Act filings concerning mineral resources and mineral reserves, in accordance with to Subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K. This section of Item 2 provides summary information about our overall portfolio of mining royalty properties.

Our mining leases do not require tenants to furnish technical report summaries that meet the requirements of Rule 1302, and the Company does not otherwise have access to the technical data required to determine precise amounts of each class of mineral resource or probable or proven resources. In accordance with Rule 1303(a)(3), the Company is providing all required information in its possession or which it can obtain without incurring an unreasonable burden or expense.

This table excludesThe Company periodically engages consultants to examine reserve estimates and geological studies conducted by tenants and their industry professionals.

Locations. The following map presents the Brooksville,locations of the Company’s mining properties, which are discussed by segment (as reported in the Company’s financial statements) below:

Mining Properties. The Company owns a fee simple interest in 14 open pit aggregates quarries located in Florida, property,Georgia and Virginia, which comprise approximately 4,280 acres, as it was transferred on October 4, 200616,650 total acres. The Company’s quarries are subject to a joint venturemining leases with various tenants, including Vulcan Materials, Martin Marietta, Cemex, Argos, and The Concrete Company. Aggregates consist of crushed stone, sand, gravel, fill dirt, limestone and calcium and are used primarily in construction applications.

Nine of the Company’s quarries (located in Grandin, FL, Fort Myers, FL, Keuka, FL, Newberry, FL, Astatula, FL, Columbus, GA, Macon, GA, Tyrone, GA, and Manassas, VA; totaling 13,876 acres) are currently being mined, and five of the Company’s quarries (located in Marion County, FL, Lake Louisa, FL, Astatula, FL and Lake Sand, FL and Forest Park, GA; totaling 2,778 acres) are leased but are not currently being mined. Our

typical mining lease requires the tenant to pay the Company (“Vulcan Materials” or “Vulcan”)a royalty based on the number of tons of mined materials sold from our mining property during a given fiscal year multiplied by a percentage of the average annual sales price per ton sold. In certain locations, typically where the reserves on the property have been depleted but the tenant still has a need for future development.the leased land, we collect a minimum annual rental amount. In the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, aggregate tons sold with respect to the Company’s mining properties were approximately 9,525,000, 7,575,000 and 8,206,000, respectively.

In May 2014, the Company entered into an amendment to our lease agreementwith Vulcan for our Ft.Fort Myers location requiring that the mining be accelerated and that the mining plan be conformed to accommodate the future construction of up to 105 residential dwelling units around the mined lakes. In return, the Company agreedgranted Lee County an option to sell Lee Countypurchase a right of way for a connector road that would benefit the residential area on our property and to place a conservation easement on part of the property. In Aprilproperty, which the County exercised in 2020. Mining activity commenced in 2017 following Lee County issuedCounty’s issuance of a Mine Operating Permit that permits mining activity to take place on land owned by the Company in Ft. Myers. This action fully entitled the property and allowedmine operating permit allowing Vulcan to begin production. Mining commenced in September 2017.

In November 2017, Lake County commissioners voted to approve a permit to Cemex to mine the Company’s land in Lake Louisa, Florida. The county issued the permit in July 2019. AfterCemex expects to begin mining after completing the work necessary to prepare this site to become an active sand mine.

Brooksville Joint Venture. Additionally, through a joint venture with Vulcan Materials, the Company owns a 50% interest in 4,280 acres of mixed-use property in Brooksville, Florida, a portion of which comprises a ground calcium mine that is mined by Vulcan Materials. The Company entered into the joint venture in 2006 for the purpose of jointly owning and developing the land as a mixed-use community. In April 2011, the Florida Department of Community Affairs issued its final order approving the development of the project consisting of 5,800 residential dwelling units and over 600,000 square feet of commercial and 850,000 of light industrial uses. Zoning for the project was approved by the County in August 2012. Vulcan Materials still mines on the property and the Company receives 100% of the royalty on all tons sold at the Brooksville property. In the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, aggregate tons sold were approximately 244,000, 280,000 and 285,000, respectively.

Other Properties. The Company also owns an additional 36 acres of investment property in Brooksville, Florida.

Development Segment – Warehouse/Office Land.

At December 31, 2022, this segment owned the following future development parcels:

Development Segment – Land Held for Investment or Sale.

At December 31, 2022, this segment was invested in the following development parcels:

accessible open spaces and a waterfront esplanade along the Anacostia River. The first phase (now known as Dock 79), which was completed through a joint venture with MRP Realty, and which consisted of a single building with residential and retail uses, became our fourth business segment in July 2017, now known as the Stabilized Joint Venture Segment. The second phase (now known as The Maren), also completed through a joint venture with MRP Realty and consists of a single building with residential and retail uses, was added to the Stabilized Joint Venture Segment effective March 31, 2021. The final two phases, Phase 3 and Phase 4 remain under a first-stage PUD approval expiring April 5, 2023, permitting 500,000 square feet of development.

buildings totaling 100,030-square-feet (inclusive of 27,950 retail), commenced in the fourth quarter of 2017 and was completed in January 2019. At December 31, 2022 Phase I was 50.7% leased and 48.0% occupied, the subsequent phases will follow as each phase is stabilized.

Stabilized Joint Venture Segment.

At December 31, 2022, this segment was invested in the following stabilized joint ventures:

Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

None.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

None.

PART II

Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

There were approximately 327 holders of record of FRP Holdings, Inc. common stock, $.10 par value, as of December 31, 2022. The Company's common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market (Symbol FRPH).

Price Range of Common Stock. Information concerning stock prices is included under the caption "Quarterly Results" on page 9 of the Company's 2022 Annual Report to Shareholders, and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Dividends. The Company has not paid a cash dividend in the past and it is the present policy of the Board of Directors not to pay cash dividends. Information concerning restrictions on the payment of cash dividends is included in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in the accompanying 2022 Annual Report to Shareholders, and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans. Information regarding securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is included in Item 12 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

(1) On February 4, 2015, the Board of Directors authorized management to expend up to $5,000,000 to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock from time to time as opportunities arise. On December 5, 2018, the Board of Directors approved a $10,000,000 increase in the Company’s stock repurchase authorization. On August 5, 2019, the Board of Directors approved a $10,000,000 increase in the Company’s stock repurchase authorization. On May 6, 2020, the Board of Directors approved a $10,000,000 increase in the Company’s stock repurchase authorization. On August 26, 2020, the Board of Directors approved a $10,000,000 increase in the Company’s stock repurchase authorization.

Item 6. [RESERVED]

Item 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION.

Information required in response to Item 7 is included under the caption "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation" on pages 10 through 21 of the Company’s 2022 Annual Report to Shareholders, and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 7.A QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Interest Rate Risk - We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes through our variable-rate borrowings under our Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo.

Under the Wells Fargo Credit Agreement, the applicable margin for borrowings at December 31, 2022 was Daily 1-Month LIBOR plus 1.0%. The applicable margin for such borrowings will be increased in the event that our debt to capitalization ratio as calculated under the Wells Fargo Credit Agreement Facility exceeds a target level.

The Company did not have any variable rate debt outstanding at December 31, 2022, so a sensitivity analysis was not performed to determine the impact of hypothetical changes in interest rates on the Company’s results of operations and cash flows.

For our debt instruments with variable interest rates, changes in interest rates affect the amount of interest expense incurred. The following table presents the principal cash flow payments associated with our outstanding debt by year, weighted average interest rates on debt outstanding each year-end, and fair value of total debt as of December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

Information required in response to this Item 8 is included under the caption "Quarterly Results" on page 9 and on pages 22 through 41 of the Company's 2022 Annual Report to Shareholders. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.

None.

Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

CONCLUSION REGARDING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and chief accounting officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such terms are defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer, our principal financial officer and our principal accounting officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report.

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over

financial reporting based on the framework in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on our evaluation under the framework in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013), our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022.

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Hancock Askew & Co., LLP, regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.

CHANGE IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

During the fourth quarter of 2022, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

INHERENT LIMITATIONS OVER INTERNAL CONTROLS

Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error and circumvention by collusion or overriding of controls. Accordingly, even an effective internal control system may not prevent or detect material misstatements on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.

None.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS.

Not applicable.

PART III

Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.

The Company has adopted a Financial Code of Ethical Conduct applicable to its principal executive officers, principal financial officers and principal accounting officers. A copy of this Financial Code of Ethical Conduct is filed as Exhibit 14 to this Form 10-K. The Financial Code of Ethical Conduct is also available on our web site at www.frpdev.com/investor-relations/corporate-governance/.

The rest of the information required in response to this Item 10 is included under the captions “Board of Directors & Corporate Governance”, “Our Executive Officers”, “Securities Ownership” in the Company's Proxy Statement, and such information is incorporated herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than March 31, 2023.

Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.

Information required in response to this Item 11 is included under the caption “Executive Compensation” in the Company's Proxy Statement, and such information is incorporated herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than March 31, 2023.

Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

performance share awards shown in table is $325,920. For illustrative purposes, the maximum payout of the performance share awards has been assumed, and the number of performance share awards has been calculated using our closing stock price on March 2, 2023 ($54.32). The performance share awards are subject to partial or complete forfeiture if the vesting criteria are not met. Because some or all of the performance share awards may not vest, and because the number of shares of restricted stock to be issued thereunder is dependent on future stock prices, columns (a) and (c) may overstate or understate expected dilution.

The remainder of the information required in response to this Item 12 is included under the captions “Securities Ownership” in the Company's Proxy Statement, and such information is incorporated herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than March 31, 2023.

Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.

Information required in response to this Item 13 is included under the captions “Related Party Transactions” and “Board of Directors & Corporate Governance” in the Company's Proxy Statement, and such information is incorporated herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than March 31, 2023.

Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.

Our independent registered accounting firm is Hancock Askew & Co., LLP, Jacksonville, Florida, Firm 794. Information required in response to this Item 14 is included under the captions “Proposal 2: The Auditor Proposal” in the Company’s Proxy Statement, and such information is incorporated herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than March 31, 2023.

PART IV

Item 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE.

(a) (1) Financial Statements.

The response to this item is submitted as a separate section. See Index to Financial Statements on page 26 of this Form 10-K.

(3) Exhibits.

The response to this item is submitted as a separate section. See Exhibit Index on pages 24 through 25 of this Form 10-K.

Item 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY.

None.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on March 22, 2023.

FRP HOLDINGS, INC.

FORM 10-K FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022

EXHIBIT INDEX

Item 15(a)(3)

FRP HOLDINGS, INC.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Item 15(a) (1) and 2))

All schedules have been omitted, as they are not required under the related instructions, are inapplicable, or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements.

Exhibit 23

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

FRP Holdings, Inc.

Jacksonville, Florida

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (No. 333- 125099, 333-131475 and 333-216025) of FRP Holdings, Inc. of our report dated March 22, 2023, relating to the consolidated financial statements which appear in the Annual Report to Shareholders incorporated by reference herein.

Respectfully submitted,

Hancock Askew & Co., LLP

Jacksonville, Florida

March 22, 2023

Annual Report 2022

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

Years ended December 31

(Amounts in thousands except per share amounts)

BUSINESS. FRP Holdings, Inc. is a holding company engaged in the real estate business, namely (i) leasing and management of commercial properties owned by the Company, (ii) leasing and management of mining royalty land owned by the Company, (iii) real property acquisition, entitlement, development and construction primarily for apartment, retail, warehouse, and office buildings either alone or through joint ventures, (iv) ownership, leasing and management of buildings through joint ventures. The Company’s operating subsidiaries are FRP Development Corp. and Florida Rock Properties, Inc.

STRATEGY. Our strategy consists of the re-deployment of cash from asset sales, real estate operations, and mining royalties, into new assets that allow management to exploit its knowledge and expertise. The asset classes of choice are mixed-use, industrial, raw land, existing buildings, and repeatable strategic partnerships located in core markets with growth potential. Emphasis will be placed on generating returns through opportunistic disposition, as well as cash-flow and long-term appreciation.

OBJECTIVE. We strive to improve shareholder value through (1) active engagement with properties and partners to grow asset value, (2) contributing our operating expertise and connections to maximize value and NOI growth, and (3) manage our capital structure in an efficient and responsible manner, with a watchful eye on projected future market conditions and trends to facilitate timely disposition of selected assets, (4) diligent, sustainable growth.

To Our Shareholders,

Time is a funny thing. The same summer day that seems to last forever to the boy, is more or less the blink of an eye to his father. A school year is an eternity to a student, and yet the same year for the teacher or the parent running carpool passes so quickly as to have almost ended moments after it began. The way time seemingly speeds up as one gets older is the basis of a theory that in terms of the way we perceive time, our lives are halfway over by the time we turn 18. Youth, maybe even more than we realized, is wasted on the young. That’s a pretty depressing thought. And yet it gives one heart that even though time appears to move faster and faster, a lot can still happen in a year. This Company had so much going on in 2022, that it is hard to fathom (what with time moving so fast) that we got it all done in just 365 days. In 2022, we made our first mining royalty acquisition in a decade with our purchase of the Bland Property in Astatula, Florida, which helped propel us to our largest revenue year ever for that segment. 2022 saw the stabilization and permanent financing of Riverside in Greenville, South Carolina, as well as the completion of construction on and lease-up of both .408 Jackson (also in Greenville) and The Verge in DC. In 2022, we added to our industrial development pipeline with the purchase of a new site in Cecil County, Maryland capable of supporting 900,000 square feet of industrial development, and we passed a major pre-development milestone with the unappealable annexation into Aberdeen, Maryland of our 54 acres adjacent to Cranberry Run Business Park on which we plan to build 690,000 square feet of industrial. This past year saw meaningful increases in revenue, operating profit, and pro-rata NOI across all segments with the highest pro-rata NOI total ever for Stabilized Joint Ventures (17.05% increase to $9.47 million vs $8.09 million in 2021), the highest NOI total for Mining Royalties (13.62% increase to $10.15 million vs $8.94 million in 2021), and the highest NOI total (39.22% increase to $2.67 million vs $1.92 million in 2021) for our Asset Management segment since the sale of our warehouse portfolio in 2018. Far and away the biggest news of 2022, however, was our announcement in the beginning of the fourth quarter of our agreement to partner with Steuart Investment Company (SIC) and MidAtlantic Realty Partners (MRP) in developing our collective properties in the Capitol Riverfront and Buzzard Point submarkets of Washington, DC. We’ve mentioned the details of this agreement a number of times, but it bears repeating—this partnership plans to build over three million square feet of mixed-use development comprising 3,000 residential units and 150,000 square feet of retail spread amongst 10 distinct multi-family projects (including Dock 79, The Maren, and The Verge) on or near the water. This deal took over two years of overtures, meetings, and negotiations to put in place, but the end result, in the words of Hamlet, “is a consummation devoutly to be wished.” It will take over a decade to realize, but when all is said and done, your Company will have a meaningful share of nearly every asset visible from the south entrance of the nation’s capital.

ASSET MANAGEMENT

The Asset Management segment, our industrial assets in particular, produced strong results in 2022. Increased occupancy and rent increases at our Cranberry Run Business Park as well as full occupancy at one of the two new spec buildings at Hollander accounted for a 43% increase in revenue over calendar year 2021 as well as a 39.22% increase in NOI. All seven of our industrial assets are 100% leased, and six of the seven industrial buildings in-service are 100% occupied with occupancy expected on the seventh in the first half of 2023. Looking forward, we have completed construction on a 101,750 square foot build-to-suit warehouse project and are awaiting the final certificate of occupancy and expect the tenant to move in some time in the first half of 2023. We have three other properties in our industrial development pipeline in various stages of predevelopment: 170 acres in Cecil County, Maryland, purchased in September 2022 and capable of supporting 900,000 square feet of industrial for which we are currently pursuing entitlements; 17 acres in Aberdeen, Maryland where we have submitted grading and building permit applications for 259,000 square-foot warehouse; and a 54 acre site adjacent to our Cranberry Run Business Park capable of 690,000 square feet of industrial which was just annexed into the town of Aberdeen, Maryland. Given the current state and recent performance of our industrial portfolio, management is excited to move forward with these projects in what has been, along with mining royalties, this Company’s “bread and butter.” With nearly 1,850,000 square feet of potential industrial in our development pipeline, when the dust settles on these projects, we will have expanded our existing industrial footprint by 358% to roughly 2.4 million square feet.

STABILIZED JOINT VENTURES

Stabilized Joint Ventures experienced a shot in the arm to begin the year as the District of Columbia finally lifted its emergency protocols and allowed for rent increases on renewals. Both properties benefitted from this return to free market economics. This year, 61.45% of expiring leases at The Maren renewed with an average increase in rent of 8.17%, and 61.40% of expiring leases renewed at Dock 79 with an average increase in rent of 5.91%. Increases seemed to pick

up steam over the course of the year, culminating in fourth quarter renewals of 42.31% of expiring leases at Dock 79 and 61.90% at The Maren, with an average rent increase on renewals of 8.89% and 11.14% respectively. This year we began to track “trade outs”—the increase in rent on a new lease when we were not able to renew an expiring one. In 2022, we saw an increase in rent on these trade outs of 7.4% at The Maren and 12.6% at Dock. Inflation certainly has something to do with the numbers you’re seeing here, but it also demonstrates the extent to which rents were held back by DC’s emergency protocols and just how far we had to push rents to get them back in line with what they should have been barring restrictions. Of course, the desirability of the assets in question had something to do with why we were able to attempt this in the first place. As mentioned previously, as part of the deal we reached in the fourth quarter with Steuart Investment Company, SIC is now a 20% partner in both Dock 79 and The Maren. SIC paid $65.3 million for their 20% stake, which places a $326.5 million combined valuation on Dock 79 and The Maren. Point being, we are excited about this new partnership and what it will build, but SIC’s investment in our Riverfront projects shows how excited it is about what we have already built. In the third quarter of 2022, we added Riverside, our joint venture with Woodfield Development in Greenville, South Carolina, to the Stabilized Joint Ventures Segment after it achieved stabilization (90% occupancy for 90 days). As mentioned previously, we were concurrently able to permanently finance this joint venture with a $32 million loan with a term of eight years at a fixed rate of 4.92%. This loan is interest-only for the first five years and has no prepayment penalty after the first three. Riverside achieved stabilization in what management believed was a remarkably short period of time (even accounting for how fast time passes for adults). Lease-up began in the third quarter of 2021 and we achieved stabilization in the third quarter of 2022. That and the fact that the building’s 200 units were 98% leased with 92.5% occupancy at year end speaks to the strength of the Greenville market and gives us confidence as we begin lease-up of .408 Jackson, our second joint venture with Woodfield in Greenville.

MINING ROYALTIES

2022 was a huge year for mining royalties. In the fourth quarter, the segment had its highest revenue quarter ever ($2.9 million), closing the books on its best year ever. Prior to 2022, mining royalties had never achieved $10 million in revenue in any fiscal year. In 2022, this segment had over $10 million in NOI. Surpassing the $10 million mark with $10.7 million in revenue, a 12.9% improvement over 2021, was primarily due to the acquisition of the Bland Property (adjacent to, and part of the same Vulcan sand plant as our existing land in Astatula, Florida). As you may recall, we purchased this property in April of 2022 for $11.6 million. This was the first property added to this segment since 2012 and only the second property we’ve purchased for mining royalties since 1986. It contains roughly 21.8 million tons in sand reserves on 1,500 acres and right now is our biggest royalty producing property by revenue. Looking into 2023, we are still confident in the underlying fundamentals of this business. Increased demand in 2022 made for meaningful price increases (Martin Marietta: 10.5% increase on average selling price over 2021, Vulcan Materials: 12.4% increase on average selling price in Q3 2022), and demand should remain strong in 2023 and beyond. Total federal highway spending is expected to be in the ballpark of $72 billion this year, and over $102 billion in highway, bridge, and tunnel projects were awarded in 2022, a 24% increase over the previous year. The Cornyn-Padilla amendment to the 2023 Congressional Appropriations Bill, now allows states to divert unused Covid relief funds for infrastructure projects. To that end, in June 2022, Florida released the largest budget in the history of the Florida Department of Transportation with over $12 billion in planned infrastructure investment over the course of five years. The boost in demand from the increase in infrastructure investments described above should translate into price increases and help continue to drive the bottom line in this segment.

It has been management’s goal for the last five years to put the proceeds of the asset sale to work in new projects. While we have continued to put money to work in the form of new investments, the goal of having a home for all our excess cash has eluded us. Naturally it follows that since our last major round of share buybacks in 2021, we have received a number of inquiries regarding our plans for returning at least part of the cash on our balance sheet to investors in the form of additional buybacks or dividends. If it was ever a consideration, the agreement with SIC and MRP has eliminated it. With the industrial and multifamily projects we have in front of us, it will take all of our current cash as well as future cash flow to be able to make the equity investments that we have laid out over the next decade plus while maintaining a reasonable capital cushion. It is true that we are not building everything at once, and in every proforma we have run, there is always a healthy amount of cash in the till. But as we grow and have multiple projects in various stages of development, we believe our cash is entirely too important as a capital cushion to risk what we’ve built by committing to dividends or further leveraging the Company through a meaningful buyback program. It is management’s position that dividends are for mature companies, not growing ones. And for the time being, we are definitely a growth company.

The near-term macroeconomic future is somewhat murky to say the very least. Inflation and economic growth play a daily tug-of-war with an increasingly schizophrenic market. While we are planning to grow, we are not going to be so committed to our current vision that it risks what has already been built. We have been very conservative in how we’ve grown the assets we own outright, and we have been just as careful in choosing partners in our joint ventures that share our same attitude of deliberate, considerate growth and investment. Whether a recession is around the corner, or the Fed can achieve a soft landing is important to us, but it will not make or break this Company or our ability to grow it. To borrow from Hamlet again, “There is a special providence in the fall of a sparrow. If it be now, ‘tis not to come; if it be not to come, it will be now; if it be not now, yet it will come. The readiness is all.” This Company—your Company—will be ready.

Respectfully yours,

John D. Baker II

C.E.O. and Executive Chairman

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain matters discussed in this report contain forward-looking statements, including without limitation relating to the Company's plans, strategies, objectives, expectations, intentions, capital expenditures, future liquidity, and plans and timetables for completion of pending development projects. The words or phrases “anticipate,” “estimate,” ”believe,” “budget,” “continue,” “could,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “seek,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “expect,” “objective,” “projection,” “forecast,” “goal,” “guidance,” “outlook,” “effort,” “target” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. The following factors and others discussed in the Company’s periodic reports and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission are among the principal factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements: levels of construction activity in the markets served by our mining properties; risk insurance markets; availability and terms of financing; competition; interest rates, inflation and general economic conditions; demand for warehouse/office facilities in the Baltimore-Washington-Northern Virginia area; demand for apartments in Washington D.C., Richmond, Virginia and Greenville, South Carolina; and ability to obtain zoning and entitlements necessary for property development. However, this list is not a complete statement of all potential risks or uncertainties.

These forward-looking statements are made as of the date hereof based on management’s current expectations, and the Company does not undertake an obligation to update such statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Additional information regarding these and other risk factors may be found in the Company’s other filings made from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

OPERATING PROPERTIES

The Company owns (predominately in fee simple but also through ownership of interests in joint ventures) approximately 21,000 acres of land in Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina, and the District of Columbia. This land is generally held by the Company in four distinct segments: (i) Asset Management Segment (land owned and operated as income producing rental properties in the form of commercial properties), (ii) Mining Royalty Lands Segment (land owned and leased to mining companies for royalties or rents), (iii) Development Segment (land owned and held for investment to be further developed for future income production or sales to third parties), and (iv) Stabilized Joint Venture Segment (ownership, leasing and management of buildings through joint ventures).

Asset Management Segment. As of December 31, 2022, the Asset Management Segment includes eight buildings at four commercial properties owned by the Company in fee simple as follows:

1) 34 Loveton Circle in suburban Baltimore County, Maryland consists of one office building totaling 33,708 square feet which is 95.1% occupied (16% of the space is occupied by the Company for use as our Baltimore headquarters). The property is subject to commercial leases with various tenants.

2) 155 E. 21^st Street in Duval County, Florida was an office building property that remains under lease through March 2026. We permitted the tenant to demolish all structures on the property during 2018.

3) Cranberry Run Business Park in Hartford County, Maryland consists of five office buildings totaling 267,737 square feet which are 100% occupied and 100% leased. The property is subject to commercial leases with various tenants.

4) Hollander 95 Business Park in Baltimore City, Maryland consists of two buildings totaling 145,590 square feet that were completed in the fourth quarter of 2021 and are 100.0% leased and 45.4% occupied.

Mining Royalty Lands Segment – Mining Properties. The Company owns a fee simple interest in 14 open pit aggregates quarries located in Florida, Georgia and Virginia, which comprise approximately 16,650 total acres. The Company’s quarries are subject to mining leases with various tenants, including Vulcan Materials, Martin Marietta, Cemex, Argos, and The Concrete Company. Aggregates consist of crushed stone, sand, gravel, fill dirt, limestone and calcium and are used primarily in construction applications.

Nine of the Company’s quarries (located in Grandin, FL, Fort Myers, FL, Keuka, FL, Newberry, FL, Astatula, FL, Columbus, GA, Macon, GA, Tyrone, GA, and Manassas, VA; totaling 13,876 acres) are currently being mined, and five of the Company’s quarries (located in Marion County, FL, Lake Louisa, FL, Astatula, FL, Lake Sand, FL and Forest

Park, GA; totaling 2,778 acres) are leased but are not currently being mined. Our typical mining lease requires the tenant to pay the Company a royalty based on the number of tons of mined materials sold from our mining property during a given fiscal year multiplied by a percentage of the average annual sales price per ton sold. In certain locations, typically where the reserves on the property have been depleted but the tenant still has a need for the leased land, we collect a minimum annual rental amount. In the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, aggregate tons sold with respect to the Company’s mining properties were approximately 9,525,000, 7,575,000 and 8,206,000, respectively.

In May 2014, the Company entered into an amendment to our lease with Vulcan for our Fort Myers location requiring that the mining be accelerated and that the mining plan be conformed to accommodate the future construction of up to 105 residential dwelling units around the mined lakes. In return, the Company granted Lee County an option to purchase a right of way for a connector road that would benefit the residential area on our property and to place a conservation easement on part of the property, which the County exercised in 2020. Mining activity commenced in 2017 following Lee County’s issuance of a mine operating permit allowing Vulcan to begin production.

In November 2017, Lake County commissioners voted to approve a permit to Cemex to mine the Company’s land in Lake Louisa, Florida. The county issued the permit in July 2019. Cemex expects to begin mining by early 2021.after completing the work necessary to prepare this site to become an active sand mine.

Mining Royalty Lands Segment - Brooksville Joint Venture.On October 4,In 2006, a subsidiary of the Company (Florida Rock Properties, Inc.) entered into a Joint Venture Agreementjoint venture agreement with Vulcan Materials Company to jointly own and develop approximately 4,280 acres of land near Brooksville, Florida as a mixed-use community. In April 2011, the Florida Department of Community Affairs issued its Final Orderfinal order approving the development of the Projectproject consisting of 5,800 residential dwelling units and over 600,000 square feet of commercial and 850,000 of light industrial uses. The Master Plan zoningZoning for the Projectproject was approved by the County in August 2012. Vulcan Materials still mines on the property and the Company receives 100% of the royalty on all tons sold at the Brooksville location.property. In 2019, 295,0002022, 244,000 tons were sold, and estimated reserves were 4,611,000 as of December 31, 2019. During 2017, the Company agreed to extend the mining lease on this property for an additional ten years, through the year 2032, in exchange for a requirement to increase production 100,000 tons by December 31, 2023.sold.

Mining Royalty Lands Segment - Other Properties. The segment also owns an additional 1,77536 acres of investment propertiesproperty in Gulf Hammock (approximately 1,600 acres currently listed for sale), Brooksville, and Polk County, Florida.

Development Segment – Warehouse/Office Land.

At December 31, 20192022, this segment owned the following future development parcels:

Development Segment – Land Held for Investment or Sale.

At December 31, 2022, this segment owned the following development parcels:

Phase 3 and Phase 4 remain under a first-stage PUD approval expiring April 5, 2023, permitting 500,000 square feet of development.

On August 24, 2015, in anticipation of commencing construction of the new Frederick Douglass bridge at a location immediately to the West of the existing bridge, the District of Columbia filed a Declaration of Taking for a total of 7,390 square feet of permanent easement and a 5,022-square-foot temporary construction easement on land along the western boundary of the land that will ultimately hold Phase III and IV. Previously, the Company and the District had conceptually agreed to a land swap with no compensation that would have permitted the proposed new bridge, including construction easements, to be on property wholly owned by the District. As a result, the Planned Unit Development was designed and ultimately approved by the Zoning Commission as if the land swap would occur once the District was ready to move forward with the new bridge construction. In September 2016 the Company received $1,115,400 as settlement for the easement. The Company will continue to seek an agreement from the District that the existing bridge easement will terminate when the new bridge has been placed in service and the existing bridge has been removed. The Company’s position is that otherwise Phase IV will be adversely impacted, and additional compensation or other relief will be due the Company.

Congress in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.

Stabilized Joint Venture Segment.

We renamedAt December 31, 2022, this segment from RiverFront onowned the Anacostia to the Stabilized Joint Venture segment as we intend to transfer additionalfollowing stabilized joint ventures from our Development segment into this segment as they reach stabilization.ventures:

In 2014, approximately 2.1 acres (Phase I) of the total 5.8-acres was contributed to a joint venture owned by the Company (77%) and our partner, MRP Realty (23%), and construction commenced in October 2014 on a 305-unit residential apartment building with approximately 18,000 sq. ft. of first floor retail space. Lease up

1)

Dock 79: In 2014, approximately 2.1 acres (Phase I) of the total 5.8-acres was contributed to a joint venture owned by the Company (77%) and our partner, MRP Realty (23%), and construction commenced in October 2014 on a 305-unit residential apartment building with approximately 14,430 square feet of first floor retail space. Lease-up commenced in May 2016 and rent stabilization of the residential units of 90% occupied was achieved in the third quarter of 2017. The attainment of stabilization resulted in a change of control for accounting purposes as the veto rights of the minority shareholder lapsed and the Company became the primary beneficiary. As such, beginning July 1, 2017, the Company consolidated the assets (at current fair value based on a third-party opinion), liabilities and operating results of the joint venture. This consolidation resulted in a gain on remeasurement of investment in real estate partnership of $60,196,000 of which $20,469,000 was attributed to the noncontrolling interest. The Company used the fair value amount to calculate adjusted ownership under the Conversion election. As such for financial reporting purposes effective July 1, 2017 the Company ownership is based upon this substantive profit-sharing arrangement and is 66.0% on a prospective basis. During fourth quarter 2022, as part of our new partnership with SIC and MRP, we sold a 20% interest in a tenancy-in-common of Dock 79 where FRP Holdings, Inc. is the majority partner with a 52.8% ownership.

Five Year Summary

(Amounts in thousands except per share amounts)

Quarterly Results (unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands except per share amounts)

(a) Earnings per share of common stock is computed independently for each quarter presented. The sum of the quarterly net earnings per share of common stock for a year may not equal the total for the year due to rounding differences.

(b) All prices represent high and low daily closing prices as reported by The Nasdaq Stock Market.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion includes a non-GAAP financial measure within the meaning of Regulation G promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission to supplement the financial results as reported in accordance with GAAP. The non-GAAP financial measure discussed is pro-rata net operating income (NOI). The Company uses this metric to analyze its continuing operations and to monitor, assess, and identify meaningful trends in its operating and financial performance. This measure is not, and should not be viewed as, a substitute for GAAP financial measures. Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measure” below in this annual report for a more detailed discussion, including reconciliations of this non-GAAP financial measure to its most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

Executive Overview

FRP Holdings, Inc. (“FRP” or the “Company”) is a real estate development, asset management and operating company businesses. Our properties are located in the Mid-Atlantic and southeastern United States and consist of:

Lands leased to mining companies, some of which will have second lives as development properties;

Residential apartments in Washington, D.C. and Greenville, South Carolina;

Warehouse or office properties in the Mid-Atlantic states either existing or under development;

Mixed-use properties under development in Washington, D.C. or Greenville, South Carolina; and

Properties held for sale.

We believe our present capital structure, liquidity and land provide us with years of opportunities to increase recurring revenue and long-term value for our shareholders. We intend to focus on our core business activity of real estate development, asset management and operations. We are developing a broad range of asset types that we believe will provide acceptable rates of return, grow recurring revenues and support future business. Capital commitments will be funded with cash proceeds from completed projects, existing cash, owned-land, partner capital and financing arrangements. We do not anticipate immediate benefits from investments. Timing of projects may be subject to delays caused by factors beyond our control.

Reportable Segments

We conduct primarily all of our business in the following four reportable segments: (1) asset management (2) mining royalty lands (3) development and (4) stabilized joint ventures. For more information regarding our reportable segments, see Note 10. Business Segments of our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

Highlights of 2022.

DC including sale of 20% ownership interest in tenancy-in-common (TIC) of Dock 79 and The Maren for $65.3 million, $44.5 million attributable to the Company.

Asset Management Segment.

The Asset Management segment owns, leases and manages commercial properties. These assets create revenue and cash flows through tenant rental payments, lease management fees and reimbursements for building operating costs. The Company’s industrial warehouses typically lease for terms ranging from 3 – 10 years often with 1 or 2 renewal options. All base rent revenue is recognized on a straight-lined basis. All of the commercial warehouse leases are triple net and common area maintenance costs (CAM Revenue) are billed monthly, and insurance and real estate taxes are billed annually. 34 Loveton is the only office product wherein all leases are full service therefore there is no CAM revenue. Office leases are also recognized on a straight-lined basis. The major cash outlays incurred in this segment are for operating expenses, real estate taxes, building repairs, lease commissions and other lease closing costs, construction of tenant improvements, capital to acquire existing operating buildings and closing costs related thereto and personnel costs of our property management team.

As of December 31, 2022, the Asset Management Segment includes eight buildings at four commercial properties owned by the Company in fee simple as follows:

1) 34 Loveton Circle in suburban Baltimore County, Maryland consists of one office building totaling 33,708 square feet which is 95.1% occupied (16% of the space is occupied by the Company for use as our Baltimore headquarters). The property is subject to commercial leases with various tenants.

2) 155 E. 21^st Street in Duval County, Florida was an office building property that remains under lease through March 2026. We permitted the tenant to demolish all structures on the property during 2018.

3) Cranberry Run Business Park in Hartford County, Maryland consists of five office buildings totaling 267,737 square feet which are 100% occupied and 100% leased. The property is subject to commercial leases with various tenants.

4) Hollander 95 Business Park in Baltimore City, Maryland consists of two buildings totaling 145,590 square feet that were completed in the fourth quarter of 2021and are 100.0% leased and 45.4% occupied.

Management focuses on several factors to measure our success on a comparative basis in this segment. The major factors we focus on are (1) net operating income growth, (2) growth in occupancy, (3) average annual occupancy rate (defined as the occupied square feet at the end of each month during a fiscal year divided by the number of months to date in that fiscal year as a percentage of the average number of square feet in the portfolio over that same time period), (4) tenant retention success rate (as a percentage of total square feet to be renewed), (5) building and refurbishing assets to meet Class A and Class B institutional grade classifications, and (6) reducing complexities and deferred capital expenditures to maximize sale price.

Mining Royalty Lands Segment.

Our Mining Royalty Lands segment owns several properties comprising approximately 16,650 acres currently under lease for mining rents or royalties (excluding the 4,280 acres owned by our Brooksville joint venture with Vulcan Materials). Other than one location in Virginia, all of these properties are located in Florida and Georgia. The Company leases land under long-term leases that grant the lessee the right to mine and sell reserves from our property in exchange for royalty payments. A typical lease has an option to extend the lease for additional terms. The typical lease in this segment requires the tenant to pay us a royalty based on the number of tons of mined materials sold from our property during a given fiscal year multiplied by a percentage of the average annual sales price per ton sold. As a result of this royalty payment structure, we do not bear the cost risks associated with the mining operations, however, we are subject to the cyclical nature of the construction markets in these states as both volumes and prices tend to fluctuate through those cycles. In certain locations, typically where the reserves on our property have been depleted but the tenant still has a need for the leased land, we collect a minimum annual rental amount. We believe strongly in the potential for future growth in construction in Florida, Georgia, and Virginia which would positively benefit our profitability in this segment. In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, a total of 9.5 million tons were mined.

The major expenses in this segment are comprised of collection and accounting for royalties, management’s oversight of the mining leases, land entitlement for post-mining uses and property taxes at our non-leased locations and at our Grandin location which, unlike our other leased mining locations, are not entirely paid by the tenant. As such, our costs in this business are very low as a percentage of revenue, are relatively stable and are not affected by increases in production at our locations. Our current mining tenants include Vulcan Materials, Martin Marietta, Cemex, Argos and The Concrete Company. 

Additionally, these locations provide us with opportunities for valuable “second lives” for these assets through proper land planning and entitlement.

Significant “2^nd life” Mining Lands: 

Development Segment.

Through our Development segment, we own and are continuously monitoring for their “highest and best use” several parcels of land that are in various stages of development. Our overall strategy in this segment is to convert all our non-income producing lands into income production through (i) an orderly process of constructing new commercial and residential buildings for us to own and operate or (ii) a sale to, or joint venture with, third parties. Additionally, our Development segment will purchase or form joint ventures on new developments of land not previously owned by the Company.

Revenues in this segment are generated predominately from land sales and interim property rents. The significant cash outlays incurred in this segment are for land acquisition costs, entitlement costs, property taxes, design and permitting, the personnel costs of our in-house management team and horizontal and vertical construction costs.

Development Segment – Warehouse/Office Land.

At December 31, 2022, this segment owned the following future development parcels:

We also have three properties that were either spun-off to us from Florida Rock Industries in 1986 or acquired by us from unrelated third parties. These properties, as a result of our “highest and best use” studies, are being prepared for income generation through sale or joint venture with third parties, and in certain cases we are leasing these properties on an interim basis for an income stream while we wait for the development market to mature.

Development Segment - Significant Investment Lands Inventory:

Development Segment - Investments in Joint Ventures

The third leg of our Development Segment consists of investments in joint venture for properties in development. The Company has investments in joint ventures, primarily with other real estate developers which are summarized below:

Joint ventures where FRP is not the primary beneficiary (including those in the Stabilized Joint Venture Segment) are reflected in the line “Investment in joint ventures” on the balance sheet and “Equity in loss of joint ventures” on the income statement. The following table summarizes the Company’s investments in unconsolidated joint ventures (in thousands):

The major classes of assets, liabilities and equity of the Company’s Investments in Joint Ventures as of December 31, 2022, are summarized in the following two tables (in thousands):

Stabilized Joint Venture Segment.

At year end, the segment included three stabilized joint ventures which own, lease and manage buildings. These assets create revenue and cash flows through tenant rental payments, and reimbursements for building operating costs. The Company’s residential spaces generally lease for 12 – 15-month lease terms and 90 days prior to the expiration, as long as there is no balance due, the tenant is offered a renewal. If no notice to move out or renew is made, then the leases go to month to month until notification of termination or renewal is received. Renewal terms are typically 9 – 12 months. From March 2020 through the end of 2021, we were prohibited from increasing rent on renewals by emergency measures in Washington, DC designed to ease the burden of the pandemic on its citizens. These measures expired at the end of 2021. The Company also leases retail spaces at apartment/mixed-use properties. The retail leases are typically 10 -15-year leases with options to renew for another 5 years. Retail leases at these properties also include percentage rents which average 3-6% of annual sales for the tenant that exceed a breakpoint stipulated by each individual lease. All base rent revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis. The major cash outlays incurred in this segment are for property taxes, full service maintenance, property management, utilities and marketing. The three stabilized joint venture properties are as follows:

COMPARATIVE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Consolidated Results