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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

Registrant's telephone number, including area code

 

Item 1. Business

General

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc. (“ELS”), a Maryland corporation, together with MHC Operating Limited Partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) and its other consolidated subsidiaries (the “Subsidiaries”), are referred to herein as “we,” “us,” and “our”. We are a fully integrated owner of lifestyle-oriented properties (“Properties”) consisting of property operations and home sales and rental operations primarily within manufactured home (“MH”) and recreational vehicle (“RV”) communities and marinas. We were formed in December 1992 to continue the property operations, business objectives and acquisition strategies of an entity that had owned and operated Properties since 1969. Commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 1993, we have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

We have a unique business model where we own the land which we lease to customers who own manufactured homes and cottages, RVs and/or boats either on a long-term or short-term basis. Our customers may lease individual developed areas (“Sites”) or enter into right-to-use contracts, also known as membership subscriptions, which provide them access to specific Properties for limited stays. Compared to other types of real estate companies, our business model is characterized by low maintenance costs and low customer turnover costs. Our portfolio is geographically diversified across highly desirable locations near retirement and vacation destinations and urban areas across the United States. We have more than 110 Properties with lake, river or ocean frontage and more than 120 Properties within 10 miles of the coastal United States. Our Properties generally attract retirees, vacationing families, second homeowners and first-time homebuyers by providing a community experience and a lower-cost home ownership alternative.

We are one of the nation's largest real estate networks with a portfolio of 444449 Properties (including joint venture Properties) consisting of 169,296171,248 Sites located throughout 35 states in the U.S. and British Columbia in Canada as of December 31, 2021.2022.

Our Properties are generally designed and improved for housing options of various sizes and layouts that are produced off-site by third-party manufacturers, installed and set on designated Sites within the Properties. Manufactured homes and cottages can range from approximately 400 to over 2,000 square feet. Properties may also have Sites that can accommodate RVs of varying sizes. We also have marinas that offer boat slip and dry storage rentals. In addition to centralized entrances, internal road systems and designated Sites, our Properties generally provide a clubhouse for social activities and recreation and other amenities, which can include swimming pools, shuffleboard courts, tennis courts, pickleball courts, golf courses, lawn bowling, restaurants, laundry facilities, cable television and internet service. Some Properties provide utilities, including water and sewer service, through municipal or regulated utilities, while others provide these services to customers from on-site facilities.

We recognize that our success is driven by our employees. We invest in our employees and are committed to developing our employees’ skills and leadership abilities. As a result, we believe our employees are dedicated to building strong, innovative and long-term relationships with each other and with our residents and guests.

We focusbelieve there continues to be opportunities for property acquisitions. Based on Properties thatindustry reports, we estimate there are approximately 50,000 MH properties and approximately 8,700 RV properties (excluding government owned properties) in North America and approximately 4,500 marinas in the U.S. Many of these properties are not operated by large owners/operators and approximately 3,800 of the MH properties, 1,300 of the RV properties and 500 of the marinas contain 200 sites or more. We believe this fragmentation provides us the opportunity to purchase additional properties. We also believe we have strong cash flows and plan to hold such Properties for long-term investment and capital appreciation. In determining cash flow potential, we evaluate our ability to attract high quality customersa competitive advantage in the acquisition of additional properties due to our Propertiesexperienced management, significant presence in major real estate markets and access to retain customers who take pridecapital resources. We utilize market information systems to identify and evaluate acquisition opportunities, including the use of a market database to review the primary economic indicators of the various locations in which we expect to expand our operations. We are actively seeking to acquire and at any given time are engaged in various stages of negotiations relating to the Propertypossible acquisition of additional properties, which may include outstanding contracts to acquire properties that are subject to the satisfactory completion of our due diligence review.

Acquisitions will be financed with the most efficient available sources of capital, which may include undistributed Funds from Operations (“FFO”), issuance of additional equity securities, including under our at-the-market (“ATM”) equity offering program, sales of investments and collateralized and uncollateralized borrowings, including our existing line of credit. In addition, we have acquired and expect to acquire properties in their homes. Our operating, investmenttransactions that include the issuance of OP Units as consideration for the acquired properties. We believe that an acquisition structure that includes our Operating Partnership has permitted and financing initiatives include:will permit us to acquire additional properties in transactions that may defer all or a portion of the sellers' tax consequences.

When investing capital, we consider all potential uses of the capital, including returning capital to our stockholders. Our Board of Directors periodically reviews the conditions under which we may repurchase our stock. These conditions include, but are not limited to, market price, balance sheet flexibility, other opportunities and may be subjectcapital requirements.

Acquisitions and Dispositions

We invest in properties in sought-after locations near retirement and vacation destinations and urban areas across the United States with a focus on delivering value for residents and guests as well as stockholders. Over the last decade, we have continued to increase the number of Properties in our portfolio (including joint venture Properties), from approximately 382383 Properties with over 141,000142,600 Sites to 444449 Properties with over 169,200171,200 Sites as of December 31, 2021.2022. During the year ended December 31, 2021,2022, we acquired 17 Properties (fivefour RV communities eleven marinas, and a parcel of land occupied by a portion of anone membership RV community) with 6,774 Sites.community and made investments in joint ventures owning one RV community and three properties under development. We also acquired three land parcels adjacent to certain Properties consisting of approximately 700143 developable acres. We continually review the Properties in our portfolio to ensure we are delivering on our business and customer service objectives. Over the last five years, we redeployed capital to Properties in markets we believe have greater long-term potential and sold five all-age MH communities located in Indiana and Michigan that were not aligned with our long-term goals.

We believe there continues to be opportunities for property acquisitions. Based on industry reports, we estimate there are approximately 50,000 MH properties and approximately 8,0008,700 RV properties (excluding government owned properties) in North America and approximately 4,500 marinas in the U.S. Many of these properties are not operated by large owners/operators and approximately 3,7003,800 of the MH properties, 1,1001,300 of the RV properties and 500 of the marinas contain 200 sites or more. We believe this relatively high degree of fragmentation provides us the opportunity to purchase additional properties. We also believe we have a competitive advantage in the acquisition of additional properties due to our experienced management, significant presence in major real estate markets and access to capital resources. We utilize market information systems to identify and evaluate acquisition opportunities, including the use of a market database to review the primary economic indicators of the various locations in which we expect to expand our operations. We are actively seeking to acquire and are engaged at any given time are engaged in various stages of negotiations relating to the possible acquisition of additional properties, which may include outstanding contracts to acquire properties that are subject to the satisfactory completion of our due diligence review.

Acquisitions will be financed fromwith the most efficient available sources of capital, which may include undistributed Funds from Operations (“FFO”), issuance of additional equity securities, including under our at-the-market (“ATM”) equity offering program, sales of investments and collateralized and uncollateralized borrowings, including our existing line of credit and issuance of debt securities.credit. In addition, we have acquired and expect to acquire properties in transactions that include the issuance of OP Units as consideration for the acquired properties. We believe that an acquisition structure that includes our Operating Partnership has permitted and will permit us to acquire additional properties in transactions that may defer all or a portion of the sellers' tax consequences.

When evaluating potential acquisitions, we consider, among others, the following factors:

When evaluating potential dispositions, we consider, among others, the following factors:

When investing capital, we consider all potential uses of the capital, including returning capital to our stockholders. Our Board of Directors periodically reviews the conditions under which we may repurchase our stock. These conditions include, but are not limited to, market price, balance sheet flexibility, other opportunities and capital requirements.

Property Expansions

ELS’ commitment to sustainability embracestakes a holistic approach which aims to support our business model, minimize our environmental impact, maintain a safe and healthy workplace and uphold a high standard of business ethics and conduct. We understand the value of continuing to focus on sustainable practices and the highest standard of business ethics and practices, as they are critical to our overall success and building long-term stakeholder value. With a dedicated Sustainabilitysustainability team, we are committed to incorporating ESG principles into our business operations in collaboration with heads of departments.department heads.

In 2019, we formed anOur Environmental, Social and Governance Taskforce (“ESG Taskforce”) to supportsupports our on-going commitment to environmental, social, governance and other public policy matters relevant to us (collectively “ESG Matters”). Led by the sustainability team and overseen by our Chief Operating Officer, the ESG Taskforce is comprised of a cross-functional team of employees from asset management, investor relations, compliance, communications, operations, marketing, risk management, financial reporting, legal and human resources.

The ESG Taskforce reports on ESG Matters to the Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors and senior management. The Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for the review of our ESG strategy, initiatives and policies. Additionally, the Audit Committee is responsible for the discussion and review of policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management, including, but not limited to, human rightscapital, climate, cyber security and other ESG risks. The Strategic Planning Committee further assists the Board in assessing ESG strategies. Quarterly committee meetings with the Board include educational briefings from management regarding a wide variety of strategic initiatives, including ESG-related matters.

At ELS, sustainability is at the core of Our Nature through Uniting People, Places & Purpose.

Our employees are fairly compensated, without regard to gender, race and ethnicity and routinely recognized for outstanding performance. Our compensation program is designed to attract and retain talent. All employees are supported with a strong training and development program and a well-rounded benefits plan to help them maintain their health and financial well-being. Employees are offered flexibility to meet personal and family needs. We encourage our employees to take time away from work to focus on their physical and mental well-being and offer a comprehensive benefit package includingthat includes five mental health and well-being days, for employees, paid parental and paid family leave programs that exceed minimum regulatory requirements back up child care services, pet insurance and paid volunteer time off. In addition, we offer a competitive 401(k) plan that provides for an employer match of up to 4% with 100% vesting of all contributions immediately upon eligibility and an Employee Stock Purchase Plan providing a 15% discount for all eligible employees.

At ELS, we are taking actionsteps to use resources efficientlyreduce our carbon footprint and reduce our impact on the environment. environment, including energy management, water management and waste management. Our environmental metrics consist primarily of the impact of our customers on our properties as well as ELS operational impacts. We have designed our strategy to reduce ELS’ impact and promote the benefits of our properties, while enabling our customers to share in this journey with us. Lloyd's Register Quality Assurance ("LRQA") was retained to provide independent assurance of our 2021 environmental metrics to a limited level of assurance and materiality in the professional judgment of LRQA. LRQA’s verification procedure is based on current best practice and is in accordance with ISAE 3000 and ISAE 3410.

We are committed to seeking opportunitiesmaintaining biodiversity across our portfolio and creating assets that are connected to expand the usetheir natural and local environments. ELS, in coordination with many local organizations, planted more than 4,000 trees on a 1.5-acre peninsula located within Colony Cove, a manufactured home community in Ellenton, FL, creating an environmentally beneficial microforest. Microforests are very dense plantings of renewable energy throughout our portfolio. Some of our Properties have on-site solar systems that reduce our greenhouse gas emissions, reduce electricity expensenative species and are a valued amenity we can offer our guests through RV covered storage areas. We are investing in efficient, innovative and smart technology and infrastructurepowerful way to enhance resident relations, simplify operations and ensure regulatory compliance. We continue to invest in our water and electric meter program to replace submeters with a real time automatic meter reading system to monitor usage and proactively identify water leaks and wasted energy. We are consistently improvinghelp improve the quality of our housing stock through the purchase of ENERGY STAR® certified homes, where available.urban environment and combat against climate change.

Whether we are working with customers or vendors, our actions are guided by a clear set of established principles. We havehold ourselves accountable for ethical business practices. All employees, management and our Board of Directors are expected to act with honesty, integrity, fairness and respect. To support this culture, all team members receive annual compliance training focused on compliant and ethical interactions with peers, residents, guests, vendors and others in our communities and offices.

Our Board of Directors recognizes that corporate governance is a developing and dynamic area warranting periodic review. Policies are in place and reviewed on an ESG policyannual basis to incorporate ESG considerations into our businesssupport this purpose. All publicly available policies are reviewed and a Human Rights and Labor Rights Statement that confirms our policies on the topics of Fair Labor Practices, Child Labor, Forced Labor and Human Trafficking, Health and Safety, Diversity and Inclusion and Ethical Conduct.approved by senior management. To help employees report potential misconduct, we have a confidential multi-lingual Alertline for reporting Ethics and Compliance concerns and a confidential hotline for all employees to report workplace health and safety concerns.

Leases or Usage Rights

At our Properties, a typical lease for the rental of a Site between us and the owner or renter of a home is month-to-month or for a one-year term, renewable upon the consent of both parties or, in some instances, as provided by statute. These leases are cancellable, depending on applicable law, for non-payment of rent, violation of Property rules and regulations or other specified defaults. Long-term leases are in effect at approximately 15,01010,228 Sites in 1125 of our MH Properties. Some of these leases are subject to rental rate increases based on the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”), in some instances allowing for pass-throughs of certain items such as real estate taxes, utility expenses and capital expenditures. Generally, adjustments to our rental rates, if appropriate, are made on an annual basis.

In Florida, which represents 38.3%38.2% of total sites and 44.0%44.3% of total property operating revenues, in connection with offering a Site in a MH community for rent, the MH community owner must deliver to the prospective resident a prospectus required by Florida Statutes Chapter 723.011, which must first be approved by the state's regulatory agency. The prospectus contains certain required disclosures regarding the community, the rights and obligations of the MH community owner and residents and a copy of the lease agreement. A prospectus may describe what factors the MH community owner can use to justify a rental rate increase and may contain limitations on the rights of the MH community to increase rental rates. However, in the absence of such limitations, the MH community owner may increase rental rates to market, subject to certain advance notice requirements and a statutory requirement that the rental increase and rental rates be reasonable. See further discussion below related to rent control legislation.

At Properties zoned for RV use, we have entered into agreements with residents who have usage rights on an annual basis and we have long-term relationships with many of our seasonal and transient residents and guests, who typically enter into short-term rental agreements. Generally, these residents and guests cannot live full time on these Properties for reasons including their seasonal nature. Many of them also leave deposits to reserve a Site for the following year.

Properties operated under the Thousand Trails brand are primarily utilized to serve subscription members. Available Sites within these Properties may also be utilized by non-members. A membership subscription grants the member access to these Properties on a continuous basis of up to 14 days in exchange for an annual payment. In addition, members are eligible to upgrade their subscriptions, which increase usage rights during the membership term. Each membership upgrade requires a non-refundable upfront payment, for which we offer financing options to eligible members. Most of the subscription contracts provide for an annual dues increase, usually based on increases in the CPI.

Regulations and Insurance

Industry

We believe that demand for manufactured housing, RV communities and marinas will continue to outpace supply in the near future. We expect much of this demand will continue to come from baby boomers, who may seek an active RV lifestyle or a permanent retirement or vacation establishment. In addition, we expect the exposure to Generation X, Millennials and Gen Z will contribute to the demand, as these groups focus on affordability, prefer housing quality over size and pursue unique experiences. We believe that our Properties and our business model provide an attractive destination for customers as they seek value in their housing and recreational options. Positive trends in categories such as customer demographics, the quality of manufactured housing construction and limited property supply, among others, fuel our belief that our Properties are well positioned for the future:

Available Information

We file reports electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy information and statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. We also maintain a website with information about us as well as our press releases, investor presentations and filings with the SEC at http://www.equitylifestyleproperties.com, which can be accessed free of charge. We intend to post material on our website from time to time that contains material non-public information. The posting of such information is intended to comply with our disclosure requirements under Regulation Fair Disclosure. Accordingly, in addition to following our SEC filings and public conference calls, we encourage investors, the media and others interested in us to review the business and financial information we post on our website. The information contained on our website, or available by hyperlink from our website, is not incorporated into this Form 10-K or other documents we file with, or furnish to, the SEC. Requests for copies of our filings with the SEC and other investor inquiries should be directed to:

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The following risk factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-K and presented elsewhere by our management from time to time. These risk factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that are currently not believed to be material may also affect our actual results.

The economic performance and value of our Properties could be adversely affected by various factors, many of which are outside of our control. These factors include but are not limited to the following:

Changes in or the occurrence of any of these factors could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, market price of our common stock and our ability to make expected distributions to our stockholders or result in claims, including, but not limited to, foreclosure by a lender in the event of our inability to service our debt.

Our success is dependent upon economic conditions in the U.S. generally and in the geographic areas where a substantial number of our Properties are located. As we have a large concentration of properties in certain markets, most notably Florida, California and Arizona,Northeast, which comprise 44.0%44.3%, 12.7%11.7% and 9.4%11.1%, respectively, of our total property operating revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021,2022, adverse market and economic conditions in these areas could significantly affect factors, such as occupancy and rental rates and could have a significant impact on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows

Certain of Our Properties, Primarily Our RV Communities and Marinas, are Subject to Seasonality and Cyclicality.

Some of our RV communities and marinas are used primarily by vacationers and campers. These Properties experience seasonal demand, which generally increases in the spring and summer months and decreases in the fall and winter months. As such, results for a certain quarter may not be indicative of the results of future quarters. In addition, since our RV communities and marinas are primarily used by vacationers and campers, economic cyclicality resulting in a downturn that affects discretionary spending and disposable income for leisure-time activities could adversely affect our cash flows.

Our Properties May Not Be Readily Adaptable to Other Uses.

Properties in our portfolio, including marinas and certain RV communities, are specific-use properties and may contain features or assets that have limited alternative uses. These Properties may also have distinct operational functions that involve specific procedures and training. If the operations of any of ourthose Properties becomebecomes unprofitable due to industry competition, operational execution or otherwise, then it may not be feasible to operate thethat Property for another use and the value of certain features or assets used at thethat Property, or the Property itself, may be impaired. Should any of these events occur, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely impacted.

Competition for Acquisitions May Result in Increased Prices for Properties and Associated Costs and Increased Costs of Financing.

Other real estate investors with significant capital may compete with us for attractive investment opportunities. Such competition could increase prices for Properties and result in increased fixed costs, including real estate taxes. To the extent we are unable to effectively compete or acquire properties on favorable terms, our ability to expand our business could be adversely affected.

New Acquisitions May Fail to Perform as Expected and the Intended Benefits May Not Be Realized, Which Could Have a Negative Impact on Our Operations and the Market Price of Our Common Stock.

We may continue to acquire Properties. However, newly acquired Properties may fail to perform as expected and could pose risks for our ongoing operations including the following:

As a result of the foregoing, we may not accurately estimate or identify all costs necessary to bring an acquired Property up to standards established for our intended market position. As such, we cannot provide assurance that any acquisition we make will be accretive to us in the near term or at all. Furthermore, if we fail to realize the intended benefits of an acquisition, the market price of our common stock could decline to the extent that the market price reflects those anticipated benefits.

Development and Expansion Properties May Fail to Perform as Expected and the Intended Benefits May Not Be Realized, Which Could Have a Negative Impact on Our Operations and the Market Price of Our Common Stock.

We may periodically consider development and expansion activities, which are subject to risks such as construction costs exceeding original estimates and construction and lease-up delays resulting in increased construction costs and lower than expected revenues. The construction and building industry, similar to many other industries, is experiencing worldwide supply chain disruptions due to a multitude of factors that are beyond our control. As a result, we may be unable to complete our

We Regularly Expend Capital to Maintain, Repair and Renovate Our Properties, Which Could Negatively Impact Our Financial Condition, Results of Operations and Cash Flows.

We may, or we may be required to, from time to time, make significant capital expenditures to maintain or enhance the competitiveness of our Properties, including infrastructure improvements. In addition, as most of our residents own their homes located in our Properties, the replacement, repairs and refurbishment of these homes may not be within our control. If our Properties are not as attractive to current and prospective customers as compared to the properties owned by our competitors, we could lose customers or suffer lower rental rates. However, thereThere is no assurance that any capital expenditure would result in higher occupancy or higher rental rates. In addition, the price of commodities and skilled labor for our construction projects may increase unpredictably due to external factors, including supply chain disruptions. It is uncertain whether we would be able to source the essential commodities, supplies, materials, and skilled labor timely or at all without incurring significant costs or delays, particularly during times of economic uncertainty resulting from events outside of our control, including, but not limited to, the effects of COVID-19. To the extent that the expenditures exceed our available cash, we may need to secure new financing.

Our Ability to Renew Ground Leases Could Adversely Affect Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

We own the buildings and leasehold improvements at certain Properties that are subject to long-term ground leases. For various reasons, landowners may not want to renew the ground lease agreements with similar terms and conditions, if at all, which could adversely impact our ability to operate these Properties and generate revenues. We have 1410 Properties in our portfolio subject to ground lease agreements for land, which we do not own. Four of the 14 Properties, which generated approximately $6.0 million of income from operations for the year ended December 31, 2021, are subject to ground lease agreements with a final expiration date before 2023. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 16. Commitment and Contingencies.land.

Our Ability to Sell or Rent Manufactured Homes Could Be Impaired, Resulting in Reduced Cash Flows.

Regulation of Chattel Financing May Affect Our Ability to Sell Homes.

Since 2010, the regulatory environment has made it difficult for purchasers of manufactured homes and RVs to obtain financing. The Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act requires community owners interested in providing financing for customer purchases of manufactured homes to register as mortgage loan originators in states where they engage in such financing. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act amended the Truth in Lending Act and other consumer protection laws by adding requirements for residential mortgage loans, including limitations on mortgage origination activities, restrictions on high-cost mortgages and new standards for appraisals. The law also requires lenders to make a reasonable investigation into a borrower's ability to repay a loan. These requirements make it more difficult for homeowners to obtain affordable financing to obtain loans to purchase manufactured housing or RVs. Homeowners' ability to obtain affordable financing could affect our ability to sell homes.

Our Investments in Joint Ventures Could Be Adversely Affected by Our Lack of Sole Decision-Making Authority Regarding Major Decisions, Our Reliance on Our Joint Venture Partners' Financial Condition, Any Disputes That May Arise Between Us and Our Joint Venture Partners and Our Exposure to Potential Losses From the Actions of Our Joint Venture Partners.

We have joint ventures with other investors. We currently and may continue to acquire properties or make investments in joint ventures with other persons or entities when we believe circumstances warrant the use of such structures. Joint venture investments involve risks not present with respect to our wholly owned Properties, including the following:

At times we have entered into agreements providing for joint and several liability with our partners. Frequently, we and our partners may each have the right to trigger a buy-sell arrangement, which could cause us to sell our interest, or acquire our partners' interest, at a time when we otherwise would not have initiated such a transaction. Any of these risks could materially and adversely affect our ability to generate and recognize attractive returns on our joint venture investments, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and distributions to our stockholders.

There is a Risk of Accidents, Injuries or Outbreaks Occurring at Our Properties Which May Negatively Impact Our Operations.

While we maintain and promote safety at our Properties, there are inherent risks associated with certain features, assets and activities at our communities. An accident, injury or outbreak at any of our communities, particularly an accident, injury or outbreak involving the safety of residents, guests and employees, may be associated with claims against us involving higher assertions of damages and/or higher public visibility. The occurrence of an accident, injury or outbreak at any of our communities could also cause damage to our brand or reputation, lead to loss of consumer confidence in us, reduce occupancy at our communities and negatively impact our results of operations.

Our Success Depends, in Part, on Our Ability to Attract and Retain Talented Employees.

Our ability to attract, retain and motivate talented employees could significantly impact our future performance. Competition for these individuals is intense and there is no assurance that we will retain our key officers and employees or that we will be able to attract and retain other highly qualified individuals in the future.

Our Business Operations are Dependent on the Effective Operation of Technology.

We rely on software and computer systems to process and store information required for our business operations. Additionally, with the outbreak of COVID-19, certain of our corporate and regional staff have been regularly working remotely, further increasing our dependence on technology to complete our business processes. Any disruption to these systems or to third-party vendors that maintain these systems could adversely affect our business operations. While we maintain and require our vendors to maintain appropriate back-up copies of our information, transitioning to a new system or vendor can be time-consuming and disruptive. Additionally, it is important for us to explore and evolve with new developments in technology to stay competitive. For example, our consumers rely on our technology platforms to make reservations; and therefore, these user interfaces must be understandable and easy to use. It may require investment of both time and expense to implement a new system or upgrade our existing technology. Interruptions to any of the above could lead to lost revenues, interruptions in our business operations and damage to our business reputation.

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted us and COVID-19, or the future outbreak of other highly infectious or contagious diseases,health crises could materially and adversely impact or disrupt our business, including our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Pandemics, epidemics, or other health crises, including COVID-19, hashave had and another pandemic could have significant repercussions across regional, national and global economies and financial markets and hasmarkets. These events have caused and could continue to trigger periods of regional, national and global economic slowdown or recessions. Manyin the future cause many U.S. cities and states, including cities and states where our offices and properties are located,

The COVID-19 pandemic or that there will not be lasting changes in consumer behavior as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic that may impact our business. See “Item 7. Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - COVID-19 Pandemic Update.”

The rapid development and fluidity of the circumstances resulting from COVID-19 precludes any prediction as to the ultimate adverse impact of COVID-19. Nevertheless, COVID-19, and we can provide no assurance that there will not be lasting changes in consumer behavior as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or other future pandemics andhealth crisis that may impact our business. To the current financial, economic and capital markets environment and future developments in these andextent a pandemic, epidemic or other areas present material uncertainty and risk with respect tohealth crisis adversely affects our performance, financial condition, volume of business, results of operations, and cash flows which could adversely affect our abilityand financial condition, it may also continue to make distributions.

Risks Relating to Governmental Regulation and Potential Litigation

Changes to Federal and State Laws and Regulations Could Adversely Affect Our Operations and the Market Price of Our Common Stock.

Our business operations are subject to certain federal and state laws and regulations including but not limited to the following:

Certain of our Properties are subject to state and local rent control regulations that dictate rent increases and our ability to recover increases in operating expenses and the costs of capital improvements. In addition, in certain jurisdictions, such regulations allow residents to sell their homes for a price that includes a premium above the intrinsic value of the homes. The premium represents the value of the future discounted rent-controlled rents, which is fully capitalized into the prices of the homes sold. In our view, such regulations result in a transfer to the residents of the value of our land, which would otherwise be

We also own Properties in certain areas of the country where rental rates at our Properties have not increased as fast as real estate values either because of locally imposed rent control or long term leases. In such areas, certain local government entities have at times investigated the possibility of seeking to take our Properties by eminent domain at values below the value of the underlying land. While no such eminent domain proceeding has been commenced and we anticipate exercising all of our rights in connection with any such proceeding, successful condemnation proceedings by municipalities could adversely affect our financial condition.

Resident groups have previously filed lawsuits against us seeking to limit rent increases and/or seeking large damage awards for our alleged failure to properly maintain certain Properties or other resident related matters. An adverse finding against us in any such proceeding could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and distributions to our stockholders.

Our Properties are subject to regulation under the federal Occupational, Safety and Health Act (“OSHA”), which requires employers to provide employees with an environment free from hazards, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress and unsanitary conditions. Although we believe that our Properties are in compliance in all material respects with applicable requirements, complying with OSHA and similar laws can be costly and any failure to comply with these regulations could result in penalties or potential litigation.

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), all public accommodations and commercial facilities must meet certain federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Although we believe that our Properties are in compliance in all material respects with applicable requirements, noncompliance with the ADA or related laws or regulations could result in the U.S. government imposing fines or private litigants being awarded damages against us. Such costs may adversely affect our ability to make distributions or payments to our investors. Compliance with the ADA requirements could involve removal of structural barriers to access or use by disabled persons. Other federal, state and local laws may require modifications to or restrict further renovations of our Properties with respect to such access or use.

Additionally, Title III of the ADA has been interpreted by the U.S. courts to include websites as “places of public accommodations”. For our websites to be ADA compliant, they must be accessible. While no laws have been passed related to website accessibility, the recognized de facto standard in the U.S. is the Web Content Accessibility Guideline. We may incur costs to make our websites ADA compliant or face litigation if they are not compliant.

Laws and Regulations Relating to Campground Membership Sales and Properties Could Adversely Affect the Value of Certain Properties and Our Cash Flows.

Many of the states in which we operate have laws regulating campground membership sales and properties. These laws generally require comprehensive disclosure to prospective purchasers and usually give purchasers the right to rescind their

In some states, including California, Oregon and Washington, laws place limitations on the ability of the owner of a campground property to close the property unless the customers at the property receive access to a comparable property. The impact of the rights of customers under these laws is uncertain and could adversely affect the availability or timing of sale opportunities or our ability to realize recoveries from Property sales.

Certain consumer rights and defenses that vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction may affect our portfolio of contracts receivable. Examples of such laws include state and federal consumer credit and truth-in-lending laws requiring the disclosure of finance charges and usury and retail installment sales laws regulating permissible finance charges.

Natural Disasters Could Adversely Affect the Value of Our Properties, Our Financial Condition, Results of Operations and Cash Flows.

Climate Change May Adversely Affect Our Business.

In addition, climate change could lead to transition risks such as changes in federal, state and local legislation and regulation, which may require increased capital expenditures at our Properties. Additionally, these capital expenditures may or may not result in lower on-going expenses or make an impact on the desirability of our Properties and our ability to attract high quality residents and guests. Any such losses, increases in costs or business interruptions could adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

Environmental and Utility-Related Problems are Possible and Can Be Costly.

Stakeholder Evaluations of ESG Matters May Impact Our Ability to Attract Investors and Could Have a Negative Impact on Our Reputation.

Our business is subject to risks normally associated with debt financing. The total principal amount of our outstanding indebtedness was approximately $3,303.1$3,416.1 million as of December 31, 2021,2022, of which $349.0$198.0 million, or 10.57%5.80%, is related to our line of credit and $73.8$92.5 million of secured debt, or 2.23%2.71%, matures in 2022.2023. Our substantial indebtedness and the cash flows associated with serving our indebtedness could have important consequences, including the risks that:

Lenders' demands on borrowers as to the quality of the collateral and related cash flows may make it challenging to secure financing on attractive terms or at all. Future marketMarket factors including increases in the U.S. federal reserve funds rate may result in an increase in market interest rates, which could increase the costs of refinancing existing indebtedness or obtaining new debt.

Additionally, future disruptions in capital and credit markets, including potential reforms to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, could impact both the capacity and liquidity of lenders, resulting in financing terms that are less attractive to us and/or the unavailability of certain types of debt financing. This could have an adverse effect on our ability to refinance maturing debt, and/or react to changing economic and business conditions.conditions or access capital necessary to fund business operations, including the acquisition or expansion of properties.

If a Property is mortgaged to secure payment of indebtedness and we are unable to meet mortgage payments, the mortgagee could foreclose on the Property, resulting in loss of income and asset value. The mortgages on our Properties contain customary negative covenants, which among other things limit our ability, without the prior consent of the lender, to further mortgage the Property and to discontinue insurance coverage. In addition, our unsecured credit facilities contain certain customary restrictions, requirements and other limitations on our ability to incur indebtedness, including total debt-to-assets ratios, debt service coverage ratios and minimum ratios of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt. Foreclosure on mortgaged Properties or an inability to refinance existing indebtedness would likely have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our debt-to-market-capitalization ratio (total debt as a percentage of total debt plus the market value of the outstanding common stock and OP Units held by parties other than us) was approximately 16.2%21.3% as of December 31, 2021.2022. The degree of leverage could have important consequences to stockholders, including an adverse effect on our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, development or other general corporate purposes and could make us more vulnerable to a downturn in business or the economy generally.

We May Be Able to Incur Substantially More Debt, Which Would Increase the Risks Associated With Our Substantial Leverage.

Despite our current indebtedness levels, we may still be able to incur substantially more debt in the future. If new debt is added to our current debt levels, an even greater portion of our cash flow will be needed to satisfy our debt service obligations. As a result, the related risks that we now face could intensify and increase the risk of a default on our indebtedness.

We May Be Adversely Affected By Changes in LIBOR Reporting Practices or the Method in Which LIBOR Is Determined.

On July 29, 2021, the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (“ARRC”) formally recommended that the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) is the rate that represents best practice as the alternative to USD-LIBOR for use in financial contracts that are currently indexed to USD-LIBOR. ARRC has proposed a market transition plan to SOFR from USD-LIBOR and organizations are currently working on industry wide and company specific transition plans as it relates to derivatives and cash markets exposed to USD-LIBOR. Our floating rate borrowings are indexed to USD-LIBOR and we are monitoring this activity and evaluating the related risks. Although the full impact of such reforms and actions, together with any transition away from LIBOR, including the potential or actual discontinuance of LIBOR publication, remains unclear, these changes could have a material adverse impact on the availability of financing, including LIBOR-based loans and as a result on our financing costs.

Provisions of Our Charter and Bylaws Could Inhibit Changes of Control.

Certain provisions of our charter and bylaws may delay or prevent a change of control or other transactions that could provide our stockholders with a premium over the then-prevailing market price of their common stock or future series of preferred stock, if any, which might otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders. These include the Ownership Limit

Maryland Law Imposes Certain Limitations on Changes of Control.

Certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law (“MGCL”) prohibit “business combinations” (including certain issuances of equity securities) with any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our outstanding common stock, or with an affiliate of ours, who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the owner of 10% or more of the voting power of our outstanding voting stock (an “Interested Stockholder”), or with an affiliate of an Interested Stockholder. These prohibitions last for five years after the most recent date on which the Interested Stockholder became an Interested Stockholder. After the five-year period, a business combination with an Interested Stockholder must be approved by two super-majority stockholder votes unless, among other conditions, our common stockholders receive a minimum price for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the Interested Stockholder for shares of our common stock. The Board of Directors has exempted from these provisions under Maryland law any business combination with Samuel Zell, who is Chairman of our Board of Directors, certain

Additionally, Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval and regardless of what is currently provided in our charter or bylaws, to elect to be subject to certain provisions relating to corporate governance that may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium to the market price of our common stock or otherwise be in our stockholders’ best interests. These provisions include a classified board; two-thirds vote to remove a director; that the number of directors may only be fixed by the Board of Directors; that vacancies on the board as a result of an increase in the size of the board or due to death, resignation or removal can only be filled by the board and the director appointed to fill the vacancy serves for the remainder of the full term of the class of director in which the vacancy occurred and a majority requirement for the calling by stockholders of special meetings. Through provisions in our charter and bylaws unrelated to Subtitle 8, we already (a) require a two-thirds vote for the removal of any director from the board and (b) vest in the board the exclusive power to fix the number of directorships provided that, if there is stock outstanding and so long as there are three or more stockholders, the number is not less than three. In the future, our Board of Directors may elect, without stockholder approval, to make us subject to the provisions of Subtitle 8 to which we are not currently subject.

Our Board of Directors has power to adopt, alter or repeal any provision of our bylaws or make new bylaws, provided, however, that our stockholders may, with certain exceptions, alter or repeal any provision of our bylaws and adopt new bylaws if any such alteration, repeal or adoption is approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter.

Changes in Our Investment and Financing Policies May Be Made Without Stockholder Approval.

Our investment and financing policies and our policies with respect to certain other activities, including our growth, debt, capitalization, distributions, REIT status and operating policies, are determined by our Board of Directors. Although our Board of Directors has no present intention to do so, these policies may be amended or revised from time to time at the discretion of our Board of Directors without notice to or a vote of our stockholders. Accordingly, stockholders may not have control over changes in our policies and changes in our policies may not fully serve the interests of all stockholders.

Certain stockholders could exercise influence in a manner inconsistent with stockholders' best interests. Mr. Zell and certain related entities, directly or indirectly, beneficially own shares of our common stock and OP Units as disclosed in our Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the 20222023 Annual Meeting incorporated by reference herein. Mr. Zell is the chairman of our Board of Directors. Accordingly, Mr. Zell has significant influence on our management and operation. Such influence could be exercised in a manner that is inconsistent with the interests of other stockholders. In addition, Mr. Zell and related entities continue to be involved in other investment activities. Mr. Zell and related entities have a broad and varied range of investment interests, including interests in other real estate investment companies that own other forms of housing, including multifamily housing. Mr. Zell and related entities may acquire interests in other companies. Mr. Zell may not be able to control whether any such company competes with us.

Risks Relating to Our Common Stock

We Depend on Our Subsidiaries' Dividends and Distributions.

Substantially all of our assets are owned indirectly by the Operating Partnership. As a result, we have no source of cash flows other than distributions from our Operating Partnership. For us to pay dividends to holders of our common stock, the Operating Partnership must first distribute cash to us. Before it can distribute the cash, our Operating Partnership must first satisfy its obligations to its creditors.

Market Interest Rates May Have an Effect on the Value of Our Common Stock.

One of the factors that investors consider important in deciding whether to buy or sell shares of a REIT is the distribution rates with respect to such shares (as a percentage of the price of such shares) relative to market interest rates. If market interest rates go up, prospective purchasers of REIT shares may expect a higher distribution rate. Higher interest rates would not, however, result in more of our funds to distribute and, in fact, would likely increase our borrowing costs and potentially decrease funds available for distribution. Thus, higher market interest rates could cause the market price of our publicly traded securities to go down.

Issuances or Sales of Our Common Stock May Be Dilutive.

Our Share Price Could Be Volatile and Could Decline, Resulting in A Substantial or Complete Loss on Our Stockholders’ Investment.

We list our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) and our common stock could experience significant price and volume fluctuations. Investors in our common stock may experience a decrease in the value of their shares, including decreases unrelated to our operating performance or prospects. The price of our common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a number of factors, including:

Many of the factors listed above are beyond our control. Those factors may cause the market price of our common stock to decline significantly, regardless of our financial condition, results of operations and prospects. It is impossible to provide any assurance that the market price of our common stock will not fall in the future and it may be difficult for holders to resell shares of our common stock at prices they find attractive, or at all. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their stock price. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources.

Risks Relating to REITs and Income Taxes

We are Dependent on External Sources of Capital.

To qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders each year at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain). In addition, we intend to distribute all or substantially all of our net income so that we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our earnings. Because of these distribution requirements, it is not likely that we will be able to fund all future capital needs, including acquisitions, from income from operations. We therefore will have to rely on third-party sources of debt and equity capital financing, which may or may not be available on favorable terms or at all. Our access to third-party sources of capital depends on a number of things, including conditions in the capital markets generally and the market's perception of our growth potential and our current and potential future earnings. It may be difficult for us to meet one or more of the requirements for qualification as a REIT, including but not limited to our distribution requirement. Moreover, additional equity offerings may result in substantial dilution of stockholders' interests and additional debt financing may substantially increase our leverage.

We Have a Stock Ownership Limit for REIT Tax Purposes.

To remain qualified as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares of capital stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the federal income tax laws applicable to REITs) at any time during the last half of any taxable year. To facilitate maintenance of our REIT qualification, our charter, subject to certain exceptions, prohibits Beneficial Ownership (as defined in our charter) by any single stockholder of more than 5% (in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of our outstanding capital stock. We refer to this as the “Ownership Limit”. Within certain limits, our charter permits the Board of Directors to increase the Ownership Limit with respect to any class or series of stock. The Board of Directors, upon receipt of a ruling from the IRS, opinion of counsel, or other evidence satisfactory to the Board of Directors and upon 15 days prior written notice of a proposed transfer which, if consummated, would result in the transferee owning shares in excess of the Ownership Limit, and upon such other conditions as the Board of Directors may direct, may exempt a stockholder from the Ownership Limit. Absent any such exemption, capital stock acquired or held in violation of the Ownership Limit will be transferred by operation of law to us as trustee for the benefit of the person to whom such capital stock is ultimately transferred and the stockholder's rights to distributions and to vote would terminate. Such stockholder would be entitled to receive, from the proceeds of any subsequent sale of the capital stock we transferred as trustee, the lesser of (i) the price paid for the capital stock or, if the owner did not pay for the capital stock (for example, in the case of a gift, devise or other such transaction), the market price of the capital stock on the date of the event causing the capital stock to be transferred to us as trustee or (ii) the amount realized from such sale. A transfer of capital stock may be void if it causes a person to violate the Ownership Limit. The Ownership Limit could delay or prevent a change in control of us and therefore, could adversely affect our stockholders' ability to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price for their common stock or adversely affect the best interest of our stockholders.

We believe we have been organized and operated in a manner so as to qualify for taxation as a REIT and we intend to continue to operate so as to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Our current and continuing qualification as a REIT depends on our ability to meet the various requirements imposed by the Code, which relate to organizational structure, distribution levels, diversity of stock ownership and certain restrictions with regard to owned assets and categories of income. If we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we are generally not subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income that is distributed to our stockholders. However, qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes is governed by highly technical and complex provisions of the Code for which there are only limited judicial or administrative interpretations. In connection with certain transactions, we have received, and relied upon, advice of counsel as to the impact of such transactions on our qualification as a REIT. Our qualification as a REIT requires analysis of various facts and circumstances that may not be entirely within our control and we cannot provide any assurance that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) will agree with our analysis or the analysis of our tax counsel. In particular, the proper U.S. federal income tax treatment of right-to-use membership contracts and rental income from certain short-term stays at RV communities is uncertain and there is no assurance that the IRS will agree with our treatment of such contracts or rental income. If the IRS were to disagree with our analysis or our tax counsel's analysis of various facts and circumstances, our ability to qualify as a REIT could be adversely affected.

In addition, legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions might significantly change the tax laws with respect to the requirements for qualification as a REIT or the U.S. federal income tax consequences of qualification as a REIT.

If, with respect to any taxable year, we failed to maintain our qualification as a REIT (and if specified relief provisions under the Code were not applicable to such disqualification), we would be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four

Furthermore, we own a direct interest in a subsidiary REIT and in the past we have owned interests in other subsidiary REITs, each of which elected to be taxed as REITs under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code. Provided that each subsidiary REIT that we own qualifies as a REIT, our interest in such subsidiary REIT will be treated as a qualifying real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests and any dividend income or gains derived by us from such subsidiary REIT will generally be treated as income that qualifies for purposes of the REIT gross income tests. To qualify as a REIT, the subsidiary REIT must independently satisfy all of the REIT qualification requirements. If such subsidiary REIT were to fail to qualify as a REIT and certain relief provisions did not apply, it would be treated as a regular taxable corporation and its income would be subject to U.S. federal income tax. In addition, a failure of the subsidiary REIT to qualify as a REIT could have an adverse effect on our ability to comply with the REIT income and asset tests and thus our ability to qualify as a REIT.

We May Pay Some Taxes, Reducing Cash Available for Stockholders.

Even if we qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may be subject to some U.S. federal, foreign, state and local taxes on our income and property. Since January 1, 2001, certain of our corporate subsidiaries have elected to be treated as “taxable REIT subsidiaries” for U.S. federal income tax purposes and are taxable as regular corporations and subject to certain limitations on intercompany transactions. If tax authorities determine that amounts paid by our taxable REIT subsidiaries to us are greater than what would be paid under similar arrangements among unrelated parties, we could be subject to a 100% penalty tax on the excess payments and ongoing intercompany arrangements could have to change, resulting in higher ongoing tax payments. To the extent we are required to pay U.S. federal, foreign, state or local taxes or U.S. federal penalty taxes due to existing laws or changes to them, we will have less cash available for distribution to our stockholders.

Dividends Payable by REITs Generally Do Not Qualify For the Reduced Tax Rates Available For Some Dividends, Which May Negatively Affect the Value of Our Shares.

Income from “qualified dividends” payable to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates are generally subject to tax at preferential rates, currently at a maximum federal rate of 20%. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income. Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the TCJA, however, U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates generally may deduct up to 20% of the ordinary dividends (e.g., dividends not designated as capital gain dividends or qualified dividend income) received from a REIT for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026. Although this deduction reduces the effective tax rate applicable to certain dividends paid by REITs (generally to 29.6% assuming the shareholder is subject to the 37% maximum rate), such tax rate is still higher than the tax rate applicable to corporate dividends that constitute qualified dividend income. Accordingly, investors who are individuals, trusts and estates may perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could materially and adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including the per share trading price of our common stock.

Partnership Tax Audit Rules Could Have a Material Adverse Effect on Us.

The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 changed the rules applicable to U.S. federal income tax audits of partnerships. Under the rules, effective for taxable years beginning in 2018, among other changes and subject to certain exceptions, any audit adjustment to items of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit of a partnership (and a partner's allocable share thereof) is determined and taxes, interest and penalties attributable thereto are assessed and collected, at the partnership level. Unless the partnership makes an election permitted under the new law or takes certain steps to require the partners to pay their tax on their allocable shares of the adjustment, it is possible that partnerships in which we directly or indirectly invest, including the Operating Partnership, would be required to pay additional taxes, interest and penalties as a result of an audit adjustment. We, as a direct or indirect partner of the Operating Partnership and other partnerships, could be required to bear the economic burden of those taxes, interest and penalties even though` the Company, as a REIT, may not otherwise have been required to pay additional corporate-level tax. The changes created by these rules are significant for collecting tax in partnership audits and accordingly, there can be no assurance that these rules will not have a material adverse effect on us.

The IRS, the United States Treasury Department and Congress frequently review U.S. federal income tax legislation, regulations and other guidance. We cannot predict whether, when or to what extent new U.S. federal tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will be adopted. Any legislative action may prospectively or retroactively modify our tax treatment and therefore, may adversely affect our taxation or our Company's shareholders. We urge you to consult with your tax advisor with respect to the status of legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in our stock. Although REITs generally receive certain tax advantages compared to entities taxed as “C” corporations, it is possible that future legislation would result in a REIT having fewer tax advantages and it could become more advantageous for a company that invests in real estate to elect to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a “C” corporation.

Some Potential Losses Are Not Covered by Insurance.

We carry comprehensive insurance coverage for losses resulting from property damage and environmental liability and business interruption claims on all of our Properties. In addition, we carry liability coverage for other activities not specifically related to property operations. These coverages include, but are not limited to, Directors & Officers liability, Employer Employment

Our current property and casualty insurance policies with respect to our MH and RV Properties, which we plan to renew, expire on April 1, 2022.2023. We increased our loss limit from $100 million tohave a $125 million per occurrence with respect to our MH and RV all-risk property insurance program including named windstorms, which include, for example, hurricanes. This loss limit is subject to additional sub-limits as set forth in the policy form, including, among others, a $25$30 million aggregate loss limit for earthquake(s) in California. The deductibles for this policy primarily range from $500,000 minimum to 5% per unit of insurance for most catastrophic events. For most catastrophic events, there is an additional one-time aggregate deductible of $2 million, which is capped at $1 million per occurrence. We have separate insurance policies with respect to our marina Properties. Those casualty policies, which were recently renewed, expire on November 1, 20222023 and the property insurance program, which we plan to renew, expires on April 1, 20222023 and has a $25 million per occurrence limit minimum deductible of $100,000.$100,000 plus, for named windstorms, 5% per unit of insurance subject to a $500,000 minimum. A deductible indicates our maximum exposure, subject to policy limits and sub-limits, in the event of a loss.

We Face Risks Relating to Cybersecurity Incidents and Privacy Laws.

Social Media Platforms Could Cause Us to Suffer Brand Damage or Information Leakage.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Item 2. Properties

General

Our Properties provide common area facilities and attractive amenities that create an inviting community for our residents and guests. These common area facilities generally include a clubhouse, a swimming pool, laundry facilities, cable television and internet service. Many Properties also offer additional amenities such as golf courses, tennis, pickleball, shuffleboard and basketball courts, sauna/whirlpool spas, exercise rooms and various social activities. It is our responsibility to provide maintenance of the common area facilities and amenities and to ensure that our residents and guests comply with our community policies, including maintaining their homes and the surrounding area. Most of our residents own their homes; and therefore, also have a vested interest to care for their homes. We hold regular meetings with management personnel at our Properties to understand and address the needs of our residents and guests and to provide necessary trainings. Our Properties historically have had, and we believe they will continue to have, low turnover and high occupancy rates.

Property Portfolio

As of December 31, 2021,2022, we owned or had an ownership interest in a portfolio of 444449 Properties located predominantly in the United States containing 169,296171,248 Sites. A total of 117114 of the Properties were encumbered by debt (see Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 9. Borrowing Arrangements). The distribution of our Properties reflects our belief that geographic diversification helps to insulate the total portfolio from regional economic influences. We intend to target new acquisitions in or near markets where our Properties are located and will also consider acquisitions of properties outside such markets.

Our two largest Properties as determined by property operating revenues, excluding deferrals, were Colony Cove, located in Ellenton, Florida and ViewPoint RV & Golf Resort, located in Mesa, Arizona. Each accounted for approximately 2.0% of our total property operating revenues, excluding deferrals, for the year ended December 31, 2021.2022.

The following table sets forth certain information relating to our 433435 wholly-owned Properties containing 166,479167,684 Sites as of December 31, 2021,2022, not including Properties owned through joint ventures. These Properties are categorized by major market. For RV and marina Properties, the total number of annual Sites represents Sites occupied by annual residents and are presented as 100% occupied. Annual Site occupancy percentage subtotals by market and grand total are presented on a weighted average basis.