UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10–K
RþANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 20162018
OR
¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For The Transition Period From ________ To             
Commission File Number 001-13836
JOHNSON CONTROLS INTERNATIONAL PLC
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Ireland 98-0390500
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
  
One Albert Quay
Cork, Ireland
(Address of principal executive offices)
353-21-423-5000
(Registrant's telephone number)
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
Title of Each Class Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Ordinary Shares, Par Value $0.01 New York Stock Exchange
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  Rþ    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.    Yes  ¨    No  Rþ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  Rþ    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  Rþ    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer"filer," "smaller reporting company," and "smaller reporting"emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer Rþ  Accelerated filer ¨
    
Non-accelerated filer 
¨  
  
Emerging growth company
¨

Smaller reporting company 
¨

(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  Rþ
As of March 25, 2016,31, 2018, the aggregate market value of Tyco International plc (predecessor registrant to Johnson Controls International plc)plc Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $15.1$32.6 billion based on the closing sales price as reported on the New York Stock Exchange. As of October 31, 2016, 936,718,1052018, 924,058,960 ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share, were outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement to be delivered to shareholders in connection with the annual general meeting of shareholders to be held on March 9, 20176, 2019 are incorporated by reference into Part III.



JOHNSON CONTROLS INTERNATIONAL PLC
Index to Annual Report on Form 10-K
Year Ended September 30, 20162018
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS FOR FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

Unless otherwise indicated, references to "Johnson Controls," the "Company," "we," "our" and "us" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K refer to Johnson Controls International plc and its consolidated subsidiaries.

The Company has made statements in this document that are forward-looking and therefore are subject to risks and uncertainties. All statements in this document other than statements of historical fact are, or could be, "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In this document, statements regarding Johnson Controls' future financial position, sales, costs, earnings, cash flows, other measures of results of operations, synergies and integration opportunities, capital expenditures and debt levels are forward-looking statements. Words such as "may," "will," "expect," "intend," "estimate," "anticipate," "believe," "should," "forecast," "project" or "plan" and terms of similar meaning are also generally intended to identify forward-looking statements. However, the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Johnson Controls cautions that these statements are subject to numerous important risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors, some of which are beyond Johnson Controls’ control, that could cause Johnson Controls’ actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, including, among others, risks related to: any delay or inability of Johnson Controls to realize the expected benefits and synergies of recent portfolio transactions such as the merger with Tyco andInternational plc ("Tyco"), the spin-off of Adient, changes in tax laws (including but not limited to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted in December 2017), regulations, rates, policies or interpretations, the loss of key senior management, the tax treatment of recent portfolio transactions, significant transaction costs and/or unknown liabilities associated with such transactions, the outcome of actual or potential litigation relating to such transactions, the risk that disruptions from recent transactions will harm Johnson Controls’ business, the strength of the U.S. or other economies, changes to laws or policies governing foreign trade, including increased tariffs or trade restrictions, automotive vehicle production levels, mix and schedules, energy and commodity prices, the availability of raw materials and component products, currency exchange rates, and cancellation of or changes to commercial arrangements.arrangements, and with respect to the divestiture of the Power Solutions business, the expected financial impact and timing of the Power Solutions divestiture, whether and when the required regulatory approvals for the Power Solutions disposal will be obtained, the possibility that closing conditions for the Power Solutions divestiture may not be satisfied or waived, and whether the strategic benefits of the Power Solutions transaction can be achieved. A detailed discussion of risks related to Johnson Controls’ business is included in the section entitled "Risk Factors" (refer to Part I, Item 1A, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K). The forward-looking statements included in this document are made only as of the date of this document, unless otherwise specified, and, except as required by law, Johnson Controls assumes no obligation, and disclaims any obligation, to update such statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this document.

PART I

ITEM 1BUSINESS

General

Johnson Controls International plc, headquartered in Cork, Ireland, is a global diversified technology and multi industrial leader serving a wide range of customers in more than 150 countries. The Company creates intelligent buildings, efficient energy solutions, integrated infrastructure and next generation transportation systems that work seamlessly together to deliver on the promise of smart cities and communities. The Company is committed to helping our customers win and creating greater value for all of its stakeholders through strategic focus on our buildings and energy growth platforms.

Johnson Controls was originally incorporated in the state of Wisconsin in 1885 as Johnson Electric Service Company to manufacture, install and service automatic temperature regulation systems for buildings. The Company was renamed to Johnson Controls, Inc. in 1974. In 1978, the Company acquired Globe-Union, Inc., a Wisconsin-based manufacturer of automotive batteries for both the replacement and original equipment markets. The Company entered the automotive seating industry in 1985 with the acquisition of Michigan-based Hoover Universal, Inc. In 2005, the Company acquired York International, a global supplier of heating, ventilating, air-conditioning ("HVAC") and refrigeration equipment and services. In 2014, the Company acquired Air Distribution Technologies, Inc. (ADTi)("ADTi"), one of the largest independent providers of air distribution and ventilation products in North America.

The Company is going through a multi-year portfolio transformation. Included in this transformation are several strategic transactions including the divestiture of its Global Workplace Solutions (GWS) business and the contribution of its Automotive Experience Interiors business to the newly created joint venture with Yanfeng Automotive Trim Systems, both of which occurred during fiscal 2015. On October 1, 2015, the Company formed a joint venture with Hitachi to expand its Buildingsbuilding related product offerings.

On September 2,In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, Johnson Controls, Inc. ("JCI Inc.") and Tyco International plc (“Tyco”) completed their combination pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), dated as of January 24, 2016, as amended by Amendment No. 1, dated as of July 1, 2016, by and among JCI Inc., Tyco and certain other parties named therein, including Jagara Merger Sub LLC, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Tyco (“Merger Sub”).  Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, on September 2, 2016, Merger Sub merged with and into JCI Inc., with JCI Inc. being the surviving corporation in the merger andmerging with a wholly owned, indirect subsidiary of Tyco (the “Merger”"Merger"). Following the Merger, Tyco changed its name to “Johnson Controls International plc” and JCI Inc. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Johnson Controls International plc. The mergerMerger was accounted for as a reverse acquisition using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Accounting

Standards Codification ("ASC") 805, "Business Combinations." JCI Inc. was the accounting acquirer for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, the historical consolidated financial statements of JCI Inc. for periods prior to this transaction are considered to be

the historic financial statements of the Company. Refer to Note 2, "Merger Transaction," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information.

The acquisition of Tyco brings together best-in-class product, technology and service capabilities across controls, fire, security, HVAC and power solutions, and energy storage, to serve various end-markets including large institutions, commercial buildings, retail, industrial, small business and residential.  The combination of the Tyco and Johnson Controls buildings platforms is expected to create immediatecreates opportunities for near-term growth through cross-selling, complementary branch and channel networks, and expanded global reach for established businesses. The new Company is also expected to benefitbenefits by combining innovation capabilities and pipelines involving new products, advanced solutions for smart buildings and cities, value-added services driven by advanced data and analytics and connectivity between buildings and energy storage through infrastructure integration.analytics.

On October 31, 2016, the Company completed the spin-off of its Automotive Experience business by way of the transfer of the Automotive Experience Business from Johnson Controls to Adient plc ("Adient") and the issuance of ordinary shares of Adient directly to holders of Johnson Controls ordinary shares on a pro rata basis. Prior to the open of business on October 31, 2016, each of the Company's shareholders received one ordinary share of Adient plc for every 10 ordinary shares of Johnson Controls held as of the close of business on October 19, 2016, the record date for the distribution. Company shareholders received cash in lieu of fractional shares of Adient, if any. Following the separation and distribution, Adient plc is now an independent public company trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)("NYSE") under the symbol "ADNT." The Company did not retain any equity interest in Adient plc. Adient's historical financial statements are reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements as a discontinued operation.

The Building EfficiencyTechnologies & Solutions ("Buildings") business is a global market leader in designing, producing, marketingengineering, developing, manufacturing and installing integrated heating, ventilatingbuilding products and air conditioning (HVAC) systems building managementaround the world, including HVAC equipment, HVAC controls, energy-management systems, controls,security systems, fire detection systems and fire suppression solutions. The Buildings business further serves customers by providing technical services (in the HVAC, security and mechanical equipment. In addition,fire-protection space), energy-management consulting and data-driven solutions via its data-enabled business. Finally, the Buildings business provides technical services and energy management consulting. The Company also provideshas a strong presence in the North American residential air conditioning and heating systems market and industrial refrigeration products.

The Tyco business is a global market leader in providing security products and services, fire detection and suppression products and services, and life and safetyindustrial refrigeration products. Tyco designs, sells, installs, services and monitors electronic security systems and fire detection and suppression systems. In addition, Tyco manufactures and sells fire protection, security and life safety products, including intrusion security, anti-theft devices, breathing apparatus and access control and video management systems. The products and services are for commercial, industrial, retail, residential, small business, institutional and governmental customers worldwide.

The Automotive Experience business is one of the world’s largest automotive suppliers, providing innovative seating and interior systems through our design and engineering expertise. The Company’s technologies extend into virtually every area of the interior including seating, door systems, floor consoles and instrument panels. Customers include most of the world’s major automakers.

The Power Solutions business is a leading global supplier of lead-acid automotive batteries for virtually every type of passenger car, light truck and utility vehicle. The Company serves both automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs)("OEMs") and the general vehicle battery aftermarket. The Company also supplies advanced battery technologies to power start-stop, hybrid and electric vehicles.

Financial Information About Business Segments

Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 280, "Segment Reporting," establishesOn November 13, 2018, the standards for reporting information about segments in financial statements. In applyingCompany entered into a Stock and Asset Purchase Agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) with BCP Acquisitions LLC (“Purchaser”). The Purchaser is a newly-formed entity controlled by investment funds managed by Brookfield Capital Partners LLC. Pursuant to the criteria set forth in ASC 280,Purchase Agreement, on the terms and subject to the conditions therein, the Company has determined that itagreed to sell, and Purchaser has eight reportable segmentsagreed to acquire, the Company’s Power Solutions business for financial reporting purposes.a purchase price of $13.2 billion. Net cash proceeds are expected to be $11.4 billion after tax and transaction-related expenses. The Company’s eight reportable segments are presentedtransaction is expected to close by June 30, 2019, subject to customary closing conditions and required regulatory approvals. The operating results of the Power Solutions business will be reported as a discontinued operation beginning in the contextfirst quarter of its three primary businesses - Buildings, Automotive Experience and Power Solutions. Refer to Note 19, "Segment Information," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for financial information about business segments. For the purpose of the following discussion of the Company’s businesses, the five Buildings reportable segments and the two Automotive Experience reportable segments are presented together due to their similar customers and the similar nature of their products, production processes and distribution channels.

fiscal 2019.

Products/Systems and Services

Buildings

Building Efficiency

Building Efficiency is a global leader in delivering integrated control systems, mechanical equipment, products and services designed to improve the comfort, safety and energy efficiency of non-residential buildings and residential properties with operations in 53 countries. Revenues come from technical services, and the replacement and upgrade of HVAC controls and mechanical equipment in the existing buildings market, where the Company’s large base of current customers leads to repeat business, as well as with installing controls and equipment during the construction of new buildings. Customer relationships often span entire building lifecycles.Technologies & Solutions

Building EfficiencyTechnologies & Solutions sells its integrated control systems, mechanicalsecurity systems, fire-detection systems, equipment and services primarily through the Company’s extensive global network of sales and service offices. Some building controls, products and mechanical systemsoffices, with operations in approximately 70 countries. Significant sales are sold toalso generated through global third-party channels, such as distributors of air-conditioning, refrigerationsecurity, fire-detection and commercial heating systems throughoutHVAC systems. The Company’s large base of current customers leads to significant repeat business for the world. retrofit and replacement markets. In addition, the new commercial construction market is also important. Trusted Buildings brands, such as YORK®, Hitachi Air Conditioning, Metasys®, Ansul, Ruskin®, Titus®, Frick®, PENN®, Sabroe®, Simplex® and Grinnell® give the Company the most diverse portfolio in the building technology industry.

In fiscal 2016,2018, approximately 72% of Building Efficiency’s sales were derived from HVAC products and installed control systems for construction and retrofit markets, including 11% of total sales related to new commercial construction. Approximately 28%26% of its sales in fiscal 2016 originated from its service offerings. In fiscal 2016,2018, Building EfficiencyTechnologies & Solutions accounted for 35% of the Company’s consolidated net sales.

The Company’s systems include York® chillers, industrial refrigeration products, air handlers and other HVAC mechanical equipment that provide heating and cooling in non-residential buildings. The Metasys® control system monitors and integrates HVAC equipment with other critical building systems to maximize comfort while reducing energy and operating costs. The Company also produces air conditioning and heating equipment and products, including Titus® and Ruskin® brands, for the residential market. As the largest global supplier of HVAC technical services, Building Efficiency staffs, optimizes and repairs building systems made by the Company and its competitors. The Company offers a wide range of solutions such as performance contracting under which guaranteed energy savings are used by the customer to fund project costs over a number of years.

Tyco

Tyco is a leading global provider of security products and services, fire detection and suppression products and services and life safety products. The business offers a broad portfolio of products and services, sold under well-known brands such as Tyco, SimplexGrinnell, Sensormatic, Wormald, Ansul, Simplex, Scott and ADT (other than in the U.S., Canada and Korea), and serves security, fire detection and suppression and life safety needs across commercial, industrial, retail, small business, institutional and governmental markets, as well as non-U.S. residential markets. Tyco holds market-leading positions in large, fragmented industries and believes it is well positioned to leverage its global footprint, deep industry experience, strong customer relationships and innovative technologies to expand its business in both developed and emerging markets. Tyco shares the ADT® trademark with The ADT Corporation and operates under a brand governance agreement between the two companies.

As the merger with Tyco was completed on September 2, 2016, the business accounted for only 2% of the Company’s consolidated net sales in fiscal 2016.

Automotive Experience

Automotive Experience designs and manufactures interior products and systems for passenger cars and light trucks, including vans, pick-up trucks and sport/crossover utility vehicles. The business produces automotive interior systems for OEMs and operates approximately 243 wholly- and majority-owned manufacturing or assembly plants, with operations in 33 countries worldwide. Beginning in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, the Automotive Experience Interiors business is predominantly in an unconsolidated partially-owned affiliate. Additionally, the business has other partially-owned affiliates in Asia, Europe, North America and South America.

Automotive Experience products and systems include complete seating systems and interior components, including instrument panels, floor consoles, and door systems. In fiscal 2016, Automotive Experience accounted for 45%75% of the Company’s consolidated net sales.

The business operates assembly plants that supply automotive OEMs with complete seats on a "just-in-time/in-sequence" basis. Seats are assembled to specific order and delivered on a predetermined schedule directly to an automotive assembly line. Certain of the business’s other automotive interior systems are also supplied on a "just-in-time/in-sequence" basis. Foam, metal and plastic

seating components, seat covers, seat mechanisms and other components are shipped to these plants from the business’s production facilities or outside suppliers.

Power Solutions

Power Solutions services both automotive OEMs and the battery aftermarket by providing energy storageadvanced battery technology, coupled with systems engineering, marketing and service expertise. The Company is the largest producer of lead-acid automotive batteries

in the world, producing and distributing approximately 152154 million lead-acid batteries annually in approximately 6970 wholly- and majority-owned manufacturing or assembly plants, distribution centers and sales offices in 19approximately 20 countries worldwide. Investments in new product and process technology have expanded product offerings to absorbent glass mat (AGM)("AGM") and enhanced flooded battery (EFB)("EFB") technologies that power start-stop vehicles, as well as lithium-ion battery technology for certain hybrid and electric vehicles. The business has also invested to develop sustainable lead and poly recycling operations in the North American and European markets. Approximately 75% of unit sales worldwide in fiscal 20162018 were to the automotive replacement market, with the remaining sales to the OEM market.

Power Solutions accounted for 18%25% of the Company’s fiscal 20162018 consolidated net sales. Batteries and key components are manufactured at wholly- and majority-owned plants in North America, South America, Asia and Europe.

Competition

Buildings

Building EfficiencyTechnologies & Solutions

The Building EfficiencyTechnologies & Solutions business conducts its operations through thousands of individual contracts that are either negotiated or awarded on a competitive basis. Key factors in the award of contracts include system and service performance, quality, price, design, reputation, technology, application engineering capability and construction or project management expertise. Competitors for HVAC equipment, security, fire-detection, fire suppression and controls in the residential and non-residential marketplace include many regional, national and international providers; larger competitors include Honeywell International, Inc.; Siemens Building Technologies, an operating group of Siemens AG; Schneider Electric SA; Carrier Corporation, a subsidiary of United Technologies Corporation; Trane Incorporated, a subsidiary of Ingersoll-Rand Company Limited; Daikin Industries, Ltd.; Lennox International, Inc.; GC Midea Holding Co, Ltd.; and Gree Electric Appliances, Inc. and Greenheck Fan Corporation. In addition to HVAC equipment, Building EfficiencyTechnologies & Solutions competes in a highly fragmented HVAC services market, which is dominated by local providers. The loss of any individual contract would not have a material adverse effect on the Company.

Tyco

The Tyco business operates in markets that are generally highly competitive and fragmented with a small number of large, global firms and thousands of smaller regional and local companies; larger competitors include: Siemens Building Technologies, an operating group of Siemens AG; Honeywell International, Inc., Stanley Black & Decker, Inc., 3M Company and United Technologies Corporation. Competition is based on price, quality, specialized product capacity, breadth of product line, training, support and delivery, with the relative importance of these factors varying depending on the project complexity, product line, the local market and other factors. Tyco's systems integration capabilities, which allows it to offer global solutions to customers that fully integrate the business's security and/or fire offerings into existing information technology networks, business operations and management tools, and process automation and control systems, sets it apart from all but a small number of other large, global competitors.

Automotive Experience

The Automotive Experience business faces competition from other automotive suppliers and, with respect to certain products, from the automobile OEMs who produce or have the capability to produce certain products the business supplies. The automotive supply industry competes on the basis of technology, quality, reliability of supply and price. Design, engineering and product planning are increasingly important factors. Independent suppliers that represent the principal Automotive Experience Seating competitors include Lear Corporation, Faurecia SA and Magna International Inc. The Automotive Experience Interiors business primarily competes with Faurecia SA, Grupo Antolin - Irausa SA and International Automotive Components Group SA.


Power Solutions

Power Solutions is the principal supplier of batteries to many of the largest merchants in the battery aftermarket, including Advance Auto Parts, AutoZone, Robert Bosch GmbH, DAISA S.A., Costco, NAPA, O’Reilly/CSK, Interstate Battery System of America Sears, Roebuck & Co. and Wal-Mart stores. Automotive batteries are sold throughout the world under private labels and under the Company’s brand names (Optima®, Varta®, LTH® and Heliar®) to automotive replacement battery retailers and distributors and to automobile manufacturers as original equipment. The Power Solutions business competes with a number of major U.S. and non-U.S. manufacturers and distributors of lead-acid batteries, as well as a large number of smaller, regional competitors. The Power Solutions business primarily competes in the battery market with Exide Technologies, GS Yuasa Corporation, Camel Group Company Limited, East Penn Manufacturing Company and Banner Batteries GB Limited. The North American, European and Asian lead-acid battery markets are highly competitive. The manufacturers in these markets compete on price, quality, technical innovation, service and warranty.

Backlog

The Company’s backlog relating to the BuildingsBuilding Technologies & Solutions business is applicable to its sales of systems and services. At September 30, 2016,2018, the backlog was $9.5$8.7 billion, of which $8.4 billion is attributable to the field business. The majority of whichbacklog relates to fiscal 2017.2019. At September 30, 2017, the backlog was $8.5 billion, of which $8.2 billion is attributable to the field business. The backlog amount outstanding at any given time is not necessarily indicative of the amount of revenue to be earned in the upcoming fiscal year.

Raw Materials

Raw materials used by the businesses in connection with their operations, including lead, steel, tin, aluminum, urethane chemicals, brass, copper, sulfuric acid, polypropylene and certain flurochemicals used in our fire suppression agents, were readily available during fiscal 2016,2018, and the Company expects such availability to continue. In fiscal 2017,2019, commodity prices could fluctuate throughout the year and could significantly affect the results of operations.

Intellectual Property

Generally, the Company seeks statutory protection for strategic or financially important intellectual property developed in connection with its business. Certain intellectual property, where appropriate, is protected by contracts, licenses, confidentiality or other agreements.

The Company owns numerous U.S. and non-U.S. patents (and their respective counterparts), the more important of which cover those technologies and inventions embodied in current products or which are used in the manufacture of those products. While the Company believes patents are important to its business operations and in the aggregate constitute a valuable asset, no single patent, or group of patents, is critical to the success of the business. The Company, from time to time, grants licenses under its patents and technology and receives licenses under patents and technology of others.

The Company’s trademarks, certain of which are material to its business, are registered or otherwise legally protected in the U.S. and many non-U.S. countries where products and services of the Company are sold. The Company, from time to time, becomes involved in trademark licensing transactions.

Most works of authorship produced for the Company, such as computer programs, catalogs and sales literature, carry appropriate notices indicating the Company’s claim to copyright protection under U.S. law and appropriate international treaties.

Environmental, Health and Safety Matters

Laws addressing the protection of the environment (environmental laws) and workers’ safety and health (worker safety laws) govern the Company’s ongoing global operations. They generally provide for civil and criminal penalties, as well as injunctive and remedial relief, for noncompliance or require remediation of sites where Company-related materials have been released into the environment.

The Company has expended substantial resources globally, both financial and managerial, to comply with environmental laws and worker safety laws and maintains procedures designed to foster and ensure compliance. Certain of the Company’s businesses are, or have been, engaged in the handling or use of substances that may impact workplace health and safety or the environment. The Company is committed to protecting its workers and the environment against the risks associated with these substances.

The Company’s operations and facilities have been, and in the future may become, the subject of formal or informal enforcement actions or proceedings for noncompliance with environmental laws and worker safety laws or for the remediation of Company-

relatedCompany-related substances released into the environment. Such matters typically are resolved with regulatory authorities through commitments to compliance, abatement or remediation programs and, in some cases, payment of penalties. See Item 3, "Legal Proceedings," of this report for a discussion of the Company’s potential environmental liabilities.

Environmental Capital Expenditures

The Company’s ongoing environmental compliance program often results in capital expenditures. Environmental considerations are a part of all significant capital expenditure decisions; however, expenditures in fiscal 20162018 related solely to environmental compliance were not material. It is management’s opinion that the amount of any future capital expenditures related solely to environmental compliance will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial results or competitive position in any one year.

Government Regulation and Supervision

The Company's operations are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations, both within and outside the United States,U.S., in areas such as: consumer protection, government contracts, international trade, environmental protection, labor and employment, tax, licensing and others. For example, most U.S. states and non-U.S. jurisdictions in which the Company operates have licensing laws directed specifically toward the alarm and fire suppression industries. The Company's security businesses currently rely extensively upon the use of wireline and wireless telephone service to communicate signals. Wireline and wireless telephone companies in the United StatesU.S. are regulated by the federal and state governments. In addition, government regulation of fire safety codes can impact the Company's fire businesses. These and other laws and regulations impact the manner in which the Company conducts its business, and changes in legislation or government policies can affect the Company's worldwide operations, both favorably and unfavorably. For a more detailed description of the various laws and regulations that affect the Company's business, see Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Employees

As of September 30, 2016,2018, the Company employed approximately 209,000122,000 people worldwide, of which approximately 63,00048,000 were employed in the United States and approximately 146,00074,000 were outside the United States. Approximately 28,00031,000 employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements or works councils and we believe that our relations with the labor unions are generally good.

Seasonal Factors

Certain of Building Efficiency'sTechnologies & Solutions sales are seasonal as the demand for residential air conditioning equipment generally increases in the summer months. This seasonality is mitigated by the other products and services provided by the BuildingsBuilding Technologies & Solutions business that have no material seasonal effect.

Financial Information About Geographic Areas

Refer to Note 19, "Segment Information," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for financial information about geographic areas.

Research and Development Expenditures

Refer to Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for research and development expenditures.

Available Information

The Company’s filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)("SEC"), including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, definitive proxy statements on Schedule 14A, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports filed pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, are made available free of charge through the Investor Relations section of the Company’s Internet website at http://www.johnsoncontrols.com as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the SEC. Copies of any materials the Company files with the SEC can also be obtained free of charge through the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov, at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, or by calling the SEC’s Office of Investor Education and Advocacy at 1-800-732-0330. The Company also makes available, free of charge, its Ethics Policy, Corporate Governance Guidelines, Board of Directors committee charters and other information related to the Company on the Company’s Internet website

or in printed form upon request. The Company is not including the information contained on the Company’s website as a part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 1ARISK FACTORS

Risks Relating to Business Operations

General economic, credit and capital market conditions could adversely affect our financial performance, our ability to grow or sustain our businesses and our ability to access the capital markets.

We compete around the world in various geographic regions and product markets. Global economic conditions affect each of our primary businesses. As we discuss in greater detail in the specific risk factors for each of our businesses that appear below, any future financial distress in the industries and/or markets where we compete could negatively affect our revenues and financial performance in future periods, result in future restructuring charges, and adversely impact our ability to grow or sustain our businesses.

The capital and credit markets provide us with liquidity to operate and grow our businesses beyond the liquidity that operating cash flows provide. A worldwide economic downturn and/or disruption of the credit markets could reduce our access to capital necessary for our operations and executing our strategic plan. If our access to capital were to become significantly constrained, or if costs of capital increased significantly due to lowered credit ratings, prevailing industry conditions, the volatility of the capital markets or other factors; then our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected.

Some of the industries in which we operate are cyclical and, accordingly, demand for our products and services could be adversely affected by downturns in these industries.

Much of the demand for installation of HVAC, security products, and fire detection and suppression solutions is driven by commercial and residential construction and industrial facility expansion and maintenance projects. Commercial and residential construction projects are heavily dependent on general economic conditions, localized demand for commercial and residential real estate and availability of credit. Commercial and residential real estate markets are prone to significant fluctuations in supply and demand. In addition, most commercial and residential real estate developers rely heavily on project financing in order to initiate and complete projects. Declines in real estate values could lead to significant reductions in the availability of project financing, even in markets where demand may otherwise be sufficient to support new construction. These factors could in turn hampertemper demand for new HVAC, fire detection and suppression and security installations.

Levels of industrial capital expenditures for facility expansions and maintenance turn on general economic conditions, economic conditions within specific industries we serve, expectations of future market behavior and available financing. Additionally,

volatility in commodity prices can negatively affect the level of these activities and can result in postponement of capital spending decisions or the delay or cancellation of existing orders.

The businesses of many of our industrial customers, particularly oil and gas companies, chemical and petrochemical companies, mining and general industrial companies, are to varying degrees cyclical and have experienced periodic downturns. During such economic downturns, customers in these industries historically have tended to delay major capital projects, including greenfield construction, maintenance projects and upgrades. Additionally, demand for our products and services may be affected by volatility in energy and commodity prices and fluctuating demand forecasts, as our customers may be more conservative in their capital planning, which may reduce demand for our products and services. Although our industrial customers tend to be less dependent on project financing than real estate developers, disruptions in financial markets and banking systems could make credit and capital markets difficult for our customers to access, and could significantly raise the cost of new debt for our customers to prohibitive levels.customers. Any difficulty in accessing these markets and the increased associated costs can have a negative effect on investment in large capital projects, including necessary maintenance and upgrades, even during periods of favorable end-market conditions.

Many of our customers outside of the industrial and commercial sectors, including governmental and institutional customers, have experienced budgetary constraints as sources of revenue have been negatively impacted by adverse economic conditions. These budgetary constraints have in the past and may in the future reduce demand for our products and services among governmental and institutional customers.

Reduced demand for our products and services could result in the delay or cancellation of existing orders or lead to excess capacity, which unfavorably impacts our absorption of fixed costs. This reduced demand may also erode average selling prices in the industries we serve. Any of these results could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Decreased demand from our customers in the automotive industry may adversely affect our results of operations.

Our financial performance in the Power Solutions business depends, in part, on conditions in the automotive industry. Sales to OEMs accounted for approximately 25% of the total sales of the Power Solutions business in fiscal 2016.2018. Declines in the North American, European and Asian automotive production levels could reduce our sales and adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, if any OEMs reach a point where they cannot fund their operations, we may incur write-offs of accounts receivable, incur impairment charges or require additional restructuring actions beyond our current restructuring plans, which, if significant, would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

An inability to successfully respond to competition and pricing pressure from other companies in the Power Solutions business may adversely impact our business.

Our Power Solutions business competes with a number of major U.S. and non-U.S. manufacturers and distributors of lead-acid batteries, as well as a large number of smaller, regional competitors. The North American, European and Asian lead-acid battery markets are highly competitive. The manufacturers in these markets compete on price, quality, technical innovation, service and warranty. If we are unable to remain competitive and maintain market share in the regions and markets we serve, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

Volatility in commodity prices may adversely affect our results of operations.

Increases in commodity costs can negatively impact the profitability of orders in backlog as prices on such orders are typically fixed; therefore, in the short-term we cannot adjust for changes in certain commodity prices. In these cases, if we are not able to recover commodity cost increases through price increases to our customers on new orders, then such increases will have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Additionally, unfavorabilityIn cases where commodity price risk cannot be naturally offset or hedged through supply based fixed price contracts, we use commodity hedge contracts to minimize overall price risk associated with our anticipated commodity purchases. Unfavorability in our hedging programs during a period of declining commodity prices could result in lower margins as we reduce prices to match the market on a fixed commodity cost level. Additionally, to the extent we do not or are unable to hedge certain commodities and the commodity prices substantially increase, such increases will have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

In our Power Solutions business, lead is a major component of lead-acid batteries, and the price of lead may be highly volatile. We attempt to manage the impact of changing lead prices through the recycling of used batteries returned to us by our aftermarket customers, commercial terms and commodity hedging programs. Our ability to mitigate the impact of lead price changes can be impacted by many factors, including customer negotiations, inventory level fluctuations and sales volume/mix changes, any of which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

Additionally, the prices of other commodities, primarily fuel, acid, resin and tin, may be volatile. If other commodity prices rise, and if we are not able to recover these cost increases through price increases to our customers, such increases will have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Moreover, the implementation of any price increases to our customers could negatively impact the demand for our products.

We rely on our global direct installation channel for a significant portion of our revenue. Failure to maintain and grow the installed base resulting from direct channel sales could adversely affect our business.

Unlike many of our competitors, the Company relies on a direct sales channel for a substantial portion of our revenue. The direct channel provides for the installation of fire and security solutions, and HVAC equipment manufactured by the Company. This represents a significant distribution channel for our products, creates a large installed base of our fire and security solutions, and HVAC equipment, and creates opportunities for longer term service and monitoring revenue. If we are unable to maintain or grow this installation business, whether due to changes in economic conditions, a failure to anticipate changing customer needs, a failure to introduce innovative or technologically advanced solutions, or for any other reason, our installation revenue could decline, which could in turn adversely impact our product pull through and our ability to grow service and monitoring revenue.

Our future growth is dependent upon our ability to develop or acquire new technologies that achieve market acceptance with acceptable margins.

Our future success depends on our ability to develop or acquire, manufacture and bring competitive, and increasingly complex, products and services to market quickly and cost-effectively. Our ability to develop or acquire new products and services requires the investment of significant resources. These acquisitions and development efforts divert resources from other potential investments in our businesses, and they may not lead to the development of new technologies, products or services on a timely basis. Moreover, as we introduce new products, we may be unable to detect and correct defects in the design of a product or in its application to a specified use, which could result in loss of sales or delays in market acceptance. Even after introduction, new or enhanced products may not satisfy customer preferences and product failures may cause customers to reject our products. As a result, these products may not achieve market acceptance and our brand image could suffer. In addition, the markets for our products

and services may not develop or grow as we anticipate. As a result, the failure of our technology, products or services to gain market acceptance, the potential for product defects, product quality issues, or the obsolescence of our products and services could significantly reduce our revenues, increase our operating costs or otherwise materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Risks associated with our non-U.S. operations could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have significant operations in a number of countries outside the U.S., some of which are located in emerging markets. Long-term economic uncertainty in some of the regions of the world in which we operate, such as Asia, South America, the Middle East, Europe and emerging markets, could result in the disruption of markets and negatively affect cash flows from our operations to cover our capital needs and debt service requirements.

In addition, as a result of our global presence, a significant portion of our revenues and expenses is denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. We are therefore subject to non-U.S. currency risks and non-U.S. exchange exposure. While we employ financial instruments to hedge some of our transactional foreign exchange exposure, these activities do not insulate us completely from those exposures. For example, the announcement of the United Kingdom’s decision to exit the European Union caused significant volatility in currency exchange rates, especially between the U.S. dollar and British pound sterling. Exchange rates can be volatile and a substantial weakening of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar could reduce our profit margin in various locations outside of the U.S. and adversely impact the comparability of results from period to period.

There are other risks that are inherent in our non-U.S. operations, including the potential for changes in socio-economic conditions, laws and regulations, including anti-trust, import, export, labor and environmental laws, and monetary and fiscal policies; protectionist measures that may prohibit acquisitions or joint ventures, or impact trade volumes; unsettled political conditions; government-imposed plant or other operational shutdowns; backlash from foreign labor organizations related to our restructuring actions; corruption; natural and man-made disasters, hazards and losses; violence, civil and labor unrest, and possible terrorist attacks.

These and other factors may have a material adverse effect on our non-U.S. operations and therefore on our business and results of operations.

Our businesses operate in regulated industries and are subject to a variety of complex and continually changing laws and regulations.

Our operations and employees are subject to various U.S. federal, state and local licensing laws, codes and standards and othersimilar foreign laws, codes, standards and regulations. Changes in laws or regulations could require us to change the way we operate or to utilize resources to maintain compliance, which could increase costs or otherwise disrupt operations. In addition, failure to

comply with any applicable laws or regulations could result in substantial fines or revocation of our operating permits and licenses. Competition or other regulatory investigations can continue for several years, be costly to defend and can result in substantial fines. If laws and regulations were to change or if we or our products failed to comply, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Due to the international scope of our operations, the system of laws and regulations to which we are subject is complex and includes regulations issued by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the U.S. Department of Commerce's Bureau of Industry and Security, the U.S. Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control and various non U.S. governmental agencies, including applicable export controls, anti-trust, customs, data privacy restrictions, currency exchange control and transfer pricing regulations, and laws regulating the foreign ownership of assets.assets, and laws governing certain materials that may be in our products. No assurances can be made that we will continue to be found to be operating in compliance with, or be able to detect violations of, any such laws or regulations. For example, some foreign data privacy regulations are more stringent than those in the U.S. and continue to evolve. In addition,May 2018, the General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR") superseded prior European Union data protection legislation, and it imposes more stringent European Union data protection requirements, and provides for greater penalties for noncompliance. Under the GDPR, fines of up to 20 million euro or up to 4% of the annual global turnover of the infringer, whichever is greater, could be imposed. Further, existing free trade laws and regulations, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement, or any successor agreement, provide certain beneficial duties and tariffs for qualifying imports and exports, subject to compliance with the applicable classification and other requirements. Changes in laws or policies governing the terms of foreign trade, and in particular increased trade restrictions, tariffs or taxes on imports from countries where we manufacture products or from where we import products or raw materials (either directly or through our suppliers) could have an impact on our competitive position, business and financial results. For example, certain of our businesses have a significant presence in the United Kingdom (the “U.K.”), where the success of the Brexit referendum in 2016 has continued to cause political and economic uncertainty. Although it is unknown what the full terms of the U.K.’s future relationship with the European Union will be, it is possible that the U.K. may be at risk of losing access to free trade agreements for goods and services with the EU and other countries, which may result in increased tariffs on U.K. imports and exports that could have an adverse effect on our profitability.
We cannot predict the nature, scope or effect of future regulatory requirements to which our international operations might be subject or the manner in which existing laws might be administered or interpreted.

We could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act and similar anti-bribery laws around the world.

The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the "FCPA"), the U.K. Bribery Act and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to government officials or other persons for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Recent years have seen a substantial increase in anti-bribery law enforcement activity, with more frequent and aggressive investigations and enforcement proceedings by both U.S. and non-U.S. regulators, and increases in criminal and civil proceedings brought against companies and individuals. Our policies mandate compliance with these anti-bribery laws. We operate in many parts of the world that are recognized as having governmental and commercial corruption and local customs and practices that can be inconsistent with anti-bribery laws. We cannot assure you that our internal control policies and procedures will always protect us from reckless or criminal acts committed by our employees or third party

intermediaries. In the event that we believe or have reason to believe that our employees or agents have or may have violated applicable anti-corruption laws, or if we are subject to allegations of any such violations, we may be required to investigate or have outside counsel investigate the relevant facts and circumstances, which can be expensive and require significant time and attention from senior management. Violations of these laws may result in criminal or civil sanctions, which could disrupt our business and result in a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations or financial condition.

As previously reported,and cash flows. In addition, we and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) resolved alleged FCPA violations related to the Building Efficiency marine business in China dating back to 2007, which the Company had self-reported to the SEC and the Department of Justice (DOJ) in June 2013, and we are subject to a Cease and Desist Order (“Order”) issued by the SEC related to this matter that requires us to make certain reports to the SEC over a one year period. Notwithstanding the resolution of this matter with the SEC, we may be subject to allegations of FCPA or similar bribery violations in the future and we maycould be subject to commercial impacts such as lost revenue from customers who decline to do business with us as a result of thesesuch compliance matters. If so,matters, or if we are unable to comply with the provisions of the Order and other agreements, we may be subject to additional investigation or enforcement by the SEC, DOJ or other governmental agencies. In such a case, we could be subject to material fines, injunctions on future conduct, the imposition of a compliance monitor, or suffer other criminal or civil penalties or adverse impacts, including being subject to lawsuits brought by private litigants, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We are subject to risks arising from regulations applicable to companies doing business with the U.S. government.

Our customers include many U.S. Federal,federal, state and local government authorities. Doing business with the U.S. government and state and local authorities subjects us to unusual risks, including dependence on the level of government spending and compliance with and changes in governmental procurement and security regulations. Agreements relating to the sale of products to government entities may be subject to termination, reduction or modification, either at the convenience of the government or for failure to perform under the applicable contract. We are subject to potential government investigations of business practices and compliance with government procurement and security regulations, which can be expensive and burdensome. If we were charged with wrongdoing as a result of an investigation, we could be suspended from bidding on or receiving awards of new government contracts, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations. In addition, various U.S. federal and

state legislative proposals have been made in the past that would deny governmental contracts to U.S. companies that have moved their corporate location abroad. We are unable to predict the likelihood that, or final form in which, any such proposed legislation might become law, the nature of regulations that may be promulgated under any future legislative enactments, or the effect such enactments and increased regulatory scrutiny may have on our business.

Infringement or expiration of our intellectual property rights, or allegations that we have infringed the intellectual property rights of third parties, could negatively affect us.

We rely on a combination of trademarks, trade secrets, patents, copyrights, know-how, confidentiality provisions and licensing arrangements to establish and protect our proprietary rights. We cannot guarantee, however, that the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property will be adequate to prevent infringement of our rights or misappropriation of our technology, trade secrets or know-how. For example, effective patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret protection may be unavailable or limited in some of the countries in which we operate. In addition, while we generally enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees and third parties to protect our trade secrets, know-how, business strategy and other proprietary information, such confidentiality agreements could be breached or otherwise may not provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets and know-how related to the design, manufacture or operation of our products. If it became necessary for us to resort to litigation to protect our intellectual property rights, any proceedings could be burdensome and costly, and we may not prevail. Further, adequate remedies may not be available in the event of an unauthorized use or disclosure of our trade secrets and manufacturing expertise. Finally, for those products in our portfolio that rely on patent protection, once a patent has expired, the product is generally open to competition. Products under patent protection usually generate significantly higher revenues than those not protected by patents. If we fail to successfully enforce our intellectual property rights, our competitive position could suffer, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In addition, we are, from time to time, subject to claims of intellectual property infringement by third parties, including practicing entities and non-practicing entities. Regardless of the merit of such claims, responding to infringement claims can be expensive and time-consuming, and the litigation process is subject to inherent uncertainties, and we may not prevail in litigation matters regardless of the merits of our position. Intellectual property lawsuits or claims may become extremely disruptive if the plaintiffs succeed in blocking the trade of our products and services and they may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.


Global climate change could negatively affect our business.

Increased public awareness and concern regarding global climate change may result in more regional and/or federal requirements to reduce or mitigate the effects of greenhouse gas emissions. There continues to be a lack of consistent climate legislation, which creates economic and regulatory uncertainty. Such regulatory uncertainty extends to incentives, that if discontinued, could adversely impact the demand for energy efficient buildings and batteries for energy efficient vehicles, and could increase costs of compliance. These factors may impact the demand for our products, obsolescence of our products and our results of operations.

There is a growing consensus that greenhouse gas emissions are linked to global climate changes. Climate changes, such as extreme weather conditions, create financial risk to our business. For example, the demand for our products and services, such as residential air conditioning equipment and automotive replacement batteries, may be affected by unseasonable weather conditions. Climate changes could also disrupt our operations by impacting the availability and cost of materials needed for manufacturing and could increase insurance and other operating costs. These factors may impact our decisions to construct new facilities or maintain existing facilities in areas most prone to physical climate risks. The Company could also face indirect financial risks passed through the supply chain, and process disruptions due to physical climate changes could result in price modifications for our products and the resources needed to produce them.

Potential liability for environmental contamination could result in substantial costscosts.

We have projects underway at multiple current and former manufacturing facilities to investigate and remediate environmental contamination resulting from past operations by us or by other businesses that previously owned or used the properties. These projects relate to a variety of activities, including solvent, oil, metal, lead, perfluorooctane sulfonate ("PFOS"), perfluorooctanoic acid ("PFOA") and other hazardous substance contamination cleanup; and structure decontamination and demolition, including asbestos abatement. Because of uncertainties associated with environmental regulation and environmental remediation activities at sites where we may be liable, future expenses that we may incur to remediate identified sites could be considerably higher than the current accrued liability on our consolidated statements of financial position, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, and results of operations.operations and cash flows.


We are subject to requirements relating to environmental and safety regulations and environmental remediation matters, including those related to the manufacturing and recycling of lead-acid batteries, which could adversely affect our business, results of operation and reputation.

We are subject to numerous federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations governing, among other things, solid and hazardous waste storage, treatment and disposal, and remediation of releases of hazardous materials, including as it pertains to lead, the primary material used in the manufacture of lead-acid batteries. There are significant capital, operating and other costs associated with compliance with these environmental laws and regulations. Environmental laws and regulations may become more stringent in the future, which could increase costs of compliance or require us to manufacture with alternative technologies and materials.

Federal, state and local authorities also regulate a variety of matters, including, but not limited to, health, safety and permitting in addition to the environmental matters discussed above. New legislation and regulations may require the Company to make material changes to its operations, resulting in significant increases to the cost of production.

We are party to asbestos-related product litigation that could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We and certain of our subsidiaries, along with numerous other third parties, are named as defendants in personal injury lawsuits based on alleged exposure to asbestos containing materials. These cases typically involve product liability claims based primarily on allegations of manufacture, sale or distribution of industrial products that either contained asbestos or were used with asbestos containing components. We cannot predict with certainty the extent to which we will be successful in litigating or otherwise resolving lawsuits in the future and we continue to evaluate different strategies related to asbestos claims filed against us including entity restructuring and judicial relief. Unfavorable rulings, judgments or settlement terms could have a material adverse impact on our business and financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The amounts we have recorded for asbestos-related liabilities and insurance-related assets in the consolidated statements of financial position are based on our current strategy for resolving asbestos claims, currently available information, and a number of variables, estimates and assumptions. Key variables and assumptions include the number and type of new claims that are filed each year, the average cost of resolution of claims, the identity of defendants and the resolution of coverage issues with insurance carriers, amount of insurance, and the solvency risk with respect to the Company's insurance carriers. Many of these factors are closely linked, such that a change in one variable or assumption will impact one or more of the others, and no single variable or assumption

predominately influences the determination of the Company's asbestos-related liabilities and insurance-related assets. Furthermore, predictions with respect to these variables are subject to greater uncertainty in the later portion of the projection period. Other factors that may affect the Company's liability and cash payments for asbestos-related matters include uncertainties surrounding the litigation process from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and from case to case, reforms of state or federal tort legislation and the applicability of insurance policies among subsidiaries. As a result, actual liabilities or insurance recoveries could be significantly higher or lower than those recorded if assumptions used in our calculations vary significantly from actual results. If actual liabilities are significantly higher than those recorded, the cost of resolving such liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations orand cash flows.

Risks related to our defined benefit retirement plans may adversely impact our results of operations and cash flow.

Significant changes in actual investment return on defined benefit plan assets, discount rates, mortality assumptions and other factors could adversely affect our results of operations and the amounts of contributions we must make to our defined benefit plans in future periods. Because we mark-to-market our defined benefit plan assets and liabilities on an annual basis, large non-cash gains or losses could be recorded in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year.year or when a remeasurement event occurs. Generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. require that we calculate income or expense for the plans using actuarial valuations. These valuations reflect assumptions about financial markets and interest rates, which may change based on economic conditions. Funding requirements for our defined benefit plans are dependent upon, among other factors, interest rates, underlying asset returns and the impact of legislative or regulatory changes related to defined benefit funding obligations. For a discussion regarding the significant assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost, refer to "Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies" included in Item 7, "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."

We may be unable to realize the expected benefits of our restructuring actions, which could adversely affect our profitability and operations.

To align our resources with our growth strategies, operate more efficiently and control costs, we periodically announce restructuring plans, which may include workforce reductions, global plant closures and consolidations, asset impairments and other cost reduction

initiatives. We may undertake additional restructuring actions and workforce reductions in the future. As these plans and actions are complex, unforeseen factors could result in expected savings and benefits to be delayed or not realized to the full extent planned, and our operations and business may be disrupted.

Negative or unexpected tax consequences could adversely affect our results of operations.

Adverse changes in the underlying profitability and financial outlook of our operations in several jurisdictions could lead to additional changes in our valuation allowances against deferred tax assets and other tax reserves on our statement of financial position, and the future sale of certain businesses could potentially result in the repatriationreversal of accumulated foreign earningsoutside basis differences that could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.operations and cash flows. Additionally, changes in tax laws in the U.S., Ireland or in other countries where we have significant operations could materially affect deferred tax assets and liabilities on our consolidated statements of financial position and our income tax provision in our consolidated statements of income.

We are also subject to tax audits by governmental authorities. Negative unexpected results from one or more such tax audits could adversely affect our results of operations.

Future changes in U.S. tax law could adversely affect us or our affiliates.

On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law a bill commonly referred to as the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act" (the "TCJA"), which made significant changes to certain U.S. tax laws relevant to us and our affiliates. While the provisions of the TCJA are new, their interpretation is subject to uncertainty, and regulatory guidance on many aspects of the TCJA has not yet been issued, the TJCA is expected to have an adverse effect on the U.S. federal income taxation of our and our affiliates’ operations, including limiting or eliminating various deductions or credits (including interest expense deductions and deductions relating to employee compensation), imposing taxes on certain cross-border payments or transfers, imposing taxes on certain earnings of non-U.S. entities on a current basis, changing the timing of the recognition of income or its character, limiting asset basis under certain circumstances, and imposing additional corporate taxes under certain circumstances to combat perceived base erosion issues, among other changes.

The TCJA and any related legislation or regulations, as well as any other future changes in U.S. tax laws, could adversely affect the U.S. federal income taxation of our and our affiliates’ ongoing operations and may also adversely affect the integration efforts relating to, and potential synergies from, past strategic transactions, as described below. Any such changes and related consequences could have a material adverse impact on our financial results and cash flows. See Note 18, “Income Taxes,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information on the impact the TCJA had on our business, financial performance and results of operations.

Legal proceedings in which we are, or may be, a party may adversely affect us.

We are currently, and may in the future, become subject to legal proceedings and commercial or contractual disputes. These are typically claims that arise in the normal course of business including, without limitation, commercial or contractual disputes with our suppliers or customers, intellectual property matters, third party liability, including product liability claims and employment claims. We have also been named as a defendant in a number of actions where third party use of our products has allegedly resulted in contamination to groundwater and drinking water supplies. Plaintiffs in these cases are generally seeking damages for personal injuries, medical monitoring and diminution in property values, and are also seeking punitive damages and injunctive relief to address remediation of the alleged contamination. There is a possibility that such claims may have an adverse impact on our results of operations and cash flows that is greater than we anticipate and/or negatively affect our reputation. See “Item 3. Legal Proceedings” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K a further discussion of these matters.

A downgrade in the ratings of our debt could restrict our ability to access the debt capital markets and increase our interest costs.

Unfavorable changes in the ratings that rating agencies assign to our debt may ultimately negatively impact our access to the debt capital markets and increase the costs we incur to borrow funds. If ratings for our debt fall below investment grade, our access to the debt capital markets would become restricted. Future tightening in the credit markets and a reduced level of liquidity in many financial markets due to turmoil in the financial and banking industries could affect our access to the debt capital markets or the price we pay to issue debt. Historically, we have relied on our ability to issue commercial paper rather than to draw on our credit

facility to support our daily operations, which means that a downgrade in our ratings or volatility in the financial markets causing limitations to the debt capital markets could have an adverse effect on our business or our ability to meet our liquidity needs.


Additionally, several of our credit agreements generally include an increase in interest rates if the ratings for our debt are downgraded. Further, an increase in the level of our indebtedness may increase our vulnerability to adverse general economic and industry conditions and may affect our ability to obtain additional financing.

The potential insolvency or financial distress of third parties could adversely impact our business and results of operations.

We are exposed to the risk that third parties to various arrangements who owe us money or goods and services, or who purchase goods and services from us, will not be able to perform their obligations or continue to place orders due to insolvency or financial distress. If third parties fail to perform their obligations under arrangements with us, we may be forced to replace the underlying commitment at current or above market prices or on other terms that are less favorable to us. In such events, we may incur losses, or our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity could otherwise be adversely affected.

We may be unable to complete or integrate acquisitions or joint ventures effectively, which may adversely affect our growth, profitability and results of operations.

We expect acquisitions of businesses and assets, as well as joint ventures (or other strategic arrangements), to play a role in our future growth. We cannot be certain that we will be able to identify attractive acquisition or joint venture targets, obtain financing for acquisitions on satisfactory terms, successfully acquire identified targets or form joint ventures, or manage the timing of acquisitions with capital obligations across our businesses. Additionally, we may not be successful in integrating acquired businesses or joint ventures into our existing operations and achieving projected synergies which could result in impairment of assets, including goodwill and acquired intangible assets. Given the significance of the Company's recent acquisitions, the goodwill and intangible assets recorded were significant and impairment of such assets could result in a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operation. Competition for acquisition opportunities in the various industries in which we operate may rise, thereby increasing our costs of making acquisitions or causing us to refrain from making further acquisitions. If we were to use equity securities to finance a future acquisition, our then-current shareholders would experience dilution. We are also subject to applicable antitrust laws and must avoid anticompetitive behavior. These and other factors related to acquisitions and joint ventures may negatively and adversely impact our growth, profitability and results of operations.

Risks associated with joint venture investments may adversely affect our business and financial results.

We have entered into several joint ventures and we may enter into additional joint ventures in the future. Our joint venture partners may at any time have economic, business or legal interests or goals that are inconsistent with our goals or with the goals of the joint venture. In addition, we may compete against our joint venture partners in certain of our other markets. Disagreements with our business partners may impede our ability to maximize the benefits of our partnerships. Our joint venture arrangements may require us, among other matters, to pay certain costs or to make certain capital investments or to seek our joint venture partner’s consent to take certain actions. In addition, our joint venture partners may be unable or unwilling to meet their economic or other obligations under the operative documents, and we may be required to either fulfill those obligations alone to ensure the ongoing success of a joint venture or to dissolve and liquidate a joint venture. These risks could result in a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.

We are subject to business continuity risks associated with centralization of certain administrative functions.

We have been regionally centralizing certain administrative functions, primarily in North America, Europe and Asia, to improve efficiency and reduce costs. To the extent that these central locations are disrupted or disabled, key business processes, such as invoicing, payments and general management operations, could be interrupted, which could have an adverse impact on our business.

A failure of our information technology (IT) and data security infrastructure could adversely impact our business and operations.

We rely upon the capacity, reliability and security of our IT and data security infrastructure and our ability to expand and continually update this infrastructure in response to the changing needs of our business. As we implement new systems or integrate existing systems, they may not perform as expected. We also face the challenge of supporting our older systems and implementing necessary upgrades. If we experience a problem with the functioning of an important IT system or a security breach of our IT systems, including during system upgrades and/or new system implementations, the resulting disruptions could have an adverse effect on our business.


We and certain of our third-party vendors receive and store personal information in connection with our human resources operations and other aspects of our business, including our Buildings controls business and our Fire and Security business. Despite our

implementation of security measures, our IT systems, like those of other companies, are vulnerable to damages from computer viruses, natural disasters, unauthorized access, cyber attack and other similar disruptions. Any system failure, accident or security breach could result in disruptions to our operations.operations or those of our customers. A material network breach in the security of our IT systems could include the theft of our intellectual property, trade secrets, customer information, human resources information or other confidential matter.matter or the theft of the confidential information of our customers. To the extent that any disruptions or security breach results in a loss or damage to our or our customers' data, or an inappropriate disclosure of confidential, proprietary or customer information, it could cause significant damage to our reputation, affect our relationships with our customers, lead to claims against the Company and ultimately harm our business. In addition, we may be required to incur significant costs to protect against damage caused by these disruptions or security breaches in the future.

A material disruption of our operations, particularly at our monitoring and/or manufacturing facilities, could adversely affect our business.

If our operations, particularly at our monitoring facilities and/or manufacturing facilities, were to be disrupted as a result of significant equipment failures, natural disasters, power outages, fires, explosions, terrorism, sabotage, adverse weather conditions, public health crises, labor disputes or other reasons, we may be unable to effectively respond to alarm signals, fill customer orders and otherwise meet obligations to or demand from our customers, which could adversely affect our financial performance.

Interruptions in production could increase our costs and reduce our sales. Any interruption in production capability could require us to make substantial capital expenditures or purchase alternative material at higher costs to fill customer orders, which could negatively affect our profitability and financial condition. We maintain property damage insurance that we believe to be adequate to provide for reconstruction of facilities and equipment, as well as business interruption insurance to mitigate losses resulting from anysignificant production interruption or shutdown caused by an insured loss. However, any recovery under our insurance policies may not offset the lost sales or increased costs that may be experienced during the disruption of operations, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

Our business success depends on attracting and retaining qualified personnel.

Our ability to sustain and grow our business requires us to hire, retain and develop a highly skilled and diverse management team and workforce. Failure to ensure that we have the leadership capacity with the necessary skill set and experience could impede our ability to deliver our growth objectives and execute our strategic plan. Organizational and reporting changes resulting from the Merger, and the spin-off of the Automotive Experience business ("Separation"), or as a result of any future leadership transition or corporate initiatives could result in increased turnover. Additionally, any unplanned turnover or inability to attract and retain key employees could have a negative effect on our results of operations.

Our business may be adversely affected by work stoppages, union negotiations, labor disputes and other matters associated with our labor force.

We employ approximately 209,000122,000 people worldwide. Approximately 13%26% of these employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements or works council. Although we believe that our relations with the labor unions and works councils that represent our employees are generally good and we have experienced no material strikes or work stoppages recently, no assurances can be made that we will not experience in the future these and other types of conflicts with labor unions, works council, other groups representing employees or our employees generally, or that any future negotiations with our labor unions will not result in significant increases in our cost of labor. Additionally, a work stoppage at one of our suppliers could materially and adversely affect our operations if an alternative source of supply were not readily available. Stoppages by employees of our customers could also result in reduced demand for our products.

Regulations related to conflict minerals could adversely impact our business.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act contains provisions to improve transparency and accountability concerning the supply of certain minerals, known as conflict minerals, originating from the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries. As a result, in August 2012, the SEC adopted annual disclosure and reporting requirements for those companies who use conflict minerals in their products. There are costs associated with complying with these disclosure requirements, including for diligence to determine the sources of conflict minerals used in our products and other potential changes to products, processes or sources of supply as a consequence of such verification activities. Our continued compliance with these disclosure rules could adversely affect the sourcing, supply and pricing of materials used in our products. As there may be only a limited number of suppliers offering "conflict free" conflict minerals, we cannot be sure that we will be able to obtain necessary conflict minerals from such suppliers in sufficient quantities or at competitive prices, or that we will be able to satisfy customers who require our

products to be conflict free. Also, we may face reputational challenges if we determine that certain of our products contain minerals not determined to be conflict free or if we are unable to sufficiently verify the origins for all conflict minerals used in our products through the procedures we may implement.

We are exposed to greater risks of liability for employee acts or omissions, or system failure, in our fire security and life safetysecurity businesses than may be inherent in other businesses.

If a customer or third party believes that he or she has suffered harm to person or property due to an actual or alleged act or omission of one of our employees or a security or fire system failure, he or she may pursue legal action against us, and the cost of defending the legal action and of any judgment could be substantial. In particular, because many of our products and services are intended to protect lives and real and personal property, we may have greater exposure to litigation risks than businesses that provide other products and services. We could face liability for failure to respond adequately to alarm activations or failure of our fire protection or life safety systems to operate as expected. The nature of the services we provide exposes us to the risks that we may be held liable for employee acts or omissions or system failures. In an attempt to reduce this risk, our installation, service and monitoring agreements and other contracts contain provisions limiting our liability in such circumstances, and we typically maintain product liability insurance to mitigate the risk that our products and services fail to operate as expected. However, in the event of litigation, it is possible that contract limitations may be deemed not applicable or unenforceable, that our insurance coverage is not adequate, or that insurance

carriers deny coverage of our claims. As a result, such employee acts or omissions or system failures could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We do not own the right to use the ADT® brand name in the U.S. and Canada.

Tyco ownsWe own the ADT® brand name in jurisdictions outside of the U.S. and Canada, and The ADT Corporation ("ADT") owns the brand name in the U.S. and Canada. Although Tyco has entered agreements with ADT designed to protect the value of the ADT® brand, we cannot assure you that actions taken by ADT will not negatively impact the value of the brand outside of the U.S. and Canada. These factors expose us to the risk that the ADT® brand name could suffer reputational damage or devaluation for reasons outside of our control, including ADT's business conduct in the U.S. and Canada. Any of these factors may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Police departments could refuse to respond to calls from monitored security service companies.

Police departments in a limited number of jurisdictions do not respond to calls from monitored security service companies, either as a matter of policy or by local ordinance. We have offered affected customers the option of receiving responses from private guard companies, in most cases through contracts with us, which increases the overall cost to customers. If more police departments, whether inside or outside the U.S., were to refuse to respond or be prohibited from responding to calls from monitored security service companies, our ability to attract and retain customers could be negatively impacted and our results of operations and cash flow could be adversely affected.

A variety of other factors could adversely affect the results of operations of our Power Solutions business.

Any of the following could materially and adversely impact the results of operations of our Power Solutions business: loss of, or changes in, automobile battery supply contracts with our large original equipment and aftermarket customers; the increasing quality and useful life of batteries or use of alternative battery technologies, both of which may adversely impact the lead-acid battery market, including replacement cycle; delays or cancellations of new vehicle programs; market and financial consequences of any recalls that may be required on our products; delays or difficulties in new product development, including lithium-ion technology; impact of potential increases in lithium-ion battery volumes on established lead-acid battery volumes as lithium-ion battery technology grows and costs become more competitive; financial instability or market declines of our customers or suppliers; slower than projected market development in emerging markets; interruption of supply of certain single-source components; changing nature of our joint ventures and relationships with our strategic business partners; unseasonable weather conditions in various parts of the world; our ability to secure sufficient tolling capacity to recycle batteries; price and availability of battery cores used in recycling; and the lackpace of the development of athe market for hybrid and electric vehicles.

A variety of other factors could adversely affect the results of operations of our BuildingBuildings business.

Any of the following could materially and adversely impact the results of operations of our BuildingBuildings business: loss of, changes in, or failure to perform under guaranteed performance contracts with our major customers; cancellation of, or significant delays in, projects in our backlog; delays or difficulties in new product development; the potential introduction of similar or superior technologies; financial instability or market declines of our major component suppliers; the unavailability of raw materials (primarily steel, copper and electronic components) necessary for production of our products; price increases of limited-source

components, products and services that we are unable to pass on to the market; unseasonable weather conditions in various parts of the world; changes in energy costs or governmental regulations that would decrease the incentive for customers to update or improve their building control systems; revisions to energy efficiency or refrigerant legislation; and natural or man-made disasters or losses that impact our ability to deliver products and services to our customers.

Risks Relating to Recent Strategic Transactions

We may fail to realize the anticipated benefits of the business combination between Johnson Controls, Inc. and Tyco International plc.

The success of the Merger will depend on, among other things, our ability to combine the legacy businesses of Johnson Controls and Tyco in a manner that realizes anticipated synergies and facilitates growth opportunities, and achieves the projected stand-alone cost savings and revenue growth trends identified by us. We expect to benefit from operational and general and administrative cost synergies resulting from the consolidation of capabilities and branch optimization, as well as greater tax efficiencies from global management and global cash movement. We may also enjoy revenue synergies, including product and service cross-selling, a more diversified and expanded product offering and balance across geographic regions. However, we must successfully combine the legacy businesses of Johnson Controls and Tyco in a manner that permits these cost savings and synergies to be realized. In

addition, we must achieve the anticipated savings and synergies without adversely affecting current revenues and investments in future growth. If we are not able to successfully achieve these objectives, we may not realize fully, or at all, the anticipated benefits of the Merger, or it may take longer to realize the benefits than expected.

Other factors may prevent us from realizing the anticipated benefits of the Merger or impact our future performance. These include, among other items, the possibility that the contingent liabilities of either party (including contingent tax liabilities) are larger than expected, the existence of unknown liabilities, adverse consequences and unforeseen increased expenses associated with the Merger and possible adverse tax consequences pursuant to changes in applicable tax laws (including most recently the TCJA), regulations or other administrative guidance (including potential adverse tax consequences that could result from recently issued Treasury regulations concerning the treatment of related-party debt or if any recently introduced anti-inversion legislative proposals were to be enacted in their current form and retroactively applied to the Merger).guidance. In addition, we may be subject to additional restrictions resulting from Tyco’s incurrence of debt in connection with the mergerMerger and as a result of the Company's Irish domicile.

We may encounter significant difficulties in combining the legacy Johnson Controls and Tyco businesses.

The combination of two independent businesses is a complex, costly and time-consuming process. As a result, we will be required to devote significant management attention and resources to combining the business practices and operations of the legacy Johnson Controls and Tyco businesses. This process may disrupt the businesses. The failure to meet the challenges involved in combining the two businesses and to realize the anticipated benefits of the transactions could cause an interruption of, or a loss of momentum in, the activities of the combined company and could adversely affect our results of operations. The overall combination of legacy Johnson Controls and Tyco businesses may also result in material unanticipated problems, expenses, liabilities, competitive responses, loss of customer and other business relationships and diversion of management attention. The difficulties of combining the operations of the companies include, among others:

the diversion of management attention to integration matters;
difficulties in integrating operations and systems;
challenges in conforming standards, controls, procedures and accounting and other policies, business cultures and
compensation structures between the two companies;
difficulties in assimilating employees and in attracting and retaining key personnel;
challenges in keeping existing customers and obtaining new customers;
difficulties in achieving anticipated cost savings, synergies, business opportunities and growth prospects from the
combination;
difficulties in managing the expanded operations of a significantly larger and more complex company;
contingent liabilities (including contingent tax liabilities) that are larger than expected; and
potential unknown liabilities, adverse consequences and unforeseen increased expenses associated with the Merger,
including possible adverse tax consequences to the combined company pursuant to changes in applicable tax laws or
regulations.

Many of these factors are outside of our control, and any one of them could result in increased costs, decreased expected revenues and diversion of management time and energy, which could materially impact the business, financial condition and results of operations of the combined company.

Divestitures of some of our businesses or product lines may materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

We continually evaluate the performance and strategic fit of all of our businesses and may sell businesses or product lines. For example, on October 31, 2016, we completed the spin-off of our Automotive Experience business and sold our Scott Safety business in October 2017. In addition, on November 13, 2018, we announced that we had entered into a definitive agreement to sell our Power Solutions business to BCP Acquisitions LLC. Divestitures involve risks, including difficulties in the separation of operations, services, products and personnel, the diversion of management's attention from other business concerns, the disruption of our business, the potential loss of key employees and the retention of uncertain environmental or other contingent liabilities related to the divested business. Some divestitures, like the Power Solutions divestiture, may be dilutive to earnings. In addition, divestitures may result in significant asset impairment charges, including those related to goodwill and other intangible assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in managing these or any other significant risks that we encounter in divesting a business or product line, and any divestiture we undertake could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and may also result in a diversion of management attention, operational difficulties and losses. With respect to the Power Solutions divestiture, there can be no assurance whether and when the required regulatory approvals for the divestiture will be obtained, whether and when the closing conditions will be satisfied or waived, and whether the strategic benefits and expected financial impact of the divestiture will be achieved.

The Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") may not agree that we should be treated as a non-U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes and may not agree that the our U.S. affiliates should not be subject to certain adverse U.S. federal income tax rules.

Under current U.S. federal tax law, a corporation is generally considered for U.S. federal tax purposes to be a tax resident in the jurisdiction of its organization or incorporation. Because Johnson Controls International plc is an Irish incorporated entity, it would generally be classified as a non-U.S. corporation (and, therefore, a non-U.S. tax resident) under these rules. However, Section 7874 of the Code ("Section 7874") provides an exception to this general rule under which a non-U.S. incorporated entity may, in certain circumstances, be treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes.

Under Section 7874, if (1) former Johnson Controls, Inc. shareholders owned (within the meaning of Section 7874) 80% or more (by vote or value) of our ordinary shares after the Merger by reason of holding Johnson Controls, Inc. common stock (the "80% ownership test," and such ownership percentage the "Section 7874 ownership percentage"), and (2) our "expanded affiliated group" did not have "substantial business activities" in Ireland (the "substantial("the substantial business activities test"), we will be treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes. If the Section 7874 ownership percentage of the former Johnson Controls, Inc. shareholders after the Merger was less than 80% but at least 60% (the "60% ownership test"), and the substantial business activities test was not met, we and our U.S. affiliates (including the U.S. affiliates historically owned by Tyco) may, in some circumstances, be subject to certain adverse U.S. federal income tax rules (which, among other things, could limit their ability to utilize certain U.S. tax attributes to offset U.S. taxable income or gain resulting from certain transactions).

Based on the terms of the Merger, the rules for determining share ownership under Section 7874 and certain factual assumptions, we believe that former Johnson Controls, Inc. shareholders owned (within the meaning of Section 7874) less than 60% (by both vote and value) of our ordinary shares after the Merger by reason of holding shares of Johnson Controls, Inc. common stock. Therefore, under current law, we believe that we should not be treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes and that Section 7874 should otherwise not apply to us or our affiliates as a result of the Merger.

However, the rules under Section 7874 are relatively new and complex and there is limited guidance regarding their application. In particular, ownership for purposes of Section 7874 is subject to various adjustments under the Code and the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, and there is limited guidance regarding Section 7874, including with respect to the application of the ownership tests described therein. As a result, the determination of the Section 7874 ownership percentage is complex and is subject to factual and legal uncertainties. Thus, there can be no assurance that the IRS will agree with the position that we should not be treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes or that Section 7874 does not otherwise apply as a result of the Merger.

In addition, on April 4, 2016,January 13, 2017 and July 11, 2018, the U.S. Treasury and the IRS issued temporaryfinalized certain Treasury regulations issued under Section 7874 and revised certain related temporary regulations (the "Temporary Section"Section 7874 Regulations"), which, among other things, require certain adjustments that generally increase, for purposes of the Section 7874 ownership tests, the percentage of the stock of a foreign acquiring corporation deemed owned (within the meaning of Section 7874) by the former shareholders of an acquired U.S. corporation by reason of holding stock in such U.S. corporation. For example, these temporary regulations disregard, for purposes of determining this ownership percentage, (1) any "non-ordinary course distributions" (within the meaning of the temporary regulations) made by the acquired U.S. corporation (such as Johnson Controls, Inc.) during the 36 months preceding the acquisition, including certain dividends and share repurchases, (2) potentially any cash consideration received by the shareholders of such U.S. corporation in the acquisition to the extent such cash is, directly or indirectly, provided by the U.S. corporation, as well as (3) certain stock of the foreign acquiring corporation that was issued as consideration in a prior acquisition of another U.S. corporation (or U.S. partnership) during the 36 months preceding the signing date of a binding contract for the acquisition being tested. Taking into account the effect of these temporary regulations, we believe that the Section 7874 ownership percentage of former Johnson Controls, Inc. shareholders in us was less than 60%. However, these temporary regulations are new and complex and there is limited guidance regarding their application. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not successfully assert that either the 80% ownership test or the 60% ownership test was met after the Merger.

If the 80% ownership test was met after the Merger and we were accordingly treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes under Section 7874, we would be subject to substantial additional U.S. tax liability. Additionally, in such case, our non-U.S. shareholders would be subject to U.S. withholding tax on the gross amount of any dividends we pay to such shareholders (subject to an exemption or reduced rate available under an applicable tax treaty). Regardless of any application of Section 7874, we are treated as an Irish tax resident for Irish tax purposes. Consequently, if we were to be treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes under Section 7874, we could be liable for both U.S. and Irish taxes, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.


If the 60% ownership test were met, several adverse U.S. federal income tax rules could apply to our U.S. affiliates. In particular, in such case, Section 7874 could limit the ability of such U.S. affiliates to utilize certain U.S. tax attributes (including net operating losses and certain tax credits) to offset any taxable income or gain resulting from certain transactions, including any transfers or licenses of property to a foreign related person during the 10-year period following the Merger. The Temporary Section 7874 Regulations generally expand the scope of these rules. If the 60% ownership test were met after the Merger, such current and future limitations would apply to our U.S. affiliates (including the U.S. affiliates historically owned by Tyco), and their application could limit their ability to utilize such U.S. tax attributes against any income or gain recognized in connection with the Adient spin-off. In such case, the application of such rules could result in significant additional U.S. tax liability. In addition, the Temporary Section 7874 Regulations (and certain related temporary regulations issued under other provisions of the Code) include new rules that would apply if the 60% ownership test were met, which, in such situation, may limit our ability to restructure or access cash earned by certain of our non-U.S. subsidiaries, in each case, without incurring substantial U.S. tax liabilities.

Future potential changes to the tax laws could result in our being treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes or in us and our U.S. affiliates (including the U.S. affiliates historically owned by Tyco) being subject to certain adverse U.S. federal income tax rules.

As discussed above, under current law, we believe that we should be treated as a non-U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes and that Section 7874 does not otherwise apply as a result of the Merger. However, changes to Section 7874, or the U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, could affect our status as a non-U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes or could result in the application of certain adverse U.S. federal income tax rules to us and our U.S. affiliates (including the U.S. affiliates historically owned by Tyco). Any such changes could have prospective or retroactive application, and may apply even though the Merger has been consummated. If we were to be treated as a U.S. corporation for federal tax purposes or if we or our U.S. affiliates (including the U.S. affiliates historically owned by Tyco) were to become subject to such adverse U.S. federal income tax rules, we and our U.S. affiliates could be subject to substantially greater U.S. tax liability than currently contemplated.

RecentCertain legislative and other proposals have aimed to expand the scope of U.S. corporate tax residence, including in such a way as would cause us to be treated as a U.S. corporation if our place of management and control or the place of management and control of our non-U.S. affiliates were determined to be located primarily in the United States. In addition, recentcertain legislative and other proposals have aimed to expand the scope of Section 7874, or otherwise address certain perceived issues arising in connection with so-called inversion transactions. For example, multiple proposals introduced by certain Democratic members of both houses of Congress, which, if enacted in their present form, would be effective retroactively to certain transactions (including the Merger), would, among other things, treat a foreign acquiring corporation as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes under Section 7874 if the former shareholders of a U.S. corporation acquired by such foreign acquiring corporation own more than 50% of the shares of the foreign acquiring corporation after the acquisition. These proposals, if enacted in their present form and made retroactive to a date before the date of the closing of the Merger, would cause us to be treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes. In such case, we would be subject to substantially greater U.S. tax liability than currently contemplated.

Other recent legislative and other proposals, if enacted, as well as the recently issued Treasury Regulations relating to treatment of related-party debt under Section 385 of the Code, could cause us and our affiliates to be subject to certain intercompany financing limitations, including with respect to their ability to deduct certain interest expense, and could cause us and our affiliates to recognize additional taxable income. Any such proposals, regulations and any other relevant provisions that could change on a prospective or retroactive basis, could have a significant adverse effect on us and our affiliates.

It is presently uncertain whether any such proposals or other legislative action relating to the scope of U.S. tax residence, Section 7874 or so-called inversion transactions and inverted groups will be enacted into law, and whether the recently issued Treasury Regulationslaw.

Other legislative and/or other proposals relating to treatment of related-party debtU.S. taxation could also have a material impact on our future financial results. The recently enacted TCJA introduced significant changes to certain U.S. tax laws relevant to us and our affiliates, including limitations on the deductibility of certain interest expense and employee compensation, limitations on various other deductions and credits, the imposition of taxes in respect of certain cross-border payments or transfers, the imposition of taxes on certain earnings of non-U.S. entities on a current basis, and changes in the timing of the recognition of income or its character. These changes, any future regulatory guidance implementing the TCJA, as well as any other legislative or other proposals or changes relating to U.S. taxation (which may or may not be adopted and may apply, on a prospective or retroactive basis), could have a significant adverse effect on us and our affiliates.

We may be unable to achieve some or all of the benefits that we expect to achieve from the spin-off of Adient plcplc.

On October 31, 2016, we completed the separation of our Automotive Experience business through the spin-off of Adient plc to shareholders. Following the spin-off, we are a smaller and less diversified company with a narrower business focus and, as a result, we may be more vulnerable to changing market conditions.

Although we believe that the spin-off of Adient plc will provide financial, operational, managerial and other benefits to us and shareholders, the spin-off may not provide such results on the scope or scale we anticipate, and we may not realize any or all of the intended benefits. In addition, we have and will continue to incur one-time costs and ongoing costs in connection with, or as a result of, the spin-off, including costs of operating as independent, publicly-traded companies that the two businesses are no longer able to share. Those costs may exceed our estimates or could negate some of the benefits we expect to realize. If we do not

realize the intended benefits of the spin-off or if our costs exceed our estimates, we could suffer a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Adient may fail to perform under various transaction agreements that we have executed as part of the Separation.Adient spin-off.

In connection with the Separation,spin-off of Adient, we and Adient have entered into a separation and distribution agreement and various other agreements, including a transition services agreement, a tax matters agreement, an employee matters agreement and a transitional trademark license agreement. Certain of these agreements provide for the performance of services by each company for the benefit of the other for a period of time after the Separation.spin-off. We will rely on Adient to satisfy its performance and payment obligations under these agreements. If Adient is unable to satisfy its obligations under these agreements, including its indemnification obligations, we could incur operational difficulties or losses.

Risks Relating to Our Jurisdiction of Incorporation

Legislative action in the U.S. could materially and adversely affect us.

Legislative action may be taken by the U.S. Congress which, if ultimately enacted, could limit the availability of tax benefits or deductions that we currently claim, override tax treaties upon which we rely, affect our status as a non-U.S. corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, impose additional taxes on payments made by our U.S. subsidiaries to non-U.S. affiliates, or otherwise affect the taxes that the U.S. imposes on our worldwide operations. Such changes could have retroactive effect and could have a material adverse effect on our effective tax rate and/or require us to take further action, at potentially significant expense, to seek to preserve our effective tax rate. In addition, if proposals were enacted that had the effect of disregarding or limiting our ability, as an Irish company, to take advantage of tax treaties with the U.S., we could incur additional tax expense and/or otherwise incur business detriment.

Legislation relating to governmental contracts could materially and adversely affect us.

Various U.S. federal and state legislative proposals that would deny governmental contracts to U.S. companies that have moved their corporate location abroad may affect us. We are unable to predict the likelihood that, or final form in which, any such proposed legislation might become law, the nature of regulations that may be promulgated under any future legislative enactments, or the effect such enactments and increased regulatory scrutiny may have on our business.

Irish law differs from the laws in effect in the U.S. and may afford less protection to holders of our securities.

It may not be possible to enforce court judgments obtained in the U.S. against us in Ireland based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal or state securities laws. In addition, there is some uncertainty as to whether the courts of Ireland would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained against us or our directors or officers based on the civil liabilities provisions of the U.S. federal or state securities laws or hear actions against us or those persons based on those laws. We have been advised that the U.S. currently does not have a treaty with Ireland providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters. Therefore, a final judgment for the payment of money rendered by any U.S. federal or state court based on civil liability, whether or not based solely on U.S. federal or state securities laws, would not automatically be enforceable in Ireland.

A judgment obtained against the combined company will be enforced by the courts of Ireland if the following general requirements are met:

U.S. courts must have had jurisdiction in relation to the particular defendant according to Irish conflict of law rules (the submission to jurisdiction by the defendant would satisfy this rule); and
the judgment must be final and conclusive and the decree must be final and unalterable in the court which pronounces it.

A judgment can be final and conclusive even if it is subject to appeal or even if an appeal is pending. But where the effect of lodging an appeal under the applicable law is to stay execution of the judgment, it is possible that in the meantime the judgment may not be actionable in Ireland. It remains to be determined whether final judgment given in default of appearance is final and conclusive. Irish courts may also refuse to enforce a judgment of the U.S. courts which meets the above requirements for one of the following reasons:

the judgment is not for a definite sum of money;
the judgment was obtained by fraud;

the enforcement of the judgment in Ireland would be contrary to natural or constitutional justice;
the judgment is contrary to Irish public policy or involves certain U.S. laws which will not be enforced in Ireland; or

jurisdiction cannot be obtained by the Irish courts over the judgment debtors in the enforcement proceedings by personal service Ireland or outside Ireland under Order 11 of the Irish Superior Courts Rules.

As an Irish company, Johnson Controls is governed by the Irish Companies Acts, which differ in some material respects from laws generally applicable to U.S. corporations and shareholders, including, among others, differences relating to interested director and officer transactions and shareholder lawsuits. Likewise, the duties of directors and officers of an Irish company generally are owed to the company only. Shareholders of Irish companies generally do not have a personal right of action against directors or officers of the company and may exercise such rights of action on behalf of the company only in limited circumstances. Accordingly, holders of Johnson Controls International plc securities may have more difficulty protecting their interests than would holders of securities of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction of the U.S.

Our effective tax rate may increase.

There is uncertainty regarding the tax policies of the jurisdictions where we operate, including the potential legislative actions described in these risk factors, which if enacted could result in an increase in our effective tax rate. Additionally, the tax laws of Ireland and other jurisdictions could change in the future, and such changes could cause a material increase in our effective tax rate.

Changes to the U.S. model income tax treaty could adversely affect us.

On February 17, 2016, the U.S. Treasury released a newly revised U.S. model income tax convention (the "model""new model"), which is the baseline text used by the U.S. Treasury to negotiate tax treaties. The new model treaty provisions were preceded by draft versions released by the U.S. Treasury on May 20, 2015 (the "May 2015 draft") for public comment. The revisions made to the model address certain aspects of the model by modifying existing provisions and introducing entirely new provisions. Specifically, the new provisions target (i) permanent establishments subject to little or no foreign tax, (ii) special tax regimes, (iii) expatriated entities subject to Section 7874, (iv) the anti-treaty shopping measures of the limitation on benefits article and (v) subsequent changes in treaty partners' tax laws.

With respect to new model provisions pertaining to expatriated entities, because we do not believe that the Merger resulted in the creation of an expatriated entity as defined in Section 7874, payments of interest, dividends, royalties and certain other items of income by or to us and/or our U.S. affiliates to or from non-U.S. persons would not be expected to become subject to full withholding tax, even if applicable treaties were subsequently amended to adopt the new model provisions. In response to comments the U.S. Treasury received regarding the May 2015 draft, the new model treaty provisions pertaining to expatriated entities fix the definition of "expatriated entity" to the meaning ascribed to such term under Section 7874(a)(2)(A) as of the date the relevant bilateral treaty is signed. However, as discussed above, the rules under Section 7874 are relatively new, complex and are the subject of current and future legislative and regulatory changes. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will agree with the position that the Merger did not result in the creation of an expatriated entity (within the meaning of Section 7874) under the law as in effect at the time the applicable treaty were to be amended or that such a challenge would not be sustained by a court, or that such position would not be affected by future or regulatory action which may apply retroactively to the Merger.

Transfers of Johnson Controls ordinary shares may be subject to Irish stamp duty.

For the majority of transfers of Johnson Controls ordinary shares, there is no Irish stamp duty. However, Irish stamp duty is payable in respect offor certain share transfers. A transfer of Johnson Controls ordinary shares from a seller who holds shares beneficially (i.e. through the Depository Trust Company ("DTC")) to a buyer who holds the acquired shares beneficially is not subject to Irish stamp duty (unless the transfer involves a change in the nominee that is the record holder of the transferred shares). A transfer of Johnson Controls ordinary shares by a seller who holds shares directly (i.e. not through DTC) to any buyer, or by a seller who holds the shares beneficially to a buyer who holds the acquired shares directly, may be subject to Irish stamp duty (currently at the rate of 1% of the price paid or the market value of the shares acquired, if higher) payable by the buyer. A shareholder who directly holds shares may transfer those shares into his or her own broker account to be held through DTC without giving rise to Irish stamp duty provided that the shareholder has confirmed to Johnson Controls transfer agent that there is no change in the ultimate beneficial ownership of the shares as a result of the transfer and, at the time of the transfer, there is no agreement in place for a sale of the shares.

We currently intend to pay, or cause one of our affiliates to pay, stamp duty in connection with share transfers made in the ordinary course of trading by a seller who holds shares directly to a buyer who holds the acquired shares beneficially. In other cases Johnson Controls may, in its absolute discretion, pay or cause one of its affiliates to pay any stamp duty. Johnson Controls Memorandum and Articles of Association provide that, in the event of any such payment, Johnson Controls (i) may seek reimbursement from

the buyer, (ii) may have a lien against the Johnson Controls ordinary shares acquired by such buyer and any dividends paid on

such shares and (iii) may set-off the amount of the stamp duty against future dividends on such shares. Parties to a share transfer may assume that any stamp duty arising in respect of a transaction in Johnson Controls ordinary shares has been paid unless one or both of such parties is otherwise notified by Johnson Controls.

Dividends you receivepaid by us may be subject to Irish dividend withholding tax.

In certain circumstances, as an Irish tax resident company, we maywill be required to deduct Johnson ControlsIrish dividend withholding tax (currently at the rate of 20%) from dividends paid to our shareholders. Whether Johnson Controls is requiredShareholders that are resident in the U.S., European Union countries (other than Ireland) or other countries with which Ireland has signed a tax treaty (whether the treaty has been ratified or not) generally should not be subject to deduct Irish dividend withholding tax from dividends paidso long as the shareholder has provided its broker, for onward transmission to a shareholder depends largely on whether that shareholder is resident for tax purposes in a “relevant territory.” A listour qualifying intermediary or other designated agent (in the case of shares held beneficially), or us or our transfer agent (in the case of shares held directly), with all the necessary documentation by the appropriate due date prior to payment of the “relevant territories” is included as Annex Cdividend. However, some shareholders may be subject to withholding tax, which could adversely affect the proxy statement/prospectus related to the re-domicile to Ireland.price of our ordinary shares.

Dividends received by you could be subject to Irish income tax.

Dividends paid in respect of Johnson Controls ordinary shares generally are not subject to Irish income tax where the beneficial owner of these dividends is exempt from dividend withholding tax, unless the beneficial owner of the dividend has some connection with Ireland other than his or her shareholding in Johnson Controls.

Johnson Controls shareholders who receive their dividends subject to Irish dividend withholding tax generally will have no further liability to Irish income tax on the dividend unless the beneficial owner of the dividend has some connection with Ireland other than his or her shareholding in Johnson Controls.

ITEM 1BUNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

The Company has no unresolved written comments regarding its periodic or current reports from the staff of the SEC.

ITEM 2PROPERTIES

The Company conducts its operations in approximately 6370 countries throughout the world, with its world headquarters located in Cork, Ireland and its North American operational headquarters located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA. The Company’s wholly- and majority-owned facilities primarily consist of manufacturing, sales and service offices, research and development facilities, monitoring centers, and assembly and/or warehouse centers. At September 30, 2016,2018, these properties totaled approximately 12380 million square feet of floor space of which 7652 million square feet are owned and 4728 million square feet are leased. The Company considers its facilities to be suitable for their current uses and adequate for current needs. The majority of the facilities are operating at normal levels based on capacity. The Company does not anticipate difficulty in renewing existing leases as they expire or in finding alternative facilities.

Building Efficiency Systems and ServiceSolutions North America operates through a network of sales and service offices located in North America. The business occupies approximately 3 million square feet, of which 2 million square feet are leased and 1 million square feet are owned.

Building Efficiency Products North America operates through a network of manufacturing facilities, and assembly and/or warehouse centers located in North America. The business occupies approximately 12 million square feet, of which 6 million square feet are leased and 6 million square feet are owned.

Building Efficiency Asia operates through a network of manufacturing facilities, sales and service offices and assembly and/or warehouse centers located in the Asia-Pacific region.U.S. and Canada. The business occupies approximately 126 million square feet, of which 7 million square feet are owned and 5 million square feet are leased.leased and 1 million square feet are owned.

Building Efficiency Rest of WorldSolutions EMEA/LA operates through a network of manufacturing facilities, sales and service offices and assembly and/or warehouse centers located in South America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Africa.Latin America. The business occupies approximately 114 million square feet, of which 73 million square feet are leased and 41 million square feet are owned.

TycoBuilding Solutions Asia Pacific operates through a network of manufacturing facilities, monitoring centers, sales and service offices and assembly and/or warehouse centers located in North America, South America, Europe, Africa and the Asia-PacificAsia Pacific region. The business occupies approximated 13approximately 2 million square feet, of which 10 million square feet are leased and 3 million square feet are owned.the majority is leased.


Automotive Experience SeatingGlobal Products operates through a network of manufacturing facilities, sales offices and assembly and/or warehouse centers located in North America, SouthLatin America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa and the Asia-Pacific region.Asia Pacific. The business occupies approximately 2731 million square feet, of which 15 million square feet are leased and 16 million square feet are owned and 11 million square feet are leased.

Automotive Experience Interiors operates through a network of manufacturing facilities, and assembly and/or warehouse centers located in North America, South America, Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. The business occupies approximately 4 million square feet, of which 2 million square feet are owned and 2 million square feet are leased.owned.

Power Solutions operates through a network of manufacturing facilities, and assembly and/or warehouse centers located in North America, South America, Europe and the Asia-PacificAsia Pacific region. The business occupies approximately 3935 million square feet, of which 3733 million square feet are owned and 2 million square feet are leased.


Corporate offices operate in North America, Europe and the Asia-Pacific region, which occupy approximately 2 million square feet, of which the majority is leased.1 million square feet are leased and 1 million square feet are owned.

ITEM 3LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Environmental Matters

As noted in Item 1, liabilities potentially arise globally under various environmental laws and worker safety laws for activities that are not in compliance with such laws and for the cleanup of sites where Company-related substances have been released into the environment.

Currently, the Company is responding to allegations that it is responsible for performing environmental remediation, or for the repayment of costs spent by governmental entities or others performing remediation, at approximately 51 sites in the United States. Many of these sites are landfills used by the Company in the past for the disposal of waste materials; others are secondary lead smelters and lead recycling sites where the Company returned lead-containing materials for recycling; a few involve the cleanup of Company manufacturing facilities; and the remaining fall into miscellaneous categories. The Company may face similar claims of liability at additional sites in the future. Where potential liabilities are alleged, the Company pursues a course of action intended to mitigate them.

The Company accrues for potential environmental liabilities when it is probable a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability is reasonably estimable. As of September 30, 2016, reserves for environmental liabilities totaled $55 million, of which $15 million was recorded within other current liabilities and $40 million was recorded within other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position. The Company reviews the status of its environmental sites on a quarterly basis and adjusts its reserves accordingly. Such potential liabilities accrued by the Company do not take into consideration possible recoveries of future insurance proceeds. They do, however, take into account the likely share other parties will bear at remediation sites. It is difficult to estimate the Company’s ultimate level of liability at many remediation sites due to the large number of other parties that may be involved, the complexity of determining the relative liability among those parties, the uncertainty as to the nature and scope of the investigations and remediation to be conducted, the uncertainty in the application of law and risk assessment, the various choices and costs associated with diverse technologies that may be used in corrective actions at the sites, and the often quite lengthy periods over which eventual remediation may occur. Nevertheless, the Company does not currently believe that any claims, penalties or costs in connection with known environmental matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, the Company has identified asset retirement obligations for environmental matters that are expected to be addressed at the retirement, disposal, removal or abandonment of existing owned facilities, primarily in the Power Solutions and Building Efficiency businesses. At September 30, 2016, the Company recorded conditional asset retirement obligations of $74 million.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2016, our Power Solutions business entered into a Consent Order with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control related to alleged violations of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and South Carolina air regulations and permit conditions and failure to comply with standard operating procedures at the Company’s Florence, South Carolina Battery Recycling Center. The Consent Order obligates the Company to implement a number of corrective actions and required the payment of a civil penalty of $250,000, which the Company has paid.

Asbestos Matters

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries, along with numerous other third parties, are named as defendants in personal injury lawsuits based on alleged exposure to asbestos containing materials. These cases have typically involved product liability claims based primarily on allegations of manufacture, sale or distribution of industrial products that either contained asbestos or were used with asbestos containing components.


As of September 30, 2016, the Company's estimated asbestos related net liability recorded on a discounted basis within the Company's consolidated statements of financial position is $148 million. The net liability within the consolidated statements of financial position is comprised of a liability for pending and future claims and related defense costs of $548 million, of which $35 million is recorded in other current liabilities and $513 million is recorded in other noncurrent liabilities. The Company also maintains separate cash, investments and receivables related to insurance recoveries within the consolidated statements of financial position of $400 million, of which $41 million is recorded in other current assets, and $359 million is recorded in other noncurrent assets. Assets include $16 million of cash and $264 million of investments, which have all been designated as restricted. In connection with the recognition of liabilities for asbestos-related matters, the Company records asbestos-related insurance recoveries that are probable; the amount of such recoveries recorded at September 30, 2016 is $120 million. The Company believes that the asbestos related liabilities and insurance related receivables recorded as of September 30, 2016 are appropriate.

The Company's estimate of the liability and corresponding insurance recovery for pending and future claims and defense costs is based on the Company's historical claim experience, and estimates of the number and resolution cost of potential future claims that may be filed and is discounted to present value from 2069 (which is the Company's reasonable best estimate of the actuarially determined time period through which asbestos-related claims will be filed against Company affiliates). Asbestos related defense costs are included in the asbestos liability. The Company's legal strategy for resolving claims also impacts these estimates. The Company considers various trends and developments in evaluating the period of time (the look-back period) over which historical claim and settlement experience is used to estimate and value claims reasonably projected to be made through 2069. Annually, the Company assesses the sufficiency of its estimated liability for pending and future claims and defense costs by evaluating actual experience regarding claims filed, settled and dismissed, and amounts paid in settlements. In addition to claims and settlement experience, the Company considers additional quantitative and qualitative factors such as changes in legislation, the legal environment, and the Company's defense strategy. The Company also evaluates the recoverability of its insurance receivable on an annual basis. The Company evaluates all of these factors and determines whether a change in the estimate of its liability for pending and future claims and defense costs or insurance receivable is warranted.

The amounts recorded by the Company for asbestos-related liabilities and insurance-related assets are based on the Company's strategies for resolving its asbestos claims, currently available information, and a number of estimates and assumptions. Key variables and assumptions include the number and type of new claims that are filed each year, the average cost of resolution of claims, the identity of defendants, the resolution of coverage issues with insurance carriers, amount of insurance, and the solvency risk with respect to the Company's insurance carriers. Many of these factors are closely linked, such that a change in one variable or assumption will impact one or more of the others, and no single variable or assumption predominately influences the determination of the Company's asbestos-related liabilities and insurance-related assets. Furthermore, predictions with respect to these variables are subject to greater uncertainty in the later portion of the projection period. Other factors that may affect the Company's liability and cash payments for asbestos-related matters include uncertainties surrounding the litigation process from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and from case to case, reforms of state or federal tort legislation and the applicability of insurance policies among subsidiaries. As a result, actual liabilities or insurance recoveries could be significantly higher or lower than those recorded if assumptions used in the Company's calculations vary significantly from actual results.

Insurable Liabilities

The Company records liabilities for its workers' compensation, product, general and auto liabilities. The determination of these liabilities and related expenses is dependent on claims experience. For most of these liabilities, claims incurred but not yet reported are estimated by utilizing actuarial valuations based upon historical claims experience. At September 30, 2016, the insurable liabilities totaled $473 million, of which $70 million was recorded within other current liabilities, $36 million was recorded within accrued compensation and benefits, and $367 million was recorded within other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position. The Company records receivables from third party insurers when recovery has been determined to be probable. The Company maintains captive insurance companies to manage certain of its insurable liabilities.

Other Matters

On July 11, 2016, the Company and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) resolved alleged Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) violations related to the Company’s Building Efficiency marine business in China dating back to 2007, which the Company had self-reported to the SEC and the Department of Justice (DOJ) in June 2013. These allegations were isolated to the Company’s marine business in China, which had annual sales ranging from $20 million to $50 million during this period. The Company, under Audit Committee and Board of Directors oversight, proactively initiated an investigation of the matter. Pursuant to the SEC’s Order resolving this matter, the Company agreed to pay $14 million to the SEC in July 2016 (characterized as disgorgement of profits, civil penalties and interest) and also agreed to make certain reports to the SEC over a one-year period with regard to its FCPA compliance program. The Company neither admitted nor denied the findings in the SEC’s Order. On July

11, 2016, the DOJ made public a letter stating that the DOJ had closed its investigation of the matter. The Company does not anticipate any material adverse effect on its business or financial condition as a result of this matter, including the SEC’s Order.

An investigation by the European Commission (EC) related to European lead recyclers’ procurement practices is currently underway, with the Company one of several named companies subject to review. On June 24, 2015, the EC initiated proceedings and adopted a statement of objections alleging infringements of competition rules in Europe against the Company and certain other companies. The Company will continue to cooperate with the EC in their proceedings and does not anticipate any material adverse effect on its business or financial condition as a result of this matter. The Company’s policy is to comply with antitrust and competition laws and, if a violation of any such laws is found, to take appropriate remedial action and to cooperate fully with any related governmental inquiry. Competition and antitrust law investigations may continue for several years and can result in substantial fines depending on the gravity and duration of the violations.

On March 1, 2016, a putative class action lawsuit, WandelLaufer v. Tyco International plc, et al., Docket No. C-000010-16, was filed in the Superior Court of New Jersey naming the Company (previously Tyco International plc), the individual members of its board of directors, Johnson Controls, Inc. and a merger subsidiary of the Company as defendants. The complaint alleged that, prior to the merger, the Company's directors breached their fiduciary duties and exercised their powers as directors in a manner oppressive to the public shareholders of Tyco in violation of Irish law by, among other things, failing to take steps to maximize shareholder value and failing to protect against purported conflicts of interest. The complaint further alleged that the Company, Johnson Controls, Inc. and the Company's merger subsidiary aided and abetted Tyco’s directors in the breach of their fiduciary duties. The complaint sought, among other things, to enjoin the merger between Johnson Controls, Inc. and Tyco's subsidiary. On September 9, 2016, plaintiff voluntarily dismissed the complaint as to all defendants., et al.

On May 20, 2016, a putative class action lawsuit, Laufer v. Johnson Controls, Inc., et al., Docket No. 2016CV003859, was filed in the Circuit Court of Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, naming Johnson Controls, Inc., the individual members of its board of directors, the Company and the Company's merger subsidiary as defendants. The complaint alleged that Johnson Controls Inc.'s directors breached their fiduciary duties in connection with the merger between Johnson Controls Inc. and the Company's merger subsidiary by, among other things, failing to take steps to maximize shareholder value, seeking to benefit themselves improperly and failing to disclose material information in the joint proxy statement/prospectus relating to the merger. The complaint further alleged that the Company aided and abetted Johnson Controls Inc.'s directors in the breach of their fiduciary duties. The complaint sought, among other things, to enjoin the merger. On August 8, 2016, the plaintiffs agreed to settle the action and release all claims that were or could have been brought by plaintiffs or any member of the putative class of Johnson Controls Inc.'s shareholders. The settlement is conditioned upon, among other things, the execution of an appropriate stipulation of settlement. If the parties enter into a stipulation of settlement, a hearing will be scheduled at whichwas approved by the court will consider the fairness of the proposed settlement. There can be no assurance that the parties will ultimately enter into a stipulation of settlement or that the court will approve the settlement. In either event, or certain other circumstances, the settlement could be terminated. on August 13, 2018.

Gumm v. Molinaroli, et al.

On August 16, 2016, a putative class action lawsuit, Gumm v. Molinaroli, et al., Case No. 16-cv-1093, was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin, naming Johnson Controls, Inc., the individual members of its board of directors at the time of the merger with the Company’s merger subsidiary and certain of its officers, the Company and the Company’s merger subsidiary as defendants. The complaint asserted various causes of action under the federal securities laws, state law and the Taxpayer Bill of Rights, II, including that the individual defendants allegedly breached their fiduciary duties and unjustly enriched themselves by structuring the merger among the Company, Tyco and the merger subsidiary in a manner that would result in a United States federal income tax realization event for the putative class of certain Johnson Controls, Inc. shareholders and allegedly result in certain benefits to the defendants, as well as related claims regarding alleged misstatements in the proxy statement/prospectus distributed to the Johnson Controls, Inc. shareholders, conversion and breach of contract. The complaint also asserted that Johnson Controls, Inc., the Company and the Company’s merger subsidiary aided and abetted the individual defendants in their breach of fiduciary duties and unjust enrichment. The complaint seeks, among other things, disgorgement of profits damages and to enjoin the closing of the merger.damages. On September 30, 2016, approximately one month after the closing of the merger, plaintiffs filed a preliminary injunction motion seeking, among other items, to compel Johnson Controls, Inc. to make certain intercompany payments that plaintiffs contend will impact the United States federal income tax consequences of the merger to the putative class of certain Johnson Controls, Inc. shareholders and to enjoin Johnson Controls, Inc. from reporting to the Internal Revenue Service the capital gains taxes payable by this putative class as a result of the closing of the merger. AThe court held a hearing on the preliminary injunction motion on January 4, 2017, and on January 25, 2017, the judge denied the plaintiffs' motion. Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on February 15, 2017, and the Company filed a motion to dismiss on April 3, 2017. Although the Company believes it has substantial defenses to plaintiffs’ claims, it is currently scheduled for January 2017.

The Company is involved in various lawsuits, claims and proceedings incidentnot able to the operation of its businesses, including those pertaining to product liability, environmental, safety and health, intellectual property, employment, commercial and contractual matters, and various other casualty matters. Althoughpredict the outcome of litigation cannot be predicted with certainty and some lawsuits, claims or proceedings may be disposed of unfavorably to us, it is management’s opinion that none of these will have a materialthis action.

adverse effect onRefer to Note 22, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the Company’snotes to consolidated financial position, resultsstatements for discussion of operations or cash flows. Costs related to suchenvironmental, asbestos, insurable liabilities and other litigation matters, were not material to the periods presented.which is incorporated by reference herein and is considered an integral part of Part I, Item 3, "Legal Proceedings."

ITEM 4MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

Pursuant to General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the following list of executive officers of the Company as of November 23, 201620, 2018 is included as an unnumbered Item in Part I of this report in lieu of being included in the Company’s Proxy Statement relating to the annual general meeting of shareholders to be held on March 9, 2017.6, 2019.

Simon DavisJohn Donofrio, 52, was elected56, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer following the completionGeneral Counsel of the Merger in September 2016. Prior to the Merger he was elected a Vice President of Johnson Controls, Inc. in May 2014 and named Chief Human Resources Officer in September 2015.Company since November 15, 2017.  He previously served Johnson Controls, Inc. as Assistant Chief Human Resources Officer from 2014 to September 2015, as Vice President, Talent Strategy & Organizational ExcellenceGeneral Counsel and Secretary of Mars, Incorporated, a global food manufacturer from 2011October 2013 to 2014 and asNovember 2017. Before joining Mars in October 2013, Mr. Donofrio was Executive Vice President, - Human Resources, Power SolutionsGeneral Counsel and Secretary for The Shaw Group Inc., a global engineering and construction company, from 2007October 2009 until February 2013. Prior to 2011.joining Shaw, Mr. Davis joined Johnson Controls,Donofrio was Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer at Visteon Corporation, a global automotive supplier, a position he held from 2005 until October 2009. Mr. Donofrio

has been a Director of FARO Technologies, Inc. in 1997., a designer, developer, manufacturer and marketer of software driven, 3D measurement, imaging and realization systems, since 2008.

     William C. Jackson, 56,58, was elected Vice President and President, Global Products, Building Technologies and Solutions following the completion of the Merger in September 2016. Prior to the Merger he was elected a Vice President and named President, Building Efficiency of Johnson Controls, Inc. in September 2014. He previously served Johnson Controls, Inc. as Executive Vice President, Corporate Development from 2013 to 2014, as President - Automotive Electronics & Interiors from 2012 to 2014, and as Executive Vice President, Operations and Innovation, from 2011 to 2013. Prior to joining Johnson Controls, Inc., Mr. Jackson was Vice President and President of Automotive at Sears Holdings Corporation, (an integrated retailer) from 2009 to 2010. Mr. Jackson is a Director of Metaldyne Performance Group, Inc. (metal-forming technology manufacturing company), where he serves on the Compensation Committee.

Alex A. MolinaroliVisal Leng, 57, was elected Chief Executive Officer following the completion of the Merger in September 2016. He also serves as the Company's Principal Executive Officer. Prior to the Merger he was the Chief Executive Officer and President of Johnson Controls, Inc. from October 2013. He was also elected Chairman of the Board of Directors of Johnson Controls, Inc. in January 2014 and was elected Chairman of the Board of the Company in September 2016. He served as a Director of Johnson Controls, Inc. since October 2013. He previously served Johnson Controls, Inc. as Vice Chairman from January 2013 to October 2013, as a Corporate Vice President from 2004 to 2013 and as President of the Power Solutions business from 2007 to 2013. Mr. Molinaroli joined Johnson Controls, Inc. in 1983.

Trent Nevill, 45,48, was elected Vice President and President, Building Solutions, Asia Pacific following the completion of the Merger in September 2016. Prior to the Merger, he was a Vice President and named2018.  He previously served as President Asia Pacific of Johnson Controls, Inc.Baker Hughes, the world’s first and only full stream provider of integrated oilfield products, services and digital solutions, from July 2017 to September 2018.  Prior to the merger of Baker Hughes with General Electric in March 2016. He served Johnson Controls, Inc. as Vice2017, he held a number of roles with increasing responsibility in General Electric from his hire in November 1996, including President &of its Asia Pacific oil and gas operations from January 2014 to July 2017; and Asia Pacific Regional General Manager - North America Systems, Services and Solutions from 2014October 2011 to 2016, Vice President - North America Business Operations from 2013 to 2014, Vice President & General Manager - North American HVAC and Regions from 2010 toDecember 2013. Mr. Nevill joined Johnson Controls, Inc. in 1995.

     Lynn Minella, 60, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer since June 2017. Prior to joining Johnson Controls, she served as Group Human Resources Director at BAE Systems Plc from June 2012 to June 2017. Prior to BAE Systems, she was with Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. from 2004 until 2012 where she was the Senior Vice President of Human Resources and Communications. Earlier in her career she also held a variety of human resources roles of increasing responsibility at International Business Machines Corporation.

George R. Oliver, 57, was elected59, has served as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board since September 2017. Prior thereto he served as President and Chief Operating Officer following the completion of the Merger in September 2016. Prior to the Merger, he was Chief Executive Officer of Tyco from October 2012. He joined Tyco in July 2006, serving as president of Tyco Safety Products, and assumed additional responsibility as president of Tyco Electrical & Metal Products from 2007 through 2010. He was appointed president of Tyco Fire Protection in 2011. Mr. Oliver also serves on the board of Raytheon Company, a company specializing in defense, security and civil markets throughout the world.

Johan PfeifferRodney M. Rushing, 51,52, was elected Vice President and President, Building Solutions, Europe, Middle East, Africa and LatinNorth America following the completion of the Merger in SeptemberNovember 2016.  He joined Tyco in July 2015. Previously,From 2015 to November 2016 he had a 22-year career with FMC Corporation and FMC Technologies, where he most recently served as Vice President, leading the global Surface Technologies and Energy Infrastructure businesses.  

Judith A. Reinsdorf, 53was elected ExecutiveGlobal Vice President and General Counsel in March 2007. From October 2004Manager, Global Products - Direct Expansion, overseeing the integration of Johnson Controls, Inc.’s joint venture with Hitachi Air Conditioning.  Prior thereto, from 2013 to February 2007, Ms. Reinsdorf served as Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of C.R. Bard, Inc., a medical device company. Previously, she had served as2015 he was Vice President and Corporate Secretary of TycoGeneral Manager, Products and Distribution North America and from 20032009 to 2004 and as2013 he was Vice President and Associate General CounselManager of Pharmacia Corporation from 2000 to 2003. Ms. ReinsdorfUnitary Products. Mr. Rushing first joined Johnson Controls, Inc. in 1990, and has beenheld a directornumber of The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation, a commercial informationroles of increasing responsibility in its field and business insight provider, since 2013.product organization.

    Brian J. Stief, 60,62, was elected Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer following the completion of the Merger in September 2016. He also serves as the Company’s Principal Financial Officer. Prior to the Merger, he was elected Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Johnson Controls, Inc. in September 2014. He previously served Johnson Controls, Inc. as Vice President and Corporate Controller from 2010 to 2014. Prior to joining Johnson Controls, Inc. in 2010, Mr. Stief was a partner with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (an audit and assurance, tax and consulting services provider), which he joined in 1979 and in which he became partner in 1989.

Suzanne M. VincentRobert VanHimbergen,, 46, was elected 42, has served as Vice President and Corporate Controller following the completion of the Mergersince December 2017.  Mr. VanHimbergen joined Johnson Controls in September 2016. She also serves2007 as the Company’s PrincipalCorporate Director of Global Accounting Officer. Prior toand has held various Corporate and Power Solutions positions of increasing responsibility. His most recent position was serving as the Merger she was elected Vice President and Corporate ControllerChief Financial Officer of Johnson Controls, Inc.Yanfeng Automotive Interiors, an Adient joint venture, formed in September 2014. She previously served as Vice President, Internal Audit since joining Johnson Controls, Inc.2015. Mr. VanHimbergen began his career at PricewaterhouseCoopers in 2012. Prior to that, Ms. Vincent was a partner with KPMG LLP (an audit and assurance, tax and consulting services provider), which she joined in 2001 and in which she became an audit partner in 2008.1998. 

    Joseph A. Walicki, 51,53, was elected Vice President and President, Power Solutions following the completion of the Merger in September 2016. Prior to the Merger, he was elected a Vice President and named President, Power Solutions of Johnson Controls, Inc. in January 2015. He previously served Johnson Controls, Inc. as the Chief Operating Officer, Power Solutions in 2014, as Vice President and General Manager - North America, Systems, Service & Solutions from 2013 to 2014, and as Vice President and General Manager Systems & Channels North America from 2010 to 2013. Mr. Walicki joined Johnson Controls, Inc. in 1988.


Jeff M. Williams, 57, was elected Vice President and President, Building Solutions, Europe, Middle East, Africa and Latin America in March 2017. He previously served as Vice President - Enterprise Operations - Engineering and Supply Chain from January 2015 through the Merger to March 2017.  With respect to roles at Johnson Controls, Inc., he served as Vice President, Program Management Office from 2015 to 2016, as Group Vice President and General Manager Global Seating & Supply Chain from 2013 to 2014, and as Group Vice President and General Manager Customer Group Americas from 2010 to 2012. Mr. Williams joined Johnson Controls, Inc. in 1984.


There are no family relationships, as defined by the instructions to this item, among the Company’s executive officers.


PART II

ITEM 5MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The shares of the Company’s ordinary shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "JCI."
Title of Class
Number of Record Holders
as of September 30, 20162018
Ordinary Shares, $0.01 par value41,29937,836
 
 Ordinary Shares Price Range Dividends
 2016 2015 2016 2015
First Quarter$ 32.29 - 39.38 $ 39.95 - 46.95 $0.205
 $0.18
Second Quarter30.30 - 38.67 41.77 - 46.31 0.205
 0.18
Third Quarter36.29 - 46.05 40.03 - 45.75 0.205
 0.205
Fourth Quarter42.22 - 48.97 34.62 - 40.84 0.435
 0.205
Year$ 30.30 - 48.97 $ 34.62 - 46.95 $1.05
 $0.77

Dividends and share prices are different than the amounts disclosed in the Company's consolidated financial statements in Item 8 due to the distinction between legal and accounting acquirer as a result of the reverse merger acquisition with Tyco. The information prior to the merger date of September 2, 2016 is historical Tyco International plc amounts as it was the legal acquirer.
  Dividends
  2018 2017
First Quarter $0.26
 $0.25
Second Quarter 0.26
 0.25
Third Quarter 0.26
 0.25
Fourth Quarter 0.26
 0.25
Year $1.04
 $1.00

Following the Tyco merger,Merger, the Company adopted, subject to the ongoing existence of sufficient distributable reserves, the existing Tyco International plc $1 billion share repurchase program and authorization remains in effect.September 2016. In December 2017, the Company's Board of Directors approved a $1 billion increase to its share repurchase authorization. The share repurchase program does not have an expiration date and may be amended or terminated by the Board of Directors at any time without prior notice. There were no shares repurchased post merger. Prior to the merger, $501 million was spent on repurchases under JCI Inc.'s $3.65 billion share repurchase program inDuring fiscal year 2016.

The Company entered into an Equity Swap Agreement, dated March 13, 2009, with Citibank, N.A. (Citibank). The Company selectively uses equity swaps to reduce market risk associated with its stock-based compensation plans, such as its deferred compensation plans. These equity compensation liabilities increase as the Company’s stock price increases and decrease as the Company’s stock price decreases. In contrast, the value of the equity swap moves in the opposite direction of these liabilities, allowing2018, the Company to fix a portionrepurchased approximately $300 million of the liabilities at a stated amount.

In connection with the Equity Swap Agreement, Citibank may purchase unlimited shares of the Company’s stock in the market or in privately negotiated transactions. The Company disclaims that Citibank is an "affiliated purchaser" of the Company as such term is defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act or that Citibank is purchasing any shares for the Company. The Equity Swap Agreement has no stated expiration date. During August 2016 the Company unwound the existing equity swap due to the Merger.its shares. As such, the Company had no outstanding equity swaps as of September 30, 2016 and2018, approximately $1.0 billion remains available under the net effectshare repurchase program. In November 2018, the Company's Board of the change in fair value of the equity swaps while outstanding and the change in equity compensation liabilities was not materialDirectors approved a $1 billion increase to the Company’s earnings for the three months ended September 30, 2016.its share repurchase authorization.


The following table presents information regarding the repurchase of the Company’s common stockordinary shares by the Company as part of the publicly announced program and purchases of the Company’s common stock by Citibank in connection with the Equity Swap Agreement during the three months ended September 30, 2016.2018.
PeriodTotal Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of the Publicly Announced Program Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased under the Programs
7/1/16 - 7/31/16       
Purchases by Company613,796
 $42.02 613,796
 $538,072,815
8/1/16 - 8/31/16       
Purchases by Company
 
 
 NA
9/1/16 - 9/30/16       
Purchases by Company
 
 
 NA
7/1/16 - 7/31/16       
Purchases by Citibank
 
 
 NA
8/1/16 - 8/31/16       
Purchases by Citibank (1)
 
 
 NA
9/1/16 - 9/30/16       
Purchases by Citibank
 
 
 NA
PeriodTotal Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of the Publicly Announced Program Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased under the Programs
7/1/18 - 7/31/18       
Purchases by Company431,907
 $34.99
 431,907
 $1,078,596,769
8/1/18 - 8/31/18       
Purchases by Company793,981
 37.90
 793,981
 1,048,504,307
9/1/18 - 9/30/18       
Purchases by Company
 
 
 1,048,504,307

(1) In August 2016, Citibank reduced its holdingDuring the three months ended September 30, 2018, acquisitions of shares by the Company's stock by 3.8 million sharesCompany from certain employees in order to satisfy employee tax withholding requirements in connection with unwindingthe vesting of the existing equity swap.
restricted shares were not material.



The following information in Item 5 is not deemed to be "soliciting material" or to be "filed" with the SEC or subject to Regulation 14A or 14C under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act)("Exchange Act") or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, and will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act, except to the extent the Company specifically incorporates it by reference into such a filing.

The line graph below compares the cumulative total shareholder return on our ordinary shares with the cumulative total return of companies on the Standard & Poor’s (S&P’s)("S&P’s") 500 Stock Index and the companies on the S&P 500 Industrials Index. This graph assumes the investment of $100 on September 30, 20112013 and the reinvestment of all dividends since that date.

a5yearpicture.jpg


The Company’s transfer agent’s contact information is as follows:

Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
EQ Shareowner Services Department
P.O. Box 64874
St. Paul, MN 55164-0874
(877) 602-7397

ITEM 6
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected financial data reflects the results of operations, financial position data and ordinary share information for the fiscal years ended September 30, 20122014 through September 30, 20162018 (dollars in millions, except per share data). Certain amounts have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of the Company's accounting policy change for accruing for defense costs for asbestos claims. The financial data for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016 includes Tyco's results of operations from the acquisition date of September 2, 2016 through September 30, 2016 and financial position and employee information as of September 30, 2016.
Year ended September 30,Year ended September 30,
2016 2015 2014 2013 20122018 2017 2016 2015 2014
OPERATING RESULTS                  
Net sales$37,674
 $37,179
 $38,749
 $37,145
 $36,310
$31,400
 $30,172
 $20,837
 $17,100
 $16,717
Segment EBIT (1)3,023
 3,258
 2,721
 2,511
 2,227
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Johnson Controls (6)(868) 1,439
 1,404
 992
 1,003
Segment EBITA (1)4,555
 4,258
 2,754
 2,327
 2,084
Income from continuing operations attributable to Johnson Controls (6)2,162
 1,654
 732
 814
 906
Net income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls(868) 1,563
 1,215
 1,178
 1,184
2,162
 1,611
 (868) 1,563
 1,215
Earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations (6)         
Earnings per share from continuing operations (6)         
Basic$(1.30) $2.20
 $2.11
 $1.45
 $1.47
$2.34
 $1.77
 $1.10
 $1.24
 $1.36
Diluted(1.30) 2.18
 2.08
 1.44
 1.46
2.32
 1.75
 1.09
 1.23
 1.34
Return on average shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls (2) (6)(5)% 13% 12% 8% 9%10% 7% 4% 8% 8%
Capital expenditures$1,249
 $1,135
 $1,199
 $1,377
 $1,831
$1,030
 $1,343
 $1,249
 $1,135
 $1,199
Depreciation and amortization953
 860
 955
 952
 824
1,085
 1,188
 953
 860
 955
Number of employees209,000
 139,000
 168,000
 170,000
 170,000
122,000
 121,000
 209,000
 139,000
 168,000
                  
FINANCIAL POSITION                  
Working capital (3)$(301) $278
 $464
 $499
 $1,816
Working capital (as defined) (3)$1,714
 $1,608
 $369
 $550
 $989
Total assets63,253
 29,622
 32,812
 31,670
 31,041
48,797
 51,884
 63,179
 29,590
 32,777
Long-term debt14,606
 5,745
 6,357
 4,560
 5,321
9,654
 11,964
 11,053
 5,367
 5,887
Total debt16,353
 6,610
 6,680
 5,498
 6,068
10,995
 13,572
 12,759
 6,208
 6,100
Shareholders' equity attributable to Johnson Controls24,118
 10,335
 11,270
 12,273
 11,584
21,164
 20,447
 24,118
 10,335
 11,270
Total debt to capitalization (4)40 % 39% 37% 31% 34%34% 40% 35% 38% 35%
Net book value per share (5)$25.77
 $15.96
 $16.93
 $17.93
 $16.98
$22.88
 $22.03
 $25.77
 $15.96
 $16.93
                  
ORDINARY SHARE INFORMATION                  
Dividends per share$1.16
 $1.04
 $0.88
 $0.76
 $0.72
$1.04
 $1.00
 $1.16
 $1.04
 $0.88
Market prices                  
High$48.97
 $54.52
 $52.50
 $43.49
 $35.95
$42.60
 $46.17
 $48.97
 $54.52
 $52.50
Low30.30
 38.48
 39.42
 24.75
 23.37
32.89
 36.74
 30.30
 38.48
 39.42
Weighted average shares (in millions)                  
Basic667.4
 655.2
 666.9
 683.7
 681.5
925.7
 935.3
 667.4
 655.2
 666.9
Diluted667.4
 661.5
 674.8
 689.2
 688.6
931.7
 944.6
 672.6
 661.5
 674.8
Number of shareholders41,299
 35,425
 36,687
 38,067
 40,019
37,836
 40,260
 41,299
 35,425
 36,687
 
(1)Segment earnings before interest, taxes and taxes (EBIT)amortization ("EBITA") is calculated as income from continuing operations before income taxes and noncontrolling interests, excluding general corporate expenses, intangible asset amortization, net financing charges, significant restructuring and impairment costs, and net mark-to-market adjustments onrelated to pension and postretirement plans. Refer to Note 19, “Segment Information,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for a reconciliation of segment EBITA to income from continuing operations before income taxes.

(2)Return on average shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls (ROE) represents income from continuing operations attributable to Johnson Controls divided by average shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls.


(3)Working capital is defined as current assets less current liabilities, excluding cash, cash in escrow related to Adient debt, short-term debt, the current portion of long-term debt, and the current portionportions of assets and liabilities held for sale.


(4)Total debt to total capitalization represents total debt divided by the sum of total debt and shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls.

(5)Net book value per share represents shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls divided by the number of common shares outstanding at the end of the period.

(6)Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Johnson Controls includes $620$263 million, $397$367 million, $324$288 million, $903$215 million and $271$165 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs in fiscal year 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 2014, 2013 and 2012,2014, respectively. It also includes $503$(10) million, $422$(420) million, $237$393 million, $(407)$416 million and $494$187 million of net mark-to-market charges (gains) on pension and postretirement plans in fiscal year 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 2014, 2013 and 2012,2014, respectively. The preceding amounts are stated on a pre-tax basis.


ITEM 7MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

General

The Company operates in threetwo primary businesses: Buildings, Automotive ExperienceBuilding Technologies & Solutions and Power Solutions. BuildingsBuilding Technologies & Solutions provides facility systems and services including comfort and energy management for the residential and non-residential buildings markets, security products and services, and fire detection and suppression products and services, and life safety products. Automotive Experience designs and manufactures interior products and systems for passenger cars and light trucks, including vans, pick-up trucks and sport/crossover utility vehicles.services. Power Solutions designs and manufactures automotive batteries for the replacement and original equipment markets.

This discussion summarizes the significant factors affecting the consolidated operating results, financial condition and liquidity of the Company for the three-year period ended September 30, 2016.2018. This discussion should be read in conjunction with Item 8, the consolidated financial statements and the notes to consolidated financial statements.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company changed its accounting policy for accruing for defense costs related to asbestos claims on a discounted basis. The Company’s historical accounting treatment for asbestos claim defense costs was to accrue as incurred. The new policy is to record an accrual for all future asbestos related defense costs which are determined to be probable and estimable of being incurred. The Company believes this new policy is preferable as it better reflects the economics of settlement of the Company's asbestos claims, improves comparability among the Company’s peer group and provides greater transparency to on-going operating results. These changes have been reported through retrospective application of the new policy to all periods presented. These changes did not have an impact to any period presented on the consolidated statements of income. Refer to Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information regarding this accounting policy change.

Subsequent Event

On July 24, 2015, the Company announced its intent to pursue a separation of the Automotive Experience business through a spin-off to shareholders. The spin-off was completed on October 31, 2016. The new publicly traded company is named Adient plc.

FISCAL YEAR 20162018 COMPARED TO FISCAL YEAR 20152017

Net Sales
Year Ended
September 30,
  
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2016 2015 Change2018 2017 Change
Net sales$37,674
 $37,179
 1%$31,400
 $30,172
 4%

The increase in consolidated net sales was due to higher sales in the BuildingsBuilding Technologies & Solutions business ($3,8371,004 million), the favorable impact of foreign currency translation ($512 million) and higher sales in the Power Solutions business ($243467 million), partially offset by lower sales due to business divestitures ($755 million). The increased sales in the Automotive ExperienceBuilding Technologies & Solutions business, ($2,831 million)net of divestitures, primarily related to higher volumes across all segments. Increased sales in the Power Solutions business primarily resulted from the impact of higher lead costs on pricing as well as favorable pricing and product mix. Excluding the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation, ($754 million). Excluding the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation,

lead costs on pricing and business divestitures, consolidated net sales also increased 3%4% as compared to the prior year. Increased sales resulted from the Johnson Controls - Hitachi (JCH) joint venture and the Tyco merger, as well as higher volumes in the Buildings Systems and Service North America segment in the Buildings business, higher Automotive Experience volumes globally, and higher global battery shipments and favorable product mix in the Power Solutions business, partially offset by the deconsolidation of the majority of the Automotive Experience Interiors business in the prior year. Refer to the segment analysis below within Item 7 for a discussion of net sales by segment.

Cost of Sales / Gross Profit
Year Ended
September 30,
  
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2016 2015 Change2018 2017 Change
Cost of sales$30,360
 $30,732
 -1 %$22,020
 $20,833
 6%
Gross profit7,314
 6,447
 13 %9,380
 9,339
 %
% of sales19.4% 17.3%  29.9% 31.0%  

Cost of sales decreasedincreased in fiscal 20162018 as compared to fiscal 2015, with2017, and gross profit as a percentage of sales increasingdecreased by 210110 basis points. Foreign currency translation had a favorable impact on cost of sales of approximately $635 million. Gross profit in the BuildingsBuilding Technologies & Solutions business included the incremental gross profit relatedincreased due to the JCH joint venture and Tyco merger,prior year nonrecurring purchase accounting adjustments ($68 million), and higher volumes in the Buildings Systems and Service North America segment. Gross profit in the Automotive Experience business was favorably impacted by higher volumes globally, restructuring savings and operational efficiencies,favorable mix across all segments, partially offset by unfavorable commercial settlementsbusiness divestitures and unfavorable mix.higher operating costs. Gross profit in the Power Solutions business was favorably impacted by higher volumes, andoperating costs primarily driven by efforts to satisfy customer demand, partially offset by favorable pricing and product mix, partially offset by higher operating costs.mix. Net mark-to-market adjustments on

pension and postretirement plans had a net favorable year over yearunfavorable year-over-year impact on cost of sales of $43$88 million ($11316 million charge in fiscal 20162018 compared to a $156$72 million chargegain in fiscal 2015)2017) primarily due to the unfavorable U.S. investment returns versus expectations and the adoption of new mortality rate changes in the U.S. in the prior year, partially offset by a decrease in year-over-year discount rates.U.S. investment returns. Foreign currency translation had an unfavorable impact on cost of sales of approximately $383 million. Refer to the segment analysis below within Item 7 for a discussion of segment earnings before interest, taxes and taxes (EBIT)amortization ("EBITA") by segment.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Year Ended
September 30,
  
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2016 2015 Change2018 2017 Change
Selling, general and administrative expenses$5,325
 $3,986
 34%$6,010
 $6,158
 -2 %
% of sales14.1% 10.7%  19.1% 20.4%  

Selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A) increased("SG&A") decreased by $1,339$148 million year over year, and SG&A as a percentage of sales increaseddecreased by 340130 basis points. The decrease in SG&A was primarily due to productivity savings and costs synergies, business divestitures and a gain on sale of the Scott Safety business in the Building Technologies & Solutions Global Products segment ($114 million). The net favorable year-over-year impact on SG&A resulting from transaction and integration costs was $177 million. Foreign currency translation had an unfavorable impact on SG&A of $78 million. The net mark-to-market adjustments on pension and postretirement plans had a net unfavorable year over yearyear-over-year impact on SG&A of $124$322 million ($39026 million chargegain in fiscal 20162018 compared to a $266$348 million chargegain in fiscal 2015)2017) primarily due to a decrease in year-over-year discount rates, partially offset by the unfavorable U.S. investment returns versus expectations and the adoption of new mortality rate changes in the U.S. in the prior year. Additionally, the net unfavorable impact on SG&A resulting from separation costs was $442 million (recorded in the Automotive Experience segment), and transaction and integration costs was $130 million (recorded in the Buildings segments). Excluding the impact of separation costs, the Automotive Experience business SG&A decreased due to the deconsolidation of the majority of the Automotive Experience Interiors business in the prior year, restructuring savings and cost reduction initiatives. Excluding the impact of transaction and integrations costs, the Buildings business SG&A increased primarily due to incremental SG&A related to the JCH joint venture and Tyco merger, and product and sales force investments in North America. The Power Solutions business SG&A decreased primarily due to lower employee related expenses and cost reduction initiatives. Foreign currency translation had a favorable impact on SG&A of $69 million.returns. Refer to the segment analysis below within Item 7 for a discussion of segment EBITEBITA by segment.


Restructuring and Impairment Costs
Year Ended
September 30,
  
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2016 2015 Change2018 2017 Change
Restructuring and impairment costs$620
 $397
 56%$263
 $367
 -28 %

Refer to Note 16, "Significant Restructuring and Impairment Costs," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further disclosure related to the Company's restructuring plans.

Net Financing Charges
Year Ended
September 30,
  
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2016 2015 Change2018 2017 Change
Net financing charges$314
 $288
 9%$441
 $496
 -11 %

Net financing charges increased in fiscal 2016 as comparedRefer to fiscal 2015 primarily dueNote 9, "Debt and Financing Arrangements," of the notes to higher average borrowing levels; in part dueconsolidated financial statements for further disclosure related to the acquisition of debt as a result of the Tyco merger as well as new debt incurred in fiscal 2016 in advance of the spin-off of the Automotive Experience business in the first quarter of fiscal 2017.Company's net financing charges.

Equity Income
Year Ended
September 30,
  
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2016 2015 Change2018 2017 Change
Equity income$531
 $375
 42%$235
 $240
 -2 %

The increasedecrease in equity income was primarily due to current yearlower income related toat partially-owned affiliates of the JCH joint venture in the BuildingsPower Solutions business, current year income related to the Automotive Experience Interiors joint venture formed on July 2, 2015 andpartially offset by higher income at certain Automotive Experience Seating partially-owned affiliates partially offset byin the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($13 million).Building Technologies & Solutions business. Refer to the segment analysis below within Item 7 for a discussion of segment EBITEBITA by segment.


Income Tax Provision
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2016 2015 Change
Income tax provision$2,238
 $600
 *
Effective tax rate141% 28%  

* Measure not meaningful
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2018 2017 Change
Income tax provision$518
 $705
 -27 %
Effective tax rate18% 28%  

The U.S. federal statutory tax rate in Ireland is being used as a comparison since the Company was a U.S.is domiciled company in fiscal 2015 and for11 months of 2016.Ireland. The effective rate is above the U.S. statutory rate of 12.5% for fiscal 20162018 primarily due to the discrete net impacts of U.S. Tax Reform, final income tax consequences surrounding the planned spin-offeffects of the Automotive Experience business and related expenses, the jurisdictional mix of restructuring and impairment costs, and the tax impactscompleted divestiture of the mergerScott Safety business, legal entity restructuring associated with the Power Solutions business, valuation allowance adjustments and integration related costs,tax rate differentials, partially offset by the benefits of continuing global tax planning initiatives, tax audit closures and foreign tax rate differentials.benefits due to changes in entity tax status. The effective rate is belowabove the U.S. statutory rate of 12.5% for fiscal 20152017 primarily due to the establishment of a deferred tax liability on the outside basis difference of the Company's investment in certain subsidiaries related to the divestiture of the Scott Safety business, the income tax effects of pension mark-to-market gains and tax rate differentials, partially offset by the jurisdictional mix of significant restructuring and impairment costs, Tyco Merger transaction and integration costs, purchase accounting adjustments, tax audit closures, a tax benefit due to changes in entity tax status and the benefits of continuing global tax planning initiatives, income in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions with a tax rate lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate and adjustments due to tax audit resolutions, partially offset by the tax consequences of business divestitures, and significant restructuring and impairment costs.initiatives. The fiscal 20162018 effective tax rate increaseddecreased as compared to the fiscal 20152017 effective tax rate primarily due to thediscrete tax effects of transactions predominantly due to the planned spin-off ($1,795 million),items and the tax effects of restructuring and impairment costs ($74 million), partially offset by tax planning initiatives ($151 million).initiatives. The fiscal year 20162018 and 20152017 global tax planning initiatives related primarily to foreign tax credit planning, changes in entity tax status, global financing structures and alignment of ourthe Company's global business functions in a tax efficient manner. Refer to Note 18, "Income Taxes," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further details.

Valuation Allowances

The Company reviews the realizability of its deferred tax asset valuation allowances on a quarterly basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a review is required. In determining the requirement for a valuation allowance, the historical and projected financial results of the legal entity or consolidated group recording the net deferred tax asset are considered, along with any other positive or negative evidence. Since future financial results may differ from previous estimates, periodic adjustments to the Company’s valuation allowances may be necessary.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016,2018, the Company performed an analysis related to the realizability of its worldwide deferred tax assets. As a result, and after considering feasible tax planning initiatives and other positive and negative evidence, the Company determined that no other material changes were needed to itsit was more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets primarily within Germany would not be realized. Therefore, the Company recorded $56 million of valuation allowances.  Therefore, there was no impact toallowances as income tax expense due to valuation allowance changes in the three month period or year ended September 30, 2016.2018.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015,2017, the Company performed an analysis related to the realizability of its worldwide deferred tax assets. As a result, and after considering tax planning initiatives and other positive and negative evidence, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets primarily within Spain, Germany,in Canada, China and the United KingdomMexico would not be able to be realized, and it was more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets of Poland andin Germany would be realized. The impactTherefore, the Company recorded $27 million of the net valuation allowance provision offset the benefit of valuation allowance releases and,allowances as such, there was no net impact to income tax expense in the three month period or year ended September 30, 2015.2017.

Uncertain Tax Positions

The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreignnon-U.S. jurisdictions. Judgment is required in determining its worldwide provision for income taxes and recording the related assets and liabilities. In the ordinary course of the Company’s business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Company is regularly under audit by tax authorities.

During fiscal 2015,2018, the Company settled tax examinations impacting fiscal years 2010 to fiscal 2012 which resulted in a $25 million net benefit to income tax expense.

During fiscal 2017, the Company settled a significant number of tax examinations in Germany, Mexico and the U.S., impacting fiscal years 19982006 to fiscal 2012. The settlement of unrecognized tax benefits included cash payments for approximately $440 million and the loss of various tax attributes. The reduction for tax positions of prior years is substantially related to foreign exchange rates.2014. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015,2017, income tax audit resolutions resulted in a net $99$191 million benefit to income tax expense.

The Company’s federal income tax returns and certain non-U.S. income tax returns for various fiscal years remain under various stages of audit by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS")IRS and respective non-U.S. tax authorities. Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain,

management believes that it has appropriate support for the positions taken on its tax returns and that its annual tax provisions included amounts sufficient to pay assessments, if any, which may be proposed by the taxing authorities. At September 30, 2016,2018, the Company had recorded a liability for its best estimate of the probable loss on certain of its tax positions, the majority of which is included in other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position. Nonetheless, the amounts ultimately paid, if any, upon resolution of the issues raised by the taxing authorities may differ materially from the amounts accrued for each year.

Other Tax Matters

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company recorded a tax benefit of $139 million due to changes in entity tax status.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company recorded a tax charge of $129 million due to legal entity restructuring associated with the Power Solutions business.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company completed the sale of its Scott Safety business to 3M Company. In connection with the sale, the Company recorded a pre-tax gain of $114 million and income tax expense of $30 million. In addition, during fiscal 2017, the Company recorded a discrete non-cash tax charge of $490 million related to establishment of a deferred tax liability on the outside basis difference of the Company's investment in certain subsidiaries of the Scott Safety business. Refer to Note 3, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," and Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information.

During fiscal 20162018 and 2015,2017, the Company recorded transaction and integration costs of $234 million and $428 million, respectively. These costs generated tax benefits of $27 million and $69 million, respectively, which reflects the Company’s current tax position in these jurisdictions.

During fiscal 2018 and 2017, the Company incurred significant charges for restructuring and impairment costs.costs of $263 million and $367 million, respectively. Refer to Note 16, "Significant Restructuring and Impairment Costs," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information. A substantial portionThese costs generated tax benefits of these charges cannot be benefited for tax purposes due to$38 million and $63 million, respectively, which reflects the Company'sCompany’s current tax position in these jurisdictions and the underlying tax basis in the impaired assets, resulting in $126 million and $52 million incremental tax expense in fiscal 2016 and 2015, respectively.jurisdictions.

During fiscal 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded pension mark-to-market gains of $10 million and $420 million, respectively. These gains generated tax expense (benefit) of $(3) million and $126 million, respectively, which reflects the Company’s current tax position in these jurisdictions.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016,2017, the Company completed its merger with Tyco. Asrecorded a resulttax charge of that transaction,$53 million due to a change in the Company incurred incrementaldeferred tax expenseliability related to the outside basis of $137 million. certain nonconsolidated subsidiaries.

In preparation for the spin-off of the Automotive Experience business in the first quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company incurred incrementalrecorded a discrete tax expensebenefit of $121$101 million in fiscal 2016. The Company also completed substantial business reorganizations which resulted in total tax charges of $1,891 million in fiscal 2016. Included in this amount is the tax charge provided for in the third quarter of fiscal 2016 of $85 million fordue to changes in entity tax status and the charge provided for in the second quarter of fiscal 2016 of $780 million for income tax expense on foreign undistributed earnings of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries.


In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company completed its global automotive interiors joint venture with Yanfeng Automotive Trim Systems. Refer to Note 3, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information. In connection with the divestiture of the Interiors business, the Company recorded a pre-tax gain on divestiture of $145 million, $38 million net of tax. The tax impact of the gain is due to the jurisdictional mix of gains and losses on the divestiture, which resulted in non-benefited expenses in certain countries and taxable gains in other countries. In addition, in the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2015, the Company provided income tax expense for repatriation of cash and other tax reserves associated with the Automotive Experience Interiors joint venture transaction, which resulted in a tax charge of $75 million and $223 million, respectively.status.

Impacts of Tax Legislation and Change in Statutory Tax Rates

AfterOn December 22, 2017, the fourth quarter“Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (H.R. 1) was enacted and significantly revises U.S. corporate income tax by, among other things, lowering corporate income tax rates, imposing a one-time transition tax on deemed repatriated earnings of fiscal 2016, on October 13, 2016, the U.S. Treasurynon-U.S. subsidiaries, and the IRS released finalimplementing a territorial tax system and temporary Section 385 regulations. These regulations address whether certain instruments between related parties are treated as debt or equity. The Company does not expect that the regulations will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.various base erosion minimum tax provisions.

The "look-through rule," under subpart FIn connection with the Company’s analysis of the impact of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, expired for the Company on September 30, 2015. The "look-through rule" had provided an exceptiontax law changes, which is provisional and subject to the U.S. taxation of certain income generated by foreign subsidiaries. The rule was extended in December 2015 retroactive to the beginning of the Company’s 2016 fiscal year. The retroactive extension was signed into legislation and was made permanent through the Company's 2020 fiscal year.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2015, tax legislation was adopted in Japan which reduced its statutory income tax rate. As a result of the law change, the Company recorded incomea net tax expensecharge of $17$108 million during fiscal 2018. This provisional net tax charge arises from a benefit of $108 million due to the remeasurement of U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities, offset by the Company’s tax charge relating to the one-time transition tax on deemed repatriated earnings, inclusive of all relevant taxes, of $216 million. The Company’s estimated benefit of the remeasurement of U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities increased from $101 million as of December 31, 2017 to $108 million as of September 30, 2018 due to calculation refinement of the Company’s estimated impact. The Company remeasured certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the second quarterfuture. The Company’s tax charge for transition tax decreased from $305 million as of fiscal 2015.December 31, 2017 to $216 million as of September 30, 2018 due to further analysis of the Company’s post-1986 non-U.S. earnings and profits (“E&P”) previously deferred from U.S. federal taxation and refinement of the estimated impact of tax law changes.

Based on the effective dates of certain aspects of the U.S. tax law changes, various applicable impacts of the enacted legislation could not be finalized as of September 30, 2018. While the Company made reasonable estimates of the impact of the transition tax, the final impact of the U.S. tax law changes may differ from these estimated impacts, due to, future treasury regulations, tax

law technical corrections, notices, rulings, refined computations, and other items. The Company will finalize such provisional amounts within the time period prescribed by Staff Accounting Bulletin 118.

During the fiscal years ended 20162018 and 2015,2017, other tax legislation was adopted in various jurisdictions. These law changes did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

IncomeLoss From Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax
Year Ended
September 30,
 
Year Ended
September 30,
 
(in millions)2016 2015 Change2018 2017 Change
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax$
 $128
 *
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax$
 $(34) *

* Measure not meaningful

Refer to Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information.

Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
Year Ended
September 30,
  
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2016 2015 Change2018 2017 Change
Income from continuing operations attributable
to noncontrolling interests
$216
 $112
 93%$221
 $199
 11%
Income from discontinued operations attributable
to noncontrolling interests

 4
 *

 9
 *
* Measure not meaningful

The increase in income from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests for fiscal 2016 was primarily due to current yearhigher net income related to the JCHJohnson Controls - Hitachi joint venture in the Buildings business.Building Technologies & Solutions business and higher net income at a Power Solutions partially-owned affiliate.

Refer to Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company's discontinued operations.



Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Johnson Controls
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2016 2015 Change
Net income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls$(868) $1,563
 *
* Measure not meaningful
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2018 2017 Change
Net income attributable to Johnson Controls$2,162
 $1,611
 34%

The decreaseincrease in net income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls was primarily due to an increase in thelower income tax provision higher SG&A primarily due to higher separation and transaction costsdiscrete period net tax charges in the currentprior year, and current yearlower SG&A, lower restructuring and impairment costs, partially offset bylower net financing charges and higher gross profit. Fiscal 20162018 diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Johnson Controls was ($1.30)$2.32 compared to $2.36$1.71 in fiscal 2015.2017.



Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Johnson Controls
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2016 2015 Change
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to
   Johnson Controls
$(964) $743
 *
* Measure not meaningful
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2018 2017 Change
Comprehensive income attributable to
   Johnson Controls
$1,689
 $1,710
 -1 %

The decrease in comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls was due to lower neta decrease in other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls ($2,431572 million), resulting primarily from unfavorable foreign currency translation adjustments, partially offset by a decrease in other comprehensive losshigher net income attributable to Johnson Controls ($724551 million) primarily related to favorable foreign currency translation adjustments.. These year-over-year favorableunfavorable foreign currency translation adjustments were primarily driven by the weakening of the Brazilian real, Canadian dollar, Colombian peso,British pound and euro and Japanese currencies against the U.S. dollar in the prior year.dollar.

SEGMENT ANALYSIS

Management evaluates the performance of its business units based primarily on segment EBIT, which is defined as income from continuing operations before income taxes and noncontrolling interests excluding net financing charges, significant restructuring and impairment costs, and net mark-to-market adjustments on pension and postretirement plans.

BuildingsNet Income Attributable to Johnson Controls
 
Net Sales
for the Year Ended
September 30,
   
Segment EBIT
for the Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2016 2015 Change 2016 2015 Change
Building Efficiency           
     Systems and Service North America$4,292
 $4,184
 3 % $412
 $375
 10 %
     Products North America2,488
 2,450
 2 % 173
 306
 -43 %
     Asia4,830
 1,985
 *
 431
 191
 *
     Rest of World1,766
 1,891
 -7 % 20
 51
 -61 %
 13,376
 10,510
 27 % 1,036
 923
 12 %
Tyco808
 
 *
 (17) 
 *
 $14,184
 $10,510
 35 % $1,019
 $923
 10 %
* Measure not meaningful

Net Sales:
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2018 2017 Change
Net income attributable to Johnson Controls$2,162
 $1,611
 34%

The increase in Systems and Service North Americanet income attributable to Johnson Controls was primarily due to lower income tax provision due to higher volumes of controls systemsdiscrete period net tax charges in the prior year, lower SG&A, lower restructuring and service ($183 million), partially offset byimpairment costs, lower volumes related to business divestitures ($52 million)net financing charges and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($23 million). The increase in volumes was primarilyhigher gross profit. Fiscal 2018 diluted earnings per share attributable to market share gains.Johnson Controls was $2.32 compared to $1.71 in fiscal 2017.



The increase in Products North America was dueComprehensive Income Attributable to higher volumes ($49 million), partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($11 million). The increase in volumes was primarily driven by new product offerings.Johnson Controls

The increase in Asia was due to incremental sales related to the JCH joint venture ($2,808 million), higher service volumes ($56 million), and higher volumes of equipment and control systems ($30 million), partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($49 million). The increase in volume was driven by favorable local economic conditions.
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2018 2017 Change
Comprehensive income attributable to
   Johnson Controls
$1,689
 $1,710
 -1 %

The decrease in Rest of Worldcomprehensive income attributable to Johnson Controls was due to thea decrease in other comprehensive income attributable to Johnson Controls ($572 million) resulting primarily from unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($80 million) and lower volumes in Latin America ($22 million), Europe ($16 million) and the Middle East ($14 million), partially offset by incremental sales related to a business acquisition ($7 million). The net decrease in volumes was primarily attributable to unfavorable local market conditions and the discontinuance of certain products.

The increase in Tyco was due to incremental sales related to the Tyco Merger ($808 million).

Segment EBIT:

The increase in Systems and Service North America was due to lower selling, general and administrative expenses ($63 million) as a result of restructuring actions and other cost reduction initiatives and a current year gain on business divestiture net of a prior year gain on business divestitures, higher volumes ($42 million), and prior year transaction and integration costs ($4 million), partially offset by current year transaction costs ($53 million), unfavorable margin rates ($8 million), lower income due to a prior year business divestiture ($5 million), the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($4 million) and a pension settlement loss ($2 million).

The decrease in Products North America was due to higher selling, general and administrative expenses ($118 million)due to global product and related sales force investments and a prior year gain on business divestitures, current year transaction costs ($30 million), unfavorable margin rates ($6 million), a pension settlement loss ($3 million) and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($1 million),adjustments, partially offset by higher volumesnet income attributable to Johnson Controls ($16551 million), prior year transaction and integration costs ($8 million), and higher equity income ($1 million).

The increase in Asia was due primarily to incremental operating income related to the JCH joint venture exclusive of global investments in related products and technologies ($293 million), higher volumes ($29 million), prior year transaction and integration costs ($24 million), and lower selling, general and administrative expenses ($2 million), partially offset by current year transaction and integration costs ($87 million), These year-over-year unfavorable margin rates ($12 million) and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($9 million).

The decrease in Rest of World was due to current year transaction costs ($21 million), lower volumes ($13 million), higher selling, general and administrative expenses ($5 million), unfavorable margin rates ($3 million), lower equity income ($3 million) andadjustments were primarily driven by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($3 million), partially offset by a gain on business divestiture ($12 million), a gain on acquisition of a partially-owned affiliate ($4 million) and prior year transaction costs ($1 million).

The Tyco loss was due to the impact of nonrecurring purchasing accounting adjustments ($74 million) and current year transaction costs ($29 million), partially offset by incremental operating income for the period subsequent to the Merger ($86 million).


Automotive Experience
 
Net Sales
for the Year Ended
September 30,
   
Segment EBIT
for the Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2016 2015 Change 2016 2015 Change
Seating$16,355
 $16,539
 -1 % $676
 $928
 -27 %
Interiors482
 3,540
 -86 % 75
 254
 -70 %
 $16,837
 $20,079
 -16 % $751
 $1,182
 -36 %

Net Sales:

The decrease in Seating was due to the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($402 million), and net unfavorable pricing and commercial settlements ($142 million), partially offset by higher volumes ($341 million) and incremental sales related to a prior year business acquisition ($19 million). The higher volumes were attributable to growth in Asia and Europe, partially offset by softness in the Americas due to changes in automotive production levels and expiring programs in North America.

The decrease in Interiors was due to the deconsolidationweakening of the majority ofBritish pound and euro currencies against the Interiors business in the prior year ($2,954 million), lower volumes primarily due to plant wind downs ($87 million), the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($9 million), and net unfavorable pricing and commercial settlements ($8 million).

Segment EBIT:

The decrease in Seating was due to current year separation costs related to the Automotive Experience spin-off ($458 million), net unfavorable pricing and commercial settlements ($33 million), unfavorable mix due to lower volumes at higher margin platforms ($26 million), the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($16 million), a prior year gain on a business divestiture ($10 million) and a pension settlement loss ($5 million), partially offset by lower operating costs as a result of restructuring actions and operational efficiencies ($74 million), lower selling, general and administrative expenses as a result of a favorable legal settlement and cost reduction initiatives ($54 million), lower purchasing costs resulting from supplier price concessions ($46 million), higher equity income ($37 million), higher volumes ($35 million), lower engineering expenses ($32 million), prior year separation costs ($16 million) and incremental operating income related to a business acquisition ($2 million).

The decrease in Interiors was due to a prior year net gain on a business divestiture ($145 million), the impact of the July 2, 2015 joint venture transaction and related prior year held for sale depreciation impact ($109 million), lower volumes ($12 million), net unfavorable pricing and commercial settlements ($7 million), current year integration costs ($1 million) and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($1 million), partially offset by prior year transaction and integration costs ($38 million), favorable settlements related to prior year business divestitures ($22 million), lower selling, general and administrative expenses as a result of cost reduction initiatives ($21 million), lower operating costs ($10 million) and higher equity income ($5 million).U.S. dollar.

Power Solutions
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2016 2015 Change
Net sales$6,653
 $6,590
 1%
Segment EBIT1,253
 1,153
 9%

Net sales increased due to higher sales volumes ($246 million), and favorable pricing and product mix ($105 million), partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($180 million) and the impact of lower lead costs on pricing ($108 million). The increase in volumes was primarily driven by start-stop battery volumes and growth in China. Additionally, higher start-stop volumes contributed to favorable product mix.

Segment EBIT increased due to higher volumes ($77 million), favorable pricing and product mix ($55 million), and lower selling, general and administrative expenses due to lower employee related expenses and cost reduction initiatives ($55 million), partially offset by higher operating costs primarily driven by efforts to increase supply to satisfy growing customer

demand and launch new capacity in China ($48 million), the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($29 million), restructuring and impairment costs included in equity income ($7 million), a pension settlement loss ($1 million), transaction costs ($1 million) and lower equity income ($1 million).

FISCAL YEAR 2015 COMPARED TO FISCAL YEAR 2014

Net Sales
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2015 2014 Change
Net sales$37,179
 $38,749
 -4 %

The decrease in consolidated net sales was due to the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($2.5 billion) and lower sales in the Automotive Experience business ($344 million), partially offset by higher sales in the Building Efficiency business ($839 million) and Power Solutions business ($408 million). Excluding the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation, consolidated net sales increased 2% as compared to the prior year. The favorable impacts of higher Automotive Experience volumes globally, incremental sales related to the prior year acquisition of ADTi in the Building Efficiency business, higher Building Efficiency volumes in North America and the Middle East markets, and higher global battery shipments and favorable product mix in the Power Solutions business, were partially offset by the deconsolidation of the majority of the Automotive Experience Interiors business on July 2, 2015. The incremental sales related to business acquisitions were $751 million across the Building Efficiency and Automotive Experience segments. Refer to the segment analysis below within Item 7 for a discussion of net sales by segment.

Cost of Sales / Gross Profit
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2015 2014 Change
Cost of sales$30,732
 $32,444
 -5 %
Gross profit6,447
 6,305
 2 %
% of sales17.3% 16.3%  

The decrease in cost of sales year over year corresponds to the sales decrease described above. Foreign currency translation had a favorable impact on cost of sales of approximately $2.2 billion. Gross profit in the Building Efficiency business was favorably impacted by incremental gross profit related to the ADTi acquisition, favorable margin rates, prior year contract related charges in the Middle East and higher market demand in North America. Gross profit in the Power Solutions business was favorably impacted by higher volumes and lower operating costs. Gross profit in the Automotive Experience business was favorably impacted by higher volumes globally, lower purchasing costs and favorable commercial settlements, partially offset by higher operating costs and unfavorable mix. Net mark-to-market adjustments on pension and postretirement plans had a net unfavorable year over year impact on cost of sales of $113 million ($156 million charge in fiscal 2015 compared to a $43 million charge in fiscal 2014) primarily due to unfavorable U.S. investment returns versus expectations and the adoption of new mortality rate changes in the U.S. in the current year. Refer to the segment analysis below within Item 7 for a discussion of segment EBIT by segment.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2015 2014 Change
Selling, general and administrative expenses$3,986
 $4,216
 -5 %
% of sales10.7% 10.9%  
Selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A) decreased by $230 million year over year, and SG&A as a percentage of sales decreased 20 basis points. Net mark-to-market adjustments on pension and postretirement plans had a net unfavorable year over year impact on SG&A of $72 million ($266 million charge in fiscal 2015 compared to a $194 million charge in fiscal 2014) primarily due to unfavorable U.S. investment returns versus expectations and the adoption of new mortality rate changes in the U.S. in the current year. The Automotive Experience business SG&A decreased primarily due to gains on business divestitures, a prior year net loss on business divestitures, lower engineering expenses and lower employee related costs, partially offset by

transaction, integration and separation costs. The Building Efficiency business SG&A increased primarily due to incremental SG&A related to the prior year acquisition of ADTi, current year transaction and integration costs, and higher investments. The Power Solutions business SG&A increased primarily due to higher employee related expenses. Foreign currency translation had a favorable impact on SG&A of $189 million. Refer to the segment analysis below within Item 7 for a discussion of segment EBIT by segment.

Restructuring and Impairment Costs
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2015 2014 Change
Restructuring and impairment costs$397
 $324
 23%
Refer to Note 16, "Significant Restructuring and Impairment Costs," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further disclosure related to the Company's restructuring plans.

Net Financing Charges
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2015 2014 Change
Net financing charges$288
 $244
 18%

Net financing charges increased in fiscal 2015 as compared to fiscal 2014 primarily due to higher average borrowing levels related to the acquisition of ADTi and the share repurchase program.

Equity Income
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2015 2014 Change
Equity income$375
 $395
 -5 %

The decrease in equity income was primarily due to prior year gains on acquisitions of partially-owned affiliates in the Power Solutions business ($19 million) and Building Efficiency business ($19 million), partially offset by higher current year income at certain Automotive Experience partially-owned affiliates. Refer to the segment analysis below within Item 7 for a discussion of segment EBIT by segment.

Income Tax Provision
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2015 2014 Change
Income tax provision$600
 $407
 47%
Effective tax rate28% 21%  

The effective rate is below the U.S. statutory rate for fiscal 2015 primarily due to the benefits of continuing global tax planning initiatives, income in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions with a tax rate lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate and adjustments due to tax audit resolutions, partially offset by the tax consequences of business divestitures, and significant restructuring and impairment costs. The effective rate is below the U.S. statutory rate for fiscal 2014 primarily due to the benefits of continuing global tax planning initiatives and income in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions with a tax rate lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate partially offset by the tax consequences of business divestitures, significant restructuring and impairment costs, and valuation allowance adjustments. The fiscal 2015 effective tax rate increased as compared to the fiscal 2014 effective tax rate primarily due to the tax effects of business divestitures ($283 million), partially offset by reserve and valuation allowance adjustments ($133 million). The fiscal year 2015 and 2014 global tax planning initiatives related primarily to foreign tax credit planning, global financing structures and alignment of our global business functions in a tax efficient manner. Refer to Note 18, "Income Taxes," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further details.

Valuation Allowances

The Company reviews the realizability of its deferred tax asset valuation allowances on a quarterly basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a review is required. In determining the requirement for a valuation allowance, the historical and projected financial results of the legal entity or consolidated group recording the net deferred tax asset are considered, along with any other positive or negative evidence. Since future financial results may differ from previous estimates, periodic adjustments to the Company’s valuation allowances may be necessary.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company performed an analysis related to the realizability of its worldwide deferred tax assets. As a result, and after considering tax planning initiatives and other positive and negative evidence, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets primarily within Spain, Germany and the United Kingdom would not be realized and it is more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets of Poland and Germany will be realized. The impact of the net valuation allowance provision offset the benefit of valuation allowance releases and, as such, there was no net impact to income tax expense in the three month period ended September 30, 2015.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company performed an analysis related to the realizability of its worldwide deferred tax assets. As a result, and after considering tax planning initiatives and other positive and negative evidence, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that deferred tax assets within Italy would not be realized. Therefore, the Company recorded $34 million of net valuation allowances as income tax expense in the three month period ended September 30, 2014.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that the deferred tax asset associated with a capital loss in Mexico would not be utilized. Therefore, the Company recorded a $21 million valuation allowance as income tax expense.

Uncertain Tax Positions

The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Judgment is required in determining its worldwide provision for income taxes and recording the related assets and liabilities. In the ordinary course of the Company’s business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Company is regularly under audit by tax authorities.

During fiscal 2015, the Company settled a significant number of tax examinations in Germany, Mexico and the U.S., impacting fiscal years 1998 to fiscal 2012. The settlement of unrecognized tax benefits included cash payments for approximately $440 million and the loss of various tax attributes. The reduction for tax positions of prior years is substantially related to foreign exchange rates. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, income tax audit resolutions resulted in a net $99 million benefit to income tax expense.

The Company’s federal income tax returns and certain non-U.S. income tax returns for various fiscal years remain under various stages of audit by the IRS and respective non-U.S. tax authorities. Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, management believes that it has appropriate support for the positions taken on its tax returns and that its annual tax provisions included amounts sufficient to pay assessments, if any, which may be proposed by the taxing authorities. At September 30, 2015, the Company had recorded a liability for its best estimate of the probable loss on certain of its tax positions, the majority of which is included in other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position. Nonetheless, the amounts ultimately paid, if any, upon resolution of the issues raised by the taxing authorities may differ materially from the amounts accrued for each year.

Other Tax Matters

During fiscal 2015 and 2014, the Company incurred significant charges for restructuring and impairment costs. Refer to Note 16, "Significant Restructuring and Impairment Costs," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information. A substantial portion of these charges cannot be benefited for tax purposes due to our current tax position in these jurisdictions and the underlying tax basis in the impaired assets, resulting in $52 million and $75 million incremental tax expense in fiscal 2015 and 2014, respectively.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company completed its global automotive interiors joint venture with Yanfeng Automotive Trim Systems. Refer to Note 3, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information. In connection with the divestiture of the Interiors business, the Company recorded a pre-tax gain on divestiture of $145 million, $38 million net of tax. The tax impact of the gain is due to the jurisdictional mix of gains and losses on the divestiture, which resulted in non-benefited expenses in certain countries and taxable gains in other countries. In addition, in the third and

fourth quarters of fiscal 2015, the Company provided income tax expense for repatriation of foreign cash and other tax reserves associated with the Automotive Experience Interiors joint venture transaction, which resulted in a tax charge of $75 million and $223 million, respectively.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company recorded a discrete tax benefit of $51 million due to change in entity status.

In the third quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company disposed of its Automotive Experience Interiors headliner and sun visor product lines. Refer to Note 3, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information. As a result, the Company recorded a pre-tax loss on divestiture of $95 million and income tax expense of $38 million. The income tax expense is due to the jurisdictional mix of gains and losses on the sale, which resulted in non-benefited losses in certain countries and taxable gains in other countries.

Impacts of Tax Legislation and Change in Statutory Tax Rates

The "look-through rule," under subpart F of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, expired for the Company on September 30, 2015. The "look-through rule" had provided an exception to the U.S. taxation of certain income generated by foreign subsidiaries. The “look-through rule” previously expired for the Company on September 30, 2014 but was extended retroactively to the beginning of the Company’s 2015 fiscal year.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2015, tax legislation was adopted in Japan which reduced its statutory income tax rate. As a result of the law change, the Company recorded income tax expense of $17 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2015. Tax legislation was also adopted in various other jurisdictions during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015. These law changes did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

As a result of changes to Mexican tax law in the first quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company recorded a benefit to income tax expense of $25 million. Tax legislation was also adopted in various other jurisdictions during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014. These law changes did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Income (Loss) From Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2015 2014 Change
Income (loss) from discontinued operations,
    net of tax
$128
 $(166) *
* Measure not meaningful

Refer to Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information.

Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2015 2014 Change
Income from continuing operations attributable
   to noncontrolling interests
$112
 $105
 7 %
Income from discontinued operations
   attributable to noncontrolling interests
4
 23
 -83 %

The increase in income from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests for fiscal 2015 was primarily due to higher income at a Power Solutions partially-owned affiliate.

Refer to Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company's discontinued operations.


Net Income Attributable to Johnson Controls
Year Ended
September 30,
  
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2015 2014 Change2018 2017 Change
Net income attributable to Johnson Controls$1,563
 $1,215
 29%$2,162
 $1,611
 34%

The increase in net income attributable to Johnson Controls was primarily due to lower income tax provision due to higher income from continuing and discontinued operations, partially offset by an increasediscrete period net tax charges in the income tax provision.prior year, lower SG&A, lower restructuring and impairment costs, lower net financing charges and higher gross profit. Fiscal 20152018 diluted earnings per share attributable to Johnson Controls was $2.36$2.32 compared to $1.80$1.71 in fiscal 2014.2017.



Comprehensive Income Attributable to Johnson Controls
Year Ended
September 30,
  
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2015 2014 Change2018 2017 Change
Comprehensive income attributable to
Johnson Controls
$743
 $560
 33%$1,689
 $1,710
 -1 %

The increasedecrease in comprehensive income attributable to Johnson Controls was due to a decrease in other comprehensive income attributable to Johnson Controls ($572 million) resulting primarily from unfavorable foreign currency translation adjustments, partially offset by higher net income attributable to Johnson Controls ($348551 million), partially offset by an increase in other comprehensive loss attributable to Johnson Controls ($165 million) primarily related to unfavorable foreign currency translation adjustments.. These year-over-year unfavorable foreign currency translation adjustments were primarily driven by the weakening of the Brazilian real, British pound Canadian dollar, Colombian peso and euro currencies against the U.S. dollar.

SEGMENT ANALYSIS

Management evaluates the performance of its business units based primarily on segment EBITA, which is defined as income from continuing operations before income taxes and noncontrolling interests, excluding general corporate expenses, intangible asset amortization, net financing charges, significant restructuring and impairment costs, and net mark-to-market adjustments on pension and postretirement plans.

Building Technologies & Solutions
 
Net Sales
for the Year Ended
September 30,
   
Segment EBITA
for the Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
Building Solutions North America$8,679
 $8,341
 4% $1,109
 $1,039
 7%
Building Solutions EMEA/LA3,696
 3,595
 3% 344
 290
 19%
Building Solutions Asia Pacific2,553
 2,444
 4% 347
 323
 7%
Global Products8,472
 8,455
 % 1,338
 1,179
 13%
 $23,400
 $22,835
 2% $3,138
 $2,831
 11%

Net Sales:

The increase in Building Solutions North America was due to higher volumes ($343 million) and the favorable impact of foreign currency translation ($20 million), partially offset by the impact of prior year nonrecurring purchase accounting adjustments ($25 million). The increase in volumes was primarily attributable to higher HVAC, controls, fire and security sales.

The increase in Building Solutions EMEA/LA was due to the favorable impact of foreign currency translation ($132 million), higher volumes ($63 million) and incremental sales related to a business acquisition ($2 million), partially offset by lower volumes related to a business divestiture ($80 million) and the impact of prior year nonrecurring purchase accounting adjustments ($16 million). The increase in volumes was primarily attributable to strong service growth which was positive across all regions led by Europe and Latin America.

The increase in Building Solutions Asia Pacific was due to higher volumes ($61 million), the favorable impact of foreign currency translation ($61 million) and the impact of prior year nonrecurring purchase accounting adjustments ($1 million), partially offset by lower volumes related to a business divestiture ($14 million). The increase in volumes was primarily attributable to higher service sales.

The increase in Global Products was due to higher volumes ($571 million), the favorable impact of foreign currency translation ($103 million) and the impact of prior year nonrecurring purchase accounting adjustments ($6 million), partially offset by lower volumes related to business divestitures ($663 million). The increase in volumes was primarily attributable to higher building management, HVAC and refrigeration equipment, and specialty products sales.


Segment EBITA:

The increase in Building Solutions North America was due to favorable volumes / mix ($100 million), prior year integration costs ($42 million), prior year transaction costs ($13 million), and the favorable impact of foreign currency translation ($1 million), partially offset by higher SG&A including incremental salesforce investments ($37 million), current year integration costs ($25 million) and prior year nonrecurring purchase accounting adjustments ($24 million).

The increase in Building Solutions EMEA/LA was due to a prior year unfavorable arbitration award ($50 million), favorable volumes / mix ($26 million), lower SG&A ($14 million), the favorable impact of foreign currency translation ($7 million), prior year integration costs ($6 million) and prior year transaction costs ($5 million), partially offset by prior year nonrecurring purchase accounting adjustments ($23 million), incremental salesforce investments ($14 million), current year integration costs ($6 million), higher operating costs ($5 million), lower equity income ($4 million) and lower income due to a business divestiture ($2 million).

The increase in Building Solutions Asia Pacific was due to higher volumes / mix ($33 million), prior year integration costs ($5 million), prior year transaction costs ($2 million), prior year nonrecurring purchase accounting adjustments ($2 million) and the favorable impact of foreign currency translation ($1 million), partially offset by higher SG&A including incremental salesforce investments ($15 million), and unfavorable pricing ($4 million).

The increase in Global Products was due to favorable volumes / mix ($219 million), a gain on sale of Scott Safety ($114 million), prior year nonrecurring purchase accounting adjustments ($71 million), higher equity income ($25 million), prior year integration costs ($25 million), the favorable impact of foreign currency translation ($20 million) and prior year transaction costs ($13 million). These items were partially offset by lower income due to business divestitures ($167 million), higher SG&A and operating expenses including planned incremental global product and channel investments, partially offset by productivity savings and gains on business divestitures ($134 million), and current year integration costs ($27 million).

Power Solutions
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2018 2017 Change
Net sales$8,000
 $7,337
 9 %
Segment EBITA1,417
 1,427
 -1 %

Net sales increased due to the impact of higher lead costs on pricing ($269 million), the favorable impact of foreign currency translation ($196 million), favorable pricing and product mix ($159 million), and higher volumes ($39 million). The increase in volumes was driven by growth in China and an increase in start-stop battery volumes, partially offset by changes in customer demand patterns in North America. Additionally, higher start-stop volumes contributed to favorable product mix.

Segment EBITA decreased due to higher operating costs primarily driven by efforts to satisfy customer demand including higher transportation costs ($112 million), incremental investments ($31 million), lower equity income ($20 million), current year transaction costs ($8 million), and restructuring costs and discontinued operation losses included in equity income ($7 million), partially offset by lower SG&A from productivity savings and a gain on a business deconsolidation ($104 million), favorable pricing and product mix ($35 million), the favorable impact of foreign currency translation ($22 million), higher volumes ($6 million) and prior year transaction costs ($1 million).

FISCAL YEAR 2017 COMPARED TO FISCAL YEAR 2016

Net Sales
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2017 2016 Change
Net sales$30,172
 $20,837
 45%


The increase in consolidated net sales was due to higher sales in the Building Technologies & Solutions business ($8,647 million) and Power Solutions business ($667 million), and the favorable impact of foreign currency translation ($21 million). Increased sales resulted from the Tyco Merger, as well as higher volumes in the Global Products segment, the impact of higher lead costs on pricing, and favorable pricing and product mix in the Power Solutions business. Excluding the impact of the Tyco Merger and foreign currency translation, consolidated net sales increased 4% as compared to the prior year. Refer to the segment analysis below within Item 7 for a discussion of net sales by segment.

Cost of Sales / Gross Profit
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2017 2016 Change
Cost of sales$20,833
 $15,183
 37%
Gross profit9,339
 5,654
 65%
% of sales31.0% 27.1%  

Cost of sales increased in fiscal 2017 as compared to fiscal 2016, with gross profit as a percentage of sales increasing by 390 basis points. Gross profit in the Building Technologies & Solutions business included the incremental gross profit related to the Tyco Merger, and higher volumes in the Global Products segment. Gross profit in the Power Solutions business was favorably impacted by favorable pricing and product mix net of lead cost increases and higher volumes, partially offset by higher operating costs. Net mark-to-market adjustments on pension and postretirement plans had a net favorable year-over-year impact on cost of sales of $169 million ($72 million gain in fiscal 2017 compared to a $97 million charge in fiscal 2016) primarily due to an increase in year-over-year discount rates and favorable U.S. investment returns versus expectations in the current year. Foreign currency translation had an unfavorable impact on cost of sales of approximately $21 million. Refer to the segment analysis below within Item 7 for a discussion of segment EBITA by segment.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2017 2016 Change
Selling, general and administrative expenses$6,158
 $4,190
 47%
% of sales20.4% 20.1%  

SG&A increased by $1,968 million year over year, and SG&A as a percentage of sales increased by 30 basis points. The Building Technologies & Solutions business SG&A increased primarily due to incremental SG&A related to the Tyco Merger, partially offset by productivity savings and cost synergies. Foreign currency translation had an unfavorable impact on SG&A of $5 million. The net unfavorable year-over-year impact on SG&A resulting from transaction, integration and separation costs was $149 million. The net mark-to-market adjustments on pension and postretirement plans had a net favorable year-over-year impact on SG&A of $644 million ($348 million gain in fiscal 2017 compared to a $296 million charge in fiscal 2016) primarily due to an increase in year-over-year discount rates and favorable U.S. investment returns versus expectations in the current year. Refer to the segment analysis below within Item 7 for a discussion of segment EBITA by segment.

Restructuring and Impairment Costs
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2017 2016 Change
Restructuring and impairment costs$367
 $288
 27%
Refer to Note 16, "Significant Restructuring and Impairment Costs," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further disclosure related to the Company's restructuring plans.


Net Financing Charges
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2017 2016 Change
Net financing charges$496
 $289
 72%

Refer to Note 9, "Debt and Financing Arrangements," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further disclosure related to the Company's net financing charges.

Equity Income
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2017 2016 Change
Equity income$240
 $174
 38%

The increase in equity income was primarily due to higher income at certain partially-owned affiliates of the Power Solutions business and the Johnson Controls - Hitachi joint venture in the Building Technologies & Solutions business. Refer to the segment analysis below within Item 7 for a discussion of segment EBITA by segment.

Income Tax Provision
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2017 2016 Change
Income tax provision$705
 $197
 *
Effective tax rate28% 19%  

* Measure not meaningful

The statutory tax rate in Ireland is being used as a comparison for fiscal 2017 since the Company is domiciled in Ireland. The U.S. federal statutory rate is being used as a comparison for fiscal 2016 since the Company was a U.S. domiciled company for 11 months of fiscal 2016. The effective rate is above the statutory rate of 12.5% for fiscal 2017 primarily due to the establishment of a deferred tax liability on the outside basis difference of the Company's investment in certain subsidiaries related to the divestiture of the Scott Safety business, the income tax effects of pension mark-to-market gains and tax rate differentials, partially offset by the jurisdictional mix of significant restructuring and impairment costs, Tyco Merger transaction and integration costs, purchase accounting adjustments, tax audit closures, a tax benefit due to changes in entity tax status and the benefits of continuing global tax planning initiatives. The effective rate is below the U.S. statutory rate of 35% for fiscal 2016 primarily due to the benefits of continuing global tax planning initiatives and foreign tax rate differentials, partially offset by the jurisdictional mix of restructuring and impairment costs, and the tax impacts of the Merger and integration related costs. The fiscal 2017 effective tax rate increased as compared to the fiscal 2016 effective tax rate primarily due to the tax effects of transactions ($408 million), and the tax effects of restructuring and impairment costs ($37 million), partially offset by the tax effects of reserve and valuation allowance adjustments ($164 million) and tax planning initiatives. The fiscal year 2017 and 2016 global tax planning initiatives related primarily to foreign tax credit planning, changes in entity tax status, global financing structures and alignment of the Company's global business functions in a tax efficient manner. Refer to Note 18, "Income Taxes," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further details.

Valuation Allowances

The Company reviews the realizability of its deferred tax asset valuation allowances on a quarterly basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a review is required. In determining the requirement for a valuation allowance, the historical and projected financial results of the legal entity or consolidated group recording the net deferred tax asset are considered, along with any other positive or negative evidence. Since future financial results may differ from previous estimates, periodic adjustments to the Company’s valuation allowances may be necessary.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company performed an analysis related to the realizability of its worldwide deferred tax assets. As a result, and after considering tax planning initiatives and other positive and negative evidence, the Company determined

that it was more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets primarily in Canada, China and Mexico would not be able to be realized, and it was more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets in Germany would be realized. Therefore, the Company recorded $27 million of net valuation allowances as income tax expense in the three month period ended September 30, 2017.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company performed an analysis related to the realizability of its worldwide deferred tax assets. As a result, and after considering tax planning initiatives and other positive and negative evidence, the Company determined that no other material changes were needed to its valuation allowances.  Therefore, there was no impact to income tax expense due to valuation allowance changes in the three month period or year ended September 30, 2016.

Uncertain Tax Positions

The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous non-U.S. jurisdictions. Judgment is required in determining its worldwide provision for income taxes and recording the related assets and liabilities. In the ordinary course of the Company’s business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Company is regularly under audit by tax authorities.

During fiscal 2017, the Company settled a significant number of tax examinations impacting fiscal years 2006 to fiscal 2014. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, income tax audit resolutions resulted in a net $191 million benefit to income tax expense.

The Company’s federal income tax returns and certain non-U.S. income tax returns for various fiscal years remain under various stages of audit by the IRS and respective non-U.S. tax authorities. Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, management believes that it has appropriate support for the positions taken on its tax returns and that its annual tax provisions included amounts sufficient to pay assessments, if any, which may be proposed by the taxing authorities. At September 30, 2017, the Company had recorded a liability for its best estimate of the probable loss on certain of its tax positions, the majority of which is included in other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position. Nonetheless, the amounts ultimately paid, if any, upon resolution of the issues raised by the taxing authorities may differ materially from the amounts accrued for each year.

Other Tax Matters

During fiscal 2017, the Company recorded $428 million of transaction and integration costs which generated a $69 million tax benefit.

During fiscal 2017, the Company recorded a discrete non-cash tax charge of $490 million related to establishment of a deferred tax liability on the outside basis difference of the Company's investment in certain subsidiaries of the Scott Safety business. This business is reported as net assets held for sale given the announced sale to 3M Company. Refer to Note 3, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," and Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company recorded a tax charge of $53 million due to a change in the deferred tax liability related to the outside basis of certain nonconsolidated subsidiaries.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company recorded a discrete tax benefit of $101 million due to changes in entity tax status.

During fiscal 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred significant charges for restructuring and impairment costs. Refer to Note 16, "Significant Restructuring and Impairment Costs," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information. These costs generated tax benefits of $63 million and $76 million, respectively, which reflects the Company’s current tax position in these jurisdictions.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company completed its merger with Tyco. As a result of that transaction, the Company incurred incremental tax expense of $137 million. In preparation for the spin-off of the Automotive Experience business in the first quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company incurred incremental tax expense for continuing operations of $26 million in fiscal 2016.

Impacts of Tax Legislation and Change in Statutory Tax Rates

On October 13, 2016, the U.S. Treasury and the IRS released final and temporary Section 385 regulations. These regulations address whether certain instruments between related parties are treated as debt or equity.

The "look-through rule," under subpart F of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, expired for the Company on September 30, 2015. The "look-through rule" had provided an exception to the U.S. taxation of certain income generated by foreign subsidiaries. The

rule was extended in December 2015 retroactive to the beginning of the Company’s 2016 fiscal year. The retroactive extension was signed into legislation and was made permanent through the Company's 2020 fiscal year.

During the fiscal years ended 2017 and 2016, other tax legislation was adopted in various jurisdictions. These law changes did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Loss From Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2017 2016 Change
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax$(34) $(1,516) *

* Measure not meaningful

Refer to Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information.

Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2017 2016 Change
Income from continuing operations attributable
   to noncontrolling interests
$199
 $132
 51 %
Income from discontinued operations
   attributable to noncontrolling interests
9
 84
 -89 %

The increase in income from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests for fiscal 2017 was primarily due to higher net income related to the Johnson Controls - Hitachi joint venture in the Building Technologies & Solutions business.

Refer to Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company's discontinued operations.

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Johnson Controls
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2017 2016 Change
Net income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls$1,611
 $(868) *

* Measure not meaningful

The increase in net income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls was primarily due to incremental operating income as a result of the Tyco Merger and a prior year net loss from discontinued operations, partially offset by an increase in the income tax provision and higher net financing charges. Fiscal 2017 diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Johnson Controls was $1.71 compared to ($1.29) in fiscal 2016.

Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Johnson Controls
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2017 2016 Change
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to
   Johnson Controls
$1,710
 $(964) *

* Measure not meaningful


The increase in comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls was due to higher net income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls ($2,479 million) and an increase in other comprehensive loss attributable to Johnson Controls ($195 million) primarily related to favorable foreign currency translation adjustments. These year-over-year favorable foreign currency translation adjustments were primarily driven by the strengthening of the euro and British pound currencies against the U.S. dollar, partially offset by the weakening of the Japanese yen currency against the U.S. dollar.

Segment Analysis

Management evaluates the performance of its business units based primarily on segment EBIT,EBITA, which is defined as income from continuing operations before income taxes and noncontrolling interests, excluding general corporate expenses, intangible asset amortization, net financing charges, significant restructuring and impairment costs, and net mark-to-market adjustments on pension and postretirement plans.

Building EfficiencyTechnologies & Solutions
 
Net Sales
for the Year Ended
September 30,
   
Segment EBIT
for the Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2015 2014 Change 2015 2014 Change
Systems and Service North America$4,184
 $4,098
 2 % $375
 $354
 6 %
Products North America2,450
 1,807
 36 % 306
 238
 29 %
Asia1,985
 2,077
 -4 % 191
 270
 -29 %
Rest of World1,891
 2,103
 -10 % 51
 (45) *
 $10,510
 $10,085
 4 % $923
 $817
 13 %
 
Net Sales
for the Year Ended
September 30,
   
Segment EBITA
for the Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change
Building Solutions North America$8,341
 $4,687
 78% $1,039
 $494
 *
Building Solutions EMEA/LA3,595
 1,613
 *
 290
 74
 *
Building Solutions Asia Pacific2,444
 1,736
 41% 323
 222
 45%
Global Products8,455
 6,148
 38% 1,179
 637
 85%
 $22,835
 $14,184
 61% $2,831
 $1,427
 98%
 * Measure not meaningful

Net Sales:

The increase in Systems and ServiceBuilding Solutions North America was due to incremental sales related to the Tyco Merger including current year nonrecurring purchase accounting adjustments ($3,689 million), the impact of prior year nonrecurring purchase accounting adjustments ($15 million) and the favorable impact of foreign currency translation ($5 million), partially offset by a prior year business divestiture ($32 million) and lower installation volumes ($23 million).

The increase in Building Solutions EMEA/LA was due to incremental sales related to the Tyco Merger including current year nonrecurring purchase accounting adjustments ($1,982 million), higher volumes ($7 million), the impact of prior year nonrecurring purchase accounting adjustments ($5 million) and the favorable impact of foreign currency translation ($3 million), partially offset by a business divestiture ($15 million).

The increase in Building Solutions Asia Pacific was due to incremental sales related to the Tyco Merger including current year nonrecurring purchase accounting adjustments ($653 million), higher volumes of controlsequipment and control systems ($41 million), and higher service volumes ($12938 million), partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($4324 million). The increase in volume was driven by favorable local economic conditions.

The increase in Global Products North America was due to incremental sales related to the ADTi acquisitionTyco Merger including current year nonrecurring purchase accounting adjustments ($5872,157 million), and higher volumes ($221 million) and the favorable impact of residential and commercial productsforeign currency translation ($6520 million), partially offset by lower volumes related to business divestitures and deconsolidation ($91 million). The increase in volumes was primarily attributable to new product offerings.

Segment EBITA:

The increase in Building Solutions North America was due to incremental income related to the Tyco Merger ($567 million), the net impact of prior year and current year nonrecurring purchase accounting adjustments ($52 million), favorable mix ($9 million), lower SG&A ($3 million) as a result of productivity and synergy savings net of a prior year gain on business divestiture, the favorable impact of foreign currency translation ($1 million) and prior year transaction costs ($1 million), partially offset by current year integration costs ($42 million), higher operating costs as a result of channel investments ($25 million), current year transaction costs ($13 million), lower volumes ($6 million) and a prior year business divestiture ($2 million).


The increase in Building Solutions EMEA/LA was due to incremental income related to the Tyco Merger ($221 million), the net impact of prior year and current year nonrecurring purchase accounting adjustments ($33 million), lower SG&A as a result of productivity and synergy savings ($23 million), favorable mix ($7 million), higher volumes ($2 million) and prior year transaction costs ($1 million), partially offset by a current year unfavorable arbitration award ($50 million), current year integration costs ($6 million), lower equity income ($6 million), current year transaction costs ($5 million), the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($93 million) and a prior year business divestiture ($1 million).

The decreaseincrease in Building Solutions Asia Pacific was due to incremental income related to the Tyco Merger ($73 million), lower SG&A as a result of productivity savings ($24 million), higher volumes ($20 million) and the favorable impact of foreign currency translation ($1 million), partially offset by unfavorable mix ($6 million), current year integration costs ($5 million), higher operating costs ($4 million) and current year transaction costs ($2 million).

The increase in Global Products was due to incremental income related to the Tyco Merger ($474 million), higher volumes ($55 million), lower SG&A as a result of productivity and synergy savings ($41 million), higher equity income ($33 million), prior year integration costs ($20 million), prior year transaction costs ($14 million) and lower operating costs ($13 million), partially offset by the net impact of prior year and current year nonrecurring purchase accounting adjustments ($42 million), current year integration costs ($25 million), unfavorable mix ($16 million), current year transaction costs ($13 million), the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($1075 million), and lower volumesa prior year gain on acquisition of equipment and controls systemspartially-owned affiliate ($80 million), partially offset by incremental sales due to business acquisitions ($584 million) and higher service volumesbusiness divestitures ($373 million).

Power Solutions
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2017 2016 Change
Net sales$7,337
 $6,653
 10%
Segment EBITA1,427
 1,327
 8%

The decrease in Rest of World wasNet sales increased due to the unfavorableimpact of higher lead costs on pricing ($427 million) favorable pricing and product mix ($154 million), higher sales volumes ($86 million) and the favorable impact of foreign currency translation ($25517 million). The increase in volumes was driven by start-stop battery volumes and lowergrowth in China. Additionally, higher start-stop volumes in Latin America ($72 million), partially offset by higher volumes in the Middle East ($71 million) and Europe ($22 million), and incremental sales relatedcontributed to the ADTi acquisition ($22 million).favorable product mix.

Segment EBIT:

The increase in Systems and Service North America wasEBITA increased due to higher volumesfavorable pricing and product mix net of lead cost increases ($30106 million), net unfavorable prior year contract related chargeslower SG&A as a result of productivity savings ($9 million) and a prior year pension settlement loss ($3 million), partially offset by higher selling, general and administrative expenses net of a current year gain on business divestiture ($13 million), current year transaction and integration costs ($4 million), and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($4 million).

The increase in Products North America was due to incremental operating income related to the ADTi acquisition ($53 million), prior year acquisition related costs ($27 million), higher volumes ($2239 million), higher equity income ($228 million), ahigher volumes ($27 million), prior year pension settlement lossrestructuring and impairment costs included in equity income ($7 million), prior year transaction costs ($1 million) and the favorable impact of foreign currency translation ($1 million), partially offset by higher selling, general and administrative expenses net of current year gains on business divestituresoperating costs primarily driven by efforts to satisfy growing customer demand ($28 million), current year transaction and integration costs ($8 million), and unfavorable mix and margin rates ($2 million).

The decrease in Asia was due to higher selling, general and administrative expenses ($26 million), current year transaction and integration costs ($24 million), a prior year gain on acquisition of partially-owned affiliates ($19 million), lower volumes ($17 million) and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($17 million), partially offset by favorable mix and margin rates ($17 million), and incremental operating income due to business acquisitions ($7 million).

The increase in Rest of World was due to net unfavorable prior year contract related charges in the Middle East ($50 million), favorable mix and margin rates ($49 million), higher equity income ($7 million), higher volumes ($4 million), lower selling, general and administrative expenses ($1 million), and incremental operating income due to business acquisitions ($1 million), partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($15108 million) and current year transaction costs ($1 million).

Automotive Experience
 
Net Sales
for the Year Ended
September 30,
   
Segment EBIT
for the Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2015 2014 Change 2015 2014 Change
Seating$16,539
 $17,531
 -6 % $928
 $853
 9%
Interiors3,540
 4,501
 -21 % 254
 (1) *
 $20,079
 $22,032
 -9 % $1,182
 $852
 39%
* Measure not meaningful

Net Sales:

The decrease in Seating was due to the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($1.4 billion), partially offset by higher volumes ($280 million), incremental sales related to a business acquisition ($57 million), and net favorable pricing and commercial settlements ($51 million).

The decrease in Interiors was due to the deconsolidation of the majority of the Interiors business on July 2, 2015 ($924 million), lower volumes related to a prior year business divestiture ($248 million), the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($229 million) and unfavorable sales mix ($138 million), partially offset by higher volumes ($506 million), net favorable pricing and commercial settlements ($45 million), and incremental sales related to business acquisitions ($27 million).


Segment EBIT:

The increase in Seating was due to net favorable pricing and commercial settlements ($65 million), lower purchasing costs ($64 million), higher volumes ($56 million), lower selling, general and administrative expenses ($30 million), lower engineering expenses ($29 million), higher equity income ($20 million), a gain on a business divestiture ($10 million), incremental operating income related to a business acquisition ($7 million) and a prior year pension settlement loss ($5 million), partially offset by higher operating costs ($117 million), the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($47 million), unfavorable mix ($31 million) and current year separation costs ($16 million).

The increase in Interiors was due to a net gain on a business divestiture ($145 million), a prior year net loss on business divestitures ($86 million), higher volumes ($67 million), lower operating costs ($23 million), lower selling, general and administrative expenses ($16 million), lower purchasing costs ($6 million), lower engineering expenses ($5 million), higher equity income ($3 million), incremental operating income related to business acquisitions ($3 million) and a prior year pension settlement loss ($1 million), partially offset by current year transaction and integration costs ($38 million), unfavorable mix ($27 million), lower operating income related to a current year business divestiture ($19 million), net unfavorable pricing and commercial settlements ($12 million), and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($4 million).

Power Solutions
 
Year Ended
September 30,
  
(in millions)2015 2014 Change
Net sales$6,590
 $6,632
 -1 %
Segment EBIT1,153
 1,052
 10 %

Net sales decreased due to the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($450 million), partially offset by higher sales volumes ($291 million), and favorable pricing and product mix ($117 million).

Segment EBIT increased due to higher volumes ($90 million), lower operating costs ($79 million), favorable pricing and product mix ($16 million), a prior year pension settlement loss ($5 million) and higher equity income ($2 million), partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($52 million), higher selling, general and administrative expenses ($20 million), and a prior year gain on acquisition of a partially-owned affiliate ($19 million).

GOODWILL, LONG-LIVED ASSETS AND OTHER INVESTMENTS

Goodwill at September 30, 20162018 was $23.4$19.5 billion, $16.6$0.2 billion higherlower than the prior year. The increasedecrease was primarily due to goodwill generated as a resultthe impact of the Tyco merger and JCH joint venture in the Buildings business.foreign currency translation.

Goodwill reflects the cost of an acquisition in excess of the fair values assigned to identifiable net assets acquired. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment during the fourth fiscal quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired. The Company performs impairment reviews for its reporting units, which have been determined to be the Company’s reportable segments or one level below the reportable segments in certain instances, using a fair value method based on management’s judgments and assumptions or third party valuations. The fair value of a reporting unit refers to the price that would be received to sell the unit as a whole in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In estimating the fair value, the Company uses multiples of earnings based on the average of historical, published multiples of earnings of comparable entities with similar operations and economic characteristics.characteristics and applies to the Company's average of historical and future financial results. In certain instances, the Company uses discounted cash flow analyses or estimated sales price to further support the fair value estimates. The inputs utilized in the analyses are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement." The estimated fair value is then compared with the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including recorded goodwill. The Company is subject to financial statement risk to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value.

During fiscal 2014, as a result of operating results, restructuring actions and expected future profitability, the Company's forecasted cash flow estimates used in the goodwill assessment were negatively impacted as of September 30, 2014 for the Building Efficiency Rest of World - Latin America reporting unit. As a result, the Company concluded that the carrying value of the Building Efficiency Rest of World - Latin America reporting unit exceeded its fair value as of September 30, 2014. The Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $47 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, which was determined by comparing the carrying value of

the reporting unit's goodwill with the implied fair value of goodwill for the reporting unit. The Building Efficiency Rest of World - Latin America reporting unit has no remaining goodwill at September 30, 2016 and 2015.

The assumptions included in the impairment tests require judgment, and changes to these inputs could impact the results of the calculations. Other than management's projections of future cash flows, theThe primary assumptions used in the impairment tests were the weighted-average costmanagement's projections of capital and long-term growth rates.future cash flows. Although the Company's cash flow forecasts are based on assumptions that are considered reasonable by management and consistent with the plans and estimates management is using to operate the underlying businesses, there are significant judgments in determining the expected future cash flows attributable to a reporting unit. The impairment charges are non-cash expenses recorded within restructuring and impairment costs on the consolidated statements of income and did not adversely affect the Company's debt position, cash flow, liquidity or compliance with financial covenants.

Indefinite livedIndefinite-lived other intangible assets are also subject to at least annual impairment testing. A considerable amount of management judgment and assumptions are required in performing the impairment tests.

While the Company believes the judgments and assumptions used in the impairment tests are reasonable and no impairmentimpairments of goodwill or indefinite-lived assets existed during fiscal years 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 2014,2016, different assumptions could change the estimated fair values and, therefore, impairment charges could be required, which could be material to the consolidated financial statements.

The Company reviews long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipmenttangible assets and other intangible assets with definitedefinitive lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company conducts its long-lived asset impairment analyses in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, "Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.Assets," ASC 350-30, "General Intangibles Other than Goodwill" and ASC 985-20, "Costs of software to be sold, leased, or marketed." ASC 360-10-15 requires the Company to group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset group is recoverable, an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or appraisals. ASC 350-30 requires intangible assets acquired in a business combination that are used in research and development activities to be considered indefinite lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. During the period that those assets are considered indefinite lived, they shall not be amortized but shall be tested for impairment annually and more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired.  If the carrying amount of an intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an entity shall recognize an impairment loss in an amount equal to that excess. ASC 985-20 requires the unamortized capitalized costs of a computer software product be compared to the net realizable value of that product. The amount by which the unamortized capitalized costs of a computer software product exceed the net realizable value of that asset shall be written off.

In fiscal 2018, the second, thirdCompany concluded it had a triggering event requiring assessment of impairment for certain of its long-lived assets in conjunction with its restructuring actions announced in fiscal 2018. As a result, the Company reviewed the long-lived assets for impairment and fourth quartersrecorded $42 million of asset impairment charges within restructuring and impairment costs in the consolidated statements of income. Of the total impairment charges, $31 million related to the Global Products segment, $6 million related to the Power Solutions segment and $5 million related to Corporate assets. Refer to Note 16, "Significant Restructuring and Impairment Costs," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information. The impairments were measured under a market approach utilizing an appraisal to determine fair values of the impaired assets. This method is consistent with the methods the Company employed in prior periods to value other long-lived assets. The inputs utilized in the analyses are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement."

In fiscal 2016,2017, the Company concluded it had triggering events requiring assessment of impairment for certain of its long-lived assets in conjunction with its restructuring actions announced in fiscal 2016.2017. As a result, the Company reviewed the long-lived assets for impairment and recorded $190$77 million of asset impairment charges within restructuring and impairment costs on the consolidated statements of income, of which $29 million was recorded in the second quarter, $51 million was recorded in the third quarter and $110 million was recorded in the fourth quarter.income. Of the total impairment charges, $64$30 million related to the Building Solutions North America segment, $20 million related to the Global Products segment, $19 million related to Corporate assets, $7 million related to the Power Solutions segment $55 million related to Corporate assets, $55 million related to the Automotive Experience Seating segment, $8 million related to the Building Efficiency Products North America segment, $4 million related to the Building Efficiency Asia segment, $3 million related to the Building Efficiency Rest of World segment and $1 million related to the Automotive Experience InteriorsBuilding Solutions Asia Pacific segment. Refer to Note 16, "Significant Restructuring and Impairment Costs," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information. The impairments were measured, depending on the asset, under either an income approach utilizing forecasted discounted cash flows or a market approach utilizing an appraisal to determine fair values of the impaired assets. These methods are consistent with the methods the Company employed in prior periods to value other long-lived assets. The inputs utilized in the analyses are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement."

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company concluded it had triggering events requiring assessment of impairment for certain of its long-lived assets in conjunction with its announced restructuring actions and the intention to spin-off the Automotive Experience business. As a result, the Company reviewed the long-lived assets for impairment and recorded a $183 million impairment charge within restructuring and impairment costs on the consolidated statements of income. Of the total impairment charge, $139 million related to Corporate assets, $27 million related to the Automotive Experience Seating segment, $16 million related to the Building Efficiency Rest of World segment and $1 million related to the Building Efficiency Systems and Service North America segment. Refer to Note 16, "Significant Restructuring and Impairment Costs," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information. The impairment was measured, depending on the asset, either under an income approach utilizing forecasted discounted cash flows or a market approach utilizing an appraisal to determine fair values of the impairment assets. These methods are consistent with the methods the Company employed in prior periods to value other long-lived assets. The inputs utilized in the analyses are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement."

In the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2014,2016, the Company concluded it had triggering events requiring assessment of impairment for certain of its long-lived assets in conjunction with its restructuring actions announced in fiscal 2014. In addition, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company concluded that it had a triggering event requiring assessment of impairment of long-lived assets held by the Building Efficiency Rest of World - Latin America reporting unit due to the impairment of goodwill in the

quarter.2016. As a result, the Company reviewed the long-lived assets for impairment and recorded a $91$103 million of asset impairment chargecharges within restructuring and impairment costs on the consolidated statements of income, of which $45 million was recorded in the third quarter and $46 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014.income. Of the total impairment charge, $45charges, $64 million related to the Automotive Experience InteriorsPower Solutions segment, $34$24 million related to Corporate assets, $8 million related to the Global Products segment, $4 million related to the Building Efficiency Rest of WorldSolutions Asia Pacific segment $7and $3 million related to the Automotive Experience Seating segment and $5 million related to Corporate assets.Building Solutions EMEA/LA segment. In addition, the Company recorded $43$87 million of asset and investment impairments within discontinued operations in the third quarter of fiscal 2014 related to the divestiture of the Automotive Experience Electronics business.Adient in fiscal 2016. Refer to Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," and Note 16, "Significant

Restructuring and Impairment Costs," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information. The impairment wasimpairments were measured, depending on the asset, under either under an income approach utilizing forecasted discounted cash flows or a market approach utilizing an appraisal to determine fair values of the impairmentimpaired assets. These methods are consistent with the methods the Company employed in prior periods to value other long-lived assets. The inputs utilized in the analyses are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement."

Investments in partially-owned affiliates ("affiliates") at September 30, 20162018 were $2.7$1.3 billion, $0.6$0.1 billion higher than the prior year. The increase was primarily due to the investmentequity income from partially-owned affiliates in the JCHPower Solutions business and the Johnson Controls - Hitachi joint venture and positive earnings at certain Automotive Experience affiliates.venture.


LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Working Capital
 September 30,
2016
 September 30,
2015
  
(in millions)  Change
Current assets$17,109
 $10,469
  
Current liabilities(16,293) (10,446)  
 816
 23
 *
      
Less: Cash(684) (597)  
Less: Cash in escrow related to Adient debt(2,034) 
  
Add: Short-term debt1,119
 52
  
Add: Current portion of long-term debt628
 813
  
Less: Assets held for sale(174) (55)  
Add: Liabilities held for sale28
 42
  
Working capital (as defined)$(301) $278
 *
      
Accounts receivable$8,018
 $5,751
 39%
Inventories3,560
 2,377
 50%
Accounts payable6,764
 5,174
 31%

* Measure not meaningful
 
September 30,
2018
 
September 30,
2017
  
(in millions)  Change
Current assets$11,823
 $12,292
  
Current liabilities(11,250) (11,854)  
 573
 438
 31%
      
Less: Cash(200) (321)  
Add: Short-term debt1,315
 1,214
  
Add: Current portion of long-term debt26
 394
  
Less: Assets held for sale
 (189)  
Add: Liabilities held for sale
 72
  
Working capital (as defined)$1,714
 $1,608
 7%
      
Accounts receivable$7,065
 $6,666
 6%
Inventories3,224
 3,209
 %
Accounts payable4,644
 4,271
 9%

The Company defines working capital as current assets less current liabilities, excluding cash, cash in escrow related to Adient debt, short-term debt, the current portion of long-term debt, and the current portionportions of assets and liabilities held for sale. Management believes that this measure of working capital, which excludes financing-related items and businesses to be divested, provides a more useful measurement of the Company’s operating performance.

The decreaseincrease in working capital at September 30, 20162018 as compared to September 30, 2015,2017, was primarily relateddue to an increase in accounts receivable due to organic sales growth, partially offset by an increase in accounts payable due to timing and mix of supplier payments, timing of income tax payments and an increase in restructuring reserves, partially offset by the impact of the Tyco merger, the impact of the JCH joint venture and an increase in accounts receivable due to timing of customer receipts.payments.

The Company’s days sales in accounts receivable at September 30, 20162018 were 58,66, a slight increase from 5665 at September 30, 2015.2017. There has been no significant adverse change in the level of overdue receivables or changes in revenue recognition methods.

The Company’s inventory turns for the year ended September 30, 20162018 were slightly lowerhigher than the comparable period ended September 30, 20152017 primarily due to changes in inventory production levels.

Days in accounts payable at September 30, 20162018 were 73 days, lowerhigher than 7470 days at the comparable period ended September 30, 2015.2017.


Cash Flows
Year Ended September 30,Year Ended September 30,
(in millions)2016 20152018 2017
Cash provided by operating activities$1,895
 $1,600
$2,513
 $31
Cash provided (used) by investing activities(887) 470
1,215
 (1,137)
Cash used by financing activities(933) (1,821)
Cash provided (used) by financing activities(3,752) 698
Capital expenditures(1,249) (1,135)(1,030) (1,343)

The increase in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to favorable changesmovements in other assets and lower pension contributions, partially offset byworking capital balances, higher prior year income tax payments related to the Adient spin-off ($1.2 billion in the first quarter of fiscal 2017), and currentprior year separation costs.operating cash outflows in the Automotive Experience business before the Adient spin-off, change in control pension payments and transaction/integration related payments.

The increase in cash usedprovided by investing activities was primarily due to net cash proceeds received from the Scott Safety business divestitures in the prior year, cash paid for the JCH joint venturedivestiture in the current year and an increasea decrease in capital expenditures, partially offset by cash acquired in the Tyco merger in the current year.expenditures.

The decreaseincrease in cash used by financing activities was primarily due to an increase in long-term debt, lower stock repurchases in thehigher current year and an increase in short-term debt, partially offset by higher repayments of long-term debt, an increase in dividends paid due to timing and an increase in dividends paid to noncontrolling interests related to the JCH joint venture.debt.

The increasedecrease in capital expenditures in the current year is primarily related to higherlower capital investments in the Buildingscurrent year in the Building Technologies & Solutions and Power SolutionsSolution businesses, partially offset by lowerand prior year capital investments in the Automotive Experience business.business before the Adient spin-off.

Capitalization
 September 30,
2016
 September 30,
2015
  
(in millions)  Change
Short-term debt$1,119
 $52
  
Current portion of long-term debt628
 813
  
Long-term debt14,606
 5,745
  
Total debt$16,353
 $6,610
 *
      
Shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls ordinary
   shareholders
24,118
 10,335
 *
Total capitalization$40,471
 $16,945
 *
      
Total debt as a % of total capitalization40% 39%  
* Measure not meaningful
 September 30,
2018
 September 30,
2017
  
(in millions)  Change
Short-term debt$1,315
 $1,214
  
Current portion of long-term debt26
 394
  
Long-term debt9,654
 11,964
  
Total debt$10,995
 $13,572
 -19 %
Less: cash and cash equivalents200
 321
  
Total net debt$10,795
 $13,251
 -19 %
      
Shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls ordinary
   shareholders
21,164
 20,447
 4 %
Total capitalization$31,959
 $33,698
 -5 %
      
Total net debt as a % of total capitalization33.8% 39.3%  

Net debt and net debt as a percentage of total capitalization are non-GAAP financial measures. The Company believes the percentage of total net debt to total capitalization is useful to understanding the Company’s financial condition as it provides a review of the extent to which the Company relies on external debt financing for its funding and is a measure of risk to its shareholders.

In connection with the Tyco merger on September 2, 2016, JCI Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, replaced its $2.5 billion committed five-year credit facility scheduled to mature in August 2018 with a $2.0 billion committed four-year credit facility scheduled to mature in August 2020. Also, in connection with the Tyco merger on September 2, 2016, Tyco International Holding S.à.r.l ("TSarl"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a four-year, $1.0 billion revolving credit agreement scheduled to mature in August 2020.

At September 30, 2016, the Company had committed bilateral U.S. dollar denominated revolving credit facilities totaling $135 million, which are scheduled to expire in fiscal 2017. There were no draws on any of these revolving facilities as of September 30, 2016.

Simultaneously with the closing of the Tyco Merger on September 2, 2016, TSarl borrowed $4.0 billion under the Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of March 10, 2016 with a syndicate of lenders, providing for a three and a half year senior unsecured term loan facility to finance the cash consideration for, and fees, expenses and costs incurred in connection with the Merger.

In August 2016, Adient Global Holdings, Ltd. (AGH), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, issued a one billion euro, 3.5% fixed rate, 8-year senior unsecured note scheduled to mature in August 2024. AGH also issued a $900 million, 4.875%, 10-year senior unsecured note scheduled to mature in August 2026. The proceeds from the notes were deposited into escrow and are expected to be released in connection with the spin-off. The notes have not been, and are not expected to be, guaranteed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries that will not be subsidiaries of Adient following the spin-off. Approximately $1,500 million of the proceeds will be distributed to the Company in connection with the spin-off and approximately $500 million of the proceeds will be used for Adient's general corporate purposes.

In July 2016, AGH entered into a 5-year, $1,500 million Term A loan facility and a 5-year, $1,500 million revolving credit facility scheduled to mature in July 2021. The term loan was fully drawn in August 2016. As of September 30, 2016, there were no draws on the facility. Upon completion of the spin-off of Adient, AGH will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Adient. On the date of the spin-off, Adient and certain of its wholly-owned subsidiaries will guarantee the debt, and the guarantees of the Company will automatically be released. The Company used the proceeds of the term loan to early repay its four tranches of euro-denominated floating rate credit facilities, totaling 390 million euro, that were outstanding as of September 30, 2015; three term loans of $500 million, $200 million and $125 million that were entered into during fiscal 2016, plus accrued interest, and a $90 million outstanding credit facility. The remainder of the proceeds were used for general corporate purposes.

In February 2016, the Company entered into a nine-month, $100 million floating rate term loan scheduled to mature in November 2016. Proceeds from the term loan were used for general corporate purposes.

In February 2016, the Company terminated a 37 million euro committed revolving credit facility scheduled to mature in September 2016, and subsequently entered into a nine-month, 100 million euro, floating rate term loan scheduled to mature in October 2016. Proceeds from the term loan were used for general corporate purposes.

In January 2016, the Company entered into a ten-month, $200 million, floating rate term loan scheduled to mature in October 2016. Proceeds from the term loan were used for general corporate purposes.

In January 2016, the Company entered into a ten-month, $125 million, floating rate term loan scheduled to mature in October 2016. Proceeds from the term loan were used for general corporate purposes.

In January 2016, the Company retired $800 million in principal amount, plus accrued interest, of its 5.5% fixed rate notes that matured in January 2016.

In September 2015, the Company retired, at maturity, $500 million, $150 million and $100 million floating rate term loans plus accrued interest that were entered into during fiscal 2015.

In June 2015, the Company entered into a five-year, 37 billion yen floating rate syndicated term loan scheduled to mature in June 2020. Proceeds from the syndicated term loan were used for general corporate purposes.

In May 2015, the Company made a partial repayment of 32 million euro in principal amount, plus accrued interest, of its 70 million euro floating rate credit facility scheduled to mature in November 2017. The remaining outstanding portion as of September 30, 2015 was repaid during fiscal 2016.

In March 2015, the Company retired $125 million in principal amount, plus accrued interest, of its 7.7% fixed rate notes that matured in March 2015.

In January 2015, the Company entered into a one-year, $90 million, committed revolving credit facility scheduled to mature in January 2016. The Company drew on the full credit facility during the quarter ended March 31, 2015. Proceeds from the revolving credit facility were used for general corporate purposes. The $90 million was repaid in September 2015.

The Company also selectively makes use of short-term credit lines. The Company estimates that, as of September 30, 2016, it could borrow up to $1.7 billion based on average borrowing levels during the quarter on committed credit lines.

The Company believes its capital resources and liquidity position at September 30, 20162018 are adequate to meet projected needs. The Company believes requirements for working capital, capital expenditures, dividends, stock repurchases, minimum pension contributions, debt maturities and any potential acquisitions in fiscal 20172019 will continue to be funded from operations, supplemented by short- and long-term borrowings, if required. The Company currently manages its short-term debt position in the U.S. and euro commercial paper markets and bank loan markets. In the event Johnson Controls,

Inc.,the Company and TSarlTyco International Holding S.a.r.L.'s ("TSarl") are unable to issue commercial paper, they would have the ability to draw on their $2.0 billion and $1.0$1.25 billion revolving credit facilities, respectively. Both facilities mature in August 2020. There were no draws on the revolving credit facilities as of September 30, 2016.2018 and 2017. The Company also selectively makes use of short-term credit lines other than its revolving credit facilities at the Company and TSarl. The Company estimates that, as of September 30, 2018, it could borrow up to $2.0 billion based on average borrowing levels during the fourth

quarter of fiscal 2018 on committed credit lines. As such, the Company believes it has sufficient financial resources to fund operations and meet its obligations for the foreseeable future.

The Company’s debt financial covenant in its revolving credit facility requires a minimum consolidated shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls of at least $3.5 billion at all times. The revolving credit facility also limits the amount of debt secured by liens that may be incurred to a maximum aggregated amount of 10% of consolidated shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls for liens and pledges. For purposes of calculating these covenants, consolidated shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls is calculated without giving effect to (i) the application of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 715-60, "Defined Benefit Plans - Other Postretirement," or (ii) the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment. TSarl's revolving credit facility contains customary terms and conditions, and a financial covenant that limits the ratio of TSarl's debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization as adjusted for certain items set forth in the agreement to 3.5x. TSarl's revolving credit facility also limits its ability to incur subsidiary debt or grant liens on its and its subsidiaries' property. As of September 30, 2018, the Company and TSarl were in compliance with all covenants and other requirements set forth in their credit agreements and the indentures, governing their notes, and expect to remain in compliance for the foreseeable future. None of the Company’s or TSarl's debt agreements limit access to stated borrowing levels or require accelerated repayment in the event of a decrease in the respective borrower's credit rating.

The Company earns a significant amount of its operating income outside of the parent company. Outside basis differences in these subsidiaries are deemed to be permanently reinvested. Thereinvested except in limited circumstances including a limited accrual related to fiscal 2018 U.S. Tax Reform. In fiscal 2018, due to U.S. Tax Reform, the Company currently does not intend nor foresee a needprovided income tax related to repatriate undistributed earnings includedthe change in the Company’s assertion over the outside basis differencesdifference of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries owned directly or indirectly by U.S. subsidiaries. Under U.S. Tax Reform, the U.S. has enacted a tax system that provides an exemption for dividends received by U.S. corporations from 10% or more owned non-U.S. corporations. However, certain non-U.S, U.S. state and withholding taxes may still apply when closing an outside basis difference via distribution or other thantransactions. In addition, in fiscal 2017, the Company provided income tax efficient manners. However,expense related to a change in the Company’s assertion over the outside basis difference of the Scott Safety business as a result of the pending divestiture as well as the outside basis of certain nonconsolidated subsidiaries. Also, in fiscal 2016, the Company did provideprovided income tax expense related to a change in the Company's assertion over a portion of the permanently reinvested earnings as a result of the planned spin-off of the Automotive ExperienceAdient business. The Company currently does not intend nor foresee a need to repatriate undistributed earnings included in the outside basis differences other than in tax efficient manners. Except as noted, the Company’s intent is to reduce basis differences only when it would be tax efficient. The Company expects existing U.S. cash and liquidity to continue to be sufficient to fund the Company’s U.S. operating activities and cash commitments for investing and financing activities for at least the next twelve months and thereafter for the foreseeable future. In the U.S., should the Company require more capital than is generated by its operations, the Company could elect to raise capital in the U.S. through debt or equity issuances. The Company has borrowed funds in the U.S. and continues to have the ability to borrow funds in the U.S. at reasonable interest rates. In addition, the Company expects existing non-U.S. cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and cash flows from operations to continue to be sufficient to fund the Company’s non-U.S. operating activities and cash commitments for investing activities, such as material capital expenditures, for at least the next twelve months and thereafter for the foreseeable future. Should the Company require more capital in the U.S. than is generated by operations in the U.S., the Company could elect to raise capital in the U.S. through debt or equity issuances. In addition, should the Company require more capital at the Luxembourg and Ireland holding and financing entities, other than amounts that can be provided in tax efficient methods, the Company could also elect to raise capital through debt or equity issuances. This alternativeThese alternatives could result in increased interest expense or other dilution of the Company’s earnings.

To better align its resources with its growth strategies and reduce the cost structure of its global operations in certain underlying markets, the Company committed to a significant restructuring plan in fiscal 2018 and recorded $263 million of restructuring and impairment costs in the consolidated statements of income. The restructuring action related to cost reduction initiatives in the Company’s Building Technologies & Solutions and Power Solutions businesses and at Corporate. The costs consist primarily of workforce reductions, plant closures and asset impairments. The Company has borrowed funds incurrently estimates that upon completion of the U.S.restructuring action, the fiscal 2018 restructuring plan will reduce annual operating costs by approximately $300 million, which is primarily the result of lower cost of sales and continuesSG&A due to have the ability to borrow funds in the U.S. at reasonable interest rates.

The Company's debt financial covenants require it to maintain a minimum consolidated shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls of at least $3.5 billion at all times and allow a maximum aggregated amount of 10% of its consolidated shareholders’ equity for liens and pledges. For purposes of calculating the covenants, consolidated shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls is calculated without giving effect to (i) the application of ASC 715-60, "Defined Benefit Plans - Other Postretirement," or (ii) the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment. TSarl's, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Johnson Controls, revolving credit facility contains customary terms and conditions, and financial covenants that limit the ratio of TSarl's debt to earnings before interest, taxes,reduced employee-related costs, depreciation and amortization and excluding special itemsexpense. The Company expects the annual benefit of these actions will be substantially realized in 2020. For fiscal 2018, the savings, net of execution costs, were approximately 25% of the expected annual operating cost reduction. The restructuring action is expected to 3.5x and that limit its ability to incur subsidiary debt or grant liens on its property. Asbe substantially complete in 2020. The restructuring plan reserve balance of $174 million at September 30, 2016,2018 is expected to be paid in cash.

To better align its resources with its growth strategies and reduce the cost structure of its global operations in certain underlying markets, the Company wascommitted to a significant restructuring plan in compliance with all covenantsfiscal 2017 and other requirements set forth in its credit agreementsrecorded $367 million of restructuring and indentures and expects to remain in compliance for the foreseeable future. None of the Company’s debt agreements limit access to stated borrowing levels or require accelerated repaymentimpairment costs in the eventconsolidated statements of a decreaseincome. The restructuring action related to cost

reduction initiatives in the Company’s credit rating.Building Technologies & Solutions and Power Solutions businesses and at Corporate. The costs consist primarily of workforce reductions, plant closures and asset impairments. The Company currently estimates that upon completion of the restructuring action, the fiscal 2017 restructuring plan will reduce annual operating costs from continuing operations by approximately $280 million, which is primarily the result of lower cost of sales and SG&A expenses due to reduced employee-related costs, depreciation and amortization expense. The Company expects the annual benefit of these actions will be substantially realized in fiscal 2019. For fiscal 2018, the savings, net of execution costs, were approximately 85% of the expected annual operating cost reduction. The restructuring actions are expected to be substantially complete in fiscal 2019. The restructuring plan reserve balance of $80 million at September 30, 2018 is expected to be paid in cash.

To better align its resources with its growth strategies and reduce the cost structure of its global operations to address the softness in certain underlying markets, the Company committed to a significant restructuring plan in fiscal 2016 and recorded $620$288 million of restructuring and impairment costs in the consolidated statements of income within continuing operations.income. The restructuring action related to cost reduction initiatives in the Company’s Automotive Experience, BuildingsBuilding Technologies & Solutions and Power Solutions businesses and at Corporate. The costs consist primarily of workforce reductions, plant closures, asset impairments and change-in-control payments and immaterial changes in estimates to prior year plans.payments. The Company currently estimates that upon completion of the restructuring action, the fiscal 2016 restructuring plan will reduce annual operating costs from continuing operations by approximately $300$135 million, which is primarily the result of lower cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expensesSG&A due to reduced employee-related costs, depreciation and amortization expense. The Company expects the annual benefit of these actions will be substantially realized by the end ofin fiscal 2018.2019. For fiscal 2016, there were no significant savings, net of execution costs, realized for this plan. The restructuring action is expected to be substantially complete in fiscal 2018. The restructuring plan reserve balance of $445 million at September 30, 2016 is expected to be paid in cash. Included in the reserve is $78 million of committed restructuring actions taken by Tyco for liabilities assumed as part of the Tyco acquisition.

To better align its resources with its growth strategies and reduce the cost structure of its global operations to address the softness in certain underlying markets, the Company committed to a significant restructuring plan in fiscal 2015 and recorded $397 million of restructuring and impairment costs in the consolidated statements of income within continuing operations. The restructuring action related to cost reduction initiatives in the Company’s Automotive Experience, Building Efficiency and Power Solutions businesses and at Corporate. The costs consist primarily of workforce reductions, plant closures and asset impairments. The Company currently estimates that upon completion of the restructuring action, the fiscal 2015 restructuring plan will reduce annual operating costs from continuing operations by approximately $250 million, which is primarily the result of lower cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses due to reduced employee-related costs and depreciation expense. The Company expects that a portion of these savings, net of execution costs, will

be achieved in fiscal 2016 and the full annual benefit of these actions is expected in fiscal 2017. For fiscal 2016,2018, the savings, from continuing operations, net of execution costs, were approximately 55%75% of the expected annual operating cost reduction. The restructuring action isactions are expected to be substantially complete in 2016.fiscal 2019. The restructuring plan reserve balance of $117$73 million at September 30, 20162018 is expected to be paid in cash.

To better align its resources with its growth strategies and reduce the cost structure of its global operations to address the softness in certain underlying markets, the Company committed to significant restructuring plans in fiscal 2014 and 2013 and recorded $324 million and $903 million, respectively, of restructuring and impairment costs in the consolidated statements of income within continuing operations. The restructuring actions related to cost reduction initiatives in the Company’s Automotive Experience, Building Efficiency and Power Solutions businesses and included workforce reductions, plant closures, and asset and goodwill impairments. The Company currently estimates that upon completion of the restructuring actions, the fiscal 2014 and 2013 restructuring plans will reduce annual operating costs from continuing operations by approximately $175 million and $350 million, respectively, which is primarily the result of lower cost of sales due to reduced employee-related costs and lower depreciation and amortization expense. The full annual benefit of these actions, net of execution costs, were achieved in fiscal 2016. The restructuring actions were substantially complete in 2016. The respective year’s restructuring plan reserve balances of $23 million and $24 million, respectively, at September 30, 2016 are expected to be paid in cash.

A summary of the Company’s significant contractual obligations for continuing operations as of September 30, 20162018 is as follows (in millions):
Total 2017 2018-2019 2020-2021 
2022
and Beyond
Total 2019 2020-2021 2022-2023 
2024
and Beyond
Contractual Obligations                  
Long-term debt
(including capital lease obligations)*
$15,234
 $628
 $379
 $6,905
 $7,322
$9,724
 $26
 $2,489
 $1,973
 $5,236
Interest on long-term debt
(including capital lease obligations)*
6,447
 414
 795
 723
 4,515
5,399
 317
 560
 476
 4,046
Operating leases1,352
 406
 537
 254
 155
1,200
 348
 492
 263
 97
Purchase obligations2,624
 2,218
 308
 92
 6
2,506
 1,490
 731
 262
 23
Pension and postretirement contributions745
 330
 78
 84
 253
476
 100
 75
 76
 225
Tax indemnification liabilities**290
 
 
 
 
255
 
 
 
 
Total contractual cash obligations$26,692
 $3,996
 $2,097
 $8,058
 $12,251
$19,560
 $2,281
 $4,347
 $3,050
 $9,627

* See "Capitalization"Refer to Note 9, "Debt and Financing Arrangements," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the Company's long-term debt. The Company's outstanding interest rate swaps in an asset position are not included in the table at September 30, 2016, which indicates the Company was in a net position of receiving cash under such swaps.

** As a result of the Tyco mergerMerger in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company recorded as part of the acquired liabilities of Tyco $290 million of post sale contingent tax indemnification liabilities which is generally recorded within other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position. The liabilities are recorded at fair value and relate to certain tax related matters borne by the buyer of previously divested subsidiaries of Tyco which Tyco has indemnified certain parties and the amounts are probable of being paid. At September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded liabilities of $255 million and $290 million, respectively. Of the $290$255 million recorded as of September 30, 2016, $2552018, $235 million is related to prior divested businesses and the remainder relates to Tyco’s tax sharing agreements from its 2007 and 2012 spin-off transactions. The payments due by period are not presented due to uncertainty as to when these liabilities will be settled or paid. These are certain guarantees or indemnifications extended among Tyco, Medtronic, TE Connectivity, ADT and Pentair in accordance with the terms of the 2007 and 2012 separation and tax sharing agreements.



CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND POLICIES

The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP)("U.S. GAAP"). This requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The following policies are considered by management to be the most critical in understanding the judgments that are involved in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the uncertainties that could impact the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows.


Revenue Recognition

The BuildingsBuilding Technologies & Solutions business recognizes revenue from certain long-term contracts over the contractual period under the POCpercentage-of-completion ("POC") method of accounting. This method of accounting recognizes sales and gross profit as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs incurred and total estimated costs at completion. Recognized revenues that will not be billed under the terms of the contract until a later date are recorded primarily in accounts receivable. Likewise, contracts where billings to date have exceeded recognized revenues are recorded primarily in other current liabilities.deferred revenue. Changes to the original estimates may be required during the life of the contract and such estimates are reviewed monthly. Sales and gross profit are adjusted using the cumulative catch-up method for revisions in estimated total contract costs and contract values. Estimated losses are recorded when identified. Claims against customers are recognized as revenue upon settlement. The use of the POC method of accounting involves considerable use of estimates in determining revenues, costs and profits and in assigning the amounts to accounting periods. The periodic reviews have not resulted in adjustments that were significant to the Company’s results of operations. The Company continually evaluates all of the assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent with the application of the POC method of accounting.

The BuildingsBuilding Technologies & Solutions business enters into extended warranties and long-term service and maintenance agreements with certain customers. For these arrangements, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective contract term.

The BuildingsBuilding Technologies & Solutions business also sells certain heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC)("HVAC") and refrigeration products and services in bundled arrangements, where multiple products and/or services are involved. Significant deliverables within these arrangements include equipment, commissioning, service labor and extended warranties. Approximately four to twelve months separate the timing of the first deliverable until the last piece of equipment is delivered, and there may be extended warranty arrangements with duration of one to five years commencing upon the end of the standard warranty period. In addition, the Buildings business sells security monitoring systems that may have multiple elements, including equipment, installation, monitoring services and maintenance agreements. Revenues associated with sale of equipment and related installations are recognized once delivery, installation and customer acceptance is completed, while the revenue for monitoring and maintenance services are recognized as services are rendered. In accordance with ASU No. 2009-13, "Revenue Recognition (Topic 605): Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements - A Consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force," the Company divides bundled arrangements into separate deliverables and revenue is allocated to each deliverable based on the relative selling price method. In order to estimate relative selling price, market data and transfer price studies are utilized. Revenue recognized for security monitoring equipment and installation is limited to the lesser of their allocated amounts under the estimated selling price hierarchy or the non-contingent up-front consideration received at the time of installation, since collection of future amounts under the arrangement with the customer is contingent upon the delivery of monitoring and maintenance services. For transactions in which the Company retains ownership of the subscriber system asset, fees for monitoring and maintenance services are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term. Non-refundable fees received in connection with the initiation of a monitoring contract, along with associated direct and incremental selling costs, are deferred and amortized over the estimated life of the customer relationship.

In all other cases, the Company recognizes revenue at the time title passes to the customer or as services are performed.


Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Goodwill reflects the cost of an acquisition in excess of the fair values assigned to identifiable net assets acquired. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment during the fourth fiscal quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired. The Company performs impairment reviews for its reporting units, which have been determined to be the Company’s reportable segments or one level below the reportable segments in certain instances, using a fair value method based on management’s judgments and assumptions or third party valuations. The fair value of a reporting unit refers to the price that would be received to sell the unit as a whole in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In estimating the fair value, the Company uses multiples of earnings based on the average of historical, published multiples of earnings of comparable entities with similar operations and economic characteristics.characteristics and applies to the Company's average of historical and future financial results. In certain instances, the Company uses discounted cash flow analyses or estimated sales price to further support the fair value estimates. The inputs utilized in the analyses are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement." The estimated fair value is then compared with the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including recorded goodwill. The Company is subject to financial statement risk to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company changed the date of its annual goodwill impairment test from September 30 to July 31. The change was made to more closely align the impairment testing date with the Company’s long-term planning and forecasting process. The change in the annual impairment testing date did not delay, accelerate or avoid an impairment charge. The Company has determined this change in accounting principle is preferable and does not result in adjustments to the Company’s financial statements when applied retrospectively. Refer to Note 7, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information regarding the goodwill impairment testing performed in the fourth quarters of fiscal years 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 2014.2016.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are also subject to at least annual impairment testing. Indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of trademarks and tradenames and are tested for impairment using a relief-from-royalty method. A considerable amount of management judgment and assumptions are required in performing the impairment tests.


Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets, including tangible assets and other intangible assets with definitedefinitive lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company conducts its long-lived asset impairment analyses in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, "Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.Assets," ASC 350-30, "General Intangibles Other than Goodwill" and ASC 985-20, "Costs of software to be sold, leased, or marketed." ASC 360-10-15 requires the Company to group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset group is recoverable, an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or appraisals. ASC 350-30 requires intangible assets acquired in a business combination that are used in research and development activities be considered indefinite lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. During the period that those assets are considered indefinite lived, they shall not be amortized but shall be tested for impairment annually and more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. If the carrying amount of an intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an entity shall recognize an impairment loss in an amount equal to that excess. ASC 985-20 requires the unamortized capitalized costs of a computer software product be compared to the net realizable value of that product. The amount by which the unamortized capitalized costs of a computer software product exceed the net realizable value of that asset shall be written off. Refer to Note 17, "Impairment of Long-Lived Assets," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information regarding the impairment testing performed in fiscal years 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 2014.2016.

Employee Benefit Plans

The Company provides a range of benefits to its employees and retired employees, including pensions and postretirement benefits. Plan assets and obligations are measured annually, or more frequently if there is a significant remeasurement event, based on the Company’s measurement date utilizing various actuarial assumptions such as discount rates, assumed rates of return, compensation increases, turnover rates and health care cost trend rates as of that date. The Company reviews its actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and makes modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends when appropriate.

The Company utilizes a mark-to-market approach for recognizing pension and postretirement benefit expenses, including measuring the market related value of plan assets at fair value and recognizing actuarial gains and losses in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or at the date of a remeasurement event. Refer to Note 15, "Retirement Plans," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosure of the Company's pension and postretirement benefit plans.

U.S. GAAP requires that companies recognize in the statement of financial position a liability for defined benefit pension and postretirement plans that are underfunded or unfunded, or an asset for defined benefit pension and postretirement plans that are overfunded. U.S. GAAP also requires that companies measure the benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets that determine a benefit plan’s funded status as of the date of the employer’s fiscal year end.

The Company considers the expected benefit payments on a plan-by-plan basis when setting assumed discount rates. As a result, the Company uses different discount rates for each plan depending on the plan jurisdiction, the demographics of participants and the expected timing of benefit payments. For the U.S. pension and postretirement plans, the Company uses a discount rate provided by an independent third party calculated based on an appropriate mix of high quality bonds. For the non-U.S. pension and postretirement plans, the Company consistently uses the relevant country specific benchmark indices for determining the various discount rates. The Company’s weighted average discount rate on U.S. pension plans was 3.70%4.10% and 4.40%3.80% at September 30, 20162018 and 2015,2017, respectively. The Company’s weighted average discount rate on postretirement plans was 3.30%3.80% and 3.75%3.70% at September 30, 20162018 and 2015,2017, respectively. The Company’s weighted average discount rate on non-U.S. pension plans was 1.90%2.45% and 3.15%2.40% at September 30, 20162018 and 20152017, respectively.

At September 30, 2015, the Company changed the method used to estimate the service and interest components of net periodic benefit cost for pension and other postretirement benefits for plans that utilize a yield curve approach. This change compared to the previous method will result in different service and interest components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) in future periods. Historically, the Company estimated these service and interest cost components utilizing a single weighted-average discount rate derived from the yield curve used to measure the benefit obligation at the beginning of the period. The Company elected to utilize a full yield curve approach in the estimation of these components by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve used in the determination of the benefit obligation to the relevant projected cash flows. The Company made this change to provide a more precise measurement of service and interest costs by improving the correlation between projected benefit cash flows to the corresponding spot yield curve rates. This change does not affect the measurement of the total benefit obligations or annual net periodic benefit cost (credit) as the change in the service and interest costs is completely offset in the net actuarial (gain) loss reported. The change in the service and interest costs was not significant. The Company has accounted for this change as a change in accounting estimate.

In estimating the expected return on plan assets, the Company considers the historical returns on plan assets, adjusted for forward-looking considerations, inflation assumptions and the impact of the active management of the plans’ invested assets. Reflecting the relatively long-term nature of the plans’ obligations, approximately 47%35% of the plans’ assets are invested in fixed incomeequity securities and 41%56% in equityfixed income securities, with the remainder primarily invested in alternative investments. For the years ending September 30, 20162018 and 20152017, the Company’s expected long-term return on U.S. pension plan assets used to determine net periodic benefit cost was 7.50%. The actual rate of return on U.S. pension plans was below 7.50% in fiscal year 2018 and above 7.50% in fiscal 2016 and was below 7.50% in

fiscal 2015.year 2017. For the years ending September 30, 20162018 and 2015,2017, the Company’s weighted average expected long-term return on non-U.S. pension plan assets was 4.50%.5.35% and 4.60%, respectively. The actual rate of return on non-U.S. pension plans was above 4.50%below 5.35% in fiscal 2016year 2018 and approximated 4.50%above 4.60% in 2015.fiscal year 2017. For the years ending September 30, 20162018 and 2015,2017, the Company’s weighted average expected long-term return on postretirement plan assets was 5.45%5.65% and 5.75%5.60%, respectively. The actual rate of return on postretirement plan assets was above 5.45%below 5.65% in fiscal 2016year 2018 and was below 5.75%above 5.60% in fiscal 2015.year 2017.

Beginning in fiscal 20172019, the Company believes the long-term rate of return will approximate 7.50%7.10%, 3.40%5.20% and 5.60%5.65% for U.S. pension, non-U.S. pension and postretirement plans, respectively. Any differences between actual investment results and the expected long-term asset returns will be reflected in net periodic benefit costs in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year.year or at the date of a significant remeasurement event. If the Company’s actual returns on plan assets are less than the Company’s expectations, additional contributions may be required.

In fiscal 2016,2018, total employer contributions to the defined benefit pension plans were $136$53 million, of which $34$18 million were voluntary contributions made by the Company. The Company expects to contribute approximately $326$85 million in cash to its defined benefit pension plans in fiscal 2017including $247 million due to change-in-control provisions triggered by the Tyco merger.2019. In fiscal 2016,2018, total employer and employee contributions to the postretirement plans were $7$4 million. The Company expects to contribute approximately $4$15 million in cash to its postretirement plans in fiscal 2017.2019.

Based on information provided by its independent actuaries and other relevant sources, the Company believes that the assumptions used are reasonable; however, changes in these assumptions could impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Loss Contingencies

Accruals are recorded for various contingencies including legal proceedings, environmental matters, self-insurance and other claims that arise in the normal course of business. The accruals are based on judgment, the probability of losses and, where applicable, the consideration of opinions of internal and/or external legal counsel and actuarially determined estimates. Additionally, the Company records receivables from third party insurers when recovery has been determined to be probable.

The Company is subject to laws and regulations relating to protecting the environment. The Company provides for expenses associated with environmental remediation obligations when such amounts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Refer to Note 23,22, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

The Company records liabilities for its workers' compensation, product, general and auto liabilities. The determination of these liabilities and related expenses is dependent on claims experience. For most of these liabilities, claims incurred but not yet reported are estimated by utilizing actuarial valuations based upon historical claims experience. The Company records receivables from third party insurers when recovery has been determined to be probable. The Company maintains captive insurance companies to manage its insurable liabilities.

Asbestos-Related Contingencies and Insurance Receivables

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries along with numerous other companies are named as defendants in personal injury lawsuits based on alleged exposure to asbestos-containing materials. The Company's estimate of the liability and corresponding insurance recovery for pending and future claims and defense costs is based on the Company's historical claim experience, and estimates of the number and resolution cost of potential future claims that may be filed and is discounted to present value from 20692068 (which is the Company's reasonable best estimate of the actuarially determined time period through which asbestos-related claims will be filed against Company affiliates). Asbestos related defense costs are included in the asbestos liability. The Company's legal strategy for resolving claims also impacts these estimates. The Company considers various trends and developments in evaluating the period of time (the look-back period) over which historical claim and settlement experience is used to estimate and value claims reasonably projected to be made through 2069.2068. Annually, the Company assesses the sufficiency of its estimated liability for pending and future claims and defense costs by evaluating actual experience regarding claims filed, settled and dismissed, and amounts paid in settlements. In addition to claims and settlement experience, the Company considers additional quantitative and qualitative factors such as changes in legislation, the legal environment, and the Company's defense strategy. The Company also evaluates the recoverability of its insurance receivable on an annual basis. The Company evaluates all of these factors and determines whether a change in the estimate of its liability for pending and future claims and defense costs or insurance receivable is warranted.

In connection with the recognition of liabilities for asbestos-related matters, the Company records asbestos-related insurance recoveries that are probable. The Company's estimate of asbestos-related insurance recoveries represents estimated amounts due to the Company for previously paid and settled claims and the probable reimbursements relating to its estimated liability for pending and future claims discounted to present value. In determining the amount of insurance recoverable, the Company considers available

insurance, allocation methodologies, solvency and creditworthiness of the insurers. Refer to Note 23,22, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for a discussion on management's judgments applied in the recognition and measurement of asbestos-related assets and liabilities.

Product Warranties

The Company offers warranties to its customers depending upon the specific product and terms of the customer purchase agreement. A typical warranty program requires that the Company replace defective products within a specified time period from the date of sale. The Company records an estimate of future warranty-related costs based on actual historical return rates and other known factors. Based on analysis of return rates and other factors, the Company’s warranty provisions are adjusted as necessary. At September 30, 20162018, the Company had recorded $396$392 million of warranty reserves for continuing operations, including extended warranties for which deferred revenue is recorded. The Company monitors its warranty activity and adjusts its reserve estimates when it is probable that future warranty costs will be different than those estimates. Refer to Note 21, "Guarantees," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosure of the Company's product warranty liabilities.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, "Income Taxes." Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and other loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company records a valuation allowance that primarily represents non-U.S. operating and other loss carryforwards for which realization is uncertain. Management judgment is required in determining the Company’s provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and the valuation allowance recorded against the Company’s net deferred tax assets. In calculating the provision for income taxes on an interim basis, the Company uses an estimate of the annual effective tax rate based upon the facts and circumstances known at each interim period. On a quarterly basis, the actual effective tax rate is adjusted as appropriate based upon the actual results as compared to those forecasted at the beginning of the fiscal year.

The Company reviews the realizability of its deferred tax asset valuation allowances on a quarterly basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a review is required. In determining the requirement for a valuation allowance, the historical and projected financial results of the legal entity or consolidated group recording the net deferred tax asset are considered, along with any other positive or negative evidence. Since future financial results may differ from previous estimates, periodic adjustments to the Company’s valuation allowances may be necessary. At September 30, 2016,2018, the Company had a valuation allowance of $3,564 million,$5.2 billion for continuing operations, of which $3,067 million$4.5 billion relates to net operating loss carryforwards primarily in Australia, Belgium, Brazil, China, France, Luxembourg, Spain, Switzerland Luxembourg and the United Kingdom for which sustainable taxable income has not been demonstrated; and $497$700 million for other deferred tax assets.

The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous non-U.S. jurisdictions. Judgment is required in determining its worldwide provision for income taxes and recording the related assets and liabilities. In the ordinary course of the Company’s business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Company is regularly under audit by tax authorities. At September 30, 2016,2018, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits of $1,836 million.$2.4 billion.

The Company does not generally provide additional U.S. or non-U.S. income taxes on outside basis differences of consolidated subsidiaries included in shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls.Controls International plc, except in limited circumstances including anticipated taxation on planned divestitures.  The reduction of the outside basis differences via the sale or liquidation of these subsidiaries and/or distributions could create taxable income.  The Company’s intent is to reduce the outside basis differences only when it would be tax efficient.  Refer to "Capitalization" within the "Liquidity and Capital Resources" section for discussion of U.S. and non-U.S. cash projections.

Refer to Note 18, "Income Taxes," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for the Company's income tax disclosures.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Recently AdoptedRefer to the "New Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet ClassificationPronouncements" section within Note 1, "Summary of Deferred Taxes." ASU No. 2015-17 requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in the consolidated statements of financial position. During the quarter ended December 31, 2015, the Company early adopted ASU No. 2015-17 and applied the change retrospectively to all periods presented.


In April 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-08, "Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property, Plant and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity." ASU No. 2014-08 limits discontinued operations reporting to situations where the disposal represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results, and requires expanded disclosures for discontinued operations. ASU No. 2014-08 was effective for the Company for the quarter ended December 31, 2015. The adoption of this guidance did not have any impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements as there were no dispositions or disposals during the quarter ended December 31, 2015.

Recently IssuedSignificant Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-17, "Consolidations (Topic 810): Interests Held through Related Parties that are under Common Control.Policies," The ASU changes how a single decision maker of a variable interest entity (VIE) that holds indirect interest in the entity through related parties that are under common control determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The new guidance amends ASU 2015-02, "Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendmentsnotes to the Consolidation Analysis" issued in February 2015. The guidance should be applied coincidentally with the adoption of ASU 2015-02, which is effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2016. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, "Accounting for Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Asset Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory". The ASU requires the tax effects of all intra-entity sales of assets other than inventory to be recognized in the period in which the transaction occurs. The guidance will be effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018 with early adoption permitted but only in the first interim period of a fiscal year. The changes are required to be applied by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded in retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company is currently assessing the impact adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments." ASU No. 2016-15 provides clarification guidance on eight specific cash flow presentation issues in order to reduce the diversity in practice. ASU No. 2016-15 will be effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The guidance should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented, unless deem impracticable, in which case prospective application is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments." ASU No. 2016-13 changes the impairment model for financial assets measured at amortized cost, requiring presentation at the net amount expected to be collected. The measurement of expected credit losses is based upon historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses will now be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. ASU No. 2016-13 will be effective for the Company for the quarter ended December 31, 2020, with early adoption permitted for the quarter ended December 31, 2019. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." ASU No. 2016-09 impacts certain aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statements of cash flows. ASU No. 2016-09 will be effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-07, "Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting." ASU No. 2016-07 eliminates the requirement for an investment that qualifies for the use of the equity method of accounting as a result of an increase in the level of ownership or degree of influence to adjust the investment, results of operations and retained earnings retrospectively. ASU No. 2016-07 will be effective prospectively for the Company for increases in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence that result in the adoption of the equity method that occur during or after the quarter ending December 31, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The impact of this guidance for the Company is dependent on any future increases in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence that result in the adoption of the equity method.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)." ASU No. 2016-02 requires recognition of operating leases as lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet, and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. ASU No.

2016-02 will be effective retrospectively for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, "Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities." ASU No. 2016-01 amends certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. ASU No. 2016-01 will be effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018, and early adoption is not permitted, with certain exceptions. The changes are required to be applied by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment on the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company is currently assessing the impact adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, "Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory." ASU No. 2015-11 requires inventory that is recorded using the first-in, first-out method to be measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. ASU No. 2015-11 will be effective prospectively for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-07, "Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent)." ASU No. 2015-07 removes the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments for which fair value is measured using the net asset value per share practical expedient. Such investments should be disclosed separate from the fair value hierarchy. ASU No. 2015-07 will be effective retrospectively for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements but will impact pension asset disclosures.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, "Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs." ASU No. 2015-03 requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability. ASU No. 2015-03 will be effective retrospectively for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, "Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis." ASU No. 2015-02 amends the analysis performed to determine whether a reporting entity should consolidate certain types of legal entities. The ASU No. 2015-02 was amended by ASU No. 2016-17, "Consolidations (Topic 810): Interests Held through Related Parties that are under Common Control," issued in October 2016. ASU No. 2015-02 will be effective retrospectively for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)." ASU No. 2014-09 clarifies the principles for recognizing revenue when an entity either enters into a contract with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into a contract for the transfer of non-financial assets. The original standard was effective retrospectively for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2017; however in August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date," which defers the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 by one-year for all entities. The new standard will become effective retrospectively for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018, with early adoption permitted, but not before the original effective date. Additionally, in March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)," in April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing," and in May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients," all of which provide additional clarification on certain topics addressed in ASU No. 2014-09. ASU No. 2016-08, ASU No. 2016-10 and ASU No. 2016-12 follow the same implementation guidelines as ASU No. 2014-09 and ASU No. 2015-14. The Company is currently assessing the impact adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

RISK MANAGEMENT

The Company selectively uses derivative instruments to reduce market risk associated with changes in foreign currency, commodities, interest rates and stock-based compensation. All hedging transactions are authorized and executed pursuant to clearly defined policies and procedures, which strictly prohibit the use of financial instruments for speculative purposes. At the inception of the hedge, the Company assesses the effectiveness of the hedge instrument and designates the hedge instrument as either (1) a hedge of a recognized asset or liability or of a recognized firm commitment (a fair value hedge), (2) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to an unrecognized asset or liability (a cash flow hedge) or (3) a hedge of a net investment in a non-U.S. operation (a net investment hedge). The Company performs hedge effectiveness

testing on an ongoing basis depending on the type of hedging instrument used. All other derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815, "Derivatives and Hedging," are revalued in the consolidated statements of income.

For all foreign currency derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, retrospective effectiveness is tested on a monthly basis using a cumulative dollar offset test. The fair value of the hedged exposures and the fair value of the hedge instruments are revalued, and the ratio of the cumulative sum of the periodic changes in the value of the hedge instruments to the cumulative sum of the periodic changes in the value of the hedge is calculated. The hedge is deemed as highly effective if the ratio is between 80% and 125%. For commodity derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges, effectiveness is tested using a regression calculation. Ineffectiveness is minimal as the Company aligns most of the critical terms of its derivatives with the supply contracts.

For net investment hedges, the Company assesses its net investment positions in the non-U.S. operations and compares it with the outstanding net investment hedges on a quarterly basis. The hedge is deemed effective if the aggregate outstanding principal of the hedge instruments designated as the net investment hedge in a non-U.S. operation does not exceed the Company’s net investment positions in the respective non-U.S. operation.

The Company selectively uses interest rate swaps to reduce market risk associated with changes in interest rates for its fixed-rate bonds. At September 30, 2016, all2018, the Company did not have any outstanding interest rate swaps qualify for the long-haul method.swaps. The Company assesses retrospective and prospective effectiveness and records any measured ineffectiveness in the consolidated statements of income on a monthly basis.

Equity swaps and any other derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815 require no assessment of effectiveness.

A discussion of the Company’s accounting policies for derivative financial instruments is included in Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements, and further disclosure relating to derivatives and hedging activities is included in Note 10, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," and Note 11, "Fair Value Measurements," of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

Foreign Exchange

The Company has manufacturing, sales and distribution facilities around the world and thus makes investments and enters into transactions denominated in various foreign currencies. In order to maintain strict control and achieve the benefits of the Company’s global diversification, foreign exchange exposures for each currency are netted internally so that only its net foreign exchange exposures are, as appropriate, hedged with financial instruments.

The Company hedges 70% to 90% of the nominal amount of each of its known foreign exchange transactional exposures. The Company primarily enters into foreign currency exchange contracts to reduce the earnings and cash flow impact of the variation of non-functional currency denominated receivables and payables. Gains and losses resulting from hedging instruments offset the foreign exchange gains or losses on the underlying assets and liabilities being hedged. The maturities of the forward exchange contracts generally coincide with the settlement dates of the related transactions. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on these contracts are recognized in the same period as gains and losses on the hedged items. The Company also selectively hedges anticipated transactions that are subject to foreign exchange exposure, primarily with foreign currency exchange contracts, which are designated as cash flow hedges in accordance with ASC 815.

The Company hadhas entered into cross-currency interest rate swaps and foreign currency denominated debt obligations to selectively hedge portions of its net investment in non-U.S. subsidiaries. The currency effects of the cross-currency interest rate swaps and debt obligations are reflected in the AOCIaccumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") account within shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls ordinary shareholders where they offset gains and losses recorded on the Company’s net investments globally.

At September 30, 20162018 and 2015,2017, the Company estimates that an unfavorable 10% change in the exchange rates would have decreased net unrealized gains by approximately $297$212 million and $234$330 million, respectively.

Interest Rates

TheFrom time to time, the Company usesmay use interest rate swaps to offset its exposure to interest rate movements. In accordance with ASC 815, these outstanding swaps qualify and are designated as fair value hedges. The Company had eightno outstanding interest rate swaps totaling $850 million outstanding at September 30, 20162018 and twelve interest rates swaps totaling $1.7 billion outstanding at September 30, 2015.2017, respectively. A 10% increase in the average cost of the Company’s variable rate debt would have resulted in an unfavorable change in pre-tax interest expense of approximately $11$5 million and $6$13 million for the year ended September 30, 20162018 and 2015,2017, respectively.

Commodities

The Company uses commodity hedge contracts in the financial derivatives market in cases where commodity price risk cannot be naturally offset or hedged through supply base fixed price contracts. Commodity risks are systematically managed pursuant to policy guidelines. As a cash flow hedge, gains and losses resulting from the hedging instruments offset the gains or losses on purchases of the underlying commodities that will be used in the business. The maturities of the commodity hedge contracts coincide with the expected purchase of the commodities.

ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH AND SAFETY AND OTHER MATTERS

The Company’s global operations are governed by environmental laws and worker safety laws. Under various circumstances, these laws impose civil and criminal penalties and fines, as well as injunctive and remedial relief, for noncompliance and require remediation at sites where Company-related substances have been released into the environment.

The Company has expended substantial resources globally, both financial and managerial, to comply with applicable environmental laws and worker safety laws and to protect the environment and workers. The Company believes it is in substantial compliance with such laws and maintains procedures designed to foster and ensure compliance. However, the Company has been, and in the future may become, the subject of formal or informal enforcement actions or proceedings regarding noncompliance with such laws or the remediation of Company-related substances released into the environment. Such matters typically are resolved with regulatory authorities through commitments to compliance, abatement or remediation programs and in some cases payment of penalties. Historically, neither such commitments nor penalties imposed on the Company have been material.

The Company accrues for potential environmental liabilities when it is probable a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability is reasonably estimable. As of September 30, 2016, reserves for environmental liabilities totaled $55 million, of which $15 million was recorded within other current liabilities and $40 million was recorded within other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position. The Company’s environmental liabilities do not take into consideration any possible recoveries of future insurance proceeds. Because of the uncertainties associated with environmental remediation activities at sites where the Company may be potentially liable, future expenses to remediate identified sites could be considerably higher than the accrued liability. However, while neither the timing nor the amount of ultimate costs associated with known environmental remediation matters can be determined at this time, the Company does not expect that these matters will have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, the Company has identified asset retirement obligations for environmental matters that are expected to be addressed at the retirement, disposal, removal or abandonment of existing owned facilities, primarily in the Power Solutions and Buildings businesses. At September 30, 2016, the Company recorded conditional asset retirement obligations of $74 million.

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries, along with numerous other third parties, are named as defendants in personal injury lawsuits based on alleged exposure to asbestos containing materials. These cases have typically involved product liability claims based primarily on allegations of manufacture, sale or distribution of industrial products that either contained asbestos or were used with asbestos containing components. As of September 30, 2016, the Company's estimated asbestos related net liability recorded on a discounted basis within the Company's consolidated statements of financial position is $148 million. The net liability within the consolidated statements of financial position is comprised of a liability for pending and future claims and related defense costs of $548 million, of which $35 million is recorded in other current liabilities and $513 million is recorded in other noncurrent liabilities. The Company also maintains separate cash, investments and receivables related to insurance recoveries within the consolidated statements of financial position of $400 million, of which $41 million is recorded in other current assets, and $359 million is recorded in other noncurrent assets. Assets include $16 million of cash and $264 million of investments, which have all been designated as restricted. In connection with the recognition of liabilities for asbestos-related matters, the Company records asbestos-related insurance recoveries that are probable, the amount of such recoveries recorded at September 30, 2016 is $120 million. The Company believes that the asbestos related liabilities and insurance related receivables recorded as of September 30, 2016 are appropriate. The assets recorded in fiscal 2016 were as a result of assets acquired as part of the Tyco merger.

The Company records liabilities for its workers' compensation, product, general and auto liabilities. The determination of these liabilities and related expenses is dependent on claims experience. For most of these liabilities, claims incurred but not yet reported are estimated by utilizing actuarial valuations based upon historical claims experience. At September 30, 2016, the insurable liabilities totaled $473 million, of which $70 million was recorded within other current liabilities, $36 million was recorded within accrued compensation and benefits, and $367 million was recorded within other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position. The Company records receivables from third party insurers when recovery has been determined to be probable. The Company maintains captive insurance companies to manage certain of its insurable liabilities.


The Company is involved in various lawsuits, claims and proceedings incident to the operation of its businesses, including those pertaining to product liability, environmental, safety and health, intellectual property, employment, commercial and contractual matters, and various other casualty matters. Although the outcome of litigation cannot be predicted with certainty and some lawsuits, claims or proceedings may be disposed of unfavorably to us, it is management’s opinion that none of these will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Costs related to such matters were not material to the periods presented. Refer to Note 23,22, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information.


QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA

(in millions, except per share data)
(quarterly amounts unaudited)
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
Full
Year
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
Full
Year
                  
2016         
2018         
Net sales$8,929
 $9,031
 $9,516
 $10,198
 $37,674
$7,435
 $7,475
 $8,120
 $8,370
 $31,400
Gross profit1,633
 1,729
 1,887
 2,065
 7,314
2,169
 2,220
 2,472
 2,519
 9,380
Net income (loss) (1)490
 (469) 459
 (1,132) (652)
Net income (1)271
 483
 804
 825
 2,383
Net income attributable to Johnson Controls230
 438
 723
 771
 2,162
Earnings per share (2)         
Basic0.25
 0.47
 0.78
 0.83
 2.34
Diluted0.25
 0.47
 0.78
 0.83
 2.32
         
2017         
Net sales$7,086
 $7,267
 $7,683
 $8,136
 $30,172
Gross profit2,114
 2,281
 2,431
 2,513
 9,339
Net income (loss) (3)378
 (115) 629
 927
 1,819
Net income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls450
 (530) 383
 (1,171) (868)329
 (148) 555
 875
 1,611
Earnings (loss) per share (2)                  
Basic0.69
 (0.82) 0.59
 (1.61) (1.30)0.35
 (0.16) 0.59
 0.94
 1.72
Diluted0.69
 (0.82) 0.59
 (1.61) (1.30)0.35
 (0.16) 0.59
 0.93
 1.71
         
2015         
Net sales$9,624
 $9,198
 $9,608
 $8,749
 $37,179
Gross profit1,609
 1,573
 1,706
 1,559
 6,447
Net income (3)546
 557
 207
 369
 1,679
Net income attributable to Johnson Controls507
 529
 178
 349
 1,563
Earnings per share (4)         
Basic0.77
 0.81
 0.27
 0.54
 2.39
Diluted0.76
 0.80
 0.27
 0.53
 2.36
 
(1)The fiscal 20162018 first quarter net income includes $101a $114 million for transaction, integration and separation costs. The fiscal 2016 second quarter net loss includes $229gain on sale of Scott Safety, $158 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs, and $131$50 million forof transaction integration and separationintegration costs. The fiscal 20162018 second quarter net income includes $64 million of transaction and integration costs. The fiscal 2018 third quarter net income includes $167 million for transaction, integration, and separation costs, and $102$51 million of significant restructuringtransaction and impairmentintegration costs. The fiscal 20162018 fourth quarter net lossincome includes $514$10 million of net mark-to-market and settlement lossesgains on pension and postretirement plans, $296$105 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs, and $293$69 million forof transaction integration and separationintegration costs. The preceding amounts are stated on a pre-tax and pre-noncontrolling interest impact basis.

(2)Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share will not cross-foot due to the impact of the Tyco merger on the weighted-average shares included within the earnings per share calculation.

(3)The fiscal 2015 first quarter net income includes $20 million for transaction and integration costs. The fiscal 2015 second quarter net income includes $28 million for transaction and integration costs, and a $200 million gain on divestiture of two GWS joint ventures within discontinued operations. The fiscal 2015 third quarter net income includes $48 million for transaction, integration, and separation costs. The fiscal 2015 fourth quarter net income includes $422 million of net mark-to-market losses on pension and postretirement plans, $397 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs, a $145 million gain on divestiture of the Interiors business, $82 million for transaction, integration and separation costs, and a $940 million gain on the divestiture of GWS within discontinued operations. The preceding amounts are stated on a pre-tax basis.

(4)Due to the use of the weighted-average shares outstanding for each quarter for computing earnings per share, the sum of the quarterly per share amounts may not equal the per share amount for the year.

(3)The fiscal 2017 first quarter net income includes $117 million of mark-to-market gains on pension plans, $78 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs, and $213 million of transaction, integration and separation costs. The fiscal 2017 second quarter net loss includes $18 million of mark-to-market gains on pension plans, $99 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs, and $138 million of transaction and integration costs. The fiscal 2017 third quarter net income includes $45 million of mark-to-market losses on pension plans, $49 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs, and $70 million of transaction and integration costs The fiscal 2017 fourth quarter net income includes $330 million of net mark-to-market gains on pension and postretirement plans, $141 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs, $90 million of integration costs and $50 million for an unfavorable arbitration award. The preceding amounts are stated on a pre-tax and pre-noncontrolling interest impact basis and include both continuing and discontinued operations activity.


ITEM 7AQUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

See "Risk Management" included in Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.


ITEM 8FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 Page
  
  
  
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended September 30, 2016, 20152018, 2017
   and 20142016
  
  
  
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity Attributable to Johnson Controls Ordinary Shareholders
   for the years ended September 30, 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 20142016
  
  
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016

pwc0314a01a14.jpg


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Johnson Controls International plc

In our opinion,Opinions on the consolidated financial statements listed inFinancial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying index present fairly, in all material respects, theconsolidated statements of financial position of Johnson Controls International plc and its subsidiaries at(the “Company”)as of September 30, 2016 2018and 2015, 2017,and the resultsrelated consolidated statements of theiroperationsincome, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls ordinary shareholders, and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 20162018, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”).We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework(2013)issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidatedfinancial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2018and 2017, and the results of theiroperations and theircash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2018 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying indexpresents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidatedfinancial statements. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2016,2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework(2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, and financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management'sManagement’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these the Company’s consolidatedfinancial statements on the financial statement schedule, and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidatedfinancial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidatedfinancial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidatedfinancial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence supportingregarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidatedfinancial statements, assessingstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, andas well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidatedfinancial statement presentation.statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

As discussed in Note 1 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it classifies deferred taxes in fiscal 2016.Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally

accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.








As described in Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management has excluded the operations of the Tyco business from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2016 given that the acquisition date of Tyco was September 2, 2016. We have also excluded the Tyco business from our audit of internal control over financial reporting. The Tyco business is a wholly-owned subsidiary whose total assets and total revenues represent approximately 44 percent and less than 2 percent, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended September 30, 2016.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
November 23, 201620, 2018





We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1957.


Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Income
Year Ended September 30,Year Ended September 30,
(in millions, except per share data)2016 2015 20142018 2017 2016
Net sales          
Products and systems*$33,635
 $33,513
 $34,978
$25,332
 $24,099
 $18,084
Services*4,039
 3,666
 3,771
6,068
 6,073
 2,753
37,674
 37,179
 38,749
31,400
 30,172
 20,837
Cost of sales          
Products and systems*27,625
 28,214
 29,910
18,602
 17,220
 13,323
Services*2,735
 2,518
 2,534
3,418
 3,613
 1,860
30,360
 30,732
 32,444
22,020
 20,833
 15,183
          
Gross profit7,314
 6,447
 6,305
9,380
 9,339
 5,654
          
Selling, general and administrative expenses(5,325) (3,986) (4,216)(6,010) (6,158) (4,190)
Restructuring and impairment costs(620) (397) (324)(263) (367) (288)
Net financing charges(314) (288) (244)(441) (496) (289)
Equity income531
 375
 395
235
 240
 174
          
Income from continuing operations before income taxes1,586
 2,151
 1,916
2,901
 2,558
 1,061
          
Income tax provision2,238
 600
 407
518
 705
 197
          
Income (loss) from continuing operations(652) 1,551
 1,509
Income from continuing operations2,383
 1,853
 864
          
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax (Note 4)
 128
 (166)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax (Note 4)
 (34) (1,516)
          
Net income (loss)(652) 1,679
 1,343
2,383
 1,819
 (652)
          
Income from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests216
 112
 105
221
 199
 132
Income from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests
 4
 23

 9
 84
          
Net income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls$(868) $1,563
 $1,215
$2,162
 $1,611
 $(868)
          
Amounts attributable to Johnson Controls ordinary shareholders:          
Income (loss) from continuing operations$(868) $1,439
 $1,404
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
 124
 (189)
Income from continuing operations$2,162
 $1,654
 $732
Loss from discontinued operations
 (43) (1,600)
Net income (loss)$(868) $1,563
 $1,215
$2,162
 $1,611
 $(868)
          
Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to Johnson Controls          
Continuing operations$(1.30) $2.20
 $2.11
$2.34
 $1.77
 $1.10
Discontinued operations
 0.19
 (0.28)
 (0.05) (2.40)
Net income (loss) **$(1.30) $2.39
 $1.82
Net income (loss)$2.34
 $1.72
 $(1.30)
          
Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Johnson Controls          
Continuing operations$(1.30) $2.18
 $2.08
$2.32
 $1.75
 $1.09
Discontinued operations
 0.19
 (0.28)
 (0.05) (2.38)
Net income (loss)**$(1.30) $2.36
 $1.80
Net income (loss) **$2.32
 $1.71
 $(1.29)
 *Products and systems consist of Automotive Experience, BuildingsBuilding Technologies & Solutions and Power Solutions products and systems. Services are BuildingsBuilding Technologies & Solutions technical services.
**Certain items do not sum due to rounding.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Year Ended September 30,Year Ended September 30,
(in millions)2016 2015 20142018 2017 2016
          
Net income (loss)$(652) $1,679
 $1,343
$2,383
 $1,819
 $(652)
          
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:          
Foreign currency translation adjustments(94) (825) (642)(483) 103
 (94)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives9
 (10) (3)(29) (14) 9
Realized and unrealized losses on marketable common stock(1) 
 (7)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities4
 5
 (1)
Pension and postretirement plans(1) (10) (5)
 
 (1)
          
Other comprehensive loss(87) (845) (657)
Other comprehensive income (loss)(508) 94
 (87)
          
Total comprehensive income (loss)(739) 834
 686
1,875
 1,913
 (739)
          
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests225
 91
 126
186
 203
 225
          
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls$(964) $743
 $560
$1,689
 $1,710
 $(964)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
September 30,September 30,
(in millions, except par value and share data)2016 20152018 2017
      
Assets      
      
Cash and cash equivalents$684
 $597
$200
 $321
Cash in escrow related to Adient debt2,034
 
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful
accounts of $194 and $82, respectively
8,018
 5,751
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful
accounts of $177 and $182, respectively
7,065
 6,666
Inventories3,560
 2,377
3,224
 3,209
Assets held for sale174
 55

 189
Other current assets2,639
 1,689
1,334
 1,907
Current assets17,109
 10,469
11,823
 12,292
      
Property, plant and equipment - net7,872
 5,870
6,171
 6,121
Goodwill23,409
 6,824
19,473
 19,688
Other intangible assets - net7,653
 1,516
6,348
 6,741
Investments in partially-owned affiliates2,735
 2,143
1,301
 1,191
Noncurrent assets held for sale
 1,920
Other noncurrent assets4,475
 2,800
3,681
 3,931
Total assets$63,253
 $29,622
$48,797
 $51,884
      
Liabilities and Equity      
      
Short-term debt$1,119
 $52
$1,315
 $1,214
Current portion of long-term debt628
 813
26
 394
Accounts payable6,764
 5,174
4,644
 4,271
Accrued compensation and benefits1,763
 1,090
1,146
 1,071
Deferred revenue1,326
 1,279
Liabilities held for sale28
 42

 72
Other current liabilities5,991
 3,275
2,793
 3,553
Current liabilities16,293
 10,446
11,250
 11,854
      
Long-term debt14,606
 5,745
9,654
 11,964
Pension and postretirement benefits1,738
 767
717
 947
Noncurrent liabilities held for sale
 173
Other noncurrent liabilities5,292
 1,954
4,718
 5,368
Long-term liabilities21,636
 8,466
15,089
 18,452
      
Commitments and contingencies (Note 23)   
Commitments and contingencies (Note 22)   
      
Redeemable noncontrolling interests234
 212

 211
      
Ordinary shares - par value $0.01, $0.01; 2.0 billion, 1.8 billion shares
authorized; 936,247,911, 717,039,108 shares issued, respectively
9
 7
Ordinary A shares - par value €1.00; 40,000 shares authorized, none outstanding as of
September 30, 2016 and 2015

 
Preferred shares - par value $0.01; 200,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding as of
September 30, 2016 and 2015

 
Ordinary shares held in treasury, at cost (2016 - 452,083; 2015 - 69,671,840 shares)(20) (3,152)
Ordinary shares - par value $0.01, $0.01; 2.0 billion, 2.0 billion shares
authorized; 950,969,965, 945,055,276 shares issued, respectively
10
 9
Ordinary A shares - par value €1.00; 40,000 shares authorized, none outstanding as of
September 30, 2018 and 2017

 
Preferred shares - par value $0.01; 200,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding as of
September 30, 2018 and 2017

 
Ordinary shares held in treasury, at cost (2018 - 25,963,004; 2017 - 17,080,302 shares)(1,053) (710)
Capital in excess of par value16,105
 3,740
16,549
 16,390
Retained earnings9,177
 10,797
6,604
 5,231
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(1,153) (1,057)(946) (473)
Shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls24,118
 10,335
21,164
 20,447
Noncontrolling interests972
 163
1,294
 920
Total equity25,090
 10,498
22,458
 21,367
Total liabilities and equity$63,253
 $29,622
$48,797
 $51,884
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Year Ended September 30,Year Ended September 30,
(in millions)2016 2015 20142018 2017 2016
Operating Activities          
Net income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls$(868) $1,563
 $1,215
$2,162
 $1,611
 $(868)
Income from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests216
 112
 105
221
 199
 132
Income from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests
 4
 23

 9
 84
Net income (loss)(652) 1,679
 1,343
2,383
 1,819
 (652)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash provided by operating activities:          
Depreciation and amortization953
 860
 955
1,085
 1,188
 953
Pension and postretirement benefit expense460
 396
 321
Pension and postretirement benefit expense (income)(156) (568) 460
Pension and postretirement contributions(137) (409) (161)(57) (347) (137)
Equity in earnings of partially-owned affiliates, net of dividends received(250) (144) (153)(166) (181) (250)
Deferred income taxes(1,241) 327
 (329)(636) 1,125
 (1,241)
Non-cash restructuring and impairment charges221
 183
 181
42
 78
 221
Loss (gain) on divestitures - net(26) (1,340) 111
Fair value adjustment of equity investment(4) 
 (38)
Gain on Scott Safety business divestiture(114) 
 
Equity-based compensation142
 90
 82
115
 147
 142
Other5
 (1) (2)
Other - net(48) (12) (25)
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding acquisitions and divestitures:          
Accounts receivable(344) (297) (18)(513) (520) (344)
Inventories1
 (99) (311)(92) (398) 1
Other assets148
 (113) (192)26
 (480) 148
Restructuring reserves141
 (6) (31)(8) 89
 141
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities398
 348
 440
15
 236
 411
Accrued income taxes2,080
 126
 197
637
 (2,145) 2,080
Cash provided by operating activities1,895
 1,600
 2,395
2,513
 31
 1,908
          
Investing Activities          
Capital expenditures(1,249) (1,135) (1,199)(1,030) (1,343) (1,249)
Sale of property, plant and equipment32
 37
 79
48
 33
 32
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired353
 (22) (1,733)(21) (6) 353
Business divestitures32
 1,646
 225
Business divestitures, net of cash divested2,202
 220
 32
Changes in long-term investments(48) (44) 19
11
 (41) (48)
Other(7) (12) 16
Other - net5
 
 (7)
Cash provided (used) by investing activities(887) 470
 (2,593)1,215
 (1,137) (887)
          
Financing Activities          
Increase (decrease) in short-term debt - net556
 (68) 73
Increase in short-term debt - net107
 145
 556
Increase in long-term debt1,501
 299
 2,001
1,136
 1,865
 1,501
Repayment of long-term debt(1,299) (191) (833)(3,729) (1,297) (1,299)
Debt financing costs(45) 
 
(4) (18) (45)
Stock repurchases(501) (1,362) (1,249)(300) (651) (501)
Payment of cash dividends(915) (657) (568)(954) (702) (915)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options70
 275
 186
66
 157
 70
Cash paid to acquire a noncontrolling interest(2) (38) (5)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests(306) (68) (55)(46) (88) (306)
Other8
 (11) 38
Cash used by financing activities(933) (1,821) (412)
Dividend from Adient spin-off
 2,050
 
Cash transferred to Adient related to spin-off
 (665) 
Cash paid to prior acquisitions
 (75) 
Employee equity-based compensation withholding(43) (37) (5)
Other - net15
 14
 (2)
Cash provided (used) by financing activities(3,752) 698
 (946)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents12
 (81) (20)(106) 54
 12
Change in cash held for sale
 20
 (16)9
 96
 (61)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents87
 188
 (646)(121) (258) 26
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period597
 409
 1,055
321
 579
 553
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$684
 $597
 $409
$200
 $321
 $579

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity Attributable to Johnson Controls Ordinary Shareholders
 
(in millions, except per share data)Total 
Ordinary
Shares
 
Capital in
Excess of
Par Value
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Treasury
Stock,
at Cost
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Total 
Ordinary
Shares
 
Capital in
Excess of
Par Value
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Treasury
Stock,
at Cost
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
At September 30, 2013$12,273
 $7
 $3,092
 $9,287
 $(531) $418
Comprehensive income (loss)560
 
 
 1,215
 
 (655)
Cash dividends
Common ($0.88 per share)
(586) 
 
 (586) 
 
Repurchases of common stock(1,249) 
 
 
 (1,249) 
Other, including options exercised272
 
 277
 (1) (4) 
At September 30, 201411,270
 7
 3,369
 9,915
 (1,784) (237)
Comprehensive income (loss)743
 
 
 1,563
 
 (820)
Cash dividends
Common ($1.04 per share)
(681) 
 
 (681) 
 
Repurchases of common stock(1,362) 
 
 
 (1,362) 
Other, including options exercised365
 
 371
 
 (6) 
At September 30, 201510,335
 7
 3,740
 10,797
 (3,152) (1,057)$10,335
 $7
 $3,740
 $10,797
 $(3,152) $(1,057)
Comprehensive loss(964) 
 
 (868) 
 (96)(964) 
 
 (868) 
 (96)
Result of contribution of Johnson Controls,
Inc. to Johnson Controls International plc
15,808
 2
 12,157
 
 3,649
 
15,808
 2
 12,157
 
 3,649
 
Cash dividends
Common ($1.16 per share)
(752) 
 
 (752) 
 
(752) 
 
 (752) 
 
Repurchases of common stock(501) 
 
 
 (501) 
(501) 
 
 
 (501) 
Other, including options exercised192
 
 208
 
 (16) 
192
 
 208
 
 (16) 
At September 30, 2016$24,118
 $9
 $16,105
 $9,177
 $(20) $(1,153)24,118
 9
 16,105
 9,177
 (20) (1,153)
Comprehensive income1,710
 
 
 1,611
 
 99
Cash dividends
Ordinary ($1.00 per share)
(938) 
 
 (938) 
 
Repurchases of ordinary shares(651) 
 
 
 (651) 
Spin-off of Adient(4,038) 
 
 (4,619) 
 581
Other, including options exercised246
 
 285
 
 (39) 
At September 30, 201720,447
 9
 16,390
 5,231
 (710) (473)
Comprehensive income (loss)1,689
 
 
 2,162
 
 (473)
Cash dividends
Ordinary ($1.04 per share)
(968) 
 
 (968) 
 
Repurchases of ordinary shares(300) 
 
 
 (300) 
Adoption of ASU 2016-09179
 
 
 179
 
 
Other, including options exercised117
 1
 159
 
 (43) 
At September 30, 2018$21,164
 $10
 $16,549
 $6,604
 $(1,053) $(946)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

Johnson Controls International plc
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Johnson Controls International plc, a corporation organized under the laws of Ireland, and its subsidiaries (Johnson Controls International plc and all its subsidiaries, hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Company," "Johnson Controls" or "JCI plc").

Nature of Operations

On September 2,Johnson Controls International plc, headquartered in Cork, Ireland, is a global diversified technology and multi industrial leader serving a wide range of customers in more than 150 countries. The Company creates intelligent buildings, efficient energy solutions, integrated infrastructure and next generation transportation systems that work seamlessly together to deliver on the promise of smart cities and communities. The Company is committed to helping our customers win and creating greater value for all of its stakeholders through strategic focus on our buildings and energy growth platforms.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, Johnson Controls, Inc. ("JCI Inc.") and Tyco International plc (“Tyco”("Tyco") completed their combination pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), dated as of January 24, 2016, as amended by Amendment No. 1, dated as of July 1, 2016, by and among JCI Inc., Tyco and certain other parties named therein, including Jagara Merger Sub LLC, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Tyco (“Merger Sub”). Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, on September 2, 2016, Merger Sub merged with and into JCI Inc., with JCI Inc. being the surviving corporation in the merger andmerging with a wholly owned,wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary of Tyco (the “Merger”"Merger"). Following the Merger, Tyco changed its name to “Johnson Controls International plc” and JCI Inc. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Johnson Controls International plc. The Merger changed the jurisdiction of organization from the United States to Ireland. The domicile to Ireland became effective on September 2, 2016.

The merger was accounted for as a reverse acquisition using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 805, "Business Combinations." JCI Inc. was the accounting acquirer for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, the historical consolidated financial statements of JCI Inc. for periods prior to this transaction are considered to be the historic financial statements of the Company.

On October 31, 2016, the Company completed the spin-off of its Automotive Experience business by way of the transfer of the Automotive Experience Business from Johnson Controls to Adient plc and the issuance of ordinary shares of Adient directly to holders of Johnson Controls ordinary shares on a pro rata basis. Prior to the open of business on October 31, 2016, each of the Company's shareholders received one ordinary share of Adient plc for every ten ordinary shares of Johnson Controls held as of the close of business on October 19, 2016, the record date for the distribution. Company shareholders received cash in lieu of fractional shares of Adient, if any. Following the separation and distribution, Adient plc is now an independent public company trading on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "ADNT." The Company did not retain any equity interest in Adient plc. Adient’s historical financial results are reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as a discontinued operation. Refer to Note 2, "Merger Transaction,4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information.

The Building Technologies & Solutions ("Buildings") business is a global market leader in engineering, developing, manufacturing and installing building products and systems around the world, including heating, ventilating, air-conditioning ("HVAC") equipment, HVAC controls, energy-management systems, security systems, fire detection systems and fire suppression solutions. The Buildings business further serves customers by providing technical services (in the HVAC, security and fire-protection space), energy-management consulting and data-driven solutions via its data-enabled business. Finally, the Company has a strong presence in the North American residential air conditioning and heating systems market and is a global market leader in industrial refrigeration products.

The Power Solutions business is a leading global supplier of lead-acid automotive batteries for virtually every type of passenger car, light truck and utility vehicle. The Company serves both automotive original equipment manufacturers and the general vehicle battery aftermarket. The Company also supplies advanced battery technologies to power start-stop, hybrid and electric vehicles.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Johnson Controls International plc., a corporation organized under the laws of Ireland,plc and its subsidiaries (Johnson Controls International plc and all its subsidiaries, hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Company" or "Johnson Controls"). The financial statements have been preparedthat are consolidated in United States dollars ("USD") and in accordanceconformity with accounting principles generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP)of America ("U.S. GAAP"). All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The results of companies acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated financial statements from the effective date of acquisition or up to the date of disposal. Investments in partially-owned affiliates are accounted for by the equity method when the Company’s interest exceeds 20% and the Company does not have a controlling interest.

Under certain criteria as provided for in Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC)("FASB") ASC 810, "Consolidation," the Company may consolidate a partially-owned affiliate. To determine whether to consolidate a partially-owned affiliate, the Company first determines if the entity is a variable interest entity (VIE)("VIE"). An entity is considered to be a VIE if it has one of the following

characteristics: 1) the entity is thinly capitalized; 2) residual equity holders do not control the entity; 3) equity holders are shielded from economic losses or do not participate fully in the entity’s residual economics; or 4) the entity was established with non-substantive voting. If the entity meets one of these characteristics, the Company then determines if it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The party with the power to direct activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the potential to absorb benefits or losses that could be significant to the VIE is considered the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE. If the entity is not considered a VIE, then the Company applies the voting interest model to determine whether or not the Company shall consolidate the partially-owned affiliate.

Consolidated VIEs

Based upon the criteria set forth in ASC 810, the Company has determined that it was not the primary beneficiary in threeany VIEs for the reporting periodsperiod ended September 30, 20162018 and 2015,that it was the primary beneficiary in one VIE for the reporting period ended September 30, 2017, as the Company absorbsabsorbed significant economics of the entitiesentity and hashad the power to direct the activities that are considered most significant to the entities.

Two of the VIEs manufacture products in North America for the automotive industry. The Company funds the entities’ short-term liquidity needs through revolving credit facilities and has the power to direct the activities that are considered most significant to the entities through its key customer supply relationships.entity.

In fiscal 2012, a pre-existing VIE accounted for under the equity method was reorganized into three separate investments as a result of the counterparty exercising its option to put its interest to the Company. The Company acquired additional interests in two of the reorganized group entities. The reorganized group entities are considered to be VIEs as the other owner party has been provided decision making rights but does not have equity at risk. The Company iswas considered the primary beneficiary of one of the entities due to the Company’s power pertaining to decisions over significant activities of the entity. As such, this VIE has been

was consolidated within the Company’s consolidated statements of financial position.position as of September 30, 2017. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, certain joint venture agreements were amended and, as a result, the Company can no longer make key operating decisions considered to be most significant to the VIE. As such, the Company is no longer considered the primary beneficiary of this entity, and the Company deconsolidated the entity during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. The impact of consolidation of the entity on the Company’s consolidated statements of income for the years ended September 30, 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 20142016 was not material.

The carrying amounts and classification of assets (none of which are restricted) and liabilities included in the Company’s consolidated statements of financial position for the consolidated VIE is as follows (in millions):
 September 30,
 2017
Current assets$2
Noncurrent assets53
Total assets$55
  
Current liabilities$6
Noncurrent liabilities42
Total liabilities$48

The Company did not have a significant variable interest in any other consolidated VIEs for the presented reporting periods.

Nonconsolidated VIEs

As mentioned previously within the "Consolidated VIEs" section above, in fiscal 2012, a pre-existing VIE was reorganized into three separate investments as a result of the counterparty exercising its option to put its interest to the Company. The reorganized group entities are considered to be VIEs as the other owner party has been provided decision making rights but does not have equity at risk. The VIEs are named as a co-obligorco-obligors under a third party debt agreement in the amount of $170$155 million, maturing in fiscal 2020, under which ita VIE could become subject to paying more than its allocated share of the third party debt in the event of bankruptcy of one or more of the other co-obligors. The other co-obligors, all related parties in which the Company is an equity investor, consist of the remaining group entities involved in the reorganization. As part of the overall reorganization transaction, the Company has also provided financial support to the group entities in the form of loans totaling $37$38 million, which are subordinate to the third party debt agreement. The Company is a significant customer of certain co-obligors, resulting in a remote possibility of loss. Additionally, the Company is subject to a floor guaranty expiring in fiscal 2022; in the event that the other owner party no longer owns any part of the group entities due to sale or transfer, the Company has guaranteed that the proceeds received from the sale or transfer will not be less than $25 million. The Company has partnered with the group entities to design and manufacture battery components for the Power Solutions business.

The carrying amounts and classification of assets (none of which are restricted) and liabilities included in the Company’s consolidated statements of financial position for the consolidated VIEs are as follows (in millions):
 September 30,
 2016 2015
Current assets$284
 $281
Noncurrent assets98
 128
Total assets$382
 $409
    
Current liabilities$230
 $232
Noncurrent liabilities29
 34
Total liabilities$259
 $266

The Company did not have a significant variable interest in any other consolidated VIEs for the presented reporting periods.

Nonconsolidated VIEs

As mentioned previously within the "Consolidated VIEs" section above, in fiscal 2012, a pre-existing VIE was reorganized into three separate investments as a result of the counterparty exercising its option to put its interest to the Company. The reorganized group entities are considered to be VIEs as the other owner party has been provided decision making rights but does not have equity at risk. The Company is not considered to be the primary beneficiary of three of

the entities as of September 30, 2018 and two of the entities as of September 30, 2017, as the Company cannot make key operating decisions considered to be most significant to the VIEs. Therefore, the entities are accounted for under the equity method of accounting as the Company’s interest exceeds 20% and the Company does not have a controlling interest. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss includes the partially-owned affiliate investment balance of $59$43 million and $62$65 million at September 30, 20162018 and 2015,2017, respectively, as well as the subordinated loan from the Company, third party debt agreement and floor guaranty mentioned previously within the "Consolidated VIEs" section above. Current liabilities due to the VIEs are not material and represent normal course of business trade payables for all presented periods.

The Company did not have a significant variable interest in any other nonconsolidated VIEs for the presented reporting periods.

Use of EstimatesRevenue Recognition

The preparationBuilding Technologies & Solutions business recognizes revenue from certain long-term contracts over the contractual period under the percentage-of-completion ("POC") method of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimatesaccounting. This method of accounting recognizes sales and assumptionsgross profit as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs incurred and total estimated costs at completion. Recognized revenues that affectwill not be billed under the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dateterms of the financial statements andcontract until a later date are recorded primarily in accounts receivable. Likewise, contracts where billings to date have exceeded recognized revenues are recorded primarily in deferred revenue. Changes to the reported amounts of revenues and expensesoriginal estimates may be required during the reporting period. Actuallife of the contract and such estimates are reviewed monthly. Sales and gross profit are adjusted using the cumulative catch-up method for revisions in estimated total contract costs and contract values. Estimated losses are recorded when identified. Claims against customers are recognized as revenue upon settlement. The use of the POC method of accounting involves considerable use of estimates in determining revenues, costs and profits and in assigning the amounts to accounting periods. The periodic reviews have not resulted in adjustments that were significant to the Company’s results could differ from those estimates.of operations. The Company continually evaluates all of the assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent with the application of the POC method of accounting.

Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsThe Building Technologies & Solutions business enters into extended warranties and long-term service and maintenance agreements with certain customers. For these arrangements, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective contract term.

The fair values of cashBuilding Technologies & Solutions business also sells certain heating, ventilating and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, short-term debtair conditioning ("HVAC") and accounts payable approximate their carrying values. See Note 10, "Derivative Instrumentsrefrigeration products and Hedging Activities,"services in bundled arrangements, where multiple products and/or services are involved. Significant deliverables within these arrangements include equipment, commissioning, service labor and Note 11, "Fair Value Measurements,"extended warranties. Approximately four to twelve months separate the timing of the notesfirst deliverable until the last piece of equipment is delivered, and there may be extended warranty arrangements with duration of one to consolidated financial statements for fair value of financial instruments, including derivative instruments, hedging activities and long-term debt.


Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

The Company classifies assets and liabilities (disposal groups) to be sold as held for sale infive years commencing upon the period in which allend of the following criteria are met: management, havingstandard warranty period. In addition, the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the disposal group; the disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to termsBuildings business sells security monitoring systems that are usualmay have multiple elements, including equipment, installation, monitoring services and customary for sales of such disposal groups; an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the disposal group have been initiated; themaintenance agreements. Revenues associated with sale of equipment and related installations are recognized once delivery, installation and customer acceptance is completed, while the disposal grouprevenue for monitoring and maintenance services are recognized as services are rendered. In accordance with ASU No. 2009-13, "Revenue Recognition (Topic 605): Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements - A Consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force," the Company divides bundled arrangements into separate deliverables and revenue is probable,allocated to each deliverable based on the relative selling price method. In order to estimate relative selling price, market data and transfer of the disposal groupprice studies are utilized. Revenue recognized for security monitoring equipment and installation is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year, except if events or circumstances beyond the Company's control extend the period of time required to sell the disposal group beyond one year; the disposal group is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changeslimited to the plan will be madelesser of their allocated amounts under the estimated selling price hierarchy or that the plan will be withdrawn.

The Company initially measures a disposal group that is classified as held for salenon-contingent up-front consideration received at the lowertime of its carrying value or fair value less any costs to sell. Any loss resulting from this measurementinstallation, since collection of future amounts under the arrangement with the customer is recognized incontingent upon the perioddelivery of monitoring and maintenance services. For transactions in which the heldCompany retains ownership of the subscriber system asset, fees for sale criteriamonitoring and maintenance services are met. Conversely, gains are not recognized on a straight-line basis over the sale of a disposal group until the date of sale. The Company assesses the fair value of a disposal group less any costs to sell each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and reports any subsequent changes as an adjustment to the carrying value of the disposal group, as long as the new carrying value does not exceed the carrying value of the disposal group at the time it was initially classified as held for sale.

Upon determining that a disposal group meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, the Company reports the assets and liabilities of the disposal group, if material, in the line items assets held for sale and liabilities held for sale in the consolidated statements of financial position. Refer to Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Cash in Escrow Related to Adient Debt

At September 30, 2016, the Company held restricted cash of $2,034 million related to restricted proceeds deposited into escrow from the issuance of $2,000 million aggregate principal of unsecured, unsubordinated notes by Adient Global Holdings Ltd. ("AGH"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and are expected to be released upon the completion of the Adient spin-off. At September 30, 2015, there was no cash in escrow for this purpose. Approximately $1,500 million of the proceeds will be distributed to the Companycontract term. Non-refundable fees received in connection with the spin-offinitiation of a monitoring contract, along with associated direct and approximately $500 million of the proceeds will be used for Adient's general corporate purposes.

Restricted Cash

At September 30, 2016, the Company held restricted cash of approximately $88 million, of which $79 million was recorded within other current assets in the consolidated statements of financial position and $9 million was recorded within other noncurrent assets in the consolidated statements of financial position. These amounts were primarily related to cash held in escrow from business divestitures and cash restricted for payment of asbestos liabilities. As of September 30, 2015, the Company did not hold a material amount of restricted cash.

Receivables

Receivables consist of amounts billed and currently due from customers and unbilled costs and accrued profits related to revenues on long-term contracts that have been recognized for accounting purposes but not yet billed to customers. The Company extends credit to customers in the normal course of business and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts resulting from the inability or unwillingness of customers to make required payments. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on historical experience, existing economic conditions and any specific customer collection issues the Company has identified. The Company enters into supply chain financing programs to sell certain accounts receivable without recourse to third-party financial institutions. Sales of accounts receivable are reflected as a reduction of accounts receivable on the consolidated statements of financial position and the proceeds are included in cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.  


Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Finished goods and work-in-process inventories include material, labor and manufacturing overhead costs.

Pre-Production Costs Related to Long-Term Supply Arrangements

The Company’s policy for engineering, research and development, and other design and development costs related to products that will be sold under long-term supply arrangements requires such costs to be expensed as incurred or capitalized if reimbursement from the customer is contractually assured. Income related to recovery of these costs is recorded withinincremental selling general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of income. At September 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded within the consolidated statements of financial position approximately $316 million and $299 million, respectively, of engineering and research and development costs for which customer reimbursement is contractually assured. The reimbursable costs, are recorded in other current assets if reimbursement will occur in less than one yeardeferred and in other noncurrent assets if reimbursement will occur beyond one year.

Costs for molds, dies and other tools used to make products that will be sold under long-term supply arrangements are capitalized within property, plant and equipment if the Company has title to the assets or has the non-cancelable right to use the assets during the term of the supply arrangement. Capitalized items, if specifically designed for a supply arrangement, are amortized over the term of the arrangement; otherwise, amounts are amortized over the estimated useful liveslife of the assets. The carrying values of assets capitalized in accordance with the foregoing policy are periodically reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. At September 30, 2016 and 2015, approximately $62 million and $60 million, respectively, of costs for molds, dies andcustomer relationship.

In all other tools were capitalized within property, plant and equipment which represented assets to whichcases, the Company had title. In addition,recognizes revenue at September 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded withintime title passes to the consolidated statements of financial position in other current assets approximately $203 million and $149 million, respectively, of costs for molds, dies and other tools for which customer reimbursement is contractually assured.or as services are performed.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes and accelerated methods for income tax purposes. The estimated useful lives generally range from 3 to 40 years for buildings and improvements, subscriber systems up to 15 years, and from 3 to 15 years for machinery and equipment. The Company capitalizes interest on borrowings during the active construction period of major capital projects. Capitalized interest is added to the cost of the underlying assets and is amortized over the useful lives of the assets.

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Goodwill reflects the cost of an acquisition in excess of the fair values assigned to identifiable net assets acquired. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment during the fourth fiscal quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired. The Company performs impairment reviews for its reporting units, which have been determined to be the Company’s reportable segments or one level below the reportable segments in certain instances, using a fair value method based on management’s judgments and assumptions or third party valuations. The fair value of a reporting unit refers to the price that would be received to sell the unit as a whole in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In estimating the fair value, the Company uses multiples of earnings based on the average of historical, published multiples of earnings of comparable entities with similar operations and economic characteristics.characteristics and applies to the Company's average of historical and future financial results. In certain instances, the Company uses discounted cash flow analyses or estimated sales price to further support the fair value estimates. The inputs utilized in the analyses are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement." The estimated fair value is then compared with the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including recorded goodwill. The Company is subject to financial statement risk to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company changed the date of its annual goodwill impairment test from September 30 to July 31. The change was made to more closely align the impairment testing date with the Company’s long-term planning and forecasting process. The change in the annual impairment testing date did not delay, accelerate or avoid an impairment charge. The Company has determined this change in accounting principle is preferable and does not result in adjustments to the Company’s financial statements when applied retrospectively. Refer to Note 7, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information regarding the goodwill impairment testing performed in the fourth quarters of fiscal years 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 2014.2016.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are also subject to at least annual impairment testing. Indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of trademarks and tradenames and are tested for impairment using a relief-from-royalty method. A considerable amount of management judgment and assumptions are required in performing the impairment tests.


Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipmenttangible assets and other intangible assets with definitedefinitive lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company conducts its long-lived asset impairment analyses in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, "Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.Assets," ASC 350-30, "General Intangibles Other than Goodwill" and ASC 985-20, "Costs of software to be sold, leased, or marketed." ASC 360-10-15 requires the Company to group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset group is recoverable, an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or appraisals. ASC 350-30 requires intangible assets acquired in a business combination that are used in research and development activities be considered indefinite lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. During the period that those assets are considered indefinite lived, they shall not be amortized but shall be tested for impairment annually and more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. If the carrying amount of an intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an entity shall recognize an impairment loss in an amount equal to that excess. ASC 985-20 requires the unamortized capitalized costs of a computer software product be compared to the net realizable value of that product. The amount by which the unamortized capitalized costs of a computer software product exceed the net realizable value of that asset shall be written off. Refer to Note 17, "Impairment of Long-Lived Assets," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information regarding the impairment testing performed in fiscal years 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 2014.2016.

Percentage-of-Completion Contracts
Employee Benefit Plans

The Buildings business records certain long-term contracts under the percentage-of-completion (POC) methodCompany provides a range of accounting. Under this method, salesbenefits to its employees and gross profitretired employees, including pensions and postretirement benefits. Plan assets and obligations are recognized as workmeasured annually, or more frequently if there is performeda significant remeasurement event, based on the relationshipCompany’s measurement date utilizing various actuarial assumptions such as discount rates, assumed rates of return, compensation increases, turnover rates and health care cost trend rates as of that date. The Company reviews its actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and makes modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends when appropriate.

The Company utilizes a mark-to-market approach for recognizing pension and postretirement benefit expenses, including measuring the market related value of plan assets at fair value and recognizing actuarial gains and losses in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or at the date of a remeasurement event. Refer to Note 15, "Retirement Plans," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosure of the Company's pension and postretirement benefit plans.

U.S. GAAP requires that companies recognize in the statement of financial position a liability for defined benefit pension and postretirement plans that are underfunded or unfunded, or an asset for defined benefit pension and postretirement plans that are overfunded. U.S. GAAP also requires that companies measure the benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets that determine a benefit plan’s funded status as of the date of the employer’s fiscal year end.

The Company considers the expected benefit payments on a plan-by-plan basis when setting assumed discount rates. As a result, the Company uses different discount rates for each plan depending on the plan jurisdiction, the demographics of participants and the expected timing of benefit payments. For the U.S. pension and postretirement plans, the Company uses a discount rate provided by an independent third party calculated based on an appropriate mix of high quality bonds. For the non-U.S. pension and postretirement plans, the Company consistently uses the relevant country specific benchmark indices for determining the various discount rates. The Company’s weighted average discount rate on U.S. pension plans was 4.10% and 3.80% at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company’s weighted average discount rate on postretirement plans was 3.80% and 3.70% at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company’s weighted average discount rate on non-U.S. pension plans was 2.45% and 2.40% at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

In estimating the expected return on plan assets, the Company considers the historical returns on plan assets, adjusted for forward-looking considerations, inflation assumptions and the impact of the active management of the plans’ invested assets. Reflecting the relatively long-term nature of the plans’ obligations, approximately 35% of the plans’ assets are invested in equity securities and 56% in fixed income securities, with the remainder primarily invested in alternative investments. For the years ending September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s expected long-term return on U.S. pension plan assets used to determine net periodic benefit cost was 7.50%. The actual rate of return on U.S. pension plans was below 7.50% in fiscal year 2018 and above 7.50% in fiscal year 2017. For the years ending September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s weighted average expected long-term return on non-U.S. pension plan assets was 5.35% and 4.60%, respectively. The actual rate of return on non-U.S. pension plans was below 5.35% in fiscal year 2018 and above 4.60% in fiscal year 2017. For the years ending September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s weighted average expected long-term return on postretirement plan assets was 5.65% and 5.60%, respectively. The actual rate of return on postretirement plan assets was below 5.65% in fiscal year 2018 and above 5.60% in fiscal year 2017.

Beginning in fiscal 2019, the Company believes the long-term rate of return will approximate 7.10%, 5.20% and 5.65% for U.S. pension, non-U.S. pension and postretirement plans, respectively. Any differences between actual investment results and the expected long-term asset returns will be reflected in net periodic benefit costs incurredin the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or at the date of a significant remeasurement event. If the Company’s actual returns on plan assets are less than the Company’s expectations, additional contributions may be required.

In fiscal 2018, total employer contributions to the defined benefit pension plans were $53 million, of which $18 million were voluntary contributions made by the Company. The Company expects to contribute approximately $85 million in cash to its defined benefit pension plans in fiscal 2019. In fiscal 2018, total employer contributions to the postretirement plans were $4 million. The Company expects to contribute approximately $15 million in cash to its postretirement plans in fiscal 2019.

Based on information provided by its independent actuaries and total estimated costs at completion. other relevant sources, the Company believes that the assumptions used are reasonable; however, changes in these assumptions could impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Loss Contingencies

Accruals are recorded for various contingencies including legal proceedings, environmental matters, self-insurance and other claims that arise in the normal course of business. The accruals are based on judgment, the probability of losses and, where applicable, the consideration of opinions of internal and/or external legal counsel and actuarially determined estimates. Additionally, the Company records receivables from third party insurers when recovery has been determined to be probable.

The Company is subject to laws and regulations relating to protecting the environment. The Company provides for expenses associated with environmental remediation obligations when such amounts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Refer to Note 22, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

The Company records liabilities for its workers' compensation, product, general and auto liabilities. The determination of these liabilities and related expenses is dependent on claims experience. For most of these liabilities, claims incurred but not yet reported are estimated by utilizing actuarial valuations based upon historical claims experience. The Company records receivables from third party insurers when recovery has been determined to be probable. The Company maintains captive insurance companies to manage its insurable liabilities.

Asbestos-Related Contingencies and Insurance Receivables

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries along with numerous other companies are named as defendants in personal injury lawsuits based on alleged exposure to asbestos-containing materials. The Company's estimate of the liability and corresponding insurance recovery for pending and future claims and defense costs is based on the Company's historical claim experience, and earningsestimates of the number and resolution cost of potential future claims that may be filed and is discounted to present value from 2068 (which is the Company's reasonable best estimate of the actuarially determined time period through which asbestos-related claims will be filed against Company affiliates). Asbestos related defense costs are included in excessthe asbestos liability. The Company's legal strategy for resolving claims also impacts these estimates. The Company considers various trends and developments in evaluating the period of billingstime (the look-back period) over which historical claim and settlement experience is used to estimate and value claims reasonably projected to be made through 2068. Annually, the Company assesses the sufficiency of its estimated liability for pending and future claims and defense costs by evaluating actual experience regarding claims filed, settled and dismissed, and amounts paid in settlements. In addition to claims and settlement experience, the Company considers additional quantitative and qualitative factors such as changes in legislation, the legal environment, and the Company's defense strategy. The Company also evaluates the recoverability of its insurance receivable on uncompleted contractsan annual basis. The Company evaluates all of these factors and determines whether a change in the estimate of its liability for pending and future claims and defense costs or insurance receivable is warranted.

In connection with the recognition of liabilities for asbestos-related matters, the Company records asbestos-related insurance recoveries that are probable. The Company's estimate of asbestos-related insurance recoveries represents estimated amounts due to the Company for previously paid and settled claims and the probable reimbursements relating to its estimated liability for pending and future claims discounted to present value. In determining the amount of insurance recoverable, the Company considers available insurance, allocation methodologies, solvency and creditworthiness of the insurers. Refer to Note 22, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for a discussion on management's judgments applied in the recognition and measurement of asbestos-related assets and liabilities.

Product Warranties

The Company offers warranties to its customers depending upon the specific product and terms of the customer purchase agreement. A typical warranty program requires that the Company replace defective products within a specified time period from the date of sale. The Company records an estimate of future warranty-related costs based on actual historical return rates and other known factors. Based on analysis of return rates and other factors, the Company’s warranty provisions are adjusted as necessary. At September 30, 2018, the Company had recorded $392 million of warranty reserves for continuing operations, including extended warranties for which deferred revenue is recorded. The Company monitors its warranty activity and adjusts its reserve estimates when it is probable that future warranty costs will be different than those estimates. Refer to Note 21, "Guarantees," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosure of the Company's product warranty liabilities.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, "Income Taxes." Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and other loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company records a valuation allowance that primarily represents non-U.S. operating and other loss carryforwards for which realization is uncertain. Management judgment is required in determining the Company’s provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and the valuation allowance recorded against the Company’s net deferred tax assets. In calculating the provision for income taxes on an interim basis, the Company uses an estimate of the annual effective tax rate based upon the facts and circumstances known at each interim period. On a quarterly basis, the actual effective tax rate is adjusted as appropriate based upon the actual results as compared to those forecasted at the beginning of the fiscal year.

The Company reviews the realizability of its deferred tax asset valuation allowances on a quarterly basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a review is required. In determining the requirement for a valuation allowance, the historical and projected financial results of the legal entity or consolidated group recording the net deferred tax asset are considered, along with any other positive or negative evidence. Since future financial results may differ from previous estimates, periodic adjustments to the Company’s valuation allowances may be necessary. At September 30, 2018, the Company had a valuation allowance of $5.2 billion for continuing operations, of which $4.5 billion relates to net operating loss carryforwards primarily in Australia, Belgium, Brazil, China, France, Luxembourg, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom for which sustainable taxable income has not been demonstrated; and $700 million for other deferred tax assets.

The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous non-U.S. jurisdictions. Judgment is required in determining its worldwide provision for income taxes and recording the related assets and liabilities. In the ordinary course of the Company’s business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Company is regularly under audit by tax authorities. At September 30, 2018, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits of $2.4 billion.

The Company does not generally provide additional U.S. or non-U.S. income taxes on outside basis differences of consolidated subsidiaries included in shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls International plc, except in limited circumstances including anticipated taxation on planned divestitures.  The reduction of the outside basis differences via the sale or liquidation of these subsidiaries and/or distributions could create taxable income.  The Company’s intent is to reduce the outside basis differences only when it would be tax efficient.  Refer to "Capitalization" within accounts receivablethe "Liquidity and billingsCapital Resources" section for discussion of U.S. and non-U.S. cash projections.

Refer to Note 18, "Income Taxes," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for the Company's income tax disclosures.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Refer to the "New Accounting Pronouncements" section within Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

RISK MANAGEMENT

The Company selectively uses derivative instruments to reduce market risk associated with changes in excessforeign currency, commodities, interest rates and stock-based compensation. All hedging transactions are authorized and executed pursuant to clearly defined policies and procedures, which strictly prohibit the use of costsfinancial instruments for speculative purposes. At the inception of the hedge, the Company assesses the effectiveness of the hedge instrument and earningsdesignates the hedge instrument as either (1) a hedge of a recognized asset or liability or of a recognized firm commitment (a fair value hedge), (2) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to an unrecognized asset or liability (a cash flow hedge) or (3) a hedge of a net investment in a non-U.S. operation (a net investment hedge). The Company performs hedge effectiveness testing on uncompleted contracts primarily withinan ongoing basis depending on the type of hedging instrument used. All other current liabilitiesderivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815, "Derivatives and Hedging," are revalued in the consolidated statements of income.

For all foreign currency derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, retrospective effectiveness is tested on a monthly basis using a cumulative dollar offset test. The fair value of the hedged exposures and the fair value of the hedge instruments are revalued, and the ratio of the cumulative sum of the periodic changes in the value of the hedge instruments to the cumulative sum of the periodic changes in the value of the hedge is calculated. The hedge is deemed as highly effective if the ratio is between 80% and 125%. For commodity derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges, effectiveness is tested using a regression calculation. Ineffectiveness is minimal as the Company aligns most of the critical terms of its derivatives with the supply contracts.

For net investment hedges, the Company assesses its net investment positions in the non-U.S. operations and compares it with the outstanding net investment hedges on a quarterly basis. The hedge is deemed effective if the aggregate outstanding principal of the hedge instruments designated as the net investment hedge in a non-U.S. operation does not exceed the Company’s net investment positions in the respective non-U.S. operation.

The Company selectively uses interest rate swaps to reduce market risk associated with changes in interest rates for its fixed-rate bonds. At September 30, 2018, the Company did not have any outstanding interest rate swaps. The Company assesses retrospective and prospective effectiveness and records any measured ineffectiveness in the consolidated statements of income on a monthly basis.

Equity swaps and any other derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815 require no assessment of effectiveness.

A discussion of the Company’s accounting policies for derivative financial position. Costsinstruments is included in Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements, and further disclosure relating to derivatives and hedging activities is included in Note 10, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," and Note 11, "Fair Value Measurements," of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

Foreign Exchange

The Company has manufacturing, sales and distribution facilities around the world and thus makes investments and enters into transactions denominated in various foreign currencies. In order to maintain strict control and achieve the benefits of the Company’s global diversification, foreign exchange exposures for each currency are netted internally so that only its net foreign exchange exposures are, as appropriate, hedged with financial instruments.

The Company hedges 70% to 90% of the nominal amount of each of its known foreign exchange transactional exposures. The Company primarily enters into foreign currency exchange contracts to reduce the earnings in excessand cash flow impact of billingsthe variation of non-functional currency denominated receivables and payables. Gains and losses resulting from hedging instruments offset the foreign exchange gains or losses on the underlying assets and liabilities being hedged. The maturities of the forward exchange contracts generally coincide with the settlement dates of the related totransactions. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on these contracts were $841are recognized in the same period as gains and losses on the hedged items. The Company also selectively hedges anticipated transactions that are subject to foreign exchange exposure, primarily with foreign currency exchange contracts, which are designated as cash flow hedges in accordance with ASC 815.

The Company has entered into foreign currency denominated debt obligations to selectively hedge portions of its net investment in non-U.S. subsidiaries. The currency effects of debt obligations are reflected in the accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") account within shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls ordinary shareholders where they offset gains and losses recorded on the Company’s net investments globally.

At September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company estimates that an unfavorable 10% change in the exchange rates would have decreased net unrealized gains by approximately $212 million and $453$330 million, respectively.

Interest Rates

From time to time, the Company may use interest rate swaps to offset its exposure to interest rate movements. In accordance with ASC 815, these outstanding swaps qualify and are designated as fair value hedges. The Company had no outstanding interest rate swaps at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. A 10% increase in the average cost of the Company’s variable rate debt would have resulted in an unfavorable change in pre-tax interest expense of approximately $5 million and $13 million for the year ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Commodities

The Company uses commodity hedge contracts in the financial derivatives market in cases where commodity price risk cannot be naturally offset or hedged through supply base fixed price contracts. Commodity risks are systematically managed pursuant to policy guidelines. As a cash flow hedge, gains and losses resulting from the hedging instruments offset the gains or losses on purchases of the underlying commodities that will be used in the business. The maturities of the commodity hedge contracts coincide with the expected purchase of the commodities.

ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH AND SAFETY AND OTHER MATTERS

The Company’s global operations are governed by environmental laws and worker safety laws. Under various circumstances, these laws impose civil and criminal penalties and fines, as well as injunctive and remedial relief, for noncompliance and require remediation at sites where Company-related substances have been released into the environment.

The Company has expended substantial resources globally, both financial and managerial, to comply with applicable environmental laws and worker safety laws and to protect the environment and workers. The Company believes it is in substantial compliance with such laws and maintains procedures designed to foster and ensure compliance. However, the Company has been, and in the future may become, the subject of formal or informal enforcement actions or proceedings regarding noncompliance with such laws or the remediation of Company-related substances released into the environment. Such matters typically are resolved with regulatory authorities through commitments to compliance, abatement or remediation programs and in some cases payment of penalties. Historically, neither such commitments nor penalties imposed on the Company have been material.

Refer to Note 22, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information.


QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA

(in millions, except per share data)
(quarterly amounts unaudited)
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
Full
Year
          
2018         
Net sales$7,435
 $7,475
 $8,120
 $8,370
 $31,400
Gross profit2,169
 2,220
 2,472
 2,519
 9,380
Net income (1)271
 483
 804
 825
 2,383
Net income attributable to Johnson Controls230
 438
 723
 771
 2,162
Earnings per share (2)         
Basic0.25
 0.47
 0.78
 0.83
 2.34
Diluted0.25
 0.47
 0.78
 0.83
 2.32
          
2017         
Net sales$7,086
 $7,267
 $7,683
 $8,136
 $30,172
Gross profit2,114
 2,281
 2,431
 2,513
 9,339
Net income (loss) (3)378
 (115) 629
 927
 1,819
Net income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls329
 (148) 555
 875
 1,611
Earnings (loss) per share (2)         
Basic0.35
 (0.16) 0.59
 0.94
 1.72
Diluted0.35
 (0.16) 0.59
 0.93
 1.71
(1)The fiscal 2018 first quarter net income includes a $114 million gain on sale of Scott Safety, $158 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs, and $50 million of transaction and integration costs. The fiscal 2018 second quarter net income includes $64 million of transaction and integration costs. The fiscal 2018 third quarter net income includes $51 million of transaction and integration costs. The fiscal 2018 fourth quarter net income includes $10 million of net mark-to-market gains on pension and postretirement plans, $105 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs, and $69 million of transaction and integration costs. The preceding amounts are stated on a pre-tax and pre-noncontrolling interest impact basis.

(2)Due to the use of the weighted-average shares outstanding for each quarter for computing earnings per share, the sum of the quarterly per share amounts may not equal the per share amount for the year.

(3)The fiscal 2017 first quarter net income includes $117 million of mark-to-market gains on pension plans, $78 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs, and $213 million of transaction, integration and separation costs. The fiscal 2017 second quarter net loss includes $18 million of mark-to-market gains on pension plans, $99 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs, and $138 million of transaction and integration costs. The fiscal 2017 third quarter net income includes $45 million of mark-to-market losses on pension plans, $49 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs, and $70 million of transaction and integration costs The fiscal 2017 fourth quarter net income includes $330 million of net mark-to-market gains on pension and postretirement plans, $141 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs, $90 million of integration costs and $50 million for an unfavorable arbitration award. The preceding amounts are stated on a pre-tax and pre-noncontrolling interest impact basis and include both continuing and discontinued operations activity.

ITEM 7AQUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

See "Risk Management" included in Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.


ITEM 8FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
Page
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017
   and 2016
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity Attributable to Johnson Controls Ordinary Shareholders
   for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016

pwc0314a01a14.jpg


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Johnson Controls International plc

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Johnson Controls International plc and its subsidiaries (the “Company”)as of September 30, 2018and 2017,and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls ordinary shareholders, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2018, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”).We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework(2013)issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidatedfinancial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2018and 2017, and the results of theiroperations and theircash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2018 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework(2013)issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidatedfinancial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidatedfinancial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidatedfinancial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidatedfinancial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidatedfinancial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidatedfinancial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally

accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
November 20, 2018

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1957.


Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Income
 Year Ended September 30,
(in millions, except per share data)2018 2017 2016
Net sales     
Products and systems*$25,332
 $24,099
 $18,084
Services*6,068
 6,073
 2,753
 31,400
 30,172
 20,837
Cost of sales     
Products and systems*18,602
 17,220
 13,323
Services*3,418
 3,613
 1,860
 22,020
 20,833
 15,183
      
Gross profit9,380
 9,339
 5,654
      
Selling, general and administrative expenses(6,010) (6,158) (4,190)
Restructuring and impairment costs(263) (367) (288)
Net financing charges(441) (496) (289)
Equity income235
 240
 174
      
Income from continuing operations before income taxes2,901
 2,558
 1,061
      
Income tax provision518
 705
 197
      
Income from continuing operations2,383
 1,853
 864
      
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax (Note 4)
 (34) (1,516)
      
Net income (loss)2,383
 1,819
 (652)
      
Income from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests221
 199
 132
Income from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests
 9
 84
      
Net income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls$2,162
 $1,611
 $(868)
      
Amounts attributable to Johnson Controls ordinary shareholders:     
Income from continuing operations$2,162
 $1,654
 $732
Loss from discontinued operations
 (43) (1,600)
        Net income (loss)$2,162
 $1,611
 $(868)
      
Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to Johnson Controls     
Continuing operations$2.34
 $1.77
 $1.10
Discontinued operations
 (0.05) (2.40)
        Net income (loss)$2.34
 $1.72
 $(1.30)
      
Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Johnson Controls     
Continuing operations$2.32
 $1.75
 $1.09
Discontinued operations
 (0.05) (2.38)
        Net income (loss) **$2.32
 $1.71
 $(1.29)
 *Products and systems consist of Building Technologies & Solutions and Power Solutions products and systems. Services are Building Technologies & Solutions technical services.
**Certain items do not sum due to rounding.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 Year Ended September 30,
(in millions)2018 2017 2016
      
Net income (loss)$2,383
 $1,819
 $(652)
      
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:     
Foreign currency translation adjustments(483) 103
 (94)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives(29) (14) 9
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities4
 5
 (1)
Pension and postretirement plans
 
 (1)
      
Other comprehensive income (loss)(508) 94
 (87)
      
Total comprehensive income (loss)1,875
 1,913
 (739)
      
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests186
 203
 225
      
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls$1,689
 $1,710
 $(964)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
 September 30,
(in millions, except par value and share data)2018 2017
    
Assets   
    
Cash and cash equivalents$200
 $321
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful
 accounts of $177 and $182, respectively
7,065
 6,666
Inventories3,224
 3,209
Assets held for sale
 189
Other current assets1,334
 1,907
Current assets11,823
 12,292
    
Property, plant and equipment - net6,171
 6,121
Goodwill19,473
 19,688
Other intangible assets - net6,348
 6,741
Investments in partially-owned affiliates1,301
 1,191
Noncurrent assets held for sale
 1,920
Other noncurrent assets3,681
 3,931
Total assets$48,797
 $51,884
    
Liabilities and Equity   
    
Short-term debt$1,315
 $1,214
Current portion of long-term debt26
 394
Accounts payable4,644
 4,271
Accrued compensation and benefits1,146
 1,071
Deferred revenue1,326
 1,279
Liabilities held for sale
 72
Other current liabilities2,793
 3,553
Current liabilities11,250
 11,854
    
Long-term debt9,654
 11,964
Pension and postretirement benefits717
 947
Noncurrent liabilities held for sale
 173
Other noncurrent liabilities4,718
 5,368
Long-term liabilities15,089
 18,452
    
Commitments and contingencies (Note 22)   
    
Redeemable noncontrolling interests
 211
    
Ordinary shares - par value $0.01, $0.01; 2.0 billion, 2.0 billion shares
   authorized; 950,969,965, 945,055,276 shares issued, respectively
10
 9
Ordinary A shares - par value €1.00; 40,000 shares authorized, none outstanding as of
   September 30, 2018 and 2017

 
Preferred shares - par value $0.01; 200,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding as of
   September 30, 2018 and 2017

 
Ordinary shares held in treasury, at cost (2018 - 25,963,004; 2017 - 17,080,302 shares)(1,053) (710)
Capital in excess of par value16,549
 16,390
Retained earnings6,604
 5,231
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(946) (473)
Shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls21,164
 20,447
Noncontrolling interests1,294
 920
Total equity22,458
 21,367
Total liabilities and equity$48,797
 $51,884
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 Year Ended September 30,
(in millions)2018 2017 2016
Operating Activities     
Net income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls$2,162
 $1,611
 $(868)
Income from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests221
 199
 132
Income from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests
 9
 84
Net income (loss)2,383
 1,819
 (652)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash provided by operating activities:     
Depreciation and amortization1,085
 1,188
 953
Pension and postretirement benefit expense (income)(156) (568) 460
Pension and postretirement contributions(57) (347) (137)
Equity in earnings of partially-owned affiliates, net of dividends received(166) (181) (250)
Deferred income taxes(636) 1,125
 (1,241)
Non-cash restructuring and impairment charges42
 78
 221
Gain on Scott Safety business divestiture(114) 
 
Equity-based compensation115
 147
 142
Other - net(48) (12) (25)
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding acquisitions and divestitures:     
Accounts receivable(513) (520) (344)
Inventories(92) (398) 1
Other assets26
 (480) 148
Restructuring reserves(8) 89
 141
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities15
 236
 411
Accrued income taxes637
 (2,145) 2,080
Cash provided by operating activities2,513
 31
 1,908
      
Investing Activities     
Capital expenditures(1,030) (1,343) (1,249)
Sale of property, plant and equipment48
 33
 32
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired(21) (6) 353
Business divestitures, net of cash divested2,202
 220
 32
Changes in long-term investments11
 (41) (48)
Other - net5
 
 (7)
Cash provided (used) by investing activities1,215
 (1,137) (887)
      
Financing Activities     
Increase in short-term debt - net107
 145
 556
Increase in long-term debt1,136
 1,865
 1,501
Repayment of long-term debt(3,729) (1,297) (1,299)
Debt financing costs(4) (18) (45)
Stock repurchases(300) (651) (501)
Payment of cash dividends(954) (702) (915)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options66
 157
 70
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests(46) (88) (306)
Dividend from Adient spin-off
 2,050
 
Cash transferred to Adient related to spin-off
 (665) 
Cash paid to prior acquisitions
 (75) 
Employee equity-based compensation withholding(43) (37) (5)
Other - net15
 14
 (2)
Cash provided (used) by financing activities(3,752) 698
 (946)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(106) 54
 12
Change in cash held for sale9
 96
 (61)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(121) (258) 26
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period321
 579
 553
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$200
 $321
 $579

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity Attributable to Johnson Controls Ordinary Shareholders
(in millions, except per share data)Total 
Ordinary
Shares
 
Capital in
Excess of
Par Value
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Treasury
Stock,
at Cost
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
At September 30, 2015$10,335
 $7
 $3,740
 $10,797
 $(3,152) $(1,057)
Comprehensive loss(964) 
 
 (868) 
 (96)
Result of contribution of Johnson Controls,
Inc. to Johnson Controls International plc
15,808
 2
 12,157
 
 3,649
 
Cash dividends
Common ($1.16 per share)
(752) 
 
 (752) 
 
Repurchases of common stock(501) 
 
 
 (501) 
Other, including options exercised192
 
 208
 
 (16) 
At September 30, 201624,118
 9
 16,105
 9,177
 (20) (1,153)
Comprehensive income1,710
 
 
 1,611
 
 99
Cash dividends
Ordinary ($1.00 per share)
(938) 
 
 (938) 
 
Repurchases of ordinary shares(651) 
 
 
 (651) 
Spin-off of Adient(4,038) 
 
 (4,619) 
 581
Other, including options exercised246
 
 285
 
 (39) 
At September 30, 201720,447
 9
 16,390
 5,231
 (710) (473)
Comprehensive income (loss)1,689
 
 
 2,162
 
 (473)
Cash dividends
Ordinary ($1.04 per share)
(968) 
 
 (968) 
 
Repurchases of ordinary shares(300) 
 
 
 (300) 
Adoption of ASU 2016-09179
 
 
 179
 
 
Other, including options exercised117
 1
 159
 
 (43) 
At September 30, 2018$21,164
 $10
 $16,549
 $6,604
 $(1,053) $(946)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

Johnson Controls International plc
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Johnson Controls International plc, a corporation organized under the laws of Ireland, and its subsidiaries (Johnson Controls International plc and all its subsidiaries, hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Company," "Johnson Controls" or "JCI plc").

Nature of Operations

Johnson Controls International plc, headquartered in Cork, Ireland, is a global diversified technology and multi industrial leader serving a wide range of customers in more than 150 countries. The Company creates intelligent buildings, efficient energy solutions, integrated infrastructure and next generation transportation systems that work seamlessly together to deliver on the promise of smart cities and communities. The Company is committed to helping our customers win and creating greater value for all of its stakeholders through strategic focus on our buildings and energy growth platforms.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, Johnson Controls, Inc. ("JCI Inc.") and Tyco International plc ("Tyco") completed their combination with JCI Inc. merging with a wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary of Tyco (the "Merger"). Following the Merger, Tyco changed its name to “Johnson Controls International plc” and JCI Inc. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Johnson Controls International plc. The Merger was accounted for as a reverse acquisition using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 805, "Business Combinations." JCI Inc. was the accounting acquirer for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, the historical consolidated financial statements of JCI Inc. for periods prior to this transaction are considered to be the historic financial statements of the Company.

On October 31, 2016, the Company completed the spin-off of its Automotive Experience business by way of the transfer of the Automotive Experience Business from Johnson Controls to Adient plc and the issuance of ordinary shares of Adient directly to holders of Johnson Controls ordinary shares on a pro rata basis. Prior to the open of business on October 31, 2016, each of the Company's shareholders received one ordinary share of Adient plc for every ten ordinary shares of Johnson Controls held as of the close of business on October 19, 2016, the record date for the distribution. Company shareholders received cash in lieu of fractional shares of Adient, if any. Following the separation and distribution, Adient plc is now an independent public company trading on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "ADNT." The Company did not retain any equity interest in Adient plc. Adient’s historical financial results are reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as a discontinued operation. Refer to Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information.

The Building Technologies & Solutions ("Buildings") business is a global market leader in engineering, developing, manufacturing and installing building products and systems around the world, including heating, ventilating, air-conditioning ("HVAC") equipment, HVAC controls, energy-management systems, security systems, fire detection systems and fire suppression solutions. The Buildings business further serves customers by providing technical services (in the HVAC, security and fire-protection space), energy-management consulting and data-driven solutions via its data-enabled business. Finally, the Company has a strong presence in the North American residential air conditioning and heating systems market and is a global market leader in industrial refrigeration products.

The Power Solutions business is a leading global supplier of lead-acid automotive batteries for virtually every type of passenger car, light truck and utility vehicle. The Company serves both automotive original equipment manufacturers and the general vehicle battery aftermarket. The Company also supplies advanced battery technologies to power start-stop, hybrid and electric vehicles.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Johnson Controls International plc and its subsidiaries that are consolidated in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The results of companies acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated financial statements from the effective date of acquisition or up to the date of disposal. Investments in partially-owned affiliates are accounted for by the equity method when the Company’s interest exceeds 20% and the Company does not have a controlling interest.

Under certain criteria as provided for in Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") ASC 810, "Consolidation," the Company may consolidate a partially-owned affiliate. To determine whether to consolidate a partially-owned affiliate, the Company first determines if the entity is a variable interest entity ("VIE"). An entity is considered to be a VIE if it has one of the following

characteristics: 1) the entity is thinly capitalized; 2) residual equity holders do not control the entity; 3) equity holders are shielded from economic losses or do not participate fully in the entity’s residual economics; or 4) the entity was established with non-substantive voting. If the entity meets one of these characteristics, the Company then determines if it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The party with the power to direct activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the potential to absorb benefits or losses that could be significant to the VIE is considered the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE. If the entity is not considered a VIE, then the Company applies the voting interest model to determine whether or not the Company shall consolidate the partially-owned affiliate.

Consolidated VIEs

Based upon the criteria set forth in ASC 810, the Company has determined that it was not the primary beneficiary in any VIEs for the reporting period ended September 30, 2018 and that it was the primary beneficiary in one VIE for the reporting period ended September 30, 2017, as the Company absorbed significant economics of the entity and had the power to direct the activities that are considered most significant to the entity.

In fiscal 2012, a pre-existing VIE accounted for under the equity method was reorganized into three separate investments as a result of the counterparty exercising its option to put its interest to the Company. The Company acquired additional interests in two of the reorganized group entities. The reorganized group entities are considered to be VIEs as the other owner party has been provided decision making rights but does not have equity at risk. The Company was considered the primary beneficiary of one of the entities due to the Company’s power pertaining to decisions over significant activities of the entity. As such, this VIE was consolidated within the Company’s consolidated statements of financial position as of September 30, 2017. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, certain joint venture agreements were amended and, as a result, the Company can no longer make key operating decisions considered to be most significant to the VIE. As such, the Company is no longer considered the primary beneficiary of this entity, and the Company deconsolidated the entity during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. The impact of the entity on the Company’s consolidated statements of income for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was not material.

The carrying amounts and classification of assets (none of which are restricted) and liabilities included in the Company’s consolidated statements of financial position for the consolidated VIE is as follows (in millions):
 September 30,
 2017
Current assets$2
Noncurrent assets53
Total assets$55
  
Current liabilities$6
Noncurrent liabilities42
Total liabilities$48

The Company did not have a significant variable interest in any other consolidated VIEs for the presented reporting periods.

Nonconsolidated VIEs

As mentioned previously within the "Consolidated VIEs" section above, in fiscal 2012, a pre-existing VIE was reorganized into three separate investments as a result of the counterparty exercising its option to put its interest to the Company. The reorganized group entities are considered to be VIEs as the other owner party has been provided decision making rights but does not have equity at risk. The VIEs are named as co-obligors under a third party debt agreement in the amount of $155 million, maturing in fiscal 2020, under which a VIE could become subject to paying more than its allocated share of the third party debt in the event of bankruptcy of one or more of the other co-obligors. The other co-obligors, all related parties in which the Company is an equity investor, consist of the remaining group entities involved in the reorganization. As part of the overall reorganization transaction, the Company has also provided financial support to the group entities in the form of loans totaling $38 million, which are subordinate to the third party debt agreement. The Company is a significant customer of certain co-obligors, resulting in a remote possibility of loss. Additionally, the Company is subject to a floor guaranty expiring in fiscal 2022; in the event that the other owner party no longer owns any part of the group entities due to sale or transfer, the Company has guaranteed that the proceeds received from the sale or transfer will not be less than $25 million. The Company has partnered with the group entities to design and manufacture battery components for the Power Solutions business. The Company is not considered to be the primary beneficiary of three of

the entities as of September 30, 2018 and two of the entities as of September 30, 2017, as the Company cannot make key operating decisions considered to be most significant to the VIEs. Therefore, the entities are accounted for under the equity method of accounting as the Company’s interest exceeds 20% and the Company does not have a controlling interest. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss includes the partially-owned affiliate investment balance of $43 million and $65 million at September 30, 20162018 and 2015, respectively. Billings in excess2017, respectively, as well as the subordinated loan from the Company, third party debt agreement and floor guaranty mentioned above. Current liabilities due to the VIEs are not material and represent normal course of costs and earnings related to these contracts were $431 million and $340 million at September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.business trade payables for all presented periods.

The Company did not have a significant variable interest in any other nonconsolidated VIEs for the presented reporting periods.

Revenue Recognition

The BuildingsBuilding Technologies & Solutions business recognizes revenue from certain long-term contracts over the contractual period under the POCpercentage-of-completion ("POC") method of accounting. This method of accounting recognizes sales and gross profit as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs incurred and total estimated costs at completion. Recognized revenues that will not be billed under the terms of the contract until a later date are recorded primarily in accounts receivable. Likewise, contracts where billings to date have exceeded recognized revenues are recorded primarily in other current liabilities.deferred revenue. Changes to the original estimates may be required during the life of the contract and such estimates are reviewed monthly. Sales and gross profit are adjusted using the cumulative catch-up method for revisions in estimated total contract costs and contract values. Estimated losses are recorded when identified. Claims against customers are recognized as revenue upon settlement. The use of the POC method of accounting involves considerable use of estimates in determining revenues, costs and profits and in assigning the amounts to accounting periods. The periodic reviews have not resulted in adjustments that were significant to the Company’s results of operations. The Company continually evaluates all of the assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent with the application of the POC method of accounting.

The BuildingsBuilding Technologies & Solutions business enters into extended warranties and long-term service and maintenance agreements with certain customers. For these arrangements, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective contract term.

The BuildingsBuilding Technologies & Solutions business also sells certain heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC)("HVAC") and refrigeration products and services in bundled arrangements, where multiple products and/or services are involved. Significant deliverables within these arrangements include equipment, commissioning, service labor and extended warranties. Approximately four to twelve months separate the timing of the first deliverable until the last piece of equipment is delivered, and there may be extended warranty arrangements with duration of one to five years commencing upon the end of the standard warranty period. In addition, the Building'sBuildings business sells security monitoring systems that may have multiple elements, including equipment, installation, monitoring services and maintenance agreements. Revenues associated with sale of equipment and related installations are recognized once delivery, installation and customer acceptance is completed, while the revenue for monitoring and maintenance services are recognized as services are rendered. In accordance with ASU No. 2009-13, "Revenue Recognition (Topic 605): Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements - A Consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force," the Company divides bundled arrangements into separate deliverables and revenue is allocated to each deliverable based on the relative selling price method. In order to estimate relative selling price, market data and transfer price studies are utilized. Revenue recognized for security monitoring equipment and installation is limited to the lesser of their allocated amounts under the estimated selling price hierarchy or the non-contingent up-front consideration received at the time of installation, since collection of future amounts under the arrangement with the customer is contingent upon the delivery of monitoring and maintenance services. For transactions in which the Company retains ownership of the subscriber system asset, fees for monitoring and maintenance services are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term. Non-refundable fees received in connection with the initiation of a monitoring contract, along with associated direct and incremental selling costs, are deferred and amortized over the estimated life of the customer relationship.

In all other cases, the Company recognizes revenue at the time title passes to the customer or as services are performed.


Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Goodwill reflects the cost of an acquisition in excess of the fair values assigned to identifiable net assets acquired. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment during the fourth fiscal quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired. The Company performs impairment reviews for its reporting units, which have been determined to be the Company’s reportable segments or one level below the reportable segments in certain instances, using a fair value method based on management’s judgments and assumptions or third party valuations. The fair value of a reporting unit refers to the price that would be received to sell the unit as a whole in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In estimating the fair value, the Company uses multiples of earnings based on the average of published multiples of earnings of comparable entities with similar operations and economic characteristics and applies to the Company's average of historical and future financial results. In certain instances, the Company uses discounted cash flow analyses or estimated sales price to further support the fair value estimates. The inputs utilized in the analyses are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement." The estimated fair value is then compared with the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including recorded goodwill. The Company is subject to financial statement risk to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company changed the date of its annual goodwill impairment test from September 30 to July 31. The change was made to more closely align the impairment testing date with the Company’s long-term planning and forecasting process. The change in the annual impairment testing date did not delay, accelerate or avoid an impairment charge. The Company has determined this change in accounting principle is preferable and does not result in adjustments to the Company’s financial statements when applied retrospectively. Refer to Note 7, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information regarding the goodwill impairment testing performed in the fourth quarters of fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are also subject to at least annual impairment testing. Indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of trademarks and tradenames and are tested for impairment using a relief-from-royalty method. A considerable amount of management judgment and assumptions are required in performing the impairment tests.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets, including tangible assets and other intangible assets with definitive lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company conducts its long-lived asset impairment analyses in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, "Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets," ASC 350-30, "General Intangibles Other than Goodwill" and ASC 985-20, "Costs of software to be sold, leased, or marketed." ASC 360-10-15 requires the Company to group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset group is recoverable, an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or appraisals. ASC 350-30 requires intangible assets acquired in a business combination that are used in research and development activities be considered indefinite lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. During the period that those assets are considered indefinite lived, they shall not be amortized but shall be tested for impairment annually and more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. If the carrying amount of an intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an entity shall recognize an impairment loss in an amount equal to that excess. ASC 985-20 requires the unamortized capitalized costs of a computer software product be compared to the net realizable value of that product. The amount by which the unamortized capitalized costs of a computer software product exceed the net realizable value of that asset shall be written off. Refer to Note 17, "Impairment of Long-Lived Assets," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information regarding the impairment testing performed in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Employee Benefit Plans

The Company provides a range of benefits to its employees and retired employees, including pensions and postretirement benefits. Plan assets and obligations are measured annually, or more frequently if there is a significant remeasurement event, based on the Company’s measurement date utilizing various actuarial assumptions such as discount rates, assumed rates of return, compensation increases, turnover rates and health care cost trend rates as of that date. The Company reviews its actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and makes modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends when appropriate.

The Company utilizes a mark-to-market approach for recognizing pension and postretirement benefit expenses, including measuring the market related value of plan assets at fair value and recognizing actuarial gains and losses in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or at the date of a remeasurement event. Refer to Note 15, "Retirement Plans," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosure of the Company's pension and postretirement benefit plans.

U.S. GAAP requires that companies recognize in the statement of financial position a liability for defined benefit pension and postretirement plans that are underfunded or unfunded, or an asset for defined benefit pension and postretirement plans that are overfunded. U.S. GAAP also requires that companies measure the benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets that determine a benefit plan’s funded status as of the date of the employer’s fiscal year end.

The Company considers the expected benefit payments on a plan-by-plan basis when setting assumed discount rates. As a result, the Company uses different discount rates for each plan depending on the plan jurisdiction, the demographics of participants and the expected timing of benefit payments. For the U.S. pension and postretirement plans, the Company uses a discount rate provided by an independent third party calculated based on an appropriate mix of high quality bonds. For the non-U.S. pension and postretirement plans, the Company consistently uses the relevant country specific benchmark indices for determining the various discount rates. The Company’s weighted average discount rate on U.S. pension plans was 4.10% and 3.80% at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company’s weighted average discount rate on postretirement plans was 3.80% and 3.70% at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company’s weighted average discount rate on non-U.S. pension plans was 2.45% and 2.40% at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

In estimating the expected return on plan assets, the Company considers the historical returns on plan assets, adjusted for forward-looking considerations, inflation assumptions and the impact of the active management of the plans’ invested assets. Reflecting the relatively long-term nature of the plans’ obligations, approximately 35% of the plans’ assets are invested in equity securities and 56% in fixed income securities, with the remainder primarily invested in alternative investments. For the years ending September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s expected long-term return on U.S. pension plan assets used to determine net periodic benefit cost was 7.50%. The actual rate of return on U.S. pension plans was below 7.50% in fiscal year 2018 and above 7.50% in fiscal year 2017. For the years ending September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s weighted average expected long-term return on non-U.S. pension plan assets was 5.35% and 4.60%, respectively. The actual rate of return on non-U.S. pension plans was below 5.35% in fiscal year 2018 and above 4.60% in fiscal year 2017. For the years ending September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s weighted average expected long-term return on postretirement plan assets was 5.65% and 5.60%, respectively. The actual rate of return on postretirement plan assets was below 5.65% in fiscal year 2018 and above 5.60% in fiscal year 2017.

Beginning in fiscal 2019, the Company believes the long-term rate of return will approximate 7.10%, 5.20% and 5.65% for U.S. pension, non-U.S. pension and postretirement plans, respectively. Any differences between actual investment results and the expected long-term asset returns will be reflected in net periodic benefit costs in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or at the date of a significant remeasurement event. If the Company’s actual returns on plan assets are less than the Company’s expectations, additional contributions may be required.

In fiscal 2018, total employer contributions to the defined benefit pension plans were $53 million, of which $18 million were voluntary contributions made by the Company. The Company expects to contribute approximately $85 million in cash to its defined benefit pension plans in fiscal 2019. In fiscal 2018, total employer contributions to the postretirement plans were $4 million. The Company expects to contribute approximately $15 million in cash to its postretirement plans in fiscal 2019.

Based on information provided by its independent actuaries and other relevant sources, the Company believes that the assumptions used are reasonable; however, changes in these assumptions could impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Loss Contingencies

Accruals are recorded for various contingencies including legal proceedings, environmental matters, self-insurance and other claims that arise in the normal course of business. The accruals are based on judgment, the probability of losses and, where applicable, the consideration of opinions of internal and/or external legal counsel and actuarially determined estimates. Additionally, the Company records receivables from third party insurers when recovery has been determined to be probable.

The Company is subject to laws and regulations relating to protecting the environment. The Company provides for expenses associated with environmental remediation obligations when such amounts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Refer to Note 22, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

The Company records liabilities for its workers' compensation, product, general and auto liabilities. The determination of these liabilities and related expenses is dependent on claims experience. For most of these liabilities, claims incurred but not yet reported are estimated by utilizing actuarial valuations based upon historical claims experience. The Company records receivables from third party insurers when recovery has been determined to be probable. The Company maintains captive insurance companies to manage its insurable liabilities.

Asbestos-Related Contingencies and Insurance Receivables

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries along with numerous other companies are named as defendants in personal injury lawsuits based on alleged exposure to asbestos-containing materials. The Company's estimate of the liability and corresponding insurance recovery for pending and future claims and defense costs is based on the Company's historical claim experience, and estimates of the number and resolution cost of potential future claims that may be filed and is discounted to present value from 2068 (which is the Company's reasonable best estimate of the actuarially determined time period through which asbestos-related claims will be filed against Company affiliates). Asbestos related defense costs are included in the asbestos liability. The Company's legal strategy for resolving claims also impacts these estimates. The Company considers various trends and developments in evaluating the period of time (the look-back period) over which historical claim and settlement experience is used to estimate and value claims reasonably projected to be made through 2068. Annually, the Company assesses the sufficiency of its estimated liability for pending and future claims and defense costs by evaluating actual experience regarding claims filed, settled and dismissed, and amounts paid in settlements. In addition to claims and settlement experience, the Company considers additional quantitative and qualitative factors such as changes in legislation, the legal environment, and the Company's defense strategy. The Company also evaluates the recoverability of its insurance receivable on an annual basis. The Company evaluates all of these factors and determines whether a change in the estimate of its liability for pending and future claims and defense costs or insurance receivable is warranted.

In connection with the recognition of liabilities for asbestos-related matters, the Company records asbestos-related insurance recoveries that are probable. The Company's estimate of asbestos-related insurance recoveries represents estimated amounts due to the Company for previously paid and settled claims and the probable reimbursements relating to its estimated liability for pending and future claims discounted to present value. In determining the amount of insurance recoverable, the Company considers available insurance, allocation methodologies, solvency and creditworthiness of the insurers. Refer to Note 22, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for a discussion on management's judgments applied in the recognition and measurement of asbestos-related assets and liabilities.

Product Warranties

The Company offers warranties to its customers depending upon the specific product and terms of the customer purchase agreement. A typical warranty program requires that the Company replace defective products within a specified time period from the date of sale. The Company records an estimate of future warranty-related costs based on actual historical return rates and other known factors. Based on analysis of return rates and other factors, the Company’s warranty provisions are adjusted as necessary. At September 30, 2018, the Company had recorded $392 million of warranty reserves for continuing operations, including extended warranties for which deferred revenue is recorded. The Company monitors its warranty activity and adjusts its reserve estimates when it is probable that future warranty costs will be different than those estimates. Refer to Note 21, "Guarantees," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosure of the Company's product warranty liabilities.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, "Income Taxes." Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and other loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company records a valuation allowance that primarily represents non-U.S. operating and other loss carryforwards for which realization is uncertain. Management judgment is required in determining the Company’s provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and the valuation allowance recorded against the Company’s net deferred tax assets. In calculating the provision for income taxes on an interim basis, the Company uses an estimate of the annual effective tax rate based upon the facts and circumstances known at each interim period. On a quarterly basis, the actual effective tax rate is adjusted as appropriate based upon the actual results as compared to those forecasted at the beginning of the fiscal year.

The Company reviews the realizability of its deferred tax asset valuation allowances on a quarterly basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a review is required. In determining the requirement for a valuation allowance, the historical and projected financial results of the legal entity or consolidated group recording the net deferred tax asset are considered, along with any other positive or negative evidence. Since future financial results may differ from previous estimates, periodic adjustments to the Company’s valuation allowances may be necessary. At September 30, 2018, the Company had a valuation allowance of $5.2 billion for continuing operations, of which $4.5 billion relates to net operating loss carryforwards primarily in Australia, Belgium, Brazil, China, France, Luxembourg, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom for which sustainable taxable income has not been demonstrated; and $700 million for other deferred tax assets.

The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous non-U.S. jurisdictions. Judgment is required in determining its worldwide provision for income taxes and recording the related assets and liabilities. In the ordinary course of the Company’s business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Company is regularly under audit by tax authorities. At September 30, 2018, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits of $2.4 billion.

The Company does not generally provide additional U.S. or non-U.S. income taxes on outside basis differences of consolidated subsidiaries included in shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls International plc, except in limited circumstances including anticipated taxation on planned divestitures.  The reduction of the outside basis differences via the sale or liquidation of these subsidiaries and/or distributions could create taxable income.  The Company’s intent is to reduce the outside basis differences only when it would be tax efficient.  Refer to "Capitalization" within the "Liquidity and Capital Resources" section for discussion of U.S. and non-U.S. cash projections.

Refer to Note 18, "Income Taxes," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for the Company's income tax disclosures.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Refer to the "New Accounting Pronouncements" section within Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

RISK MANAGEMENT

The Company selectively uses derivative instruments to reduce market risk associated with changes in foreign currency, commodities, interest rates and stock-based compensation. All hedging transactions are authorized and executed pursuant to clearly defined policies and procedures, which strictly prohibit the use of financial instruments for speculative purposes. At the inception of the hedge, the Company assesses the effectiveness of the hedge instrument and designates the hedge instrument as either (1) a hedge of a recognized asset or liability or of a recognized firm commitment (a fair value hedge), (2) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to an unrecognized asset or liability (a cash flow hedge) or (3) a hedge of a net investment in a non-U.S. operation (a net investment hedge). The Company performs hedge effectiveness testing on an ongoing basis depending on the type of hedging instrument used. All other derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815, "Derivatives and Hedging," are revalued in the consolidated statements of income.

For all foreign currency derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, retrospective effectiveness is tested on a monthly basis using a cumulative dollar offset test. The fair value of the hedged exposures and the fair value of the hedge instruments are revalued, and the ratio of the cumulative sum of the periodic changes in the value of the hedge instruments to the cumulative sum of the periodic changes in the value of the hedge is calculated. The hedge is deemed as highly effective if the ratio is between 80% and 125%. For commodity derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges, effectiveness is tested using a regression calculation. Ineffectiveness is minimal as the Company aligns most of the critical terms of its derivatives with the supply contracts.

For net investment hedges, the Company assesses its net investment positions in the non-U.S. operations and compares it with the outstanding net investment hedges on a quarterly basis. The hedge is deemed effective if the aggregate outstanding principal of the hedge instruments designated as the net investment hedge in a non-U.S. operation does not exceed the Company’s net investment positions in the respective non-U.S. operation.

The Company selectively uses interest rate swaps to reduce market risk associated with changes in interest rates for its fixed-rate bonds. At September 30, 2018, the Company did not have any outstanding interest rate swaps. The Company assesses retrospective and prospective effectiveness and records any measured ineffectiveness in the consolidated statements of income on a monthly basis.

Equity swaps and any other derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815 require no assessment of effectiveness.

A discussion of the Company’s accounting policies for derivative financial instruments is included in Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements, and further disclosure relating to derivatives and hedging activities is included in Note 10, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," and Note 11, "Fair Value Measurements," of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

Foreign Exchange

The Company has manufacturing, sales and distribution facilities around the world and thus makes investments and enters into transactions denominated in various foreign currencies. In order to maintain strict control and achieve the benefits of the Company’s global diversification, foreign exchange exposures for each currency are netted internally so that only its net foreign exchange exposures are, as appropriate, hedged with financial instruments.

The Company hedges 70% to 90% of the nominal amount of each of its known foreign exchange transactional exposures. The Company primarily enters into foreign currency exchange contracts to reduce the earnings and cash flow impact of the variation of non-functional currency denominated receivables and payables. Gains and losses resulting from hedging instruments offset the foreign exchange gains or losses on the underlying assets and liabilities being hedged. The maturities of the forward exchange contracts generally coincide with the settlement dates of the related transactions. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on these contracts are recognized in the same period as gains and losses on the hedged items. The Company also selectively hedges anticipated transactions that are subject to foreign exchange exposure, primarily with foreign currency exchange contracts, which are designated as cash flow hedges in accordance with ASC 815.

The Company has entered into foreign currency denominated debt obligations to selectively hedge portions of its net investment in non-U.S. subsidiaries. The currency effects of debt obligations are reflected in the accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") account within shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls ordinary shareholders where they offset gains and losses recorded on the Company’s net investments globally.

At September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company estimates that an unfavorable 10% change in the exchange rates would have decreased net unrealized gains by approximately $212 million and $330 million, respectively.

Interest Rates

From time to time, the Company may use interest rate swaps to offset its exposure to interest rate movements. In accordance with ASC 815, these outstanding swaps qualify and are designated as fair value hedges. The Company had no outstanding interest rate swaps at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. A 10% increase in the average cost of the Company’s variable rate debt would have resulted in an unfavorable change in pre-tax interest expense of approximately $5 million and $13 million for the year ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Commodities

The Company uses commodity hedge contracts in the financial derivatives market in cases where commodity price risk cannot be naturally offset or hedged through supply base fixed price contracts. Commodity risks are systematically managed pursuant to policy guidelines. As a cash flow hedge, gains and losses resulting from the hedging instruments offset the gains or losses on purchases of the underlying commodities that will be used in the business. The maturities of the commodity hedge contracts coincide with the expected purchase of the commodities.

ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH AND SAFETY AND OTHER MATTERS

The Company’s global operations are governed by environmental laws and worker safety laws. Under various circumstances, these laws impose civil and criminal penalties and fines, as well as injunctive and remedial relief, for noncompliance and require remediation at sites where Company-related substances have been released into the environment.

The Company has expended substantial resources globally, both financial and managerial, to comply with applicable environmental laws and worker safety laws and to protect the environment and workers. The Company believes it is in substantial compliance with such laws and maintains procedures designed to foster and ensure compliance. However, the Company has been, and in the future may become, the subject of formal or informal enforcement actions or proceedings regarding noncompliance with such laws or the remediation of Company-related substances released into the environment. Such matters typically are resolved with regulatory authorities through commitments to compliance, abatement or remediation programs and in some cases payment of penalties. Historically, neither such commitments nor penalties imposed on the Company have been material.

Refer to Note 22, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information.


QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA

(in millions, except per share data)
(quarterly amounts unaudited)
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
Full
Year
          
2018         
Net sales$7,435
 $7,475
 $8,120
 $8,370
 $31,400
Gross profit2,169
 2,220
 2,472
 2,519
 9,380
Net income (1)271
 483
 804
 825
 2,383
Net income attributable to Johnson Controls230
 438
 723
 771
 2,162
Earnings per share (2)         
Basic0.25
 0.47
 0.78
 0.83
 2.34
Diluted0.25
 0.47
 0.78
 0.83
 2.32
          
2017         
Net sales$7,086
 $7,267
 $7,683
 $8,136
 $30,172
Gross profit2,114
 2,281
 2,431
 2,513
 9,339
Net income (loss) (3)378
 (115) 629
 927
 1,819
Net income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls329
 (148) 555
 875
 1,611
Earnings (loss) per share (2)         
Basic0.35
 (0.16) 0.59
 0.94
 1.72
Diluted0.35
 (0.16) 0.59
 0.93
 1.71
(1)The fiscal 2018 first quarter net income includes a $114 million gain on sale of Scott Safety, $158 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs, and $50 million of transaction and integration costs. The fiscal 2018 second quarter net income includes $64 million of transaction and integration costs. The fiscal 2018 third quarter net income includes $51 million of transaction and integration costs. The fiscal 2018 fourth quarter net income includes $10 million of net mark-to-market gains on pension and postretirement plans, $105 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs, and $69 million of transaction and integration costs. The preceding amounts are stated on a pre-tax and pre-noncontrolling interest impact basis.

(2)Due to the use of the weighted-average shares outstanding for each quarter for computing earnings per share, the sum of the quarterly per share amounts may not equal the per share amount for the year.

(3)The fiscal 2017 first quarter net income includes $117 million of mark-to-market gains on pension plans, $78 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs, and $213 million of transaction, integration and separation costs. The fiscal 2017 second quarter net loss includes $18 million of mark-to-market gains on pension plans, $99 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs, and $138 million of transaction and integration costs. The fiscal 2017 third quarter net income includes $45 million of mark-to-market losses on pension plans, $49 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs, and $70 million of transaction and integration costs The fiscal 2017 fourth quarter net income includes $330 million of net mark-to-market gains on pension and postretirement plans, $141 million of significant restructuring and impairment costs, $90 million of integration costs and $50 million for an unfavorable arbitration award. The preceding amounts are stated on a pre-tax and pre-noncontrolling interest impact basis and include both continuing and discontinued operations activity.

ITEM 7AQUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

See "Risk Management" included in Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.


ITEM 8FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
Page
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017
   and 2016
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity Attributable to Johnson Controls Ordinary Shareholders
   for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016

pwc0314a01a14.jpg


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Johnson Controls International plc

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Johnson Controls International plc and its subsidiaries (the “Company”)as of September 30, 2018and 2017,and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls ordinary shareholders, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2018, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”).We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework(2013)issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidatedfinancial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2018and 2017, and the results of theiroperations and theircash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2018 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework(2013)issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidatedfinancial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidatedfinancial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidatedfinancial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidatedfinancial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidatedfinancial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidatedfinancial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally

accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
November 20, 2018

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1957.


Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Income
 Year Ended September 30,
(in millions, except per share data)2018 2017 2016
Net sales     
Products and systems*$25,332
 $24,099
 $18,084
Services*6,068
 6,073
 2,753
 31,400
 30,172
 20,837
Cost of sales     
Products and systems*18,602
 17,220
 13,323
Services*3,418
 3,613
 1,860
 22,020
 20,833
 15,183
      
Gross profit9,380
 9,339
 5,654
      
Selling, general and administrative expenses(6,010) (6,158) (4,190)
Restructuring and impairment costs(263) (367) (288)
Net financing charges(441) (496) (289)
Equity income235
 240
 174
      
Income from continuing operations before income taxes2,901
 2,558
 1,061
      
Income tax provision518
 705
 197
      
Income from continuing operations2,383
 1,853
 864
      
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax (Note 4)
 (34) (1,516)
      
Net income (loss)2,383
 1,819
 (652)
      
Income from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests221
 199
 132
Income from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests
 9
 84
      
Net income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls$2,162
 $1,611
 $(868)
      
Amounts attributable to Johnson Controls ordinary shareholders:     
Income from continuing operations$2,162
 $1,654
 $732
Loss from discontinued operations
 (43) (1,600)
        Net income (loss)$2,162
 $1,611
 $(868)
      
Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to Johnson Controls     
Continuing operations$2.34
 $1.77
 $1.10
Discontinued operations
 (0.05) (2.40)
        Net income (loss)$2.34
 $1.72
 $(1.30)
      
Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Johnson Controls     
Continuing operations$2.32
 $1.75
 $1.09
Discontinued operations
 (0.05) (2.38)
        Net income (loss) **$2.32
 $1.71
 $(1.29)
 *Products and systems consist of Building Technologies & Solutions and Power Solutions products and systems. Services are Building Technologies & Solutions technical services.
**Certain items do not sum due to rounding.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 Year Ended September 30,
(in millions)2018 2017 2016
      
Net income (loss)$2,383
 $1,819
 $(652)
      
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:     
Foreign currency translation adjustments(483) 103
 (94)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives(29) (14) 9
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities4
 5
 (1)
Pension and postretirement plans
 
 (1)
      
Other comprehensive income (loss)(508) 94
 (87)
      
Total comprehensive income (loss)1,875
 1,913
 (739)
      
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests186
 203
 225
      
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls$1,689
 $1,710
 $(964)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
 September 30,
(in millions, except par value and share data)2018 2017
    
Assets   
    
Cash and cash equivalents$200
 $321
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful
 accounts of $177 and $182, respectively
7,065
 6,666
Inventories3,224
 3,209
Assets held for sale
 189
Other current assets1,334
 1,907
Current assets11,823
 12,292
    
Property, plant and equipment - net6,171
 6,121
Goodwill19,473
 19,688
Other intangible assets - net6,348
 6,741
Investments in partially-owned affiliates1,301
 1,191
Noncurrent assets held for sale
 1,920
Other noncurrent assets3,681
 3,931
Total assets$48,797
 $51,884
    
Liabilities and Equity   
    
Short-term debt$1,315
 $1,214
Current portion of long-term debt26
 394
Accounts payable4,644
 4,271
Accrued compensation and benefits1,146
 1,071
Deferred revenue1,326
 1,279
Liabilities held for sale
 72
Other current liabilities2,793
 3,553
Current liabilities11,250
 11,854
    
Long-term debt9,654
 11,964
Pension and postretirement benefits717
 947
Noncurrent liabilities held for sale
 173
Other noncurrent liabilities4,718
 5,368
Long-term liabilities15,089
 18,452
    
Commitments and contingencies (Note 22)   
    
Redeemable noncontrolling interests
 211
    
Ordinary shares - par value $0.01, $0.01; 2.0 billion, 2.0 billion shares
   authorized; 950,969,965, 945,055,276 shares issued, respectively
10
 9
Ordinary A shares - par value €1.00; 40,000 shares authorized, none outstanding as of
   September 30, 2018 and 2017

 
Preferred shares - par value $0.01; 200,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding as of
   September 30, 2018 and 2017

 
Ordinary shares held in treasury, at cost (2018 - 25,963,004; 2017 - 17,080,302 shares)(1,053) (710)
Capital in excess of par value16,549
 16,390
Retained earnings6,604
 5,231
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(946) (473)
Shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls21,164
 20,447
Noncontrolling interests1,294
 920
Total equity22,458
 21,367
Total liabilities and equity$48,797
 $51,884
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 Year Ended September 30,
(in millions)2018 2017 2016
Operating Activities     
Net income (loss) attributable to Johnson Controls$2,162
 $1,611
 $(868)
Income from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests221
 199
 132
Income from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests
 9
 84
Net income (loss)2,383
 1,819
 (652)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash provided by operating activities:     
Depreciation and amortization1,085
 1,188
 953
Pension and postretirement benefit expense (income)(156) (568) 460
Pension and postretirement contributions(57) (347) (137)
Equity in earnings of partially-owned affiliates, net of dividends received(166) (181) (250)
Deferred income taxes(636) 1,125
 (1,241)
Non-cash restructuring and impairment charges42
 78
 221
Gain on Scott Safety business divestiture(114) 
 
Equity-based compensation115
 147
 142
Other - net(48) (12) (25)
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding acquisitions and divestitures:     
Accounts receivable(513) (520) (344)
Inventories(92) (398) 1
Other assets26
 (480) 148
Restructuring reserves(8) 89
 141
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities15
 236
 411
Accrued income taxes637
 (2,145) 2,080
Cash provided by operating activities2,513
 31
 1,908
      
Investing Activities     
Capital expenditures(1,030) (1,343) (1,249)
Sale of property, plant and equipment48
 33
 32
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired(21) (6) 353
Business divestitures, net of cash divested2,202
 220
 32
Changes in long-term investments11
 (41) (48)
Other - net5
 
 (7)
Cash provided (used) by investing activities1,215
 (1,137) (887)
      
Financing Activities     
Increase in short-term debt - net107
 145
 556
Increase in long-term debt1,136
 1,865
 1,501
Repayment of long-term debt(3,729) (1,297) (1,299)
Debt financing costs(4) (18) (45)
Stock repurchases(300) (651) (501)
Payment of cash dividends(954) (702) (915)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options66
 157
 70
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests(46) (88) (306)
Dividend from Adient spin-off
 2,050
 
Cash transferred to Adient related to spin-off
 (665) 
Cash paid to prior acquisitions
 (75) 
Employee equity-based compensation withholding(43) (37) (5)
Other - net15
 14
 (2)
Cash provided (used) by financing activities(3,752) 698
 (946)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(106) 54
 12
Change in cash held for sale9
 96
 (61)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(121) (258) 26
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period321
 579
 553
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$200
 $321
 $579

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity Attributable to Johnson Controls Ordinary Shareholders
(in millions, except per share data)Total 
Ordinary
Shares
 
Capital in
Excess of
Par Value
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Treasury
Stock,
at Cost
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
At September 30, 2015$10,335
 $7
 $3,740
 $10,797
 $(3,152) $(1,057)
Comprehensive loss(964) 
 
 (868) 
 (96)
Result of contribution of Johnson Controls,
Inc. to Johnson Controls International plc
15,808
 2
 12,157
 
 3,649
 
Cash dividends
Common ($1.16 per share)
(752) 
 
 (752) 
 
Repurchases of common stock(501) 
 
 
 (501) 
Other, including options exercised192
 
 208
 
 (16) 
At September 30, 201624,118
 9
 16,105
 9,177
 (20) (1,153)
Comprehensive income1,710
 
 
 1,611
 
 99
Cash dividends
Ordinary ($1.00 per share)
(938) 
 
 (938) 
 
Repurchases of ordinary shares(651) 
 
 
 (651) 
Spin-off of Adient(4,038) 
 
 (4,619) 
 581
Other, including options exercised246
 
 285
 
 (39) 
At September 30, 201720,447
 9
 16,390
 5,231
 (710) (473)
Comprehensive income (loss)1,689
 
 
 2,162
 
 (473)
Cash dividends
Ordinary ($1.04 per share)
(968) 
 
 (968) 
 
Repurchases of ordinary shares(300) 
 
 
 (300) 
Adoption of ASU 2016-09179
 
 
 179
 
 
Other, including options exercised117
 1
 159
 
 (43) 
At September 30, 2018$21,164
 $10
 $16,549
 $6,604
 $(1,053) $(946)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

Johnson Controls International plc
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Johnson Controls International plc, a corporation organized under the laws of Ireland, and its subsidiaries (Johnson Controls International plc and all its subsidiaries, hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Company," "Johnson Controls" or "JCI plc").

Nature of Operations

Johnson Controls International plc, headquartered in Cork, Ireland, is a global diversified technology and multi industrial leader serving a wide range of customers in more than 150 countries. The Company creates intelligent buildings, efficient energy solutions, integrated infrastructure and next generation transportation systems that work seamlessly together to deliver on the promise of smart cities and communities. The Company is committed to helping our customers win and creating greater value for all of its stakeholders through strategic focus on our buildings and energy growth platforms.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, Johnson Controls, Inc. ("JCI Inc.") and Tyco International plc ("Tyco") completed their combination with JCI Inc. merging with a wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary of Tyco (the "Merger"). Following the Merger, Tyco changed its name to “Johnson Controls International plc” and JCI Inc. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Johnson Controls International plc. The Merger was accounted for as a reverse acquisition using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 805, "Business Combinations." JCI Inc. was the accounting acquirer for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, the historical consolidated financial statements of JCI Inc. for periods prior to this transaction are considered to be the historic financial statements of the Company.

On October 31, 2016, the Company completed the spin-off of its Automotive Experience business by way of the transfer of the Automotive Experience Business from Johnson Controls to Adient plc and the issuance of ordinary shares of Adient directly to holders of Johnson Controls ordinary shares on a pro rata basis. Prior to the open of business on October 31, 2016, each of the Company's shareholders received one ordinary share of Adient plc for every ten ordinary shares of Johnson Controls held as of the close of business on October 19, 2016, the record date for the distribution. Company shareholders received cash in lieu of fractional shares of Adient, if any. Following the separation and distribution, Adient plc is now an independent public company trading on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "ADNT." The Company did not retain any equity interest in Adient plc. Adient’s historical financial results are reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as a discontinued operation. Refer to Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information.

The Building Technologies & Solutions ("Buildings") business is a global market leader in engineering, developing, manufacturing and installing building products and systems around the world, including heating, ventilating, air-conditioning ("HVAC") equipment, HVAC controls, energy-management systems, security systems, fire detection systems and fire suppression solutions. The Buildings business further serves customers by providing technical services (in the HVAC, security and fire-protection space), energy-management consulting and data-driven solutions via its data-enabled business. Finally, the Company has a strong presence in the North American residential air conditioning and heating systems market and is a global market leader in industrial refrigeration products.

The Power Solutions business is a leading global supplier of lead-acid automotive batteries for virtually every type of passenger car, light truck and utility vehicle. The Company serves both automotive original equipment manufacturers and the general vehicle battery aftermarket. The Company also supplies advanced battery technologies to power start-stop, hybrid and electric vehicles.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Johnson Controls International plc and its subsidiaries that are consolidated in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The results of companies acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated financial statements from the effective date of acquisition or up to the date of disposal. Investments in partially-owned affiliates are accounted for by the equity method when the Company’s interest exceeds 20% and the Company does not have a controlling interest.

Under certain criteria as provided for in Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") ASC 810, "Consolidation," the Company may consolidate a partially-owned affiliate. To determine whether to consolidate a partially-owned affiliate, the Company first determines if the entity is a variable interest entity ("VIE"). An entity is considered to be a VIE if it has one of the following

characteristics: 1) the entity is thinly capitalized; 2) residual equity holders do not control the entity; 3) equity holders are shielded from economic losses or do not participate fully in the entity’s residual economics; or 4) the entity was established with non-substantive voting. If the entity meets one of these characteristics, the Company then determines if it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The party with the power to direct activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the potential to absorb benefits or losses that could be significant to the VIE is considered the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE. If the entity is not considered a VIE, then the Company applies the voting interest model to determine whether or not the Company shall consolidate the partially-owned affiliate.

Consolidated VIEs

Based upon the criteria set forth in ASC 810, the Company has determined that it was not the primary beneficiary in any VIEs for the reporting period ended September 30, 2018 and that it was the primary beneficiary in one VIE for the reporting period ended September 30, 2017, as the Company absorbed significant economics of the entity and had the power to direct the activities that are considered most significant to the entity.

In fiscal 2012, a pre-existing VIE accounted for under the equity method was reorganized into three separate investments as a result of the counterparty exercising its option to put its interest to the Company. The Company acquired additional interests in two of the reorganized group entities. The reorganized group entities are considered to be VIEs as the other owner party has been provided decision making rights but does not have equity at risk. The Company was considered the primary beneficiary of one of the entities due to the Company’s power pertaining to decisions over significant activities of the entity. As such, this VIE was consolidated within the Company’s consolidated statements of financial position as of September 30, 2017. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, certain joint venture agreements were amended and, as a result, the Company can no longer make key operating decisions considered to be most significant to the VIE. As such, the Company is no longer considered the primary beneficiary of this entity, and the Company deconsolidated the entity during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. The impact of the entity on the Company’s consolidated statements of income for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was not material.

The carrying amounts and classification of assets (none of which are restricted) and liabilities included in the Company’s consolidated statements of financial position for the consolidated VIE is as follows (in millions):
 September 30,
 2017
Current assets$2
Noncurrent assets53
Total assets$55
  
Current liabilities$6
Noncurrent liabilities42
Total liabilities$48

The Company did not have a significant variable interest in any other consolidated VIEs for the presented reporting periods.

Nonconsolidated VIEs

As mentioned previously within the "Consolidated VIEs" section above, in fiscal 2012, a pre-existing VIE was reorganized into three separate investments as a result of the counterparty exercising its option to put its interest to the Company. The reorganized group entities are considered to be VIEs as the other owner party has been provided decision making rights but does not have equity at risk. The VIEs are named as co-obligors under a third party debt agreement in the amount of $155 million, maturing in fiscal 2020, under which a VIE could become subject to paying more than its allocated share of the third party debt in the event of bankruptcy of one or more of the other co-obligors. The other co-obligors, all related parties in which the Company is an equity investor, consist of the remaining group entities involved in the reorganization. As part of the overall reorganization transaction, the Company has also provided financial support to the group entities in the form of loans totaling $38 million, which are subordinate to the third party debt agreement. The Company is a significant customer of certain co-obligors, resulting in a remote possibility of loss. Additionally, the Company is subject to a floor guaranty expiring in fiscal 2022; in the event that the other owner party no longer owns any part of the group entities due to sale or transfer, the Company has guaranteed that the proceeds received from the sale or transfer will not be less than $25 million. The Company has partnered with the group entities to design and manufacture battery components for the Power Solutions business. The Company is not considered to be the primary beneficiary of three of

the entities as of September 30, 2018 and two of the entities as of September 30, 2017, as the Company cannot make key operating decisions considered to be most significant to the VIEs. Therefore, the entities are accounted for under the equity method of accounting as the Company’s interest exceeds 20% and the Company does not have a controlling interest. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss includes the partially-owned affiliate investment balance of $43 million and $65 million at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, as well as the subordinated loan from the Company, third party debt agreement and floor guaranty mentioned above. Current liabilities due to the VIEs are not material and represent normal course of business trade payables for all presented periods.

The Company did not have a significant variable interest in any other nonconsolidated VIEs for the presented reporting periods.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, short-term debt and accounts payable approximate their carrying values. See Note 10, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," and Note 11, "Fair Value Measurements," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for fair value of financial instruments, including derivative instruments, hedging activities and long-term debt.

Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

The Company classifies assets and liabilities (disposal groups) to be sold as held for sale in the period in which all of the following criteria are met: management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the disposal group; the disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such disposal groups; an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the disposal group have been initiated; the sale of the disposal group is probable, and transfer of the disposal group is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year, except if events or circumstances beyond the Company's control extend the period of time required to sell the disposal group beyond one year; the disposal group is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

In addition, the Company classifies disposal groups to be disposed of other than by sale (e.g. spin-off) as held for sale in the period the disposal occurs.

The Company initially measures a disposal group that is classified as held for sale at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less any costs to sell. Any loss resulting from this measurement is recognized in the period in which the held for sale criteria are met. Conversely, gains are not recognized on the sale of a disposal group until the date of sale. The Company assesses the fair value of a disposal group, less any costs to sell, each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and reports any subsequent changes as an adjustment to the carrying value of the disposal group, as long as the new carrying value does not exceed the carrying value of the disposal group at the time it was initially classified as held for sale.

Upon determining that a disposal group meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, the Company reports the assets and liabilities of the disposal group, if material, in the line items assets held for sale and liabilities held for sale in the consolidated statements of financial position. Refer to Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.


Restricted Cash

At September 30, 2018, the Company held restricted cash of approximately $15 million, of which $6 million was recorded within other current assets in the consolidated statements of financial position and $9 million was recorded within other noncurrent assets in the consolidated statements of financial position. At September 30, 2017, the Company held restricted cash of approximately $31 million, of which $22 million was recorded within other current assets in the consolidated statements of financial position and $9 million was recorded within other noncurrent assets in the consolidated statements of financial position.

Receivables

Receivables consist of amounts billed and currently due from customers and unbilled costs and accrued profits related to revenues on long-term contracts that have been recognized for accounting purposes but not yet billed to customers. The Company extends credit to customers in the normal course of business and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts resulting from the inability or unwillingness of customers to make required payments. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on historical experience, existing economic conditions and any specific customer collection issues the Company has identified. The Company enters into supply chain financing programs to sell certain accounts receivable without recourse to third-party financial institutions. Sales of accounts receivable are reflected as a reduction of accounts receivable on the consolidated statements of financial position and the proceeds are included in cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.  

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market using the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method. Finished goods and work-in-process inventories include material, labor and manufacturing overhead costs.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes and accelerated methods for income tax purposes. The estimated useful lives generally range from 3 to 40 years for buildings and improvements, subscriber systems up to 15 years, and from 3 to 15 years for machinery and equipment. The Company capitalizes interest on borrowings during the active construction period of major capital projects. Capitalized interest is added to the cost of the underlying assets and is amortized over the useful lives of the assets.

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Goodwill reflects the cost of an acquisition in excess of the fair values assigned to identifiable net assets acquired. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment during the fourth fiscal quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired. The Company performs impairment reviews for its reporting units, which have been determined to be the Company’s reportable segments or one level below the reportable segments in certain instances, using a fair value method based on management’s judgments and assumptions or third party valuations. The fair value of a reporting unit refers to the price that would be received to sell the unit as a whole in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In estimating the fair value, the Company uses multiples of earnings based on the average of published multiples of earnings of comparable entities with similar operations and economic characteristics and applies to the Company's average of historical and future financial results. In certain instances, the Company uses discounted cash flow analyses or estimated sales price to further support the fair value estimates. The inputs utilized in the analyses are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement." The estimated fair value is then compared with the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including recorded goodwill. The Company is subject to financial statement risk to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company changed the date of its annual goodwill impairment test from September 30 to July 31. The change was made to more closely align the impairment testing date with the Company’s long-term planning and forecasting process. The change in the annual impairment testing date did not delay, accelerate or avoid an impairment charge. The Company has determined this change in accounting principle is preferable and does not result in adjustments to the Company’s financial statements when applied retrospectively. Refer to Note 7, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information regarding the goodwill impairment testing performed in the fourth quarters of fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are also subject to at least annual impairment testing. Indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of trademarks and tradenames and are tested for impairment using a relief-from-royalty method. A considerable amount of management judgment and assumptions are required in performing the impairment tests.


Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets, including tangible assets and other intangible assets with definitive lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company conducts its long-lived asset impairment analyses in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, "Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets," ASC 350-30, "General Intangibles Other than Goodwill" and ASC 985-20, "Costs of software to be sold, leased, or marketed." ASC 360-10-15 requires the Company to group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset group is recoverable, an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or appraisals. ASC 350-30 requires intangible assets acquired in a business combination that are used in research and development activities to be considered indefinite lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. During the period that those assets are considered indefinite lived, they shall not be amortized but shall be tested for impairment annually and more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired.  If the carrying amount of an intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an entity shall recognize an impairment loss in an amount equal to that excess. ASC 985-20 requires the unamortized capitalized costs of a computer software product be compared to the net realizable value of that product. The amount by which the unamortized capitalized costs of a computer software product exceed the net realizable value of that asset shall be written off. Refer to Note 17, "Impairment of Long-Lived Assets," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information regarding the impairment testing performed in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Revenue Recognition

The Building Technologies & Solutions business recognizes revenue from certain long-term contracts over the contractual period under the percentage-of-completion ("POC") method of accounting. This method of accounting recognizes sales and gross profit as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs incurred and total estimated costs at completion. Recognized revenues that will not be billed under the terms of the contract until a later date are recorded primarily in accounts receivable. Likewise, contracts where billings to date have exceeded recognized revenues are recorded primarily in deferred revenue. Costs and earnings in excess of billings related to these contracts were $1,054 million and $908 million at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Billings in excess of costs and earnings related to these contracts were $535 million and $451 million at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Changes to the original estimates may be required during the life of the contract and such estimates are reviewed monthly. Sales and gross profit are adjusted using the cumulative catch-up method for revisions in estimated total contract costs and contract values. Estimated contract losses are recorded when identified. Claims against customers are recognized as revenue upon settlement. The use of the POC method of accounting involves considerable use of estimates in determining revenues, costs and profits and in assigning the amounts to accounting periods. The periodic reviews have not resulted in adjustments that were significant to the Company’s results of operations. The Company continually evaluates all of the assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent with the application of the POC method of accounting.

The Building Technologies & Solutions business enters into extended warranties and long-term service and maintenance agreements with certain customers. For these arrangements, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective contract term.

The Building Technologies & Solutions business also sells certain HVAC and refrigeration products and services in bundled arrangements, where multiple products and/or services are involved. Significant deliverables within these arrangements include equipment, commissioning, service labor and extended warranties. Approximately four to twelve months separate the timing of the first deliverable until the last piece of equipment is delivered, and there may be extended warranty arrangements with duration of one to five years commencing upon the end of the standard warranty period. In addition, the Building Technologies & Solutions business sells security monitoring systems that may have multiple elements, including equipment, installation, monitoring services and maintenance agreements. Revenues associated with sale of equipment and related installations are recognized once delivery, installation and customer acceptance is completed, while the revenue for monitoring and maintenance services are recognized as services are rendered. In accordance with Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2009-13, "Revenue Recognition (Topic 605): Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements - A Consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force," the Company divides bundled arrangements into separate deliverables and revenue is allocated to each deliverable based on the relative selling price method. In order to estimate relative selling price, market data and transfer price studies are utilized. Revenue recognized for security monitoring equipment and installation is limited to the lesser of their allocated amounts under the estimated selling price hierarchy or the non-contingent up-front consideration received at the time of installation, since collection of future amounts under the arrangement with the customer is contingent upon the delivery of monitoring and maintenance services. For transactions in which the Company retains ownership of the subscriber system asset, fees for monitoring and maintenance services are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term. Non-refundable fees received in connection with the initiation of a monitoring

contract, along with associated direct and incremental selling costs, are deferred and amortized over the estimated life of the customer relationship.

In all other cases, the Company recognizes revenue at the time title passes to the customer or as services are performed.

Subscriber System Assets, Dealer Intangibles and Related Deferred Revenue Accounts

The Tyco portion of the BuildingsBuilding Technologies & Solutions business considers assets related to the acquisition of new customers in its electronic security business in three asset categories: internally generated residential subscriber systems outside of North America, internally generated commercial subscriber systems (collectively referred to as subscriber system assets) and customer accounts acquired through the ADT dealer program, primarily outside of North America (referred to as dealer intangibles). Subscriber system assets include installed property, plant and equipment for which the Company retains ownership and deferred costs directly related to the customer acquisition and system installation. Subscriber system assets represent capitalized equipment (e.g. security control panels, touchpad, motion detectors, window sensors, and other equipment) and installation costs associated with electronic security monitoring arrangements under which the Company retains ownership of the security system assets in a customer's place of business, or outside of North America, residence. Installation costs represent costs incurred to prepare the asset for its intended use. The Company pays property taxes on the subscriber system assets and upon customer termination, may retrieve such assets. These assets embody a probable future economic benefit as they generate future monitoring revenue for the Company.

Costs related to the subscriber system equipment and installation are categorized as property, plant and equipment rather than deferred costs. Deferred costs associated with subscriber system assets represent direct and incremental selling expenses (such as commissions) related to acquiring the customer. Commissions related to up-front consideration paid by customers in connection with the establishment of the monitoring arrangement are determined based on a percentage of the up-front fees and do not exceed deferred revenue. Such deferred costs are recorded as other current and noncurrent assets within the consolidated statements of financial position.

Subscriber system assets and any deferred revenue resulting from the customer acquisition are accounted for over the expected life of the subscriber. In certain geographical areas where the Company has a large number of customers that behave in a similar manner over time, the Company accounts for subscriber system assets and related deferred revenue using pools, with separate pools for the components of subscriber system assets and any related deferred revenue based on the same month and year of acquisition. The Company depreciates its pooled subscriber system assets and related deferred revenue using a straight-line method with lives up to 1512 years and considering customer attrition. The Company uses a straight-line method with a 15-year life for non-pooled subscriber system assets (primarily in Europe, Latin America and Asia) and related deferred revenue, with remaining balances written off upon customer termination.

Certain contracts and related customer relationships result from purchasing residential security monitoring contracts from an external network of independent dealers who operate under the ADT dealer program, primarily outside of North America. Acquired contracts and related customer relationships are recorded at their contractually determined purchase price.

During the first 6 months (12 months in certain circumstances) after the purchase of the customer contract, any cancellation of monitoring service, including those that result from customer payment delinquencies, results in a chargeback by the Company to the dealer for the full amount of the contract purchase price. The Company records the amount charged back to the dealer as a reduction of the previously recorded intangible asset.

Intangible assets arising from the ADT dealer program described above are amortized in pools determined by the same month and year of contract acquisition on a straight-line basis over the period of the customer relationship. The estimated useful life of dealer intangibles ranges from 12 to 15 years.

Research and Development Costs

Expenditures for research activities relating to product development and improvement are charged against income as incurred and included within selling, general and administrative expenses for continuing operations in the consolidated statements of income. Such expenditures for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 2015 and 2014 were $618$380 million, $733$360 million and $792 million, respectively. A portion of the costs associated with these activities is reimbursed by customers and, for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $308 million, $364 million and $352$158 million, respectively.

Earnings Per Share

The Company presents both basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS)("EPS") amounts. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Johnson Controls by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period.

Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Johnson Controls by the weighted average number of common shares and common equivalent shares outstanding during the reporting period that are calculated using the treasury stock method for stock options, unvested restricted stock and unvested restricted stock.performance share awards. See Note 13, "Earnings per Share," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for the calculation of earnings per share.

Foreign Currency Translation

Substantially all of the Company’s international operations use the respective local currency as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of international entities have been translated at period-end exchange rates, and income and expenses have been translated using average exchange rates for the period. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies are adjusted to reflect period-end exchange rates. The aggregate transaction losses,gains (losses), net of the impact of foreign currency hedges, included in net income for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 2015 and 2014 were $95$(5) million, $119$94 million and $8$(95) million, respectively.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company has written policies and procedures that place all financial instruments under the direction of Corporate treasury and restrict all derivative transactions to those intended for hedging purposes. The use of financial instruments for speculative purposes is strictly prohibited. The Company selectively uses financial instruments to manage the market risk from changes in foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, stock-based compensation liabilities and interest rates.

The fair values of all derivatives are recorded in the consolidated statements of financial position. The change in a derivative’s fair value is recorded each period in current earnings or accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI)("AOCI"), depending on whether the derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction and if so, the type of hedge transaction. See Note 10, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," and Note 11, "Fair Value Measurements," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosure of the Company’s derivative instruments and hedging activities.

Investments

The Company invests in debt and equity securities which are classified as available for sale and are marked to market at the end of each accounting period. Unrealized gains and losses on these securities, other than the deferred compensation plan assets, are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive lossAOCI within the consolidated statement of shareholders' equity unless an unrealized loss is deemed to be other than temporary, in which case such loss is charged to earnings. The deferred compensation plan assets are marked to market at the end of each accounting period and all unrealized gains and losses are recorded in the consolidated statements of income.

Pension and Postretirement Benefits

The Company utilizes a mark-to-market approach for recognizing pension and postretirement benefit expenses, including measuring the market related value of plan assets at fair value and recognizing actuarial gains and losses in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or at the date of a remeasurement event. Refer to Note 15, "Retirement Plans," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosure of the Company's pension and postretirement benefit plans.

Loss Contingencies

Accruals are recorded for various contingencies including legal proceedings, environmental matters, self-insurance and other claims that arise in the normal course of business. The accruals are based on judgment, the probability of losses and, where applicable, the consideration of opinions of internal and/or external legal counsel and actuarially determined estimates. Additionally, the Company records receivables from third party insurers when recovery has been determined to be probable.

The Company is subject to laws and regulations relating to protecting the environment. The Company provides for expenses associated with environmental remediation obligations when such amounts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Refer to Note 23,22, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

The Company records liabilities for its workers' compensation, product, general and auto liabilities. The determination of these liabilities and related expenses is dependent on claims experience. For most of these liabilities, claims incurred but not yet reported are estimated by utilizing actuarial valuations based upon historical claims experience. The Company records receivables from third party insurers when recovery has been determined to be probable. The Company maintains captive insurance companies to manage certain of its insurable liabilities.


Asbestos-Related Contingencies and Insurance Receivables

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries along with numerous other companies are named as defendants in personal injury lawsuits based on alleged exposure to asbestos-containing materials. The Company's estimate of the liability and corresponding insurance recovery for pending and future claims and defense costs is based on the Company's historical claim experience, and estimates of the number and resolution cost of potential future claims that may be filed and is discounted to present value from 20692068 (which is the Company's reasonable best estimate of the actuarially determined time period through which asbestos-related claims will be filed against Company affiliates). Asbestos related defense costs are included in the asbestos liability. The Company's legal strategy for resolving claims also impacts these estimates. The Company considers various trends and developments in evaluating the period of time (the look-back period) over which historical claim and settlement experience is used to estimate and value claims reasonably projected to be made through 2069.2068. Annually, the Company assesses the sufficiency of its estimated liability for pending and future claims and defense costs by evaluating actual experience regarding claims filed, settled and dismissed, and amounts paid in settlements. In addition to claims and settlement experience, the Company considers additional quantitative and qualitative factors such as changes in legislation, the legal environment, and the Company's defense strategy. The Company also evaluates the recoverability of its insurance receivable on an annual basis. The Company evaluates all of these factors and determines whether a change in the estimate of its liability for pending and future claims and defense costs or insurance receivable is warranted.

In connection with the recognition of liabilities for asbestos-related matters, the Company records asbestos-related insurance recoveries that are probable. The Company's estimate of asbestos-related insurance recoveries represents estimated amounts due to the Company for previously paid and settled claims and the probable reimbursements relating to its estimated liability for pending and future claims discounted to present value. In determining the amount of insurance recoverable, the Company considers available insurance, allocation methodologies, solvency and creditworthiness of the insurers. Refer to Note 23,22, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for a discussion on management's judgments applied in the recognition and measurement of asbestos-related assets and liabilities.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been reflected in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the differences between the book and tax basesbasis of particular assets and liabilities and operating loss carryforwards, using tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided to offsetreduce the carrying or book value of deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, including consideration of tax planning strategies, it is more-likely-than-not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Refer to Note 18, "Income Taxes," of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

Retrospective Changes

In the fourth quarterCertain amounts as of fiscalSeptember 30, 2017 and 2016 the Company changed its accounting policy for accruing for defense costs related to asbestos claims on a discounted basis. The Company’s historical accounting treatment for asbestos claim defense costs was to accrue as incurred. The new policy is to record an accrual for all future asbestos related defense costs which are determined to be probable and estimable of being incurred. The Company believes this new policy is preferable as it better reflects the economics of settlement of the Company's asbestos claims, improves comparability among the Company’s peer group and provides greater transparency to on-going operating results. These changes have been reported through retrospective application ofrevised to conform to the new policy to all periods presented. These changes did not have an impact to any period presented on the consolidated statements of income. The financial statement impact of this change for all periods presented was an increase to other noncurrent liabilities of $68 million, an increase to other noncurrent assets of $27 million and a decrease to retained earnings of $41 million.current year's presentation.

In SeptemberMarch 2016, as a resultthe FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." ASU No. 2016-09 impacts certain aspects of the Tyco mergeraccounting for share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and further discussed within Note 2, "Merger Transaction,"classification on the statements of cash flows. During the notes to consolidated financial statements, each outstanding share of common stock, par value $1.00 per share, of JCI Inc. common stock (other than shares held by JCI Inc., Tyco and certain of their subsidiaries) was converted intoquarter ended December 31, 2017, the right to receive either a cash consideration or a share consideration.Company adopted ASU No. 2016-09. As a result, the par valueCompany recognized deferred tax assets of the Company’s ordinary shares is $0.01. This change resulted in a decrease to ordinary shares and corresponding increase in capital in excess of par value$179 million in the consolidated statements of financial position related to certain operating loss carryforwards resulting from the exercise of employee stock options and is reportedvested restricted stock on a modified retrospective basis through retrospective applicationa cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of October 1, 2017. Additionally, employee withholding taxes paid to taxing authorities for equity-based compensation transactions, previously classified as cash flows from operating activities, were reclassified to financing activities in the new par valueconsolidated statements of cash flows for all periods presented.the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 for comparative purposes. The remaining provisions of ASU No. 2016-09 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.


New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

On August 17, 2018, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") issued the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-10532, "Disclosure Update and Simplification," that amends certain of its disclosure requirements that have become redundant, duplicative, overlapping, outdated or superseded. The amendments include removing the requirement to disclose the historical and pro forma

ratio of earnings to fixed charges (Exhibit 12) and replacing the requirement to disclose the high and low trading prices of entity's ordinary shares with a requirement to disclose the ticker symbol of its shares. Additionally, the final rule extends to interim periods the annual disclosure requirement of presenting changes in each caption of stockholders' equity and the amount of dividends per share. These disclosures are required to be provided for the current and comparative year-to-date interim periods. The final rule is effective for all filings on or after November 5, 2018. The Company has adopted all relevant disclosure requirements for its annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2018.

In November 2015,March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17,2018-05, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet ClassificationAmendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118," to add various SEC paragraphs pursuant to the issuance of DeferredSEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118") to ASC 740 "Income Taxes." SAB 118 was issued by the SEC in December 2017 to provide immediate guidance for accounting implications of U.S. Tax Reform under the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act" in the period of enactment. SAB 118 provides for a provisional one year measurement period for entities to finalize their accounting for certain income tax effects related to the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act." The Company applied this guidance to its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures beginning in the quarter ended December 31, 2017. Refer to Note 18, "Income Taxes," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17 requires that deferred tax liabilities2017-12, "Derivatives and assets be classified as noncurrent inHedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities." The ASU more closely aligns the consolidated statementsresults of financial position.hedge accounting with risk management activities through amendments to the designation and measurement guidance to better reflect a Company's hedging strategy and effectiveness. During the quarter ended December 31, 2015,2017, the Company early adopted ASU No. 2015-17 and applied the change retrospectively to all periods presented. Historical information was already revised throughout these financial statements to reflect the adoption of ASU No. 2015-17 within the Company's recasted consolidated financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statement for the year ended September 30, 2015 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on March 3, 2016. 

In April 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-08, "Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property, Plant and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity." ASU No. 2014-08 limits discontinued operations reporting to situations where the disposal represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results, and requires expanded disclosures for discontinued operations. ASU No. 2014-08 was effective for the Company for the quarter ended December 31, 2015.2017-12. The adoption of this guidance did not have anya material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements as there were no dispositions or disposals during the quarter ended December 31, 2015. statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2016,March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-17, "Consolidations2017-07, "Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 810)715): Interests Held through Related Parties that are under Common Control.Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost." The ASU changes how a single decision makerrequires the service cost component of a VIE that holds indirect interestnet periodic benefit cost to be presented with other compensation costs. The other components of net periodic benefit cost are required to be presented in the entity through related parties that are under common control determines whether itincome statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations, if one is presented. The ASU also allows only the primary beneficiaryservice cost component of the VIE. The new guidance amends ASU 2015-02, "Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendmentsnet periodic benefit cost to the Consolidation Analysis" issued in February 2015.be eligible for capitalization. The guidance shouldwill be applied coincidentally with the adoption of ASU 2015-02, which is effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2016.2018. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period for which financial statements (interim or annual) have not been issued or made available for issuance. The guidance will be effective retrospectively except for the capitalization of the service cost component which should be applied prospectively. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.statements as the Company does not present a subtotal of income from operations within its consolidated statements of income.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)." The ASU requires amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The guidance will be effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The impact of this guidance for the Company will depend on the levels of restricted cash balances in the periods presented. As of September 30, 2016, the Company had approximately $2.0 billion of restricted cash related to restricted proceeds deposited into escrow from the issuance of $2.0 billion aggregate principal of unsecured, unsubordinated notes by Adient Global Holdings Ltd., that were released upon the completion of the Adient spin-off in October 2016. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-18, the restricted proceeds will be presented in the fiscal 2016 consolidated statements of cash flow as a financing activity inflow, and the release of the restricted proceeds will be presented in the fiscal 2017 consolidated statements of cash flow as a financing activity outflow. The impact of adoption of this standard on fiscal 2018 consolidated statements of cash flow is not expected to be material as the restricted cash balance at September 30, 2018 is $15 million.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, "Accounting for Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Asset Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory".Inventory." The ASU requires the tax effects of all intra-entity sales of assets other than inventory to be recognized in the period in which the transaction occurs. The guidance will be effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018, with early adoption permitted but only in the first interim period of a fiscal year. The changes are required to be applied by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded in retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company is currently assessingexpects that the impactcumulative effect of the adoption of this guidanceASU 2016-16 will have on its consolidated financial statements. result in a reduction to retained earnings of approximately $550 million.


In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments." ASU No. 2016-15 provides clarification guidance on eight specific cash flow presentation issues in order to reduce the diversity in practice. ASU No. 2016-15 will be effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The guidance should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented, unless deemdeemed impracticable, in which case prospective application is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments." ASU No. 2016-13 changes the impairment model for financial assets measured at amortized cost, requiring presentation at the net amount expected to be collected. The measurement of expected credit losses is based upon historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses will now be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. ASU No. 2016-13 will be effective for the Company for the quarter ended December 31, 2020, with early adoption permitted for the quarter ended December 31, 2019. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a significantan impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016,presentation of equity swap funding and settlement activities since the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvementsactivity will change from an operating activity to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." ASU No. 2016-09 impacts certain aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statements of cash flows. ASU No. 2016-09 will be effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2017, with early adoption permitted.an investing activity. The Company is currently assessing the impact adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.


In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-07, "Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting." ASU No. 2016-07 eliminates the requirement for an investment that qualifies for the use of the equity method of accountingdoes not expect any other significant impacts as a result of an increase in the level of ownership or degree of influence to adjust the investment, results of operations and retained earnings retrospectively. ASU No. 2016-07 will be effective prospectively for the Company for increases in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence that result in the adoption of the equity method that occur during or after the quarter ending December 31, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The impact ofadopting this guidance for the Company is dependent on any future increases in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence that result in the adoption of the equity method. standard.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)." ASU No. 2016-02 requires recognition of operating leases as lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet, and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. ASU No. 2016-02 will beThe original standard was effective retrospectively for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2019 with early adoption permitted.permitted; however in July 2018 the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, "Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements," which provides an additional transition method that permits changes to be applied by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded in retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company has elected this transition method at the adoption date of October 1, 2019. The Company has started the assessment process by evaluating the population of leases under the revised definition of what qualifies as a leased asset. The Company is the lessee under various agreements for facilities and equipment that are currently assessingaccounted for as operating leases. The new guidance will require the impact adoption of thisCompany to record operating leases on the balance sheet with a right-of-use asset and corresponding liability for future payment obligations. Additionally in January 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-01, "Leases (Topic 842): Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842," which provides an optional transition practical expedient for existing or expired land easements that were not previously recorded as leases. The Company expects the new guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated statements of financial statements.position for the addition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, but the Company does not expect it to have a material impact on its consolidated statements of income and its consolidated statements of cash flows.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, "Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities." ASU No. 2016-01 amends certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments.instruments, including marketable securities. ASU No. 2016-01 will be effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018, and early adoption is not permitted, with certain exceptions. The changes are required to be applied by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment on the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company is currently assessing the impact adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In July 2015,Additionally in February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, "Simplifying the2018-03, "Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Inventory.Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities," which provides additional clarification on certain topics addressed in ASU No. 2015-11 requires inventory that is recorded using the first-in, first-out method to be measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value.2016-01. ASU No. 2015-112018-01 will be effective prospectively for the Company when ASU No. 2016-01 is adopted. The impact of this guidance for the quarter ending December 31, 2017, with early adoption permitted.Company will depend on the magnitude of the unrealized gains and losses on the Company's marketable securities investments. The impact to beginning retained earnings as a result of the adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-07, "Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent)." ASU No. 2015-07 removes the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments for which fair value is measured using the net asset value per share practical expedient. Such investments should be disclosed separate from the fair value hierarchy. ASU No. 2015-07 will be effective retrospectively for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements but will impact pension asset disclosures.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, "Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs." ASU No. 2015-03 requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability. ASU No. 2015-03 will be effective retrospectively for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, "Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis." ASU No. 2015-02 amends the analysis performed to determine whether a reporting entity should consolidate certain types of legal entities. The ASU No. 2015-02 was amended by ASU No. 2016-17, "Consolidations (Topic 810): Interests Held through Related Parties that are under Common Control," issued in October 2016. ASU No. 2015-02 will be effective retrospectively for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. material.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)." ASU No. 2014-09 clarifies the principles for recognizing revenue when an entity either enters into a contract with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into a contract for the transfer of non-financial assets. The original standard was effective retrospectively for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2017; however in August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date," which defers the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 by one-year for all entities. The new standard will become effective retrospectively for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018, with early adoption permitted, but not before the original effective date. Additionally, in March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)," in April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing," and in May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients," and in December 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-20, "Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers," all of which provide additional clarification on certain topics addressed in ASU No. 2014-09. ASU No. 2016-08, ASU No. 2016-10, ASU No. 2016-12 and ASU

No. 2016-122016-20 follow the same implementation guidelines as ASU No. 2014-09 and ASU No. 2015-14. The Company is currently assessinghas elected to adopt the impact adoptionnew revenue guidance as of this guidance will haveOctober 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The Company has completed its evaluation of the new revenue recognition standard and has assessed the impact on its consolidated financial statements. Based on the Company’s evaluation of current contracts and significant revenue streams, revenue recognition is expected to be mostly consistent under both the current and new standard, with the exception of the Power Solutions business. Within the Power Solutions business, certain customers return battery cores which will be included in the transaction price as noncash consideration under the new revenue standard. This change is expected to result in an increase to annual Power Solutions revenue of approximately 10% - 15% and an immaterial impact to gross profit. The Company does not expect the new revenue standard will have a material impact on its consolidated statements of financial position or its consolidated statements of cash flows. Upon adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance, the Company expects to record approximately

$35 million to beginning retained earnings, which relates primarily to deferred revenue recorded for certain battery core returns that represent a material right provided to customers.

Other recently issued accounting pronouncements are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated
financial statements.

2.    MERGER TRANSACTION

As discussed in Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements, JCI Inc. and Tyco completed the Merger on September 2, 2016. The Merger was accounted for as a reverse acquisition using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, "Business Combinations." Based on the structure of the Merger and other activities contemplated by the Merger Agreement, relative outstanding share ownership, the composition of the Company's board of directors and the designation of certain senior management positions of the Company, JCI Inc. was the accounting acquirer for financial reporting purposes.

Immediately prior to the Merger and in connection therewith, Tyco shareholders received 0.955 ordinary shares of Tyco (which shares are now referred to as shares of the Company, or “Company ordinary shares”) for each Tyco ordinary share they held by virtue of a 0.955-for-one share consolidation. In the Merger, each outstanding share of common stock, par value $1.00 per share, of JCI Inc. (“JCI Inc. common stock”) (other than shares held by JCI Inc., Tyco and certain of their subsidiaries) was converted into the right to receive either the cash consideration or the share consideration (each as described below), at the election of the holder, subject to proration procedures described in the Merger Agreement and applicable withholding taxes.  The election to receive the cash consideration was undersubscribed. As a result, holders of shares of JCI Inc. common stock that elected to receive the share consideration and holders of shares of JCI Inc. common stock that made no election (or failed to properly make an election) became entitled to receive, for each such share of JCI Inc. common stock, $5.7293 in cash, without interest, and 0.8357 Company ordinary shares, subject to applicable withholding taxes. Holders of shares of JCI Inc. common stock that elected to receive the cash consideration became entitled to receive, for each such share of JCI Inc. common stock, $34.88 in cash, without interest, subject to applicable withholding taxes.  In the merger,Merger, JCI Inc. shareholders received, in the aggregate, approximately $3.864 billion in cash. Immediately after the closing of, and giving effect to, the Merger, former JCI Inc. shareholders owned approximately 56% of the issued and outstanding Company ordinary shares and former Tyco stockholders owned approximately 44% of the issued and outstanding Company ordinary shares.

Tyco is a leading global provider of security products and services as well as fire detection and suppression products and services, and life safety products.services. The acquisition of Tyco brings together best-in-class product, technology and service capabilities across controls, fire, security, HVAC and power solutions and energy storage, to serve various end-markets including large institutions, commercial buildings, retail, industrial, small business and residential.  The combination of the Tyco and JCI Inc. buildings platforms is expected to createcreates immediate opportunities for near-term growth through cross-selling, complementary branch and channel networks, and expanded global reach for established businesses. The new Company is also expected to benefitbenefits by combining innovation capabilities and pipelines involving new products, advanced solutions for smart buildings and cities, value-added services driven by advanced data and analytics and connectivity between buildings and energy storage through infrastructure integration.analytics.

Fair Value of Consideration Transferred

The total fair value of consideration transferred was approximately $19.7 billion. Total consideration is comprised of the equity value of the Tyco shares that were outstanding as of September 2, 2016 and the portion of Tyco's share awards and share options earned as of September 2, 2016 ($224 million). Share awards and share options not earned ($101 million) as of September 2, 2016 will be expensed over the remaining future vesting period, including $10 million and $23 million recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses and restructuring and impairment costs, respectively, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016 as a result of change-in-control provisions for current and former employees.


The following table summarizes the total fair value of consideration transferred:
(in millions, except for share consolidation ratio and share data)  
   
Number of Tyco shares outstanding at September 2, 2016 427,181,743
Tyco share consolidation ratio 0.955
Tyco ordinary shares outstanding following the share consolidation
     and immediately prior to the merger
 407,958,565
JCI Inc. converted share price (1) $47.67
Fair value of equity portion of the merger consideration $19,447
Fair value of Tyco equity awards 224
   Total fair value of consideration transferred $19,671

(1)Amount equals JCI Inc. closing share price and market capitalization at September 2, 2016 ($45.45 and $29,012 million, respectively) adjusted for the Tyco $3,864 million cash contribution used to purchase 110.8 million shares of JCI Inc. common stock for $34.88 per share.

Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities AssumedHeld for Sale

The Company accountedclassifies assets and liabilities (disposal groups) to be sold as held for sale in the merger with Tycoperiod in which all of the following criteria are met: management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the disposal group; the disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such disposal groups; an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the disposal group have been initiated; the sale of the disposal group is probable, and transfer of the disposal group is expected to qualify for recognition as a business combination usingcompleted sale within one year, except if events or circumstances beyond the acquisition methodCompany's control extend the period of accounting. The assets acquiredtime required to sell the disposal group beyond one year; the disposal group is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and liabilities assumed were recorded at their respective fair values as ofactions required to complete the acquisition date.plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

AsIn addition, the Company finalizesclassifies disposal groups to be disposed of other than by sale (e.g. spin-off) as held for sale in the period the disposal occurs.

The Company initially measures a disposal group that is classified as held for sale at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less any costs to sell. Any loss resulting from this measurement is recognized in the period in which the held for sale criteria are met. Conversely, gains are not recognized on the sale of a disposal group until the date of sale. The Company assesses the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, additional purchase price adjustments may be recorded during the measurementa disposal group, less any costs to sell, each reporting period in fiscal 2017. Fair value estimates are based on a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and rely heavily on estimates and assumptions. The judgments used to determine the estimated fair value assigned to each class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed,it remains classified as well as asset lives, can materially impact the Company's results of operations. The finalization of the purchase accounting assessment may result in a change in the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and may have a material impact on the Company's results of operations and financial position.


The preliminary fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are as follows (in millions):
Cash and cash equivalents $489
Accounts receivable 1,648
Inventories 829
Other current assets 1,062
Property, plant, and equipment - net 1,224
Goodwill 16,363
Intangible assets - net 6,203
Other noncurrent assets 560
   Total assets acquired $28,378
   
Short-term debt $462
Accounts payable 711
Accrued compensation and benefits 305
Other current liabilities 1,608
Long-term debt 6,416
Long-term deferred tax liabilities 1,173
Long-term pension and postretirement benefits 774
Other noncurrent liabilities 1,088
   Total liabilities acquired $12,537
Noncontrolling interests 34
Net assets acquired $15,807
Cash consideration paid to JCI Inc. shareholders 3,864
   Total fair value of consideration transferred $19,671

In connection with the merger, the Company recorded goodwill of $16.4 billion, which is attributable primarily to expected synergies, expanded market opportunities, and other benefits that the Company believes will result from combining its operations with the operations of Tyco. The goodwill created in the merger is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes and is subject to potential significant changes as the purchase price allocation is completed. Goodwill has preliminarily been allocated to the Tyco segment based on how the business was reviewed by the Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016 as shown in Note 7, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets."

The preliminary purchase price allocation to identifiable intangible assets acquired are as follows:
  Preliminary Fair Value (in millions) Weighted Average Life (in years)
Customer relationships $2,280
 11
Completed technology 1,530
 10
Other definite-lived intangibles 223
 8
Indefinite-lived trademarks 2,020
  
Other indefinite-lived intangibles 90
  
In-process research and development 60
  
Total identifiable intangible assets $6,203
 

Actual and Pro Forma Impact

The Company's consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016 include Tyco's results of operations from the acquisition date of September 2, 2016 through September 30, 2016. Net sales, segment earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), and net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Tyco during this period and included in the Company's consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016 total $808 million, ($17) million and ($48) million, respectively. The ($17) million segment EBIT includes $74 million of losses for nonrecurring purchasing accounting adjustments including the amortization from the step-up in fair value of inventory acquired and deferred revenue fair value adjustments, $29

million of acquisition costs and $21 million of incremental recurring intangible asset amortization, all of which relate to the Tyco acquisition.

The following unaudited pro forma information assumes the acquisition had occurred on October 1, 2014, and had been included in the Company's consolidated statements of income for fiscal years 2016 and 2015.

  Year Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2016 2015
     
Pro forma net sales $46,484
 $46,987
Pro forma net income (loss) from continuing
   operations
 (457) 1,473

In order to reflect the occurrence of the acquisition on October 1, 2014 as required, the unaudited pro forma results include adjustments to reflect, among other things, the amortization of the inventory step-up, the incremental intangible asset amortization to be incurred based on the preliminary values of each identifiable intangible asset, the change in timing of defined benefit plans' mark-to-market gain or loss recognition, the change in timing of transaction and restructuring costs, and interest expense from debt financing obtained to fund the cash consideration paid to JCI Inc. shareholders. These pro forma amounts are not necessarily indicative of the results that would have been obtained if the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the period presented or that may occur in the future, and does not reflect future synergies, integration costs, or other such costs or savings. Additional information regarding fiscal 2016 pro forma information can be found in the Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on November 8, 2016 under Item 7.01, “Regulation FD Disclosure.”

3.ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES

Fiscal Year 2016

On October 1, 2015, the Company formed a joint venture with Hitachi to expand its Building Efficiency product offerings. The Company acquired a 60 percent ownership interest in the new entity for approximately $133 million ($563 million purchase price less cash acquired of $430 million). The purchase price, net of cash acquired, was paid as of September 30, 2016. In connection with the acquisition, the Company recorded goodwill of $253 million related to purchase price allocations.

Also during fiscal 2016, the Company completed two additional acquisitions for a combined purchase price, net of cash acquired, of $6 million, $3 million of which was paid as of September 30, 2016. The acquisitions in aggregate were not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. In connection with the acquisitions, the Company recorded goodwill of $6 million. One of the acquisitions increased the Company's ownership from a noncontrolling to controlling interest. As a result, the Company recorded a non-cash gain of $4 million in equity income for the Building Efficiency Rest of World segment to adjust the Company's existing equity investment in the partially-owned affiliate to fair value.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company completed two divestitures for a combined sales price of $39 million, exclusive of net cash divested of $13 million. None of the sales proceeds were received as of September 30, 2016. The divestitures were not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. In connection with the divestitures, the Company recorded a gain of $12 million within selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of income and reduced goodwill by $13 million and $3 million in the Building Efficiency Rest of World segment and Building Efficiency Products North America segment, respectively.

In the third quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company completed a divestiture for a sales price of $16 million, all of which was received as of September 30, 2016. The divestiture was not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. In connection with the divestiture, the Company recorded a gain of $14 million within selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of income and reduced goodwill by $3 million in the Building Efficiency Systems and Service North America segment.

During fiscal 2016, the Company received $29 million in net cash proceeds related to prior year business divestitures.


Fiscal Year 2015

During fiscal 2015, the Company completed three acquisitions for a combined purchase price, net of cash acquired, of $47 million, $18 million of which was paid as of September 30, 2015. The acquisitions in the aggregate were not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In connection with the acquisitions, the Company recorded goodwill of $9 million.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company completed the sale of its GWS business to CBRE Group, Inc. The selling price, net of cash divested, was $1.4 billion, all of which was received as of September 30, 2015. In connection with the sale, the Company recorded a $940 million gain, $643 million net of tax, within income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, on the consolidated statements of income and reduced goodwill in assets held for sale by $220 million. At March 31, 2015,and reports any subsequent changes as an adjustment to the Company determinedcarrying value of the disposal group, as long as the new carrying value does not exceed the carrying value of the disposal group at the time it was initially classified as held for sale.

Upon determining that the GWS segment meta disposal group meets the criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation.held for sale, the Company reports the assets and liabilities of the disposal group, if material, in the line items assets held for sale and liabilities held for sale in the consolidated statements of financial position. Refer to Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further disclosureinformation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.


Restricted Cash

At September 30, 2018, the Company held restricted cash of approximately $15 million, of which $6 million was recorded within other current assets in the consolidated statements of financial position and $9 million was recorded within other noncurrent assets in the consolidated statements of financial position. At September 30, 2017, the Company held restricted cash of approximately $31 million, of which $22 million was recorded within other current assets in the consolidated statements of financial position and $9 million was recorded within other noncurrent assets in the consolidated statements of financial position.

Receivables

Receivables consist of amounts billed and currently due from customers and unbilled costs and accrued profits related to revenues on long-term contracts that have been recognized for accounting purposes but not yet billed to customers. The Company extends credit to customers in the normal course of business and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts resulting from the inability or unwillingness of customers to make required payments. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on historical experience, existing economic conditions and any specific customer collection issues the Company has identified. The Company enters into supply chain financing programs to sell certain accounts receivable without recourse to third-party financial institutions. Sales of accounts receivable are reflected as a reduction of accounts receivable on the consolidated statements of financial position and the proceeds are included in cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.  

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market using the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method. Finished goods and work-in-process inventories include material, labor and manufacturing overhead costs.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes and accelerated methods for income tax purposes. The estimated useful lives generally range from 3 to 40 years for buildings and improvements, subscriber systems up to 15 years, and from 3 to 15 years for machinery and equipment. The Company capitalizes interest on borrowings during the active construction period of major capital projects. Capitalized interest is added to the cost of the underlying assets and is amortized over the useful lives of the assets.

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Goodwill reflects the cost of an acquisition in excess of the fair values assigned to identifiable net assets acquired. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment during the fourth fiscal quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired. The Company performs impairment reviews for its reporting units, which have been determined to be the Company’s reportable segments or one level below the reportable segments in certain instances, using a fair value method based on management’s judgments and assumptions or third party valuations. The fair value of a reporting unit refers to the price that would be received to sell the unit as a whole in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In estimating the fair value, the Company uses multiples of earnings based on the average of published multiples of earnings of comparable entities with similar operations and economic characteristics and applies to the Company's discontinued operations.

average of historical and future financial results. In certain instances, the Company uses discounted cash flow analyses or estimated sales price to further support the fair value estimates. The inputs utilized in the analyses are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement." The estimated fair value is then compared with the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including recorded goodwill. The Company is subject to financial statement risk to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015,2018, the Company changed the date of its annual goodwill impairment test from September 30 to July 31. The change was made to more closely align the impairment testing date with the Company’s long-term planning and forecasting process. The change in the annual impairment testing date did not delay, accelerate or avoid an impairment charge. The Company has determined this change in accounting principle is preferable and does not result in adjustments to the Company’s financial statements when applied retrospectively. Refer to Note 7, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information regarding the goodwill impairment testing performed in the fourth quarters of fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are also subject to at least annual impairment testing. Indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of trademarks and tradenames and are tested for impairment using a relief-from-royalty method. A considerable amount of management judgment and assumptions are required in performing the impairment tests.


Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets, including tangible assets and other intangible assets with definitive lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company conducts its long-lived asset impairment analyses in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, "Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets," ASC 350-30, "General Intangibles Other than Goodwill" and ASC 985-20, "Costs of software to be sold, leased, or marketed." ASC 360-10-15 requires the Company to group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset group is recoverable, an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or appraisals. ASC 350-30 requires intangible assets acquired in a business combination that are used in research and development activities to be considered indefinite lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. During the period that those assets are considered indefinite lived, they shall not be amortized but shall be tested for impairment annually and more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired.  If the carrying amount of an intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an entity shall recognize an impairment loss in an amount equal to that excess. ASC 985-20 requires the unamortized capitalized costs of a computer software product be compared to the net realizable value of that product. The amount by which the unamortized capitalized costs of a computer software product exceed the net realizable value of that asset shall be written off. Refer to Note 17, "Impairment of Long-Lived Assets," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information regarding the impairment testing performed in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Revenue Recognition

The Building Technologies & Solutions business recognizes revenue from certain long-term contracts over the contractual period under the percentage-of-completion ("POC") method of accounting. This method of accounting recognizes sales and gross profit as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs incurred and total estimated costs at completion. Recognized revenues that will not be billed under the terms of the contract until a later date are recorded primarily in accounts receivable. Likewise, contracts where billings to date have exceeded recognized revenues are recorded primarily in deferred revenue. Costs and earnings in excess of billings related to these contracts were $1,054 million and $908 million at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Billings in excess of costs and earnings related to these contracts were $535 million and $451 million at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Changes to the original estimates may be required during the life of the contract and such estimates are reviewed monthly. Sales and gross profit are adjusted using the cumulative catch-up method for revisions in estimated total contract costs and contract values. Estimated contract losses are recorded when identified. Claims against customers are recognized as revenue upon settlement. The use of the POC method of accounting involves considerable use of estimates in determining revenues, costs and profits and in assigning the amounts to accounting periods. The periodic reviews have not resulted in adjustments that were significant to the Company’s results of operations. The Company continually evaluates all of the assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent with the application of the POC method of accounting.

The Building Technologies & Solutions business enters into extended warranties and long-term service and maintenance agreements with certain customers. For these arrangements, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective contract term.

The Building Technologies & Solutions business also sells certain HVAC and refrigeration products and services in bundled arrangements, where multiple products and/or services are involved. Significant deliverables within these arrangements include equipment, commissioning, service labor and extended warranties. Approximately four to twelve months separate the timing of the first deliverable until the last piece of equipment is delivered, and there may be extended warranty arrangements with duration of one to five years commencing upon the end of the standard warranty period. In addition, the Building Technologies & Solutions business sells security monitoring systems that may have multiple elements, including equipment, installation, monitoring services and maintenance agreements. Revenues associated with sale of equipment and related installations are recognized once delivery, installation and customer acceptance is completed, its global automotive interiors joint venturewhile the revenue for monitoring and maintenance services are recognized as services are rendered. In accordance with Yanfeng Automotive Trim Systems.Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2009-13, "Revenue Recognition (Topic 605): Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements - A Consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force," the Company divides bundled arrangements into separate deliverables and revenue is allocated to each deliverable based on the relative selling price method. In order to estimate relative selling price, market data and transfer price studies are utilized. Revenue recognized for security monitoring equipment and installation is limited to the lesser of their allocated amounts under the estimated selling price hierarchy or the non-contingent up-front consideration received at the time of installation, since collection of future amounts under the arrangement with the customer is contingent upon the delivery of monitoring and maintenance services. For transactions in which the Company retains ownership of the subscriber system asset, fees for monitoring and maintenance services are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term. Non-refundable fees received in connection with the divestitureinitiation of a monitoring

contract, along with associated direct and incremental selling costs, are deferred and amortized over the estimated life of the Interiors business,customer relationship.

In all other cases, the Company recognizes revenue at the time title passes to the customer or as services are performed.

Subscriber System Assets, Dealer Intangibles and Related Deferred Revenue Accounts

The Building Technologies & Solutions business considers assets related to the acquisition of new customers in its electronic security business in three asset categories: internally generated residential subscriber systems outside of North America, internally generated commercial subscriber systems (collectively referred to as subscriber system assets) and customer accounts acquired through the ADT dealer program, primarily outside of North America (referred to as dealer intangibles). Subscriber system assets include installed property, plant and equipment for which the Company retains ownership and deferred costs directly related to the customer acquisition and system installation. Subscriber system assets represent capitalized equipment (e.g. security control panels, touchpad, motion detectors, window sensors, and other equipment) and installation costs associated with electronic security monitoring arrangements under which the Company retains ownership of the security system assets in a customer's place of business, or outside of North America, residence. Installation costs represent costs incurred to prepare the asset for its intended use. The Company pays property taxes on the subscriber system assets and upon customer termination, may retrieve such assets. These assets embody a probable future economic benefit as they generate future monitoring revenue for the Company.

Costs related to the subscriber system equipment and installation are categorized as property, plant and equipment rather than deferred costs. Deferred costs associated with subscriber system assets represent direct and incremental selling expenses (such as commissions) related to acquiring the customer. Commissions related to up-front consideration paid by customers in connection with the establishment of the monitoring arrangement are determined based on a percentage of the up-front fees and do not exceed deferred revenue. Such deferred costs are recorded as other current and noncurrent assets within the consolidated statements of financial position.

Subscriber system assets and any deferred revenue resulting from the customer acquisition are accounted for over the expected life of the subscriber. In certain geographical areas where the Company has a $145 million gain, $38 million netlarge number of tax.customers that behave in a similar manner over time, the Company accounts for subscriber system assets and related deferred revenue using pools, with separate pools for the components of subscriber system assets and any related deferred revenue based on the same month and year of acquisition. The pre-tax gain isCompany depreciates its pooled subscriber system assets and related deferred revenue using a straight-line method with lives up to 12 years and considering customer attrition. The Company uses a straight-line method with a 15-year life for non-pooled subscriber system assets (primarily in Europe, Latin America and Asia) and related deferred revenue, with remaining balances written off upon customer termination.

Certain contracts and related customer relationships result from purchasing residential security monitoring contracts from an external network of independent dealers who operate under the ADT dealer program, primarily outside of North America. Acquired contracts and related customer relationships are recorded at their contractually determined purchase price.

During the first 6 months (12 months in certain circumstances) after the purchase of the customer contract, any cancellation of monitoring service, including those that result from customer payment delinquencies, results in a chargeback by the Company to the dealer for the full amount of the contract purchase price. The Company records the amount charged back to the dealer as a reduction of the previously recorded intangible asset.

Intangible assets arising from the ADT dealer program described above are amortized in pools determined by the same month and year of contract acquisition on a straight-line basis over the period of the customer relationship. The estimated useful life of dealer intangibles ranges from 12 to 15 years.

Research and Development Costs

Expenditures for research activities relating to product development and improvement are charged against income as incurred and included within selling, general and administrative expenses onfor continuing operations in the consolidated statements of incomeincome. Such expenditures for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and reduced goodwill in assets held for sale by $21 million.2016 were $380 million, $360 million and $158 million, respectively.

AlsoEarnings Per Share

The Company presents both basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") amounts. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Johnson Controls by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period.

Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Johnson Controls by the weighted average number of common shares and common equivalent shares outstanding during the reporting period that are calculated using the treasury stock method for stock options, unvested restricted stock and unvested performance share awards. See Note 13, "Earnings per Share," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for the calculation of earnings per share.

Foreign Currency Translation

Substantially all of the Company’s international operations use the respective local currency as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of international entities have been translated at period-end exchange rates, and income and expenses have been translated using average exchange rates for the period. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies are adjusted to reflect period-end exchange rates. The aggregate transaction gains (losses), net of the impact of foreign currency hedges, included in net income for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were $(5) million, $94 million and $(95) million, respectively.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company has written policies and procedures that place all financial instruments under the direction of Corporate treasury and restrict all derivative transactions to those intended for hedging purposes. The use of financial instruments for speculative purposes is strictly prohibited. The Company selectively uses financial instruments to manage the market risk from changes in foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, stock-based compensation liabilities and interest rates.

The fair values of all derivatives are recorded in the consolidated statements of financial position. The change in a derivative’s fair value is recorded each period in current earnings or accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI"), depending on whether the derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction and if so, the type of hedge transaction. See Note 10, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," and Note 11, "Fair Value Measurements," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosure of the Company’s derivative instruments and hedging activities.

Investments

The Company invests in debt and equity securities which are classified as available for sale and are marked to market at the end of each accounting period. Unrealized gains and losses on these securities, other than the deferred compensation plan assets, are recognized in AOCI within the consolidated statement of shareholders' equity unless an unrealized loss is deemed to be other than temporary, in which case such loss is charged to earnings. The deferred compensation plan assets are marked to market at the end of each accounting period and all unrealized gains and losses are recorded in the consolidated statements of income.

Pension and Postretirement Benefits

The Company utilizes a mark-to-market approach for recognizing pension and postretirement benefit expenses, including measuring the market related value of plan assets at fair value and recognizing actuarial gains and losses in the fourth quarter of each fiscal 2015,year or at the date of a remeasurement event. Refer to Note 15, "Retirement Plans," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosure of the Company's pension and postretirement benefit plans.

Loss Contingencies

Accruals are recorded for various contingencies including legal proceedings, environmental matters, self-insurance and other claims that arise in the normal course of business. The accruals are based on judgment, the probability of losses and, where applicable, the consideration of opinions of internal and/or external legal counsel and actuarially determined estimates. Additionally, the Company completed fourrecords receivables from third party insurers when recovery has been determined to be probable.

The Company is subject to laws and regulations relating to protecting the environment. The Company provides for expenses associated with environmental remediation obligations when such amounts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Refer to Note 22, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

The Company records liabilities for its workers' compensation, product, general and auto liabilities. The determination of these liabilities and related expenses is dependent on claims experience. For most of these liabilities, claims incurred but not yet reported are estimated by utilizing actuarial valuations based upon historical claims experience. The Company records receivables from third party insurers when recovery has been determined to be probable. The Company maintains captive insurance companies to manage its insurable liabilities.


Asbestos-Related Contingencies and Insurance Receivables

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries along with numerous other companies are named as defendants in personal injury lawsuits based on alleged exposure to asbestos-containing materials. The Company's estimate of the liability and corresponding insurance recovery for pending and future claims and defense costs is based on the Company's historical claim experience, and estimates of the number and resolution cost of potential future claims that may be filed and is discounted to present value from 2068 (which is the Company's reasonable best estimate of the actuarially determined time period through which asbestos-related claims will be filed against Company affiliates). Asbestos related defense costs are included in the asbestos liability. The Company's legal strategy for resolving claims also impacts these estimates. The Company considers various trends and developments in evaluating the period of time (the look-back period) over which historical claim and settlement experience is used to estimate and value claims reasonably projected to be made through 2068. Annually, the Company assesses the sufficiency of its estimated liability for pending and future claims and defense costs by evaluating actual experience regarding claims filed, settled and dismissed, and amounts paid in settlements. In addition to claims and settlement experience, the Company considers additional divestituresquantitative and qualitative factors such as changes in legislation, the legal environment, and the Company's defense strategy. The Company also evaluates the recoverability of its insurance receivable on an annual basis. The Company evaluates all of these factors and determines whether a change in the estimate of its liability for pending and future claims and defense costs or insurance receivable is warranted.

In connection with the recognition of liabilities for asbestos-related matters, the Company records asbestos-related insurance recoveries that are probable. The Company's estimate of asbestos-related insurance recoveries represents estimated amounts due to the Company for previously paid and settled claims and the probable reimbursements relating to its estimated liability for pending and future claims discounted to present value. In determining the amount of insurance recoverable, the Company considers available insurance, allocation methodologies, solvency and creditworthiness of the insurers. Refer to Note 22, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for a combined sales pricediscussion on management's judgments applied in the recognition and measurement of $119 million, $86 millionasbestos-related assets and liabilities.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been reflected in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the differences between the book and tax basis of particular assets and liabilities and operating loss carryforwards, using tax rates in effect for the years in which was receivedthe differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the carrying or book value of deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, including consideration of tax planning strategies, it is more-likely-than-not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Refer to Note 18, "Income Taxes," of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

Retrospective Changes

Certain amounts as of September 30, 2015. The divestitures were not material2017 and 2016 have been revised to conform to the Company's consolidated financial statements. In connection with the divestitures, the Company recorded a gain of $38 million within selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of income and reduced goodwill by $14 million in the Building Efficiency Products North America segment, recorded a gain of $10 million within selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of income and reduced goodwill by $4 million in the Automotive Experience Seating segment and recorded a gain of $7 million within selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of income and reduced goodwill by $2 million in the Building Efficiency Systems and Service North America segment.current year's presentation.

In March 2016, the first nine monthsFASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." ASU No. 2016-09 impacts certain aspects of fiscal 2015,the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statements of cash flows. During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, the Company adjusted the purchase price allocation of the fiscal 2014 acquisition of Air Distribution Technologies Inc. (ADTi). The adjustment was made as a result of a true-up to the purchase price in the amount of $4 million, all of which was paid as of September 30, 2015. Also, in connection with this acquisition, the Company recorded additional goodwill of $34 million in fiscal 2015 related to the final purchase price allocations.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company completed the sale of its interests in two GWS joint ventures to Brookfield Asset Management, Inc. The selling price, net of cash divested, was $141 million, all of which was received as of September 30, 2015. In connection with the sale, the Company recorded a $200 million gain, $127 million net of tax, within income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, on the consolidated statements of income and reduced goodwill in assets held for sale by $20 million.

Fiscal Year 2014

In the third quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company completed its purchase of ADTi for approximately $1.6 billion, net of cash acquired, all of which was paid as of June 30, 2014. ADTi is one of the largest independent providers of air distribution and ventilation products in North America. In the third quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company completed a public offering of $1.7 billion aggregate principal amount of fixed rate senior notes to finance the purchase of ADTi. In fiscal 2014, the Company recorded goodwill of $837 million in the Building Efficiency Products North America segment as a result of the ADTi acquisition. The Company also recorded approximately $477 million of intangible assets that are subject to amortization, of which approximately $475 million was assigned to customer relationships with useful lives between 18 and 20 years. In addition, the Company recorded approximately $230 million of trade names that are not subject to amortization.

Also during fiscal 2014, the Company completed four additional acquisitions for a combined purchase price, net of cash acquired, of $144 million, all of which was paid as of September 30, 2014. The acquisitions in the aggregate were not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. In connection with the acquisitions, the Company recorded goodwill of $140 million. Three of the acquisitions increased the Company's ownership from a noncontrolling to controlling interest.adopted ASU No. 2016-09. As a result, the Company recorded a combined non-cash gainrecognized deferred tax assets of $38$179 million in equity income to adjust the Company's existing equity investments in the partially-owned affiliates to fair value. The $38 million gain includes $19 million for the Power Solutions business and $19 million for the Building Efficiency Asia business.


In the third quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company completed the divestiture of the Automotive Experience Interiors headliner and sun visor product lines. As part of this divestiture, the Company made a cash payment of $54 million to the buyer to fund future operational improvement initiatives. The Company recorded a pre-tax loss on divestiture, including transaction costs, of $95 million within selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of income. The tax impactfinancial position related to certain operating loss carryforwards resulting from the exercise of the divestiture was income tax expenseemployee stock options and vested restricted stock on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of $38 million dueOctober 1, 2017. Additionally, employee withholding taxes paid to the jurisdictional mix of gains and losses on the sale, which resultedtaxing authorities for equity-based compensation transactions, previously classified as cash flows from operating activities, were reclassified to financing activities in non-benefited losses in certain countries and taxable gains in other countries. There was no change in goodwill as a result of this transaction.

In the third quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company recorded a $25 million charge within income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, on the consolidated statements of cash flows for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 for comparative purposes. The remaining provisions of ASU No. 2016-09 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

On August 17, 2018, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") issued the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-10532, "Disclosure Update and Simplification," that amends certain of its disclosure requirements that have become redundant, duplicative, overlapping, outdated or superseded. The amendments include removing the requirement to disclose the historical and pro forma

ratio of earnings to fixed charges (Exhibit 12) and replacing the requirement to disclose the high and low trading prices of entity's ordinary shares with a requirement to disclose the ticker symbol of its shares. Additionally, the final rule extends to interim periods the annual disclosure requirement of presenting changes in each caption of stockholders' equity and the amount of dividends per share. These disclosures are required to be provided for the current and comparative year-to-date interim periods. The final rule is effective for all filings on or after November 5, 2018. The Company has adopted all relevant disclosure requirements for its annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2018.

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118," to add various SEC paragraphs pursuant to the issuance of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118") to ASC 740 "Income Taxes." SAB 118 was issued by the SEC in December 2017 to provide immediate guidance for accounting implications of U.S. Tax Reform under the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act" in the period of enactment. SAB 118 provides for a provisional one year measurement period for entities to finalize their accounting for certain income tax effects related to the indemnification of certain costs associated with a divested GWS business"Tax Cuts and Jobs Act." The Company applied this guidance to its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures beginning in 2004.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company announced that it had reached an agreement to sell the remainder of its Automotive Experience Electronics business to Visteon Corporation, subject to regulatory and other approvals. The sale closed on July 1, 2014. The cash proceeds from the sale were $266 million, all of which was received as of September 30, 2014. At Marchended December 31, 2014, the Company determined that the Automotive Experience Electronics segment met the criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation.2017. Refer to Note 4, "Discontinued Operations,18, "Income Taxes," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further disclosure related to the Company's discontinued operations.information.

In August 2017, the firstFASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities." The ASU more closely aligns the results of hedge accounting with risk management activities through amendments to the designation and measurement guidance to better reflect a Company's hedging strategy and effectiveness. During the quarter of fiscal 2014,ended December 31, 2017, the Company completedearly adopted ASU 2017-12. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, "Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost." The ASU requires the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost to be presented with other compensation costs. The other components of net periodic benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations, if one additional divestitureis presented. The ASU also allows only the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost to be eligible for capitalization. The guidance will be effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period for which financial statements (interim or annual) have not been issued or made available for issuance. The guidance will be effective retrospectively except for the capitalization of the service cost component which should be applied prospectively. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a sales pricesignificant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements as the Company does not present a subtotal of $13 million,income from operations within its consolidated statements of income.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)." The ASU requires amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The guidance will be effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The impact of which was received asthis guidance for the Company will depend on the levels of restricted cash balances in the periods presented. As of September 30, 2014. The divestiture was not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In connection with the divestiture,2016, the Company recorded a gain, nethad approximately $2.0 billion of transaction costs,restricted cash related to restricted proceeds deposited into escrow from the issuance of $9 million$2.0 billion aggregate principal of unsecured, unsubordinated notes by Adient Global Holdings Ltd., that were released upon the completion of the Adient spin-off in October 2016. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-18, the restricted proceeds will be presented in the Automotive Experience Interiors segment within selling, general and administrative expenses on thefiscal 2016 consolidated statements of income. There was nocash flow as a financing activity inflow, and the release of the restricted proceeds will be presented in the fiscal 2017 consolidated statements of cash flow as a financing activity outflow. The impact of adoption of this standard on fiscal 2018 consolidated statements of cash flow is not expected to be material as the restricted cash balance at September 30, 2018 is $15 million.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, "Accounting for Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Asset Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory." The ASU requires the tax effects of all intra-entity sales of assets other than inventory to be recognized in the period in which the transaction occurs. The guidance will be effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018, with early adoption permitted but only in the first interim period of a fiscal year. The changes are required to be applied by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded in retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company expects that the cumulative effect of the adoption of ASU 2016-16 will result in a reduction to retained earnings of approximately $550 million.


In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments." ASU No. 2016-15 provides clarification guidance on eight specific cash flow presentation issues in order to reduce the diversity in practice. ASU No. 2016-15 will be effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The guidance should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented, unless deemed impracticable, in which case prospective application is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is expected to have an impact on the presentation of equity swap funding and settlement activities since the activity will change in goodwillfrom an operating activity to an investing activity. The Company does not expect any other significant impacts as a result of adopting this transaction.standard.

DuringIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)." ASU No. 2016-02 requires recognition of operating leases as lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet, and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. The original standard was effective retrospectively for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2019 with early adoption permitted; however in July 2018 the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, "Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements," which provides an additional transition method that permits changes to be applied by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded in retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company has elected this transition method at the adoption date of October 1, 2019. The Company has started the assessment process by evaluating the population of leases under the revised definition of what qualifies as a leased asset. The Company is the lessee under various agreements for facilities and equipment that are currently accounted for as operating leases. The new guidance will require the Company to record operating leases on the balance sheet with a right-of-use asset and corresponding liability for future payment obligations. Additionally in January 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-01, "Leases (Topic 842): Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842," which provides an optional transition practical expedient for existing or expired land easements that were not previously recorded as leases. The Company expects the new guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated statements of financial position for the addition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, but the Company does not expect it to have a material impact on its consolidated statements of income and its consolidated statements of cash flows.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, "Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities." ASU No. 2016-01 amends certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments, including marketable securities. ASU No. 2016-01 will be effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018, and early adoption is not permitted, with certain exceptions. The changes are required to be applied by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment on the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. Additionally in February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-03, "Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities," which provides additional clarification on certain topics addressed in ASU No. 2016-01. ASU No. 2018-01 will be effective for the Company when ASU No. 2016-01 is adopted. The impact of this guidance for the Company will depend on the magnitude of the unrealized gains and losses on the Company's marketable securities investments. The impact to beginning retained earnings as a result of the adoption of this guidance is not expected to be material.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)." ASU No. 2014-09 clarifies the principles for recognizing revenue when an entity either enters into a contract with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into a contract for the transfer of non-financial assets. The original standard was effective retrospectively for the Company adjustedfor the purchasequarter ending December 31, 2017; however in August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date," which defers the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 by one-year for all entities. The new standard will become effective retrospectively for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018, with early adoption permitted, but not before the original effective date. Additionally, in March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)," in April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing," in May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients," and in December 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-20, "Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers," all of which provide additional clarification on certain topics addressed in ASU No. 2014-09. ASU No. 2016-08, ASU No. 2016-10, ASU No. 2016-12 and ASU No. 2016-20 follow the same implementation guidelines as ASU No. 2014-09 and ASU No. 2015-14. The Company has elected to adopt the new revenue guidance as of October 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The Company has completed its evaluation of the new revenue recognition standard and has assessed the impact on its consolidated financial statements. Based on the Company’s evaluation of current contracts and significant revenue streams, revenue recognition is expected to be mostly consistent under both the current and new standard, with the exception of the Power Solutions business. Within the Power Solutions business, certain customers return battery cores which will be included in the transaction price allocationas noncash consideration under the new revenue standard. This change is expected to result in an increase to annual Power Solutions revenue of approximately 10% - 15% and an immaterial impact to gross profit. The Company does not expect the new revenue standard will have a material impact on its consolidated statements of financial position or its consolidated statements of cash flows. Upon adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance, the Company expects to record approximately

$35 million to beginning retained earnings, which relates primarily to deferred revenue recorded for certain fiscal 2013 acquisitions and recorded additional goodwill of $2 million.battery core returns that represent a material right provided to customers.

Other recently issued accounting pronouncements are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated
financial statements.

4.    DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS2.    MERGER TRANSACTION

On March 31, 2015, the Company announced that it had reached a definitive agreement to sell the remainderAs discussed in Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," of the GWS businessnotes to CBRE Groupconsolidated financial statements, JCI Inc. (CBRE), subject to regulatoryand Tyco completed the Merger on September 2, 2016. The Merger was accounted for as a reverse acquisition using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, "Business Combinations." Based on the structure of the Merger and other approvals. The sale closed on September 1, 2015. The agreement includes a 10-year strategic relationship betweenactivities contemplated by the Company and CBRE. The Company isMerger Agreement, relative outstanding share ownership, the preferred provider of HVAC equipment, building automation systems and related services to the portfolio of real estate and corporate facilities managed globally by CBRE and GWS. The Company also engages GWS for facility management services. The annual cash flows resulting from these activities with the legacy GWS business are not currently significant nor are they expected to become significant in the future.

At March 31, 2015, the Company determined that its GWS segment met the criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation, The Company did not allocate any general corporate overhead to discontinued operations.

There were no amounts related to the GWS business classified as discontinued operations for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016. The following table summarizes the results of GWS, reclassified as discontinued operations for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (in millions):

 Year Ended September 30,
 2015 2014
    
Net sales$3,025
 $4,079
    
Income from discontinued operations before income taxes1,203
 119
Provision for income taxes on discontinued operations1,075
 75
Income from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax4
 15
Income from discontinued operations$124
 $29

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015, the income from discontinued operations before income taxes included a $940 million gain on divestiture for the remainder of the GWS business, a $200 million gain on divestiturecomposition of the Company's interestboard of directors and the designation of certain senior management positions of the Company, JCI Inc. was the accounting acquirer for financial reporting purposes.

in two GWS joint ventures and current year transaction costs of $87 million. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014, the income from discontinued operations before income taxes included a $25 million charge relatedImmediately prior to the indemnificationMerger and in connection therewith, Tyco shareholders received 0.955 ordinary shares of Tyco (which shares are now referred to as shares of the Company, or “Company ordinary shares”) for each Tyco ordinary share they held by virtue of a 0.955-for-one share consolidation. In the Merger, each outstanding share of common stock, par value $1.00 per share, of JCI Inc. (“JCI Inc. common stock”) (other than shares held by JCI Inc., Tyco and certain costs associated withof their subsidiaries) was converted into the right to receive either the cash consideration or the share consideration (each as described below), at the election of the holder, subject to proration procedures described in the Merger Agreement and applicable withholding taxes.  The election to receive the cash consideration was undersubscribed. As a divested GWS businessresult, holders of shares of JCI Inc. common stock that elected to receive the share consideration and holders of shares of JCI Inc. common stock that made no election (or failed to properly make an election) became entitled to receive, for each such share of JCI Inc. common stock, $5.7293 in 2004.cash, without interest, and 0.8357 Company ordinary shares, subject to applicable withholding taxes. Holders of shares of JCI Inc. common stock that elected to receive the cash consideration became entitled to receive, for each such share of JCI Inc. common stock, $34.88 in cash, without interest, subject to applicable withholding taxes.  In the Merger, JCI Inc. shareholders received, in the aggregate, approximately $3.864 billion in cash. Immediately after the closing of, and giving effect to, the Merger, former JCI Inc. shareholders owned approximately 56% of the issued and outstanding Company ordinary shares and former Tyco stockholders owned approximately 44% of the issued and outstanding Company ordinary shares.

The effective tax rateTyco is different than the U.S. statutory rate for fiscal 2015 primarily due to $680 million tax expense for repatriationa leading global provider of cashsecurity products and other tax reserves, and the tax consequences of the sale of the GWS joint ventures ($73 million) and the remaining business ($297 million).
The effective tax rate is different than the U.S. statutory rate for fiscal 2014 primarily due to a tax charge of $35 million related to the change in the Company's assertion over reinvestment of foreign undistributed earningsservices as well as a non-benefited loss relatedfire detection and suppression products and services. The acquisition of Tyco brings together best-in-class product, technology and service capabilities across controls, fire, security, HVAC and power solutions to the indemnification of certain costs associated with a divestedserve various end-markets including large institutions, commercial buildings, retail, industrial, small business in 2004, partially offset by foreign tax rate differentials.
In the second quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company announced that it had reached a definitive agreement to sell the remainderand residential.  The combination of the Automotive Experience Electronics business to Visteon Corporation, subject to regulatoryTyco and other approvals.JCI Inc. buildings platforms creates immediate opportunities for near-term growth through cross-selling, complementary branch and channel networks, and expanded global reach for established businesses. The sale closed on July 1, 2014. At March 31, 2014, thenew Company determined that the Automotive Experience Electronics segment met the criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation, which required retrospective application to financial informationalso benefits by combining innovation capabilities and pipelines involving new products, advanced solutions for all periods presented. The Company did not allocate any general corporate overhead to discontinued operations.smart buildings and cities, value-added services driven by advanced data and analytics.

There were no amounts related to the Automotive Experience Electronics business classified as discontinued operations for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. The following table summarizes the results of the Automotive Experience Electronics business, classified as discontinued operations for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2014 (in millions):
  Year Ended September 30,
  2014
   
Net sales $1,027
   
Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes (8)
Provision for income taxes on discontinued operations 202
Income from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax 8
Loss from discontinued operations $(218)

For the year ended September 30, 2014, the discontinued operations before income taxes included divestiture-related losses of $80 million comprised of asset and investment impairment charges of $43 million, transaction costs of $27 million and severance obligations of $10 million.

For the year ended September 30, 2014, the Company's effective tax rate for discontinued operations was different than the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to a second quarter discrete non-cash tax charge of $180 million related to the repatriation of foreign cash associated with the divestiture of the Electronics business and unbenefited foreign losses.

Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

At September 30, 2016, $157 million ofThe Company classifies assets and $28 millionliabilities (disposal groups) to be sold as held for sale in the period in which all of liabilities relatedthe following criteria are met: management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the disposal group; the disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such disposal groups; an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the disposal group have been initiated; the sale of the disposal group is probable, and transfer of the disposal group is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year, except if events or circumstances beyond the Company's control extend the period of time required to sell the disposal group beyond one year; the disposal group is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the security businessplan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

In addition, the Company classifies disposal groups to be disposed of other than by sale (e.g. spin-off) as held for sale in South Africa of the Buildings Tyco segment wereperiod the disposal occurs.

The Company initially measures a disposal group that is classified as held for sale at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less any costs to sell. Any loss resulting from this measurement is recognized in the period in which the held for sale criteria are met. Conversely, gains are not recognized on the sale of a disposal group until the date of sale. There is also $17 millionThe Company assesses the fair value of certain Corporate assets that werea disposal group, less any costs to sell, each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and reports any subsequent changes as an adjustment to the carrying value of the disposal group, as long as the new carrying value does not exceed the carrying value of the disposal group at the time it was initially classified as held for sale.

Upon determining that a disposal group meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, the Company reports the assets and liabilities of the disposal group, if material, in the line items assets held for sale and liabilities held for sale in the consolidated statements of financial position. Refer to Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.


Restricted Cash

At September 30, 2018, the Company held restricted cash of approximately $15 million, of which $6 million was recorded within other current assets in the consolidated statements of financial position and $9 million was recorded within other noncurrent assets in the consolidated statements of financial position. At September 30, 2017, the Company held restricted cash of approximately $31 million, of which $22 million was recorded within other current assets in the consolidated statements of financial position and $9 million was recorded within other noncurrent assets in the consolidated statements of financial position.

Receivables

Receivables consist of amounts billed and currently due from customers and unbilled costs and accrued profits related to revenues on long-term contracts that have been recognized for accounting purposes but not yet billed to customers. The Company extends credit to customers in the normal course of business and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts resulting from the inability or unwillingness of customers to make required payments. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on historical experience, existing economic conditions and any specific customer collection issues the Company has identified. The Company enters into supply chain financing programs to sell certain accounts receivable without recourse to third-party financial institutions. Sales of accounts receivable are reflected as a reduction of accounts receivable on the consolidated statements of financial position and the proceeds are included in cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.  

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market using the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method. Finished goods and work-in-process inventories include material, labor and manufacturing overhead costs.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes and accelerated methods for income tax purposes. The estimated useful lives generally range from 3 to 40 years for buildings and improvements, subscriber systems up to 15 years, and from 3 to 15 years for machinery and equipment. The Company capitalizes interest on borrowings during the active construction period of major capital projects. Capitalized interest is added to the cost of the underlying assets and is amortized over the useful lives of the assets.

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Goodwill reflects the cost of an acquisition in excess of the fair values assigned to identifiable net assets acquired. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment during the fourth fiscal quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired. The Company performs impairment reviews for its reporting units, which have been determined to be the Company’s reportable segments or one level below the reportable segments in certain instances, using a fair value method based on management’s judgments and assumptions or third party valuations. The fair value of a reporting unit refers to the price that would be received to sell the unit as a whole in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In estimating the fair value, the Company uses multiples of earnings based on the average of published multiples of earnings of comparable entities with similar operations and economic characteristics and applies to the Company's average of historical and future financial results. In certain instances, the Company uses discounted cash flow analyses or estimated sales price to further support the fair value estimates. The inputs utilized in the analyses are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement." The estimated fair value is then compared with the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including recorded goodwill. The Company is subject to financial statement risk to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company changed the date of its annual goodwill impairment test from September 30 to July 31. The change was made to more closely align the impairment testing date with the Company’s long-term planning and forecasting process. The change in the annual impairment testing date did not delay, accelerate or avoid an impairment charge. The Company has determined this change in accounting principle is preferable and does not result in adjustments to the Company’s financial statements when applied retrospectively. Refer to Note 7, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information regarding the goodwill impairment testing performed in the fourth quarters of fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are also subject to at least annual impairment testing. Indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of trademarks and tradenames and are tested for impairment using a relief-from-royalty method. A considerable amount of management judgment and assumptions are required in performing the impairment tests.


Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets, including tangible assets and other intangible assets with definitive lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company conducts its long-lived asset impairment analyses in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, "Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets," ASC 350-30, "General Intangibles Other than Goodwill" and ASC 985-20, "Costs of software to be sold, leased, or marketed." ASC 360-10-15 requires the Company to group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset group is recoverable, an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or appraisals. ASC 350-30 requires intangible assets acquired in a business combination that are used in research and development activities to be considered indefinite lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. During the period that those assets are considered indefinite lived, they shall not be amortized but shall be tested for impairment annually and more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired.  If the carrying amount of an intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an entity shall recognize an impairment loss in an amount equal to that excess. ASC 985-20 requires the unamortized capitalized costs of a computer software product be compared to the net realizable value of that product. The amount by which the unamortized capitalized costs of a computer software product exceed the net realizable value of that asset shall be written off. Refer to Note 17, "Impairment of Long-Lived Assets," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information regarding the impairment testing performed in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Revenue Recognition

The Building Technologies & Solutions business recognizes revenue from certain long-term contracts over the contractual period under the percentage-of-completion ("POC") method of accounting. This method of accounting recognizes sales and gross profit as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs incurred and total estimated costs at completion. Recognized revenues that will not be billed under the terms of the contract until a later date are recorded primarily in accounts receivable. Likewise, contracts where billings to date have exceeded recognized revenues are recorded primarily in deferred revenue. Costs and earnings in excess of billings related to these contracts were $1,054 million and $908 million at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Billings in excess of costs and earnings related to these contracts were $535 million and $451 million at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Changes to the original estimates may be required during the life of the contract and such estimates are reviewed monthly. Sales and gross profit are adjusted using the cumulative catch-up method for revisions in estimated total contract costs and contract values. Estimated contract losses are recorded when identified. Claims against customers are recognized as revenue upon settlement. The use of the POC method of accounting involves considerable use of estimates in determining revenues, costs and profits and in assigning the amounts to accounting periods. The periodic reviews have not resulted in adjustments that were significant to the Company’s results of operations. The Company continually evaluates all of the assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent with the application of the POC method of accounting.

The Building Technologies & Solutions business enters into extended warranties and long-term service and maintenance agreements with certain customers. For these arrangements, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective contract term.

The Building Technologies & Solutions business also sells certain HVAC and refrigeration products and services in bundled arrangements, where multiple products and/or services are involved. Significant deliverables within these arrangements include equipment, commissioning, service labor and extended warranties. Approximately four to twelve months separate the timing of the first deliverable until the last piece of equipment is delivered, and there may be extended warranty arrangements with duration of one to five years commencing upon the end of the standard warranty period. In addition, the Building Technologies & Solutions business sells security monitoring systems that may have multiple elements, including equipment, installation, monitoring services and maintenance agreements. Revenues associated with sale of equipment and related installations are recognized once delivery, installation and customer acceptance is completed, while the revenue for monitoring and maintenance services are recognized as services are rendered. In accordance with Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2009-13, "Revenue Recognition (Topic 605): Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements - A Consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force," the Company divides bundled arrangements into separate deliverables and revenue is allocated to each deliverable based on the relative selling price method. In order to estimate relative selling price, market data and transfer price studies are utilized. Revenue recognized for security monitoring equipment and installation is limited to the lesser of their allocated amounts under the estimated selling price hierarchy or the non-contingent up-front consideration received at the time of installation, since collection of future amounts under the arrangement with the customer is contingent upon the delivery of monitoring and maintenance services. For transactions in which the Company retains ownership of the subscriber system asset, fees for monitoring and maintenance services are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term. Non-refundable fees received in connection with the initiation of a monitoring

contract, along with associated direct and incremental selling costs, are deferred and amortized over the estimated life of the customer relationship.

In all other cases, the Company recognizes revenue at the time title passes to the customer or as services are performed.

Subscriber System Assets, Dealer Intangibles and Related Deferred Revenue Accounts

The Building Technologies & Solutions business considers assets related to the acquisition of new customers in its electronic security business in three asset categories: internally generated residential subscriber systems outside of North America, internally generated commercial subscriber systems (collectively referred to as subscriber system assets) and customer accounts acquired through the ADT dealer program, primarily outside of North America (referred to as dealer intangibles). Subscriber system assets include installed property, plant and equipment for which the Company retains ownership and deferred costs directly related to the customer acquisition and system installation. Subscriber system assets represent capitalized equipment (e.g. security control panels, touchpad, motion detectors, window sensors, and other equipment) and installation costs associated with electronic security monitoring arrangements under which the Company retains ownership of the security system assets in a customer's place of business, or outside of North America, residence. Installation costs represent costs incurred to prepare the asset for its intended use. The Company pays property taxes on the subscriber system assets and upon customer termination, may retrieve such assets. These assets embody a probable future economic benefit as they generate future monitoring revenue for the Company.

Costs related to the subscriber system equipment and installation are categorized as property, plant and equipment rather than deferred costs. Deferred costs associated with subscriber system assets represent direct and incremental selling expenses (such as commissions) related to acquiring the customer. Commissions related to up-front consideration paid by customers in connection with the establishment of the monitoring arrangement are determined based on a percentage of the up-front fees and do not exceed deferred revenue. Such deferred costs are recorded as other current and noncurrent assets within the consolidated statements of financial position.

Subscriber system assets and any deferred revenue resulting from the customer acquisition are accounted for over the expected life of the subscriber. In certain geographical areas where the Company has a large number of customers that behave in a similar manner over time, the Company accounts for subscriber system assets and related deferred revenue using pools, with separate pools for the components of subscriber system assets and any related deferred revenue based on the same month and year of acquisition. The Company depreciates its pooled subscriber system assets and related deferred revenue using a straight-line method with lives up to 12 years and considering customer attrition. The Company uses a straight-line method with a 15-year life for non-pooled subscriber system assets (primarily in Europe, Latin America and Asia) and related deferred revenue, with remaining balances written off upon customer termination.

Certain contracts and related customer relationships result from purchasing residential security monitoring contracts from an external network of independent dealers who operate under the ADT dealer program, primarily outside of North America. Acquired contracts and related customer relationships are recorded at their contractually determined purchase price.

During the first 6 months (12 months in certain circumstances) after the purchase of the customer contract, any cancellation of monitoring service, including those that result from customer payment delinquencies, results in a chargeback by the Company to the dealer for the full amount of the contract purchase price. The Company records the amount charged back to the dealer as a reduction of the previously recorded intangible asset.

Intangible assets arising from the ADT dealer program described above are amortized in pools determined by the same month and year of contract acquisition on a straight-line basis over the period of the customer relationship. The estimated useful life of dealer intangibles ranges from 12 to 15 years.

Research and Development Costs

Expenditures for research activities relating to product development and improvement are charged against income as incurred and included within selling, general and administrative expenses for continuing operations in the consolidated statements of income. Such expenditures for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were $380 million, $360 million and $158 million, respectively.

Earnings Per Share

The Company presents both basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") amounts. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Johnson Controls by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period.

Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Johnson Controls by the weighted average number of common shares and common equivalent shares outstanding during the reporting period that are calculated using the treasury stock method for stock options, unvested restricted stock and unvested performance share awards. See Note 13, "Earnings per Share," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for the calculation of earnings per share.

Foreign Currency Translation

Substantially all of the Company’s international operations use the respective local currency as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of international entities have been translated at period-end exchange rates, and income and expenses have been translated using average exchange rates for the period. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies are adjusted to reflect period-end exchange rates. The aggregate transaction gains (losses), net of the impact of foreign currency hedges, included in net income for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were $(5) million, $94 million and $(95) million, respectively.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company has written policies and procedures that place all financial instruments under the direction of Corporate treasury and restrict all derivative transactions to those intended for hedging purposes. The use of financial instruments for speculative purposes is strictly prohibited. The Company selectively uses financial instruments to manage the market risk from changes in foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, stock-based compensation liabilities and interest rates.

The fair values of all derivatives are recorded in the consolidated statements of financial position. The change in a derivative’s fair value is recorded each period in current earnings or accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI"), depending on whether the derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction and if so, the type of hedge transaction. See Note 10, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," and Note 11, "Fair Value Measurements," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosure of the Company’s derivative instruments and hedging activities.

Investments

The Company invests in debt and equity securities which are classified as available for sale and are marked to market at the end of each accounting period. Unrealized gains and losses on these securities, other than the deferred compensation plan assets, are recognized in AOCI within the consolidated statement of shareholders' equity unless an unrealized loss is deemed to be other than temporary, in which case such loss is charged to earnings. The deferred compensation plan assets are marked to market at the end of each accounting period and all unrealized gains and losses are recorded in the consolidated statements of income.

Pension and Postretirement Benefits

The Company utilizes a mark-to-market approach for recognizing pension and postretirement benefit expenses, including measuring the market related value of plan assets at fair value and recognizing actuarial gains and losses in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or at the date of a remeasurement event. Refer to Note 15, "Retirement Plans," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosure of the Company's pension and postretirement benefit plans.

Loss Contingencies

Accruals are recorded for various contingencies including legal proceedings, environmental matters, self-insurance and other claims that arise in the normal course of business. The accruals are based on judgment, the probability of losses and, where applicable, the consideration of opinions of internal and/or external legal counsel and actuarially determined estimates. Additionally, the Company records receivables from third party insurers when recovery has been determined to be probable.

The Company is subject to laws and regulations relating to protecting the environment. The Company provides for expenses associated with environmental remediation obligations when such amounts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Refer to Note 22, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

The Company records liabilities for its workers' compensation, product, general and auto liabilities. The determination of these liabilities and related expenses is dependent on claims experience. For most of these liabilities, claims incurred but not yet reported are estimated by utilizing actuarial valuations based upon historical claims experience. The Company records receivables from third party insurers when recovery has been determined to be probable. The Company maintains captive insurance companies to manage its insurable liabilities.


Asbestos-Related Contingencies and Insurance Receivables

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries along with numerous other companies are named as defendants in personal injury lawsuits based on alleged exposure to asbestos-containing materials. The Company's estimate of the liability and corresponding insurance recovery for pending and future claims and defense costs is based on the Company's historical claim experience, and estimates of the number and resolution cost of potential future claims that may be filed and is discounted to present value from 2068 (which is the Company's reasonable best estimate of the actuarially determined time period through which asbestos-related claims will be filed against Company affiliates). Asbestos related defense costs are included in the asbestos liability. The Company's legal strategy for resolving claims also impacts these estimates. The Company considers various trends and developments in evaluating the period of time (the look-back period) over which historical claim and settlement experience is used to estimate and value claims reasonably projected to be made through 2068. Annually, the Company assesses the sufficiency of its estimated liability for pending and future claims and defense costs by evaluating actual experience regarding claims filed, settled and dismissed, and amounts paid in settlements. In addition to claims and settlement experience, the Company considers additional quantitative and qualitative factors such as changes in legislation, the legal environment, and the Company's defense strategy. The Company also evaluates the recoverability of its insurance receivable on an annual basis. The Company evaluates all of these factors and determines whether a change in the estimate of its liability for pending and future claims and defense costs or insurance receivable is warranted.

In connection with the recognition of liabilities for asbestos-related matters, the Company records asbestos-related insurance recoveries that are probable. The Company's estimate of asbestos-related insurance recoveries represents estimated amounts due to the Company for previously paid and settled claims and the probable reimbursements relating to its estimated liability for pending and future claims discounted to present value. In determining the amount of insurance recoverable, the Company considers available insurance, allocation methodologies, solvency and creditworthiness of the insurers. Refer to Note 22, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for a discussion on management's judgments applied in the recognition and measurement of asbestos-related assets and liabilities.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been reflected in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the differences between the book and tax basis of particular assets and liabilities and operating loss carryforwards, using tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the carrying or book value of deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, including consideration of tax planning strategies, it is more-likely-than-not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Refer to Note 18, "Income Taxes," of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

Retrospective Changes

Certain amounts as of September 30, 2017 and 2016 have been revised to conform to the current year's presentation.

In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." ASU No. 2016-09 impacts certain aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statements of cash flows. During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-09. As a result, the Company recognized deferred tax assets of $179 million in the consolidated statements of financial position related to certain operating loss carryforwards resulting from the exercise of employee stock options and vested restricted stock on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of October 1, 2017. Additionally, employee withholding taxes paid to taxing authorities for equity-based compensation transactions, previously classified as cash flows from operating activities, were reclassified to financing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 for comparative purposes. The remaining provisions of ASU No. 2016-09 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

On August 17, 2018, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") issued the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-10532, "Disclosure Update and Simplification," that amends certain of its disclosure requirements that have become redundant, duplicative, overlapping, outdated or superseded. The amendments include removing the requirement to disclose the historical and pro forma

ratio of earnings to fixed charges (Exhibit 12) and replacing the requirement to disclose the high and low trading prices of entity's ordinary shares with a requirement to disclose the ticker symbol of its shares. Additionally, the final rule extends to interim periods the annual disclosure requirement of presenting changes in each caption of stockholders' equity and the amount of dividends per share. These disclosures are required to be provided for the current and comparative year-to-date interim periods. The final rule is effective for all filings on or after November 5, 2018. The Company has adopted all relevant disclosure requirements for its annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2018.

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118," to add various SEC paragraphs pursuant to the issuance of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118") to ASC 740 "Income Taxes." SAB 118 was issued by the SEC in December 2017 to provide immediate guidance for accounting implications of U.S. Tax Reform under the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act" in the period of enactment. SAB 118 provides for a provisional one year measurement period for entities to finalize their accounting for certain income tax effects related to the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act." The Company applied this guidance to its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures beginning in the quarter ended December 31, 2017. Refer to Note 18, "Income Taxes," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities." The ASU more closely aligns the results of hedge accounting with risk management activities through amendments to the designation and measurement guidance to better reflect a Company's hedging strategy and effectiveness. During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, the Company early adopted ASU 2017-12. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, "Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost." The ASU requires the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost to be presented with other compensation costs. The other components of net periodic benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations, if one is presented. The ASU also allows only the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost to be eligible for capitalization. The guidance will be effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period for which financial statements (interim or annual) have not been issued or made available for issuance. The guidance will be effective retrospectively except for the capitalization of the service cost component which should be applied prospectively. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements as the Company does not present a subtotal of income from operations within its consolidated statements of income.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)." The ASU requires amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The guidance will be effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The impact of this guidance for the Company will depend on the levels of restricted cash balances in the periods presented. As of September 30, 2016, the Company had approximately $2.0 billion of restricted cash related to restricted proceeds deposited into escrow from the issuance of $2.0 billion aggregate principal of unsecured, unsubordinated notes by Adient Global Holdings Ltd., that were released upon the completion of the Adient spin-off in October 2016. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-18, the restricted proceeds will be presented in the fiscal 2016 consolidated statements of cash flow as a financing activity inflow, and the release of the restricted proceeds will be presented in the fiscal 2017 consolidated statements of cash flow as a financing activity outflow. The impact of adoption of this standard on fiscal 2018 consolidated statements of cash flow is not expected to be material as the restricted cash balance at September 30, 2018 is $15 million.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, "Accounting for Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Asset Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory." The ASU requires the tax effects of all intra-entity sales of assets other than inventory to be recognized in the period in which the transaction occurs. The guidance will be effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018, with early adoption permitted but only in the first interim period of a fiscal year. The changes are required to be applied by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded in retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company expects that the cumulative effect of the adoption of ASU 2016-16 will result in a reduction to retained earnings of approximately $550 million.


In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments." ASU No. 2016-15 provides clarification guidance on eight specific cash flow presentation issues in order to reduce the diversity in practice. ASU No. 2016-15 will be effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The guidance should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented, unless deemed impracticable, in which case prospective application is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is expected to have an impact on the presentation of equity swap funding and settlement activities since the activity will change from an operating activity to an investing activity. The Company does not expect any other significant impacts as a result of adopting this standard.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)." ASU No. 2016-02 requires recognition of operating leases as lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet, and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. The original standard was effective retrospectively for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2019 with early adoption permitted; however in July 2018 the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, "Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements," which provides an additional transition method that permits changes to be applied by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded in retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company has elected this transition method at the adoption date of October 1, 2019. The Company has started the assessment process by evaluating the population of leases under the revised definition of what qualifies as a leased asset. The Company is the lessee under various agreements for facilities and equipment that are currently accounted for as operating leases. The new guidance will require the Company to record operating leases on the balance sheet with a right-of-use asset and corresponding liability for future payment obligations. Additionally in January 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-01, "Leases (Topic 842): Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842," which provides an optional transition practical expedient for existing or expired land easements that were not previously recorded as leases. The Company expects the new guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated statements of financial position for the addition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, but the Company does not expect it to have a material impact on its consolidated statements of income and its consolidated statements of cash flows.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, "Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities." ASU No. 2016-01 amends certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments, including marketable securities. ASU No. 2016-01 will be effective for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018, and early adoption is not permitted, with certain exceptions. The changes are required to be applied by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment on the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. Additionally in February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-03, "Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities," which provides additional clarification on certain topics addressed in ASU No. 2016-01. ASU No. 2018-01 will be effective for the Company when ASU No. 2016-01 is adopted. The impact of this guidance for the Company will depend on the magnitude of the unrealized gains and losses on the Company's marketable securities investments. The impact to beginning retained earnings as a result of the adoption of this guidance is not expected to be material.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)." ASU No. 2014-09 clarifies the principles for recognizing revenue when an entity either enters into a contract with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into a contract for the transfer of non-financial assets. The original standard was effective retrospectively for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2017; however in August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date," which defers the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 by one-year for all entities. The new standard will become effective retrospectively for the Company for the quarter ending December 31, 2018, with early adoption permitted, but not before the original effective date. Additionally, in March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)," in April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing," in May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients," and in December 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-20, "Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers," all of which provide additional clarification on certain topics addressed in ASU No. 2014-09. ASU No. 2016-08, ASU No. 2016-10, ASU No. 2016-12 and ASU No. 2016-20 follow the same implementation guidelines as ASU No. 2014-09 and ASU No. 2015-14. The Company has elected to adopt the new revenue guidance as of October 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The Company has completed its evaluation of the new revenue recognition standard and has assessed the impact on its consolidated financial statements. Based on the Company’s evaluation of current contracts and significant revenue streams, revenue recognition is expected to be mostly consistent under both the current and new standard, with the exception of the Power Solutions business. Within the Power Solutions business, certain customers return battery cores which will be included in the transaction price as noncash consideration under the new revenue standard. This change is expected to result in an increase to annual Power Solutions revenue of approximately 10% - 15% and an immaterial impact to gross profit. The Company does not expect the new revenue standard will have a material impact on its consolidated statements of financial position or its consolidated statements of cash flows. Upon adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance, the Company expects to record approximately

$35 million to beginning retained earnings, which relates primarily to deferred revenue recorded for certain battery core returns that represent a material right provided to customers.

Other recently issued accounting pronouncements are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated
financial statements.

2.    MERGER TRANSACTION

As discussed in Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements, JCI Inc. and Tyco completed the Merger on September 2, 2016. The Merger was accounted for as a reverse acquisition using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, "Business Combinations." Based on the structure of the Merger and other activities contemplated by the Merger Agreement, relative outstanding share ownership, the composition of the Company's board of directors and the designation of certain senior management positions of the Company, JCI Inc. was the accounting acquirer for financial reporting purposes.

Immediately prior to the Merger and in connection therewith, Tyco shareholders received 0.955 ordinary shares of Tyco (which shares are now referred to as shares of the Company, or “Company ordinary shares”) for each Tyco ordinary share they held by virtue of a 0.955-for-one share consolidation. In the Merger, each outstanding share of common stock, par value $1.00 per share, of JCI Inc. (“JCI Inc. common stock”) (other than shares held by JCI Inc., Tyco and certain of their subsidiaries) was converted into the right to receive either the cash consideration or the share consideration (each as described below), at the election of the holder, subject to proration procedures described in the Merger Agreement and applicable withholding taxes.  The election to receive the cash consideration was undersubscribed. As a result, holders of shares of JCI Inc. common stock that elected to receive the share consideration and holders of shares of JCI Inc. common stock that made no election (or failed to properly make an election) became entitled to receive, for each such share of JCI Inc. common stock, $5.7293 in cash, without interest, and 0.8357 Company ordinary shares, subject to applicable withholding taxes. Holders of shares of JCI Inc. common stock that elected to receive the cash consideration became entitled to receive, for each such share of JCI Inc. common stock, $34.88 in cash, without interest, subject to applicable withholding taxes.  In the Merger, JCI Inc. shareholders received, in the aggregate, approximately $3.864 billion in cash. Immediately after the closing of, and giving effect to, the Merger, former JCI Inc. shareholders owned approximately 56% of the issued and outstanding Company ordinary shares and former Tyco stockholders owned approximately 44% of the issued and outstanding Company ordinary shares.

Tyco is a leading global provider of security products and services as well as fire detection and suppression products and services. The acquisition of Tyco brings together best-in-class product, technology and service capabilities across controls, fire, security, HVAC and power solutions to serve various end-markets including large institutions, commercial buildings, retail, industrial, small business and residential.  The combination of the Tyco and JCI Inc. buildings platforms creates immediate opportunities for near-term growth through cross-selling, complementary branch and channel networks, and expanded global reach for established businesses. The new Company also benefits by combining innovation capabilities and pipelines involving new products, advanced solutions for smart buildings and cities, value-added services driven by advanced data and analytics.

Fair Value of Consideration Transferred

The total fair value of consideration transferred was approximately $19.7 billion. Total consideration is comprised of the equity value of the Tyco shares that were outstanding as of September 2, 2016 and the portion of Tyco's share awards and share options earned as of September 2, 2016 ($224 million). Share awards and share options not earned ($101 million) as of September 2, 2016 will be expensed over the remaining future vesting period.


The following table summarizes the total fair value of consideration transferred:
(in millions, except for share consolidation ratio and share data)  
   
Number of Tyco shares outstanding at September 2, 2016 427,181,743
Tyco share consolidation ratio 0.955
Tyco ordinary shares outstanding following the share consolidation
and immediately prior to the Merger
 407,958,565
JCI Inc. converted share price (1) $47.67
Fair value of equity portion of the Merger consideration $19,447
Fair value of Tyco equity awards 224
   Total fair value of consideration transferred $19,671

(1)Amount equals JCI Inc. closing share price and market capitalization at September 2, 2016 ($45.45 and $29,012 million, respectively) adjusted for the Tyco $3,864 million cash contribution used to purchase 110.8 million shares of JCI Inc. common stock for $34.88 per share.

Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The Company accounted for the Merger with Tyco as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their respective fair values as of the acquisition date. Fair value estimates are based on a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and rely heavily on estimates and assumptions. The judgments used to determine the estimated fair value assigned to each class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as asset lives, can materially impact the Company's results of operations.

The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are as follows (in millions):
Cash and cash equivalents $489
Accounts receivable 2,034
Inventories 807
Other current assets 617
Property, plant, and equipment - net 1,216
Goodwill 16,105
Intangible assets - net 6,384
Other noncurrent assets 536
   Total assets acquired $28,188
   
Short-term debt $462
Accounts payable 725
Accrued compensation and benefits 312
Other current liabilities 1,481
Long-term debt 6,416
Long-term deferred tax liabilities 718
Long-term pension and postretirement benefits 774
Other noncurrent liabilities 1,456
   Total liabilities acquired $12,344
Noncontrolling interests 37
Net assets acquired $15,807
Cash consideration paid to JCI Inc. shareholders 3,864
   Total fair value of consideration transferred $19,671


In connection with the Merger, the Company recorded goodwill of $16.1 billion, which is attributable primarily to expected synergies, expanded market opportunities, and other benefits that the Company believes will result from combining its operations with the operations of Tyco. Goodwill has been allocated to the reporting units within Building Technologies & Solutions business based on the expected benefits from the Merger. The Company recorded a net reduction in goodwill of $258 million in fiscal 2017 related to purchase price allocations. The goodwill created in the Merger is not deductible for tax purposes.

The purchase price allocation to identifiable intangible assets acquired are as follows:
  Fair Value (in millions) Weighted Average Life (in years)
Customer relationships $2,280
 12
Completed technology 1,650
 11
Other definite-lived intangibles 214
 7
Indefinite-lived trademarks 2,080
  
Other indefinite-lived intangibles 90
  
In-process research and development 70
  
Total identifiable intangible assets $6,384
 

Actual and Pro Forma Impact

The Company's consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016 include Tyco's results of operations from the acquisition date of September 2, 2016 through September 30, 2016. Net sales and net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Tyco during this period and included in the Company's consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016 total $808 million and ($48) million, respectively.

The following unaudited pro forma information assumes the acquisition had occurred on October 1, 2014, and had been included in the Company's consolidated statement of income for fiscal year 2016.

  Year Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2016
   
Pro forma net sales $29,647
Pro forma net income from continuing operations 1,143

In order to reflect the occurrence of the acquisition on October 1, 2014 as required, the unaudited pro forma results include adjustments to reflect, among other things, the amortization of the inventory step-up, the incremental intangible asset amortization to be incurred based on the preliminary values of each identifiable intangible asset, the change in timing of defined benefit plans' mark-to-market gain or loss recognition, the change in timing of transaction and restructuring costs, and interest expense from debt financing obtained to fund the cash consideration paid to JCI Inc. shareholders. These pro forma amounts are not necessarily indicative of the results that would have been obtained if the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the period presented or that may occur in the future, and does not reflect future synergies, integration costs, or other such costs or savings. Additional information regarding fiscal 2016 pro forma information can be found in the Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on November 8, 2016 under Item 7.01, “Regulation FD Disclosure.”

3.ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES

Fiscal Year 2018

During fiscal 2018, the Company completed certain acquisitions for a combined purchase price, net of cash acquired, of $21 million, all of which was paid as of September 30, 2018. The acquisitions in the aggregate were not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In connection with the acquisitions, the Company recorded goodwill of $14 million within the Global Products segment and $1 million within the Building Solutions EMEA/LA segment.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company completed the sale of its Scott Safety business to 3M Company. The selling price, net of cash divested, was $2.0 billion, all of which was received as of September 30, 2018. In connection with the sale, the Company

recorded a pre-tax gain of $114 million within selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income and reduced goodwill in assets held for sale by $1.2 billion. The gain, net of tax, recorded was $84 million. Net cash proceeds from the transaction of approximately $1.9 billion were used to repay a significant portion of the Tyco International Holding S.a.r.L.'s ("TSarl") $4.0 billion of merger-related debt. The Scott Safety business is included in the Global Products segment and was reported within assets and liabilities held for sale in the consolidated statements of financial position as of September 30, 2017. Refer to Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further disclosure related to the Company's net assets held for sale.

Also during fiscal 2018, the Company completed certain divestitures primarily within the Global Products business. The combined selling price was $204 million, all of which was received as of September 30, 2018. In connection with the divestitures, the Company reduced goodwill by $35 million. The divestitures were not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Fiscal Year 2017

During fiscal 2017, the Company completed three acquisitions for a combined purchase price, net of cash acquired, of $9 million, $6 million of which was paid as of September 30, 2017. The acquisitions in the aggregate were not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In connection with the acquisitions, the Company recorded goodwill of $2 million.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company completed the sale of its ADT security business in South Africa within the Building Solutions EMEA/LA segment. The selling price, net of cash divested, was $129 million, all of which was received as of September 30, 2017. In connection with the sale, the Company reduced goodwill in assets held for sale by $92 million. The divestiture was not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

During fiscal 2017, the Company completed two divestitures for a combined selling price, net of cash divested, of $44 million, of which $40 million was received as of September 30, 2017. The divestitures were not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. In connection with the divestitures, the Company reduced goodwill by $19 million and $2 million in the Global Products segment and in the Building Solutions Asia Pacific segment, respectively.

During fiscal 2017, the Company completed one additional divestiture for a sales price of $4 million, all of which was received as of September 30, 2017. The divestiture decreased the Company's ownership from a controlling to noncontrolling interest, and as a result, the Company deconsolidated cash of $5 million. The divestiture was not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

During fiscal 2017, the Company received $52 million in net cash proceeds related to prior year business divestitures and paid $75 million related to prior year business acquisitions.

Fiscal Year 2016

On October 1, 2015, the Company formed a joint venture with Hitachi to expand its Building Technologies & Solutions product offerings. The Company acquired a 60% ownership interest in the new entity for approximately $208 million ($638 million purchase price less cash acquired of $430 million), $133 million of which was paid as of September 30, 2016. In connection with the acquisition, the Company recorded goodwill of $253 million related to purchase price allocations.

Also during fiscal 2016, the Company completed two additional acquisitions for a combined purchase price, net of cash acquired, of $6 million, $3 million of which was paid as of September 30, 2016. The acquisitions in aggregate were not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. In connection with the acquisitions, the Company recorded goodwill of $6 million. One of the acquisitions increased the Company's ownership from a noncontrolling to controlling interest. As a result, the Company recorded a non-cash gain of $4 million in equity income for the Global Products segment to adjust the Company's existing equity investment in the partially-owned affiliate to fair value.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company completed two divestitures for a combined sales price of $39 million, net of cash divested of $13 million. None of the sales proceeds were received as of September 30, 2016. The divestitures were not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. In connection with the divestitures, the Company reduced goodwill by $16 million in the Global Products segment.
In the third quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company completed a divestiture for a sales price of $16 million, all of which was received as of September 30, 2016. The divestiture was not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. In connection with the divestiture, the Company reduced goodwill by $3 million in the Building Solutions North America segment.


During fiscal 2016, the Company received $29 million in net cash proceeds related to prior year business divestitures.

4.    DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

As discussed in Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements, on October 31, 2016, the Company completed the spin-off of its Automotive Experience business by way of the transfer of the Automotive Experience business from Johnson Controls to Adient plc. The Company did not retain any equity interest in Adient plc. During the first quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company determined that Adient met the criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation and, as a result, Adient’s historical financial results are reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as a discontinued operation, and assets and liabilities are classified as assets and liabilities held for sale. The Company did not allocate any general corporate overhead to discontinued operations.

The following table summarizes the results of Adient, reclassified as discontinued operations for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in millions). As the Adient spin-off occurred on October 31, 2016, there is only one month of Adient results included in the year ended September 30, 2017.
  Year Ended September 30,
  2017 2016
     
Net sales $1,434
 $16,837
     
Income from discontinued operations before income taxes 1
 525
Provision for income taxes on discontinued operations 35
 2,041
Income from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax 9
 84
Loss from discontinued operations $(43) $(1,600)

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, the income from discontinued operations before income taxes included separation costs of $79 million. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the income from discontinued operations before income taxes included separation costs ($418 million), significant restructuring and impairment costs ($332 million), and net mark-to market losses on pension and postretirement plans ($110 million).

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, the effective tax rate was more than the Irish statutory rate of 12.5% primarily due to the tax impacts of separation costs and Adient spin-off related tax expense, partially offset by non-U.S. tax rate differentials.

In preparation for the spin-off of the Automotive Experience business in the first quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company incurred incremental tax expense of $95 million in fiscal 2016. The Company also completed substantial business reorganizations which resulted in total tax charges of $1,891 million in fiscal 2016. Included in this amount is the tax charge provided for in the third quarter of fiscal 2016 of $85 million for changes in entity tax status and the charge provided for in the second quarter of fiscal 2016 of $780 million for income tax expense on foreign undistributed earnings of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries.

In fiscal 2016, the Company did provide U.S. income tax expense related to the restructuring and repatriation of cash for certain non-U.S. subsidiaries in connection with the Automotive Experience planned spin-off. At September 30, 2016 the Company needed to complete the final steps of Automotive Experience restructuring and, as a result, the Company provided deferred taxes of $24 million for the U.S. income tax expense on outside basis differences that reversed upon the completion of the restructuring.


The following table summarizes depreciation and amortization, capital expenditures, and significant operating and investing non-cash items related to Adient for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in millions):

  Year Ended September 30,
  2017 2016
     
Depreciation and amortization $29
 $331
Pension and postretirement benefit expense 
 113
Equity in earnings of partially-owned affiliates (31) (357)
Deferred income taxes 562
 (476)
Non-cash restructuring and impairment costs 
 87
Equity-based compensation 1
 16
Accrued income taxes (808) 
Other 
 (2)
Capital expenditures (91) (395)

Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

During the second quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company signed a definitive agreement to sell its Scott Safety business of the Global Products segment to 3M Company. The transaction closed on October 4, 2017. The assets and liabilities of this business are presented as held for sale in the consolidated statements of financial position as of September 30, 2017. The business did not meet the criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation as the divestiture of the Scott Safety business did not have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results.

The following table summarizes the carrying value of the TycoScott Safety assets and liabilities held for sale at September 30, 20162017 (in millions):

 September 30, 2017
  
Cash $9
Accounts receivable - net$9
 100
Inventories7
 75
Other current assets3
 5
Assets held for sale $189
  
Property, plant and equipment - net15
 $79
Goodwill89
 1,248
Other intangible assets - net30
 592
Other noncurrent assets4
 1
Assets held for sale$157
Noncurrent assets held for sale $1,920
   
Accounts payable$9
 $37
Accrued compensation and benefits 10
Other current liabilities19
 25
Liabilities held for sale$28
 $72
  
Other noncurrent liabilities $173
Noncurrent liabilities held for sale $173

At September 30, 2015, $55 million of assets and $42 million of liabilities related to certain product lines of the Automotive Experience Interiors segment were classified as held for sale. At September 30, 2016, these product lines no longer met the criteria to be classified as held for sale.


5.    INVENTORIES

Inventories consisted of the following (in millions):
September 30,September 30,
2016 20152018 2017
      
Raw materials and supplies$1,365
 $1,084
$990
 $919
Work-in-process538
 369
545
 567
Finished goods1,657
 924
1,689
 1,723
Inventories$3,560
 $2,377
$3,224
 $3,209

6.    PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following (in millions):
September 30,September 30,
2016 20152018 2017
      
Buildings and improvements$3,435
 $3,091
$2,537
 $2,445
Subscriber systems448
 
573
 571
Machinery and equipment9,626
 8,566
6,049
 5,572
Construction in progress1,441
 1,006
1,324
 1,252
Land526
 338
363
 373
Total property, plant and equipment15,476
 13,001
10,846
 10,213
Less: accumulated depreciation(7,604) (7,131)(4,675) (4,092)
Property, plant and equipment - net$7,872
 $5,870
$6,171
 $6,121

Interest costs capitalized during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 2015 and 2014 were $19$29 million, $25$27 million and $28$19 million, respectively. Accumulated depreciation related to capital leases at September 30, 20162018 and 20152017 was $40$16 million and $54$13 million, respectively.


At September 30, 2016, the Company is the lessor of properties included in land of $21 million, gross building and improvements of $187 million and accumulated depreciation of $126 million. At September 30, 2015, the Company is the lessor of properties included in land of $13 million, gross building and improvements of $177 million and accumulated depreciation of $131 million.

7.    GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill in each of the Company’s reportable segments for the fiscal years ended September 30, 20162018 and 20152017 were as follows (in millions):
 
September 30,
2014
 
Business
Acquisitions
 
Business
Divestitures
 Currency Translation and Other 
September 30,
2015
Building Efficiency         
     Systems and Service North
          America
$982
 $
 $(2) $(2) $978
     Products North America1,688
 34
 (14) (7) 1,701
     Asia414
 
 
 (25) 389
     Rest of World345
 
 
 (35) 310
Automotive Experience         
Seating2,556
 
 (4) (188) 2,364
Interiors
 9
 (9) 
 
Power Solutions1,142
 
 
 (60) 1,082
Total$7,127
 $43
 $(29) $(317) $6,824
          
 
September 30,
2015
 
Business
Acquisitions
 
Business
Divestitures
 Currency Translation and Other 
September 30,
2016
Buildings         
Building Efficiency         
     Systems and Service North
          America
$978
 $
 $(3) $
 $975
     Products North America1,701
 
 (3) (1) 1,697
     Asia389
 253
 
 15
 657
     Rest of World310
 5
 (13) (1) 301
Tyco
 16,364
 
 (56) 16,308
Automotive Experience         
Seating2,364
 
 
 21
 2,385
Power Solutions1,082
 
 
 4
 1,086
Total$6,824
 $16,622
 $(19) $(18) $23,409
          
 
September 30,
2016
 
Business
Acquisitions
 
Business
Divestitures
 Currency Translation and Other 
September 30,
2017
Building Technologies & Solutions         
     Building Solutions North America$9,734
 $(147) $
 $50
 $9,637
     Building Solutions EMEA/LA1,981
 (37) 
 68
 2,012
     Building Solutions Asia Pacific1,260
 (14) (2) 11
 1,255
     Global Products6,963
 (58) (1,267) 49
 5,687
Power Solutions1,086
 
 
 11
 1,097
Total$21,024
 $(256) $(1,269) $189
 $19,688
          
 September 30, 2017 
Business
Acquisitions
 
Business
Divestitures
 Currency Translation and Other 
September 30,
2018
Building Technologies & Solutions         
     Building Solutions North America$9,637
 $
 $
 $(34) $9,603
     Building Solutions EMEA/LA2,012
 1
 
 (63) 1,950
     Building Solutions Asia Pacific1,255
 
 
 (20) 1,235
     Global Products5,687
 14
 (35) (73) 5,593
Power Solutions1,097
 
 
 (5) 1,092
Total$19,688
 $15
 $(35) $(195) $19,473
          

In connection with the Tyco merger, the Company recordedThe fiscal 2017 Global Products business divestiture amount includes $1,248 million of goodwill of $16,363 million basedtransferred to noncurrent assets held for sale on the preliminary purchase price allocation.consolidated statements of financial position for the sale of the Scott Safety business. Refer to Note 2, "Merger Transaction,4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information.further information regarding the Company's assets and liabilities held for sale.

At September 30, 2014,2016, accumulated goodwill impairment charges included $430 million and $47 million related to the Automotive Experience Interiors and Building Efficiency Rest of WorldSolutions EMEA/LA - Latin America reporting units, respectively. unit.

There were no goodwill impairments resulting from fiscal 20162018 and 20152017 annual impairment tests. Except for recent acquisitions which are recorded at fair value, no reporting unit was determined to be at risk of failing step one of the goodwill impairment test.

At October 1, 2015, the Company assessed goodwill for impairment in the Building Efficiency business due to the change in reportable segments as described in Note 19, "Segment Information," of the notes to consolidated financial statements. As a result, the Company performed impairment testing for goodwill under the new segments and determined that the estimated fair value of each reporting unit substantially exceeded its corresponding carrying amount including recorded goodwill, and as such, no

impairment existed at October 1, 2015. No reporting unit was determined to be at risk of failing step one of the goodwill impairment test.

During fiscal 2014, as a result of operating results, restructuring actions The Company continuously monitors for events and expected futurecircumstances that could negatively impact the key assumptions in determining fair value, including long-term revenue growth projections, profitability, discount rates, recent market valuations from transactions by comparable companies, volatility in the Company's forecasted cash flowmarket capitalization, and general industry, market and macro-economic conditions. It is possible that future changes in such circumstances, or in the variables associated with the judgments, assumptions and estimates used in assessing the goodwill assessment were negatively impacted as of September 30, 2014 for the Building Efficiency Rest of World - Latin America reporting unit. As a result, the Company concluded that the carrying value of the Building Efficiency Rest of World - Latin America reporting unit exceeded its fair value as of September 30, 2014. The Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $47 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, which was determined by comparing the carrying value of the reporting unit's goodwill withunit, would require the implied fair value of goodwill for the reporting unit. The Building Efficiency Rest of World - Latin America reporting unit has no remaining goodwill at September 30, 2016 and 2015.Company to record a non-cash impairment charge. 

The assumptions included in the impairment tests require judgment, and changes to these inputs could impact the results of the calculations. Other than management's projections of future cash flows, theThe primary assumptions used in the impairment tests were the weighted-average costmanagement's projections of capital and long-term growth rates.future cash flows. Although the Company's cash flow forecasts are based on assumptions that are considered reasonable by management and consistent with the plans and estimates management is using to operate the underlying businesses, there are significant judgments in determining the expected future cash flows attributable to a reporting unit. The impairment charges are non-cash expenses recorded within restructuring and impairment costs on the consolidated statements of income and did not adversely affect the Company's debt position, cash flow, liquidity or compliance with financial covenants.


The Company’s other intangible assets, primarily from business acquisitions valued based on independent appraisals, consisted of (in millions):
September 30, 2016 September 30, 2015September 30, 2018 September 30, 2017
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 Net 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 Net 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Amortized intangible assets                      
Technology$1,556
 $(37) $1,519
 $80
 $(59) $21
$1,334
 $(266) $1,068
 $1,328
 $(137) $1,191
Customer relationships3,268
 (274) 2,994
 975
 (206) 769
3,078
 (664) 2,414
 3,168
 (486) 2,682
Miscellaneous590
 (155) 435
 307
 (123) 184
496
 (200) 296
 389
 (147) 242
Total amortized intangible assets5,414
 (466) 4,948
 1,362
 (388) 974
4,908
 (1,130) 3,778
 4,885
 (770) 4,115
Unamortized intangible assets                      
Trademarks/trade names2,555
 
 2,555
 542
 
 542
Trademarks/tradenames2,448
 
 2,448
 2,483
 
 2,483
Miscellaneous150
 
 150
 
 
 
122
 
 122
 143
 
 143
2,705
 
 2,705
 542
 
 542
2,570
 
 2,570
 2,626
 
 2,626
Total intangible assets$8,119
 $(466) $7,653
 $1,904
 $(388) $1,516
$7,478
 $(1,130) $6,348
 $7,511
 $(770) $6,741

Refer to Note 2, "Merger Transaction," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information of intangibles recorded as a result of the Tyco merger.Merger.

Amortization of other intangible assets included within continuing operations for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 2015 and 2014 was $133$384 million, $92$489 million and $86$116 million, respectively. Excluding the impact of any future acquisitions, the Company anticipates amortization for fiscal 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 20212023 will be approximately $465$406 million, $440$394 million, $424$391 million, $414$378 million and $405$364 million, respectively. Excluding the amortization expense of Automotive Experience and the nonrecurring impact of select Tyco intangible assets, the Company expects its fiscal 2017 amortization expense to be $430 million. There were no indefinite livedindefinite-lived intangible asset impairments resulting from fiscal 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 20142016 annual impairment tests.

8.    LEASES

Certain administrative and production facilities and equipment are leased under long-term agreements. Most leases contain renewal options for varying periods, and certain leases include options to purchase the leased property during or at the end of the lease term. Leases generally require the Company to pay for insurance, taxes and maintenance of the property. Leased capital assets included in net property, plant and equipment, primarily buildings and improvements, were $44$32 million and $4617 million at September 30, 20162018 and 20152017, respectively.


Other facilities and equipment are leased under arrangements that are accounted for as operating leases. Total rental expense for continuing and discontinued operations for the fiscal years ended September 30, 20162018, 20152017 and 20142016 was $402$467 million, $413502 million and $459402 million, respectively.

Future minimum capital and operating lease payments and the related present value of capital lease payments at September 30, 20162018 were as follows (in millions):
Capital
Leases
 
Operating
Leases
Capital
Leases
 
Operating
Leases
2017$5
 $406
20184
 310
20193
 227
$5
 $348
20203
 156
6
 284
20213
 98
6
 208
After 202112
 155
202215
 152
20232
 111
After 20239
 97
Total minimum lease payments30
 $1,352
43
 $1,200
Interest(6)  (7)  
Present value of net minimum lease payments$24
  $36
  


9.     DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

Short-term debt consisted of the following (in millions):
September 30,September 30,
2016 20152018 2017
Bank borrowings and commercial paper$1,119
 $52
$1,315
 $1,214
Weighted average interest rate on short-term debt outstanding1.3% 7.2%2.8% 1.6%

In connection with the Tyco merger,Merger, JCI Inc. replaced its $2.5 billion committed five-year credit facility scheduled to mature in August 2018 with a $2.0 billion committed four-year credit facility scheduled to mature in August 2020. Additionally, Tyco International Holding S.a.r.L. ("TSarl"),TSarl, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Johnson Controls, entered into a $1.0 billion committed four-year credit facility scheduled to mature in August 2020. The TSarl facility was increased to $1.25 billion in March 2018. The facilities are used to support the Company's outstanding commercial paper. There were no draws on either committed credit facilities during the fiscal years ended September 30, 20162018 and 2015. Average outstanding commercial2017. Commercial paper for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016 was $1,418 million, and there was $440 million outstanding as of September 30, 2016. Average outstanding commercial paper for the fiscal year ended September 30, 20152018 and 2017 was $1,537$879 million and there was none outstanding at September 30, 2015.$954 million, respectively.

In February 2016,March 2018, the Company entered into a nine-month, $100364-day $250 million floating rate term loan scheduled to mature in November 2016. Proceeds from the term loan were used for general corporate purposes.

In February 2016, the Company terminated a 37 million euro committed revolving credit facility scheduled to matureexpire in March 2019. As of September 2016, and subsequently30, 2018, there were no draws on the facility.

In March 2018, a 364-day $150 million committed revolving credit facility expired. The Company entered into a nine-month, 100new $150 million committed revolving credit facility scheduled to expire in February 2019. As of September 30, 2018, there were no draws on the facility.

In February 2018, a 364-day $150 million committed revolving credit facility expired. The Company entered into a new $150 million committed revolving credit facility scheduled to expire in February 2019. As of September 30, 2018, there were no draws on the facility.

In January 2018, a 364-day $250 million committed revolving credit facility expired. The Company entered into a new $200 million committed revolving credit facility scheduled to expire in January 2019. As of September 30, 2018, there were no draws on the facility.

In December 2017, the Company repaid a 364-day 150 million euro floating rate term loan, plus accrued interest, scheduled to mature in October 2016. Proceeds from the term loan were used for general corporate purposes.

In January 2016, the Company entered into a ten-month, $200 million, floating rate term loan scheduled to mature in October 2016. Proceeds from the term loan were used for general corporate purposes.

In January 2016, the Company entered into a ten-month, $125 million, floating rate term loan scheduled to mature in October 2016. Proceeds from the term loan were used for general corporate purposes.September 2018.

Long-term debt consisted of the following (in millions; due dates by fiscal year):
 September 30,
 2016 2015
Unsecured notes   
JCI Inc. - 5.5% due in 2016 ($800 million par value)
 800
JCI Inc. - 7.125% due in 2017 ($150 million par value)149
 153
JCI Inc. - 2.6% due in 2017 ($400 million par value)404
 404
JCI Inc. - 2.355% due in 2017 ($46 million par value)46
 46
JCI Inc. - 1.4% due in 2018 ($300 million par value)301
 303
JCI Inc. - 5.0% due in 2020 ($500 million par value)499
 499
JCI Inc. - 4.25% due 2021 ($500 million par value)498
 498
JCI Inc. - 3.75% due in 2022 ($450 million par value)448
 448
JCI Inc. - 3.625% due in 2024 ($500 million par value)500
 500
JCI Inc. - 6.0% due in 2036 ($400 million par value)396
 395
JCI Inc. - 5.7% due in 2041 ($300 million par value)299
 299
JCI Inc. - 5.25% due in 2042 ($250 million par value)250
 250
JCI Inc. - 4.625% due in 2044 ($450 million par value)447
 447
JCI Inc. - 6.95% due in 2046 ($125 million par value)125
 125
JCI Inc. - 4.95% due in 2064 ($450 million par value)449
 449
Tyco International Finance S.A. ("TIFSA") - 3.75% due in 2018 ($67 million par value)69
 
TIFSA - 4.625% due in 2023 ($42 million par value)46
 
TIFSA - 1.375% due in 2025 (EUR 500 million par value)571
 
TIFSA - 3.90% due in 2026 ($750 million par value)824
 
TIFSA - 5.125% due in 2045 ($750 million par value)903
 
Adient - 3.5% due in 2024 (EUR 1,000 million par value)1,119
 
Adient - 4.875% due in 2026 ($900 million par value)900
 
TSarl - Term Loan A - LIBOR plus 1.50% due in 20204,000
 
Adient - Term Loan A - LIBOR plus 1.005% due in 20211,500
 
Capital lease obligations24
 48
Other foreign-denominated debt   
Euro61
 529
Japanese Yen367
 308
Other39
 57
Gross long-term debt15,234
 6,558
Less: current portion628
 813
Net long-term debt$14,606
 $5,745
 September 30,
 2018 2017
Unsecured notes   
JCI plc - 1.4% due in 2018 ($259 million par value)$
 $259
JCI Inc. - 1.4% due in 2018 ($41 million par value)
 42
JCI plc - 3.75% due in 2018 ($49 million par value)
 49
Tyco International Finance S.A. ("TIFSA") - 3.75% due in 2018 ($18 million par value)
 18
JCI plc - 5.00% due in 2020 ($453 million par value)452
 452
JCI Inc. - 5.00% due in 2020 ($47 million par value)47
 47
JCI plc - 0.00% due in 2021 (€750 million par value)868
 
JCI plc - 4.25% due in 2021 ($447 million par value)446
 446
JCI Inc. - 4.25% due in 2021 ($53 million par value)53
 53
JCI plc - 3.75% due in 2022 ($428 million par value)427
 427
JCI Inc. - 3.75% due in 2022 ($22 million par value)22
 22
JCI plc - 4.625% due in 2023 ($35 million par value)37
 38
TIFSA - 4.625% due in 2023 ($7 million par value)8
 8
JCI plc - 1.00% due in 2023 (€1,000 million par value)1,154
 1,171
JCI plc - 3.625% due in 2024 ($468 million par value)468
 468
JCI Inc. - 3.625% due in 2024 ($31 million par value)31
 31
JCI plc - 1.375% due in 2025 (€423 million par value)501
 510
TIFSA - 1.375% due in 2025 (€58 million par value)69
 70
JCI plc - 3.90% due in 2026 ($698 million par value)755
 763
TIFSA - 3.90% due in 2026 ($51 million par value)52
 53
JCI plc - 6.00% due in 2036 ($392 million par value)388
 388
JCI Inc. - 6.00% due in 2036 ($8 million par value)8
 8
JCI plc - 5.70% due in 2041 ($270 million par value)269
 269
JCI Inc. - 5.70% due in 2041 ($30 million par value)30
 30
JCI plc - 5.25% due in 2042 ($242 million par value)242
 242
JCI Inc. - 5.25% due in 2042 ($8 million par value)8
 8
JCI plc - 4.625% due in 2044 ($445 million par value)441
 441
JCI Inc. - 4.625% due in 2044 ($6 million par value)6
 6
JCI plc - 5.125% due in 2045 ($727 million par value)867
 872
TIFSA - 5.125% due in 2045 ($23 million par value)23
 23
JCI plc - 6.95% due in 2046 ($121 million par value)121
 121
JCI Inc. - 6.95% due in 2046 ($4 million par value)4
 4
JCI plc - 4.50% due in 2047 ($500 million par value)496
 495
JCI plc - 4.95% due in 2064 ($435 million par value)434
 434
JCI Inc. - 4.95% due in 2064 ($15 million par value)15
 15
TSarl - Term Loan A - LIBOR plus 1.25% due in 2020364
 3,700
TSarl - Term Loan B - €215 million; EURIBOR plus 0.62% due in 2020250
 
JCI plc - Term Loan - 35 billion yen; LIBOR JPY plus 0.40% due in 2022309
 311
Capital lease obligations36
 19
Other23
 90
Gross long-term debt9,724
 12,403
Less: current portion26
 394
Less: debt issuance costs44
 45
Net long-term debt$9,654
 $11,964

At September 30, 2016, the Company’s other foreign-denominated long-term debt was at fixed and floating rates with a weighted-average interest rate of 1.3%. At September 30, 2015, the Company’s other foreign-denominated long-term debt was at fixed and floating rates with a weighted-average interest rate of 1.1%.

The installments of long-term debt maturing in subsequent fiscal years are: 2017 - $628 million; 2018 - $379 million; 2019 - $0$26 million; 2020 - $4,906$1,118 million; 2021 - $1,999$1,371 million; 2022 - $772 million; 2023 - $1,201 million; 2024 and thereafter - $7,322$5,236 million. The Company’s long-term debt includes various financial covenants, none of which are expected to restrict future operations.

Total interest paid on both short and long-term debt for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 2015 and 2014 was $319$415 million, $373$448 million and $314$319 million, respectively. The Company usesused financial instruments to manage its interest rate exposure in fiscal 2016 and the first quarter of 2017 (see Note 10, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," and Note 11, "Fair Value Measurements," of the notes to consolidated financial statements). These instruments affectaffected the weighted average interest rate of the Company’s debt and interest expense.

Financing Arrangements

Financing in connection with Tyco Merger and subsequent activities

Simultaneously with the closing of the Tyco mergerMerger on September 2, 2016, TSarl borrowed $4,000 million$4.0 billion under the Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of March 10, 2016 with a syndicate of lenders, providing for a three and a half year senior unsecured term loan facility to finance the cash consideration for, and fees, expenses and costs incurred in connection with the Merger.

Financing in connection with Adient spin-off

In August 2016, Adient Global Holdings, Ltd. (AGH), a wholly-owned subsidiary During fiscal 2017, the Company partially repaid $300 million of the Company, issued a one$4.0 billion euro,3.5% fixedfloating rate 8-year senior unsecured noteterm loan scheduled to matureexpire in August 2024. AGH also issued a $900 million, 4.875%, 10-year senior unsecured note scheduledMarch 2020. In October 2017, the Company completed the previously announced sale of its Scott Safety business to mature in August 2026. The3M. Net cash proceeds from the notestransaction of approximately $1.9 billion were deposited into escrow and are expectedused to be released in connection withrepay a significant portion of the spin-off. The notes have not been, and are not expected to be, guaranteed byTSarl $4.0 billion of merger related debt. In March 2018, the Company or any of its subsidiaries that will not be subsidiaries of Adient followingrepaid $26 million in principal amount, plus accrued interest. In April 2018, the spin-off. Approximately $1,500Company refinanced approximately $400 million of the proceeds will be distributed to TSarl merger related debt with commercial paper. In July 2018, the Company refinanced approximately $250 million in connection with the spin-off and approximately $500 millionprincipal amount of the proceeds will be used for Adient's general corporate purposes.

In July 2016, AGH entered intoTSarl merger related debt with a 5-year, $1,500364-day $250 million Term Afloating rate term loan facility and a 5-year, $1,500 million revolving credit facility scheduled to mature in July 2021. The term loan was fully drawn in August 2016. As of2019. In September 30, 2016, there were no draws on the facility. Upon completion of the spin-off of Adient, AGH will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Adient. On the date of the spin-off, Adient and certain of its wholly-owned subsidiaries will guarantee the debt, and the guarantees of2018, the Company will automatically be released. The Company used the proceeds of the term loan to early repay its four tranches of euro-denominated floating rate credit facilities, totaling 390repaid approximately $450 million euro, that were outstanding as of September 30, 2015; three term loans of $500 million, $200 million and $125 million that were entered into during fiscal 2016,in principal amount, plus accrued interest, and a $90refinanced approximately $250 million outstanding credit facility. The remainder of the proceeds were used for general corporate purposes.TSarl merger related debt with an 18-month 215 million euro floating rate term loan scheduled to mature in March 2020.

Other financing arrangements

At September 30, 2016, the Company had committed bilateral U.S. dollar denominated revolving credit facilities totaling $135 million, which are scheduled to expire in fiscal 2017. There were no draws on any of these revolving facilities in fiscal 2016.

In January 2016,2018, the Company retired $800$67 million in principal amount, plus accrued interest, of its 5.5%3.75% fixed rate notes that maturedexpired in January 2016.2018.

In September 2015,November 2017, the Company retired, at maturity, $500issued 750 million $150 million and $100 million floatingeuro in principal amount of 0.0% senior unsecured fixed rate term loans plus accrued interest that were entered into during fiscal 2015.

In June 2015, the Company entered into a five-year, 37 billion yen floating rate syndicated term loan scheduled to maturenotes due in JuneDecember 2020. Proceeds from the syndicated term loanissuance were used to repay existing debt and for other general corporate purposes.

In May 2015, the Company made a partial repayment of 32 million euro in principal amount, plus accrued interest, of its 70 million euro floating rate credit facility scheduled to mature in November 2017. The remaining outstanding portion as of September 30, 2015 was repaid during fiscal 2016.

In March 2015,2017, the Company retired $125$300 million in principal amount, plus accrued interest, of its 7.7%1.4% fixed rate notes that maturedexpired in March 2015.

In January 2015, the Company entered into a one-year, $90 million, committed revolving credit facility scheduled to mature in January 2016. The Company drew on the full credit facility during the quarter ended March 31, 2015. Proceeds from the revolving credit facility were used for general corporate purposes. The $90 million was repaid in September 2015.


November 2017.

Net Financing Charges

The Company's net financing charges line item in the consolidated statements of income for the years ended September 30, 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 20142016 contained the following components (in millions):
Year Ended September 30,Year Ended September 30,
2016 2015 20142018 2017 2016
          
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest costs$309
 $288
 $254
$437
 $466
 $293
Banking fees and bond cost amortization34
 23
 18
58
 67
 30
Interest income(14) (9) (10)(29) (19) (12)
Net foreign exchange results for financing activities(15) (14) (18)(25) (18) (22)
Net financing charges$314
 $288
 $244
$441
 $496
 $289

10.    DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

The Company selectively uses derivative instruments to reduce market risk associated with changes in foreign currency, commodities, stock-based compensation liabilities and interest rates. Under Company policy, the use of derivatives is restricted to those intended for hedging purposes; the use of any derivative instrument for speculative purposes is strictly prohibited. A description of each type of derivative utilized by the Company to manage risk is included in the following paragraphs. In addition,

refer to Note 11, "Fair Value Measurements," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information related to the fair value measurements and valuation methods utilized by the Company for each derivative type.

Cash Flow Hedges

The Company has global operations and participates in the foreign exchange markets to minimize its risk of loss from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company selectively hedges anticipated transactions that are subject to foreign exchange rate risk primarily using foreign currency exchange hedge contracts. The Company hedges 70% to 90% of the nominal amount of each of its known foreign exchange transactional exposures. As cash flow hedges under ASC 815, "Derivatives and Hedging," the effective portion of the hedge gains or losses due to changes in fair value are initially recorded as a component of AOCI and are subsequently reclassified into earnings when the hedged transactions occur and affect earnings. Any ineffective portion of the hedge is reflected in the consolidated statements of income. These contracts were highly effective in hedging the variability in future cash flows attributable to changes in currency exchange rates at September 30, 20162018 and 2015.2017.

The Company selectively hedges anticipated transactions that are subject to commodity price risk, primarily using commodity hedge contracts, to minimize overall price risk associated with the Company’s purchases of lead, copper, tin, aluminum and aluminumpolypropylene in cases where commodity price risk cannot be naturally offset or hedged through supply base fixed price contracts. Commodity risks are systematically managed pursuant to policy guidelines. As cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the hedge gains or losses due to changes in fair value are initially recorded as a component of AOCI and are subsequently reclassified into earnings when the hedged transactions, typically sales, occur and affect earnings. Any ineffective portion of the hedge is reflected in the consolidated statements of income. The maturities of the commodity hedge contracts coincide with the expected purchase of the commodities. These contracts were highly effective in hedging the variability in future cash flows attributable to changes in commodity prices at September 30, 20162018 and 2015.2017.

The Company had the following outstanding contracts to hedge forecasted commodity purchases:purchases (in metric tons):
   Volume Outstanding as of Volume Outstanding as of
Commodity Units September 30, 2016 September 30, 2015 September 30, 2018 September 30, 2017
Copper Pounds 5,849,000
 14,648,000
 3,175
 1,962
Polypropylene 15,868
 19,563
Lead Metric Tons 5,185
 6,785
 49,066
 24,705
Aluminum Metric Tons 2,620
 5,700
 3,381
 2,169
Tin Metric Tons 185
 2,080
 3,076
 1,715

In September 2005, the Company entered into three forward treasury lock agreements to reduce the market risk associated with changes in interest rates associated with the Company’s anticipated fixed-rate note issuance to finance the acquisition of York International Corp. (cash flow hedge). The three forward treasury lock agreements, which had a combined notional amount of

$1.3 billion, fixed a portion of the future interest cost for 5-year, 10-year and 30-year notes. The fair value of each treasury lock agreement, or the difference between the treasury lock reference rate and the fixed rate at time of note issuance, is amortized to interest expense over the life of the respective note issuance. In January 2006, in connection with the Company’s debt refinancing, the three forward treasury lock agreements were terminated.

Fair Value Hedges

The Company selectively uses interest rate swaps to reduce market risk associated with changes in interest rates for its fixed-rate bonds. As fair value hedges, the interest rate swaps and related debt balances are valued under a market approach using publicized swap curves. Changes in the fair value of the swap and hedged portion of the debt are recorded in the consolidated statements of income. In the fourth quarterAs of fiscal 2013,September 30, 2016, the Company entered into four fixed to floating interest rate swaps totaling $800 million to hedge the coupon of its 5.5% notes that matured in January 2016. In the third quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company entered intohad four fixed to floating interest rate swaps totaling $400 million to hedge the coupon of its 2.6% notes maturingthat matured in December 2016, three fixed to floating interest rate swaps totaling $300 million to hedge the coupon of its 1.4% notes maturing November 2017 and one fixed to floating interest rate swap totaling $150 million to hedge the coupon of its 7.125% notes maturing in July 2017. ThereIn December 31, 2016, the remaining four outstanding interest rate swaps were eight and twelveterminated. The Company had no interest rate swaps outstanding as ofat September 30, 20162018 and 2015, respectively.2017.

Net Investment Hedges

The Company enters into cross-currency interest rate swaps and foreign currency denominated debt obligations to selectively hedge portions of its net investment in non-U.S. subsidiaries. The currency effects of the cross-currency interest rate swaps and debt obligations are reflected in the AOCI account within shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls ordinary shareholders where they offset currency gains and losses recorded on the Company’s net investmentsinvestments globally. At September 30, 2016,2018, the Company had 37one billion euro, 750 million euro, 423 million euro, and 58 million euro in bonds and a 215 million euro term loan designated as net investment hedges in the Company's net investment in Europe and 35 billion yen of foreign denominated debt designated as net investment hedge in the Company's net investment in Japan and aJapan. At September 30, 2017, the Company had one billion euro, 423 million euro and 50058 million euro bonds designated as net investment hedges in the Company's net investment in Europe. The Company had no cross-currency interest rate swaps outstanding at September 30, 2016. At September 30, 2015, the Company had four cross-currency interest rate swaps outstanding totaling 20Europe and 35 billion yen. The Company did not have anyyen of foreign denominated debt outstanding designated as a net investment hedge at September 30, 2015.in the Company's net investment in Japan.


Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

The Company selectively uses equity swaps to reduce market risk associated with certain of its stock-based compensation plans, such as its deferred compensation plans. These equity compensation liabilities increase as the Company’s stock price increases and decrease as the Company’s stock price decreases. In contrast, the value of the swap agreement moves in the opposite direction of these liabilities, allowing the Company to fix a portion of the liabilities at a stated amount. As of September 30, 20162018, the Company had no equity swaps outstanding ashedged approximately 1.8 million of its ordinary shares, which have a resultcost basis of the Tyco Merger and proposed spin-off.$73 million. As of September 30, 2015,2017 the Company had hedged approximately 4.01.4 million shares of its common stock.ordinary shares, which have a cost basis of $58 million.

The Company also holds certain foreign currency forward contracts which do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. The change in fair value of foreign currency exchange derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815 are recorded in the consolidated statements of income.


Fair Value of Derivative Instruments

The following table presents the location and fair values of derivative instruments and hedging activities included in the Company’s consolidated statements of financial position (in millions):
Derivatives and Hedging Activities
Designated as Hedging Instruments
under ASC 815
 
Derivatives and Hedging Activities Not
Designated as Hedging Instruments
under ASC 815
Derivatives and Hedging Activities
Designated as Hedging Instruments
under ASC 815
 
Derivatives and Hedging Activities Not
Designated as Hedging Instruments
under ASC 815
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
 
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
September 30,
2018
 September 30, 2017 
September 30,
2018
 September 30, 2017
Other current assets              
Foreign currency exchange derivatives$41
 $31
 $49
 $27
$6
 $27
 $10
 $
Commodity derivatives4
 
 
 
1
 9
 
 
Interest rate swaps
 1
 
 
Cross-currency interest rate swaps
 5
 
 
Other noncurrent assets              
Interest rate swaps1
 5
 
 
Equity swap
 
 
 164

 
 63
 55
Total assets$46
 $42
 $49
 $191
$7
 $36
 $73
 $55
              
Other current liabilities              
Foreign currency exchange derivatives$48
 $37
 $23
 $26
$10
 $21
 $2
 $25
Commodity derivatives
 7
 
 
14
 1
 
 
Cross-currency interest rate swaps
 1
 
 
Current portion of long-term debt       
Fixed rate debt swapped to floating551
 801
 
 
Long-term debt              
Foreign currency denominated debt2,057
 
 
 
3,149
 2,058
 
 
Fixed rate debt swapped to floating301
 855
 
 
Total liabilities$2,957
 $1,701
 $23
 $26
$3,173
 $2,080
 $2
 $25

Counterparty Credit Risk

The use of derivative financial instruments exposes the Company to counterparty credit risk. The Company has established policies and procedures to limit the potential for counterparty credit risk, including establishing limits for credit exposure and continually assessing the creditworthiness of counterparties. As a matter of practice, the Company deals with major banks worldwide having strong investment grade long-term credit ratings. To further reduce the risk of loss, the Company generally enters into International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA)("ISDA") master netting agreements with substantially all of its counterparties. The Company's derivative contracts do not contain any credit risk related contingent features and do not require collateral or other security to be furnished by the Company or the counterparties. The Company's exposure to credit risk associated with its derivative instruments is measured on an individual counterparty basis, as well as by groups of counterparties that share similar attributes. The Company does not anticipate any non-performance by any of its counterparties, and the concentration of risk with financial institutions does not present significant credit risk to the Company.

The Company enters into ISDA master netting agreements with counterparties that permit the net settlement of amounts owed under the derivative contracts. The master netting agreements generally provide for net settlement of all outstanding contracts with a counterparty in the case of an event of default or a termination event. The Company has not elected to offset the fair value positions of the derivative contracts recorded in the consolidated statements of financial position. Collateral is generally not required of the Company or the counterparties under the master netting agreements. As of September 30, 20162018 and September 30, 2015,2017, no cash collateral was received or pledged under the master netting agreements.


The gross and net amounts of derivative assets and liabilities were as follows (in millions):
Fair Value of Assets Fair Value of LiabilitiesFair Value of Assets Fair Value of Liabilities
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
 
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
 
September 30,
2018
 
September 30,
2017
 
September 30,
2018
 
September 30,
2017
 
Gross amount recognized$95
 $233
 $2,980
 $1,727
 $80
 $91
 $3,175
 $2,105
 
Gross amount eligible for offsetting(21) (8) (21) (8) (12) (16) (12) (16) 
Net amount$74
 $225
 $2,959
 $1,719
 $68
 $75
 $3,163
 $2,089
 

Derivatives Impact on the Statements of Income and Statements of Comprehensive Income

The following table presents the effective portion of pre-tax gains (losses) recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) related to cash flow hedges for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 20142016 (in millions):
Derivatives in ASC 815 Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Year Ended September 30, Year Ended September 30,
2016 2015 2014 2018 2017 2016
Foreign currency exchange derivatives $(18) $(5) $1
 $2
 $(1) $(18)
Commodity derivatives 3
 (19) (7) (14) 14
 3
Total $(15) $(24) $(6) $(12) $13
 $(15)
The following tablestable presents the location and amount of the effective portion of pre-tax gains (losses) on cash flow hedges reclassified from AOCI into the Company’s consolidated statements of income for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 20142016 (in millions):
Derivatives in ASC 815 Cash Flow
Hedging Relationships
 
Location of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on Derivative
 Year Ended September 30, 
Location of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on Derivative
 Year Ended September 30,
 2016 2015 2014  2018 2017 2016
Foreign currency exchange derivatives Cost of sales $(21) $1
 $(2) Cost of sales $4
 $25
 $9
Foreign currency exchange derivatives Loss from discontinued operations 
 
 (30)
Commodity derivatives Cost of sales (12) (11) 1
 Cost of sales 12
 8
 (12)
Forward treasury locks Net financing charges 1
 1
 1
 Net financing charges 
 
 1
Total $(32) $(9) $
 $16
 $33
 $(32)

The following table presents the location and amount of pre-tax gains (losses) on fair value hedges recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of income for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 20142016 (in millions):
Derivatives in ASC 815 Fair Value Hedging Relationships 
Location of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on Derivative
 Year Ended September 30, 
Location of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on Derivative
 Year Ended September 30,
 2016 2015 2014  2018 2017 2016
Interest rate swap Net financing charges $(5) $7
 $5
 Net financing charges $
 $(1) $(5)
Fixed rate debt swapped to floating Net financing charges 5
 (7) (5) Net financing charges 
 2
 5
Total $
 $
 $
 $
 $1
 $

The following table presents the location and amount of pre-tax gains (losses) on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of income for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 20142016 (in millions):
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments under ASC 815 
Location of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on Derivative
 Year Ended September 30, 
Location of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on Derivative
 Year Ended September 30,
 2016 2015 2014  2018 2017 2016
Foreign currency exchange derivatives Cost of sales $(18) $(3) $1
 Cost of sales $5
 $(1) $(20)
Foreign currency exchange derivatives Net financing charges (11) (12) 18
 Net financing charges 33
 44
 21
Foreign currency exchange derivatives Income tax provision 4
 
 
 Income tax provision (3) (3) 4
Foreign currency exchange derivatives Loss from discontinued operations 
 5
 (30)
Equity swap Selling, general and administrative 14
 (9) (1) Selling, general and administrative (8) (3) 14
Total $(11) $(24) $18
 $27
 $42
 $(11)

The effective portion of pre-tax gains (losses) recorded in foreign currency translation adjustment ("CTA") within other comprehensive income (loss) related to net investment hedges were $(82)$45 million, $16$(138) million and $24$(82) million for the years ended September 30, 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 2014,2016, respectively. For the years ended September 30, 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 2014,2016, no gains or losses were reclassified from CTA into income for the Company’s outstanding net investment hedges, and no gains or losses were recognized in income for the ineffective portion of cash flow hedges.


11.    FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement," defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes information used in developing assumptions when pricing an asset or liability as follows:

Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2: Inputs,Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3: Unobservable inputs where there is little or no market data, which requires the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

ASC 820 requires the use of observable market data, when available, in making fair value measurements. When inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present the Company’s fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of September 30, 20162018 and 20152017 (in millions):
 
Fair Value Measurements Using:Fair Value Measurements Using:
Total as of
September 30, 2016
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total as of
September 30, 2018
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Other current assets              
Foreign currency exchange derivatives$90
 $
 $90
 $
$16
 $
 $16
 $
Commodity derivatives4
 
 4
 
1
 
 1
 
Exchange traded funds (fixed income)1
15
 15
 
 
14
 14
 
 
Other noncurrent assets              
Interest rate swaps1
 
 1
 
Investments in marketable common stock3
 3
 
 
4
 4
 
 
Deferred compensation plan assets81
 81
 
 
100
 100
 
 
Exchange traded funds (fixed income)1
163
 163
 
 
148
 148
 
 
Exchange traded funds (equity)1
86
 86
 
 
119
 119
 
 
Equity swap63
 
 63
 
Total assets$443
 $348
 $95
 $
$465
 $385
 $80
 $
Other current liabilities              
Foreign currency exchange derivatives$71
 $
 $71
 $
$12
 $
 $12
 $
Current portion of long-term debt       
Fixed rate debt swapped to floating551
 
 551
 
Long-term debt       
Foreign currency denominated debt2,057
 2,057
 
 
Fixed rate debt swapped to floating301
 
 301
 
Commodity derivatives14
 
 14
 
Total liabilities$2,980
 $2,057
 $923
 $
$26
 $
 $26
 $


 Fair Value Measurements Using:
 Total as of
September 30, 2017
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Other current assets       
Foreign currency exchange derivatives$27
 $
 $27
 $
Commodity derivatives9
 
 9
 
Exchange traded funds (fixed income)1
14
 14
 
 
Other noncurrent assets       
Investments in marketable common stock10
 10
 
 
Deferred compensation plan assets92
 92
 
 
Exchange traded funds (fixed income)1
155
 155
 
 
Exchange traded funds (equity)1
100
 100
 
 
Equity swap55
 
 55
 
Total assets$462
 $371
 $91
 $
Other current liabilities       
Foreign currency exchange derivatives$46
 $
 $46
 $
Commodity derivatives1
 
 1
 
Total liabilities$47
 $
 $47
 $

 1Classified as restricted investments for payment of asbestos liabilities. See Note 23,22, "Commitments and Contingencies" of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further details.

 Fair Value Measurements Using:
 
Total as of
September 30, 2015
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Other current assets       
Foreign currency exchange derivatives$58
 $
 $58
 $
Interest rate swaps1
 
 1
 
Cross-currency interest rate swaps5
 
 5
 
Other noncurrent assets       
Interest rate swaps5
 
 5
 
Investments in marketable common stock4
 4
 
 
Equity swap164
 164
 
 
Total assets$237
 $168
 $69
 $
Other current liabilities       
Foreign currency exchange derivatives$63
 $
 $63
 $
Commodity derivatives7
 
 7
 
Cross-currency interest rate swaps1
 
 1
 
Current portion of long-term debt       
Fixed rate debt swapped to floating801
 
 801
 
Long-term debt       
Fixed rate debt swapped to floating855
 
 855
 
Total liabilities$1,727
 $
 $1,727
 $

Valuation Methods

Foreign currency exchange derivatives: The foreign currency exchange derivatives are valued under a market approach using publicized spot and forward prices.

Commodity derivatives: The commodity derivatives are valued under a market approach using publicized prices, where available, or dealer quotes.

Interest rate swaps and related debt: The interest rate swaps and related debt balances are valued under a market approach using publicized swap curves.

Equity swaps: The equity swaps are valued under a market approach as the fair value of the swaps is equal to the Company’s stock price at the reporting period date.

Cross-currency interest rate swaps: The cross-currency interest rate swaps are valued using observable market data.

Deferred compensation plan assets: Assets held in the deferred compensation plans will be used to pay benefits under certain of the Company's non-qualified deferred compensation plans. The investments primarily consist of mutual funds which are publicly traded on stock exchanges and are valued using a market approach based on the quoted market prices.

Investments in marketable common stock and exchange traded funds: Investments in marketable common stock and exchange traded funds are valued using a market approach based on the quoted market prices, where available, or broker/dealer quotes of identical or comparable instruments. There was anThe Company recorded unrealized loss recordedgains of $23 million and unrealized losses of $15 million on these investments as of $1 million for the year ended September 30, 20162018 within AOCI in the consolidated statements of financial position. There were noThe Company recorded unrealized gains orof $10 million and unrealized losses recorded on these investments forof $6 million as of September 30, 2017 within AOCI in the consolidated statements of financial position. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015. The Company did not hold the exchange traded funds during the year ended September 30, 2015.

Foreign currency denominated debt: The Company had entered into foreign currency denominated debt obligations to selectively hedge portions of its net investment in non-U.S. subsidiaries. The currency effects of debt obligations are reflected in the AOCI

account within shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls ordinary shareholders where they offset gains and losses recorded on the Company’s net investments globally. The foreign denominated debt obligation is remeasured to current exchange rates under a market approach using publicized spot prices. At September 30, 2016,2018, the Company had 37 billion yensold certain marketable common stock for approximately $3 million. As a result, the Company recorded $2 million of foreign denominated debt designated as net investment hedge in the Company's net investment in Japanrealized gains within selling, general and one billion euro and 500 million euro bonds designated as net investment hedges in the Company's net investment in Europe. The Company did not have any foreign denominated debt outstanding designated as a net investment hedge at September 30, 2015.administrative expenses.

The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, short-term debt and accounts payable approximate their carrying values. The fair value of long-term debt which was $15.7$9.6 billion and $6.7$12.7 billion at September 30, 20162018 and 2015, respectively,2017, respectively. The fair value of public debt was $8.6 billion at September 30, 2018 and 2017, which was determined primarily using market quotes classified as Level 1 inputs within the ASC 820 fair value hierarchy. The fair value of other long-term debt was $1.0 billion and $4.1 billion at September 30, 2018 and 2017 respectively, which was determined based on quoted market prices for similar instruments classified as Level 2 inputs within the ASC 820 fair value hierarchy.

12.    STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

On September 2, 2016, the shareholders of the Company approved the Johnson Controls International plc 2012 Share and Incentive Plan (the "Plan"). The original effective date of this Plan was October 1, 2012. The Plan was amended and restated as of November 17, 2014 and was amended and restated again in connection with the Merger that was consummated on September 2, 2016 (the “Amendment Effective Date”). The amendment and restatement is intended to reflect the assumption into this Plan of the remaining share reserves under the Johnson Controls, Inc. 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan and the Johnson Controls, Inc. 2003 Stock Plan for Outside Directors (the “Legacy Johnson Controls Plans”) as of the Amendment Effective Date. Following the Amendment Effective Date, no further awards may be made under the Legacy Johnson Controls Plans. The types of awards authorized by the Plan comprise of stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance shares, performance units and other stock-based awards. The Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors will determine the types of awards to be granted to individual participants and the terms and conditions of the awards. The Plan provides that 76 million shares of the Company's common stock are reserved for issuance under the 2012 Plan, and 4645 million shares remain available for issuance at September 30, 2016.2018.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, outstanding stock options held by Tyco employees on September 2, 2016 (the “Merger Date”) were converted into options to acquire the Company's shares using a 0.955-for-one share consolidation ratio in a manner designed to preserve the intrinsic value of such awards. In addition, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, nonvested restricted stock held by Tyco employees on the Merger Date were converted into nonvested restricted stock of the Company using the 0.955-for-one share consolidation ratio in a manner designed to preserve the intrinsic value of such awards. Outstanding performance share awards held by Tyco employees on the Merger Date were converted to nonvested restricted stock of the Company at the target performance level, and adjusted to reflect the 0.955-for-one consolidation ratio. Except for the conversion of stock options, nonvested restricted stock and performance share awards discussed herein, the material terms of the awards remained unchanged. The modifications made to the awards upon the Merger Date constituted modifications under the authoritative guidance for accounting for stock compensation. This guidance requires the Company to revalue the awards upon the Merger close and allocate the revised fair value between purchase consideration and continuing expense based on the ratio of service performed through the Merger Date over the total service period of the awards. The revised fair value allocated to post-merger services resulted in incremental expense which is recognized over the remaining service period of the awards. The portion of Tyco awards earned as of the Merger Date included as purchase consideration was $224 million. The total value of Tyco awards not earned as of the Merger Date was $101 million, which will be expensed over the remaining future vesting period. Of this amount, $10 million was recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses and $23 million was recorded in restructuring and impairment costs in the consolidated statement of income for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016 as a result of change-in-control provisions for current and former employees. Refer to Note 2, “Merger Transaction,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Merger.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, outstanding stock options held by JCI Inc. employees on the Merger Date were converted one-for-one into options to acquire the Company's shares in a manner designed to preserve the intrinsic value of such awards. In addition, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, nonvested restricted stock held by JCI Inc. employees on the Merger Date was converted one-for-one into nonvested restricted stock of the Company in a manner designed to preserve the intrinsic value of such awards. Outstanding performance share awards held by JCI Inc. employees on the Merger Date were converted to nonvested restricted stock of the Company based on certain performance factors. Except for the conversion of stock options, nonvested restricted stock and performance share awards discussed herein, the material terms of the awards remained unchanged, and no incremental fair value resulted from the conversion. References to the Company’s stock throughout Note 12 refer to stock of JCI Inc. prior to the Merger Date and to stock of the Company subsequent to the Merger Date.

In connection with the Adient spin-off, pursuant to the Employee Matters Agreement between the Company and Adient, outstanding stock options and SARs held on October 31, 2016 (the “Spin Date”) by employees remaining with the Company were converted into options and SARs of the Company using a 1.085317-for-one share ratio, which is based on the pre-spin and post-spin closing prices of the Company’s ordinary shares. The exercise prices for options and SARs were converted using the inverse ratio in a manner designed to preserve the intrinsic value of such awards. In addition, pursuant to the Employee Matters Agreement, nonvested restricted stock held on the Spin Date by employees remaining with the Company were converted into nonvested restricted stock of the Company using the 1.085317-for-one share ratio in a manner designed to preserve the intrinsic value of such awards. There were no performance share awards outstanding as of the Spin Date. Employees remaining with the Company did not receive stock-based compensation awards of Adient as a result of the spin-off. Except for the conversion of awards and related exercise prices discussed herein, the material terms of the awards remained unchanged. No incremental fair value resulted from the conversion of the awards; therefore, no additional compensation expense was recorded related to the award modification.    

Also in connection with the spin-off transaction, pursuant to the Employee Matters Agreement, employees of Adient were entitled to receive stock-based compensation awards of the Company and Adient in replacement of previously outstanding awards of the Company granted prior to the Spin Date. These awards include stock options, stock appreciation rights and nonvested restricted stock. Upon the Spin Date, the existing awards held by Adient employees were converted into new awards of the Company and

Adient on a pro rata basis and further adjusted based on a formula designed to preserve the intrinsic value of such awards. Additional compensation expense, if any, resulting from the modification of awards held by Adient employees is to be recorded by Adient.

The Company has four share-based compensation plans, which are described below. For the fiscal yearyears ended September 30, 2016,2018 and 2017, compensation cost charged against income for continuing operations, excluding the offsetting impact of outstanding equity swaps, for those plans was approximately $176$98 million and $134 million, respectively, all of which $137 million was recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses and $39 million

was recorded in restructuring and impairment costs.expenses. For the fiscal yearsyear ended September 30, 2015 and 2014,2016, compensation cost charged against income for continuing operations, excluding the offsetting impact of outstanding equity swaps, for those plans was approximately $85$160 million, and $81 million, respectively, all of which $121 million was recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses.expenses and $39 million was recorded in restructuring and impairment costs.

The Company has elected to utilize the alternative transition method for calculating the tax effects of stock-based compensation.  The total income tax benefit recognized for continuing operations in the consolidated statements of income for share-based compensation arrangements was approximately $62$25 million, $34$53 million and $32$56 million for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 2014,2016, respectively.  The tax expense from the exercise and vesting of equity settled awards was $3 million for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 and recorded as part of the income tax provision upon adoption of ASU 2016-09 during the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The tax benefit from the exercise and vesting of equity settled awards was $4 million and $11 million for the fiscal years ended 2017 and 2016, respectively, and were recorded in capital in excess of par value.  The Company applies a non-substantive vesting period approach whereby expense is accelerated for those employees that receive awards and are eligibledoes not settle stock options granted under share-based payment arrangements to retire prior to the award vesting.cash.

Stock Options

Stock options are granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s stock at the date of grant. Stock option awards typically vest between two and three years after the grant date and expire ten years from the grant date.

The fair value of each option is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option valuation model that uses the assumptions noted in the following table. Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock and other factors. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercises and employee terminations within the valuation model. The expected termlife of options represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding.outstanding, assessed separately for executives and non-executives. The risk-free interest rate for periods during the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. For fiscal 2018, the expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company's stock after the Adient spin-off blended with the historical volatility of certain peer companies' stock prior to the Adient spin-off over the most recent period corresponding to the expected life as of the grant date. For fiscal 2017, the expected volatility is based on historical volatility of certain peer companies over the most recent period corresponding to the expected life as of the grant date. For fiscal 2016, the expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company's stock and other factors. The expected dividend yield is based on the expected annual dividend as a percentage of the market value of the Company’s ordinary shares as of the grant date. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercises and employee terminations within the valuation model.
Year Ended September 30,Year Ended September 30,
2016 2015 20142018 2017 2016
Expected life of option (years)6.4 6.6 6.76.5 4.75 & 6.5 6.4
Risk-free interest rate1.64% - 1.70% 1.61% - 1.93% 1.92%2.28% 1.23% - 1.93% 1.64% - 1.70%
Expected volatility of the Company’s stock36.00% 36.00% 36.00%23.70% 24.60% 36.00%
Expected dividend yield on the Company’s stock2.11% 2.02% 2.17%2.78% 2.21% 2.11%

A summary of stock option activity at September 30, 2016,2018, and changes for the year then ended, is presented below:
 
Weighted
Average
Option Price
 
Shares
Subject to
Option
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in millions)
Outstanding, September 30, 2015$31.17
 13,039,240
    
Granted43.83
 961,705
    
Acquired Tyco awards31.37
 10,895,381
    
Exercised27.93
 (2,393,703)    
Forfeited or expired42.90
 (170,390)    
Outstanding, September 30, 2016$32.07
 22,332,233
 5.3 $327
Exercisable, September 30, 2016$28.30
 15,745,714
 4.4 $288
 
Weighted
Average
Option Price
 
Shares
Subject to
Option
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in millions)
Outstanding, September 30, 2017$32.76
 19,730,443
    
Granted37.32
 1,376,807
 
  
Exercised24.24
 (2,733,159)    
Forfeited or expired38.62
 (538,029)    
Outstanding, September 30, 2018$34.24
 17,836,062
 4.2 $84
Exercisable, September 30, 2018$31.22
 14,329,210
 3.3 $84

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 2015was $7.04, $7.81 and 2014 was $13.14, $15.51 and $14.70, respectively.

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 20142016 was approximately $39$38 million, $227$81 million and $135$39 million, respectively.

In conjunction with the exercise of stock options granted, the Company received cash payments for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 20142016 of approximately $66 million, $157 million and $70 million, $275 million and $186 million, respectively.

The Company has elected to utilize the alternative transition method for calculating the tax effects of stock-based compensation. The alternative transition method includes computational guidance to establish the beginning balance of the additional paid-in capital pool (APIC Pool) related to the tax effects of employee stock-based compensation, and a simplified method to determine the subsequent impact on the APIC Pool for employee stock-based compensation awards that are vested and outstanding upon adoption of ASC 718, "Compensation - Stock Compensation." The tax benefit from the exercise of stock options, which is recorded

in capital in excess of par value, was $11 million, $59 million and $34 million for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Company does not settle stock options granted under share-based payment arrangements for cash.

At September 30, 2016,2018, the Company had approximately $26$13 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options granted.granted for continuing operations. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.21.6 years.

Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs)("SARs")

SARs vest under the same terms and conditions as stock option awards; however, they are settled in cash for the difference between the market price on the date of exercise and the exercise price. As a result, SARs are recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of financial position as a liability until the date of exercise.

The fair value of each SAR award is estimated using a similar method described for stock options. The fair value of each SAR award is recalculated at the end of each reporting period and the liability and expense are adjusted based on the new fair value.

The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the SAR awards at September 30, 20162018 were as follows:
Expected life of SAR (years)0.50.4 - 4.25.1
Risk-free interest rate0.45%2.29% - 1.04%2.94%
Expected volatility of the Company’s stock36.00%23.70%
Expected dividend yield on the Company’s stock2.11%2.78%

A summary of SAR activity at September 30, 2016,2018, and changes for the year then ended, is presented below:
Weighted
Average
SAR Price
 
Shares
Subject to
SAR
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in millions)
Weighted
Average
SAR Price
 
Shares
Subject to
SAR
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in millions)
Outstanding, September 30, 2015$29.53
 1,740,100
  
Outstanding, September 30, 2017$27.02
 893,311
  
Granted43.86
 54,749
  25.78
 12,119
  
Exercised27.41
 (494,480)  26.13
 (256,900)  
Forfeited or expired36.33
 (99,204)  26.09
 (21,829)  
Outstanding, September 30, 2016$30.49
 1,201,165
 4.6 $19
Exercisable, September 30, 2016$29.23
 1,114,543
 4.3 $19
Outstanding, September 30, 2018$27.39
 626,701
 3.2 $5
Exercisable, September 30, 2018$26.52
 590,556
 3.1 $5

In conjunction with the exercise of SARs granted, the Company made payments of $8$3 million, $19$4 million and $21$8 million during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 2014,2016, respectively.

Restricted (Nonvested) Stock / Units

The Plan provides for the award of restricted stock or restricted stock units to certain employees. These awards are typically share settled unless the employee is a non-U.S. employee or elects to defer settlement until retirement at which point the award would be settled in cash. Restricted awards typically vest afterover a period of three years from the grant date. The Plan allows for different vesting terms on specific grants with approval by the Board of Directors. The fair value of each share-settled restricted award is based on the closing market value of the Company’s ordinary shares on the date of grant. The fair value of each cash-settled restricted award is recalculated at the end of each reporting period based on the closing market value of the Company's ordinary shares at the end of the reporting period, and the liability and expense are adjusted based on the new fair value.


A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested restricted stock awards at September 30, 2016,2018, and changes for the fiscal year then ended, is presented below:
 
Weighted
Average
Price
 
Shares/Units
Subject to
Restriction
Nonvested, September 30, 2015$45.75
 2,370,155
Granted45.49
 4,052,020
Acquired Tyco awards47.74
 2,916,471
Converted performance share awards *49.20
 1,108,036
Vested34.45
 (527,017)
Forfeited45.83
 (353,621)
Nonvested, September 30, 2016$47.27
 9,566,044

* As of the Amendment Effective Date, performance share awards were converted to nonvested restricted stock based on certain performance factors.
 
Weighted
Average
Price
 
Shares/Units
Subject to
Restriction
Nonvested, September 30, 2017$44.48
 6,961,706
Granted37.21
 2,274,160
Vested39.84
 (3,819,581)
Forfeited39.38
 (414,768)
Nonvested, September 30, 2018$45.14
 5,001,517

At September 30, 2016,2018, the Company had approximately $182$80 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock arrangements granted.granted for continuing operations. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.01.8 years.

Performance Share Awards

The Plan permits the grant of performance-based share unit ("PSU") awards. The number of PSUs granted is equal to the PSU award value divided by the closing price of the Company's common stock at the grant date. The PSUs are generally contingent on the achievement of pre-determined performance goals over a three-year performance period as well as on the award holder's continuous employment until the vesting date. The PSUs are also indexed to the achievement of specified levels of total shareholder return versus a peer group over the performance period. Each PSU that is earned will be settled with a shareshares of the Company's common stockordinary shares following the completion of the performance period, unless the award holder elected to defer a portion or all of the award until retirement which would then be settled in cash.

The fair value of each PSU is estimated on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation that uses the assumptions noted in the following table. The risk-free interest rate for periods during the contractual life of the PSU is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. For fiscal 2018, the expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company's stock after the Adient spin-off blended with the historical volatility of certain peer companies' stock prior to the Adient spin-off over the most recent three-year period as of the grant date. For fiscal 2017, the expected volatility is based on historical volatility of certain peer companies over the most recent three-year period as of the grant date.
 Year Ended September 30,
 2018 2017
Risk-free interest rate1.92% 1.40%
Expected volatility of the Company’s stock21.70% 21.00%

A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested PSUs at September 30, 2016,2018, and changes for the fiscal year then ended, is presented below:
 
Weighted
Average
Price
 
Shares/Units
Subject to
PSU
Nonvested, September 30, 2015$42.33
 924,388
Vested30.73
 (344,318)
Forfeited49.73
 (21,305)
Nonvested, September 02, 2016$49.20
 558,765
Conversion to nonvested restricted stock *49.20
 (558,765)
Nonvested, September 30, 2016$
 

* As of the Amendment Effective Date, PSUs were converted to nonvested restricted stock.
 
Weighted
Average
Price
 
Shares/Units
Subject to
PSU
Nonvested, September 30, 2017$43.24
 1,119,388
Granted37.36
 496,478
Forfeited43.97
 (203,576)
Nonvested, September 30, 2018$41.07
 1,412,290


13.    EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company presents both basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS)EPS amounts. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Johnson Controls by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Johnson Controls by the weighted average number of ordinary shares and ordinary equivalent shares outstanding during the reporting period that are calculated using the treasury stock method for stock options, unvested restricted stock and unvested performance share awards. The treasury stock method assumes that the Company uses the proceeds from the exercise of stock option awards to repurchase ordinary shares at the average market price during the period. The assumed proceeds under the treasury stock method include the purchase price that the grantee will pay in the future and compensation cost for future service that the Company has not yet recognized and any windfall tax benefits that would be credited to capital in excess of par value when the award generates a tax deduction. If there would be a shortfall resulting in a charge to capital in excess of par value, such an amount would be a reduction of the proceeds.recognized. For unvested restricted stock and unvested performance share awards, assumed proceeds under the treasury stock method would include unamortized compensation cost and windfall tax benefits or shortfalls.cost.

The following table reconciles the numerators and denominators used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share (in millions):
 Year Ended September 30,
 2016 2015 2014
Income (Loss) Available to Common Shareholders     
Income (loss) from continuing operations$(868) $1,439
 $1,404
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
 124
 (189)
Basic and diluted income (loss) available to common shareholders$(868) $1,563
 $1,215
      
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding     
Basic weighted average shares outstanding667.4
 655.2
 666.9
Effect of dilutive securities:     
Stock options, unvested restricted stock and unvested
     performance share awards

 6.3
 7.9
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding667.4
 661.5
 674.8
      
Antidilutive Securities     
Options to purchase common shares
 0.4
 0.1

For the twelve months ended September 30, 2016, the total number of potential dilutive shares due to stock options, unvested restricted stock and unvested performance share awards was 5.2 million. However, these items were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share for the twelve months ended September 30, 2016, since to do so would decrease the loss per share.
 Year Ended September 30,
 2018 2017 2016
Income (loss) Available to Ordinary Shareholders     
Income from continuing operations$2,162
 $1,654
 $732
Loss from discontinued operations
 (43) (1,600)
Basic and diluted income (loss) available to shareholders$2,162
 $1,611
 $(868)
      
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding     
Basic weighted average shares outstanding925.7
 935.3
 667.4
Effect of dilutive securities:     
Stock options, unvested restricted stock and unvested
     performance share awards
6.0
 9.3
 5.2
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding931.7
 944.6
 672.6
      
Antidilutive Securities     
Options to purchase shares1.5
 0.2
 

During the three months ended September 30, 20162018 and 2015,2017, the Company declared a dividend of $0.29$0.26 and $0.26,$0.25, respectively, per common share. During the twelve months ended September 30, 20162018 and 2015,2017, the Company declared four quarterly dividends totaling $1.16$1.04 and $1.04,$1.00, respectively, per common share. The company pays all dividends in the month subsequent to the end of each fiscal quarter.

14.    EQUITY AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS

Share Capital

In September 2016, as a result of the Tyco Merger and further discussed within Note 2, "Merger Transaction," of the notes to consolidated financial statements, each outstanding share of common stock, par value $1.00 per share, of JCI Inc. common stock (other than shares held by JCI Inc., Tyco and certain of their subsidiaries) was converted into the right to receive either a cash consideration or a share consideration.

The shares outstanding as of the mergerMerger date were calculated as follows (in millions, except share consolidation ratio and per share data):
Pre-merger Tyco shares outstanding 427.2
 427.2
Share consolidation ratio 0.955
 0.955
Post-share consolidation Tyco shares 408.0
 408.0
    
Johnson Controls Inc. shares outstanding 638.3
Cash contributed by Tyco used to purchase shares of Johnson Controls Inc. $3,864
Johnson Controls Inc. per share consideration $34.88
Johnson Controls, Inc. shares outstanding 638.3
Cash contributed by Tyco used to purchase shares of Johnson Controls, Inc. $3,864
Johnson Controls, Inc. per share consideration $34.88
    
Reduction in shares due to cash consideration paid by Tyco (110.8) (110.8)
    
Adjusted Johnson Controls Inc. shares outstanding (1:1 exchange ratio) 527.5
Adjusted Johnson Controls, Inc. shares outstanding (1:1 exchange ratio) 527.5
    
Shares outstanding at September 2, 2016 935.5
 935.5
 
 
Par value $9
 $9

Dividends

The authority to declare and pay dividends is vested in the Board of Directors. The timing, declaration and payment of future dividends to holders of the Company's ordinary shares will be determined by the Company's Board of Directors and will depend upon many factors, including the Company's financial condition and results of operations, the capital requirements of the Company's businesses, industry practice and any other relevant factors.

Under Irish law, dividends may only be paid (and share repurchases and redemptions must generally be funded) out of “distributable"distributable reserves." The creation of distributable reserves was accomplished by way of a capital reduction, which the Irish High Court approved on December 18, 2014 and as acquired in conjunction with the Tyco Merger.

Share Repurchase Program

Following the Tyco Merger, the Company adopted, subject to the ongoing existence of sufficient distributable reserves, the existing Tyco International plc $1 billion share repurchase program in September 2016. In December 2017, the Company's Board of Directors approved a $1 billion increase to its share repurchase authorization. The share repurchase program does not have an expiration date and may be amended or terminated by the Board of Directors at any time without prior notice. During fiscal year 2018, the Company repurchased approximately $300 million of its shares. As of September 30, 2018, approximately $1.0 billion remains available under the share repurchase program. In November 2018, the Company's Board of Directors approved a $1 billion increase to its share repurchase authorization. During fiscal year 2017, the Company repurchased approximately $651 million of its shares. There were no shares repurchased between the closing of the Merger and September 30, 2016. Prior to the Merger, during fiscal year 2016, the Company repurchased approximately $501 million of its shares under JCI Inc.'s $3.65 billion share repurchase program during fiscal year 2016. During fiscal years 2015 and 2014, the Company repurchased approximately $1.4 billion and $1.2 billion of its common stock, respectively.program.



Other comprehensive income includes activity relating to discontinued operations. The following schedules present changes in consolidated equity attributable to Johnson Controls and noncontrolling interests (in millions, net of tax):
Equity Attributable to Johnson Controls
International plc
 Equity Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests Total Equity
Equity Attributable to Johnson Controls
International plc
 Equity Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests Total Equity
At September 30, 2013$12,273
 $260
 $12,533
Total comprehensive income:     
Net income1,215
 90
 1,305
Foreign currency translation adjustments(640) (2) (642)
Realized and unrealized losses on derivatives(3) 
 (3)
Realized and unrealized losses on marketable common stock(7) 
 (7)
Pension and postretirement plans(5) 
 (5)
Other comprehensive loss(655) (2) (657)
Comprehensive income560
 88
 648
Other changes in equity:     
Cash dividends - common stock ($0.88 per share)(586) 
 (586)
Dividends attributable to noncontrolling interests
 (59) (59)
Repurchases of common stock(1,249) 
 (1,249)
Change in noncontrolling interest share
 (32) (32)
Other, including options exercised272
 (6) 266
At September 30, 201411,270
 251
 11,521
Total comprehensive income:     
Net income1,563
 65
 1,628
Foreign currency translation adjustments(799) (3) (802)
Realized and unrealized losses on derivatives(11) 
 (11)
Pension and postretirement plans(10) 
 (10)
Other comprehensive loss(820) (3) (823)
Comprehensive income743
 62
 805
Other changes in equity:     
Cash dividends - common stock ($1.04 per share)(681) 
 (681)
Dividends attributable to noncontrolling interests
 (57) (57)
Repurchases of common stock(1,362) 
 (1,362)
Change in noncontrolling interest share
 (93) (93)
Other, including options exercised365
 
 365
At September 30, 201510,335
 163
 10,498
$10,335
 $163
 $10,498
Total comprehensive income (loss):          
Net income (loss)(868) 168
 (700)(868) 168
 (700)
Foreign currency translation adjustments(105) 9
 (96)(105) 9
 (96)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives11
 (1) 10
11
 (1) 10
Unrealized losses on marketable common stock(1) 
 (1)
Unrealized losses on marketable securities(1) 
 (1)
Pension and postretirement plans(1) 
 (1)(1) 
 (1)
Other comprehensive income (loss)(96) 8
 (88)(96) 8
 (88)
Comprehensive income (loss)(964) 176
 (788)(964) 176
 (788)
Other changes in equity:          
Result of contribution of Johnson Controls, Inc. to
Johnson Controls International plc
15,808
 
 15,808
15,808
 
 15,808
Cash dividends - common stock ($1.16 per share)(752) 
 (752)(752) 
 (752)
Dividends attributable to noncontrolling interests
 (93) (93)
 (93) (93)
Repurchases of common stock(501) 
 (501)(501) 
 (501)
Change in noncontrolling interest share
 726
 726

 726
 726
Other, including options exercised192
 
 192
192
 
 192
At September 30, 2016$24,118
 $972
 $25,090
24,118
 972
 25,090
Total comprehensive income (loss):     
Net income1,611
 164
 1,775
Foreign currency translation adjustments108
 (18) 90
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives(14) 1
 (13)
Realized and unrealized gains on marketable securities5
 
 5
Other comprehensive income (loss)99
 (17) 82
Comprehensive income1,710
 147
 1,857
Other changes in equity:     
Cash dividends - ordinary shares ($1.00 per share)(938) 
 (938)
Dividends attributable to noncontrolling interests
 (56) (56)
Repurchases of ordinary shares(651) 
 (651)
Change in noncontrolling interest share
 (5) (5)
Spin-off of Adient(4,038) (138) (4,176)
Other, including options exercised246
 
 246
At September 30, 201720,447
 920
 21,367
Total comprehensive income (loss):     
Net income2,162
 186
 2,348
Foreign currency translation adjustments(458) (22) (480)
Realized and unrealized losses on derivatives(19) (1) (20)
Realized and unrealized gains on marketable securities4
 
 4
Other comprehensive loss(473) (23) (496)
Comprehensive income1,689
 163
 1,852
Other changes in equity:     
Cash dividends - ordinary shares ($1.04 per share)(968) 
 (968)
Dividends attributable to noncontrolling interests
 (43) (43)
Repurchases of ordinary shares(300) 
 (300)
Change in noncontrolling interest share
 23
 23
Adoption of ASU 2016-09179
 
 179
Reclassification from redeemable noncontrolling interest
 231
 231
Other, including options exercised117
 
 117
At September 30, 2018$21,164
 $1,294
 $22,458



As previously disclosed, during the quarter ended December 31, 2017, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-09. As a result, the Company recognized deferred tax assets of $179 million related to certain operating loss carryforwards resulting from the exercise of employee stock options and restricted stock vestings on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of October 1, 2017.

On October 31, 2016, the Company completed the Adient spin-off. As a result of the spin-off, the Company divested net assets of approximately $4.0 billion.

The equity attributable to Johnson Controls International plc increased by $15.8 billion as a result of the Tyco Merger.Merger in fiscal 2016. The increase is primarily due to an increase to equity of $19.7 billion resulting from the total fair value of consideration transferred, partially offset by a decrease of $3.9 billion resulting from cash contributed by Tyco used to purchase shares of Johnson Controls, Inc.

As previously disclosed, onOn October 1, 2015, the Company formed a joint venture with Hitachi. In connection with the acquisition, the Company recorded equity attributable to noncontrolling interests of $691$679 million. Also, in connection with the Tyco merger,Merger, the Company recorded equity attributable to noncontrolling interests of $34 million.

The Company consolidates certain subsidiaries in which the noncontrolling interest party has within their control the right to require the Company to redeem all or a portion of its interest in the subsidiary. The redeemable noncontrolling interests are reported at their estimated redemption value. Any adjustment to the redemption value impacts retained earnings but does not impact net income. Redeemable noncontrolling interests which are redeemable only upon future events, the occurrence of which is not currently probable, are recorded at carrying value. As of September 30, 2018, the Company does not have any subsidiaries for which the noncontrolling interest party has within their control the right to require the Company to redeem any portion of its interests.

The following schedules present changes in the redeemable noncontrolling interests (in millions):
Year Ended September 30, 2016 Year Ended September 30, 2015 Year Ended September 30, 2014Year Ended September 30, 2018 Year Ended September 30, 2017 Year Ended September 30, 2016
Beginning balance, September 30$212
 $194
 $157
$211
 $234
 $212
Net income48
 51
 38
35
 44
 48
Foreign currency translation adjustments2
 (23) 
(3) 13
 2
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives(1) 1
 
Realized and unrealized losses on derivatives(9) (1) (1)
Dividends(27) (11) (7)(3) (43) (27)
Other
 
 6
Reclassification to noncontrolling interest(231) 
 
Spin-off of Adient
 (36) 
Ending balance, September 30$234
 $212
 $194
$
 $211
 $234



The following schedules present changes in AOCI attributable to Johnson Controls (in millions, net of tax):
Year Ended September 30, 2016 Year Ended September 30, 2015 Year Ended September 30, 2014Year Ended September 30, 2018 Year Ended September 30, 2017 Year Ended September 30, 2016
          
Foreign currency translation adjustments          
Balance at beginning of period$(1,047) $(248) $392
$(481) $(1,152) $(1,047)
Aggregate adjustment for the period (net of tax effect of $(43), $(44) and $7) *(105) (799) (640)
Aggregate adjustment for the period (net of tax effect of $(3), $1 and $(43)) *(458) 108
 (105)
Adient spin-off impact (net of tax effect of $0)
 563
 
Balance at end of period(1,152) (1,047) (248)(939) (481) (1,152)
          
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives          
Balance at beginning of period(7) 4
 7
6
 4
 (7)
Current period changes in fair value (net of tax effect of $(5), $(7) and $(3))(10) (17) (3)
Reclassification to income (net of tax effect of $11, $3 and $0) **21
 6
 
Current period changes in fair value (net of tax effect of $(4), $4 and $(5))(8) 9
 (10)
Reclassification to income (net of tax effect of $(5), $(10) and $11) **(11) (23) 21
Adient spin-off impact (net of tax effect of $0, $6, and $0)
 16
 
Balance at end of period4
 (7) 4
(13) 6
 4
          
Realize and unrealized gains (losses) on marketable common stock     
Realize and unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities     
Balance at beginning of period
 
 7
4
 (1) 
Current period changes in fair value (net of tax effect of $0)(1) 
 (1)
Reclassifications to income (net of tax effect of $0, $0 and $(2)) ***
 
 (6)
Current period changes in fair value (net of tax effect of $1, $1 and $0)5
 5
 (1)
Reclassification to income (net of tax effect of $(1), $0 and $0) ***(1) 
 
Balance at end of period(1) 
 
8
 4
 (1)
          
Pension and postretirement plans          
Balance at beginning of period(3) 7
 12
(2) (4) (3)
Reclassification to income (net of tax effect of $0, $(3) and $(3)) ****(1) (11) (4)
Other changes (net of tax effect of $0)
 1
 (1)
Reclassification to income (net of tax effect of $0) ****
 
 (1)
Adient spin-off impact (net of tax effect of $0)
 2
 
Balance at end of period(4) (3) 7
(2) (2) (4)
          
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, end of period$(1,153) $(1,057) $(237)$(946) $(473) $(1,153)

* During fiscal 2015, ($19)2018, $12 million of cumulative CTA werewas recognized as part of the divestiture-related gain recognized within discontinued operations as a resultpart of the divestiture of GWS. During fiscal 2014, $203 million of cumulative CTA were recognized as part of the divestiture-related losses recognized within discontinued operations as a result of the divestiture of the Automotive Experience Electronics business.

Scott Safety.

** Refer to Note 10, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosure of the line items on the consolidated statements of income affected by reclassifications from AOCI into income related to derivatives.

*** During fiscal 2014,2018, the Company sold certain marketable common stock for approximately $25$3 million. As asa result, the Company recorded $8$2 million of realized gains within selling, general and administrative expenses in the Automotive Experience Seating segment.expenses.

**** Refer to Note 15, "Retirement Plans," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosure of the components of the Company's net periodic benefit costs associated with its defined benefit pension and postretirement plans. For the year ended September 30, 2016 the amounts reclassified from AOCI into income for pension and postretirement plans were primarily recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of income. For the year ended September 30, 2015 the amounts reclassified from AOCI into income for pension and postretirement plans were primarily recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses and income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax on the consolidated statements of income. For the year ended September 30, 2014, the amounts reclassified from AOCI into income for pension and postretirement plans were primarily recorded in cost of sales and income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax on the consolidated statements of income.

15.     RETIREMENT PLANS

Pension Benefits

The Company has non-contributory defined benefit pension plans covering certain U.S. and non-U.S. employees. The benefits provided are primarily based on years of service and average compensation or a monthly retirement benefit amount. Effective January 1, 2006, certainCertain of the Company’s U.S. pension plans werehave been amended to prohibit new participants from entering the plans. Effective September 30, 2009, active participants continued toplans and no longer accrue benefits under the amended plans until December 31, 2014.benefits. Funding for U.S. pension plans equals or exceeds the minimum requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. Funding for non-U.S. plans observes the local legal and regulatory limits. Also, the Company makes contributions to union-trusteed pension funds for construction and service personnel.


For pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations (ABO)("ABO") that exceed plan assets, the projected benefit obligation (PBO)("PBO"), ABO and fair value of plan assets of those plans were $7,124$5,166 million, $6,966$5,072 million and $5,234$4,525 million, respectively, as of September 30, 20162018 and $3,636$5,564 million, $3,581$5,465 million and $2,939$4,715 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2015.2017.

In fiscal 2016,2018, total employer contributions to the defined benefit pension plans were $136$53 million, of which $34$18 million were voluntary contributions made by the Company. The Company expects to contribute approximately $326$85 million in cash to its defined benefit pension plans in fiscal 2017including $247 million due to change-in-control provisions triggered by the Tyco merger.2019. Projected benefit payments from the plans as of September 30, 20162018 are estimated as follows (in millions):

2017$569
2018321
2019332
$317
2020337
304
2021344
304
2022-20261,879
2022312
2023316
2024-20281,628

Postretirement Benefits

The Company provides certain health care and life insurance benefits for eligible retirees and their dependents primarily in the U.S., Canada and Brazil.Canada. Most non-U.S. employees are covered by government sponsored programs, and the cost to the Company is not significant.

Eligibility for coverage is based on meeting certain years of service and retirement age qualifications. These benefits may be subject to deductibles, co-payment provisions and other limitations, and the Company has reserved the right to modify these benefits. Effective January 31, 1994, the Company modified certain U.S. salaried plans to place a limit on the Company’s cost of future annual retiree medical benefits at no more than 150% of the 1993 cost.

The health care cost trend assumption does not have a significant effect on the amounts reported.


In fiscal 2016,2018, total employer and employee contributions to the postretirement plans were $7$4 million. The Company expects to contribute approximately $4$15 million in cash to its postretirement plans in fiscal 2017.2019. Projected benefit payments from the plans as of September 30, 20162018 are estimated as follows (in millions):

2017$21
201821
201921
$19
202021
19
202120
19
2022-202686
202218
202318
2024-202874

In December 2003, the U.S. Congress enacted the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 (Act)("Act") for employers sponsoring postretirement care plans that provide prescription drug benefits. The Act introduces a prescription drug benefit under Medicare as well as a federal subsidy to sponsors of retiree health care benefit plans providing a benefit that is at least actuarially equivalent to Medicare Part D.1. Under the Act, the Medicare subsidy amount is received directly by the plan sponsor and not the related plan. Further, the plan sponsor is not required to use the subsidy amount to fund postretirement benefits and may use the subsidy for any valid business purpose. Projected subsidy receipts are estimated to be approximately $2 million per year over the next ten years.

Savings and InvestmentDefined Contribution Plans

The Company sponsors various defined contribution savings plans that allow employees to contribute a portion of their pre-tax and/or after-tax income in accordance with plan specified guidelines. Under specified conditions, the Company will contribute to certain savings plans based on predetermined percentages of compensation earned by the employees’ eligible payemployee and/or will match a percentage of the employee contributions up to certain limits. MatchingDefined contribution plan contributions charged to expense for continuing and discontinued operations amounted to $128$205 million, $123$190 million and $132$179 million for the fiscal years ended 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 2014,2016, respectively.

Multiemployer Benefit Plans

The Company contributes to multiemployer benefit plans based on obligations arising from collective bargaining agreements related to certain of its hourly employees in the U.S. These plans provide retirement benefits to participants based on their service to contributing employers. The benefits are paid from assets held in trust for that purpose. The trustees typically are responsible for determining the level of benefits to be provided to participants as well as for such matters as the investment of the assets and the administration of the plans.

The risks of participating in these multiemployer benefit plans are different from single-employer benefit plans in the following aspects:

Assets contributed to the multiemployer benefit plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers.

If a participating employer stops contributing to the multiemployer benefit plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers.

If the Company stops participating in some of its multiemployer benefit plans, the Company may be required to pay those plans an amount based on its allocable share of the underfunded status of the plan, referred to as a withdrawal liability.

The Company participates in approximately 284290 multiemployer benefit plans, primarily related to its BuildingsBuilding Technologies & Solutions business in the U.S., none of which are individually significant to the Company. The number of employees covered by the Company’s multiemployer benefit plans has remained consistent over the past three years, and there have been no significant changes that affect the comparability of fiscal 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 20142016 contributions. The Company recognizes expense for the contractually-required contribution for each period. The Company contributed $46$68 million, $45$67 million and $44$46 million to multiemployer benefit plans in fiscal 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 2014,2016, respectively.

Based on the most recent information available, the Company believes that the present value of actuarial accrued liabilities in certain of these multiemployer benefit plans may exceed the value of the assets held in trust to pay benefits. Currently, the Company is not aware of any significant multiemployer benefits plans for which it is probable or reasonably possible that the Company will be obligated to make up any shortfall in funds. Moreover, if the Company were to exit certain markets or otherwise cease making

contributions to these funds, the Company could trigger a withdrawal liability. Currently, the Company is not aware of any significant multiemployer benefit plans for which it is probable or reasonably possible that the Company will withdraw from the plan.have a significant withdrawal liability. Any accrual for a shortfall or withdrawal liability will be recorded when it is probable that a liability exists and it can be reasonably estimated.

Plan Assets

The Company’s investment policies employ an approach whereby a mix of equities, fixed income and alternative investments are used to maximize the long-term return of plan assets for a prudent level of risk. The investment portfolio primarily contains a diversified blend of equity and fixed income investments. Equity investments are diversified across U.S. and non-U.S. stocks, as well as growth, value and small to large capitalizations. Fixed income investments include corporate and government issues, with short-, mid- and long-term maturities, with a focus on investment grade when purchased and a target duration close to that of the plan liability. Investment and market risks are measured and monitored on an ongoing basis through regular investment portfolio reviews, annual liability measurements and periodic asset/liability studies. The majority of the real estate component of the portfolio is invested in a diversified portfolio of high-quality, operating properties with cash yields greater than the targeted appreciation. Investments in other alternative asset classes, including hedge funds and commodities, diversify the expected investment returns relative to the equity and fixed income investments. As a result of ourthe Company's diversification strategies, there are no significant concentrations of risk within the portfolio of investments.

The Company’s actual asset allocations are in line with target allocations. The Company rebalances asset allocations as appropriate, in order to stay within a range of allocation for each asset category.

The expected return on plan assets is based on the Company’s expectation of the long-term average rate of return of the capital markets in which the plans invest. The average market returns are adjusted, where appropriate, for active asset management returns. The expected return reflects the investment policy target asset mix and considers the historical returns earned for each asset category.


The Company’s plan assets at September 30, 20162018 and 2015,2017, by asset category, are as follows (in millions):
Fair Value Measurements Using:Fair Value Measurements Using:
Asset Category
Total as of
September 30, 2016
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total as of
September 30, 2018
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
              
U.S. Pension              
              
Cash$38
 $38
 $
 $
Cash and Cash Equivalents$23
 $2
 $21
 $
              
Equity Securities              
Large-Cap692
 499
 193
 
430
 309
 121
 
Small-Cap267
 252
 15
 
282
 282
 
 
International - Developed655
 566
 89
 
411
 365
 46
 
International - Emerging94
 80
 14
 
              
Fixed Income Securities              
Government345
 280
 65
 
333
 307
 26
 
Corporate/Other950
 633
 317
 
1,183
 1,119
 64
 
              
Real Estate346
 
 
 346
Total Investments in the Fair Value Hierarchy2,756
 $2,464
 $292
 $
              
Total$3,293
 $2,268
 $679
 $346
Investments Measured at Net Asset Value, as Practical Expedient:       
Real Estate Investments Measured at Net Asset Value*290
      
       
Total Plan Assets$3,046
      
              
Non-U.S. Pension              
              
Cash$90
 $90
 $
 $
Cash and Cash Equivalents$44
 $43
 $1
 $
              
Equity Securities              
Large-Cap317
 152
 165
 
235
 24
 211
 
International - Developed453
 160
 293
 
319
 59
 260
 
International - Emerging19
 19
 
 
15
 1
 14
 
              
Fixed Income Securities              
Government864
 452
 412
 
830
 80
 750
 
Corporate/Other561
 385
 176
 
545
 301
 244
 
              
Hedge Fund169
 
 169
 
82
 
 82
 
              
Real Estate63
 11
 
 52
26
 26
 
 
              
Total$2,536
 $1,269
 $1,215
 $52
Total Investments in the Fair Value Hierarchy2,096
 $534
 $1,562
 $
       
Investments Measured at Net Asset Value, as Practical Expedient:       
Real Estate Investments Measured at Net Asset Value*21
      
       
Total Plan Assets$2,117
      
              
Postretirement              
              
Cash$7
 $7
 $
 $
Cash and Cash Equivalents$13
 $13
 $
 $
              
Equity Securities              
Large-Cap31
 31
 
 
26
 
 26
 
Small-Cap10
 10
 
 
8
 
 8
 
International - Developed23
 23
 
 
20
 
 20
 
International - Emerging12
 12
 
 
9
 
 9
 
              
Fixed Income Securities              
Government23
 23
 
 
20
 
 20
 
Corporate/Other65
 65
 
 
55
 
 55
 
              
Commodities12
 12
 
 
14
 
 14
 
              
Real Estate13
 13
 
 
9
 
 9
 
              
Total$196
 $196
 $
 $
Total Plan Assets$174
 $13
 $161
 $

Fair Value Measurements Using:Fair Value Measurements Using:
Asset Category
Total as of
September 30, 2015
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total as of
September 30, 2017
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
              
U.S. Pension              
              
Cash$75
 $75
 $
 $
Cash and Cash Equivalents$70
 $2
 $68
 $
              
Equity Securities              
Large-Cap500
 500
 
 
652
 375
 277
 
Small-Cap235
 235
 
 
281
 281
 
 
International - Developed472
 472
 
 
649
 569
 80
 
International - Emerging51
 24
 27
 
              
Fixed Income Securities              
Government248
 217
 31
 
270
 243
 27
 
Corporate/Other753
 615
 138
 
917
 851
 66
 
              
Real Estate323
 
 
 323
Total Investments in the Fair Value Hierarchy2,890
 $2,345
 $545
 $
              
Total$2,606
 $2,114
 $169
 $323
Investments Measured at Net Asset Value, as Practical Expedient:

      
Real Estate Investments Measured at Net Asset Value*275
      
       
Total Plan Assets$3,165
      
              
Non-U.S. Pension              
              
Cash$98
 $98
 $
 $
Cash and Cash Equivalents$55
 $45
 $10
 $
              
Equity Securities              
Large-Cap68
 68
 
 
242
 18
 224
 
Mid-Cap2
 2
 
 
International - Developed104
 104
 
 
517
 58
 459
 
International - Emerging16
 16
 
 
13
 
 13
 
              
Fixed Income Securities              
Government441
 319
 122
 
618
 74
 544
 
Corporate/Other220
 192
 28
 
569
 292
 277
 
              
Hedge Fund172
 
 172
 
112
 
 112
 
              
Real Estate58
 7
 
 51
24
 24
 
 
              
Total$1,177
 $804
 $322
 $51
Total Investments in the Fair Value Hierarchy2,152
 $513
 $1,639
 $
       
Investments Measured at Net Asset Value, as Practical Expedient:       
Real Estate Investments Measured at Net Asset Value*29
      
       
Total Plan Assets$2,181
      
              
Postretirement              
              
Cash$10
 $10
 $
 $
Cash and Cash Equivalents$3
 $
 $3
 $
              
Equity Securities              
Large-Cap30
 30
 
 
28
 
 28
 
Small-Cap10
 10
 
 
9
 
 9
 
International - Developed22
 22
 
 
21
 
 21
 
International - Emerging10
 10
 
 
11
 
 11
 
              
Fixed Income Securities              
Government22
 22
 
 
21
 
 21
 
Corporate/Other67
 67
 
 
59
 
 59
 
              
Commodities12
 12
 
 
15
 
 15
 
              
Real Estate11
 11
 
 
10
 
 10
 
              
Total$194
 $194
 $
 $
Total Plan Assets$177
 $
 $177
 $


* The fair value of certain investments in real estate do not have a readily determinable fair value and requires the fund managers to independently arrive at fair value by calculating net asset value ("NAV") per share. In order to calculate NAV per share, the fund managers value the real estate investments using any one, or a combination of, the following methods: independent third party appraisals, discounted cash flow analysis of net cash flows projected to be generated by the investment and recent sales of comparable investments. Assumptions used to revalue the properties are updated every quarter. Due to the fact that the fund managers calculate NAV per share, the Company utilizes a practical expedient for measuring the fair value of its real-estate investments, as provided for under ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement." In applying the practical expedient, the Company is not required to further adjust the NAV provided by the fund manager in order to determine the fair value of its investment as the NAV per share is calculated in a manner consistent with the measurement principles of ASC 946, "Financial Services - Investment Companies," and as of the Company's measurement date. The Company believes this is an appropriate methodology to obtain the fair value of these assets. For the component of the real estate portfolio under development, the investments are carried at cost until they are completed and valued by a third party appraiser. In accordance with ASU No. 2015-07, "Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent)," investments for which fair value is measured using the net asset value per share practical expedient should be disclosed separate from the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of total plan assets to the amounts presented in the notes to consolidated financial statements.

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value. Certain assets are held within commingled funds which are valued at the unitized NAV or percentage of the net asset value as determined by the manager of the fund. These values are based on the fair value of the underlying net assets owned by the fund.

Cash:Cash and Cash Equivalents: The fair value of cash is valued at cost.

Equity Securities: The fair value of equity securities is determined by direct quoted market prices. The underlying holdings are direct quoted market prices on regulated financial exchanges. Certain equity securities are held within commingled funds which are valued at the unitized net asset value ("NAV") or percentage of the net asset value as determined by the custodian of the fund. These values are based on the fair value of the underlying net assets owned by the fund.

Fixed Income Securities: The fair value of fixed income securities is determined by direct or indirect quoted market prices. If indirect quoted market prices are utilized, the value of assets held in separate accounts is not published, but the investment managers report daily the underlying holdings. The underlying holdings are direct quoted market prices on regulated financial exchanges.

Commodities: The fair value of the commodities is determined by quoted market prices of the underlying holdings on regulated financial exchanges.

Hedge Funds: The fair value of hedge funds is accounted for by the custodian. The custodian obtains valuations from underlying managers based on market quotes for the most liquid assets and alternative methods for assets that do not have sufficient trading activity to derive prices. The Company and custodian review the methods used by the underlying managers to value the assets. The Company believes this is an appropriate methodology to obtain the fair value of these assets. 

Real Estate: The fair value of real estate is determined by quoted market prices of the underlying Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) is recorded as Level 1 as these
("REITs"), which are securities are traded on an open exchange. The fair value of other investments in real estate is deemed Level 3 since these investments do not have a readily determinable fair value and requires the fund managers independently to arrive at fair value by calculating NAV per share. In order to calculate NAV per share, the fund managers value the real estate investments using any one, or a combination of, the following methods: independent third party appraisals, discounted cash flow analysis of net cash flows projected to be generated by the investment and recent sales of comparable investments. Assumptions used to revalue the properties are updated every quarter. Due to the fact that the fund managers calculate NAV per share, the Company utilizes a practical expedient for measuring the fair value of its Level 3 real-estate investments, as provided for under ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement." In applying the practical expedient, the Company is not required to further adjust the NAV provided by the fund manager in order to determine the fair value of its investment as the NAV per share is calculated in a manner consistent with the measurement principles of ASC 946, "Financial Services - Investment Companies," and as of the Company's measurement date. The Company believes this is an appropriate methodology to obtain the fair value of these assets. For the component of the real estate portfolio under development, the investments are carried at cost until they are completed and valued by a third party appraiser.

The methods described above may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while the Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

The following sets forth a summaryThere were no Level 3 assets as of changes in the fair value of assets measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (in millions):
 Total Hedge Funds Real Estate
U.S. Pension     
      
Asset value as of September 30, 2014$335
 $4
 $331
      
Additions net of redemptions(59) (3) (56)
Realized gain (loss)28
 (1) 29
Unrealized gain19
 
 19
      
Asset value as of September 30, 2015$323
 $
 $323
      
Additions net of redemptions(6) 
 (6)
Realized gain13
 
 13
Unrealized gain16
 
 16
      
Asset value as of September 30, 2016$346
 $
 $346
      
Non-U.S. Pension     
      
Asset value as of September 30, 2014$20
 $
 $20
      
Additions net of redemptions34
 
 34
Unrealized loss(3) 
 (3)
      
Asset value as of September 30, 2015$51
 $
 $51
      
Unrealized gain1
 
 1
      
Asset value as of September 30, 2016$52
 $
 $52
September 30, 2018 or 2017 or any Level 3 asset activity during fiscal 2018 or 2017.

Funded Status

The table that follows contains the ABO and reconciliations of the changes in the PBO, the changes in plan assets and the funded status (in millions):
 Pension Benefits 
Postretirement
Benefits
 U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans 
September 30,2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015
            
Accumulated Benefit Obligation$4,118
 $2,985
 $3,359
 $1,388
 $
 $
            
Change in Projected Benefit Obligation           
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year3,022
 2,875
 1,447
 1,572
 211
 224
Service cost16
 31
 30
 25
 2
 3
Interest cost104
 122
 44
 46
 6
 9
Plan participant contributions
 
 1
 1
 6
 6
Benefit obligations assumed in Tyco acquisition974
 
 1,635
 
 30
 
Other acquisitions
 
 279
 
 2
 
Divestitures
 
 
 (18) 
 
Actuarial loss355
 203
 295
 7
 5
 
Benefits and settlements paid(301) (209) (116) (65) (22) (24)
Estimated subsidy received
 
 
 
 1
 1
Curtailment
 
 
 (5) 
 
Other(1) 
 (1) 43
 1
 (4)
Currency translation adjustment
 
 (92) (159) 
 (4)
            
Projected benefit obligation at end of year$4,169
 $3,022
 $3,522
 $1,447
 $242
 $211
            
Change in Plan Assets           
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year$2,606
 $2,504
 $1,177
 $1,201
 $194
 $219
Actual return on plan assets267
 (4) 113
 48
 17
 (9)
Plan assets acquired in Tyco acquisition705
 
 1,149
 
 
 
Other acquisitions
 
 180
 
 
 
Divestitures
 
 
 (10) 
 
Employer and employee contributions16
 315
 121
 81
 7
 8
Benefits paid(124) (201) (59) (55) (22) (24)
Settlement payments(177) (8) (57) (10) 
 
Other
 
 
 39
 
 
Currency translation adjustment
 
 (88) (117) 
 
            
Fair value of plan assets at end of year$3,293
 $2,606
 $2,536
 $1,177
 $196
 $194
            
Funded status$(876) $(416) $(986) $(270) $(46) $(17)
            
Amounts recognized in the statement of financial position consist of:
Prepaid benefit cost$22
 $17
 $32
 $30
 $53
 $37
Accrued benefit liability(898) (433) (1,018) (300) (99) (54)
            
Net amount recognized$(876) $(416) $(986) $(270) $(46) $(17)
            
Weighted Average Assumptions (1)           
Discount rate (2)3.70% 4.40% 1.90% 3.15% 3.30% 3.75%
Rate of compensation increase3.20% 3.25% 2.75% 3.00% NA
 NA





 Pension Benefits 
Postretirement
Benefits
 U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans 
September 30,2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
            
Accumulated Benefit Obligation$3,154
 $3,382
 $2,444
 $2,618
 $
 $
            
Change in Projected Benefit Obligation           
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year3,419
 4,169
 2,721
 3,522
 214
 242
Service cost15
 18
 23
 32
 2
 2
Interest cost105
 113
 57
 48
 7
 6
Plan participant contributions
 
 2
 3
 6
 4
Adient spin-off impact
 (18) 
 (619) 
 (17)
Actuarial (gain) loss(70) (131) (67) (194) 1
 (1)
Amendments made during the year
 
 
 
 (8) 
Benefits and settlements paid(278) (732) (130) (116) (24) (25)
Estimated subsidy received
 
 
 
 1
 2
Curtailment
 
 (2) (19) 
 
Other
 
 (4) (2) (1) 
Currency translation adjustment
 
 (58) 66
 (2) 1
            
Projected benefit obligation at end of year$3,191
 $3,419
 $2,542
 $2,721
 $196
 $214
            
Change in Plan Assets           
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year$3,165
 $3,293
 $2,181
 $2,536
 $177
 $196
Actual return on plan assets152
 334
 69
 94
 6
 14
Adient spin-off impact
 (16) 
 (440) 
 (13)
Employer and employee contributions7
 286
 48
 59
 15
 5
Benefits paid(153) (394) (88) (86) (24) (25)
Settlement payments(125) (338) (42) (30) 
 
Other
 
 (2) (2) 
 
Currency translation adjustment
 
 (49) 50
 
 
            
Fair value of plan assets at end of year$3,046
 $3,165
 $2,117
 $2,181
 $174
 $177
            
Funded status$(145) $(254) $(425) $(540) $(22) $(37)
            
Amounts recognized in the statement of financial position consist of:
Prepaid benefit cost$63
 $46
 $26
 $27
 $61
 $64
Accrued benefit liability(208) (300) (451) (567) (83) (101)
            
Net amount recognized$(145) $(254) $(425) $(540) $(22) $(37)
            
Weighted Average Assumptions (1)           
Discount rate (2)4.10% 3.80% 2.45% 2.40% 3.80% 3.70%
Rate of compensation increase3.50% 3.20% 2.95% 2.90% NA
 NA

(1)Plan assets and obligations are determined based on a September 30 measurement date at September 30, 20162018 and 2015.2017.

(2)The Company considers the expected benefit payments on a plan-by-plan basis when setting assumed discount rates. As a result, the Company uses different discount rates for each plan depending on the plan jurisdiction, the demographics of participants and the expected timing of benefit payments. For the U.S. pension and postretirement plans, the Company uses a discount rate provided by an independent third party calculated based on an appropriate mix of high quality bonds. For the non-U.S. pension and postretirement plans, the Company consistently uses the relevant country specific benchmark indices for determining the various discount rates.

At September 30, 2015,indices for determining the Company changed the method used to estimate the service and interest components of net periodic benefit cost for pension and other postretirement benefits for plans that utilize a yield curve approach. This change compared to the previous method results in different service and interest components of net periodic benefit cost (credit). Historically, the Company estimated these service and interest cost components utilizing a single weighted-averagevarious discount rate derived from the yield curve used to measure the benefit obligation at the beginning of the period.rates. The Company has elected to utilize a full yield curve approach in the estimation of theseservice and interest components by applyingof net periodic benefit cost (credit) for pension and other postretirement for plans that utilize a yield curve approach. The full yield curve approach applies the specific spot rates along the yield curve used in the determination of the benefit obligation to the relevant projected cash flows. The Company made this change to provide a more precise measurement of service and interest costs by improving the correlation between projected benefit cash flows to the corresponding spot yield curve rates. This change does not affect the measurement of the total benefit obligations or annual net periodic benefit cost (credit) as the change in the service and interest costs is completely offset in the net actuarial (gain) loss reported. The change in the service and interest costs was not significant. The Company accounted for this change as a change in accounting estimate.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The amounts in AOCI on the consolidated statements of financial position, exclusive of tax impacts, that have not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost at September 30, 20162018 and 2017 related to pension and postretirement benefits are as follows (in millions):
 
Pension
Benefits
 
Postretirement 
Benefits
Accumulated other comprehensive loss   
Net transition asset$1
 $
Net prior service cost4
 
Total$5
 $
not significant.

The amounts in AOCI expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) over the next fiscal yearrelated to pension and postretirement benefits are shown below (in millions):
 
Pension
Benefits
 
Postretirement 
Benefits
Amortization of:   
Net transition obligation$
 $
Net prior service cost1
 
Total$1
 $

not significant.

Net Periodic Benefit Cost

The table that follows contains the components of net periodic benefit cost (in millions):
Pension Benefits Postretirement BenefitsPension Benefits Postretirement Benefits
U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans 
Year ended September 30,2016 2015 2014 2016 2015 2014 2016 2015 20142018 2017 2016 2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 2016
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit):                                  
Service cost$16
 $31
 $70
 $30
 $32
 $38
 $2
 $3
 $5
$15
 $18
 $16
 $23
 $32
 $30
 $2
 $2
 $2
Interest cost104
 122
 138
 44
 57
 71
 6
 9
 12
105
 113
 104
 57
 48
 44
 7
 6
 6
Expected return on plan assets(191) (181) (207) (61) (71) (75) (10) (12) (12)(229) (229) (191) (114) (92) (61) (10) (10) (10)
Net actuarial (gain) loss268
 387
 126
 237
 14
 172
 (2) 21
 (24)7
 (220) 268
 (22) (195) 237
 5
 (5) (2)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)
 
 1
 1
 (1) (1) (1) (1) (7)
 
 
 
 
 1
 
 
 (1)
Curtailment gain
 
 
 
 (15) (2) 
 
 

 
 
 (2) (19) 
 
 
 
Settlement loss11
 1
 15
 6
 
 1
 
 
 
Settlement (gain) loss
 (16) 11
 
 (1) 6
 
 
 
                                  
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)208

360

143

257

16

204

(5)
20

(26)(102)
(334)
208

(58)
(227)
257

4

(7)
(5)
Net periodic benefit (cost) credit related to discontinued operations
 
 
 
 14
 (38) 
 
 

 
 (1) 
 
 (111) 
 
 (1)
                                  
Net periodic benefit cost (credit) included in continuing operations$208
 $360
 $143
 $257
 $30
 $166
 $(5) $20
 $(26)$(102) $(334) $207
 $(58) $(227) $146
 $4
 $(7) $(6)
                                  
Expense Assumptions:                                  
Discount rate4.40% 4.35% 4.90% 3.10% 3.00% 3.60% 3.75% 4.35% 4.90%3.80% 3.70% 4.40% 2.40% 1.90% 3.10% 3.70% 3.30% 3.75%
Expected return on plan assets7.50% 7.50% 8.00% 4.50% 4.50% 4.75% 5.45% 5.75% 5.80%7.50% 7.50% 7.50% 5.35% 4.60% 4.50% 5.65% 5.60% 5.45%
Rate of compensation increase3.25% 3.25% 3.30% 3.30% 2.60% 2.60% NA
 NA
 NA
3.20% 3.20% 3.25% 2.90% 2.65% 3.30% NA
 NA
 NA


16.    SIGNIFICANT RESTRUCTURING AND IMPAIRMENT COSTS

To better align its resources with its growth strategies and reduce the cost structure of its global operations to address the softness in certain underlying markets, the Company commits to restructuring plans as necessary.

In fiscal 2016,2018, the Company committed to a significant restructuring plan (2016(2018 Plan) and recorded $620$263 million of restructuring and impairment costs in the consolidated statements of income, of which $229 millionincome. This was recorded in the second quarter, $102 million was recorded in the third quarter and $289 million was recorded in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016. This is the total amount incurred to date and the total amount expected to be incurred for this restructuring plan. The restructuring actions related to cost reduction initiatives in the Company’s Automotive Experience, BuildingsBuilding Technologies & Solutions and Power Solutions businesses and at Corporate. The costs consist primarily of workforce reductions, plant closures and asset impairments, change-in-control payments and immaterial changes in estimates to prior year plans.impairments. Of the restructuring and impairment costs recorded, $284$113 million related to the Automotive Experience SeatingGlobal Products segment, $115 million related to Corporate, $85 million related to the Buildings Tyco segment, $66 million related to the Power Solutions segment, $26$56 million related to the Building Efficiency AsiaSolutions EMEA/LA segment, $17$50 million related to Corporate, $20 million related to the Automotive Experience InteriorsBuilding Solutions North America segment, $16 million related to the Building Efficiency Rest of WorldSolutions Asia Pacific segment $9and $8 million related to the Building Efficiency Products North America segment, and $2 million related to the Building Efficiency Systems and Service North AmericaPower Solutions segment. The restructuring actions are expected to be substantially complete in fiscal 2018. Included in the reserve is $78 million of committed restructuring actions taken by Tyco for liabilities assumed as part of the Tyco acquisition.

2020.

The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s 20162018 Plan reserve, included within other current liabilities in
the consolidated statements of financial position (in millions):
 Employee Severance and Termination Benefits Long-Lived Asset Impairments Other Currency
Translation
 Total
          
Original Reserve$368
 $190
 $62
 $
 $620
Acquired Tyco restructuring
    reserves
78
 
 
 
 78
Utilized—cash(32) 
 
 
 (32)
Utilized—noncash
 (190) (32) 1
 (221)
Balance at September 30, 2016$414
 $
 $30

$1
 $445
 Employee Severance and Termination Benefits Long-Lived Asset Impairments Other Total
        
Original reserve$209
 $42
 $12
 $263
Utilized—cash(45) 
 (2) (47)
Utilized—noncash
 (42) 
 (42)
Balance at September 30, 2018$164

$

$10

$174

In fiscal 2015,2017, the Company committed to a significant restructuring plan (2015(2017 Plan) and recorded $397$367 million of restructuring and impairment costs in the consolidated statements of income. This is the total amount incurred to date and the total amount expected to be incurred for this restructuring plan. The restructuring actions related to cost reduction initiatives in the Company’s Automotive Experience, Building EfficiencyTechnologies & Solutions and Power Solutions businesses and at Corporate. The costs consist primarily of workforce reductions, plant closures and asset impairments. Of the restructuring and impairment costs recorded, $182 million related to the Automotive Experience Seating segment, $166 million related to Corporate, $13$74 million related to the Building Efficiency Rest of WorldSolutions EMEA/LA segment, $11$59 million related to the Building Solutions North America segment, $32 million related to the Global Products segment, $20 million related to the Power Solutions segment $11and $16 million related to the Building EfficiencySolutions Asia segment, $11 million related to the Building Efficiency Products North America segment, and $3 million related to the Building Efficiency Systems and Service North AmericaPacific segment. The restructuring actions are expected to be substantially complete in 2016.fiscal 2019.

The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s 20152017 Plan reserve, included within other current liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position (in millions):
Employee Severance and Termination Benefits Long-Lived Asset Impairments Other TotalEmployee Severance and Termination Benefits Long-Lived Asset Impairments Other Currency
Translation
 Total
                
Original Reserve$191
 $183
 $23
 $397
$276
 $77
 $14
 $
 $367
Utilized—cash(75) 
 
 
 (75)
Utilized—noncash
 (183) 
 (183)
 (77) (1) 
 (78)
Balance at September 30, 2015$191
 $
 $23
 $214
Adjustment to restructuring reserves25
 
 
 
 25
Balance at September 30, 2017$226
 $
 $13

$
 $239
Utilized—cash(74) 
 (23) (97)(152) 
 (6) 
 (158)
Balance at September 30, 2016$117
 $
 $
 $117
Utilized—noncash
 
 
 (1) (1)
Balance at September 30, 2018$74

$

$7

$(1)
$80


In fiscal 2014,2016, the Company committed to a significant restructuring plan (2014(2016 Plan) and recorded $324$288 million of restructuring and impairment costs in the consolidated statements of income. This is the total amount incurred to date and the total amount expected to be incurred for this restructuring plan. The restructuring actions related primarily to cost reduction initiatives in the Company’s Automotive Experience, Building EfficiencyTechnologies & Solutions and Power Solutions businesses and includedat Corporate. The costs consist primarily of workforce reductions, plant closures, asset impairments and asset and goodwill impairments.change-in-control payments. Of the restructuring and impairment costs recorded, $130$161 million related to the Automotive Experience Interiors segment, $119 million related to the Building Efficiency Rest of World segment, $29 million related to the Automotive Experience Seating segment, $16Corporate, $66 million related to the Power Solutions segment, $12$44 million related to the Global Products segment and $17 million related to the Building Efficiency Systems and Service North America segment, $7 million related to the Building Efficiency Products North America segment, $7 million related to Corporate and $4 million related to the Building Efficiency AsiaSolutions EMEA/LA segment. The restructuring actions are expected to be substantially complete in 2016.fiscal 2019. Included in the reserve is $56 million of committed restructuring actions taken by Tyco for liabilities assumed as part of the Tyco acquisition.

Additionally, the Company recorded $53$332 million of restructuring and impairment costs within discontinued operations related to the Automotive Experience Electronics businessAdient in fiscal 2014.

2016.

The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s 20142016 Plan reserve, included within other current liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position (in millions):
 Employee Severance and Termination Benefits Long-Lived Asset Impairments Goodwill Impairment Other Currency
Translation
 Total
            
Original Reserve$191
 $134
 $47
 $5
 $
 $377
Utilized—cash(8) 
 
 
 
 (8)
Utilized—noncash
 (134) (47) 
 (6) (187)
Balance at September 30, 2014$183
 $
 $
 $5
 $(6) $182
Utilized—cash(65) 
 
 (5) 
 (70)
Utilized—noncash
 
 
 
 (13) (13)
Balance at September 30, 2015$118
 $
 $
 $
 $(19) $99
Utilized—cash(74) 
 
 
 
 (74)
Utilized—noncash
 
 
 
 (2) (2)
Balance at September 30, 2016$44
 $
 $
 $
 $(21) $23

In fiscal 2013, the Company committed to a significant restructuring plan (2013 Plan) and recorded $903 million of restructuring and impairment costs in the consolidated statements of income. This is the total amount incurred to date and the total amount expected to be incurred for this restructuring plan. The restructuring actions related to cost reduction initiatives in the Company’s Automotive Experience, Building Efficiency and Power Solutions businesses and included workforce reductions, plant closures, and asset and goodwill impairments. Of the restructuring and impairment costs recorded, $560 million related to the Automotive Experience Interiors segment, $152 million related to the Automotive Experience Seating segment, $70 million related to the Building Efficiency Rest of World segment, $36 million related to the Power Solutions segment, $35 million related to the Building Efficiency Systems and Service North America segment, $28 million related to the Building Efficiency Products North America segment, $17 million related to Corporate and $5 million related to the Building Efficiency Asia segment. The restructuring actions are expected to be substantially complete in 2016.

Additionally, the Company recorded $82 million of restructuring costs within discontinued operations, of which $54 million related to the GWS business and $28 million related to the Automotive Experience Electronics business in fiscal 2013.


The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s 2013 Plan reserve, included within other current liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position (in millions):
 Employee Severance and Termination Benefits Long-Lived Asset Impairments Goodwill Impairment Other Currency
Translation
 Total
            
Original Reserve$392
 $156
 $430
 $7
 $
 $985
Utilized—cash(26) 
 
 
 
 (26)
Utilized—noncash
 (156) (430) (4) 4
 (586)
Transfer to liabilities held for sale(31) 
 
 
 
 (31)
Balance at September 30, 2013$335
 $
 $
 $3
 $4
 $342
Utilized—cash(144) 
 
 (3) 
 (147)
Utilized—noncash
 
 
 
 (11) (11)
Transfer from liabilities held for sale31
 
 
 
 
 31
Transfer to liabilities held for sale(24) 
 
 
 
 (24)
Balance at September 30, 2014$198
 $
 $
 $
 $(7) $191
Utilized—cash(113) 
 
 
 
 (113)
Utilized—noncash
 
 
 
 (10) (10)
Balance at September 30, 2015$85
 $
 $
 $
 $(17) $68
Utilized—cash(43) 
 
 
 
 (43)
Utilized—noncash
 
 
 
 (1) (1)
Balance at September 30, 2016$42
 $
 $
 $
 $(18) $24

The $31 million of transfers from liabilities held for sale represent restructuring reserves that were included in liabilities held for sale in the consolidated statements of financial position at September 30, 2013, but were excluded from liabilities held for sale at September 30, 2014 based on transaction negotiations. See Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company's assets and liabilities held for sale.
 Employee Severance and Termination Benefits Long-Lived Asset Impairments Other Currency
Translation
 Total
          
Original Reserve$368
 $190
 $62
 $
 $620
Acquired Tyco restructuring
    reserves
78
 
 
 
 78
Utilized—cash(32) 
 
 
 (32)
Utilized—noncash
 (190) (32) 1
 (221)
Balance at September 30, 2016$414
 $
 $30

$1
 $445
Adient spin-off impact(194) 
 (22) 
 (216)
Utilized—cash(86) 
 (2) 
 (88)
Utilized—noncash
 
 
 1
 1
Adjustment to restructuring
   reserves
(25) 
 
 
 (25)
Transfer to liabilities held for sale(3) 
 
 
 (3)
Adjustment to acquired Tyco
   restructuring reserves
(22) 
 
 
 (22)
Balance at September 30, 2017$84
 $
 $6
 $2
 $92
Utilized—cash(17) 
 (2) 
 (19)
Balance at September 30, 2018$67

$

$4

$2

$73

The Company's fiscal 2016, 2015, 20142018, 2017 and 20132016 restructuring plans included workforce reductions of approximately 18,90011,500 employees (11,200(9,100 for the Automotive Experience business, 6,700 for the Buildings business, 900 for the PowerBuilding Technologies & Solutions business, 2,200 for Corporate and 100200 for Corporate)Power Solutions). Restructuring charges associated with employee severance and termination benefits are paid over the severance period granted to each employee or on a lump sum basis in accordance with individual severance agreements. As of September 30, 2016,2018, approximately 11,8004,900 of the employees have been separated from the Company pursuant to the restructuring plans. In addition, the restructuring plans included thirtytwelve plant closures (twenty-two for Automotive Experience and eight for Buildings.in the Building Technologies & Solutions business. As of September 30, 2016, twelve2018, seven of the thirtytwelve plants have been closed.

Refer to Note 17, "Impairment of Long-Lived Assets," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the long-lived asset impairment charges recorded as part of the restructuring actions.

Refer to Note 7, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the goodwill impairment charges recorded.

Company management closely monitors its overall cost structure and continually analyzes each of its businesses for opportunities to consolidate current operations, improve operating efficiencies and locate facilities in low cost countries in close proximity to customers. This ongoing analysis includes a review of its manufacturing, engineering and purchasing operations, as well as the overall global footprint for all its businesses. Because of the importance of new vehicle sales by major automotive manufacturers to operations, the Company is affected by the general business conditions in this industry. Future adverse developments in the automotive industry could impact the Company’s liquidity position, lead to impairment charges and/or require additional restructuring of its operations.

17.    IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS

The Company reviews long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipmenttangible assets and other intangible assets with definitedefinitive lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable.

The Company conducts its long-lived asset impairment analyses in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, "Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.Assets," ASC 350-30, "General Intangibles Other than Goodwill" and ASC 985-20, "Costs of software to be sold, leased, or

marketed." ASC 360-10-15 requires the Company to group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset group is recoverable, an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or appraisals. ASC 350-30 requires intangible assets acquired in a business combination that are used in research and development activities be considered indefinite lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. During the period that those assets are considered indefinite lived, they shall not be amortized but shall be tested for impairment annually and more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. If the carrying amount of an intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an entity shall recognize an impairment loss in an amount equal to that excess. ASC 985-20 requires the unamortized capitalized costs of a computer software product be compared to the net realizable value of that product. The amount by which the unamortized capitalized costs of a computer software product exceed the net realizable value of that asset shall be written off.

In fiscal 2018, the second, thirdCompany concluded it had a triggering event requiring assessment of impairment for certain of its long-lived assets in conjunction with its restructuring actions announced in fiscal 2018. As a result, the Company reviewed the long-lived assets for impairment and fourth quartersrecorded $42 million of asset impairment charges within restructuring and impairment costs in the consolidated statements of income. Of the total impairment charges, $31 million related to the Global Products segment, $6 million related to the Power Solutions segment and $5 million related to Corporate assets. Refer to Note 16, "Significant Restructuring and Impairment Costs," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information. The impairments were measured under a market approach utilizing an appraisal to determine fair values of the impaired assets. This method is consistent with the methods the Company employed in prior periods to value other long-lived assets. The inputs utilized in the analyses are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement."

In fiscal 2016,2017, the Company concluded it had triggering events requiring assessment of impairment for certain of its long-lived assets in conjunction with its restructuring actions announced in fiscal 2016.2017. As a result, the Company reviewed the long-lived assets for impairment and recorded $190$77 million of asset impairment charges within restructuring and impairment costs on the consolidated statements of income, of which $29 million was recorded in the second quarter, $51 million was recorded in the third quarter and $110 million was recorded in the fourth quarter.income. Of the total impairment charges, $64$30 million related to the Building Solutions North America segment, $20 million related to the Global Products segment, $19 million related to Corporate assets, $7 million related to the Power Solutions segment $55 million related to Corporate assets, $55 million related to the Automotive Experience Seating segment, $8 million related to the Building Efficiency Products North America segment, $4 million related to the Building Efficiency Asia segment, $3 million related to the Building Efficiency Rest of World segment and $1 million related to the Automotive Experience InteriorsBuilding Solutions Asia Pacific segment. Refer to Note 16, "Significant Restructuring and Impairment Costs," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information. The impairments were measured, depending on the asset, under either an income approach utilizing forecasted discounted cash flows or a market approach utilizing an appraisal to determine fair values of the impaired assets. These methods are consistent with the methods the Company employed in prior periods to value other long-lived assets. The inputs utilized in the analyses are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement."

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company concluded it had triggering events requiring assessment of impairment for certain of its long-lived assets in conjunction with its announced restructuring actions and the intention to spin-off the Automotive Experience business. As a result, the Company reviewed the long-lived assets for impairment and recorded a $183 million impairment charge within restructuring and impairment costs on the consolidated statements of income. Of the total impairment charge, $139 million related to Corporate assets, $27 million related to the Automotive Experience Seating segment, $16 million related to the Building Efficiency Rest of World segment and $1 million related to the Building Efficiency Systems and Service North America segment. Refer to Note 16, "Significant Restructuring and Impairment Costs," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information. The impairment was measured, depending on the asset, either under an income approach utilizing forecasted discounted cash flows or a market approach utilizing an appraisal to determine fair values of the impaired assets. These methods are consistent with the methods the Company employed in prior periods to value other long-lived assets. The inputs utilized in the analyses are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement."

In the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2014,2016, the Company concluded it had triggering events requiring assessment of impairment for certain of its long-lived assets in conjunction with its restructuring actions announced in fiscal 2014. In addition, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company concluded that it had a triggering event requiring assessment of impairment of long-lived assets held by the Building Efficiency Rest of World - Latin America reporting unit due to the impairment of goodwill in the quarter.2016. As a result, the Company reviewed the long-lived assets for impairment and recorded a $91$103 million of asset impairment chargecharges within restructuring and impairment costs on the consolidated statements of income, of which $45 million was recorded in the third quarter and $46 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014.income. Of the total impairment charge, $45charges, $64 million related to the Automotive Experience InteriorsPower Solutions segment, $34$24 million related to Corporate assets, $8 million related to the Global Products segment, $4 million related to the Building Efficiency Rest of WorldSolutions Asia Pacific segment $7and $3 million related to the Automotive Experience Seating segment and $5 million related to Corporate assets.Building Solutions EMEA/LA segment. In addition, the Company recorded $43$87 million of asset and investment impairments within discontinued operations in the third quarter of fiscal 2014 related to the divestiture of the Automotive Experience Electronics business.Adient in fiscal 2016. Refer to Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," and Note 16, "Significant Restructuring and Impairment Costs," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information. The impairment wasimpairments were measured, depending on the asset, under either under an income approach utilizing forecasted discounted cash flows or a market approach utilizing an appraisal to determine fair values of the impaired assets. These methods are consistent with the methods the Company employed in prior periods to value other long-lived assets. The inputs utilized in the analyses are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement."

At September 30, 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 2014,2016, the Company concluded it did not have any other triggering events requiring assessment of impairment of its long-lived assets. Refer to Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for discussion of the Company’s goodwill impairment testing. Refer toand Note 7, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information regardingdiscussion of the Company’s goodwill impairment charges recorded in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014.testing.



18.    INCOME TAXES

TheFor fiscal 2018 and 2017, the more significant components of the Company’s income tax provision from continuing operations are as follows (in millions):
 Year Ended September 30,
 2016 2015 2014
Tax expense at federal statutory rate$555
 $753
 $671
State income taxes, net of federal benefit3
 (23) 7
Foreign income tax expense at different rates and foreign losses without tax benefits(190) (198) (196)
U.S. tax on foreign income(354) (203) (222)
Reserve and valuation allowance adjustments
 (99) 34
U.S. credits and incentives(20) (12) (9)
Impact of transactions and business divestitures2,149
 354
 71
Restructuring and impairment costs126
 52
 75
Other(31) (24) (24)
Income tax provision$2,238
 $600
 $407
 Year Ended September 30,
 2018 2017
Tax expense at Ireland statutory rate$363
 $320
U.S. state income tax, net of federal benefit24
 23
Income subject to the U.S. federal tax rate16
 (188)
Income subject to rates different than the statutory rate(164) 256
Reserve and valuation allowance adjustments31
 (164)
Impact of acquisitions and divestitures145
 475
U.S. Tax Reform discrete items108
 
Restructuring and impairment costs(5) (17)
Income tax provision$518
 $705

The statutory tax rate in Ireland is being used as a comparison since the Company is domiciled in Ireland. The effective rate is above the statutory rate of 12.5% for fiscal 2018 primarily due to the discrete net impacts of U.S. Tax Reform, final income tax effects of the completed divestiture of the Scott Safety business, legal entity restructuring associated with the Power Solutions business, valuation allowance adjustments and tax rate differentials, partially offset by the benefits of continuing global tax planning initiatives, tax audit closures and tax benefits due to changes in entity tax status. The effective rate is above the statutory rate of 12.5% for fiscal 2017 primarily due to the establishment of a deferred tax liability on the outside basis difference of the Company's investment in certain subsidiaries related to the divestiture of the Scott Safety business, the income tax effects of pension mark-to-market gains and tax rate differentials, partially offset by the jurisdictional mix of significant restructuring and impairment costs, Tyco Merger transaction and integration costs, purchase accounting adjustments, tax audit closures, a tax benefit due to changes in entity tax status and the benefits of continuing global tax planning initiatives.

For fiscal 2016, the more significant components of the Company’s income tax provision from continuing operations are as follows (in millions):

 Year Ended September 30,
 2016
Tax expense at U.S. federal statutory rate$371
State income taxes, net of federal benefit(6)
Foreign income tax expense at different rates and foreign losses without tax benefits(122)
U.S. tax on foreign income(194)
U.S. credits and incentives(14)
Impact of acquisitions and divestitures163
Restructuring and impairment costs28
Other(29)
Income tax provision$197

The U.S. federal statutory tax rate is being used as a comparison since the Company was a U.S. domiciled company in fiscal 2014, 2015 andfor 11 months of fiscal 2016. The effective rate is abovebelow the U.S. statutory rate for fiscal 2016 primarily due to the benefits of continuing global tax consequences surrounding the planned spin-off of the Automotive Experience businessplanning initiatives and related expenses,foreign tax rate differentials, partially offset by the jurisdictional mix of restructuring and impairment costs, and the tax impacts of the mergerMerger and integration related costs, partially offset by the benefits of continuing global tax planning initiatives and foreign tax rate differentials. The effective rate is below the U.S. statutory rate for fiscal 2015 primarily due to the benefits of continuing global tax planning initiatives, income in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions with a tax rate lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate and adjustments due to tax audit resolutions, partially offset by the tax consequences of business divestitures, and significant restructuring and impairment costs. The effective rate is below the U.S. statutory rate for fiscal 2014 primarily due to the benefits of continuing global tax planning initiatives and income in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions with a tax rate lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate partially offset by the tax consequences of business divestitures, significant restructuring and impairment costs, and valuation allowance adjustments.

Valuation Allowances

The Company reviews the realizability of its deferred tax asset valuation allowances on a quarterly basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a review is required. In determining the requirement for a valuation allowance, the historical and projected financial results of the legal entity or consolidated group recording the net deferred tax asset are considered, along with any other positive or negative evidence. Since future financial results may differ from previous estimates, periodic adjustments to the Company’s valuation allowances may be necessary.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company performed an analysis related to the realizability of its worldwide deferred tax assets. As a result, and after considering feasible tax planning initiatives and other positive and negative evidence, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets primarily within Germany would not be realized. Therefore, the Company recorded $56 million of valuation allowances as income tax expense in the three month period ended September 30, 2018.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company performed an analysis related to the realizability of its worldwide deferred tax assets. As a result, and after considering tax planning initiatives and other positive and negative evidence, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets primarily in Canada, China and Mexico would not be able to be realized, and it was more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets in Germany would be realized. Therefore, the Company recorded $27 million of net valuation allowances as income tax expense in the three month period ended September 30, 2017.

As a result of the Tyco Merger in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company recorded as part of the acquired liabilities of Tyco $2.4 billion of valuation allowances. Also in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company performed an analysis related to the realizability of its worldwide deferred tax assets. As a result, and after considering tax planning initiatives and other positive and negative evidence, the Company determined that no other material changes were needed to its valuation allowances. Therefore, there was no impact to income tax expense due to valuation allowance changes in the three month period or year ended September 30, 2016.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company performed an analysis related to the realizability of its worldwide deferred tax assets. As a result, and after considering tax planning initiatives and other positive and negative evidence, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets primarily within Spain, Germany, and the United Kingdom would not be realized, and it is more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets of Poland and Germany will be realized. The impact of the net valuation allowance provision offset the benefit of valuation allowance releases and, as such, there was no net impact to income tax expense in the three month period ended September 30, 2015.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company performed an analysis related to the realizability of its worldwide deferred tax assets. As a result, and after considering tax planning initiatives and other positive and negative evidence, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that deferred tax assets within Italy would not be realized. Therefore, the Company recorded $34 million of net valuation allowances as income tax expense in the three month period ended September 30, 2014.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that the deferred tax asset associated with a capital loss in Mexico would not be utilized. Therefore, the Company recorded a $21 million valuation allowance as income tax expense.

Uncertain Tax Positions

The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Judgment is required in determining its worldwide provision for income taxes and recording the related assets and liabilities. In the ordinary course of the Company’s business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Company is regularly under audit by tax authorities.

At September 30, 2018, the Company had gross tax effected unrecognized tax benefits for continuing operations of $2,379 million of which $2,246 million, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate. Total net accrued interest at September 30, 2018 was approximately $119 million (net of tax benefit).

At September 30, 2017, the Company had gross tax effected unrecognized tax benefits for continuing operations of $2,173 million of which $2,047 million, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate. Total net accrued interest at September 30, 2017 was approximately $99 million (net of tax benefit).

At September 30, 2016, the Company had gross tax effected unrecognized tax benefits for continuing operations of $1,836$1,706 million of which $1,734$1,604 million, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate. Total net accrued interest at September 30, 2016 was approximately $67$84 million (net of tax benefit).

At September 30, 2015, the Company had gross tax effected unrecognized tax benefits of $1,159 million of which $1,104 million, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate. Total net accrued interest at September 30, 2015 was approximately $41 million (net of tax benefit).

At September 30, 2014, the Company had gross tax effected unrecognized tax benefits of $1,607 million of which $1,457 million, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate. Total net accrued interest at September 30, 2014 was approximately $106 million (net of tax benefit).

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in millions):
Year Ended September 30,Year Ended September 30,
2016 2015 20142018 2017 2016
Beginning balance, October 1$1,159
 $1,607
 $1,302
$2,173
 $1,706
 $1,052
Additions for tax positions related to the current year465
 329
 315
444
 613
 442
Additions for tax positions of prior years15
 23
 31
7
 116
 15
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(66) (118) (27)(201) (44) (66)
Settlements with taxing authorities(104) (541) (9)(19) (95) (104)
Statute closings(30) (18) (5)
Audit resolutions
 (123) 
Statute closings and audit resolutions(25) (264) (30)
Acquisition of business397
 
 

 141
 397
Ending balance, September 30$1,836
 $1,159
 $1,607
$2,379
 $2,173
 $1,706

During fiscal 2015,2018, the Company settled tax examinations impacting fiscal years 2010 to fiscal 2012 which resulted in a $25 million net benefit to income tax expense.

During fiscal 2017, the Company settled a significant number of tax examinations in Germany, Mexico and the U.S., impacting fiscal years 19982006 to fiscal 2012. The settlement of unrecognized tax benefits included cash payments for approximately $440 million and the loss of various tax attributes. The reduction for tax positions of prior years is substantially related to foreign exchange rates.2014. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015,2017, income tax audit resolutions resulted in a net $99$191 million benefit to income tax expense.


In the U.S., fiscal years 20102015 through 20142016 are currently under exam by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and 2008 through 2009 are currently under IRS appeals.for certain legal entities. Additionally, the Company is currently under exam in the following major foreign jurisdictions:non-U.S. jurisdictions for continuing operations:
 
Tax Jurisdiction Tax Years Covered
   
Belgium 20112015 - 20142017
BrazilChina 20042008 - 2008, 2011 - 2012
Canada2012 - 20152016
France 2010 - 20152012; 2015-2016
Germany 2007 - 2013
Italy2006, 2011
Korea2012 - 2015
Mexico2009 - 2015
Poland20152016
Spain 20082010 - 20142012
United Kingdom 20112012 - 20142015

It is reasonably possible that certain tax examinations tax appeals and /orand/or tax litigation will conclude within the next twelve months, of which could be up tohave a $100 millionmaterial impact to tax expense.

Other Tax Matters

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company recorded a tax benefit of $139 million due to changes in entity tax status.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company recorded a tax charge of $129 million due to legal entity restructuring associated with the Power Solutions business.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company completed the sale of its Scott Safety business to 3M Company. In connection with the sale, the Company recorded a pre-tax gain of $114 million and income tax expense of $30 million. In addition, during fiscal 2017, the Company recorded a discrete non-cash tax charge of $490 million related to establishment of a deferred tax liability on the outside basis difference of the Company's investment in certain subsidiaries of the Scott Safety business. Refer to Note 3, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," and Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information.

During fiscal 2016, 20152018 and 2014,2017, the Company recorded transaction and integration costs of $234 million and $428 million, respectively. These costs generated tax benefits of $27 million and $69 million, respectively, which reflects the Company’s current tax position in these jurisdictions.

During fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred significant charges for restructuring and impairment costs.costs of $263 million, $367 million and $288 million, respectively. Refer to Note 16, "Significant Restructuring and Impairment Costs," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information. A substantial portionThese costs generated tax benefits of these charges cannot be benefited for tax purposes due to$38 million, $63 million and $76 million, respectively, which reflects the Company'sCompany’s current tax position in these jurisdictionsjurisdictions.

During fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, the underlyingCompany recorded pension mark-to-market gains (losses) of $10 million, $420 million and $(393) million, respectively. These gains generated tax basisexpense (benefit) of $(3) million, $126 million and $(119) million, respectively, which reflects the Company’s current tax position in these jurisdictions.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company recorded a tax charge of $53 million due to a change in the impaired assets, resultingdeferred tax liability related to the outside basis of certain nonconsolidated subsidiaries.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company recorded a discrete tax benefit of $101 million due to changes in $126 million, $52 million and $75 million incrementalentity tax expense in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.status.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company completed its mergerMerger with Tyco. As a result of that transaction, the Company incurred incremental tax expense of $137 million. In preparation for the spin-off of the Automotive Experience business in the first quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company incurred incremental tax expense for continuing operations of $121$26 million in fiscal 2016. The Company also completed substantial business reorganizations which resulted in total tax charges of $1,891 million in fiscal 2016. Included in this amount is the tax charge provided for in the third quarter of fiscal 2016 of $85 million for changes in entity tax status and the charge provided for in the second quarter of fiscal 2016 of $780 million for income tax expense on foreign undistributed earnings of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries.

As a result of the Tyco Merger in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company recorded as part of the acquired liabilities of Tyco $290 million of post sale contingent tax indemnification liabilities which is generally recorded within other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position. The liabilities are recorded at fair value and relate to certain tax related matters borne by the buyer of previously divested subsidiaries of Tyco which Tyco has indemnified certain parties and the amounts are probable of being paid. At September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded liabilities of $255 million and $290 million, respectively. Of the $290$255 million recorded as of September 30, 2016, $2552018, $235 million is related to prior divested businesses and the remainder relates to Tyco’s tax sharing agreements from its 2007 and 2012 spin-off transactions. These are certain guarantees or indemnifications extended among Tyco, Medtronic, TE Connectivity, ADT and Pentair in accordance with the terms of the 2007 and 2012 separation and tax sharing agreements.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company completed its global automotive interiors joint venture with Yanfeng Automotive Trim Systems. Refer to Note 3, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information. In connection with the divestiture of the Interiors business, the Company recorded a pre-tax gain on divestiture of $145 million, $38 million net of tax. The tax impact of the gain is due to the jurisdictional mix of gains and losses on the divestiture, which resulted in non-benefited expenses in certain countries and taxable gains in other countries. In addition, in the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2015, the Company provided income tax expense for repatriation of cash and other tax reserves associated with the Automotive Experience Interiors joint venture transaction, which resulted in a tax charge of $75 million and $223 million, respectively.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company recorded a discrete tax benefit of $51 million due to change in entity status.

In the third quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company disposed of its Automotive Experience Interiors headliner and sun visor product lines. Refer to Note 3, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information. As a result, the Company recorded a pre-tax loss on divestiture of $95 million and income tax expense of $38 million. The income tax expense is due to the jurisdictional mix of gains and losses on the sale, which resulted in non-benefited losses in certain countries and taxable gains in other countries.

Impacts of Tax Legislation and Change in Statutory Tax Rates

AfterOn December 22, 2017, the fourth quarter“Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (H.R. 1) was enacted and significantly revises U.S. corporate income tax by, among other things, lowering corporate income tax rates, imposing a one-time transition tax on deemed repatriated earnings of fiscal 2016, on October 13, 2016, the U.S. Treasurynon-U.S. subsidiaries, and the IRS released finalimplementing a territorial tax system and temporary Section 385 regulations. These regulations address whether certain instruments between related parties are treated as debt or equity. The Company does not expect that the regulations will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.various base erosion minimum tax provisions.

The "look-through rule," under subpart FIn connection with the Company’s analysis of the impact of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, expired for the Company on September 30, 2015. The "look-through rule" had provided an exceptiontax law changes, which is provisional and subject to the U.S. taxation of certain income generated by foreign subsidiaries. The rule was extended in December 2015 retroactive to the beginning of the Company’s 2016 fiscal year. The retroactive extension was signed into legislation and was made permanent through the Company's 2020 fiscal year.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2015, tax legislation was adopted in Japan which reduced its statutory income tax rate. As a result of the law change, the Company recorded incomea net tax expensecharge of $17$108 million during fiscal 2018. This provisional net tax charge arises from a benefit of $108 million due to the remeasurement of U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities, offset by the Company’s tax charge relating to the one-time transition tax on deemed repatriated earnings, inclusive of all relevant taxes, of $216 million. The Company’s estimated benefit of the remeasurement of U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities increased from $101 million as of December 31, 2017 to $108 million as of September 30, 2018 due to calculation refinement of the Company’s estimated impact. The Company remeasured certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the second quarterfuture. The Company’s tax charge for transition tax decreased from $305 million as of fiscal 2015.December 31, 2017 to $216 million as of September 30, 2018 due to further analysis of the Company’s post-1986 non-U.S. earnings and profits (“E&P”) previously deferred from U.S. federal taxation and refinement of the estimated impact of tax law changes.

As a resultBased on the effective dates of changes to Mexicancertain aspects of the U.S. tax law inchanges, various applicable impacts of the first quarterenacted legislation could not be finalized as of fiscal 2014,September 30, 2018. While the Company recorded a benefitmade reasonable estimates of the impact of the transition tax, the final impact of the U.S. tax law changes may differ from these estimated impacts, due to, incomefuture treasury regulations, tax expense of $25 million.law technical corrections, notices, rulings, refined computations, and other items. The Company will finalize such provisional amounts within the time period prescribed by Staff Accounting Bulletin 118.

During the fiscal years ended 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 2014,2016, other tax legislation was adopted in various jurisdictions. These law changes did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.


Continuing Operations

Components of the provision for income taxes on continuing operations were as follows (in millions):
 Year Ended September 30,
 2016 2015 2014
Current     
Federal$1,975
 $(477) $109
State101
 (21) 15
Foreign1,403
 906
 585
 3,479
 408
 709
Deferred     
Federal(523) 201
 (175)
State(51) (31) (6)
Foreign(667) 22
 (121)
 (1,241) 192
 (302)
      
Income tax provision$2,238
 $600
 $407
 Year Ended September 30,
 2018 2017 2016
Current     
U.S. federal$515
 $(225) $169
U.S. state34
 (6) 5
Non-U.S.605
 373
 788
 1,154
 142
 962
Deferred     
U.S. federal(284) 593
 (321)
U.S. state(11) 41
 (15)
Non-U.S.(341) (71) (429)
 (636) 563
 (765)
      
Income tax provision$518
 $705
 $197

Consolidated U.S. income from continuing operations before income taxes and noncontrolling interests for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 20142016 was income of $1,155$773 million, $1,051$868 million and $1,370$943 million, respectively. Consolidated foreignnon-U.S. income from continuing operations before income taxes and noncontrolling interests for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 20142016 was income of $431$2,128 million, $1,100$1,690 million and $546$119 million, respectively.

Income taxes paid for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 2015 and 2014 were $1,388$517 million, $1,163$1,756 million and $782$1,388 million, respectively. At September 30, 20162018 and 2015,2017, the Company recorded within the consolidated statements of financial position in other current liabilities approximately $1,538$336 million and $337$625 million, respectively, of accrued income tax liabilities.

The Company has not provided U.S. or non-U.S. income taxes on approximately $5.5$19.5 billion of outside basis differences of Johnson Controls, Inc. consolidated subsidiaries of the Company.Johnson Controls International plc. The Company is indefinitely reinvested in these basis differences. The reduction of the outside basis differences via the sale or liquidation of these consolidated subsidiaries and/or distributions could create taxable income. The Company has also not provided U.S. or

non-U.S. income taxes on additional outside basis differences relating to the Tyco Merger.  The Company is currently finalizing the purchase price allocation by legal entity to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed which will be used to calculate the outside basis differences of certain of its consolidated subsidiaries of the Company.  This purchase price allocation, by legal entity, will be completed within the measurement period in fiscal 2017. The Company’sCompany's intent is to reduce the outside basis differences only when it would be tax efficient. ItGiven the numerous ways in which the basis differences may be reduced, it is not practicable to estimate the amount of unrecognized withholding taxes and deferred tax liability on the outside basis differences.
In fiscal 2016,2018, due to U.S. Tax Reform, the Company did provide U.S.provided income tax expense related to the restructuring and repatriationchange in the Company’s assertion over the outside basis difference of cash for certain non-U.S. subsidiaries in connection with the Automotive Experience planned spin-off. The Company needs to complete the final steps of Automotive Experience restructuring and, as a result, the Company provided deferred taxes of $24 million forowned directly or indirectly by U.S. subsidiaries. Under U.S. Tax Reform, the U.S. incomehas enacted a tax expense onsystem that provides an exemption for dividends received by U.S. corporations from 10% or more owned non-U.S. corporations. However, certain non-U.S, U.S. state and withholding taxes may still apply when closing an outside basis differences that will reverse upon the completion of the restructuring. Refer to "Capitalization" within the "Liquidity and Capital Resources" section of Item 7 for discussion of domestic and foreign cash projections.difference via distribution or other transactions.

Deferred taxes were classified in the consolidated statements of financial position as follows (in millions):
September 30,September 30,
2016 20152018 2017
Other noncurrent assets2,905
 1,873
1,591
 2,360
Other noncurrent liabilities(1,597) (391)(763) (1,733)
      
Net deferred tax asset$1,308
 $1,482
$828
 $627


Temporary differences and carryforwards which gave rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities included (in millions):
 
September 30,September 30,
2016 20152018 2017
Deferred tax assets      
Accrued expenses and reserves$1,404
 $210
$490
 $891
Employee and retiree benefits515
 270
193
 373
Net operating loss and other credit carryforwards4,668
 2,471
6,510
 5,130
Research and development94
 64
93
 188
Joint ventures and partnerships279
 231
Other35
 16
Other, net
 26
6,995
 3,262
7,286
 6,608
Valuation allowances(3,564) (1,256)(5,195) (3,838)
3,431
 2,006
2,091
 2,770
Deferred tax liabilities      
Property, plant and equipment113
 124
172
 247
Subsidiaries, joint ventures and partnerships306
 789
Intangible assets2,010
 400
713
 1,107
Other, net72
 
2,123
 524
1,263
 2,143
      
Net deferred tax asset$1,308
 $1,482
$828
 $627

At September 30, 2016,2018, the Company had available net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $15.3$24.3 billion, of which $4.6$13.5 billion will expire at various dates between 20172019 and 2036,2038, and the remainder has an indefinite carryforward period. The Company had available U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards at September 30, 20162018 of $80$624 million which may be carried back to fiscal period 2016 or which will otherwise expire at various dates between 2020 and 2024. The valuation allowance, generally, is for loss carryforwards for which realization is uncertain because it is unlikely that the losses will be realized given the lack of sustained profitability and/or limited carryforward periods in certain countries.

During the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-09. As of September 30, 2016,a result, the Company recognized deferred tax assets of approximately $180$179 million relatein the consolidated statements of financial position related to certain operating loss carryforwards resulting from the exercise of employee stock options and restricted stock vestings the tax benefiton a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of which, when recognized, will be accounted for as a credit to additional paid-in capital rather than a reduction of income tax provision. Such amount has been presented within the tax loss and carryforwards line in the table above.October 1, 2017.

19.    SEGMENT INFORMATION

ASC 280, "Segment Reporting," establishes the standards for reporting information about segments in financial statements. In applying the criteria set forth in ASC 280, the Company has determined that it has eightfive reportable segments for financial reporting

purposes. The Company’s eightfive reportable segments are presented in the context of its threetwo primary businesses - Buildings, Automotive ExperienceBuilding Technologies & Solutions and Power Solutions.

BuildingsBuilding Technologies & Solutions

Building Efficiency

Building Efficiency designs, produces, markets and installs HVAC and control systems that monitor, automate and integrate critical building segment equipment and conditions including HVAC, fire-safety and security in commercial buildings and in various industrial applications.

Systems and ServiceSolutions North America provides productsdesigns, sells, installs, and services to non-residential building and industrial applications in the North American marketplace. The products and services include HVAC and controls systems, integrated electronic security systems (including monitoring), and integrated fire detection and suppression systems for commercial, industrial, retail, small business, institutional and governmental customers in North America.  Building Solutions North America also provides energy efficiency solutions and technical services, including inspection, scheduled maintenance, and repair and replacement of mechanical and control systems.

Products North America designs and produces heating and air conditioning solutions for residential and light commercial applications, and also markets products and refrigeration systems, to the replacementnon-residential building and new construction marketsindustrial applications in the North American marketplace. Products North America also includes HVAC products installed for Navy and Marine customers globally.

Asia providesBuilding Solutions EMEA/LA designs, sells, installs, and services HVAC, controls, refrigeration, integrated electronic security, integrated fire detection and refrigerationsuppression systems, and technical services to the Asian marketplace. Asia also includes the Johnson Controls-Hitachi Air Conditioning joint venture, which was formed October 1, 2015.

Rest of World provides HVAC, controls and refrigeration systems and technical services to markets in Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America.

Tyco

TycoBuilding Solutions Asia Pacific designs, sells, installs, and services and monitorsHVAC, controls, refrigeration, integrated electronic security, systems and integrated fire detection and suppression systems, and provides technical services to the Asia Pacific marketplace.

Global Products designs and produces heating and air conditioning for residential and commercial industrial, retail, small business, institutionalapplications, and governmental customers.markets products and refrigeration systems to replacement and new construction market customers globally. The TycoGlobal Products business also designs, manufactures and sells fire protection security and life safetysecurity products, including intrusion security, anti-theft devices, breathing apparatus and access control and video management systems, for commercial, industrial, retail, residential, small business, institutional and governmental customers worldwide.

Automotive Experience

Automotive Experience designs Global Products also includes the Johnson Controls-Hitachi joint venture, which was formed October 1, 2015, and manufactures interior systems and products for passenger cars and light trucks, including vans, pick-up trucks and sport utility/crossover vehicles.

Seating produces automotive seat metal structures and mechanisms, foam, trim, fabric and complete seat systems.

Interiors produces instrument panels, floor consoles and door panels.included the Scott Safety business, prior to its sale on October 4, 2017. 

Power Solutions

Power Solutions services both automotive original equipment manufacturers and the battery aftermarket by providing advanced battery technology, coupled with systems engineering, marketing and service expertise.

Management evaluates the performance of theits business segments based primarily on segment EBIT,earnings before interest, taxes and amortization ("EBITA"), which represents income from continuing operations before income taxes and noncontrolling interests, excluding general corporate expenses, intangible asset amortization, net financing charges, significant restructuring and impairment costs, and the net mark-to-market adjustments onrelated to pension and postretirement plans. General corporate and other overhead expenses are allocated to the reportable segments in determining segment EBIT.


Financial information relating to the Company’s reportable segments is as follows (in millions):
 Year Ended September 30,
 2016 2015 2014
Net Sales     
Buildings     
Building Efficiency     
Systems and Service North America$4,292
 $4,184
 $4,098
Products North America2,488
 2,450
 1,807
Asia4,830
 1,985
 2,077
Rest of World1,766
 1,891
 2,103
 13,376
 10,510
 10,085
Tyco808
 
 
 14,184
 10,510
 10,085
Automotive Experience     
Seating16,355
 16,539
 17,531
Interiors482
 3,540
 4,501
 16,837
 20,079
 22,032
Power Solutions6,653
 6,590
 6,632
      
Total net sales$37,674
 $37,179
 $38,749
 Year Ended September 30,
 2018 2017 2016
Net Sales     
Building Technologies & Solutions     
Building Solutions North America$8,679
 $8,341
 $4,687
Building Solutions EMEA/LA3,696
 3,595
 1,613
Building Solutions Asia Pacific2,553
 2,444
 1,736
Global Products8,472
 8,455
 6,148
 23,400
 22,835
 14,184
Power Solutions8,000
 7,337
 6,653
      
Total net sales$31,400
 $30,172
 $20,837
 Year Ended September 30,
 2016 2015 2014
Segment EBIT     
Buildings     
Building Efficiency     
Systems and Service North America (1)$412
 $375
 $354
Products North America (2)173
 306
 238
Asia (3)431
 191
 270
Rest of World (4)20
 51
 (45)
 1,036
 923
 817
Tyco (5)(17) 
 
 1,019
 923
 817
Automotive Experience     
Seating (6)676
 928
 853
Interiors (7)75
 254
 (1)
 751
 1,182
 852
Power Solutions (8)1,253
 1,153
 1,052
      
Total segment EBIT$3,023
 $3,258
 $2,721
      
Net financing charges(314) (288) (244)
Restructuring and impairment costs(620) (397) (324)
Net mark-to-market adjustments on pension and postretirement plans(503) (422) (237)
      
Income from continuing operations before income taxes$1,586
 $2,151
 $1,916
 Year Ended September 30,
 2018 2017 2016
Segment EBITA     
Building Technologies & Solutions     
Building Solutions North America (1)$1,109
 $1,039
 $494
Building Solutions EMEA/LA (2)344
 290
 74
Building Solutions Asia Pacific (3)347
 323
 222
Global Products (4)1,338
 1,179
 637
 3,138
 2,831
 1,427
Power Solutions (5)1,417
 1,427
 1,327
Total segment EBITA$4,555
 $4,258
 $2,754
      
Amortization of intangible assets(384) (489) (116)
Corporate expenses (6)(576) (768) (607)
Net financing charges(441) (496) (289)
Restructuring and impairment costs(263) (367) (288)
Net mark-to-market adjustments on pension and postretirement plans10
 420
 (393)
      
Income from continuing operations before income taxes$2,901
 $2,558
 $1,061
 September 30,
 2018 2017 2016
Assets     
Building Technologies & Solutions (7)     
Building Solutions North America (8)$15,384
 $15,228
 $15,554
Building Solutions EMEA/LA (9)4,997
 4,885
 4,649
Building Solutions Asia Pacific (10)2,743
 2,575
 2,521
Global Products (11)14,261
 14,018
 15,782
 37,385
 36,706
 38,506
Power Solutions (12)7,996
 7,894
 6,793
Assets held for sale
 2,109
 13,186
Unallocated3,416
 5,175
 4,694
      
Total$48,797
 $51,884
 $63,179

 September 30,
 2016 2015 2014
Assets     
Buildings     
Building Efficiency     
Systems and Service North America$2,338
 $2,332
 $2,341
Products North America4,236
 4,193
 4,157
Asia3,668
 1,387
 1,418
Rest of World1,416
 1,471
 1,642
 11,658
 9,383
 9,558
Tyco (9)28,097
 
 
 39,755
 9,383
 9,558
Automotive Experience     
Seating8,888
 8,611
 8,969
Interiors (9)1,264
 1,265
 321
 10,152
 9,876
 9,290
Power Solutions6,859
 6,590
 6,888
Assets held for sale174
 55
 2,787
Unallocated6,313
 3,718
 4,289
      
Total$63,253
 $29,622
 $32,812
 Year Ended September 30,
 2018 2017 2016
Depreciation/Amortization     
Building Technologies & Solutions     
Building Solutions North America$236
 $272
 $49
Building Solutions EMEA/LA110
 140
 14
Building Solutions Asia Pacific28
 37
 11
Global Products390
 410
 230
 764
 859
 304
Power Solutions256
 236
 238
Corporate65
 64
 80
Discontinued Operations
 29
 331
      
Total$1,085
 $1,188
 $953
 Year Ended September 30,
 2016 2015 2014
Depreciation/Amortization     
Buildings     
Building Efficiency     
Systems and Service North America$38
 $32
 $32
Products North America116
 119
 79
Asia107
 27
 24
Rest of World19
 19
 25
 280
 197
 160
Tyco53
 
 
 333
 197
 160
Automotive Experience     
Seating355
 345
 328
Interiors13
 21
 128
 368
 366
 456
Power Solutions252
 297
 315
Discontinued Operations
 
 24
      
Total$953
 $860
 $955

 Year Ended September 30,
 2016 2015 2014
Capital Expenditures     
Buildings     
Building Efficiency     
Systems and Service North America$15
 $22
 $27
Products North America217
 160
 123
Global Workplace Solutions
 16
 16
Asia119
 32
 39
Rest of World25
 38
 34
 376
 268
 239
Tyco22
 
 
 398
 268
 239
Automotive Experience     
Seating444
 437
 420
Interiors3
 121
 181
Electronics
 
 31
 447
 558
 632
Power Solutions404
 309
 328
      
Total$1,249
 $1,135
 $1,199
 Year Ended September 30,
 2018 2017 2016
Capital Expenditures     
Building Technologies & Solutions     
Building Solutions North America$114
 $107
 $16
Building Solutions EMEA/LA73
 98
 19
Building Solutions Asia Pacific26
 27
 7
Global Products307
 421
 304
 520
 653
 346
Automotive Experience     
Seating
 62
 392
Interiors
 1
 3
 
 63
 395
Power Solutions372
 481
 357
Corporate138
 146
 151
      
Total$1,030
 $1,343
 $1,249
 
(1)Building Efficiency - Systems and ServiceSolutions North America segment EBITEBITA for the yearsyear ended September 30, 2016, 20152018 and 20142017 excludes $2 million, $3$20 million and $12$59 million, respectively, of restructuring and impairment costs.

(2)Building Efficiency - Products North AmericaSolutions EMEA/LA segment EBITEBITA for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 2015 and 2014 excludes $9$56 million, $11$74 million and $7$17 million, respectively, of restructuring and impairment costs. For the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, 2015 and 2014, Products North AmericaEMEA/LA segment EBITEBITA includes $10$1 million, $9$5 million and $7$11 million, respectively, of equity income.

(3)Building Efficiency -Solutions Asia Pacific segment EBIT for the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 excludes $26 million,$11 million and $4 million, respectively, of restructuring and impairment costs. For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2014, Asia segment EBIT includes $100 million and $21 million, respectively, of equity income.

(4)Building Efficiency - Rest of World segment EBIT for the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 excludes $16 million, $13 million and $119 million, respectively, of restructuring and impairment costs. For the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, Rest of World segment EBIT includes $15 million, $14 million and $7 million, respectively, of equity income.

(5)Tyco segment EBITEBITA for the year ended September 30, 20162018 and 2017 excludes $85 million of restructuring and impairment costs. For the year ended September 30, 2016, Tyco segment EBIT includes $1 million of equity income.

(6)Automotive Experience - Seating segment EBIT for the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 excludes $284 million, $182 million and $29 million, respectively, of restructuring and impairment costs. For the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, Seating segment EBIT includes $289 million, $264 million and $250 million, respectively, of equity income.

(7)Automotive Experience - Interiors segment EBIT for the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2014 excludes $17 million and $130 million, respectively, of restructuring and impairment costs. For the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, Interiors segment EBIT includes $68 million, $31 million and $35 million, respectively, of equity income.

(8)Power Solutions segment EBIT for the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 excludes $66 million, $11$16 million and $16 million, respectively, of restructuring and impairment costs. For the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, 2015 and 2014, Power SolutionsAsia Pacific segment EBITEBITA includes $48$1 million, $57$1 million and $75$1 million, respectively, of equity income.

(9)(4)Current yearGlobal Products segment EBITA for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and prior2016 excludes $113 million, $32 million and $44 million, respectively, of restructuring and impairment costs. For the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, Global Products segment EBITA includes $175 million, $151 million and $114 million, respectively, of equity income.


(5)Power Solutions segment EBITA for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 excludes $8 million, $20 million and $66 million, respectively, of restructuring and impairment costs. For the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, Power Solutions segment EBITA includes $58 million, $83 million and $48 million, respectively, of equity income.

(6)Corporate expenses for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 excludes $50 million, $166 million and $161 million, respectively, of restructuring and impairment costs.

(7)Prior year amounts exclude assets held for sale. Refer to Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company's disposal groups classified as held for sale.

(8)Buildings Solutions North America assets as of September 2018, 2017 and 2016, include $8 million, $8 million and $7 million, respectively, of investments in partially-owned affiliates.

(9)Building Solutions EMEA/LA assets as of September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, include $99 million, $107 million and $103 million, respectively, of investments in partially-owned affiliates.

(10)Building Solutions Asia Pacific assets as of September 30, 2018 include $1 million of investments in partially-owned affiliates.

(11)Global Products assets as of September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, include $740 million, $629 million and $513 million, respectively, of investments in partially-owned affiliates.

(12)Power Solutions assets as of September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, include $453 million, $447 million and $367 million, respectively, of investments in partially-owned affiliates.

The Company has significant sales to the automotive industry. In fiscal years 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 2014,2016, no customer exceeded 10% of consolidated net sales.


Geographic Segments

Financial information relating to the Company’s operations by geographic area is as follows (in millions):
Year Ended September 30,Year Ended September 30,
2016 2015 20142018 2017 2016
Net Sales          
United States$16,214
 $16,841
 $16,596
$14,625
 $14,495
 $9,633
China2,166
 2,046
 1,620
Japan1,903
 1,816
 1,805
Germany3,331
 3,375
 3,853
1,961
 1,779
 1,430
Japan2,262
 753
 1,064
United Kingdom1,139
 928
 291
Mexico1,637
 1,933
 2,001
909
 840
 639
Other foreign5,692
 5,408
 3,602
Other European countries6,860
 7,320
 8,913
3,005
 2,860
 1,817
Other foreign7,370
 6,957
 6,322
          
Total$37,674
 $37,179
 $38,749
$31,400
 $30,172
 $20,837
          
Long-Lived Assets (Year-end)          
United States$3,500
 $2,681
 $2,762
$3,216
 $3,155
 $2,880
China766
 535
 484
Japan209
 180
 188
Germany650
 680
 910
275
 290
 287
Japan253
 74
 77
United Kingdom73
 109
 103
Mexico708
 594
 567
531
 489
 457
Other foreign659
 821
 785
Other European countries1,284
 1,006
 1,064
442
 542
 448
Other foreign1,477
 835
 934
          
Total$7,872
 $5,870
 $6,314
$6,171
 $6,121
 $5,632

Net sales attributed to geographic locations are based on the location of the assets producing the sales. Long-lived assets by geographic location consist of net property, plant and equipment.

20.    NONCONSOLIDATED PARTIALLY-OWNED AFFILIATES

Investments in the net assets of nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates are stated in the "Investments in partially-owned affiliates" line in the consolidated statements of financial position as of September 30, 20162018 and 2015.2017. Equity in the net income of nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates is stated in the "Equity income" line in the consolidated statements of income for the years ended September 30, 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 2014.2016.

The following table presents summarized financial data for the Company’s nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates. The amounts included in the table below represent 100% of the results of continuing operations of such nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates accounted for under the equity method.


Summarized balance sheet data as of September 30 is as follows (in millions):
2016 20152018 2017
Current assets$9,117
 $7,083
$4,307
 $4,034
Noncurrent assets4,164
 3,294
1,654
 1,513
Total assets$13,281
 $10,377
$5,961
 $5,547
      
Current liabilities$7,689
 $6,268
$2,718
 $2,470
Noncurrent liabilities754
 604
459
 478
Noncontrolling interests78
 20
39
 33
Shareholders’ equity4,760
 3,485
2,745
 2,566
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$13,281
 $10,377
$5,961
 $5,547

Summarized income statement data for the years ended September 30 is as follows (in millions):
2016 2015 20142018 2017 2016
Net sales$21,456
 $12,922
 $10,820
$7,686
 $6,445
 $5,329
Gross profit3,119
 1,911
 1,638
1,855
 1,510
 1,323
Net income1,569
 890
 790
547
 517
 415
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests26
 10
 3
10
 11
 16
Net income attributable to the entity1,543
 880
 787
537
 506
 399

21.    GUARANTEES

Certain of the Company's subsidiaries at the business segment level have guaranteed the performance of third-parties and provided financial guarantees for uncompleted work and financial commitments. The terms of these guarantees vary with end dates ranging from the current fiscal year through the completion of such transactions and would typically be triggered in the event of nonperformance. Performance under the guarantees, if required, would not have a material effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

As a result of the Tyco Merger in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company recorded as part of the acquired liabilities of Tyco $290 million of post sale contingent tax indemnification liabilities within other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position. The liabilities are recorded at fair value and relate to certain tax related matters borne by the buyer of previously divested subsidiaries of Tyco which Tyco has indemnified certain parties and the amounts are probable of being paid. Of the $290 million recorded as of September 30, 2016, $255 million is related to prior divested businesses and the remainder relates to Tyco’s tax sharing agreements from its 2007 and 2012 spin-off transactions. These are certain guarantees or indemnifications extended among Tyco, Medtronic, TE Connectivity, ADT and Pentair in accordance with the terms of the 2007 and 2012 separation and tax sharing agreements.

The Company offers warranties to its customers depending upon the specific product and terms of the customer purchase agreement. A typical warranty program requires that the Company replace defective products within a specified time period from the date of sale. The Company records an estimate for future warranty-related costs based on actual historical return rates and other known factors. Based on analysis of return rates and other factors, the Company’s warranty provisions are adjusted as necessary. The Company monitors its warranty activity and adjusts its reserve estimates when it is probable that future warranty costs will be different than those estimates.

The Company’s product warranty liability for continuing operations is recorded in the consolidated statements of financial position in deferred revenue and other current liabilities if the warranty is less than one year and in other noncurrent liabilities if the warranty extends longer than one year.


The changes in the carrying amount of the Company’s total product warranty liability, including extended warranties for which deferred revenue is recorded, for the fiscal years ended September 30, 20162018 and 20152017 were as follows (in millions):
Year Ended
September 30,
Year Ended
September 30,
2016 20152018 2017
Balance at beginning of period$300
 $319
$409
 $374
Accruals for warranties issued during the period324
 280
309
 312
Accruals from acquisitions and divestitures(1)83
 

 7
Accruals related to pre-existing warranties (including changes in estimates)(13) (11)(26) (4)
Settlements made (in cash or in kind) during the period(301) (282)(297) (280)
Currency translation3
 (6)(3) 
Balance at end of period$396
 $300
$392
 $409

(1) The year ended September 30, 2017 includes $13 million of product warranties transferred to liabilities held for sale on the consolidated statements of financial position. Refer to Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company's disposal groups classified as held for sale.

As a result of the Tyco Merger in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company recorded, as part of the acquired liabilities of Tyco, $290 million of post sale contingent tax indemnification liabilities which is generally recorded within other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position. The liabilities are recorded at fair value and relate to certain tax related matters borne by the buyer of previously divested subsidiaries of Tyco which Tyco has indemnified certain parties and the amounts are probable of being paid. At September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded liabilities of $255 million and $290 million, respectively. Of the $255 million recorded as of September 30, 2018, $235 million is related to prior divested businesses and the remainder relates to Tyco’s tax sharing agreements from its 2007 and 2012 spin-off transactions. These are certain guarantees or indemnifications extended among Tyco, Medtronic, TE Connectivity, ADT and Pentair in accordance with the terms of the 2007 and 2012 separation and tax sharing agreements.

22.    TYCO INTERNATIONAL FINANCE S.A.

Tyco International Finance S.A. ("TIFSA"), a 100% owned subsidiary of the Company, has public debt securities outstanding which are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Johnson Controls and by Tyco Fire & Security Finance S.C.A. ("TIFSCA"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and parent company TIFSA. The following tables present condensed consolidating financial information for Johnson Controls, TIFSCA, TIFSA and all other subsidiaries. Condensed financial information for the Company, TIFSCA and TIFSA on a stand-alone basis is presented using the equity method of accounting for subsidiaries.

The TIFSA public debt securities were assumed as part of the Tyco acquisition. Therefore, no consolidating financial information for the years ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014 is presented related to the guarantee of the TIFSA public debt securities. Additional information regarding TIFSA and TIFSCA for the fiscal year ended September 25, 2015 and the period ended June 24, 2016 can be found in Tyco's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 13, 2015 (as recast in part in Tyco's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 11, 2016) and Tyco's Quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on July 29, 2016, respectively.


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the Year Ended September 30, 2016
($ in millions)

 
Johnson Controls
International plc
 Tyco Fire & Security Finance SCA Tyco International Finance S.A. Other Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Total
            
Net sales$
 $
 $
 $37,674
 $
 $37,674
Cost of sales
 
 
 30,360
 
 30,360
            
Gross profit
 
 
 7,314
 
 7,314
            
Selling, general and administrative
     expenses
(2) (2) (1) (5,320) 
 (5,325)
Restructuring and impairment costs
 
 
 (620) 
 (620)
Net financing charges
 
 (6) (308) 
 (314)
Equity income (loss)(894) (1,527) (313) 531
 2,734
 531
Intercompany interest and fees28
 
 7
 (35) 
 
            
Income (loss) from continuing
   operations before income taxes
(868) (1,529) (313) 1,562
 2,734
 1,586
            
Income tax provision
 
 
 2,238
 
 2,238
            
Income (loss) from continuing operations(868) (1,529) (313) (676) 2,734
 (652)
            
Net income (loss)(868) (1,529) (313) (676) 2,734
 (652)
            
Income from continuing operations
   attributable to noncontrolling
   interests

 
 
 216
 
 216
            
Net income (loss) attributable to
   Johnson Controls
$(868) $(1,529) $(313) $(892) $2,734
 $(868)



CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the Year Ended September 30, 2016

(in millions)
Johnson Controls
International
plc
 Tyco Fire & Security Finance SCA Tyco International Finance S.A. Other Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Total
            
Net Income (loss)$(868) $(1,529) $(313) $(676) $2,734
 $(652)
Other comprehensive income (loss),
   net of tax
          

     Foreign currency translation
        adjustments
(105) 
 
 (83) 94
 (94)
     Realized and unrealized gains
        on derivatives
11
 
 
 7
 (9) 9
     Realized and unrealized losses
       on marketable common stock
(1) 
 
 (1) 1
 (1)
     Pension and postretirement plans(1) 
 
 (1) 1
 (1)
            
Other comprehensive loss(96) 
 
 (78) 87
 (87)
            
Total comprehensive loss(964) (1,529) (313) (754) 2,821
 (739)
            
Comprehensive income attributable
   to noncontrolling interests

 
 
 225
 
 225
            
Comprehensive loss attributable
   to Johnson Controls
$(964) $(1,529) $(313) $(979) $2,821
 $(964)


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
For the Year Ended September 30, 2016

(in millions)
Johnson Controls
International
 plc
 Tyco Fire & Security Finance SCA Tyco International Finance S.A. Other Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Total
            
Assets           
Cash and cash equivalents$11
 $
 $244
 $429
 $
 $684
Cash in escrow related to Adient debt
 
 
 2,034
 
 2,034
Accounts receivable, net
 
 
 8,018
 
 8,018
Inventories
 
 
 3,560
 
 3,560
Intercompany receivables16
 
 2
 6,188
 (6,206) 
Assets held for sale
 
 
 174
 
 174
Other current assets6
 
 1
 2,632
 
 2,639
Current assets$33
 $
 $247
 $23,035
 $(6,206) $17,109
            
Property, plant and equipment - net
 
 
 7,872
 
 7,872
Goodwill
 
 274
 23,135
 
 23,409
Other intangible assets - net
 
 
 7,653
 
 7,653
Investments in partially-owned
   affiliates

 
 
 2,735
 
 2,735
Investments in affiliates12,460
 31,405
 27,906
 
 (71,771) 
Intercompany loans receivable18,680
 
 13,336
 15,631
 (47,647) 
Other noncurrent assets
 
 
 4,475
 
 4,475
Total assets$31,173
 $31,405
 $41,763
 $84,536
 $(125,624) $63,253
            
Liabilities and Equity           
Short-term debt$
 $
 $
 $1,119
 $
 $1,119
Current portion of long-term debt
 
 
 628
 
 628
Accounts payable1
 
 
 6,763
 
 6,764
Accrued compensation and benefits
 
 
 1,763
 
 1,763
Liabilities held for sale
 
 
 28
 
 28
Intercompany payables3,873
 
 2,315
 18
 (6,206) 
Other current liabilities3
 2
 32
 5,954
 
 5,991
Current liabilities3,877
 2
 2,347
 16,273
 (6,206) 16,293
            
Long-term debt
 
 2,413
 12,193
 
 14,606
Pension and postretirement benefits
 
 
 1,738
 
 1,738
Intercompany loans payable3,178
 18,680
 12,453
 13,336
 (47,647) 
Other noncurrent liabilities
 
 22
 5,270
 
 5,292
Long-term liabilities3,178
 18,680
 14,888
 32,537
 (47,647) 21,636
            
Redeemable noncontrolling interest
 
 
 234
 
 234
Ordinary shares9
 
 
 
 
 9
Ordinary shares held in treasury(20) 
 
 
 
 (20)
Other shareholders' equity24,129
 12,723
 24,528
 34,520
 (71,771) 24,129
Shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls24,118
 12,723
 24,528
 34,520
 (71,771) 24,118
Nonredeemable noncontrolling
   interest

 
 
 972
 
 972
Total equity24,118
 12,723
 24,528
 35,492
 (71,771) 25,090
Total liabilities, redeemable
   noncontrolling interest and
   equity
$31,173
 $31,405
 $41,763
 $84,536
 $(125,624) $63,253



CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
For the Year Ended September 30, 2016

(in millions)
Johnson Controls
International plc
 Tyco Fire & Security Finance SCA Tyco International Finance S.A. Other Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Total
            
Operating Activities           
Net cash provided by operating activities$11
 $
 $639
 $1,245
 $
 $1,895
            
Investing Activities           
Capital expenditures
 
 
 (1,249) 
 (1,249)
Sale of property, plant and equipment
 
 
 32
 
 32
Acquisition of business, net of cash
   acquired

 
 
 353
 
 353
Business divestitures
 
 
 32
 
 32
Changes in long-term investments
 
 57
 (105) 
 (48)
Net change in intercompany loans
 
 10
 
 (10) 
Other
 
 
 (7) 
 (7)
     Net cash provided (used) by
          investing activities

 
 67
 (944) (10) (887)
            
Financing Activities           
Increase (decrease) in short-term
   debt - net

 
 (462) 1,018
 
 556
Increase in long-term debt
 
 
 1,501
 
 1,501
Repayment of long-term debt
 
 
 (1,299) 
 (1,299)
Debt financing costs
 
 
 (45) 
 (45)
Stock repurchases
 
 
 (501) 
 (501)
Payment of cash dividends
 
 
 (915) 
 (915)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock
   options
3
 
 
 67
 
 70
Net intercompany loan borrowings
(repayments)

 
 
 (10) 10
 
Cash paid to acquire a
   noncontrolling interest

 
 
 (2) 
 (2)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests
 
 
 (306) 
 (306)
Other(3) 
 
 11
 
 8
     Net cash provided (used) in
        financing activities

 
 (462) (481) 10
 (933)
Effect of currency translation on
   cash

 
 
 12
 
 12
Increase (decrease) in cash and
   cash equivalents
11
 
 244
 (168) 
 87
Cash and cash equivalents at
   beginning of period

 
 
 597
 
 597
Cash and cash equivalents at
   end of period
$11
 $
 $244
 $429
 $
 $684


23.    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Environmental Matters

The Company accrues for potential environmental liabilities when it is probable a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability is reasonably estimable. As of September 30, 2016,2018, reserves for environmental liabilities totaled $55$42 million, of which $15$11 million was recorded within other current liabilities and $40$31 million was recorded within other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position. Reserves for environmental liabilities for continuing operations totaled $23$51 million at September 30, 2015.2017, of which $10 million was recorded within other current liabilities and $41 million was recorded within other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position. Such potential liabilities accrued by the Company do not take into consideration possible recoveries of future insurance proceeds. They do, however, take into account the likely share other parties will bear at remediation sites. It is difficult to estimate the Company’s ultimate level of liability at many remediation sites due to the large number of other parties that may be involved, the complexity of determining the relative liability among those parties, the uncertainty as to the nature and scope of the investigations and remediation to be conducted, the uncertainty in the application of law and risk assessment, the various choices and costs associated with diverse technologies that may be used in corrective actions at the sites, and the often quite lengthy periods over which eventual remediation may occur. Nevertheless, the Company does not currently believe that any claims, penalties or costs in connection with known environmental matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, the Company has identified asset retirement obligations for environmental matters that are expected to be addressed at the retirement, disposal, removal or abandonment of existing owned facilities, primarily in the Power Solutions and Buildings businesses.facilities. At September 30, 20162018 and 2015,2017, the Company recorded conditional asset retirement obligations of $74$45 million and $59$61 million, respectively.

Asbestos Matters

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries, along with numerous other third parties, are named as defendants in personal injury lawsuits based on alleged exposure to asbestos containing materials. These cases have typically involved product liability claims based primarily on allegations of manufacture, sale or distribution of industrial products that either contained asbestos or were used with asbestos containing components.


As of September 30, 2016,2018, the Company's estimated asbestos related net liability recorded on a discounted basis within the Company's consolidated statements of financial position is $148was $173 million. The net liability within the consolidated statements of financial position iswas comprised of a liability for pending and future claims and related defense costs of $548$550 million, of which $35$55 million iswas recorded in other current liabilities and $513$495 million iswas recorded in other noncurrent liabilities. The Company also maintainsmaintained separate cash, investments and receivables related to insurance recoveries within the consolidated statements of financial position of $400$377 million, of which $41$33 million iswas recorded in other current assets and $359$344 million iswas recorded in other noncurrent assets. Assets include $16included $6 million of cash and $264$281 million of investments, which have all been designated as restricted. In connection with the recognition of liabilities for asbestos-related matters, the Company records asbestos-related insurance recoveries that are probable; the amount of such recoveries recorded at September 30, 2016 is $1202018 was $90 million. The Company believes that the asbestos related liabilities and insurance related receivables recorded as of September 30, 2016 are appropriate. As of September 30, 2015,2017, the Company's estimated asbestos related net liability recorded on a discounted basis within the Company's consolidated statements of financial position iswas $181 million. The net liability within the consolidated statements of financial position was comprised of a liability for pending and future claims and related defense costs of $136$573 million, of which $48 million was recorded in other current liabilities and is primarily$525 million was recorded in other noncurrent liabilities. There were no assets recordedThe Company also maintained separate cash, investments and receivables related to insurance recoveries within the Company's asbestos obligationsconsolidated statements of financial position of $392 million, of which $53 million was recorded in other current assets and $339 million was recorded in other noncurrent assets. Assets included $22 million of cash and $269 million of investments, which have all been designated as restricted. In connection with the recognition of liabilities for asbestos-related matters, the Company records asbestos-related insurance recoveries that are probable; the amount of such recoveries recorded at September 30, 2015. The assets recorded in fiscal 2016 were as a result of assets acquired as part of the Tyco Merger.2017 was $101 million.

The Company's estimate of the liability and corresponding insurance recovery for pending and future claims and defense costs is based on the Company's historical claim experience, and estimates of the number and resolution cost of potential future claims that may be filed and is discounted to present value from 20692068 (which is the Company's reasonable best estimate of the actuarially determined time period through which asbestos-related claims will be filed against Company affiliates). Asbestos related defense costs are included in the asbestos liability. The Company's legal strategy for resolving claims also impacts these estimates. The Company considers various trends and developments in evaluating the period of time (the look-back period) over which historical claim and settlement experience is used to estimate and value claims reasonably projected to be made through 2069. Annually,2068. At least annually, the Company assesses the sufficiency of its estimated liability for pending and future claims and defense costs by evaluating actual experience regarding claims filed, settled and dismissed, and amounts paid in settlements. In addition to claims and settlement experience, the Company considers additional quantitative and qualitative factors such as changes in legislation, the legal environment, and the Company's defense strategy. The Company also evaluates the recoverability of its insurance receivable on an annual basis. The Company evaluates all of these factors and determines whether a change in the estimate of its liability for pending and future claims and defense costs or insurance receivable is warranted.


The amounts recorded by the Company for asbestos-related liabilities and insurance-related assets are based on the Company's strategies for resolving its asbestos claims, currently available information, and a number of estimates and assumptions. Key variables and assumptions include the number and type of new claims that are filed each year, the average cost of resolution of claims, the identity of defendants, the resolution of coverage issues with insurance carriers, amount of insurance, and the solvency risk with respect to the Company's insurance carriers. Many of these factors are closely linked, such that a change in one variable or assumption will impact one or more of the others, and no single variable or assumption predominately influences the determination of the Company's asbestos-related liabilities and insurance-related assets. Furthermore, predictions with respect to these variables are subject to greater uncertainty in the later portion of the projection period. Other factors that may affect the Company's liability and cash payments for asbestos-related matters include uncertainties surrounding the litigation process from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and from case to case, reforms of state or federal tort legislation and the applicability of insurance policies among subsidiaries. As a result, actual liabilities or insurance recoveries could be significantly higher or lower than those recorded if assumptions used in the Company's calculations vary significantly from actual results.

Insurable Liabilities

The Company records liabilities for its workers' compensation, product, general and auto liabilities. The determination of these liabilities and related expenses is dependent on claims experience. For most of these liabilities, claims incurred but not yet reported are estimated by utilizing actuarial valuations based upon historical claims experience. At September 30, 20162018 and 2015,2017, the insurable liabilities totaled $473$417 million and $194$445 million, respectively, of which $70$95 million and $28$122 million was recorded within other current liabilities, $36$22 million and $25$22 million was recorded within accrued compensation and benefits, and $367$300 million and $141$301 million was recorded within other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position, respectively. The Company records receivables from third party insurers when recovery has been determined to be probable. The amount of such receivables recorded at September 30, 2018 was $26 million, of which $6 million was recorded within other current assets and $20 million was recorded within other noncurrent assets. The amount of such receivables recorded at September 30, 2017 was $46 million, of which $31 million was recorded within other current assets and $15 million was recorded within other noncurrent assets. The Company maintains captive insurance companies to manage certainits insurable liabilities.

Arbitration Award

In September 2017, the Company was subject to an unfavorable arbitration award of approximately $50 million relating to a contractual dispute with a subcontractor used by the Company at an airport construction project in Doha, Qatar. In connection with the unfavorable arbitration award, the Company recorded a charge of $50 million within selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of income in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017. The airport project is being managed by a steering committee. The Company and the subcontractor were working jointly to document claims for increased costs against the steering committee when the subcontractor initiated the arbitration proceeding against the Company. Pursuant to its arbitration proceeding against the Company, the subcontractor sought to recover costs it alleges it incurred due to project delays, additional work and related financing costs. The Company has filed annulment proceedings with respect to the arbitration award in the local court in Qatar. In October 2018, the annulment proceeding was dismissed by the court. While the award remains outstanding, a portion of the balance will accrue interest at a statutory rate of 9.56%.

In a related action, the Company has initiated an arbitration claim against the steering committee related to costs it incurred in connection with delays of the airport construction project, including costs related to the above award. The arbitrator is expected to issue a decision on the Company’s claims against the steering committee by the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2019.

Aqueous Film-Forming Foam ("AFFF") Litigation

Two of our subsidiaries, Chemguard, Inc. ("Chemguard") and Tyco Fire Products L.P. ("Tyco Fire Products"), have been named, along with other defendant manufacturers, in a number of class action and other lawsuits relating to the use of fire-fighting foam products by the U.S. Department of Defense (the "DOD") and others for fire suppression purposes and related training exercises. Plaintiffs generally allege that the firefighting foam products manufactured by defendants contain or break down into the chemicals perfluorooctane sulfonate ("PFOS") and perfluorooctanoic acid ("PFOA") and/or other per- and poly fluorinated ("PFAS") compounds and that the use of these products by others at various airbases, airports and other sites resulted in the release of these chemicals into the environment and ultimately into communities’ drinking water supplies neighboring those airports, airbases and other sites. PFOA, PFOS, and other PFAS compounds are being studied by the United States Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") and other environmental and health agencies and researchers. The EPA has not issued regulatory limits, however; while those studies continue, the EPA has issued a health advisory level for PFOA and PFOS in drinking water. Both PFOA and PFOS are types of synthetic chemical compounds that have been present in firefighting foam. However, both are also present in many existing consumer products. According to EPA, PFOA and PFOS have been used to make carpets, clothing, fabrics for furniture, paper packaging for food and other materials (e.g., cookware) that are resistant to water, grease or stains.

Plaintiffs generally seek compensatory damages, including damages for alleged personal injuries, medical monitoring, and alleged diminution in property values, and also seek punitive damages and injunctive relief to address remediation of the alleged contamination. The Company is named in 19 putative class actions in federal and state courts in six states as set forth below:
Colorado

District of Colorado - Bell et al. v. The 3M Company et al., filed September 18, 2016.
District of Colorado - Bell et al. v. The 3M Company et al., filed September 18, 2016.
District of Colorado - Davis et al. v. The 3M Company et al., filed September 22, 2016.

The above cases have been consolidated in the U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado, and a hearing on the plaintiffs’ motion for class certification is expected in 2018 with a trial date schedule for April 2019.

Delaware

District of Delaware - Anderson v. The 3M Company et al., filed May 18, 2018 in the United States District Court District of Delaware.
District of Delaware - Grubb v. The 3M Company et al., filed October 30, 2018 in the United States District Court District of Delaware.

Massachusetts

District of Massachusetts - Civitarese et al. v. The 3M Company et al., filed April 18, 2018 in the United States District Court of Massachusetts.


Washington

Eastern District of Washington - Ackerman et al. v. The 3M Company et al., filed April 5, 2018 in the United States District Court, Eastern District of Washington.

New York

Eastern District of New York - Green et al. v. The 3M Company et al., filed March 27, 2017 in Supreme Court of the State of New York, Suffolk County, prior to removal to federal court.
Southern District of New York - Adamo et al. v. The Port Authority of NY and NJ et al., filed August 11, 2017 in Supreme Court of the State of New York, Orange County, prior to removal to federal court.
Southern District of New York - Fogarty et al. v. The Port Authority of NY and NJ et al., filed August 11, 2017 in Supreme Court of the State of New York, Orange County, prior to removal to federal court.
Southern District of New York - Miller et al. v. The Port Authority of NY and NJ et al., filed August 11, 2017 in Supreme Court of the State of New York, Orange County, prior to removal to federal court.
Eastern District of New York - Singer et al. v. The 3M Company et al., filed October 10, 2017, in Supreme Court of the State of New York, Suffolk County, prior to removal to federal court.
Eastern District of New York - Shipman et al. v. The 3M Company et al., filed March 21, 2018, in Supreme Court of the State of New York, Suffolk County, prior to removal to federal court.
Eastern District of New York - Py et al. v. The 3M Company et al., filed April 26, 2018, in Supreme Court of the State of New York, Suffolk County, prior to removal to federal court.
Supreme Court of the State of New York, Dutchess County - County of Dutchess v. 3M Company et al. - filed October 12, 2018.

Pennsylvania

Eastern District of Pennsylvania - Bates et al. v. The 3M Company et al., filed September 15, 2016.
Eastern District of Pennsylvania - Grande et al. v. The 3M Company et al., filed October 13, 2016.
Eastern District of Pennsylvania - Yockey et al. v. The 3M Company et al., filed October 24, 2016.
Eastern District of Pennsylvania - Fearnley et al. v. The 3M Company et al., filed December 9, 2016.

The above cases have been consolidated in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The defendants' motion to dismiss the complaint in the consolidated proceeding was denied without prejudice and the cases are currently stayed pending the appeal of an action in which the Company is not a party.

In September of 2018, the Company filed a Petition for Multidistrict Litigation with the United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigationseeking to consolidate all existing and future federal cases into one jurisdiction. A hearing on this petition is set for November 29, 2018.

In June 2018, the State of New York filed a lawsuit in New York state court (State of New York v. 3M Co., No. 904029-18 (N.Y. Sup. Ct., Albany County)) against a number of manufacturers, including affiliates of the Company, with respect to alleged PFOS and PFOA contamination purportedly resulting from firefighting foams used at locations across New York, including Stewart Air National Guard Base in Newburgh and Gabreski Air National Guard Base in Southampton, Plattsburgh Air Force Base in Plattsburgh, Griffiss Air Force Base in Rome, and unspecified “other” sites throughout the State. The lawsuit seeks to recover costs and natural resource damages associated with contamination at these sites.

In addition, there are approximately 55 individual or “mass” actions pending in federal court in Colorado (41 cases), New York (4 cases) and Pennsylvania (10 cases) against Chemguard and Tyco Fire Products and other defendants in which the plaintiffs generally seek compensatory damages, including damages for alleged personal injuries, medical monitoring, and alleged diminution in property values. The cases involve approximately 7,000 plaintiffs in Colorado, approximately 126 plaintiffs in New York and 14 plaintiffs in Pennsylvania. The Company is also on notice of approximately 629 other possible individual product liability claims and 3 possible municipal claims by filings made in Pennsylvania state court, but complaints have not been filed in those matters, and, under Pennsylvania’s procedural rules, they may or may not result in lawsuits.

Chemguard and Tyco Fire Products are also defendants in three municipal cases pending in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts: Town of Barnstable v. the 3M. Co., et al, (filed Nov. 21, 2016), County of Barnstable v. the 3M. Co., et al, (filed January 9, 2017) and City of Westfield v. the 3M Co., et al., (filed on February 24, 2018), as well as two municipal cases pending in the Eastern District of New York: Suffolk County Water Auth. v. 3M Co. (filed November 30, 2017) and Hampton Bays Water Dist. v. 3M Co. (filed Feb. 21, 2018), one municipal case pending in the Southern District of New York: City of Newburgh v. United

States et al. (filed August 6, 2018), one municipal case pending in the Southern District of Ohio: City of Dayton v. The 3M Company et al. (filed October 3, 2018), one municipal case styled as a class action (discussed above) in the Supreme Court for the State of New York, Dutchess County: Dutchess County v. The 3M Company et al. (filed October 12, 2018), one municipal case pending in the Southern District of Florida, City of Stuart v. the 3M Company et al. (filed October 18, 2018), one municipal case filed in the Superior Court of the State of Arizona, County of Pima: City of Tuscon and Town of Marana v. The 3M Company et al. (filed November 8, 2018),one municipal case filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey: New Jersey-American Water Company, Inc. v. The 3M Company et al., (filed November 8, 2018),and one municipal case pending in the Northern District of Florida: Emerald Coast Utilities Auth. v. 3M Co. (filed June 22, 2018). These municipal plaintiffs generally allege that the use of the defendants’ fire-fighting foam products at fire training academies, municipal airports, Air National Guard bases, or Navy bases released PFOS and PFOA into public water supply wells, allegedly requiring remediation of public property. The defendants have filed motions to dismiss in County of Barnstable, City of Westfield, Suffolk County Water Authority, and Hampton Bays Water Authority.

In May 2018, the Company was also notified by the Widefield Water and Sanitation District in Colorado Springs, Colorado that it may assert claims regarding its remediation costs in connection with PFOS and PFOA contamination allegedly resulting from the use of those products at the Peterson Air Force Base. In addition, three water districts in Pennsylvania, Horsham Water and Sewer Authority, Warminster Municipal Authority, and Warrington Township have filed praecipes for summons against Chemguard and Tyco Fire Products and other AFFF manufacturers relating to alleged PFOS and PFOA contamination. These praecipes are not active suits, but have the effect of tolling the statute of limitations.

Other AFFF Matters

Tyco Fire Products, in coordination with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources ("WDNR") and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services ("DHS"), has been conducting an environmental assessment of its insurable liabilities.Fire Technology Center ("FTC") located in Marinette, Wisconsin and surrounding areas in the City of Marinette and Town of Peshtigo, Wisconsin. In connection with the assessment, PFOS and PFOA have been detected at the FTC and in groundwater and surface water outside of the boundaries of the FTC. Tyco Fire Products continues to investigate the extent of potential migration of these compounds and is working closely with WDNR and DHS to develop interim measures to remove these compounds from certain areas where they have been detected.
The Company is vigorously defending these cases and believes that it has meritorious defenses to class certification and the claims asserted. However, there are numerous factual and legal issues to be resolved in connection with these claims, and it is extremely difficult to predict the outcome or ultimate financial exposure, if any, represented by these matters, but there can be no assurance that any such exposure will not be material. The Company is also pursuing insurance coverage for these matters.
Other Matters

The Company is involved in various lawsuits, claims and proceedings incident to the operation of its businesses, including those pertaining to product liability, environmental, safety and health, intellectual property, employment, commercial and contractual matters, and various other casualty matters. Although the outcome of litigation cannot be predicted with certainty and some lawsuits, claims or proceedings may be disposed of unfavorably to us, it is management’s opinion that none of these will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Costs related to such matters were not material to the periods presented.

24.23.    RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into transactions with related parties, such as equity affiliates. Such transactions consist of facility management services, the sale or purchase of goods and other arrangements.

The net sales to and purchases from related parties included in the consolidated statements of income were $1.3 billion$958 million and $0.5 billion,$203 million, respectively, for fiscal 2016; $1.3 billion2018; $1,004 million and $0.4 billion,$195 million, respectively, for fiscal 2015;2017; and $1.2 billion$928 million and $0.4 billion,$184 million, respectively, for fiscal 2014.2016.

The following table sets forth the amount of accounts receivable due from and payable to related parties in the consolidated statements of financial position (in millions):

 September 30, September 30,
 2016 2015 2018 2017
        
Receivable from related parties $239
 $389
 $103
 $131
Payable to related parties 92
 285
 75
 50

The Company has also provided financial support to certain of its VIE's, see Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information.


25.24.    SUBSEQUENT EVENT

On October 31, 2016,November 13, 2018, the Company completedentered into a Stock and Asset Purchase Agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) with BCP Acquisitions LLC (“Purchaser”). The Purchaser is a newly-formed entity controlled by investment funds managed by Brookfield Capital Partners LLC. Pursuant to the spin-offPurchase Agreement, on the terms and subject to the conditions therein, the Company has agreed to sell, and Purchaser has agreed to acquire, the Company’s Power Solutions business for a purchase price of its Automotive Experience business$13.2 billion. Net cash proceeds are expected to be $11.4 billion after tax and transaction-related expenses. The transaction is expected to close by wayJune 30, 2019, subject to customary closing conditions and required regulatory approvals. The operating results of the transfer of the Automotive Experience Business from Johnson Controls to Adient plc and the issuance of ordinary shares of Adient directly to holders of Johnson Controls ordinary shares onPower Solutions business will be reported as a pro rata basis. Prior to the open of business on October 31, 2016, each of the Company's shareholders received one ordinary share of Adient plc for every 10 ordinary shares of Johnson Controls held as of the close of business on October 19, 2016, the record date for the distribution. Company shareholders received cash in lieu of fractional shares of Adient, if any. Following the separation and distribution, Adient plc is now an independent public company trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol "ADNT." The Company did not retain any equity interest in Adient plc.
Beginningdiscontinued operation beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2017, Adient’s historical financial results will be reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as a discontinued operation.2019.


JOHNSON CONTROLS INC.INTERNATIONAL PLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(In millions)
Year Ended September 30,2016 2015 2014
      
Accounts Receivable - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts     
Balance at beginning of period$82
 $72
 $68
Provision charged to costs and expenses62
 41
 50
Reserve adjustments(16) (15) (22)
Accounts charged off(26) (16) (19)
Acquisition of businesses92
 1
 1
Currency translation
 (1) (1)
Transfers to held for sale
 
 (5)
Balance at end of period$194
 $82
 $72
      
Deferred Tax Assets - Valuation Allowance     
Balance at beginning of period$1,256
 $1,285
 $1,172
Allowance provision for new operating and other loss carryforwards121
 23
 121
Allowance provision benefits(272) (52) (8)
Acquisition of businesses2,459
 
 
Balance at end of period$3,564
 $1,256
 $1,285

ITEM 9CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9ACONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluations, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective in recording, processing, summarizing, and reporting, on a timely basis, information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act, and that information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.


Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOther Matters

The Company’s managementCompany is responsible for establishinginvolved in various lawsuits, claims and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such termproceedings incident to the operation of its businesses, including those pertaining to product liability, environmental, safety and health, intellectual property, employment, commercial and contractual matters, and various other casualty matters. Although the outcome of litigation cannot be predicted with certainty and some lawsuits, claims or proceedings may be disposed of unfavorably to us, it is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). The Company’s management, with the participationmanagement’s opinion that none of these will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluatedfinancial position, results of operations or cash flows. Costs related to such matters were not material to the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s management has concluded that, as of September 30, 2016, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2016 as stated in its report which is included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K and is incorporated by reference herein.

Management has excluded the operations of the Tyco business from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2016 given that the acquisition date of Tyco was September 2, 2016. Tyco's combined total assets and total revenues excluded from our assessment represent approximately 44% and less than 2%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended September 30, 2016.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2016, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.presented.

ITEM 9BOTHER INFORMATION

None.23.    RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

PART IIIIn the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into transactions with related parties, such as equity affiliates. Such transactions consist of facility management services, the sale or purchase of goods and other arrangements.

The information required by Part III, Items 10, 11, 13net sales to and 14,purchases from related parties included in the consolidated statements of income were $958 million and certain of the information required by Item 12, is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement$203 million, respectively, for its 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (which we refer to as the fiscal 2016 Proxy Statement), dated2018; $1,004 million and to be filed with the SEC on or about January 20, 2017, as follows:$195 million, respectively, for fiscal 2017; and $928 million and $184 million, respectively, for fiscal 2016.

ITEM 10DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Incorporated by reference to the sections entitled "Q: Where can I find Corporate Governance materials for Johnson Controls?," "Proposal One: Election of Directors," "Corporate Governance," "Board and Committee Membership," "Audit Committee Report" and "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" of the fiscal 2016 Proxy Statement. Required information on executive officers of the Company appears at Part I, Item 4 of this report.

ITEM 11EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Incorporated by reference to the sections entitled "Corporate Governance," "Board and Committee Membership," "Compensation Committee Report," "Compensation Discussion and Analysis," "Director Compensation during Fiscal Year 2016," "Potential Payments and Benefits Upon Termination or Change of Control," and "Johnson Controls Share Ownership" of the fiscal 2016 Proxy Statement.

ITEM 12SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Incorporated by reference to the section entitled "Johnson Controls Share Ownership" of the fiscal 2016 Proxy Statement.


The following table provides information aboutsets forth the Company's equity compensation plans asamount of September 30, 2016accounts receivable due from and payable to related parties in the consolidated statements of financial position (in millions):

  (a) (b) (c)
  Number of Securities to be Issued upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column (a))
Plan Category      
Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders 22,332,233
 $32.07
 46,471,348
Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders 
 
 
Total 22,332,233
 $32.07
 46,471,348
  September 30,
  2018 2017
     
Receivable from related parties $103
 $131
Payable to related parties 75
 50

ITEM 13CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Incorporated by referenceThe Company has also provided financial support to the section entitled "Corporate Governance"certain of the fiscal 2016 Proxy Statement.

ITEM 14PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

Incorporated by reference to the section entitled "Audit Committee Report"its VIE's, see Note 1, "Summary of the fiscal 2016 Proxy Statement.


PART IV

ITEM 15EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Page in
Form 10-K
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Form 10-K:
(1) Financial Statements
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at September 30, 2016 and 2015
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014
(2) Financial Statement Schedule
For the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014:
(3) Exhibits
Reference is made to the separate exhibit index contained on pages 147 through 152 filed herewith.

All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.

Financial statements of 50% or less-owned companies have been omitted because the proportionate share of their profit before income taxes and total assets are individually less than 20% of the respective consolidated amounts, and investments in such companies are less than 20% of consolidated total assets. Refer to Note 20, "Non-Consolidated Partially-Owned Affiliates"Significant Accounting Policies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information.

24.    SUBSEQUENT EVENT

On November 13, 2018, the summarized financial data forCompany entered into a Stock and Asset Purchase Agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) with BCP Acquisitions LLC (“Purchaser”). The Purchaser is a newly-formed entity controlled by investment funds managed by Brookfield Capital Partners LLC. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, on the terms and subject to the conditions therein, the Company has agreed to sell, and Purchaser has agreed to acquire, the Company’s nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates.Power Solutions business for a purchase price of $13.2 billion. Net cash proceeds are expected to be $11.4 billion after tax and transaction-related expenses. The transaction is expected to close by June 30, 2019, subject to customary closing conditions and required regulatory approvals. The operating results of the Power Solutions business will be reported as a discontinued operation beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2019.


JOHNSON CONTROLS INTERNATIONAL PLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Other Matters

ForThe Company is involved in various lawsuits, claims and proceedings incident to the purposesoperation of complyingits businesses, including those pertaining to product liability, environmental, safety and health, intellectual property, employment, commercial and contractual matters, and various other casualty matters. Although the outcome of litigation cannot be predicted with certainty and some lawsuits, claims or proceedings may be disposed of unfavorably to us, it is management’s opinion that none of these will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Costs related to such matters were not material to the periods presented.

23.    RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into transactions with related parties, such as equity affiliates. Such transactions consist of facility management services, the sale or purchase of goods and other arrangements.

The net sales to and purchases from related parties included in the consolidated statements of income were $958 million and $203 million, respectively, for fiscal 2018; $1,004 million and $195 million, respectively, for fiscal 2017; and $928 million and $184 million, respectively, for fiscal 2016.

The following table sets forth the amount of accounts receivable due from and payable to related parties in the consolidated statements of financial position (in millions):

  September 30,
  2018 2017
     
Receivable from related parties $103
 $131
Payable to related parties 75
 50

The Company has also provided financial support to certain of its VIE's, see Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information.

24.    SUBSEQUENT EVENT

On November 13, 2018, the Company entered into a Stock and Asset Purchase Agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) with BCP Acquisitions LLC (“Purchaser”). The Purchaser is a newly-formed entity controlled by investment funds managed by Brookfield Capital Partners LLC. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, on the terms and subject to the conditions therein, the Company has agreed to sell, and Purchaser has agreed to acquire, the Company’s Power Solutions business for a purchase price of $13.2 billion. Net cash proceeds are expected to be $11.4 billion after tax and transaction-related expenses. The transaction is expected to close by June 30, 2019, subject to customary closing conditions and required regulatory approvals. The operating results of the Power Solutions business will be reported as a discontinued operation beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2019.


JOHNSON CONTROLS INTERNATIONAL PLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(In millions)
Year Ended September 30,2018 2017 2016
      
Accounts Receivable - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts     
Balance at beginning of period$182
 $173
 $70
Provision charged to costs and expenses40
 39
 45
Reserve adjustments(24) (9) (8)
Accounts charged off(21) (41) (25)
Acquisition of businesses
 18
 91
Currency translation
 2
 
Balance at end of period$177
 $182
 $173
      
Deferred Tax Assets - Valuation Allowance     
Balance at beginning of period$3,838
 $3,400
 $1,151
Allowance provision for new operating and other loss carryforwards1,665
 542
 121
Allowance provision benefits(308) (157) (331)
Acquisition of businesses
 53
 2,459
Balance at end of period$5,195
 $3,838
 $3,400

ITEM 9CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.


ITEM 9ACONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, with the amendments toparticipation of the rules governing Form S-8Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1933,1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) as of the undersigned registrant hereby undertakesend of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluations, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as follows,of the end of such period, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective in recording, processing, summarizing, and reporting, on a timely basis, information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act, and that information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s management has concluded that, as of September 30, 2018, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2018 as stated in its report which undertaking shall beis included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K and is incorporated by reference into registrant’s Registration Statementherein.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2018, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.


ITEM 9BOTHER INFORMATION

None.

PART III

In response to Part III, Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, parts of the Company’s definitive proxy statement (to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after Registrant’s fiscal year-end of September 30, 2018) for its annual meeting to be held on Post-Effective AmendmentMarch 6, 2019, are incorporated by reference in this Form S-810-K.

ITEM 10DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information relating to Form S-4 No. 333-210588directors and Registration Statementsnominees of Johnson Controls is set forth under the caption “Proposal Number One” in Johnson Controls’ proxy statement for its annual meeting of stockholders to be held on March 6, 2019 (the “Johnson Controls Proxy Statement”) and is incorporated by reference herein. Information about executive officers is included in Part I, Item 4 of this Annual Report on Form S-8 Nos. 333-213508, 333-200320, 333-185004, 333-107489, 333-11394310-K. The information required by Items 405, 407(c)(3), (d)(4) and 333-200314-02.(d)(5) of Regulation S-K is contained under the captions “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” “Governance of the Company  - Nomination of Directors and Board Diversity,” “Governance of the Company - Board Committees”, and “Committees of the Board - Audit Committee” of the Johnson Controls Proxy Statement and such information is incorporated by reference herein.

InsofarCode of Ethics



Johnson Controls has adopted a code of ethics for directors, officers (including the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) and employees, known as indemnification for liabilities arisingthe Code of Ethics. The Code of Ethics is available in the “Investors - Corporate Governance” section of its website at www.johnsoncontrols.com. The Company posts any amendments to or waivers of its Code of Ethics (to the extent applicable to the Company’s directors or executive officers) at the same location on the Company’s website. In addition, copies of the Code of Ethics may be obtained in print without charge upon written request by any stockholder to the office of the Company at One Albert Quay, Cork, Ireland.

ITEM 11EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by Item 402 of Regulation S-K is contained under the Securities Actcaptions “Compensation Discussion & Analysis” (excluding the information under the caption “Compensation Committee Report on Executive Compensation”), “Executive Compensation Tables” and “Compensation of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling personsNon-Employee Directors” of the registrant pursuant toJohnson Controls Proxy Statement. Such information is incorporated by reference.
The information required by Items 407(e)(4) and (e)(5) of Regulation S-K is contained under the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinioncaptions “Committees of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed inBoard - Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “Compensation Discussion & Analysis - Compensation Committee Report on Executive Compensation” of the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilitiesJohnson Controls Proxy Statement. Such information (other than the paymentCompensation Committee Report on Executive Compensation, which shall not be deemed to be “filed”) is incorporated by reference.


ITEM 12SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information in the registrantJohnson Controls Proxy Statement set forth under the caption "Security Ownership of expenses incurred or paidCertain Beneficial Owners and Management" is incorporated herein by a director, officer or controlling personreference.


The following table provides information about the Company's equity compensation plans as of September 30, 2018:
  (a) (b) (c)
  Number of Securities to be Issued upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column (a))
Plan Category      
Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders 17,836,062
 $34.24
 45,026,606
Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders 
 
 
Total 17,836,062
 $34.24
 45,026,606

ITEM 13CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information in the Johnson Controls Proxy Statement set forth under the captions “Committees of the registrantBoard,” “Governance of the Company - Director Independence,” and “Governance of the Company - Other Directorships, Conflicts and Related Party Transactions,” is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 14PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The information in the successful defenseJohnson Controls Proxy Statement set forth under “Proposal Number Two” related to the appointment of any action, suitauditors is incorporated herein by reference.


PART IV

ITEM 15EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Page in
Form 10-K
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Form 10-K:
(1) Financial Statements
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at September 30, 2018 and 2017
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016
(2) Financial Statement Schedule
For the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016:
(3) Exhibits
Reference is made to the separate exhibit index contained on pages 130 through 135 filed herewith.

All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, or proceeding)the required information is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unlessshown in the opinionfinancial statements or notes thereto.

Financial statements of its counsel50% or less-owned companies have been omitted because the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submitproportionate share of their profit before income taxes and total assets are individually less than 20% of the respective consolidated amounts, and investments in such companies are less than 20% of consolidated total assets. Refer to a courtNote 20, "Non-Consolidated Partially-Owned Affiliates" of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed innotes to consolidated financial statements for the Act and will be governed bysummarized financial data for the final adjudication of such issue.Company’s nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates.




ITEM 16FORM 10-K SUMMARY

Not applicable.



SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
JOHNSON CONTROLS INTERNATIONAL PLC
  
By/s/ Brian J. Stief
 Brian J. Stief
 
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
  
Date:November 23, 201620, 2018

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below as of November 23, 2016,20, 2018, by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated:

/s/ Alex A. MolinaroliGeorge R. Oliver
Alex A. MolinaroliGeorge R. Oliver
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
/s/ Brian J. Stief
Brian J. Stief
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
   
/s/ SuzanneRobert M. VincentVanHimbergen
SuzanneRobert M. VincentVanHimbergen
Vice President and Corporate Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
 
/s/ David P. AbneyJean Blackwell
David P. AbneyJean Blackwell
Director
/s/ Mike Daniels
Mike Daniels
Director
/s/ Roy Dunbar
Roy Dunbar
Director
/s/ Brian Duperreault
Brian Duperreault
Director
/s/ Gretchen R. Haggerty
Gretchen R. Haggerty
Director
   
/s/ Natalie A. BlackSimone Menne
Natalie A. BlackSimone Menne
Director
 
/s/ Mike Daniels
Mike Daniels
Juan Pablo del Valle Perochena
Juan Pablo del Valle Perochena
Director
   
/s/ Brian Duppereault
Brian Duppereault
Jürgen Tinggren
Jürgen Tinggren
Director
 
/s/ Jeffrey A. Joerres
Jeffrey A. Joerres
Mark P. Vergnano
Mark P. Vergnano
Director
   
/s/ Alex A. Molinaroli
Alex A. Molinaroli
David Yost
David Yost
Director
 
/s/ George R. OliverJohn D. Young
George R. OliverJohn D. Young
Director
   
/s/ Jürgen Tinggren
Jürgen Tinggren
Director
/s/ Juan Pablo del Valle Perochena
Juan Pablo del Valle Perochena
Director
/s/ Mark P. Vergnano
Mark P. Vergnano
Director
/s/ David Yost
David Yost
Director

Johnson Controls International plc
Index to Exhibits
 
(a)        (1) and (2) Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - See Item 8
(b)        Exhibit Index:
Exhibit Title
  
2.1 
  
2.2 

  
2.3 
  
3.1 
  
4.1 
  
4.2 
4.3Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 12, 2011, by and among Tyco International Finance S.A., as issuer, Johnson Controls International plc (formerly Tyco International Ltd.), as guarantor, and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee relating to the issuer's 3.75% notes due 2018 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 12, 2011)
4.4Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 12, 2011, by and among Tyco International Finance S.A., as issuer, Johnson Controls International plc (formerly Tyco International Ltd.), as guarantor, and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee relating to the issuer's 4.625% notes due 2023 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 12, 2011)
4.5Supplemental Indenture 2014-1 to the 2009 Indenture, dated as of November 17, 2014, among Johnson Controls International plc (formerly Tyco International Ltd.), Tyco International Finance S.A., Tyco Fire & Security Finance S.C.A. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 17, 2014)
4.6Indenture, dated as of February 25, 2015 (the "2015 Indenture"), among Tyco International Finance S.A., Johnson Controls International plc (formerly Tyco International plc), Tyco Fire & Security Finance S.C.A., and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas,National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Current Reportcurrent report on Form 8-K filed on February 25, 2015)December 28, 2016)
  
4.74.3 
4.8Second Supplemental Indenture to the 2015 Indenture, dated as of September 14, 2015, among Tyco International Finance S.A., Johnson Controls International plc (formerly Tyco International plc), Tyco Fire & Security Finance S.C.A., Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee related to the issuer’s 3.9% notes3.900% Notes due 2026, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 14, 2015)

Johnson Controls International plc
Index to Exhibits
ExhibitTitle
4.9Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 14, 2015, among Tyco International Finance S.A., Johnson Controls International plc (formerly Tyco International plc), Tyco Fire & Security Finance S.C.A., Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee relating to the issuer’sand 5.125% notesNotes due 2045 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed on September 14, 2015)December 28, 2016)
  
4.104.4
4.5
4.6
4.7 Miscellaneous long-term debt agreements and financing leases with banks and other creditors and debenture indentures.*
  


Johnson Controls International plc
Index to Exhibits
4.11
ExhibitTitle
4.8 Miscellaneous industrial development bond long-term debt issues and related loan agreements and leases.*
  
4.12Senior indenture, dated January 17, 2006, between Johnson Controls, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as successor trustee to JP Morgan Chase Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Johnson Controls, Inc. Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on February 24, 2009) (Commission File No. 1-5097)
4.13Supplemental Indenture No. 2, dated March 1, 2012, between Johnson Controls, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, relating to Johnson Controls, Inc.’s 2.355% Senior Notes due 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Johnson Controls, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 1, 2012) (Commission File No. 1-5097)
4.14Officer's Certificate, dated January 17, 2006, creating the 5.250% Fixed Rate Notes due 2011 (retired; no longer outstanding), the 5.500% Fixed Rate Notes due 2016 (retired; no longer outstanding ), and the 6.000% Fixed Rate Notes due 2036 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Johnson Controls, Inc. Form 8-K dated January 9, 2006) (Commission File No. 1-5097)
4.15Officers’ Certificate, dated December 2, 2011, establishing Johnson Controls, Inc.’s 2.600% Senior Notes due 2016, 3.750% Senior Notes due 2021 and 5.250% Senior Notes due 2041 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Johnson Controls, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 2, 2011) (Commission File No. 1-5097)
4.16Officers’ Certificate, dated March 9, 2010 creating Johnson Controls, Inc.’s 5.000% Senior Notes due 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Johnson Controls, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 10, 2010) (Commission File No. 1-5097)
4.17Officers’ Certificate, dated June 13, 2014, establishing Johnson Controls, Inc.’s 1.400% Senior Notes due 2017, 3.625% Senior Notes due 2024, 4.625% Senior Notes due 2044 and 4.950% Senior Notes due 2064 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Johnson Controls, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 13, 2014) (Commission File No. 1-5097)
4.18Officers’ Certificate, dated February 4, 2011, establishing Johnson Controls, Inc.’s Floating Rate Notes due 2014 (retired; no longer outstanding), 1.75% Senior Notes due 2014 (retired; no longer outstanding), 4.25% Senior Notes due 2021 and 5.70% Senior Notes due 2041 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Johnson Controls, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 7, 2011) (Commission File No. 1-5097)
 
10.1 
   
10.2 
10.3
10.4



Johnson Controls International plc
Index to Exhibits
ExhibitTitle
  
10.310.5 
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9

Johnson Controls International plc
Index to Exhibits
ExhibitTitle
   
10.410.10 
  
10.510.11 
  
10.610.12 
  
10.710.13 
  
10.810.14 
  
10.910.15 
  
10.1010.16 
  
10.1110.17 
  
10.1210.18 
  
10.1310.19 
  
10.1410.20 
  
10.1510.21 
Johnson Controls International plc 2000 Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 6, 2016)**
10.16
   


Johnson Controls International plc
Index to Exhibits
ExhibitTitle
10.1710.22 
   
10.18Tyco International Change in Control Severance Plan for Certain U.S. Officers and Executives (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 17, 2014) **
10.1910.23 
   

Johnson Controls International plc
Index to Exhibits

10.20
ExhibitTitle
10.24 
10.25
   
10.2110.26 
Johnson Controls, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan for Certain Directors, as amended and restated effective January 5, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Johnson Controls, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on February 2, 2016) (Commission File No. 1-5097)**
10.22
   
10.2310.27 
   
10.2410.28 
   
10.2510.29 
   
10.2610.30 
   
10.2710.31 
   
10.2810.32 
Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of January 24, 2016, by and between Johnson Controls International plc (formerly Tyco International plc) and George Oliver (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 27, 2016)**
10.29
Employment Offer Letter, dated as of September 1, 2016, between Johnson Controls International plc (formerly Tyco International plc) and Judith Reinsdorf (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 6, 2016)**
10.30
Global Assignment Letter between Johnson Controls, Inc. and Trent Nevill dated as of April 1, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Johnson Controls, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 29, 2016) (Commission File No. 1-5097)**
10.31
10.33
   
10.34
10.35
10.36



Johnson Controls International plc
Index to Exhibits

Exhibit  Title
  
10.3210.37 
Form of letter agreement amending certain provisions of the employment agreement between Johnson Controls, Inc. and Messrs. Stief, Jackson, Walicki, Nevill and Davis (filed herewith)**
10.33
   
10.3410.38 
10.39
10.40
10.41
10.42
10.43
   
10.3510.44 
   
10.3610.45 
   
10.3710.46 
   
10.3810.47 
   
10.3910.48 
Form of stock option award agreement for Johnson Controls, Inc. 2000 Stock Option Plan, as amended September 16, 2006, as in effect commencing October 2, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.CC to Johnson Controls, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2006 filed on December 5, 2006) (Commission File No. 1-5097)**
10.40
   
10.4110.49 

Johnson Controls International plc
Index to Exhibits

ExhibitTitle
10.53
   
10.4210.54 
   
10.4310.55 
   
10.4410.56 



Johnson Controls International plc
Index to Exhibits

10.4510.57 
   
12.110.58 Computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges for
   
18.118 
   
21.1 
   
23.1 
  
31.1 
  
31.2 
  
32.1 
  
101 
Financial statements from the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Johnson Controls International plc for the fiscal year ended September 30, 20162018 formatted in XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity Attributable to Johnson Controls Inc.Ordinary Shareholders and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (filed herewith)
*
These instruments are not being filed as exhibits herewith because none of the long-term debt instruments authorizes the issuance of debt in excess of 10% of the total assets of Johnson Controls Inc.International plc and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Johnson Controls Inc.International plc agrees to furnish a copy of each agreement to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
**Management contract or compensatory plan.


152135