90.3 90.3 %252.89   
 1.91,075,000 1,075,000 —         1.91,079,000 1,079,000 1,079,000 — — 98.9 98.9 %147.65   
Rego Park IRego Park I        
Rego Park I
Rego Park I     
Queens, NY     
112,000 112,000 112,000 — IKEA (3)2024
Queens, NY            50,000 50,000 50,000 — —   Burlington2027
112,000 112,000 — IKEA2025(4)2030   36,000 36,000 36,000 — —   Marshalls2032
  50,000 50,000 —    Burlington2027N/A    16,000 16,000 16,000 — —   Old Navy2024
124,000 124,000 — 124,000 VacantN/A
  46,000 46,000 —    Bed Bath & Beyond2026N/A   4.8338,000 214,000 214,000 124,000 124,000 100.0 100.0 %53.08   
  36,000 36,000 —    Marshalls2032N/A 
  16,000 16,000 —    Old Navy2022N/A 
78,000 — 78,000 (5)N/AN/A
 4.8338,000 260,000 78,000 100%53.58    
Rego Park II
Rego Park II
Rego Park IIRego Park II             
Queens, NY         Queens, NY     
  145,000 145,000 —    Costco20342059    145,000 145,000 145,000 — —   Costco2034
  135,000 135,000 —    
      Century 21 (6)
20312051    133,000 133,000 133,000 — —     Kohl’s (4)2031
  133,000 133,000 —    
        Kohl’s (7)
20312051    194,000 194,000 194,000 — —   Various
  196,000 196,000 —    VariousVariousVarious    144,000 144,000 144,000 — —   VacantN/A
 6.6609,000 609,000 — 96%59.73     6.6616,000 616,000 616,000 — — 76.9 76.9 %70.28   
Flushing
Flushing
Flushing
Queens, NY (5)1.0167,000 167,000 — 100.0 %32.82 New World Mall LLC2037
2,200,000
The Alexander apartment
tower, 312 units
The Alexander apartment
tower, 312 units
The Alexander apartment tower, 312 unitsThe Alexander apartment tower, 312 units             
Queens, NY255,000 255,000 — 82%
     46.26 (8)
Residential(9)N/A  Queens, NY255,000 255,000 255,000 — — 95.2 95.2 %49.35 (6)(6)Residential(7)
  2,455,000 2,331,000 2,331,000 124,000 124,000     
Paramus        
Paramus, NJ30.3— — — 100% IKEA (ground lessee)2041(10)N/A 
Flushing        
Queens, NY (11)
1167,000 167,000 — 100%32.09 New World Mall LLC20272037 
Property to be Developed:       
Rego Park III, adjacent to Rego Park II        
Queens, NY3.2— — —   
  2,444,000 2,366,000 78,000       
(1)
(1)
(1)(1)Represents the weighted average escalated annual rent per square foot, which includes tenant reimbursements and excludes the impact of tenant concessions (such as free rent), as of December 31, 2020.  For a discussion of our leasing activity, see Item 7 - Overview - Square Footage, Occupancy and Leasing Activity.Represents the weighted average escalated annual rent per square foot, which includes tenant reimbursements and excludes the impact of tenant concessions (such as free rent), as of December 31, 2023.  For a discussion of our leasing activity, see Item 7 - Overview - Square Footage, Occupancy and Leasing Activity.
(2)(2)Represents the year in which the tenant’s lease expires, without consideration of any renewal or extension options. Lease expiration dates are based on non-cancelable lease terms and do not extend beyond any early termination rights that the tenant may have under its lease.(2)Represents the year in which the tenant’s lease expires, without consideration of any renewal or extension options. Lease expiration dates are based on non-cancelable lease terms and do not extend beyond any early termination rights that the tenant may have under its lease.
(3)(3)Represents the year in which the tenant’s lease expires if all renewal or extension options are exercised.(3)On December 3, 2022, IKEA closed its 112,000 square foot store at our Rego Park I property under a lease that was set to expire in December 2030. The lease included a right to terminate effective no earlier than March 16, 2026, subject to payment of rent through the termination date and an additional termination payment equal to the lesser of $10,000,000 or the amount of rent due under the remaining term. On September 27, 2023, we entered into a lease modification agreement with IKEA which accelerates its lease termination date to April 1, 2024. Under the lease modification agreement, IKEA will pay its remaining rent due through March 16, 2026 and the $10,000,000 termination payment over the modified lease term.
(4)(4)IKEA has the option to terminate its lease after the fifth year of the lease term subject to payment to us of the lesser of $10,000,000 or the amount of rent due under the remaining term.(4)Subleased through remaining original lease term.
(5)(5)Formerly occupied by Sears. Currently out of service due to redevelopment.(5)Ground leased through January 2027 with one 10-year extension option.
(6)(6)On September 10, 2020, Century 21 filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and closed its store on December 7, 2020.(6)Average monthly rent per unit is $3,394.
(7)(7)Subleased through remaining original lease term.(7)Residential tenants generally have one or two year leases.
(8)Average monthly rent per unit is $3,212.
(9)Residential tenants have one or two year leases.
(10)IKEA’s lease has a purchase option in October 2021.
(11)Ground leased through January 2027 with one 10-year extension option.
2122


Operating Properties
 731 Lexington Avenue
731 Lexington Avenue, a 1,323,0001,079,000 square foot multi-use building, comprisescomprising the entire block bounded by Lexington Avenue, East 59th Street, Third Avenue and East 58th Street in Manhattan, New York, and is situated in the heart of one of Manhattan’s busiest business and shopping districts, with convenient access to several subway and bus lines. The property is located across the street from Bloomingdale’s flagship storebuilding contains 939,000 and only a few blocks away from Fifth Avenue and 57140,000 ofth Street.  The building contains 920,000 and 155,000 of net rentable square feet of office and retail space, respectively, which we own, and 248,000 square feet of residential space consisting of 105 condominium units, which we sold.respectively. Bloomberg occupies all of the office space. The Home Depot (83,000 square feet) is the principal retail tenant.
The office portion of 731 Lexington Avenue is encumbered by a mortgage loan with a balance of $500,000,000 which matures in June 2021, with three one-year unilateral extension options.2024. The interest-only loan iswas at LIBOR plus0.90% (1.06%through July 15, 2023 and currently bears interest at the Prime Rate (8.50% as of December 31, 2020).2023) through loan maturity. In connection therewith,June 2023, we purchased an interest rate cap with a notional amount of $500,000,000 that capsfor $11,258,000, which capped LIBOR at a rate of 6.0%. 6.00% through July 15, 2023 and caps the Prime Rate at 6.00% through loan maturity.
The retail portion of 731 Lexington Avenue is encumbered by a mortgage loan with a balancebalance of $300,000,000 whichwhich matures in August 2025. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 1.40% (1.55% as of December 31, 2020)SOFR plus 1.51% which is subjectwas swapped to an interest rate swap with a fixed rate of 1.72%.
1.76% through May 2025.
Rego Park I
Rego Park I, a 338,000 square foot shopping center, is located on Queens Boulevard and 63rd63rd Road in Queens, New York. The center is anchored by a 112,000 square foot IKEA, a 50,000 square foot Burlington a 46,000 square foot Bed Bath & Beyond and a 36,000 square foot Marshalls. The center contains a parking deck (1,241 spaces) that provides for paid parking.
On December 3, 2022, IKEA closed its 112,000 square foot store at our Rego Park I property under a lease that was set to expire in December 2030. The lease included a right to terminate effective no earlier than March 16, 2026, subject to payment of rent through the termination date and an additional termination payment equal to the lesser of $10,000,000 or the amount of rent due under the remaining term. On September 27, 2023, we entered into a lease modification agreement with IKEA which accelerates its lease termination date to April 1, 2024. Under the lease modification agreement, IKEA will pay its remaining rent due through March 16, 2026 and the $10,000,000 termination payment over the modified lease term.
On April 23, 2023, Bed Bath & Beyond ($1,533,000 of annual revenue) filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and its 46,000 square foot lease at the property was rejected in the bankruptcy proceedings on July 31, 2023.
Rego Park II
Rego Park II, a 609,000616,000 square foot shopping center, is located adjacent to the Rego Park I shopping center in Queens, New York. The center is anchored by a 145,000 square foot Costco and a 133,000 squaresquare foot Kohl’s, which has been subleased. On September 10, 2020, Century 21 ($6,400,000 of annual revenue) filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and closed its 135,000 square foot store on December 7, 2020. The center contains a parking deck (1,326 spaces)(1,326 spaces) that provides for paid parking.

This center is encumbered by a mortgage loan in the amount of $252,544,000$202,544,000 which matures in December 2025. The interest-only loan is at LIBORSOFR plus 1.35% (1.50%1.45% (6.80% as of December 31, 2020)2023). As of December 31, 2020,In connection therewith, we havepurchased an interest rate cap with a participation in the mortgage in thenotional amount of $50,000,000 which for GAAP purposes is netted against the mortgage balance. Therefore, the balance sheet amount of the mortgage loan is $202,544,000.

The Alexander Apartment Tower

The Alexander apartment tower, located above our Rego Park II shopping center, contains 312 units aggregating 255,000 square feet.
The property is encumbered by$202,544,000 that caps SOFR at a mortgage loan in the amount of $94,000,000 which matures in November 2027. The interest-only loan has a fixed rate of 2.63%.
22


4.15% through November 2024. 
Operating Properties - continued

Paramus

We own 30.3 acres of land located at the intersection of Routes 4 and 17 in Paramus, New Jersey.  The land is located directly across from the Garden State Plaza regional shopping mall and is within two miles of three other regional shopping malls and ten miles of New York City.  The land has been ground leased to IKEA since 2001.  The lease expires in 2041, with a purchase option in October 2021 for $75,000,000.  The property is encumbered by a $68,000,000 interest-only mortgage loan with a fixed rate of 4.72%, which matures in October 2021.  The annual triple-net rent is the sum of $700,000 plus the amount of interest on the mortgage loan. If the purchase option is exercised, we will receive net cash proceeds of approximately $7,000,000 and recognize a gain on sale of land of approximately $60,000,000.  If the purchase option is not exercised, the triple-net rent for the last 20 years would include debt service sufficient to fully amortize $68,000,000 over the remaining 20-year lease term.
Flushing
Our Flushing property is located on Roosevelt Avenue and Main Street in the downtown, commercial section of Flushing, Queens, New York. Roosevelt Avenue and Main Street are active shopping districts and there are many national retailers located in the area. A subway entrance is located directly in front of the property with bus service across the street. The property comprises a four-floor building containing 167,000 square feet and a parking garage, which is sub-leasedsubleased to New World Mall LLC for the remainder of ourthrough January 2037. The property is ground lease term, which expires inleased through January 2027 and haswith one 10-year extension option.
The Alexander Apartment Tower
Property to be Developed
Rego Park III
We own a 140,000 square foot land parcel adjacent to theThe Alexander apartment tower, located above our Rego Park II shopping center, contains 312 units aggregating 255,000 square feet.
The property is encumbered by a mortgage loan in Queens, New York, at the intersectionamount of Junction Boulevard and the Horace Harding Service Road.$94,000,000 which matures in November 2027. The land is currently being used for paid public parking. In 2016, the Company started the entitlement process.


interest-only loan has a fixed rate of 2.63%.
23


ITEM 3.        LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are from time to timetime-to-time involved in legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business.  In our opinion, after consultation with our legal counsel, the outcome of such pending matters will not have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. 
In June 2014, Sears Roebuck and Co. (“Sears”) filed a lawsuit in the Supreme Court of the State of New York against Vornado and us (and certain of our subsidiaries) with regard to the 195,000 square foot store that Sears formerly leased at our Rego Park I property alleging that the defendants are liable for harm that Sears has suffered as a result of (a) water intrusions into the premises, (b) two fires in February 2014 that caused damages to those premises, and (c) alleged violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act in the premises’ parking garage. Sears asserted various causes of actions for damages and sought to compel compliance with landlord’s obligations to repair the premises and to provide security, and to compel us to abate a nuisance that Sears claims was a cause of the water intrusions into its premises. In addition to injunctive relief, Sears sought, among other things, damages of not less than $4,000,000 and future damages it estimated would not be less than $25,000,000. In March 2016, Sears withdrew its claim for future damages leaving a remaining claim for property damages, which we estimate to be approximately $650,000 based on information provided by Sears. We intend to defend the remaining claim vigorously. The amount or range of reasonably possible losses, if any, is not expected to be greater than $650,000. On October 15, 2018, Sears filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy relief resulting in an automatic stay of this case.

ITEM 4.        MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
24


PART II
 
ITEM 5.    MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “ALX.” 
  
As of January 31, 2021,2024, there were 206181 holders of record of our common stock.

 
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
 
None.
 
Information relating to compensation plans under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance is set forth under Part III, Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and such information is incorporated by reference herein.
 
Recent Purchases of Equity Securities
 
None.


25
24


Performance Graph
 
The following graph is a comparison of the five-year cumulative return of our common stock, the Standard & Poor’s 400 MidCap Index (the “S&P 400 MidCap Index”), Standard & Poor’s 500 Index (the “S&P 500 Index”), and the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts’ (“NAREIT”) All Equity Index, a peer group index.  The graph assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 20152018 in our common stock, the S&P 400 MidCap Index, the S&P 500 Index, and the NAREIT All Equity Index and that all dividends were reinvested without the payment of any commissions.  There can be no assurance that the performance of our stock will continue in line with the same or similar trends depicted in the graph below.

alx-20201231_g1.jpgGraph Screenshot 2.8.24.jpg

  201520162017201820192020
Alexander’s$100 $116 $112 $90 $103 $92 
S&P 500 Index100 112 136 130 171 203 
The NAREIT All Equity Index100 109 118 113 146 138 

  201820192020202120222023
Alexander’s, Inc.$100 $114 $102 $102 `$93 $99 
S&P 400 MidCap Index100 126 143 179 156 181 
S&P 500 Index100 131 156 200 164 207 
The NAREIT All Equity Index100 129 122 172 129 144 
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

None.RESERVED

2625


ITEM 7.   MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
OverviewIntroduction

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) within this section is focused on the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, including year-to-year comparisons between these years. Our MD&A for the year ended December 31, 2021, including year-to-year comparisons between 2022 and 2021, can be found in Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Overview
Alexander’s, Inc. (NYSE: ALX) is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), incorporated in Delaware, engaged in leasing, managing, developing and redeveloping its properties. All references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company” and “Alexander’s” refer to Alexander’s, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. We are managed by, and our properties are leased and developed by, Vornado Realty Trust (“Vornado”) (NYSE: VNO). We have sevenfive properties in the greater New York City metropolitan area.
City.
We compete with a large number of real estate investors, property owners and developers.developers, some of whom may be willing to accept lower returns on their investments. Our success depends upon, among other factors, trends of the global, national and local economies, the financial condition and operating results of current and prospective tenants and customers, the availability and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, taxes, governmental regulations, legislation, population and employment trends, zoning laws, and our ability to lease, sublease or sell our properties, at profitable levels. Our success is also subject to our ability to refinance existing debt on acceptable terms as it comes due.

In January 2021, the SEC issued Final Rule Release No. 33-10890, Management’s Discussion and Analysis, Selected Financial Data, and Supplementary Financial Information. This rule, which became effective on February 10, 2021, adopts amendments to modernize, simplify and enhance certain financial disclosure requirements in Regulation S-K. Specifically, the amendments eliminate the requirement for Selected Financial Data, streamline the requirement to disclose Supplementary Financial Information, and amend our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”). We early adopted the amendments to two items resulting in the elimination of Item 301, Selected Financial Data, and the omission of Item 302(a), Supplementary Financial Information. The amendments to Item 303(a)(b) MD&A, will be adopted in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

COVID-19 Pandemic
Our business has been adversely affected by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2020, our “non-essential” retail tenants were ordered to temporarily close and although substantially all re-opened in the latter part of June 2020, there are limitations on occupancy and other restrictions that affect their ability to resume full operations.
In limited circumstances, we have agreed to and may continue to agree to rent deferrals and abatements for certain of our tenants. We have made the policy election available to us based on the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) guidance for leases during the COVID-19 pandemic, which allows us to continue recognizing rental revenue for rent deferral agreements and to recognize rent abatements as a reduction to rental revenue in the period granted. See Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our consolidated financial statements“Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.information regarding these factors.
Overall, weOur business has been, and may continue to be, affected by the increase in inflation and interest rates, and other uncertainties including the potential for an economic downturn. These factors could have collected approximately 95% of rent billed for the quarter ended December 31, 2020 (96% including rent deferrals under agreements which generally require repayment in monthly installments over a period of time not to exceed twelve months), including 100% for our office tenant, approximately 90% for our retail tenants (91% including rent deferrals) and approximately 98% for our residential tenants.
On September 10, 2020, Century 21, which leased 135,000 square feet at our Rego Park II shopping center ($6,400,000 of annual revenue), filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and closed its store on December 7, 2020.
Basedmaterial impact on our assessmentbusiness, financial condition, results of the probability of collecting rent from certain tenants, we have written off as uncollectible tenant receivables of $4,122,000 during the year ended December 31, 2020, resulting in a reduction of rental revenues. Of this amount, $2,716,000 is attributable to Century 21. In addition, we have written off receivables arising from the straight-lining of rents related to these tenants of $10,837,000 during the year ended December 31 2020, resulting in a reduction of rental revenues. Of this amount, $5,919,000 is attributable to Century 21. Prospectively, revenue recognition for these tenants will be based on actual amounts received.
operations and cash flows.

2726


Overview - continued
Year Ended December 31, 20202023 Financial Results Summary
Net income for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $41,939,0002023 was $102,413,000 or $8.19$19.97 per diluted share, compared to $60,075,000,$57,632,000 or $11.74$11.24 per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2019.2022. Net income for the year ended December 31, 2023 included $53,952,000, or $10.52 per diluted share, of income as a result of a net gain on the sale of real estate.

Funds from operations (“FFO”) (non-GAAP) for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $82,509,000,2023 was $81,067,000, or $16.11 per$15.80 per diluted share, compared to $99,670,000,$87,090,000, or $19.47$16.99 per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Quarter Ended December 31, 2020 Financial Results Summary
Net income for the quarter ended December 31, 2020 was $18,432,000, or $3.60 per diluted share, compared to $14,434,000, or $2.82 per diluted share for the quarter ended December 31, 2019.

FFO (non-GAAP) for the quarter ended December 31, 2020 was $25,407,000, or $4.96 per diluted share, compared to $24,626,000, or $4.81 per diluted share for the quarter ended December 31, 2019.

2022.
Square Footage, Occupancy and Leasing Activity
As of December 31, 2020,2023, our portfolio was comprised of sevenfive properties aggregating 2,444,0002,455,000 square feet. The commercial occupancy rate was 92.6% and the residential occupancy rate was 95.2%.
On December 3, 2022, IKEA closed its 112,000 square feet, of which 2,366,000 square feet was in service and 78,000 square feet (a portion offoot store at our Rego Park I shopping center)property under a lease that was outset to expire in December 2030. The lease included a right to terminate effective no earlier than March 16, 2026, subject to payment of servicerent through the termination date and an additional termination payment equal to the lesser of $10,000,000 or the amount of rent due under the remaining term. On September 27, 2023, we entered into a lease modification agreement with IKEA which accelerates its lease termination date to redevelopment. The in service square feet was 97% occupied as of December 31, 2020.
Financing Activity
April 1, 2024. Under the lease modification agreement, IKEA will pay its remaining rent due through March 16, 2026 and the $10,000,000 termination payment over the modified lease term.
On February 14, 2020, we reduced our participation inApril 23, 2023, Bed Bath & Beyond ($1,533,000 of annual revenue) filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and its 46,000 square foot lease at our Rego Park II shopping center loan to $50,000,000 and received cash proceeds of approximately $145,000,000.
On September 14, 2020, we amended and extended the $350,000,000 mortgage loan on the retail condominium of our 731 Lexington Avenue property. Under the terms of the amendment, we paid down the loan by $50,000,000 to $300,000,000, extended the maturity date to August 2025 and guaranteed the interest payments and certain leasing costs. The principal of the loan is non-recourse to us. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 1.40% (1.55% as of December 31, 2020) which is subject to an interest rate swap with a fixed rate of 1.72%.
On October 23, 2020, we completed a financing of The Alexander apartment towerI property was rejected in the amount of $94,000,000. The interest-only loan has a fixed rate of 2.63% and matures in November 2027.

bankruptcy proceedings on July 31, 2023.
Significant Tenant

Bloomberg accounted for revenuerevenue of $109,066,000, $109,113,000,$120,351,000, $115,129,000, and $107,356,000$113,140,000 in the years ended December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022 and 2018,2021, respectively, representing approximately 55%54%, 48% 56% and 46%55% of our totalrental revenues in each year, respectively.  No other tenant accounted for more than 10% of our totalrental revenues.  If we were to lose Bloomberg as a tenant, or if Bloomberg were to be unable to fulfill its obligations under its lease, it would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. In order to assist us in our continuing assessment of Bloomberg’s creditworthiness, we receive certain confidential financial information and metrics from Bloomberg.  In addition, we access and evaluate financial information regarding Bloomberg from other private sources, as well as publicly available data.
Disposition
On May 19, 2023, we sold the Rego Park III land parcel in Queens, New York, for $71,060,000 inclusive of consideration for Brownfield tax benefits and reimbursement of costs for plans, specifications and improvements to date. Net proceeds from the sale were $67,821,000 after closing costs and the financial statement gain was $53,952,000.
Financing
On June 9, 2023, we exercised our remaining one-year extension option on the $500,000,000 interest-only mortgage loan on the office condominium of our 731 Lexington Avenue property. The interest rate on the loan remained at LIBOR plus 0.90% through July 15, 2023 and currently bears interest at the Prime Rate (8.50% as of December 31, 2023) through loan maturity on June 11, 2024. In June 2023, we purchased an interest rate cap for $11,258,000, which capped LIBOR at 6.00% through July 15, 2023 and caps the Prime Rate at 6.00% through loan maturity.



27


Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Estimate
OurIn preparing the consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), which requires us to makewe have made estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. ActualAccounting estimates are deemed critical if they involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results could differ from those estimates.  Set forth belowof operations. Below is a summary of ourthe critical accounting policies that we believe are critical toestimate used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. This summary should be read in conjunction with a more completeA discussion of our accounting policies is included in Note 3 –2 - Summary of SignificantAccounting Policies to theour consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

28


Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - continued

Impairment Analyses for Real Estate
Real estate is carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization.  As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the carrying amount of our real estate, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, was $720,921,000 and $716,843,000, respectively.  Maintenance and repairs are generally expensed as incurred.  Depreciation requires an estimate by management of the useful life of each property and improvement as well as an allocation of the costs associated with a property to its various components. If we do not allocate these costs appropriately or incorrectly estimate the useful lives of our real estate, depreciation expense may be misstated. We capitalize all property operating expenses directly associated with and attributable to, the development and construction of a project, including interest expense. The capitalization period begins when development activities are underway and ends when it is determined that the asset is substantially complete and ready for its intended use, which is typically evidenced by the receipt of a temporary certificate of occupancy. General and administrative costs are expensed as incurred.

Our properties including properties to be developed in the future, are individually reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. An impairment exists when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset, including an estimated terminal value calculated using an appropriate capitalization rate.  Estimates of future cash flowsImpairment analyses are based on our current plans, intended holding periods, ability to hold, and available market information at the time the analyses are prepared. For our development properties,Assessing impairment can be complex and involves a high degree of subjectivity in determining if impairment indicators are present and in estimating the future undiscounted cash flows or the fair value of an asset. In particular, these estimates are sensitive to significant assumptions, including the estimation of future rental revenues, operating expenses, discount and capitalization rates and our intent and ability to hold the related asset, all of which could be affected by our expectations about future market or economic conditions. These estimates can have a significant impact on the undiscounted cash flows also include all future expenditures necessary to develop the asset, including interest payments that will be capitalized as part of the cost of the asset.  An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable and is measured based on the excess of the property’s carrying amount over itsor estimated fair value.  Ifvalue of an asset and could thereby affect the value of our estimatesreal estate on our consolidated balance sheets as well as any potential impairment losses recognized on our consolidated statements of future cash flows, anticipated holding periods, or fair values change, based on market conditions or otherwise, our evaluationincome.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 – Summary of impairment charges may be different and such differences could be materialSignificant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements.  Estimates of future cash flows are subjective and are based,statements in part,this Annual Report on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results.  Plans to hold properties over longer periods decrease the likelihood of recording impairment losses.
Revenue Recognition
Our rental revenues include revenues from the leasing of space to tenants at our properties and revenues from parking and tenant services. We have the following revenue recognition policies:
• Lease revenues from the leasing of space to tenants at our properties. Revenues derived from base rent are recognized over the non-cancelable term of the related leases onForm 10-K for a straight-line basis which includes the effects of rent steps and rent abatements. We commence rental revenue recognition when the underlying asset is available for use by the lessee. In addition, in circumstances where we provide a tenant improvement allowance for improvements that are owned by the tenant, we recognize the allowance as a reduction of rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Revenues derived from the reimbursement of real estate taxes, insurance expenses and common area maintenance expenses are generally recognized in the same period as the related expenses are incurred. As lessor, we have elected to combine the lease components (base and variable rent), non-lease components (reimbursements of common area maintenance expenses) and reimbursement of real estate taxes and insurance expenses from our operating lease agreements and account for the components as a single lease component in accordance with ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”).
• Parking revenue arising from the rental of parking spaces at our properties. This income is recognized as the services are transferred in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”).
•     Tenant services is revenue arising from sub-metered electric, elevator and other services provided to tenants at their request. This revenue is recognized as the services are transferred in accordance with ASC 606.
Under ASC 842, we must assess on an individual lease basis whether it is probable that we will collect substantially all of the future lease payments. We consider the tenant’s payment history and current credit status when assessing collectability. When collectability is not deemed probable, we write-off the tenant’s receivables, including straight-line rent receivable, and limit lease income to cash received. We recognize changes in the collectability assessment of our operating leases as adjustments to rental revenues.

discussion concerning recent accounting pronouncements.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - continued
Income Taxes
We operate in a manner intended to enable us to continue to qualify as a REIT under Sections 856 – 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).  In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Code, we must distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to stockholders each year.  We distribute to our stockholders 100% of our taxable income and therefore, no provision for Federal income taxes is required.  If we fail to distribute the required amount of income to our stockholders, or fail to meet other REIT requirements, we may fail to qualify as a REIT, which may result in substantial adverse tax consequences.

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Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 20202023 compared to December 31, 20192022
Rental Revenues
Rental revenues were $199,142,000$224,962,000 in the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, compared to $226,350,000$205,814,000 in the prior year, a decreasean increase of $27,208,000.$19,148,000. This decrease was primarily due to (i) $10,837,000$8,065,000 of higher straight-line rental revenue from the write-offIKEA’s lease modification, (ii) $4,184,000 of receivables arising from the straight-lininghigher reimbursable operating expenses and capital expenditures, (iii) $3,750,000 of rents from certainhigher real estate tax reimbursements due to higher real estate tax expense, and (iv) $3,359,000 of our retail tenants, of which $5,919,000 is attributablehigher revenue due to Century 21, (ii) $10,512,000 from retail tenant vacancies at our 731 Lexington Avenue property and (iii) $5,590,000leasing activity, partially offset by (v) $1,467,000 of lower rental income from certain of our retail tenants which were deemed uncollectible, of which $3,036,000 is attributable to Century 21.lease termination fee income.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses were $88,403,000$101,210,000 in the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, compared to $89,738,000$90,446,000 in the prior year, a decreasean increase of $1,335,000.$10,764,000. This decrease was primarily due to lowerhigher real estate tax expense and operating expenses, subject to recovery, including utilities and common area maintenance.
the impact of lower capitalized expenses during the current year.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization was $32,357,000$32,898,000 in the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, compared to $31,351,000$29,797,000 in the prior year, an increase of $1,006,000.$3,101,000. This increase iswas primarily due to higher depreciation expense on capital projects placed into service during the acceleration of amortization of deferred leasing costs related to Century 21 at our Rego Park II property.
current year.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses were $6,307,000$6,341,000 in the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, compared to $5,772,000$6,106,000 in the prior year, an increase of $535,000.$235,000. This increase was primarily due to higher stock-based compensation expense in connection with the fair value of deferred stock units granted to a newly appointed member of our Board of Directors during the second quarter of 2020, comprised of an initial award of $150,000 and a $56,000 annual award and $245,000 due to higher professional fees.
Interest and Other Income net
Interest and other income net was $2,667,000$22,245,000 in the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, compared to $8,244,000$6,769,000 in the prior year, a decreasean increase of $5,577,000.$15,476,000. This decrease was primarily due to $5,216,000 of loweran increase in average interest income due to a decrease in interest rates.
Interest and Debt Expense
Interest and debt expense was $24,204,000$58,297,000 in the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, compared to $38,901,000 in the prior year, a decrease of $14,697,000. This decrease was primarily due to $15,149,000 of lower interest expense due to a decrease in LIBOR.
Change in Fair Value of Marketable Securities
Change in fair value of marketable securities was an expense of $8,599,000 in the year ended December 31, 2020, consisting of $8,698,000 resulting from a decrease in Macerich’s share price of $16.25 on 535,265 shares owned, partially offset by $99,000 resulting from an increase in Macerich’s share price of $3.37 on 29,347 shares owned. Change in fair value of marketable securities was an expense of $8,757,000 in the prior year, resulting from a decrease in Macerich’s share prices of $16.36 on 535,265 shares owned.

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Results of Operations – Year EndedDecember 31, 2019 compared to December 31, 2018
Rental Revenues
Rental revenues were $226,350,000 in the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $232,825,000 in the prior year, a decrease of $6,475,000.  This decrease was primarily due to the Sears vacancy effective October 2018 at our Rego Park I property. 
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses were $89,738,000 in the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $93,775,000 in the prior year, a decrease of $4,037,000.  This decrease was primarily due to bad debt expense in 2018 of $4,459,000, primarily due to the Sears bankruptcy and lease termination.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization was $31,351,000 in the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $33,089,000 in the prior year, a decrease of $1,738,000. This decrease was primarily due to acceleration of depreciation and amortization in 2018 related to the Toys “R” Us, Inc. bankruptcy and lease termination at our Rego Park II property.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses were $5,772,000 in the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $5,343,000$28,602,000 in the prior year, an increase of $429,000.$29,695,000. This increase was primarily due to $21,614,000 of higher professional fees.interest expense resulting from increases in rates and $7,770,000 of higher interest rate cap premium amortization.
Net Gains on Sale of Real Estate
Interest and Other Income, net
Interest and other income, net was $8,244,000Net gains on the sale of real estate were $53,952,000 in the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $12,546,000 in the prior year, a decrease of $4,302,000. This decrease was primarily due to (i) $7,126,000 of interest income in 2018 from our Rego Park II loan participation (on December 12, 2018, we refinanced our $252,544,000 Rego Park II shopping center mortgage loan and GAAP required that our loan participation be treated as an extinguishment of debt), partially offset by (ii) $1,364,000 of higher interest income due to an increase in average interest rates and (iii) $1,600,000 of expense in 2018 from a litigation settlement.
Interest and Debt Expense
Interest and debt expense was $38,901,000 in the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $44,533,000 in the prior year, a decrease of $5,632,000. This decrease was primarily due to $7,178,000 of lower interest expense due to the refinancing of our Rego Park II shopping center loan, partially offset by $1,810,000 of higher interest expense2023, resulting from an increase in average interest rates.
Change in Fair Value of Marketable Securities
Change in fair value of marketable securities was an expense of $8,757,000 in the year ended December 31, 2019, resulting from Macerich’s closing share prices of $26.92 and $43.28 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, on 535,265 shares owned. Change in fair value of marketable securities was an expense of $11,990,000 in the prior year, resulting from Macerich’s closing share prices of $43.28 and $65.68 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Loss from Discontinued Operations
Loss from discontinued operations was $23,797,000 in the year ended December 31, 2018. The loss was due to an expense for potential additional real property transfer taxes from the 2012 sale of the Kings Plaza Regional Shopping Center (“Kings Plaza”). See Note 7 – Discontinued Operations, to our consolidated financial statementsRego Park III land parcel in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Queens, New York in May 2023.


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Related Party Transactions
Vornado
As of December 31, 2020,2023, Vornado ownedowned 32.4% of our outstanding common stock. We are managed by, and our properties are leased and developed by, Vornado, pursuant to various agreements, which expire in March of each year and are automatically renewable.  These agreements are described in Note 5 – Related Party Transactions, to our consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Steven Roth is the Chairman of our Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer, the Managing General Partner of Interstate Properties (“Interstate”), a New Jersey general partnership, and the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Chief Executive Officer of Vornado.  As of December 31, 2020,2023, Mr. Roth, Interstate and its other two general partners, David Mandelbaum and Russell B. Wight, Jr. (who are also directors of the Company and trustees of Vornado) owned, in the aggregate, 26.1%26.0% of our outstanding common stock, in addition to the 2.3% they indirectly own through Vornado. Matthew Iocco, our Chief Financial Officer, is the Executive Vice President - Chief Accounting Officer of Vornado. 

Liquidity and Capital Resources
RentalOur cash requirements include property operating expenses, capital improvements, tenant improvements, debt service, leasing commissions, dividends to stockholders as well as development costs. The sources of liquidity to fund these cash requirements include rental revenue, which is our primary source of cash flow and is dependent on a number of factors, includingupon the occupancy level and rental rates of our properties, as well as our tenants’ ability to pay their rents. Our properties provide us with a relatively consistent stream of cash flow that enables us to pay our operating expenses, interest expense, recurring capital expenditures and cash dividends to stockholders. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, in limited circumstances, we have agreed to and may continue to agree to rent deferrals and abatements for certain of our tenants. Overall, we have collected approximately 95% of rent billed for the quarter ended December 31, 2020 (96% including rent deferrals under agreements which generally require repayment in monthly installments over a period of time not to exceed twelve months), including 100% for our office tenant, approximately 90% for our retail tenants (91% including rent deferrals) and approximately 98% for our residential tenants. On September 10, 2020, Century 21, which leased 135,000 square feet at our Rego Park II shopping center ($6,400,000 of annual revenue), filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and closed its store on December 7, 2020. Other sources of liquidity to fund cash requirements include our existing cash, proceeds from financings, including mortgage or construction loans secured by our properties and proceeds from asset sales.

As of December 31, 2020, 2023, we had $455,901,000$552,977,000 of liquidity comprised of $449,877,000 of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash. Recent increases in interest rates and inflation could adversely affect our cash and $6,024,000 of marketable securities. Weflow from continuing operations but we anticipate that cash flowsflow from continuing operations over the next twelve months, together with existing cash balances, will be adequate to fund our business operations, cash dividends to stockholders, debt amortizationservice and capital expenditures. We may refinance our maturing debt as it comes due or choose to pay it down. However, there can be no assurance that additional financing or capital will be available to refinance our debt, or that the terms will be acceptable or advantageous to us. The challenges posed by
Cash Flows for the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on our businessYear Ended December 31, 2023
Cash and cash flows are evolving rapidlyequivalents and cannot be predictedrestricted cash were $552,977,000 at this time but that impact could be material. Consequently, we will continueDecember 31, 2023, compared to evaluate our liquidity$214,478,000 at December 31, 2022, an increase of $338,499,000. This resulted from (i) $321,812,000 of net cash provided by investing activities and financial position(ii) $109,111,000 of net cash provided by operating activities, partially offset by (iii) $92,424,000 of net cash used in financing activities.
Net cash provided by investing activities of $321,812,000 was comprised of (i) proceeds from maturities of U.S. Treasury bills of $264,881,000, (ii) proceeds from sale of real estate of $67,821,000 and (iii) proceeds from interest rate cap of $5,049,000, partially offset by (iv) the purchase of interest rate cap of $11,258,000 and (v) construction in progress and real estate additions of $4,681,000.
Net cash provided by operating activities of $109,111,000 was comprised of (i) net income of $102,413,000 and (ii) the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $16,753,000, partially offset by (iii) adjustments for non-cash items of $10,055,000. The adjustments for non-cash items were comprised of (i) net gain on an ongoing basis.sale of real estate of $53,952,000 and (ii) other non-cash adjustments of $1,559,000, partially offset by (iii) depreciation and amortization (including amortization of debt issuance costs) of $34,605,000, (iv) interest rate cap premium amortization of $7,770,000, (v) straight-lining of rents of $2,631,000 and (vi) stock-based compensation expense of $450,000.
Net cash used in financing activities of $92,424,000 was comprised of dividends paid of $92,320,000 and debt issuance costs of $104,000.
Dividends
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Liquidity and Capital Resources - continued
Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash were $214,478,000 at December 31, 2022, compared to $483,505,000 at December 31, 2021, a decrease of $269,027,000. This resulted from (i) $279,266,000 of net cash used in investing activities and (ii) $92,310,000 of net cash used in financing activities, partially offset by (iii) $102,549,000 of net cash provided by operating activities.
Net cash provided by operating activities of $102,549,000 was comprised of (i) net income of $57,632,000, (ii) adjustments for non-cash items of $36,936,000 and (iii) the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $7,981,000. The adjustments for non-cash items were comprised of (i) depreciation and amortization (including amortization of debt issuance costs) of $31,454,000, (ii) straight-lining of rental income of $7,960,000 and (iii) stock-based compensation expense of $450,000, partially offset by (iv) other non-cash adjustments of $2,928,000.
Net cash used in investing activities of $279,266,000 was comprised of (i) the purchase of U.S. Treasury bills of $364,238,000 and (ii) $14,386,000 of construction in progress and real estate additions, partially offset by (iii) $99,358,000 of proceeds from maturities of U.S. Treasury bills.
Net cash used in financing activities of $92,310,000 was primarily comprised of dividends paid of $92,264,000.
Dividends
On January 20, 2021,February 7, 2024, our Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly dividend toof $4.50 per share (an indicated annual rate of $18.00 per share).  The dividend, if declared by the Board of Directors at the same rate for all of 2021,2024, would require us to pay out approximately $92,200,000.$92,350,000 in 2024.
Financing Activity and Contractual Obligations

On February 14, 2020, we reduced our participation in our Rego Park II shopping center loan to $50,000,000 and received cash proceeds of approximately $145,000,000.
On September 14, 2020, we amended and extended the $350,000,000 mortgage loan on the retail condominium of our 731 Lexington Avenue property. Under the terms of the amendment, we paid down the loan by $50,000,000 to $300,000,000, extended the maturity date to August 2025 and guaranteed the interest payments and certain leasing costs. The principal of the loan is non-recourse to us. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 1.40% (1.55% as of December 31, 2020) which is subject to an interest rate swap with a fixed rate of 1.72%.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources - continued
On October 23, 2020, we completed a financing of The Alexander apartment tower in the amount of $94,000,000. The interest-only loan has a fixed rate of 2.63% and matures in November 2027.

Debt
Below is a summary of our outstanding debt and maturities as of December 31, 2020.2023.  We may refinance our maturing debt as it comes due or choose to repay it.
  BalanceInterest RateMaturity
(Amounts in thousands)
731 Lexington Avenue, office condominium(1)
$500,000 6.00 %Jun. 11, 2024
731 Lexington Avenue, retail condominium(2)(3)
300,000 1.76 %Aug. 05, 2025
Rego Park II shopping center(2)(4)
202,544 5.60 %Dec. 12, 2025
The Alexander apartment tower94,000 2.63 %Nov. 01, 2027
Total1,096,544   
Deferred debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $17,639(3,993)  
Total, net$1,092,551   
(1)   Interest at the Prime Rate (capped at 6.00% through loan maturity).
(2)   Interest rate listed represents the rate in effect as of December 31, 2023 based on SOFR as of contractual reset date plus contractual
spread, adjusted for hedging instruments as applicable.
(3)   Interest at SOFR plus 1.51% which was swapped to a fixed rate of 1.76% through May 2025.
(4)   Interest at SOFR plus 1.45% (SOFR is capped at a rate of 4.15% through November 2024).
  BalanceInterest RateMaturity
(Amounts in thousands)
Paramus$68,000 4.72 %Oct. 04, 2021
731 Lexington Avenue, office condominium(1)
500,000 1.06 %Jun. 11, 2024
731 Lexington Avenue, retail condominium(2)
300,000 1.55 %Aug. 05, 2025
Rego Park II shopping center(3)
202,544 1.50 %Dec. 12, 2025
The Alexander apartment tower94,000 2.63 %Nov. 01, 2027
Total1,164,544   
Deferred debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $13,034(8,374)  
Total, net$1,156,170   
(1)   Interest at LIBOR plus 0.90%. Maturity date represents the extended maturity based on our unilateral right to extend.
(2)   Interest at LIBOR plus 1.40% which is subject to an interest rate swap with a fixed rate of 1.72%.
(3)   Interest at LIBOR plus 1.35%. The amount of this loan is net of our $50,000 loan participation.

Below is a summary of our contractual obligationsprincipal and commitmentsinterest repayments scheduled as of December 31, 2020.2023.
   Less thanOne toThree toMore than
(Amounts in thousands)TotalOne YearThree YearsFive YearsFive Years
Contractual obligations(1) (principal and interest)(2):
     
 
Long-term debt obligations(3)
$1,241,929 $86,617 $32,384 $1,024,327 $98,601 
 Operating lease obligations4,800 800 1,600 1,600 800 
Purchase obligations, primarily construction commitments4,523 4,523 — — — 
  $1,251,252 $91,940 $33,984 $1,025,927 $99,401 
Commitments:     
 Standby letters of credit$960 $950 $10 $— $— 
(1)Excludes committed tenant-related obligations as timing and amounts of payments are uncertain and may only be due upon satisfactory performance of certain conditions.
(2)Principal repayments based on extended loan maturity dates. Interest on variable rate debt is computed using rates in effect as of December 31, 2020.
(3)Net of loan participation and related interest.
   Less thanOne toThree toMore than
(Amounts in thousands)TotalOne YearThree YearsFive YearsFive Years
Long-term debt obligations$1,157,131 $533,204 $527,839 $96,088 $— 
Total principal and interest repayments (1)
$1,157,131 $533,204 $527,839 $96,088 $— 
(1)  Interest on variable rate debt is computed using rates in effect as of December 31, 2023 adjusted for hedging instruments as applicable.


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Capital Expenditures
Capital expenditures consist of expenditures to maintain and improve assets, tenant improvement allowances and leasing commissions. During 2024, we expect to incur approximately $29,000,000 of capital expenditures at our properties. We plan to fund these capital expenditures from operating cash flow, existing liquidity, and/or borrowings.
Commitments and Contingencies
Insurance  
We maintain general liability insurance with limits of $300,000,000 per occurrence and per property, of which the first $1,000,000$30,000,000 includes communicable disease coverage, and all-risk property and rental value insurance coverage with limits of $1.7 billion per occurrence, including coverage for acts of terrorism, with sub-limits for certain perils such as floods and earthquakes on each of our properties and excluding communicable disease coverage.
Fifty Ninth Street Insurance Company, LLC (“FNSIC”), our wholly owned consolidated subsidiary, acts as a direct insurer for coverage for acts of terrorism, including nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological (“NBCR”) acts, as defined by the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002, as amended to date and which has been extended through December 2027. Coverage for acts of terrorism (including NBCR acts) is up to $1.7 billion per occurrence and in the aggregate. Coverage for acts of terrorism (excluding NBCR acts) is fully reinsured by third party insurance companies and the Federal government with no exposure to FNSIC. For NBCR acts, FNSIC is responsible for a $275,000$316,000 deductible and 20% of the balance of a covered loss, and the Federal government is responsible for the remaining 80% of a covered loss. We are ultimately responsible for any loss incurred by FNSIC.
We continue to monitor the state of the insurance market and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism or other events. However, we cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in the future. We are responsible for uninsured losses and for deductibles and losses in excess of our insurance coverage, which could be material.
The principal amounts of our mortgage loans are non-recourse to us and theOur loans contain customary covenants requiring us to maintain insurance. Although we believe that we have adequate insurance coverage for purposes of these agreements, we may not be able to obtain an equivalent amount of coverage at reasonable costs in the future. If lenders insist on greater coverage than we are able to obtain, it could adversely affect our ability to finance or refinance our properties.

Paramus
In 2001, we leased 30.3 acres of land located in Paramus, New Jersey to IKEA. The lease expires in 2041, with a purchase option in October 2021 for $75,000,000. The property is encumbered by a $68,000,000 interest-only mortgage loan with a fixed rate of 4.72%, which matures in October 2021. The annual triple-net rent is the sum of $700,000 plus the amount of interest on the mortgage loan. If the purchase option is exercised, we will receive net cash proceeds of approximately $7,000,000 and recognize a gain on sale of land of approximately $60,000,000. If the purchase option is not exercised, the triple-net rent for the last 20 years would include debt service sufficient to fully amortize $68,000,000 over the remaining 20-year lease term.

Rego Park I Litigation
In June 2014, Sears Roebuck and Co. (“Sears”) filed a lawsuit in the Supreme Court of the State of New York against Vornado and us (and certain of our subsidiaries) with regard to the 195,000 square foot store that Sears formerly leased at our Rego Park I property alleging that the defendants are liable for harm that Sears has suffered as a result of (a) water intrusions into the premises, (b) two fires in February 2014 that caused damages to those premises, and (c) alleged violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act in the premises’ parking garage. Sears asserted various causes of actions for damages and sought to compel compliance with landlord’s obligations to repair the premises and to provide security, and to compel us to abate a nuisance that Sears claims was a cause of the water intrusions into its premises. In addition to injunctive relief, Sears sought, among other things, damages of not less than $4,000,000 and future damages it estimated would not be less than $25,000,000. In March 2016, Sears withdrew its claim for future damages leaving a remaining claim for property damages, which we estimate to be approximately $650,000 based on information provided by Sears. We intend to defend the remaining claim vigorously. The amount or range of reasonably possible losses, if any, is not expected to be greater than $650,000. On October 15, 2018, Sears filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy relief resulting in an automatic stay of this case.

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Kings Plaza Transfer Tax
In 2012, we sold Kings Plaza and paid real property transfer taxes to New York City in connection with the sale. In 2015, the New York City Department of Finance (“NYC DOF”) issued a Notice of Determination to us assessing an additional New York City real property transfer tax amount, including interest.
In 2014, in a case with similar facts, the NYC DOF issued a Notice of Determination to a Vornado joint venture assessing an additional New York City real property transfer tax amount, including interest. In January 2017, a New York City administrative law judge made a determination upholding the Vornado joint venture’s position that such additional real property transfer taxes were not due. On February 16, 2018, the New York City Tax Appeals Tribunal (the “Tribunal”) overturned the January 2017 determination. The Vornado joint venture appealed the Tribunal’s decision to the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York and on April 25, 2019, the Tribunal’s decision was unanimously upheld. The Vornado joint venture filed a motion to reargue the Appellate Division’s decision or for leave to appeal to the New York State Court of Appeals. On December 12, 2019, that motion was denied and the case can no longer be appealed. Based on the precedent of the Tribunal’s decision, we paid the additional real property transfer taxes of $23,797,000 ($15,874,000 of real property transfer tax and $7,923,000 of interest) on April 5, 2018. On January 12, 2021, we decided not to further contest the additional real property transfer taxes paid in connection with the sale of Kings Plaza.
Letters of Credit
Approximately $960,000$900,000 of standby letters of credit were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020.

2023.
Other
There are various other legal actions brought against us from time-to-time in the ordinary course of business. In our opinion, the outcome of such pending matters in the aggregate will not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash were $449,877,000 at December 31, 2020, compared to $313,977,000 at December 31, 2019, an increase of $135,900,000. This increase resulted from (i) $78,066,000 of net cash provided by operating activities and (ii) $90,294,000 of net cash provided by financing activities, partially offset by (iii) $32,460,000 of net cash used in investing activities.
Net cash provided by operating activities of $78,066,000 was comprised of (i) net income of $41,939,000 and (ii) adjustments for non-cash items of $69,330,000, partially offset by (iii) the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $33,203,000. The adjustments for non-cash items were comprised of (i) depreciation and amortization (including amortization of debt issuance costs) of $35,121,000, (ii) straight-lining of rental income of $21,102,000, (iii) the change in fair value of marketable securities of $8,599,000, (iv) write-off of tenant receivables of $4,122,000 and (v) stock-based compensation expense of $600,000, partially offset by (vi) $214,000 of dividends received in stock from Macerich.
Net cash provided by financing activities was primarily comprised of (i) proceeds from the reduction of our participation in our Rego Park II mortgage loan of $145,708,000 and (ii) proceeds from the financing of The Alexander apartment tower of $94,000,000, partially offset by (iii) dividends paid of $92,168,000 and (iv) debt repayments of $50,000,000.
Net cash used in investing activities was comprised of construction in progress, real estate additions and other of $32,460,000.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources - continued
Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash were $313,977,000 at December 31, 2019, compared to $289,495,000 at December 31, 2018, an increase of $24,482,000. This increase resulted from (i) $126,070,000 of net cash provided by operating activities, partially offset by (ii) $92,139,000 of net cash used in financing activities and (iii) $9,449,000 of net cash used in investing activities.
Net cash provided by operating activities of $126,070,000 was comprised of (i) net income of $60,075,000, (ii) adjustments for non-cash items of $48,079,000 and (iii) the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $17,916,000. The adjustments for non-cash items were comprised of (i) depreciation and amortization (including amortization of debt issuance costs) of $36,515,000, (ii) the change in fair value of marketable securities of $8,757,000, (iii) straight-lining of rental income of $2,413,000 and (iv) stock-based compensation expense of $394,000.
Net cash used in financing activities was primarily comprised of dividends paid of $92,124,000.
Net cash used in investing activities was comprised of construction in progress and real estate additions of $9,449,000.
Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash were $289,495,000 at December 31, 2018, compared to $393,279,000 at December 31, 2017, a decrease of $103,784,000. This decrease resulted from (i) $176,185,000 of net cash used in financing activities and (ii) $1,137,000 of net cash used in investing activities, partially offset by (iii) $73,538,000 of net cash provided by operating activities.
Net cash used in financing activities of $176,185,000 was primarily comprised of net debt repayments of $81,896,000 (primarily the refinancing and subsequent repayment of the mortgage loan on our Rego Park I shopping center) and dividends paid of $92,100,000.
Net cash used in investing activities of $1,137,000 was comprised of construction in progress and real estate additions of $3,966,000, partially offset by repayment of Rego Park II loan participation of $2,829,000.
Net cash provided by operating activities of $73,538,000 was comprised of (i) net income of $32,844,000 and (ii) adjustments for non-cash items of $56,807,000, partially offset by (iii) the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $16,113,000. The adjustments for non-cash items were comprised of (i) depreciation and amortization (including amortization of debt issuance costs) of $38,499,000, (ii) the change in fair value of marketable securities of $11,990,000, (iii) straight-lining of rental income of $5,924,000 and (iv) stock-based compensation expense of $394,000.
Funds from Operations (“FFO”) (non-GAAP)
FFO is computed in accordance with the definition adopted by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”). NAREIT defines FFO as GAAP net income or loss adjusted to exclude net gains from sales of depreciablecertain real estate assets, real estate impairment losses, depreciation and amortization expense from real estate assets and other specified items, including the pro rata share of such adjustments of unconsolidated subsidiaries. FFO and FFO per diluted share are used by management, investors and analysts to facilitate meaningful comparisons of operating performance between periods and among our peers because it excludes the effect of real estate depreciation and amortization and net gains on sales, which are based on historical costs and implicitly assume that the value of real estate diminishes predictably over time, rather than fluctuating based on existing market conditions. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities and is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash requirements and should not be considered as an alternative to net income as a performance measure or cash flow as a liquidity measure. FFO may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies. A reconciliation of our net income to FFO is provided below.

FFO (non-GAAP) for the years and quarters ended December 31, 20202023 and 2019

2022
FFO (non-GAAP) for the year ended December 31, 20202023 was $82,509,000,$81,067,000, or $16.11$15.80 per diluted share, compared to $99,670,000,$87,090,000, or $19.47$16.99 per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2019.

FFO (non-GAAP) for the quarter ended December 31, 2020 was $25,407,000, or $4.96 per diluted share, compared to $24,626,000, or $4.81 per diluted share for the quarter ended December 31, 2019.

37


Funds from Operations (“FFO”) (non-GAAP) - continued

2022.
The following table reconciles our net income to FFO (non-GAAP):
For the Year EndedFor the Three Months Ended For the Year Ended
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)December 31,December 31,(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)December 31,
2020201920202019 20232022
Net incomeNet income$41,939 $60,075 $18,432 $14,434 
Depreciation and amortization of real propertyDepreciation and amortization of real property31,971 30,838 9,165 7,692 
Change in fair value of marketable securities8,599 8,757 (2,190)2,500 
Net gain on sale of real estate
FFO (non-GAAP)FFO (non-GAAP)$82,509 $99,670 $25,407 $24,626 
FFO per diluted share (non-GAAP)FFO per diluted share (non-GAAP)$16.11 $19.47 $4.96 $4.81 
FFO per diluted share (non-GAAP)
FFO per diluted share (non-GAAP)
FFO per diluted share (non-GAAP)
FFO per diluted share (non-GAAP)
FFO per diluted share (non-GAAP)
FFO per diluted share (non-GAAP)
FFO per diluted share (non-GAAP)
FFO per diluted share (non-GAAP)
FFO per diluted share (non-GAAP)
FFO per diluted share (non-GAAP)
FFO per diluted share (non-GAAP)
FFO per diluted share (non-GAAP)
FFO per diluted share (non-GAAP)
FFO per diluted share (non-GAAP)
Weighted average shares used in computing FFO per diluted shareWeighted average shares used in computing FFO per diluted share5,120,922 5,118,198 5,122,206 5,118,698 
Weighted average shares used in computing FFO per diluted share
Weighted average shares used in computing FFO per diluted share
Weighted average shares used in computing FFO per diluted share
Weighted average shares used in computing FFO per diluted share
Weighted average shares used in computing FFO per diluted share
Weighted average shares used in computing FFO per diluted share
Weighted average shares used in computing FFO per diluted share
Weighted average shares used in computing FFO per diluted share
Weighted average shares used in computing FFO per diluted share
Weighted average shares used in computing FFO per diluted share
Weighted average shares used in computing FFO per diluted share
Weighted average shares used in computing FFO per diluted share
Weighted average shares used in computing FFO per diluted share
Weighted average shares used in computing FFO per diluted share




















33


ITEM 7A.     QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We have exposure to fluctuations in interest rates, which are sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control.  Our exposure to a change in interest rates is summarized in the table below.
 
20202019 20232022
December 31, BalanceWeighted Average Interest RateEffect of 1% Change in Base RatesDecember 31, BalanceWeighted Average Interest Rate December 31, BalanceWeighted Average Interest RateEffect of 1% Change in Base RatesDecember 31, BalanceWeighted Average Interest Rate
(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)
(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)
(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)
Variable rate
Variable rate
Variable rateVariable rate$1,002,544 1.30%$10,025 $906,836 2.85%$702,544 5.88%5.88%$7,025 $$702,544 5.33%5.33%
Fixed rateFixed rate162,000 3.51%— 68,000 4.72%Fixed rate394,000 1.97%1.97%— 394,000 394,000 1.97%1.97%
$1,164,544 1.60%$10,025 $974,836 2.98% $1,096,544 4.48%4.48%$7,025 $$1,096,544 4.12%4.12%
Total effect on diluted earnings per shareTotal effect on diluted earnings per share  $1.96   
Total effect on diluted earnings per share
Total effect on diluted earnings per share  $1.37   
We have an interest rate cap relating to the mortgage loan on the office condominium of our 731 Lexington Avenue property with a notional amount of $500,000,000 that capscapped LIBOR at 6.00% through July 15, 2023 and caps the Prime Rate (8.50% as of December 31, 2023) at 6.00% through loan maturity.
We have an interest rate cap relating to the mortgage loan on Rego Park II shopping center with a ratenotional amount of 6.0%.

$202,544,000 that caps SOFR at 4.15% through November 2024.
We have an interest rate swap relating to the mortgage loan on the retail condominium of our 731 Lexington Avenue property with a notional amount of $300,000,000 that swaps LIBORSOFR plus 1.40%1.51% for a fixed rate of 1.72%.1.76% through May 2025.
 
Fair Value of Debt
The fair value of our consolidated debt is calculated by discounting the future contractual cash flows of these instruments using current risk-adjusted rates available to borrowers with similar credit ratings, which are provided by a third-party specialist. As of December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, the estimated fair value of our consolidated debt was $1,130,000,000 and $974,000,000,$1,071,887,000 and $1,061,221,000, respectively. Our fair value estimates, which are made at the end of the reporting period, may be different from the amounts that may ultimately be realized upon the disposition of our financial instruments.
3834


ITEM 8.        FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsPage
Number
  
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34)
  
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 20202023 and 20192022
  
Consolidated Statements of Income for the 
Years Ended December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022 and 20182021
  
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the
Years Ended December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022 and 20182021
  
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the 
Years Ended December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022 and 20182021
  
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the 
Years Ended December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022 and 20182021
  
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

3935


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Alexander’s, Inc.


Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Alexander’s, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”"Company") as of December 31, 20202023, and 2019,2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020,2023, and the related notes and the schedules listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”"financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020,2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020,2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 16, 2021,12, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Real Estate -Impairment – Refer to Note 32 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company’s real estate assets are individually evaluated for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company’s evaluation of the recoverability of real estate assets involvesconsists of the comparison of undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by each real estate asset over the Company’s estimated holding period to the respective carrying amount. The Company’s undiscounted future cash flow analyses require management to make significant estimates, including estimated terminal values determined using appropriate capitalization rates.

40


Given the Company’s estimated capitalization rates used in the evaluation of impairment of real estate assets is a significant assumption made by management, performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s undiscounted future cash flow analyses required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists.




36


How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the Company’s estimated capitalization rates used in the evaluation of impairment of real estate assets included the following, among others:

We tested the effectiveness of controls over management’s evaluation of the recoverability of real estate, including controls over management’s determination of the reasonableness of the applicable capitalization rates.
Inquired with management regarding their determination of the capitalization rates, including considerations related to the impact of COVID-19 and evaluatingevaluated the consistency of the capitalization rates used with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit.
With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the Company’s estimated capitalization rates by:

Testing the source information underlying the determination of the capitalization rates by evaluating the reasonableness of the capitalization rates used by management with independent market data, focusing on key factors, including the impact of COVID-19, geographical location, tenant composition, and property type.
Developing a range of independent estimates of capitalization rates and comparing those to the capitalization rates utilized by management.


/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP


New York, New York
February 16, 2021February 12, 2024

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1969.

4137


ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
December 31,December 31,
ASSETSASSETS20202019ASSETS20232022
Real estate, at cost:Real estate, at cost:  Real estate, at cost:  
LandLand$44,971 $44,971 
Buildings and leasehold improvementsBuildings and leasehold improvements1,014,311 984,053 
Development and construction in progressDevelopment and construction in progress11,761 12,318 
TotalTotal1,071,043 1,041,342 
Accumulated depreciation and amortizationAccumulated depreciation and amortization(350,122)(324,499)
Real estate, netReal estate, net720,921 716,843 
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents428,710 298,063 
Restricted cashRestricted cash21,167 15,914 
Marketable securities6,024 14,409 
Investments in U.S. Treasury bills
Tenant and other receivablesTenant and other receivables8,116 6,092 
Receivable arising from the straight-lining of rentsReceivable arising from the straight-lining of rents145,274 166,376 
Deferred lease costs, net, including unamortized leasing fees to Vornado of
$27,851 and $32,374, respectively36,524 41,123 
Deferred leasing costs, net, including unamortized leasing fees to Vornado of
$19,540 and $22,174, respectively
$19,540 and $22,174, respectively
$19,540 and $22,174, respectively
Other assetsOther assets37,402 6,691 
$1,404,138 $1,265,511 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITYLIABILITIES AND EQUITY
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Mortgages payable, net of deferred debt issuance costs
Mortgages payable, net of deferred debt issuance costs
Mortgages payable, net of deferred debt issuance costsMortgages payable, net of deferred debt issuance costs$1,156,170 $970,961 
Amounts due to VornadoAmounts due to Vornado1,516 1,426 
Accounts payable and accrued expensesAccounts payable and accrued expenses35,342 31,756 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities7,882 7,853 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities1,200,910 1,011,996 
Commitments and contingenciesCommitments and contingencies00
Commitments and contingencies
Commitments and contingencies
Preferred stock: $1.00 par value per share; authorized, 3,000,000 shares;Preferred stock: $1.00 par value per share; authorized, 3,000,000 shares;
issued and outstanding, NaN
Preferred stock: $1.00 par value per share; authorized, 3,000,000 shares;
Preferred stock: $1.00 par value per share; authorized, 3,000,000 shares;
issued and outstanding, none
issued and outstanding, none
issued and outstanding, none
Common stock: $1.00 par value per share; authorized, 10,000,000 shares;Common stock: $1.00 par value per share; authorized, 10,000,000 shares;
issued, 5,173,450 shares; outstanding, 5,107,290 shares
issued, 5,173,450 shares; outstanding, 5,107,290 shares
issued, 5,173,450 shares; outstanding, 5,107,290 shares issued, 5,173,450 shares; outstanding, 5,107,290 shares5,173 5,173 
Additional capitalAdditional capital32,965 32,365 
Retained earningsRetained earnings166,165 216,394 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(707)(49)
Accumulated other comprehensive income
203,596 253,883 
Treasury stock: 66,160 shares, at costTreasury stock: 66,160 shares, at cost(368)(368)
Total equityTotal equity203,228 253,515 
$1,404,138 $1,265,511 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
4238


ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOMECONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOMECONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Year Ended December 31,
202020192018
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
REVENUESREVENUES   REVENUES  
Rental revenuesRental revenues$199,142 $226,350 $232,825 
EXPENSESEXPENSES
Operating, including fees to Vornado of $5,429, $5,386 and $4,700, respectively(88,403)(89,738)(93,775)
Operating, including fees to Vornado of $6,480, $6,037 and $5,952, respectively
Operating, including fees to Vornado of $6,480, $6,037 and $5,952, respectively
Operating, including fees to Vornado of $6,480, $6,037 and $5,952, respectively
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization(32,357)(31,351)(33,089)
General and administrative, including management fees to Vornado of $2,380
in each year(6,307)(5,772)(5,343)
General and administrative, including management fees to Vornado of td,440, td,440 and td,380, respectively
Total expenses
Total expenses
Total expensesTotal expenses(127,067)(126,861)(132,207)
Interest and other income, net2,667 8,244 12,546 
Interest and other income
Interest and other income
Interest and other income
Interest and debt expenseInterest and debt expense(24,204)(38,901)(44,533)
Change in fair value of marketable securities (see Note 6)(8,599)(8,757)(11,990)
Change in fair value of marketable securities
Net gains on sale of real estate
Income from continuing operationsIncome from continuing operations41,939 60,075 56,641 
Loss from discontinued operations (see Note 7)(23,797)
Income from discontinued operations (see Note 8)
Net incomeNet income$41,939 $60,075 $32,844 
Income per common share - basic and diluted:Income per common share - basic and diluted:
Income per common share - basic and diluted:
Income per common share - basic and diluted:
Income from continuing operationsIncome from continuing operations$8.19 $11.74 $11.07 
Loss from discontinued operations (see Note 7)(4.65)
Income from continuing operations
Income from continuing operations
Income from discontinued operations (see Note 8)
Net income per common shareNet income per common share$8.19 $11.74 $6.42 
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and dilutedWeighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted5,120,922 5,118,198 5,116,838 
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
4339


ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOMECONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOMECONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Amounts in thousands)(Amounts in thousands)(Amounts in thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
202020192018
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Net incomeNet income$41,939 $60,075 $32,844 
Other comprehensive (loss) income:Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives(658)78 (1)
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives and other
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives and other
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives and other
Comprehensive incomeComprehensive income$41,281 $60,153 $32,843 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
4440


ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITYCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITYCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(Amounts in thousands)(Amounts in thousands)(Amounts in thousands)
            
    Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
      Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income
 
Common StockAdditional
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Treasury
Stock
Total
Equity
Common StockAdditional
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Treasury
Stock
Total
Equity
SharesAmountAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance, December 31, 20175,173 $5,173 $31,577 $302,543 $5,030 $(368)$343,955 
Net income— — — 32,844 — — 32,844 
Dividends paid ($18.00 per common share)— — — (92,100)— — (92,100)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle— — — 5,156 (5,156)— 
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives— — — — (1)— (1)
Deferred stock unit grants— — 394 — — — 394 
Balance, December 31, 20185,173 5,173 31,971 248,443 (127)(368)285,092 
Balance, December 31, 2020
Balance, December 31, 2020
Balance, December 31, 2020
Net incomeNet income— — — 60,075 — — 60,075 
Dividends paid ($18.00 per common share)Dividends paid ($18.00 per common share)— — — (92,124)— — (92,124)
Change in fair value of interest rate derivativesChange in fair value of interest rate derivatives— — — — 78 — 78 
Deferred stock unit grantsDeferred stock unit grants— — 394 — — — 394 
Balance, December 31, 20195,173 5,173 32,365 216,394 (49)(368)253,515 
Balance, December 31, 2021
Net incomeNet income— — — 41,939 — — 41,939 
Dividends paid ($18.00 per common share)Dividends paid ($18.00 per common share)— — — (92,168)— — (92,168)
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives— — — — (658)— (658)
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives
and other
Deferred stock unit grantsDeferred stock unit grants— — 600 — — — 600 
Balance, December 31, 20205,173 $5,173 $32,965 $166,165 $(707)$(368)$203,228 
Balance, December 31, 2022
Net income
Dividends paid ($18.00 per common share)
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives
and other
Deferred stock unit grants
Balance, December 31, 2023

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
4541


ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts in thousands)(Amounts in thousands)(Amounts in thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
202020192018
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIESCASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES   CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES   
Net incomeNet income$41,939 $60,075 $32,844 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization, including amortization of debt issuance costsDepreciation and amortization, including amortization of debt issuance costs35,121 36,515 38,499 
Depreciation and amortization, including amortization of debt issuance costs
Depreciation and amortization, including amortization of debt issuance costs
Net gains on sale of real estate (2021 includes $2,348 from discontinued operations)
Straight-lining of rentsStraight-lining of rents21,102 2,413 5,924 
Write-off of tenant receivables4,122 
Stock-based compensation expenseStock-based compensation expense600 394 394 
Change in fair value of marketable securitiesChange in fair value of marketable securities8,599 8,757 11,990 
Dividends received in stock(214)
Interest rate cap premium amortization
Other non-cash adjustments
Change in operating assets and liabilities:Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Tenant and other receivables, net(6,146)(2,017)(1,382)
Tenant and other receivables
Tenant and other receivables
Tenant and other receivables
Other assetsOther assets(28,378)21,553 (1,197)
Amounts due to VornadoAmounts due to Vornado(402)789 (1,907)
Accounts payable and accrued expensesAccounts payable and accrued expenses2,361 (1,800)(11,760)
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities(638)(609)133 
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities78,066 126,070 73,538 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIESCASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Construction in progress, real estate additions and other(32,460)(9,449)(3,966)
Repayment of Rego Park II loan participation2,829 
Net cash used in investing activities(32,460)(9,449)(1,137)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Construction in progress and real estate additions
Construction in progress and real estate additions
Construction in progress and real estate additions
Purchase of U.S. Treasury bills
Proceeds from maturities of U.S. Treasury bills
Proceeds from sales of real estate
Purchase of interest rate cap
Proceeds from interest rate cap
Return of short-term investment
Proceeds from sale of marketable securities
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIESCASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Dividends paid
Dividends paid
Dividends paidDividends paid(92,168)(92,124)(92,100)
Debt issuance costsDebt issuance costs(7,246)(15)(2,189)
Debt repaymentsDebt repayments(50,000)(160,142)
Proceeds from borrowings239,708 78,246 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities90,294 (92,139)(176,185)
Net cash used in financing activities
Net cash used in financing activities
Net cash used in financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cashNet increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash135,900 24,482 (103,784)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of yearCash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year313,977 289,495 393,279 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of yearCash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year$449,877 $313,977 $289,495 
RECONCILIATION OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASHRECONCILIATION OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH
RECONCILIATION OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH
RECONCILIATION OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of yearCash and cash equivalents at beginning of year$298,063 $283,056 $307,536 
Restricted cash at beginning of yearRestricted cash at beginning of year15,914 6,439 85,743 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of yearCash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year$313,977 $289,495 $393,279 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of yearCash and cash equivalents at end of year$428,710 $298,063 $283,056 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
Restricted cash at end of yearRestricted cash at end of year21,167 15,914 6,439 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of yearCash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year$449,877 $313,977 $289,495 
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash payments for interest$22,476 $34,669 $38,231 
NON-CASH TRANSACTIONS
Liability for real estate additions, including $489, $18 and $125 for development fees due to
Vornado in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively$4,955 $3,191 $631 
Write-off of fully amortized and/or depreciated assets876 16,090 
Reclassification of prepaid real estate taxes to construction in progress for property in
redevelopment1,466 
Lease liability arising from the recognition of right-of-use asset5,428 
Derecognition of Rego Park II loan participation asset195,708 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - CONTINUED
(Amounts in thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash payments for interest (net of amounts capitalized)$53,975 $25,934 $18,568 
NON-CASH TRANSACTIONS
Write-off of fully depreciated assets$8,097 $23 $5,628 
Liability for real estate additions, including $141 for development fees due to Vornado in 20211,969 2,254 1,445 
Additional estimated lease liability arising from the recognition of right-of-use asset— 16,099 — 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.


46
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ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.    ORGANIZATION
Alexander’s, Inc. (NYSE: ALX) is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), incorporated in Delaware, engaged in leasing, managing, developing and redeveloping its properties. All references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company” and “Alexander’s” refer to Alexander’s, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. We are managed by, and our properties are leased and developed by, Vornado Realty Trust (“Vornado”) (NYSE: VNO).
 
We have 7five properties in the greater New York City metropolitan area consisting of:
 
Operating properties
 
731 Lexington Avenue, a 1,323,0001,079,000 square foot multi-use building, comprising the entire block bounded by Lexington Avenue, East 59th Street, Third Avenue and East 58th Street in Manhattan. The building contains 920,000939,000 and 155,000140,000 of net rentable square feet of office and retail space, respectively, which we own, and 248,000 square feet of residential space consisting of 105 condominium units, which we sold.respectively. Bloomberg L.P. (“Bloomberg”) occupies all of the office space. The Home Depot (83,000 square feet) is the principal retail tenant;

Rego Park I, a 338,000 square foot shopping center, is located on Queens Boulevard and 63rd Road in Queens. The center is anchored by a 112,000 square foot IKEA, a 50,000 square foot Burlington a 46,000 square foot Bed Bath & Beyond and a 36,000 square foot Marshalls;Marshalls.

On December 3, 2022, IKEA closed its 112,000 square foot store at our Rego Park I property under a lease that was set to expire in December 2030. The lease included a right to terminate effective no earlier than March 16, 2026, subject to payment of rent through the termination date and an additional termination payment equal to the lesser of $10,000,000 or the amount of rent due under the remaining term. On September 27, 2023, we entered into a lease modification agreement with IKEA which accelerates its lease termination date to April 1, 2024. Under the lease modification agreement, IKEA will pay its remaining rent due through March 16, 2026 and the $10,000,000 termination payment over the modified lease term;

Rego Park II, a 609,000616,000 square foot shopping center, is located adjacent to the Rego Park I shopping center in Queens. The center is anchored by a 145,000 square foot Costco and a 133,000 square foot Kohl’s, which has been subleased.subleased;

On September 10, 2020, Century 21 ($6,400,000 of annual revenue) filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and closed its 135,000Flushing, a 167,000 square foot storebuilding, located on December 7, 2020;Roosevelt Avenue and Main Street in Queens, that is subleased to New World Mall LLC. The property is ground leased through January 2027 with one 10-year extension option; and

The Alexander apartment tower, located above our Rego Park II shopping center, contains 312 units aggregating 255,000 square feet;
Paramus, located at the intersection of Routes 4 and 17 in Paramus, New Jersey, consists of 30.3 acres of land that is leased to IKEA; and

Flushing, a 167,000 square foot building, located on Roosevelt Avenue and Main Street in Queens, that is sub-leased to New World Mall LLC for the remainder of our ground lease term.
Property to be developed
Rego Park III, a 140,000 square foot land parcel adjacent to the Rego Park II shopping center in Queens, at the intersection of Junction Boulevard and the Horace Harding Service Road.feet.
 
We have determined that our properties have similar economic characteristics and meet the criteria that permit the properties to be aggregated into 1one reportable segment (the leasing, management, development and redeveloping of properties in the greater New York City metropolitan area)City). Our chief operating decision-maker assesses and measures segment operating results based on a performance measure referred to as net operating income at the individual operating segment. Net operating income for each property represents net rental revenues less operating expenses.




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ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
2.    COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Our business has been adversely affected by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2020, our “non-essential” retail tenants were ordered to temporarily close and although substantially all re-opened in the latter part of June 2020, there are limitations on occupancy and other restrictions that affect their ability to resume full operations.
In limited circumstances, we have agreed to and may continue to agree to rent deferrals and abatements for certain of our tenants. We have made the policy election available to us based on the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) guidance for leases during the COVID-19 pandemic, which allows us to continue recognizing rental revenue for rent deferral agreements and to recognize rent abatements as a reduction to rental revenue in the period granted. See Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information.
Overall, we have collected approximately 95% of rent billed for the quarter ended December 31, 2020 (96% including rent deferrals under agreements which generally require repayment in monthly installments over a period of time not to exceed twelve months), including 100% for our office tenant, approximately 90% for our retail tenants (91% including rent deferrals) and approximately 98% for our residential tenants.
On September 10, 2020, Century 21, which leased 135,000 square feet at our Rego Park II shopping center ($6,400,000 of annual revenue), filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and closed its store on December 7, 2020.
Based on our assessment of the probability of collecting rent from certain tenants, we have written off as uncollectible tenant receivables of $4,122,000 during the year ended December 31, 2020, resulting in a reduction of rental revenues. Of this amount, $2,716,000 is attributable to Century 21. In addition, we have written off receivables arising from the straight-lining of rents related to these tenants of $10,837,000 during the year ended December 31 2020, resulting in a reduction of rental revenues. Of this amount, $5,919,000 is attributable to Century 21. Prospectively, revenue recognition for these tenants will be based on actual amounts received.

3.    SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation – The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our consolidated subsidiaries.  All intercompany amounts have been eliminated. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.
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ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
2.    SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued
Certain prior year balances have been reclassified in order to conform toRecently Issued Accounting Literature - In March 2020, the current period presentation. For the year ended December 31, 2018, “property rentals” of $152,795,000 and “expense reimbursements” of $80,030,000 were grouped into “rental revenues” on our consolidated statements of income in accordance withFinancial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-04 establishing Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 205 Presentation of FinancialStatements.
Recently Issued Accounting Literature – In March 2020, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2020-04”) establishing ASC Topic 848, Reference Rate Reform.Reform, and in January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2020-042021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope (collectively, “ASC 848”). ASC 848 contains practical expedients for reference rate reform related activities that impact debt, leases, derivatives and other contracts. The guidance in ASU 2020-04ASC 848 is optional and may be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occur. We have elected to apply the hedge accounting expedients related to probability and the assessments of effectiveness for future LIBOR-indexed cash flows to assume that the index upon which future hedged transactions will be based matches the index on the corresponding derivatives. Application of these expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives consistent with past presentation. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 (“ASU 2022-06”), which was issued to defer the sunset date of ASC 848 to December 31, 2024. ASU 2022-06 is effective immediately for all companies. As of December 31, 2023, we have transitioned all of our LIBOR-indexed debt and derivatives and, for our derivatives in hedge accounting relationships, utilized the elective relief in ASC 848, allowing for the continuation of hedge accounting through the transition process.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”).ASU 2023-07 aims to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 requires disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. The update also requires disclosure regarding the chief operating decision maker and expands the interim segment disclosure requirements. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the guidance andASU 2023-07 on our options related to the practical expedients.consolidated financial statements.
In April 2020,December 2023, the FASB issued a Staff Q&A on accounting for leases during the COVID-19 pandemic, focused on the application of lease guidance in ASC Topic 842,ASU 2023-09, LeasesIncome Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASC 842”ASU 2023-09”). The Staff Q&A states that it would be acceptable to make a policy election regarding rent concessions resulting from COVID-19, which would not requireASU 2023-09 requires entities to accountdisclose additional information with respect to the effective tax rate reconciliation and to disclose the disaggregation by jurisdiction of income tax expense and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for these rent concessions as lease modifications when total cash flows resulting fromfiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the modified contract are “substantially the same or less” than the cash flows in the original contract. Entities making the election will continue to recognize rental revenueimpact of ASU 2023-09 on a straight-line basis for qualifying concessions. In limited circumstances, we granted temporary rent deferrals and rent abatements to certain tenants as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We have made a policy election in accordance with the Staff Q&A allowing us to not account for these rent concessions as lease modifications. Accordingly, rent abatements are recognized as reductions to “rental revenues” during the period in which they were granted. Rent deferrals result in an increase to “tenant and other receivables” during the deferral period with no impact on rental revenue recognition. For any concessions that do not meet the guidance contained in the Staff Q&A, the modification guidance in accordance with ASC 842 will be applied. See Note 2 - our consolidated financial statements.COVID-19 Pandemic for further details.

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ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
3.    SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued
Real Estate – Real estate is carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization.  As of December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, the carrying amount of our real estate, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, was $720,921,000 and $716,843,000, $650,717,000 and $688,330,000, respectively.  Maintenance and repairs are generally expensed as incurred.  Depreciation requires an estimate by management of the useful life of each property and improvement as well as an allocation of the costs associated with a property to its various components. We capitalize all property operating expenses directly associated with and attributable to, the development and construction of a project, including interest expense. The capitalization period begins when development activities are underway and ends when it is determined that the asset is substantially complete and ready for its intended use, which is typically evidenced by the receipt of a temporary certificate of occupancy. General and administrative costs are expensed as incurred.
 
Our properties including properties to be developed in the future, are individually reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable.  An impairment exists when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset, including an estimated terminal value calculated using an appropriate capitalization rate.  Estimates of future cash flows are based on our current plans, intended holding periods and available market information at the time the analyses are prepared.  For our development properties, estimates of future cash flows also include all future expenditures necessary to develop the asset, including interest payments that will be capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable and is measured based on the excess of the property’s carrying amount over its estimated fair value.  If our estimates of future cash flows, anticipated holding periods, or fair values change, based on market conditions or otherwise, our evaluation of impairment charges may be different and such differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements.  Estimates of future cash flows are subjective and are based, in part, on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results.  Plans to hold properties over longer periods decrease the likelihood of recording impairment losses.

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ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued
Revenue Recognition Our rentalRental revenues include revenues from the leasing of space to tenants at our properties to tenants, tenant services and revenues from parking and tenant services. Wegarage revenues.We have the following revenue recognition policies:
Lease revenuesRevenues from the leasing of space at our properties to tenants atinclude (i) lease components, including fixed and variable lease payments, and nonlease components which include reimbursement of common area maintenance expenses, and (ii) reimbursement of real estate taxes and insurance expenses. As lessor, we have elected to combine the lease and nonlease components of our properties. operating lease agreements and account for the components as a single lease component in accordance with ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”).
Revenues derived from base rentfixed lease payments for operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable term of the related leases on a straight-line basis which includes the effectslease, together with renewal options that are reasonably certain of rent steps and rent abatements.being exercised. We commence rental revenue recognition when the underlying asset is available for use by the lessee. In addition, in circumstances where we provide a tenant improvement allowance for improvements that are owned by the tenant, we recognize the allowance as a reduction of rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the termtakes possession of the lease. leased space and the leased space is substantially ready for its intended use.
Revenues derived from the reimbursement of real estate taxes, insurance expenses and common area maintenance expenses are generally recognized in the same period as the related expenses are incurred. As lessor, we have elected to combine the lease components (base and variable rent), non-lease components (reimbursements of common area maintenance expenses) and reimbursement of real estate taxes and insurance expenses from our operating lease agreements and account for the components as a single lease component in accordance with ASC 842.

Parking revenue arisingRevenues derived from the rental of parking spacessub-metered electric, elevator, trash removal and other services provided to our tenants at our properties. This income istheir request are recognized as the services are transferred in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“("ASC 606”606").

•     TenantRevenues derived from the operations of our parking facilities, which charge hourly or monthly fees to provide parking services is revenue arising from sub-metered electric, elevator and other services provided to tenants at their request. This revenue iscustomers, are recognized as the services are transferred in accordance with ASC 606.
Under ASC 842, we must assessWe evaluate on an individual lease basis whether it is probable that we will collect substantially all of the future lease payments. We consider the tenant’s payment historyamounts due from our tenants and current credit status when assessing collectability. When collectability is not deemed probable, we write-off the tenant’s receivables, including straight-line rent receivable, and limit lease income to cash received. We recognize changes in the collectability assessment of our operating leases as adjustments to rental revenues.
Prior torevenue. Management exercises judgment in assessing collectability of tenant receivables and considers payment history, current credit status and publicly available information about the adoptionfinancial condition of ASC 842, we maintained an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses onthe tenant, and other factors. Tenant receivables, under our lease agreements, including receivables arising from the straight-lining of rent. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we had $4,459,000 of additions charged against operations and $5,289,000 of uncollectible accountsrents, are written off with an ending allowance for doubtful accounts balancewhen management deems that the collectability of $671,000 assubstantially all future lease payments from a specific lease is not probable of December 31, 2018.
collection, at which point, the Company will limit future rental revenues to cash received.

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ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
3.    SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Cash and Cash Equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased and are carried at cost, which approximates fair value, due to their short-term maturities.  The majority of our cash and cash equivalents consist of (i) deposits at major commercial banks, which may at times exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit, (ii) United States Treasury Bills, (iii) money market funds, which invest in United StatesU.S. Treasury Billsbills and (iv)(iii) certificates of deposit placed through an account registry service (“CDARS”). To date we have not experienced any losses on our invested cash.   
Restricted Cash Restricted cash primarily consists of security deposits and other cash escrowed under loan and interest rate derivative agreements, including for debt service, real estate taxes, property insurance and capital improvements.

Marketable SecuritiesInvestments in U.S. Treasury Bills Our marketable securities consist Treasury bills are short-term debt obligations with maturities of common shares of The Macerich Company (“Macerich”) (NYSE: MAC).  These sharesone year or less backed by the U.S. Treasury Department. Treasury bills yield no interest, but are presentedissued at a discount on their redemption prices. We classify our investments in U.S. Treasury bills as available-for-sale debt investments, recorded at fair value onwith any changes in fair value during the period recorded in other comprehensive income. These investments are considered Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy as they are highly liquid and are traded in an active secondary market. We use quoted market prices to determine the fair value of our consolidated balance sheets and gains and losses resulting from the mark-to-market of these securities are recognizedinvestments in current period earnings in accordance with ASC Topic 825 (“ASC 825”), U.S. Treasury bills.Financial Instruments (see Note 6).
Deferred Charges – Direct financing costs are deferred and amortized over the terms of the related agreements as a component of interest and debt expense.  Direct and incremental costs related to successful leasing activities are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the lives of the related leases.  All other deferred charges are amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest rate method, in accordance with the terms of the agreements to which they relate.

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ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued
Income Taxes – We operate in a manner intended to enable us to continue to qualify as a REIT under Sections 856 – 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).  In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Code, we must distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to stockholders each year. We distribute to our stockholders 100% of our taxable income and therefore, no provision for Federal income taxes is required. Dividends distributed for the year ended December 31, 20202023 were characterized, for federal income tax purposes, as 100.0% ordinary income. Dividends distributed for the year ended December 31, 2019 were characterized, for federal income tax purposes, as 99.6%41.5% ordinary income and 0.4%58.5% of long-term capital gain income. Dividends distributed for the year ended December 31, 20182022 were categorized,characterized, for federal income tax purposes, as 100.0%100% ordinary income. Dividends distributed for the year ended December 31, 2021 were characterized, for federal income tax purposes, as 58.3% ordinary income and 41.7% of long-term capital gain income. 

The following table reconciles our net income to estimated taxable income attributable to our common stockholders (unaudited) for the years ended December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022 and 2018.
(Unaudited and in thousands)Year Ended December 31,
 202020192018
Net income$41,939 $60,075 $32,844 
Straight-line rent adjustments21,048 2,359 5,870 
Depreciation and amortization2,112 2,751 (6,586)
Change in fair value of marketable securities (see Note 6)8,599 8,757 11,990 
Loss from discontinued operations (see Note 7)23,797 
Other7,677 137 440 
Estimated taxable income$81,375 $74,079 $68,355 
2021 was approximately $98,555,000, $64,960,000, and $101,184,000, respectively. The book to tax differences between net income and estimated taxable income primarily result from differences in the income recognition or deductibility of depreciation and amortization, gains or losses from the sale of real estate and other capital transactions, straight-line rent adjustments, the change in fair value of marketable securities and income from discontinued operations.
As of DecemberDecember 31, 2020,2023, the net basis of our assets and liabilities for tax reporting purposes iswas approximately $139,364,000 lower$145,246,000 lower than the amount reported for financial statement purposes.

3.    REVENUE RECOGNITION
The following is a summary of revenue sources for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
Year Ended December 31,
(Amounts in thousands)202320222021
Lease revenues$216,468 $197,230 $198,109 
Parking revenue4,456 4,897 4,407 
Tenant services4,038 3,687 3,632 
Rental revenues$224,962 $205,814 $206,148 
The components of lease revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(Amounts in thousands)202320222021
Fixed lease revenues$147,569 $135,668 $129,509 
Variable lease revenues68,899 61,562 68,600 
Lease revenues$216,468 $197,230 $198,109 

4. REAL ESTATE SALES
On May 19, 2023, we sold the Rego Park III land parcel in Queens, New York, for $71,060,000 inclusive of consideration for Brownfield tax benefits and reimbursement of costs for plans, specifications and improvements to date. Net proceeds from the sale were $67,821,000 after closing costs and the financial statement gain was $53,952,000.
On June 4, 2021, we sold a parcel of land in the Bronx, New York for $10,000,000. Net proceeds from the sale were $9,291,000 after closing costs and the financial statement gain was $9,124,000.
On October 4, 2021, we sold 30.3 acres of land located in Paramus, New Jersey to IKEA Property, Inc., the tenant at the property, for $75,000,000, pursuant to the tenant’s purchase option contained in the lease. Net proceeds from the sale were $4,580,000 after closing costs and the repayment of the $68,000,000 mortgage loan. The financial statement gain was $60,826,000.


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ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
4.    REVENUE RECOGNITION
The following is a summary of revenue sources for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
Year Ended December 31,
(Amounts in thousands)202020192018
Lease revenues (1)
$191,416 $217,251 $223,388 
Parking revenue4,207 5,608 5,680 
Tenant services3,519 3,491 3,757 
Rental revenues$199,142 $226,350 $232,825 
(1) Reduced by $14,959 and $209 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, for the write-off of lease receivables deemed uncollectable (primarily write-offs of receivables arising from the straight-lining of rents).
The components of lease revenues for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(Amounts in thousands)20202019
Fixed lease revenues$120,395 $142,679 
Variable lease revenues71,021 74,572 
Lease revenues$191,416 $217,251 
5.    RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Vornado
As of December 31, 2020,2023, Vornado ownedowned 32.4% of our outstanding common stock. We are managed by, and our properties are leased and developed by, Vornado, pursuant to the agreements described below, which expire in March of each year and are automatically renewable.
Steven Roth is the Chairman of our Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer, the Managing General Partner of Interstate Properties (“Interstate”), a New Jersey general partnership, and the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Chief Executive Officer of Vornado. As of December 31, 2020,2023, Mr. Roth, Interstate and its other two general partners, David Mandelbaum and Russell B. Wight, Jr. (who are also directors of the Company and trustees of Vornado) owned, in the aggregate, 26.1%26.0% of our outstanding common stock, in addition to the 2.3% they indirectly own through Vornado. Matthew Iocco, our Chief Financial Officer, is the Executive Vice President - Chief Accounting Officer of Vornado. 
Management and Development Agreements
We pay Vornado an annual management fee equal to the sum of (i) $2,800,000, (ii) 2% of gross revenue from the Rego Park II shopping center, (iii) $0.50 per square foot of the tenant-occupied office and retail space at 731 Lexington Avenue, and (iv) $334,000,$365,000, escalating at 3% per annum, for managing the common area of 731 Lexington Avenue.  Vornado is also entitled to a development fee equal to 6% of development costs, as defined.
Leasing and Other Agreements  
Vornado also provides us with leasing services for a fee of 3% of rent for the first ten years of a lease term, 2% of rent for the eleventh through the twentieth year of a lease term, and 1% of rent for the twenty-first through thirtieth year of a lease term, subject to the payment of rents by tenants.  In the event third-party real estate brokers are used, the fees to Vornado increase by 1% and Vornado is responsible for the fees to the third-party real estate brokers. 

Vornado is also entitled to a commission upon the sale of any of our assets equal to 3% of gross proceeds, as defined, for asset sales less than $50,000,000 and 1% of gross proceeds, as defined, for asset sales of $50,000,000 or more.

We also have agreements with Building Maintenance Services, a wholly owned subsidiary of Vornado, to supervise (i) cleaning, engineering and security services at our Lexington Avenue property and (ii) security services at our Rego Park I and Rego Park II properties and The Alexander apartment tower. In addition, we have an agreement with a wholly owned subsidiary of Vornado to manage the parking garages at our Rego Park I and Rego Park II properties.
The following is a summary of fees earned by Vornado under the various agreements discussed above.
 Year Ended December 31,
(Amounts in thousands)202320222021
Company management fees$2,800 $2,800 $2,800 
Development fees— 141 
Leasing fees1,213 1,378 1,800 
Commissions on sales of real estate711 — 1,050 
Property management, cleaning, engineering, parking and security fees6,005 5,912 5,540 
 $10,729 $10,093 $11,331 
As of December 31, 2023, the amounts due to Vornado were $646,000 for management, property management, cleaning, engineering and security fees and $69,000 for leasing fees. As of December 31, 2022, the amounts due to Vornado were $742,000 for management, property management, cleaning, engineering and security fees and $59,000 for leasing fees.
 
6. MORTGAGES PAYABLE
On June 9, 2023, we exercised our remaining one-year extension option on the $500,000,000 interest-only mortgage loan on the office condominium of our 731 Lexington Avenue property. The interest rate on the loan remained at LIBOR plus 0.90% through July 15, 2023 and currently bears interest at the Prime Rate (8.50% as of December 31, 2023) through loan maturity on June 11, 2024. In June 2023, we purchased an interest rate cap for $11,258,000, which capped LIBOR at 6.00% through July 15, 2023 and caps the Prime Rate at 6.00% through loan maturity.


51
48

ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
5.    RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS6. MORTGAGES PAYABLE - continued

The following is a summary of fees to Vornado under the various agreements discussed above.
 Year Ended December 31,
(Amounts in thousands)202020192018
Company management fees$2,800 $2,800 $2,800 
Development fees489 29 125 
Leasing fees276 4,786 13 
Property management, cleaning, engineering 
and security fees5,051 5,015 4,101 
 $8,616 $12,630 $7,039 


As of December 31, 2020, the amounts due to Vornado were $845,000 for management, property management, cleaning, engineering and security fees; $557,000 for development fees; and $114,000 for leasing fees. As of December 31, 2019, the amounts due to Vornado were $795,000 for management, property management, cleaning, engineering and security fees; $68,000 for development fees; and $563,000 for leasing fees.
6.     MARKETABLE SECURITIES
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we owned 564,612 and 535,265 common shares, respectively, of Macerich. The increase in shares owned was due to a dividend received in stock from Macerich during the year ended December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the fair value of these shares was $6,024,000 and $14,409,000, respectively, based on Macerich’s closing share price of $10.67 per share and $26.92 per share, respectively. These shares are presented at fair value as “marketable securities” on our consolidated balance sheets and the gains and losses resulting from the mark-to-market of these securities are recognized in current period earnings.

7.     DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
In 2012, we sold the Kings Plaza Regional Shopping Center (“Kings Plaza”) and paid real property transfer taxes to New York City in connection with the sale. In 2015, the New York City Department of Finance (“NYC DOF”) issued a Notice of Determination to us assessing an additional New York City real property transfer tax amount, including interest.
In 2014, in a case with similar facts, the NYC DOF issued a Notice of Determination to a Vornado joint venture assessing an additional New York City real property transfer tax amount, including interest. In January 2017, a New York City administrative law judge made a determination upholding the Vornado joint venture’s position that such additional real property transfer taxes were not due. On February 16, 2018, the New York City Tax Appeals Tribunal (the “Tribunal”) overturned the January 2017 determination. The Vornado joint venture appealed the Tribunal’s decision to the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York and on April 25, 2019, the Tribunal’s decision was unanimously upheld. The Vornado joint venture filed a motion to reargue the Appellate Division’s decision or for leave to appeal to the New York State Court of Appeals. On December 12, 2019, that motion was denied and the case can no longer be appealed.
Based on the precedent of the Tribunal’s decision, we accrued an expense for the potential additional real property transfer taxes of $23,797,000 ($15,874,000 of real property transfer tax and $7,923,000 of interest) during the three months ended March 31, 2018. On April 5, 2018, we paid this amount in order to stop the interest from accruing. As the results related to Kings Plaza were previously classified as discontinued operations, we have classified the expense as “loss from discontinued operations” on our consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2018 in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant and Equipment. On January 12, 2021, we decided not to further contest the additional real property transfer taxes paid in connection with the sale of Kings Plaza.


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ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
8.    MORTGAGES PAYABLE
On February 14, 2020, we reduced our participation in our Rego Park II shopping center loan to $50,000,000 and received cash proceeds of approximately $145,000,000.
On September 14, 2020, we amended and extended the $350,000,000 mortgage loan on the retail condominium of our 731 Lexington Avenue property. Under the terms of the amendment, we paid down the loan by $50,000,000 to $300,000,000, extended the maturity date to August 2025 and guaranteed the interest payments and certain leasing costs. The principal of the loan is non-recourse to us. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 1.40% (1.55% as of December 31, 2020) which is subject to an interest rate swap with a fixed rate of 1.72%.
On October 23, 2020, we completed a financing of The Alexander apartment tower in the amount of $94,000,000. The interest-only loan has a fixed rate of 2.63% and matures in November 2027.

The following is a summary of our outstanding mortgages payable. We may refinance our maturing debt as it comes due or choose to repay it.
 
 Interest Rate at December 31, 2020Balance at December 31,   Interest Rate at December 31, 2023Balance at December 31,
(Amounts in thousands)(Amounts in thousands)Maturity20202019(Amounts in thousands)Maturity20232022
First mortgages secured by:First mortgages secured by:    First mortgages secured by:  
731 Lexington Avenue, office condominium(1)
731 Lexington Avenue, retail condominium(2)(3)
Rego Park II shopping center(2)(4)
The Alexander apartment tower
Total
Deferred debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of td7,639 and td6,071, respectively
ParamusOct. 04, 20214.72%$68,000 $68,000 
731 Lexington Avenue, office condominium(1)
Jun. 11, 20241.06%500,000 500,000 
731 Lexington Avenue, retail condominium(2)
Aug. 05, 20251.55%300,000 350,000 
Rego Park II shopping center(3)
Dec. 12, 20251.50%202,544 56,836 
The Alexander apartment towerNov. 01, 20272.63%94,000 
Total 1,164,544 974,836 
Deferred debt issuance costs, net of accumulated 
amortization of $13,034 and $14,362, respectively (8,374)(3,875)
 $1,156,170 $970,961 
(1)(1)Interest at LIBOR plus 0.90%. Maturity date represents the extended maturity based on our unilateral right to extend.
(1)
(1)
Interest at the Prime Rate (capped at 6.00% through loan maturity).

(2)(2)Interest at LIBOR plus 1.40% which is subject to an interest rate swap with a fixed rate of 1.72%.(2)Interest rate listed represents the rate in effect as of December 31, 2023 based on SOFR as of contractual reset date plus contractual spread, adjusted for hedging instruments as applicable.
(3)(3)Interest at LIBOR plus 1.35%. The amount of this loan is net of our loan participation of $50,000 and $195,708 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
Interest at SOFR plus 1.51% which was swapped to a fixed rate of 1.76% through May 2025.
(4)(4)Interest at SOFR plus 1.45% (SOFR is capped at a rate of 4.15% through November 2024).

All of our debt is secured by mortgages and/or pledges of the stock of the subsidiaries holding the properties.  The net carrying value of real estate collateralizing the debt amountedamounted to $657,800,000$594,681,000 as of December 31, 2020.2023. Our existing financing documents contain covenants that limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness on these properties, and in certain circumstances, provide for lender approval of tenants’ leases and yield maintenance to prepay them. As of December 31, 2020,2023, the principal repayments (based on the extended loan maturity dates) for the next five years and thereafter are as follows:
(Amounts in thousands) 
Year Ending December 31,Amount
2024$500,000 
2025502,544 
2026— 
202794,000 
2028— 
Thereafter— 
(Amounts in thousands) 
Year Ending December 31,Amount
2021$68,000 
2022
2023
2024500,000 
2025502,544 
Thereafter94,000 

7. MARKETABLE SECURITIES
In December 2021, we sold our 564,612 common shares of The Macerich Company (“Macerich”), realizing cash proceeds of $9,506,000. These shares were received in connection with the sale of Kings Plaza Regional Shopping Center (“Kings Plaza”) to Macerich in 2012. The gains and losses resulting from the mark-to-market of these securities during 2021 were presented as “change in fair value of marketable securities” on our consolidated statement of income.

8. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
In 2012, when we sold Kings Plaza to Macerich, $2,348,000 of the financial statement gain was deferred since a portion of the sales price was received in Macerich common shares. In December 2021, we recognized the $2,348,000 gain upon the disposition of our Macerich common shares.
As the results related to Kings Plaza were previously classified as discontinued operations, we have classified the gain as “income from discontinued operations” on our consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2021 in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant and Equipment.

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ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”) defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value into three levels: Level 1 – quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities;liabilities as well as certain U.S. Treasury securities that are highly liquid and are actively traded in secondary markets; Level 2 – observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted in active markets, but corroborated by market data; and Level 3 – unobservable inputs that are used when little or no market data is available.  The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs and the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs. In determining fair value, we utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as consider counterparty credit risk in our assessment of fair value.  
 
Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value
 
Financial assets measured at fair value on our consolidated balance sheetssheet as of December 31, 2020 and 20192023 consist of marketable securitiesinterest rate derivatives, which are presented in the table below based on their level in the fair value hierarchy, and an interest rate cap, thehierarchy. There were no financial liabilities measured at fair value of which was insignificant as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. 2023. 
 As of December 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Interest rate derivatives (included in other assets)$22,608 $— $22,608 $— 
Financial liabilitiesassets measured at fair value on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 20202022 consist of anU.S. Treasury bills (classified as available for-sale) and interest rate swapderivatives, which isare presented in the table below based on itstheir level in the fair value hierarchy. There were no financial liabilities measured at fair value as of December 31, 2022.
 As of December 31, 2022
(Amounts in thousands)TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Investments in U.S. Treasury bills$266,963 $266,963 $— $— 
Interest rate derivatives (included in other assets)29,351 — 29,351 — 
$296,314 $266,963 $29,351 $— 
 As of December 31, 2020
(Amounts in thousands)TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Marketable securities$6,024 $6,024 $$
Liabilities:
Interest rate swap (included in other liabilities)$667 $$667 $
 As of December 31, 2019
(Amounts in thousands)TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Marketable securities$14,409 $14,409 $$
Interest Rate Derivatives
We recognize the fair value of all interest rate derivatives in “other assets” or “other liabilities” on our consolidated balance sheets and since all of our interest rate derivatives have been designated as cash flow hedges, changes in the fair value are recognized in other comprehensive income. The table below summarizes our interest rate derivatives, all of which hedge the interest rate risk attributable to the variable rate debt noted as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
 Fair Value Asset as of December 31,As of December 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)20232022Notional AmountSwapped RateExpiration Date
Interest rate swap related to:
731 Lexington Avenue mortgage loan, retail condominium$16,315 $26,718 $300,000 1.76%5/25
Interest rate caps related to:
Rego Park II shopping center mortgage loan1,370 2,622 202,544 (1)11/24
731 Lexington Avenue mortgage loan, office condominium4,923 11 500,000 (2)06/24
Included in other assets$22,608 $29,351 
(1)SOFR cap strike rate of 4.15%.
(2)
In June 2023, we purchased an interest rate cap for $11,258, which capped LIBOR at 6.00% through July 15, 2023 and caps the Prime Rate (8.50% as of December 31, 2023) at 6.00% through loan maturity. See Note 6 - Mortgages Payable for further information.



50

ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - continued
Financial Assets and Liabilities not Measured at Fair Value
Financial assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets include cash equivalents and mortgages payable. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value due to their short-term maturities and are classified as Level 1. The fair value of our mortgages payable is calculated by discounting the future contractual cash flows of these instruments using current risk-adjusted rates available to borrowers with similar credit ratings, which are provided by a third-party specialist, and is classified as Level 2. The table below summarizes the carrying amount and fair value of these financial instruments as of December 31, 20202023 and 2019.2022.
 As of December 31, 2023As of December 31, 2022
 CarryingFairCarryingFair
(Amounts in thousands)AmountValueAmountValue
Assets:    
Cash equivalents$363,535 $363,535 $47,852 $47,852 
Liabilities:
Mortgages payable (excluding deferred debt issuance costs, net)$1,096,544 $1,071,887 $1,096,544 $1,061,221 
 As of December 31, 2020As of December 31, 2019
 CarryingFairCarryingFair
(Amounts in thousands)AmountValueAmountValue
Assets:    
Cash equivalents$393,070 $393,070 $263,688 $263,688 
Liabilities:
Mortgages payable (excluding deferred debt issuance costs, net)$1,164,544 $1,130,000 $974,836 $974,000 
54

ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
10. LEASES
As Lessor
We lease space to tenants under operating leases in an office building and in retail centers.  The rental terms range from approximately 5 to 25 years.  The leases provide for the payment of fixed base rents payable monthly in advance as well as reimbursements of real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance costs.  Retail leases may also provide for the payment by the lessee of additional rents based on a percentage of their sales. We also lease residential space at The Alexander apartment tower withwhich generally have a 1 or 2 year lease terms. We have elected to account for lease revenues (including fixed and variable rent) and the reimbursement of common area maintenance expenses as a single lease component presented as “rental revenues” on our consolidated statements of income.
Future undiscounted cash flows under our contractual non-cancelable operating leases are as follows:
(Amounts in thousands)(Amounts in thousands)As of December 31, 2020(Amounts in thousands)As of December 31, 2023
For the year ending December 31,For the year ending December 31,
2021$132,812 
2022126,002 
2023127,115 
2024
2024
20242024135,274 
20252025124,595 
2026
2027
2028
ThereafterThereafter475,364 
 
These amounts do not include reimbursements or additional rents based on a percentage of retail tenants’ sales.

Bloomberg accounted for revenuerevenue of $109,066,000, $109,113,000,$120,351,000, $115,129,000, and $107,356,000$113,140,000 in the years ended December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022 and 2018,2021, respectively, representing approximately 55%54%, 48%56% and 46%55% of our totalrental revenues in each year, respectively. No other tenant accounted for more than 10% of our totalour rental revenues. If we were to lose Bloomberg as a tenant, or if Bloomberg were to be unable to fulfill its obligations under its lease, it would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. In order to assist us in our continuing assessment of Bloomberg’s creditworthiness, we receive certain confidential financial information and metrics from Bloomberg. In addition, we access and evaluate financial information regarding Bloomberg from other private sources, as well as publicly available data.


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ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
10. LEASES - continued
As Lessee
We are the lessee under a ground lease at our Flushing property, classified as an operating lease, which expires in 2027 and has 1one 10-year extension option. OnIn January 1, 2019,2022, New World Mall LLC, the subtenant at the property, exercised its one remaining 10-year extension option through January 2037. As a result of the subtenant exercising its extension option, we recorded awere required by GAAP to remeasure our ground lease liability based upon an estimate of lease payments to be made during the 10-year extension period of our ground lease resulting in an incremental right-of-use asset and lease liability related to this ground lease equal toof approximately $16,000,000. The discount rate applied in the present valueremeasurement of the remaining minimum lease payments.liability was based on the incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) of 5.86% at the time of the remeasurement. We considered the general economic environment and factored in various Company specific adjustments to arrive at the IBR. As of December 31, 2020,2023, the remaining right-of-use asset of $3,974,000 $17,522,000 and the lease liability of $4,236,000,$20,452,000, are included in “other assets” and “other liabilities,” respectively, on our consolidated balance sheet. The discount rate applied to measure the right-of-use asset and lease liability is based on the incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) for the property of 4.53%. We considered the general economic environment and factored in various financing and asset specific adjustments so that the IBR was appropriate to the intended use of the underlying lease. As we did not elect to apply hindsight, the lease term assumption determined under ASC Topic 840, Leases was carried forward and applied in calculating our lease liability recorded under ASC 842.

55

ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
10.    LEASES - continued

Future lease payments under this operating lease, excludingincluding our estimated payments during the extension option,period, are as follows:
(Amounts in thousands)(Amounts in thousands)As of December 31, 2020(Amounts in thousands)As of December 31, 2023
For the year ending December 31,For the year ending December 31,
2021$800 
2022800 
2023800 
2024
2024
20242024800 
20252025800 
2026
2027
2028
ThereafterThereafter800 
Total undiscounted cash flowsTotal undiscounted cash flows4,800 
Present value discountPresent value discount(564)
Lease liability as of December 31, 2020$4,236 
Lease liability as of December 31, 2023


We recognize rent expenseexpense as a component of “operating” expenses on our consolidated statements of income on a straight-line basis. Rent expense was $2,161,000, $2,161,000 and $746,000 in each of the years ended December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022 and 2018,2021, respectively. Cash paid for rent expense was $800,000 in each of the years ended December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022 and 2018,2021, respectively.

11. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). Our 2016 Omnibus Stock Plan (the “Plan”) provides for grants of incentive and non-qualified stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, deferred stock units (“DSUs”) and performance shares, as defined, to the directors, officers and employees of the Company and Vornado.
In May 2020,2023, we granted each of the members of our Board of Directors 329449 DSUs with a market value of $75,000 per grant. The grant date fair value of these awards was $56,250 per grant, or $450,000 in the aggregate, in accordance with ASC 718. In addition, 876 DSUs, constituting an initial award with a market value of $200,000, were granted to a newly appointed Director. The grant date fair value of this award was $150,000 in accordance with ASC 718. The DSUs entitle the holders to receive shares of the Company’s common stock without the payment of any consideration. The DSUs vested immediately and accordingly, were expensed on the date of grant, but the shares of common stock underlying the DSUs are not deliverable to the grantee until the grantee is no longer serving on the Company’s Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2020,2023, there were 14,91623,388 DSUs outstanding and 490,871482,399 shares were available for future grant under the Plan.
 









5652

ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Insurance
WeWe maintain general liability insurance with limits of $300,000,000 per occurrence and per property, of which the first $1,000,000$30,000,000 includes communicable disease coverage, and all-risk property and rental value insurance coverage with limits of $1.7 billion per occurrence, including coverage for acts of terrorism, with sub-limits for certain perils such as floods and earthquakes on each of our properties and excluding communicable disease coverage.
Fifty Ninth Street Insurance Company, LLC (“FNSIC”), our wholly owned consolidated subsidiary, acts as a direct insurer for coverage for acts of terrorism, including nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological (“NBCR”) acts, as defined by the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002, as amended to date and which has been extended through December 2027. Coverage for acts of terrorism (including NBCR acts) is up to $1.7 billion per occurrence and in the aggregate. Coverage for acts of terrorism (excluding NBCR acts) is fully reinsured by third party insurance companies and the Federal government with no exposure to FNSIC. For NBCR acts, FNSIC is responsible for a $275,000$316,000 deductible and 20% of the balance of a covered loss, and the Federal government is responsible for the remaining 80% of a covered loss. We are ultimately responsible for any loss incurred by FNSIC.
We continue to monitor the state of the insurance market and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism or other events. However, we cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in the future. We are responsible for uninsured losses and for deductibles and losses in excess of our insurance coverage, which could be material.
The principal amounts of our mortgage loans are non-recourse to us and theOur loans contain customary covenants requiring us to maintain insurance. Although we believe that we have adequate insurance coverage for purposes of these agreements, we may not be able to obtain an equivalent amount of coverage at reasonable costs in the future. If lenders insist on greater coverage than we are able to obtain, it could adversely affect our ability to finance or refinance our properties.

Paramus
In 2001, we leased 30.3 acres of land located in Paramus, New Jersey to IKEA. The lease expires in 2041, with a purchase option in October 2021 for $75,000,000. The property is encumbered by a $68,000,000 interest-only mortgage loan with a fixed rate of 4.72%, which matures in October 2021. The annual triple-net rent is the sum of $700,000 plus the amount of interest on the mortgage loan. If the purchase option is exercised, we will receive net cash proceeds of approximately $7,000,000 and recognize a gain on sale of land of approximately $60,000,000. If the purchase option is not exercised, the triple-net rent for the last 20 years would include debt service sufficient to fully amortize $68,000,000 over the remaining 20-year lease term.
Rego Park I Litigation

In June 2014, Sears Roebuck and Co. (“Sears”) filed a lawsuit in the Supreme Court of the State of New York against Vornado and us (and certain of our subsidiaries) with regard to the 195,000 square foot store that Sears formerly leased at our Rego Park I property alleging that the defendants are liable for harm that Sears has suffered as a result of (a) water intrusions into the premises, (b) 2 fires in February 2014 that caused damages to those premises, and (c) alleged violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act in the premises’ parking garage. Sears asserted various causes of actions for damages and sought to compel compliance with landlord’s obligations to repair the premises and to provide security, and to compel us to abate a nuisance that Sears claims was a cause of the water intrusions into its premises. In addition to injunctive relief, Sears sought, among other things, damages of not less than $4,000,000 and future damages it estimated would not be less than $25,000,000. In March 2016, Sears withdrew its claim for future damages leaving a remaining claim for property damages, which we estimate to be approximately $650,000 based on information provided by Sears. We intend to defend the remaining claim vigorously. The amount or range of reasonably possible losses, if any, is not expected to be greater than $650,000. On October 15, 2018, Sears filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy relief resulting in an automatic stay of this case.

Letters of Credit
Approximately $960,000$900,000 of standby letters of credit were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020.2023.
 
Other
There are various other legal actions brought against us from time-to-time in the ordinary course of business. In our opinion, the outcome of such pending matters in the aggregate will not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

57

ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
13. MULTIEMPLOYER BENEFIT PLANS
Our subsidiaries make contributions to certain multiemployer defined benefit plans (“Multiemployer Pension Plans”) and health plans (“Multiemployer Health Plans”) for our union represented employees, pursuant to the respective collective bargaining agreements.

Multiemployer Pension Plans
Multiemployer Pension Plans differ from single-employer pension plans in that (i) contributions to multiemployer plans may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers and (ii) if other participating employers fail to make their contributions, each of our subsidiaries may be required to bear their pro rata share of unfunded obligations. If a participating subsidiary withdraws from a plan in which it participates, it may be subject to a withdrawal liability. As of December 31, 2020,2023, our subsidiaries’ participation in these plans were not significant to our consolidated financial statements.
In the years ended December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022 and 20182021 our subsidiaries contributed $191,000, $172,000$215,000, $178,000 and $161,000,$217,000, respectively, towards Multiemployer Pension Plans. Our subsidiaries’ contributions did not represent more than 5% of total employer contributions in any of these plans for the years ended December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022 and 2018.
2021.
Multiemployer Health Plans
 
Multiemployer Health Plans in which our subsidiaries participate provide health benefits to eligible active and retired employees.  In the years ended December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022 and 20182021 our subsidiaries contributed $672,000, $686,000$1,005,000, $839,000 and $649,000,$748,000, respectively, towards these plans.





53

ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
14. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted income per share, including a reconciliation of net income and the number of shares used in computing basic and diluted income per share.  Basic income per share is determined using the weighted average shares of common stock (including DSUs) outstanding during the period. Diluted income per share is determined using the weighted average shares of common stock (including DSUs) outstanding during the period, and assumes all potentially dilutive securities were converted into common shares at the earliest date possible. There were 0no potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022 and 2018.2021.
 
Year Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)202020192018(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)202320222021
Income from continuing operationsIncome from continuing operations$41,939 $60,075 $56,641 
Loss from discontinued operations (see Note 7)(23,797)
Income from discontinued operations (see Note 8)
Net incomeNet income$41,939 $60,075 $32,844 
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic and dilutedWeighted average shares outstanding – basic and diluted5,120,922 5,118,198 5,116,838 
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic and diluted
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic and diluted
Income from continuing operationsIncome from continuing operations$8.19 $11.74 $11.07 
Loss from discontinued operations (see Note 7)(4.65)
Income from continuing operations
Income from continuing operations
Income from discontinued operations (see Note 8)
Net income per common share – basic and dilutedNet income per common share – basic and diluted$8.19 $11.74 $6.42 

5854


ITEM 9.    CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
 
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures – Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, havehas evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
 
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting – There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
5955


MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER
FINANCIAL REPORTING
 
The management of Alexander’s, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries (the “Company”), is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting.  The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
 
As of December 31, 2020,2023, management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.  Based on this assessment, management has determined that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 20202023 is effective.
 
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets; provide reasonable assurances that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors of the Company; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
 
The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 20202023 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing on page 6157 of thisthis Annual Report on Form 10-K, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020.2023.
6056


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Alexander’s, Inc.


Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Alexander’s, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020,2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020,2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, of the Company and our report dated February 16, 2021,12, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

New York, New York
February 16, 202112, 2024


6157


ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.

PART III
 
ITEM 10.   DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Information relating to our directors, including our audit committee and audit committee financial expert, will be contained in a definitive Proxy Statement involving the election of directors pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.  We will file the Proxy Statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after December 31, 2020.2023.  Such information is incorporated by reference herein.  Also incorporated herein by reference is the information under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” of the Proxy Statement.
 
Executive Officers of the Registrant

The following is a list of the names, ages, principal occupations and positions with us of our executive officers and the positions held by such officers during the past five years.
 
  PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION, POSITION AND OFFICE
NameAge(Current and during past five years with the Company unless otherwise stated)
Steven Roth7982Chairman of the Board since May 2004 and Chief Executive Officer since March 1995; Chairman of the Board of Vornado Realty Trust since May 1989; Chief Executive Officer of Vornado Realty Trust since April 2013 and from May 1989 to May 2009; a Trustee of Vornado Realty Trust since 1979; and Managing General Partner of Interstate Properties.
Matthew IoccoGary Hansen5046
Chief Financial Officer since April 2017; Executive Vice President - Chief Accounting Officer of Vornado Realty Trust since May 2015; andNovember 2021; Senior Vice President - Chief Accounting Officer of Vornado Realty Trust& Controller from January 2018 to October 2021; and Vice President & Controller from May 20122015 to May 2015.December 2017.
 
We have a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to, among others, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.  The code is posted on our website at www.alx-inc.com.  We intend to satisfy our disclosure obligation regarding amendments and waivers of this code applicable to our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer by posting such information on our website.
6258


ITEM 11.   EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information relating to executive compensation will be contained in the Proxy Statement referred to in “Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  Such information is incorporated by reference herein.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Information relating to security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management and related stockholder matters, except as set forth below, will be contained in the Proxy Statement referred to in “Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  Such information is incorporated by reference herein.
 
Equity Compensation Plan Information  
 
The following table provides information as of December 31, 2020,2023, regarding our equity compensation.
Plan CategoryPlan Category(a)
Number of securities
to be issued upon
exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under
equity compensation
plans (excluding
securities reflected in
column (a))
Plan Category(a)
Number of securities
to be issued upon
exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under
equity compensation
plans (excluding
securities reflected in
column (a))
Equity compensation plans approved by security holdersEquity compensation plans approved by security holders14,916 $— 490,871 
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holdersEquity compensation plans not approved by security holdersN/AN/AN/AEquity compensation plans not approved by security holdersN/A
TotalTotal14,916 $— 490,871 

ITEM 13.      CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Information relating to certain relationships and related transactions and director independence will be contained in the Proxy Statement referred to in “Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  Such information is incorporated by reference herein.
 
ITEM 14.      PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTINGACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Information relating to principal accountingaccountant fees and services will be contained in the Proxy Statement referred to in “Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  Such information is incorporated by reference herein.
6359


PART IV
 
ITEM 15.      EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)        The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
1.    The consolidated financial statements are set forth in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
2.    The following financial statement schedule should be read in conjunction with the financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 Pages in this
Annual Report
on Form 10-K
Schedule III – Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation as of 
December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022 and 2018202165-6661-62
 
All other financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, not required, or the information is included elsewhere in the consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.
 
 
6460


ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE IIISCHEDULE IIISCHEDULE III
REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATIONREAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATIONREAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)(Amounts in thousands)(Amounts in thousands)
COLUMN A
COLUMN A
COLUMN ACOLUMN ACOLUMN BCOLUMN CCOLUMN DCOLUMN ECOLUMN FCOLUMN GCOLUMN HCOLUMN ICOLUMN BCOLUMN CCOLUMN DCOLUMN ECOLUMN FCOLUMN GCOLUMN HCOLUMN I
   Gross Amount at Which   Life on which Depreciation in Latest Income Statement is Computed    Gross Amount at Which   Life on which Depreciation in Latest Income Statement is Computed
 
Initial Cost to Company(1)
Costs
Capitalized
Subsequent
to Acquisition
Carried at Close of PeriodAccumulated
Depreciation
and
Amortization
  
  Buildings
and Leasehold
Improvements
 Buildings
and Leasehold
Improvements
Development
and
Construction
In Progress
   
  Costs
Capitalized
Subsequent
to Acquisition
  Date of
Construction
Accumulated
Depreciation
and
Amortization
Date
Acquired(1)
DescriptionDescription
Encumbrances(2)
LandBuildings
and Leasehold
Improvements
Costs
Capitalized
Subsequent
to Acquisition
LandBuildings
and Leasehold
Improvements
Development
and
Construction
In Progress
Total(3)
Date of
Construction
Date
Acquired(1)
Accumulated
Depreciation
and
Amortization
Life on which Depreciation in Latest Income Statement is Computed
New York, NY      
Description
Description
Rego Park I
Rego Park I
Rego Park IRego Park I$$1,647 $8,953 $84,261 $1,647 $86,721 $6,493 $94,861 $38,451 195919923-39 years$— $$1,647 $$8,953 $$93,138 $$1,647 $$102,091 $$— $$103,738 $$47,931 1959195919923-39 years
Rego Park IIRego Park II202,544 (4)3,127 1,467 389,150 3,127 390,114 503 393,744 113,318 200919923-40 yearsRego Park II202,544 3,127 3,127 1,467 1,467 390,267 390,267 3,127 3,127 391,453 391,453 281 281 394,861 394,861 135,791 135,791 2009200919923-40 years
The Alexander apartment towerThe Alexander apartment tower94,000 119,112 119,112 119,112 21,028 201619923-39 yearsThe Alexander apartment tower94,000 — — — — 115,074 115,074 — — 115,074 115,074 — — 115,074 115,074 27,036 27,036 2016201619923-39 years
Rego Park III779 5,292 779 527 4,765 6,071 325 N/A19925-15 years
FlushingFlushing1,660 (107)1,553 1,553 1,146 
1975(5)
1992N/AFlushing— — — 1,660 1,660 (107)(107)— — 1,553 1,553 — — 1,553 1,553 1,324 1,324 
1975(4)
1975(4)
1992N/A
Lexington AvenueLexington Avenue800,000 14,432 12,355 416,994 27,497 416,284 443,781 175,854 200319929-39 yearsLexington Avenue800,000 14,432 14,432 12,355 12,355 424,607 424,607 27,497 27,497 423,897 423,897 — — 451,394 451,394 203,821 203,821 2003200319929-39 years
Paramus, NJ68,000 1,441 10,313 11,754 11,754 N/A1992N/A
Other Properties167 1,804 (1,804)167 167 N/A1992N/A
TOTALTOTAL$1,164,544 $21,593 $26,239 $1,023,211 $44,971 $1,014,311 $11,761 $1,071,043 $350,122  TOTAL$1,096,544 $$19,206 $$24,435 $$1,022,979 $$32,271 $$1,034,068 $$281 $$1,066,620 $$415,903   
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).(2) Excludes deferred debt issuance costs, net of $8,374.(3) The net basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities for tax purposes is approximately $139,364 lower than the amount reported for financial statement purposes.(4) The amount of this loan is net of our $50,000 loan participation.(5) Represents the date the lease was acquired.
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(1) Initial cost is as of May 15, 1992 (the date on which the Company commenced its real estate operations).
(2) Excludes deferred debt issuance costs, net of $3,993.(2) Excludes deferred debt issuance costs, net of $3,993.
(3) The net basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities for tax purposes is approximately $145,246 lower than the amount reported for financial statement purposes.
(3) The net basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities for tax purposes is approximately $145,246 lower than the amount reported for financial statement purposes.
(4) Represents the date the lease was acquired.(4) Represents the date the lease was acquired.

6561


ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE IIISCHEDULE IIISCHEDULE III
REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATIONREAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATIONREAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
(Amounts in thousands)(Amounts in thousands)(Amounts in thousands)
December 31, December 31,
202020192018 202320222021
REAL ESTATE:REAL ESTATE:   REAL ESTATE:   
Balance at beginning of periodBalance at beginning of period$1,041,342 $1,027,691 $1,037,368 
Changes during the period:
Additions during the period:
Land
Land
LandLand
Buildings and leasehold improvementsBuildings and leasehold improvements31,134 5,579 3,218 
Development and construction in progressDevelopment and construction in progress(557)8,072 695 
1,071,919 1,041,342 1,041,281 
Less: Fully depreciated assets(876)(13,590)
Less:
Assets sold
Assets sold
Assets sold
Assets written-off
Balance at end of periodBalance at end of period$1,071,043 $1,041,342 $1,027,691 
ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION:ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION:
ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION:
ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION:
Balance at beginning of periodBalance at beginning of period$324,499 $297,421 $283,044 
Additions charged to operating expenses26,499 27,078 27,967 
Balance at beginning of period
Balance at beginning of period
Depreciation expense
350,998 324,499 311,011 
Less: Fully depreciated assets(876)(13,590)
Less:
Accumulated depreciation on assets sold
Accumulated depreciation on assets sold
Accumulated depreciation on assets sold
Accumulated depreciation on assets written-off
Balance at end of periodBalance at end of period$350,122 $324,499 $297,421 


6662


ITEM 15.      EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES - continued
(b)      Exhibits
Exhibit No.        
  -Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on September 20, 1995*
          
  -
By-laws, as amended.Amended and Restated By-laws. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 3(ii)3.1 to the registrant’s QuarterlyCurrent Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 20008-K filed on May 20, 2022.
*
-Description of the Alexander’s, Inc. securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act***
          
10.1  -Real Estate Retention Agreement dated as of July 20, 1992, between Vornado Realty Trust and Keen Realty Consultants, Inc., each as special real estate consultants, and the Company. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(i)(O) to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 25, 1992*
          
  -Extension Agreement to the Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated as of February 6, 1995, between the Company and Vornado Realty Trust. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(i)(G)(2) to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1994*
          
  -Agreement of Lease dated as of April 30, 2001 between Seven Thirty One Limited Partnership, landlord, and Bloomberg L.P., tenant. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(v) B to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2001, filed on August 2, 2001*
          
-Lease dated as of October 2, 2001 by and between ALX of Paramus LLC, as Landlord, and IKEA Property, Inc. as Tenant. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(v)(C)(4) to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001, filed on March 13, 2002*
  -First Amendment to Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2002, by and between Alexander’s, Inc. and Vornado Realty, L.P. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(i)(E)(3) to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002, filed on August 7, 2002*
          
  -59th Street Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2002, by and between Vornado Realty, L.P., 731 Residential LLC and 731 Commercial LLC. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(i)(E)(4) to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002, filed on August 7, 2002*
          
  -Amended and Restated Management and Development Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2002, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., the subsidiaries party thereto and Vornado Management Corp. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(i)(F)(1) to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002, filed on August 7, 2002
     
 -Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of 731 Residential LLC, dated as of July 3, 2002, among 731 Residential Holding LLC, as the sole member, Domenic A. Borriello, as an Independent Manager and Kim Lutthang, as an Independent Manager. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(i)(A)(1) to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002, filed on August 7, 2002*
     
 -Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of 731 Commercial LLC, dated as of July 3, 2002, among 731 Commercial Holding LLC, as the sole member, Domenic A. Borriello, as an Independent Manager and Kim Lutthang, as an Independent Manager. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(i)(A)(2) to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002, filed on August 7, 2002*
___________________
*Incorporated by reference.
***Filed herewith.
67


-First Amendment of Lease, dated as of April 19, 2002, between Seven Thirty One Limited Partnership, landlord and Bloomberg L.P., tenant. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(v)(B)(2) to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2002, filed on August 7, 2002*
___________________
*Incorporated by reference.
***Filed herewith.
63


-Second Amendment to Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2007, by and between Alexander’s, Inc. and Vornado Realty L.P.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.64 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, filed on February 26, 2007*
   
-Amendment to 59th Street Real Estate Retention agreement, dated as of January 1, 2007, by and among Vornado Realty L.P., 731 Retail One LLC, 731 Restaurant LLC, 731 Office One LLC and 731 Office Two LLC.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.65 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, filed on February 26, 2007*
    
-First Amendment to Amended and Restated Management and Development Agreement, dated as of July 6, 2005, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., the subsidiaries party thereto and Vornado Management Corp.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.52 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed on February 25, 2008*
    
-Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Management and Development Agreement, dated as of December 20, 2007, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., the subsidiaries party thereto and Vornado Management Corp.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.53 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed on February 25, 2008*
    
-Third Amendment to Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated as of December 20, 2007, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., and Vornado Realty L.P.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.55 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed on February 25, 2008*
  
-Lease dated as of February 7, 2005, by and between 731 Office One LLC, as Landlord, and Citibank, N.A., as Tenant.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.59 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009, filed on May 4, 2009*
  -Assignment and Assumption and Consent Agreement, dated as of March 25, 2009, by and between 731 Office One LLC, as Landlord, Citicorp North America, Inc., as Assignor, and Bloomberg L.P., as Assignee.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.60 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009, filed on May 4, 2009*
          
  -Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Management and Development Agreement, dated as of November 30, 2011, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., the subsidiaries party thereto and Vornado Management Corp.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.49 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, filed on February 27, 2012*
 -Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Management and Development Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2012, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., the subsidiaries party thereto and Vornado Management Corp.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2012, filed on November 1, 2012*
-Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Management and Development Agreement, dated as of December 1, 2012, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., the subsidiaries party thereto and Vornado Management Corp. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.54 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, filed on February 26, 2013*
__________________
*Incorporated by reference.
68


-Loan Agreement, date as of February 28, 2014, by and between 731 Office One LLC, as Borrower, and German American Capital Corporation, as Lender.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May 5, 2014*
-Consolidated, Amended and Restated Promissory Note, dated as of February 28, 2014, by and between 731 Office One LLC, as Borrower, and German American Capital Corporation, as Lender.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May 5, 2014*
-Amended and Restated Mortgage, Assignment of Leases and Rents and Security Agreement, dated as of February 28, 2014, by and between 731 Office One LLC, as Mortgagor, and German American Capital Corporation, as Mortgagee.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May 5, 2014*
-Assignment of Leases and Rents dated as of February 28, 2014, by and between 731 Office One LLC, as Assignor, and German American Capital Corporation, as Assignee.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.4 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May 5, 2014*
-Guaranty of Recourse Obligations dated as of February 28, 2014, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., as Guarantor, and German American Capital Corporation, as Lender.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.5 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May 5, 2014*
-Environmental Indemnity Agreement dated as of February 28, 2014, by and between 731 Office One LLC, as Indemnitor, and German American Capital Corporation, as Indemnitee.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.6 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May 5, 2014*
-Termination Agreement dated as of February 28, 2014, by and among 731 Office One LLC, Alexander’s Management LLC, Vornado Realty L.P., 731 Office Two LLC, 731 Residential LLC, 731 Commercial LLC, 731 Retail One LLC and 731 Restaurant LLC.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.7 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May 5, 2014*
-Real Estate Sub-Retention Agreement dated as of February 28, 2014, by and between Alexander’s Management LLC, as Agent, and Vornado Realty L.P., as Sub-Agent.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.8 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May 5, 2014*
  __________________
*Incorporated by reference.
64


-Sixth Amendment to Amended and Restated Management and Development Agreement, dated as of March 21, 2014, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., the subsidiaries party thereto and Vornado Management Corp.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.9 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May 5, 2014*
-Rego Park II Residential Management and Development Agreement, dated as of March 21, 2014 by and between Alexander’s of Rego Residential LLC and Vornado Management Corp.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.10 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May 5, 2014*
-Fourth Amendment to Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated December 22, 2014 by and between Alexander’s, Inc. and Vornado Realty, L.P.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.56 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, filed on February 17, 2015*
-Second Amendment to 59th Street Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated December 22, 2014 by and between 731 Retail One LLC, 731 Restaurant LLC, 731 Office Two LLC and Vornado Realty, L.P. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.57 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, filed on February 17, 2015*
  __________________
*Incorporated by reference.
69


-First Amendment to Rego II Real Estate Sub-Retention Agreement, dated December 22, 2014 by and between Alexander’s, Inc. and Vornado Realty L.P. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.58 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, filed on February 17, 2015*
 -First Amendment to Real-Estate Sub-Retention Agreement, dated December 22, 2014 by and between Alexander’s Management LLC and Vornado Realty, L.P.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.59 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, filed on February 17, 2015*
  
 -Loan Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2015, by and between 731 Retail One LLC and 731 Commercial LLC, as Borrower, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., and Landesbank Baden-Württemberg, New York Branch, as Lenders.  Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015, filed on November 2, 2015 *
+-Second Amendment of Lease, dated as of the 12th of January 2016 between 731 Office One LLC and Bloomberg L.P. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016, filed on May 2, 2016* 
**-Form of Alexander’s Inc. 2016 Omnibus Stock Plan Deferred Stock Unit Grant Agreement between the Company and certain employees. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.4 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, filed on August 1, 2016* 
-Loan Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2017, between 731 Office One LLC, as Borrower, and Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. collectively, as Lender. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, filed on July 31, 2017
*
-Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated and made effective as of December 12, 2018, by and between Rego II Borrower LLC, as Borrower, and Bank of China, New York Branch, as Lender. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.55 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed on February 11, 2019*
__________________
*Incorporated by reference.
**Management contract or compensatory agreement.
+Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under Rule 24b-2. The omitted confidential material has been filed separately. The location of the redacted confidential information is indicated in the exhibit as “redacted.”
65


 -Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, dated December 12, 2018, by and between Rego II Borrower LLC, as Maker, and Bank of China, New York Branch, as Lender. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.56 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed on February 11, 2019*
 -Second Amended and Restated Mortgage, Assignment of Leases and Rents and Security Agreement, dated December 12, 2018, by and between Rego II Borrower LLC, as Mortgagor, and Bank of China, New York Branch, as Mortgagee. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.57 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed on February 11, 2019*
 -Amended and Restated Guaranty of Recourse Carveouts, dated December 12, 2018, by Alexander’s, Inc., as Guarantor, to and for the benefit of Bank of China, New York Branch, as Lender. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.58 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed on February 11, 2019*
 -Amended and Restated Environmental Indemnity Agreement, dated December 12, 2018, among Rego II Borrower LLC and Alexander’s, Inc., individually or collectively as Indemnitor, in favor of Bank of China, New York Branch, as Lender. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.59 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed on February 11, 2019*
__________________
*Incorporated by reference.
**Management contract or compensatory agreement.
+Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under Rule 24b-2. The omitted confidential material has been filed separately. The location of the redacted confidential information is indicated in the exhibit as “redacted.”
70


-Amended and Restated Participation and Servicing Agreement for Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated December 12, 2018, between Bank of China, New York Branch, individually as Lender, Initial A-1 Holder and as the Agent for the Holders, and Alexander’s of Rego Park II Participating Lender LLC, individually as Initial A-2 Holder. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.60 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed on February 11, 2019*
-Waiver and Amendment No. 1 to Loan Agreement, dated October 10, 2019, by and among 731 Retail One LLC and 731 Commercial LLC, as Borrower, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., and Landesbank Baden-Württemberg, New York Branch, as Lenders. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.61 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed on February 18, 2020*
-First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated February 14, 2020, by and between Rego II Borrower LLC, as Borrower and Bank of China, New York Branch, as Lender. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, filed on May 4, 2020*
-Amendment and Reaffirmation of Guaranty and Environmental Indemnity Agreement, dated February 14, 2020, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., as Guarantor, and Bank of China, New York Branch, as Lender. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, filed on May 4, 2020*
-Second Amended and Restated Participation and Servicing Agreement for Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated February 14, 2020, between Bank of China, New York Branch, individually as Lender, Initial A-1 Holder and as the Agent for the Holders, and Alexander’s of Rego Park II Participating Lender LLC, individually as Initial A-2 Holder. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, filed on May 4, 2020*
-Omnibus Amendment to Loan Documents and Reaffirmation of Borrower and Guarantor, dated September 14, 2020, by and between 731 Retail One LLC and 731 Commercial LLC as Borrower, Alexander’s, Inc. as Guarantor, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as Administrative Agent on behalf of the Lenders, and the Lenders. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, filed on November 2, 2020*
__________________
*Incorporated by reference.
66


-Amended and Restated Mortgage, Assignment of Leases and Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing, dated September 14, 2020, by and between 731 Retail One LLC and 731 Commercial LLC as mortgagor and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as mortgagee and as Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Lenders. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, filed on November 2, 2020*
-Interest Guaranty, dated September 14, 2020, made by Alexander’s, Inc. as Guarantor to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Lenders. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, filed on November 2, 2020*
-Leasing Costs Guaranty, dated September 14, 2020, made by Alexander’s, Inc. as Guarantor to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Lenders. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.4 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, filed on November 2, 2020*
-Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated October 23, 2020, by and between Rego II Borrower LLC, as Borrower and Bank of China, New York Branch, as LenderLender. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.53 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed on February 16, 2021**
-Third Amendment to Loan and Omnibus Amendment, dated October 3, 2022, by and between 731 Retail One LLC and 731 Commercial LLC as Borrower, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as Administrative Agent for the Lenders. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.46 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed on February 13, 2023*
-Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated December 1, 2022, by and between Rego II Borrower LLC, as Borrower and Bank of China, New York Branch, as Lender. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.47 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed on February 13, 2023*
 -Subsidiaries of Registrant*** 
      
 -Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm*** 
__________________
*Incorporated by reference.
***Filed herewith.
71


 -Rule 13a-14 (a) Certification of the Chief Executive Officer*** 
   
 -Rule 13a-14 (a) Certification of the Chief Financial Officer*** 
      
 -Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer*** 
      
 -Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer*** 
-Alexander’s Inc. Restatement Clawback Policy***
      
101 -The following financial information from the Alexander’s, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20202023 formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL) includes: (i) consolidated balance sheets, (ii) consolidated statements of income, (iii) consolidated statements of comprehensive income, (iv) consolidated statements of changes in equity, (v) consolidated statements of cash flows and (vi) the notes to the consolidated financial statements*** 
      
104-The cover page from the Alexander’s, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, formatted as Inline XBRLiXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101*** 
   __________________  
*Incorporated by reference.
***Filed herewith.

7267


ITEM 16.   FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.

7368


SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
   ALEXANDER’S, INC. 
   (Registrant) 
      
      
 Date:  February 16, 202112, 2024By: /s/ Matthew IoccoGary Hansen 
   Matthew Iocco,Gary Hansen, Chief Financial Officer 
     
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 Signature Title Date
         
By:/s/Steven Roth Chairman of the Board of Directors and February 16, 202112, 2024
  (Steven Roth)  Chief Executive Officer  
     (Principal Executive Officer)  
         
By:/s/Matthew IoccoGary Hansen Chief Financial Officer
 February 16, 202112, 2024
  (Matthew Iocco)Gary Hansen)  (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
  
       
         
By:/s/Thomas R. DiBenedetto Director February 16, 202112, 2024
  (Thomas R. DiBenedetto)      
         
By:/s/David Mandelbaum Director February 16, 202112, 2024
  (David Mandelbaum)      
By:/s/Mandakini PuriDirectorFebruary 16, 202112, 2024
(Mandakini Puri)
         
By:/s/Wendy Silverstein Director February 16, 202112, 2024
  (Wendy Silverstein)      
         
By:/s/Arthur Sonnenblick Director February 16, 202112, 2024
  (Arthur Sonnenblick)      
         
By:/s/Richard R. West Director February 16, 202112, 2024
  (Richard R. West)      
         
By:/s/Russell B. Wight Jr. Director February 16, 202112, 2024
  (Russell B. Wight Jr.)      

7469