UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

For the Fiscal Year EndedJune 30, 20172019

For the Transition Period From ________ to .________.

Commission File number001-34839

500 Sixth Avenue NW, New Prague, MN 56071

(Address of principal executive offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐Yes☐ No ☑

The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of December 31, 20162018 was approximately $18,767,000$34,846,000 based upon the closing price of the registrant’s common stock, as reported on the NYSE American, on such date.

There were 8,260,1678,440,851 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of September 1, 2017.August 26, 2019.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Definitive Proxy Statement for the registrant’s Fiscal 20182020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed within 120 days of June 30, 2017,2019, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Electromed, Inc.

Index to Annual Report on Form 10-K

INFORMATION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not statements of historical fact should be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the following:regarding: our business strategy, including our intended level of investment in research and development (“R&D”) and marketing activities; our expectations with respect to earnings, gross margins and sales growth, industry relationships, marketing strategies and international sales; estimated sizes of markets into which our products are or may be sold; our business strengths and competitive advantages; our plans and expectations with respectability to internationalgrow additional sales growth;distribution channels; our intent to retain any earnings for use in operations rather than paying dividends; our expectation that our products will continue to qualify for reimbursement and payment under government and private insurance programs; our intellectual property plans and practices; the expected impact of applicable regulations on our business; our beliefs about our manufacturing processes; our expectations and beliefs with respect to our employees and our relationships with them; our belief that our current facilities are adequate to support our growth plans; our expectations with respect to ongoing compliance with the terms of our credit facility; our expectations regarding the ongoing availability of credit and our ability to renew our line of credit; enhancements to our products and services; expected excise tax exemption for the expansion and availability of our SmartVest Connect technology;System; and our anticipated revenues, expenses, capital requirements and liquidity. Words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “goal,” “intend,” “may,” “ongoing,” “plan,” “potential,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions, including the negative of these terms, are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. Although we believe these forward-looking statements are reasonable, they involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those projected by such statements. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

This list of factors is not exhaustive, however, and these or other factors, many of which are outside of our control, could have a material adverse effect on us and our results of operations. Therefore, you should consider these risk factors with caution and form your own critical and independent conclusions about the likely effect of these risk factors on our future performance. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which the statements are made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement for any reason, even if new information becomes available or other events occur in the future. You should carefully review the disclosures and the risk factors described in this and other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements set forth herein.

PART I

Item 1.     Business.

Overview

Electromed, Inc. (“we,” “our,” “us,” “Electromed” or the “Company”) develops, manufactures, markets and sells innovative products that provide airway clearance therapy, including the SmartVest®SmartVest^® Airway Clearance System (“SmartVest System”) and related products, to patients with compromised pulmonary function with a commitment to excellence and compassionate service. Our goal is to make High Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation (“HFCWO”) treatments as effective, convenient, and comfortable as possible, so our patients in their homes, will adhere to their prescribed treatment schedule, leading tocan breathe easier and live better with improved airway clearance, enhanced respiratory function and reduced healthcare utilization. fewer exacerbations.

We employ a direct-to-patient and provider model, through which we obtain patient referrals from clinicians, manage insurance claims on behalf of our patients, and their clinicians, deliver our solutionsthe SmartVest System to patients, and traintraining them on proper use in their homes. This model allows us to directly approach patients and clinicians, whereby we disintermediate the traditional durable medical equipment (“DME”) channel and capture both the manufacturer and distributor margins. We also sell our products in the acute care setting for patients in a post-surgical or intensive care unit, or who were admitted for a lung infection brought on by compromised airway clearance. Electromed was incorporated in Minnesota in 1992. Our common stock is listed on the NYSE American (formerly the NYSE MKT) under the ticker symbol “ELMD.”

The SmartVest System features a programmable air pulse generator, a therapy garment worn over the upper body and a connecting hose, which together provide safe, comfortable, and effective airway clearance therapy. The SmartVest System generates HFCWO, also known as High Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation, a technique foran airway clearance therapy. The garment repeatedly compresses and releases the upper body at frequencies from 5 to 20 cycles per second creating a “mini cough.” Each compression (or oscillation) produces pulsations that thin and loosen secretions from the surfaces of the lung airways, propelling them toward the mouth where they can be removed by normal coughing or suction.

HFCWO facilitates airway clearance by loosening and mobilizing respiratory secretions in a patient’s lungs. One factor of respiratory health is the ability to clear secretions from airways. Impaired airway clearance, when mucus cannot be expectorated, may result in labored breathing and/or inflammatory and immune systems boosting mucus production that invites bacteria trapped in stagnant secretions to cause infections. Studies show that HFCWO therapy is as effective an airway clearance method for patients who have cystic fibrosis or other forms of compromised pulmonary function as traditional chest physical therapy (“CPT”) administered by a respiratory therapist. However, HFCWO can be self-administered, relieving a caregiver of participation in the therapy, and eliminating the attendant cost of an in-home care provider. We believe that HFCWO treatments are cost-effective primarily because they reduce a patient’s risk of respiratory infections and other secondary complications that are associated with impaired mucus transport and often result in costly hospital visits.visits and repeated antibiotic use.

The SmartVest System is designed for patient comfort and ease of use which promotes compliance withadherence to prescribed treatment schedules, leading to improved airway clearance, enhanced respiratory function andpatient outcomes, a reduction in healthcare utilization.utilization and quality of life. We offer a broad range of garments, referred to as vests and wraps, in sizes for children and adults that allow for tailored fit and function.fit. User-friendly controls allow children and the elderlypatients to administer their own daily therapy with minimal or no assistance. Our direct product support services provide patient and clinician education, training, and follow-up to ensure the product is integrated into each patient’s daily treatment regimen. Additionally, our reimbursement and billing departments assuredepartment assures we are working on behalf of the patient by processing their physician paperwork, providing clinical support as needed and billing Medicare or the applicable insurance provider on their behalf.provider. We believe that the advantages of the SmartVest System and the Company’s customer services to the patient include:

Our Products

Since 2000, we have marketed the SmartVest System and its predecessor products to patients suffering from bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, and neuromuscular conditions such as cerebral palsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Our products are primarily sold into the home health care market for patients with chronic lung issues, including bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis and neuromuscular disease. We also sell our products inthe acute care settings (e.g., hospitals and clinics) when the patient issetting for patients in a post-surgical or intensive care unit, or waswho were admitted for a lung infection brought on by compromised airway clearance. Accordingly, our sales points of contact include adult pulmonology clinics, cystic fibrosis centers, neuromuscular clinics pulmonary rehabilitation centers, hospitals and home health care centers.hospitals.

We have received clearance to market the SmartVest System from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) to market the SmartVest System to promote airway clearance and improve bronchial drainage. In addition, Electromed is certified to apply the Conformité Européenne (“European Conformity” or “CE”) marking for HFCWO device sales in all European Union countries and approved for HFCWO device sales in other, select international countries. The SmartVest System is available only with a physician’s prescription.

The SmartVest System is currently available in two models – SV2100 and SQL^® – both of which are sold into home care and hospital markets. We are in the process of phasing out the SmartVest SV2100 product but will support and service SV2100 pursuant to the product warranty.

As part of our growth strategies, we periodically evaluate opportunities involving products and services, especially those that may provide value to the respiratory homecare and institutional market.

The SmartVest SQL System

The SmartVest SQL System consists of an inflatable therapy garment, a programmable air pulse generator and a patented single-hose that delivers air pulses from the generator to the garment. The SmartVest SystemSQL is currently available in two models – SV2100 and SQL^® – both of which are sold into home care and institutional markets for use by patients and hospitals. Both models deliver the same clinically effective HFCWO therapy. Additionally, both systems are designed for maximum comfort and lifestyle convenience, so patients can readily fit HFCWO therapy into their daily routines:routines. The SmartVest SQL was designed significantly smaller, quieter, and lighter than its predecessor, and offers features that make it easier to use and enable greater patient freedom.

The SmartVest SQL System

We designed the SmartVest SQL with an array of features that make it easier to use and enable greater patient freedom as compared to the SmartVest SV2100. In addition to incorporating the unique benefits of the SV2100, the SmartVest SQL was designed to be significantly smaller, quieter, and lighter than its predecessor, and offers advanced generator programmability, including an enhanced pause feature with save, lock and restore functionality:

SmartVest Connect

In June 2017, we announced the launch oflaunched the SmartVest SQL with SmartVest Connect™Connect^® wireless technology, a personalized HFCWO therapy management portal for patients with compromised pulmonary function. The SmartVest SQL with wireless technology features built-in cellular connectivity, offering healthcare teams and patients access to treatment information to better collaborate in making patient-centered care decisions. SmartVest Connect is available to pediatric and cystic fibrosis patients, and targeted adult pulmonary clinics using a wirelessly enabled SmartVest SQL system. We expect to expandlaunch SmartVest Connect availability to targeted adult pulmonary clinics throughoutwith Bluetooth™ technology and supporting mobile applications in fiscal 2018.2020.

Other Products

We market the Single Patient Use (“SPU”) SmartVest and SmartVest Wrap^® to health care providers in the acute care setting. Hospitals issue the SPU SmartVest or SmartVest Wrap to an individual patient for managing airway clearance. Both SPU products provide full coverage oscillation and facilitate continuity of care because they introduce the patient to our product and may encourage use of the SmartVest System for home care, which can be provided to patients with a chronic condition upon discharge.

Distribution of the Aerobika^® Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure (“OPEP”) device, a drug-free, hand-held device with a proprietary pressure-oscillation dynamic that provided intermittent resistance and created positive pressure and oscillations simultaneously, in the U.S. home care market, which was effectuated through a distributor agreement with Monaghan Medical Corp., was discontinued in November 2018.

Our Market

We estimate the current total served U.S. market for HFCWO in the U.S. in 20162018 was approximately $140$180 million to $150$200 million. We believe our business model is supported by many market trends related to an aging population and growing awareness by physicians of diseases and conditions for which patients can benefit from using HFCWO therapy. Indications for when HFCWO shouldmay be prescribed are not specific to any one disease. A physician may elect to prescribe HFCWO when he or she believes the patient will benefit from improved airway clearance and external chest manipulation is the treatment of choice to enhance mucus transport and improve bronchial drainage.

The SmartVest System is prescribed for patients with bronchiectasis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”),cystic fibrosis, and neuromuscular conditions such as cerebral palsy cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, quadriplegia and ALS. We believe that bronchiectasis represents the combinationfastest growing diagnostic category and greatest potential for HFCWO growth in the United States. Bronchiectasis is an irreversible, chronic lung condition characterized by enlarged and permanently damaged bronchi. The condition is associated with recurrent lower respiratory infections, inflammation, reduction in pulmonary function, impaired respiratory secretion clearance, increased hospitalizations and medication use, and increased morbidity and mortality.

We are driven to make life’s important moments possible – one breath at a time by leading the HFCWO therapy market in clinical evidence that supports the therapeutic imperative of emphysemaclearing excess mucus from the lungs. Electromed is the only HFCWO therapy company with multiple published clinical outcome studies demonstrating a significant improvement in quality of life and chronic bronchitis commonly knownreduction in exacerbation rates, hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and antibiotic prescriptions in bronchiectasis patients using SmartVest.^1-4 Leading in clinical evidence to support SmartVest as a treatment for bronchiectasis patients will remain a focus in fiscal 2020.

We believe that bronchiectasis is under recognized and underdiagnosed but is experiencing a surge in clinical interest and awareness, including the relationship to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (“COPD”), commonly referred to as bronchiectasis COPD overlap syndrome (“BCOS”). The overlap of bronchiectasis and COPD increases exacerbations and hospitalizations, reduces pulmonary function, and increases mortality. Several recent studies have estimated patient populations in 2016prevalence of bronchiectasis, which we believe are helpful for diseases and conditions routinely prescribed HFCWO therapy are listed below.estimating a range of the market size.

The second, estimated that bronchiectasis is observed in 7% to 52% of patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.^2,3,4. Estimates of COPD prevalence vary considerably, suggesting that approximately 15.7 - 24 million people in the United States are affected by COPD. We believe that the conservative estimate is that approximately 7% of the total U.S. population diagnosed with asthma or COPD (15.7 million) may also have undiagnosed bronchiectasis or approximately 1.1 million people. The

These studies indicate a wide range of potential prevalence of bronchiectasis patients from these two clinical studies is estimateda low of 470,000 to be between 400,000 to 1.1 million. See Figure 2 below.

We believe that bronchiectasis represents the fastest growing diagnostic category and greatest potential for HFCWO growthas high as 4.2 million patients in the United States. We also believe that it is difficult to estimate from these studies which patients will need or benefit from HFCWO. The U.S. BRR indicated 15% of the patients included in the registry were prescribed HFCWO as part of their treatment plan. Using that study data, we estimate that, within the diagnosed Medicare population of 470,000, approximately 15% of total bronchiectasis Medicare patientsor 70,000 have been prescribed HFCWO. We believe that bronchiectasis is underdiagnosed in the U.S. based on clinical study evidence. We also believe that HFCWO therapy.

is under prescribed for bronchiectasis patients. By applying approximately 15% HFCWO penetration of diagnosed Medicare patients to the Weycker clinical study to the estimated 4.2 million prevalence of bronchiectasis in the U.S., we derived that the HFCWO opportunity may be 630,000 forecasted units. (See Figure 11).

 Estimated HFCWO Market Opportunity - Bronchiectasis Patients (U.S.) – Figure 1

¹Amy E. Seitz, MPH, et al. 2012.The heightened awareness of bronchiectasis speaks to the growing body of clinical evidence supporting treatments to improve symptoms and manage disease progression. In 2019, an observational comparative retrospective cohort study published inTrendsBMC Pulmonary Medicineevaluated the efficacy of a treatment algorithm in Bronchiectasis-Among Medicare Beneficiaries65 patients with radiographic and symptom confirmed bronchiectasis, centered on initiation of HFCWO therapy with the SmartVest System.⁴ Patients were treated per the algorithm if they reported greater than two exacerbations in the United States, 2000 to 2007.CHEST. 142(2): 432-439.previous year and symptoms, including chronic cough, sputum production, or dyspnea. Results show that at one-year: exacerbations requiring hospitalization and antibiotic use were significantly reduced, and mean FEV₁ remained stable post enrollment, suggesting early initiation of HFCWO therapy may slow the otherwise normal progression of the disease.

¹Sievert C, et al. Using High Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation in a Bronchiectasis Patient Population: An Outcomes-Based Case Review.Respiratory Therapy Journal. 2016;11(4): 34–38.

²Sievert C, et al. Cost-Effective Analysis of Using High Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation (HFCWO) in Patients with Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis.Respiratory Therapy Journal. 2017;12(1): 45–49.

³Sievert C, et al. Incidence of Bronchiectasis-Related Exacerbation Rates After High Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation (HFCWO) Treatment — A Longitudinal Outcome-Based Study.Respiratory Therapy Journal. 2018;13(2): 38–41.

⁴Powner J, et al. Employment of an algorithm of care including chest physiotherapy results in reduced hospitalizations and stability of lung function in bronchiectasis.BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 2019;19(82).

⁵Aksamit T, et al. Bronchiectasis Research Registry C. Adult Patients With Bronchiectasis: A First Look at the US Bronchiectasis Research Registry.Chest. 2017;151:982-92.

⁶Patel IS, Vlahos I, Wilkinson TM,I.S., et al. Bronchiectasis, exacerbation indices, and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170(4):400-407. 10.1164/rccm.200305-648OC170:400-7.

³⁷Gono H, Fujimoto K, Kawakami S,O’Brien C, et al. EvaluationPhysiological and radiological characterisation of airway wall thickness and air trapping by HRCTpatients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in asymptomatic asthma. Eur Respir J 2003;22(6):965-971.primary care.Thorax. 2000;55:635-42.

⁴⁸Martınez-Garcıa MA,Bafadhel M, et al. Prognostic ValueThe role of BronchiectasisCT scanning in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; Vol 187, Iss. 8, pp 823–831.multidimensional phenotyping of COPD.Chest. 2011;140:634-42.

⁹Chalmers J. and Sethi S. Raising awareness of bronchiectasis in primary care: overview of diagnosis and management strategies in adults.NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2017;27:18.

Figure 2¹⁰Seitz A, et al. Trends in Bronchiectasis Among Medicare Beneficiaries in the United States, 2000 to 2007.Chest. 2012;142(2), 432–439.

 ¹¹Weycker D, Hansen G, Seifer F. Prevalence and incidence of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis among US adults in 2013.Chronic Respiratory Disease. 2017; 14(4):377-384.

Marketing, Sales and Distribution

Our sales and marketing efforts are focused on building market awareness and acceptance of our products and services with physicians, clinicians, patients, and third-party payers. Because the sale of the SmartVest System requires a physician’s prescription, we market to physicians and health care providers as well as directly to patients. The vast majority of our revenue comes from domestic home care sales through a physician referral model. We have established our own domestic sales force, which we believe is able to provide superior education, support and training to our customers. Our direct U.S. sales force works with physicians and clinicians, primarily pulmonologists, in defined territories to help them understand our products and services and the value they provide to their respective patients. As of June 30, 2017,2019, we had 40 field sales employees, including threefour regional sales managers, 3634 clinical area managers (“CAMs”) and onetwo clinical educator.educators. We also have developed a network of more thanapproximately 250 respiratory therapists and health care professionals across the U.S. to assist with in-home SmartVest patient training on a non-exclusive independent contractor basis. These independent contractors are credentialed by the National Board for Respiratory Care as either Certified Respiratory Therapists or Registered Respiratory Therapists.

Of the $25.1$30.6 million of our revenue derived from the U.S. in our fiscal 2017,year ended June 30, 2019 (“fiscal 2019”), approximately 93%95% represented home care and 7%5% represented institutionalhospital sales. Due to readmission penalties associated with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as reconciled by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively the “PPACA”), for certain diseases and conditions including COPD and pneumonia, we believe opportunities for further growth exist for HFCWO therapy because the device used by a patient in an institutiona hospital may influence the choice of device prescribed at discharge. We expect to achieve future sales, earnings, and overall market share growth bywith increasing home care referrals throughby educating and building awareness of the choicediseases and conditions that may benefit from HFCWO, like bronchiectasis, with physicians and patients and clinicians havethe value of HFCWO devices.the SmartVest System’s differentiated features and benefits.

We generate sales leads through multiple channels that include visits to pulmonology clinics and medical centers, participation in medical conferences, maintenance of industry contacts in order to increase the visibility and acceptance of our products by physicians and health care professionals, participation with patient organizations such as the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, direct mailings, as well as through patients by word of mouth and traffic to our website.website and social media channels. We continue to evaluate opportunities to offer the SmartVest System through selected Home Medical Equipment (“HME”) distributors. We entered into agreements with two HME distributors, one national and one regional, to distribute and sell the SmartVest system in the United States home care market. The Company expects to continue its direct sales channel as its primary homecare revenue source. Sale of the SmartVest system through HME distributors has begun in targeted geographies in the first quarter of fiscal 2020.

The addition of an HME distribution network would expand our access to physicians and hospitals in certain areas of the United States and would be expected to support our other growth strategies. In addition, we place advertisements in leading medical magazines and journals.

Additionally, because the availability of reimbursement is an important consideration for health care professionals and patients, we must also demonstrate the effectiveness of our products to public and private insurance providers. The availability of reimbursement exists primarily due to an established Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (“HCPCS”) code for HFCWO. A HCPCS code is assigned to services and products by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”). Because our product has an assigned HCPCS code, a claim can be billed for reimbursement using that code.

International Marketing

Approximately 2.8%2.4% and 3.1%1.8% of our net revenues were from sales outside the U.S. in our fiscal years2019 and our fiscal year ended June 30, 2017 and 20162018 (“fiscal 2017” and “fiscal 2016”2018”), respectively. We sell our products outside the U.S. primarily through independent distributors specializing in respiratory products. Through June 30, 2017,2019, the majority of our distributors operated in exclusive territories. Our principal distributors are located in Europe, Southeast Asia, South and Central America and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf.Gulf, Europe, Southeast Asia, and South and Central America. Units are sold at a fixed contract price with payments made directly from the distributor, rather than being tied to reimbursement rates of a patient’s insurance provider as is the case for domestic sales. Our sales strategy outside the U.S. is to focus our corporate resources on maintaining our current distributors with less emphasis on contracting with new distributors.

Third-Party Reimbursement

In the U.S., individuals who use the SmartVest System generally will rely on third-party payers, including private payers and governmental payers such as Medicare and Medicaid, to cover and reimburse all or part of the cost of using the SmartVest System. Approximately half of our home careOur homecare revenue iscomes from reimbursement from commercial payerspayors, Medicare, Medicaid, Veterans Affairs and one quarter is from each of the Medicare and Medicaid programs.direct patient payments. Reimbursement for HFCWO therapy and the SmartVest System varies among public and private insurance providers.

A key strategy to grow sales is achieving world class customer service and support for our patients and clinicians. We do this with an established and effective reimbursement department working on behalf of the patient by processing physician paperwork, seeking insurance authorization and processing claims. The skill and knowledge gained and offered by our reimbursement department is an important factor in building our revenue and serving patients’ financial interests. Our payment terms generally allow patients to acquire the SmartVest System over a period of 1 to 15 months, which is consistent with reimbursement procedures followed by Medicare and other third parties. The payment amount we receive for any single referral may vary based on a number of factors, including Medicare and third-party reimbursement processes and policies. The patient retains the risk of reimbursement to the Company in the event of non-payment by third-party payers.

Our SmartVest System is reimbursed under HCPCS code E0483. Currently, the Medicare total allowable amount of reimbursement for this billing code is approximately $12,000. The allowed amount for state Medicaid programs range from approximately $8,000 to $13,000,$12,000, which is similar to commercial payers. Actual reimbursement from third-party payers can vary and can be significantly less than the full allowable amount. Deductions from the allowable amount include co-payments, deductibles and/or maximums on durable medical equipment, decrease the reimbursement received from the third-party payer. Collecting a full allowable amount depends on our ability to obtain reimbursement from the patient’s secondary and/or supplemental insurance if the patient has additional coverage, or our ability to collect amounts from individual patients.

Most patients are able to qualify for reimbursement and payment from Medicare, Medicaid, private insurance or combinations of the foregoing. We expect that subsequent generations of HFCWO products also will qualify for reimbursement under Medicare Plan B and most major health plans. However, some third-party payers must also approve coverage for new or innovative devices or therapies before they will reimburse health care providers who use the medical devices or therapies. In addition, we face the risk that new or modified products could have a lower reimbursement rate, or that the levels of reimbursement currently available for our existing products could decrease, which would hamper our ability to market and sell that product. Consequently, our sales will continue to depend in part on the availability of coverage and reimbursement from third-party payers, even though our devices may have been cleared for marketing by the FDA. The manner in which reimbursement is sought and obtained varies based upon the type of payer involved and the setting in which the procedure is furnished.

Research and Development

AsOur R&D capabilities consist of June 30, 2017, our research and developmentfull-time engineering staff consisted of two full-time engineers and several consultants. We periodically engage consultants and contract engineering employees to supplement our development initiatives. Our team has a demonstrated record of developing new products that receive the appropriate product approvals and regulatory clearances around the world.

During the fiscal years ended June 30, 20172019 and 2016,2018, we incurred research and developmentR&D expenses of approximately $597,000$583,000 and $380,000,$251,000, or 1.9% and 0.9% of net revenues, respectively. As a percentage of sales, we expect spending on research and developmentR&D expenses to remain relatively consistent overduring the next twelve monthsfiscal year ended June 30, 2020 (“fiscal 2020”) as compared with fiscal 2019 with engineering resources focusing on next generation product enhancements and other market opportunities.opportunities, including SmartVest Connect with Bluetooth technology and supporting mobile applications.

Intellectual Property

As of June 30, 2017,2019, we held 1817 U.S. and 2225 foreign issued patents covering the SmartVest System and its underlying technology and had 1819 pending U.S. and foreign patent applications. These patents and patent applications offer coverage in the field of air pressure pulse delivery to a human in support of airway clearance. One of our U.S.foreign patents will expire during our upcoming fiscal year ending June 30, 2018.2020.

We generally pursue patent protection for patentable subject matter in our proprietary devices in foreign countries that we have identified as key markets for our products. These markets include the European Union, Canada, Japan, and other countries.

We also have received eightten U.S. trademark and service mark registrations: SMARTVEST^®, SMARTVest^®, SMARTVEST WRAP^®, CREATING SUPERIOR CARE THROUGH INNOVATION^®, MEDPULSE RESPIRATORY VEST SYSTEM^®, SQL^®, SMARTVEST SQL^®, SOFT START^® and MAKING LIFE’S IMPORTANT MOMENTS POSSIBLE-ONE BREATH AT A TIME^®. We haveregistrations, one registration in each of Canada, for SMARTVEST, one registration in Peru for SMARTVEST and haveJapan, one pending international registration and one through the Madrid Protocol for SMARTVEST. The Statement of Grant has been issued for Japan and is pending for China and the European Union.India.

Manufacturing

Our headquarters in New Prague, Minnesota includes a dedicated manufacturing and engineering facility of more than 10,000 square feet and we are certified on an annual basis to be compliant with ISO 13485 and ISO 9001 quality system standards. Our site has been audited regularly by the FDA and ISO,the International Organization for Standardization (“ISO”), in accordance with their practices, and we maintain our operations in a manner consistent with their requirements for a medical device manufacturer. While components are outsourced to meet our detailed specifications, each SmartVest System is assembled, tested, and approved for final shipment at our manufacturing site in New Prague, consistent with FDA, Underwriters Laboratory, (“UL”), and ISO standards. Many of our vendors are located within 100 miles of our headquarters, which enables us to closely monitor our component supply chain. We maintain established inventory levels for critical components and finished goods to assure continuity of supply.

Product Warranties

We provide a warranty on the SmartVest System that covers the cost of replacement parts and labor, or a new SmartVest System in the event we determine a full replacement is necessary. For home care SmartVest Systems initially purchased and currently located in the U.S. and Canada, we provide a lifetime warranty to the individual patient for whom the SmartVest System is prescribed. For sales to institutions within the U.S., and for all international sales, except Canadian home care, we provide a three-year warranty.

Competition

The original HFCWO technology was licensed to American Biosystems, Inc. (now Advanced Respiratory, Inc. (“ARI”), part of Hill-Rom Holdings, Inc.), which, until the introduction of our original MedPulse Respiratory Vest System^® in 2000, was the only manufacturer of a product with HFCWO technology cleared for market by the FDA (ARI’s The Vest^®Airway Clearance System). Recently, ARI has also received FDA 510(k) clearance for the Monarch™ Airway Clearance System, a mobile device that uses pulmonary oscillating discs. In 2005, Respiratory Technologies, Inc., a privately held company doing business as RespirTech, received FDA clearance to market their HFCWO product, the inCourage^® Airway Clearance Therapy (the “inCourage System”).Therapy. In August 2017, Royal Phillips acquired RespirTech. Both ARI and RespirTech employ a direct-to-patient model, and recently Royal Phillips announced plans to offer its HFCWO device through selected HME distributors.

The AffloVest^® (the “AffloVest”) from International Biophysics Corporation (“IBC”) also competes withparticipates in the same market as our SmartVest System. The AffloVestIBC received FDA 510(k) clearance for its device in 2013. IBC primarily sells its device through DME companies who distribute home care medical devices and supplies. Clinical and cost-effective evidence, technology innovations, including wireless connectivity, and HFCWO product features and benefits, such as size, weight of the generator, reputation for patient and reimbursement services, and sales effectiveness of field personnel, have become the key drivers of HFCWO product sales.

Alternative products for administering pulmonary therapy include: Positive Expiratory Pressure (“PEP”); Oscillatory PEP;Pressure; OPEP; Intrapulmonary Percussive Ventilation (“IPV”);Ventilation; CPT and breathing techniques. Physicians may prescribe some or all of these devices and techniques, depending upon each patient’s health status, severity of disease, compliance, or personal preference. We believe our primary competitive advantages over alternative treatments are patient comfort, ease of use, and the effectiveness of HFCWO treatment. Because HFCWO is not “technique dependent,” as compared to most other pulmonary therapy products, therapy begins automatically once power is provided and remains consistent and controlled for the duration of treatment.

Governmental Regulation

Medicare and Medicaid

Recent government and private sector initiatives in the U.S. and foreign countries aim at limiting the growth of health care costs, including price regulation, competitive pricing, coverage and payment policies, comparative effectiveness of therapies, technology assessments, and managed-care arrangements, and are causing the marketplace to put increased emphasis on the delivery of more cost-effective medical devices that result in better clinical outcomes. Government programs, including Medicare and Medicaid, have attempted to control costs by limiting the amount of reimbursement the program will pay for particular procedures or treatments, restricting coverage for certain products or services, and implementing other mechanisms designed to constrain utilization and contain costs. Many private insurance programs look to Medicare as a guide in setting coverage policies and payment amounts. These initiatives have created an increasing level of price sensitivity among our customers.

Home Medical Equipment Licensing

Although we do not fall under competitive bidding for Medicare, we often must satisfy the same licensing requirements as other DME providers that qualify for competitive bidding. In response to out-of-state businesses winning the competitive bidding process, which had a significant impact on small local DME businesses, many states have enacted regulations that require a DME provider to have an in-state business presence, specifically through state Home Medical Equipment (“HME”)HME licensing boards or through state Medicaid programs. In order to do business with any patients in the state or to be a provider for the state Medicaid program, a DME provider must have an in-state presence. In addition to Minnesota, our corporate headquarters, we have a licensed in-state presence in four other states. In-state presence requirements are different from state to state, but generally require a physical location that is staffed and open during regular business hours. We are licensed to do business in all 50 states.states except for Hawaii.

Product Regulations

Our medical devices are subject to regulation by numerous government agencies, including the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory agencies. To varying degrees, each of these agencies requires us to comply with laws and regulations governing the development, testing, manufacturing, labeling, marketing, and distribution of our medical devices, and compliance with these laws and regulations entails significant costs for us. Our regulatory and quality assurance departments provide detailed oversight in their areas of responsibility to support required clearances and approvals to market our products.

In addition to the clearances and approvals discussed below, we obtained ISO 9001 and ISO 13485 certification in January 2005 and receive annual certification of our compliance with ISO quality standards.

FDA Requirements

We have received clearance from the FDA to market our products, including the SmartVest System. We may be required to obtain additional FDA clearance before marketing a new or modified product in the U.S., either through the 510(k) clearance process or the more complex premarket approval process. The process may be time consuming and expensive, particularly if human clinical trials are required. Failure to obtain such clearances or approvals could adversely affect our ability to grow our business.

Continuing Product Regulation

In addition to its approval processes for new products, the FDA may require testing and post-market surveillance programs to monitor the safety and effectiveness of previously cleared products that have been commercialized and may prevent or limit further marketing of products based on the results of post-mark surveillance results. At any time after marketing clearance of a product, the FDA may conduct periodic inspections to determine compliance with both the FDA’s Quality System Regulation (“QSR”) requirements and/or current medical device reporting regulations. Product approvals by the FDA can be withdrawn due to failure to comply with regulatory standards or the occurrence of unforeseen problems following initial market clearance. The failure to comply with regulatory standards or the discovery of previously unknown problems with a product or manufacturer could result in fines, delays or suspensions of regulatory clearances, seizures or recalls of products (with the attendant expenses), the banning of a particular device, an order to replace or refund the cost of any device previously manufactured or distributed, operating restrictions and criminal prosecution, as well as decreased sales as a result of negative publicity and product liability claims.

We must register annually with the FDA as a device manufacturer and, as a result, are subject to periodic FDA inspection for compliance with the FDA’s QSR requirements that require us to adhere to certain extensive regulations. In addition, the federal Medical Device Reporting regulations require us to provide information to the FDA whenever there is evidence that reasonably suggests that a device may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury or, if a malfunction were to occur, could cause or contribute to a death or serious injury. We also must maintain certain certifications in order to sell products internationally, and we undergo periodic inspections by notified bodies to obtain and maintain these certifications.

Advertising and marketing of medical devices, in addition to being regulated by the FDA, are also regulated by the Federal Trade Commission and by state regulatory and enforcement authorities. Recently, promotional activities for FDA-regulated products of other companies have been the subject of enforcement action brought under health care reimbursement laws and consumer protection statutes. Competitors and others also can initiate litigation relating to advertising and /or marketing claims. If the FDA determines that our promotional or training materials constitute promotion of an unapproved or uncleared claim of use, we may need to modify our training or promotional materials or be subject to regulatory or enforcement actions that may result in civil fines or criminal penalties. Other federal, state or foreign enforcement authorities might take action if they determine that our promotional or training materials constitute promotion of an unapproved use, which could result in significant fines or penalties.

European Union and Other Regions

European Union rules require that medical products receive the right to affix the CE marking, demonstrating adherence to quality standards and compliance with relevant European Union Medical Device Directives (MDD).Directives. Products that bear CE marking can be imported to, sold or distributed within the European Union. We obtained clearance to use CE marking on our products in April 2005. Renewal of CE marking is required every five years, and our notified body performs an annual audit to ensure that we are in compliance with all applicable regulations. We have maintained our CE marking in good standing since originally receiving it and most recently renewed it in January 2015. We also require all of our distributors in the European Union and other regions to comply with their home country regulations in our distributor agreements.

The 2010 Healthcare Reform Legislation, medical device excise tax and Federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act

U.S. healthcare reform legislation the PPACA,(“PPACA”), was enacted into law in March 2010. The PPACA imposes a 2.3% excise tax on certain domestic sales of medical devices by manufacturers. To the extent that third-party payers and institutions will not absorb increased costs represented by the tax because of reimbursement or contract limitations, we are not able to offset the tax with increased revenue.

Beginning with the third quarter of our fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, we realized a positive impact to operating profit with the adoption of the recent Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016, which includes a two-year moratorium on the medical device excise tax effective as of January 1, 2016.

On May 22, 2018, we concluded an examination with the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) related to federal medical device excise taxes paid on revenue associated with our sales of the SmartVest during our tax periods ended June 30, 2014 through December 31, 2015. As a result, it was determined the SmartVest was eligible for the retail exemption from the medical device excise tax, resulting in the IRS agreeing to a refund of approximately $406,000. This refund was recognized in fiscal 2018 results and full payment was received in July 2018. Furthermore, we expect we will be exempt from the medical device tax after the conclusion of the current two-year medical device tax moratorium, which is scheduled to end on December 31, 2019.

Federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act

The Federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act (Section 6002 of the PPACA, the “Sunshine Act”) was adopted on February 1, 2013, to create transparency for the financial relationship between medical device companies and physicians and/or teaching hospitals. The Sunshine Act requires all manufacturers of drugs and medical devices to annually report to the CMS any payments or any other “transfers of value” made to physicians and teaching hospitals, including but not limited to consulting fees, grants, clinical research support, royalties, honoraria, and meals. This information is then posted on a public website so that consumers can learn how much was paid to their physician by drug and medical device companies. The Sunshine Act requires ongoing data collection and annual management and reporting by us.

Fraud and Abuse Laws

Federal health care laws apply to the marketing of our products and when we or our customers submit claims for items or services that are reimbursed under Medicare, Medicaid or other federally-funded health care programs. The principal applicable federal laws include:

There are often similar state false claims, anti-kickback, and anti-self referralanti-self-referral and insurance laws that apply to state-funded Medicaid and other health care programs and private third-party payers. In addition, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act can be used to prosecute companies in the U.S. for arrangements with physicians, or other parties outside the U.S. if the physician or party is a government official of another country and the arrangement violates the law of that country. Enforcement of all of these regulations has become increasingly stringent, particularly due to more prevalent use of the whistleblower provisions under the False Claims Act, which allow a private individual to bring actions on behalf of the federal government alleging that the defendant has submitted a false claim to the federal government and to share in any monetary recovery. If a governmental authority were to conclude that we are not in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, we and our officers and employees could be subject to severe criminal and civil penalties and disbarment from participation as a supplier of product to beneficiaries covered by Medicare or Medicaid.

HIPAA/HITECH and Other Privacy Regulations

Federal and state laws protect the confidentiality of certain patient health information, including patient records, and restrict the use and disclosure of such information. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 and its implementing regulations (“HIPAA”) and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH”) set forth privacy and security standards that govern the use and disclosure of protected electronic health information by “covered entities”, which include healthcare providers, health plans and healthcare clearinghouses. Because we provide our products directly to patients and bill third-party payers such as Medicare, Medicaid, and insurance companies, we are a “covered entity” and must comply with these standards. Failure to comply with HIPAA/HITECH or any state or foreign laws regarding personal data protection may result in significant fines or penalties and/or negative publicity. In addition to federal regulations issued under HIPAA/HITECH, some states have enacted privacy and security statutes or regulations that, in some cases, are more stringent than those issued under HIPAA/HITECH. In those cases, it may be necessary to modify our planned operations and procedures to comply with the more stringent state laws. If we fail to comply with applicable state laws and regulations, we could be subject to additional sanctions.

The HIPAA/HITECH health care fraud and false statement statutes also prohibit, among other things, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any health care benefit program, including private payers, and knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement or representation in connection with the delivery of or payment for health care benefits, items or services.

Environmental Laws

We are subject to various environmental laws and regulations both within and outside the U.S. Like other medical device companies, our operations involve the use of substances regulated under environmental laws, primarily manufacturing, sterilization, and disposal processes. We do not expect that compliance with environmental protection laws will have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

Employees

As of June 30, 2017,2019, we had 115119 employees. ElevenTwelve of our employees arewere respiratory therapists licensed by appropriate state professional organizations, including all of the employees in our Patient Services Department. We also retain more thanapproximately 250 respiratory therapists and health care professionals on a non-exclusive independent contractor basis to provide training to our customers in the U.S. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We believe our relations with our employees are good.

Available Information

Our Internet address is www.smartvest.com. We have made available, free of charge, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and, if applicable, amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file these materials with, or furnish them to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. Reports of beneficial ownership filed by our directors and executive officers pursuant to Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act are also available on our website. We are not including the information contained on our website as part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide disclosure pursuant to this item.

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide disclosure pursuant to this item.

We own our principal headquarters and manufacturing facilities, consisting of approximately 24,000 square feet, which are located on an approximately 2.3 acre2.3-acre parcel in New Prague, Minnesota. This owned property iswas subject to a mortgage (see Note 56 to the Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information).We. We also leasehad leased approximately 20,000 square feet of warehouse and office space in a building adjacent to our manufacturing facilities.facilities through June 30, 2019. In April 2019, we entered into an agreement to expand our New Prague, Minnesota facility. The expansion commenced in April 2019 and we anticipate it will be complete in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. Total project costs are estimated to range between $1,500,000 and $1,700,000. We have spent approximately $1,090,000 on the project through June 30, 2019. We believe that our current facilities, after taking into consideration the pending expansion project, are satisfactory for our long-term growth plans.

We may be party to legal actions, proceedings, or claims in the ordinary course of business. We are not aware of any actual or threatened litigation that would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

None.

PART II

Market Information

Our common stock is listed on the NYSE American (formerly the NYSE MKT) under the symbol “ELMD”. The following table sets forth the high and low intra-day sale prices of our common stock by quarter during our 2017 and 2016 fiscal years.

As of August 31, 2017,26, 2019, there were 8978 registered holders of our common stock.

Dividends

We have never paid cash dividends on any of our common stock. We currently intend to retain any earnings for use in operations and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Currently, theThe agreement governing our credit facility restricts our ability to pay dividends.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities

None.

Purchase of Equity Securities by the Company and Affiliated Purchasers

None.

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide disclosure pursuant to this item.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Report. The forward-looking statements include statements that reflect management’s beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations and intentions with respect to our future development plans, capital resources and requirements, results of operations, and future business performance. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements included in this discussion as a result of certain factors, including, but not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled “Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” immediately preceding Part I of this Report.

Overview

Electromed Inc. (“we,” “our,” “us,” “Electromed” or the “Company”) develops and provides innovative airway clearance products applying High Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation (“HFCWO”)HFCWO technologies in pulmonary care for patients of all ages.

We manufacture, market and sell products that provide HFCWO, including the SmartVest^®Airway Clearance System (“SmartVest System”) that includes our newest generation SmartVest SQL^® and previous generation SV2100, and related products, to patients with compromised pulmonary function. The SmartVest SQL is smaller, quieter and lighter than our previous product, with enhanced programmability and ease of use. Our products are sold in both the home health care market and the institutional market for use by patients in hospitals, which we refer to as “institutional sales.” The SmartVest SQL has been sold in the domestic home care market since the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2014. In the fourth quarter of our fiscal 2015,2017, we launched the SmartVest SQL into the institutional and certain international markets. In June 2017, we announced the launch of the SmartVest SQL with SmartVest Connect™ wireless technology and entry into an agreement with Monaghan Medical Corporation to distribute and sell the Aerobika^® Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure (OPEP) Device in the U.S. home care market. The SmartVest SQL with SmartVest Connect allows data connection between physicians and patients to track therapy performance and collaborate in treatment decisions. Since 2000, we have marketed the SmartVest System and its predecessor products to patients suffering from cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis and repeated episodes of pneumonia. Additionally, we offer our products to a patient population that includes neuromuscular disorders such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”), the combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis commonly known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (“COPD”), and patients with post-surgical complications or who are ventilator dependent or have other conditions involving excess secretion and impaired mucus transport.technology.

The SmartVest System is often eligible for reimbursement from major private insurance providers, health maintenance organizations (“HMOs”), state Medicaid systems, and the federal Medicare system, which is an important consideration for patients considering an HFCWO course of therapy. For domestic sales, the SmartVest System may be reimbursed under the Medicare-assigned billing code for HFCWO devices if the patient has cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis (including chronic bronchitis or COPDchronic obstructive pulmonary disease that has resulted in a diagnosis of bronchiectasis), or any one of certain enumerated neuromuscular diseases, and can demonstrate that another less expensive physical or mechanical treatment did not adequately mobilize retained secretions. Private payers consider a variety of sources, including Medicare, as guidelines in setting their coverage policies and payment amounts.

We employ a direct-to-patient and provider model, through which we obtain patient referrals from clinicians, manage insurance claims on behalf of our patients and their clinicians, deliver our solutions to patients and train them on proper use in their homes. This model allows us to directly approach patients and clinicians, whereby we disintermediate the traditional durable medical equipment channel and capture both the manufacturer and distributor margins.

Our primary goals for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2018,2020, include:

Our key growth strategies for the fiscal year ending June 30, 20182020 include:

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

During the preparation of our financial statements, we are required to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect reported amounts. Those estimates and assumptions affect our reported amounts of assets and liabilities, our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and our reported revenues and expenses. We update these estimates, assumptions and judgments as appropriate, which in most cases is at least quarterly. We use our technical accounting knowledge, cumulative business experience, judgment and other factors in the selection and application of our accounting policies. While we believe the estimates, assumptions and judgments we use in preparing our financial statements are appropriate, they are subject to factors and uncertainties regarding their outcome and therefore, actual results may materially differ from these estimates. The following is a summary of our primary critical accounting policies and estimates. See also Note 1 to the Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8, of this Report.

Revenue Recognition and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Revenues are primarilyWe measure revenue based on consideration specified in the contract with a customer, adjusted for any applicable estimates of variable consideration and other factors affecting the transaction price, including noncash consideration, consideration paid or payable to customers and significant financing components. Revenue from all customers is recognized upon shipment when evidencea performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of a sales arrangement exists, delivery has occurreddistinct good or service to a customer.

Individual promised goods and services in a contract are considered a performance obligation and accounted for separately if the individual good or service is distinct (i.e., the customer can benefit from the good or service on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer and the good or service is separately identifiable from other promises in the arrangement). If an arrangement includes multiple performance obligations, the consideration is allocated between the performance obligations in proportion to their estimated standalone selling price, unless discounts or variable consideration is determinable with collectability reasonably assured. Revenues from direct patient salesattributable to one or more but not all the performance obligations. Costs related to products delivered are recorded atrecognized in the amount to be received from patientsperiod incurred, unless criteria for capitalization of costs under their arrangements with third-party payers, including private insurers, prepaid health plans, MedicareAccounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 340-40, “Other Assets and Medicaid. In addition, we record an estimate for selling price adjustments that often arise from changes in a patient’s insurance coverage, changes in a patient’s state of domicile, insurance company coverage limitationsDeferred Costs”, or patient death. We periodically review originally billed amounts and our collection history and make changes to the estimation process by considering any changes in recent collection or sales allowance experience, but have not made material adjustments to previously recorded revenues and receivables.other applicable guidance are met.

Other than the installment sales as discussed below, we expect to receive payment on the vast majority of accounts receivable within one yearWe include shipping and therefore classify all receivables as current assets. However,handling fees in some instances, payment for direct patient sales can be delayed or interrupted resulting in a portion of collections occurring later than one year. In the event receivables are expected to be paid over longer intervals than one year, we recognize revenue under the installment method.

Certain third-party reimbursement agencies pay us on a monthly installment basis, which can span from 18 to 60 months. Californianet revenues. Shipping and New York Medicaid constitute the majority of our installment method sales. Due to the length of time over which reimbursement is received, we believe that the inherent uncertainty of collection due to external factors noted above precludes us from making a reasonable estimate of revenue at the time the product is shipped. In certain circumstances, the patient must periodically attest that the unit continues to be utilized as a prerequisite to continued reimbursement coverage. Therefore, we believe the installment method is appropriate for these sales. If the third-party reimbursement agency discontinues payment and we determine no further payments will be made from the patient, the carrying value of the account receivable is written off as a period adjustment against the previously recognized sales. Under the installment method, we do not record accounts receivable or revenue at the time of product shipment. We defer the revenue associated with the sale and, as each installment is received, that amount is recognized as revenue. Deferredhandling costs associated with the saleshipment of SmartVest Systems after control has transferred to a customer are amortized toaccounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of revenue ratably over the estimated period in which collections are scheduled to occur.revenues.

Accounts receivable are also net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, which are accounts from which payment is not expected to be received although product was provided and revenue was earned.received. Management determines the allowance for doubtful accounts by regularly evaluating individual customer receivables and considering a customer’s financial condition and credit history. Receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of receivables previously written off are recorded when received.

We request that customers return previously-sold units that are no longer in use to us in order to limit the possibility that such units would be resold by unauthorized parties or used by individuals without a prescription. The customer is under no obligation to return the product; however, we do reclaim the majority of previously sold units upon the discontinuance of patient usage. We obtained certificationare certified to recondition and resell returned units during fiscal 2015.SmartVest units. Returned units can now beare typically reconditioned and resold and will continue to be used for demonstration equipment and warranty replacement parts.

Valuation of Long-Lived and Intangible Assets

Long-lived assets, primarily property and equipment and finite-life intangible assets, are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. In evaluating recoverability, the following factors, among others, are considered: a significant change in the circumstances used to determine the amortization period, an adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, a transition to a new product or service strategy, a significant change in customer base, and a realization of failed marketing efforts. The recoverability of an asset or asset group is measured by a comparison of the unamortized balance of the asset or asset group to future undiscounted cash flows. If we believe the unamortized balance is unrecoverable, we would recognize an impairment charge necessary to reduce the unamortized balance to the estimated fair value of the asset group. The amount of such impairment would be charged to operations at the time of determination.

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. We use the straight-line method for depreciating property and equipment over their estimated useful lives, which range from 3 to 39 years. Our finite-life intangibles consist of patents and trademarks and their carrying costs include the original cost of obtaining the patents, periodic renewal fees, and other costs associated with maintaining and defending patent and trademark rights. Patents and trademarks are amortized over their estimated useful lives, generally 15 and 12 years, respectively, using the straight-line method.

Allowance for Excess and Slow-Moving Inventory

An allowance for potentially slow-moving or excess inventories is made based on our analysis of inventory levels on hand and comparing it to expected future production requirements, sales forecasts and current estimated market values.

Income Taxes

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. We provide a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets if we determine, based on the weight of available evidence, that it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We would reverse a valuation allowance if we determine, based on the weight of all available evidence, including when cumulative losses become positive income, that it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized.

Warranty Reserve

We provide a warranty on the SmartVest System that covers the cost of replacement parts and labor, or a new SmartVest System in the event we determine a full replacement is necessary. For home care SmartVest Systems initially purchased and currently located in the U.S. and Canada, we provide a lifetime warranty to the individual patient for whom the SmartVest System is prescribed. For sales to institutions within the U.S., and for all international sales, except Canadian home care, we provide a three-year warranty. We estimate, based upon a review of historical warranty claim experience, the costs that may be incurred under our warranty policies and record a liability in the amount of such estimate at the time a product is sold. The warranty cost is based upon future product performance and durability and is estimated largely based upon historical experience. We estimate the average useful life of our products to be approximately five years. Factors that affect our warranty liability include the number of units sold, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims, the product’s useful life, and cost per claim. At our discretion, based upon the cost to either repair or replace a product, we have occasionally replaced such products covered under warranty with a new or refurbished model. We periodically assess the adequacy of our recorded warranty liability and make adjustments to the accrual as claims data and historical experience warrant.

Share-Based Compensation

Share-based payment awards consist of options and restricted stock issued to employees and directors for services. Expense for options is estimated using the Black-Scholes pricing model at the date of grant and expense for restricted stock is determined by the closing price on the day the grant is made. The portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service or vesting period of the award.award and adjusted upon completion of the vesting period. In determining the fair value of our share-based payment awards, we make various assumptions using the Black-Scholes pricing model, including expected risk-free interest rate, stock price volatility, life and forfeitures. See Note 78 to the Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, of this Report for a description of these assumptions.

Results of Operations

Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 20172019 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 20162018

Revenues

Revenue for the twelve-month periods are summarized in the table below (dollar amounts in thousands).

Home Care Revenue. Our home care revenue increased by 14.1%10.3%, or approximately $2,877,000,$2,693,000, for fiscal year ended June 30, 2017 (“fiscal 2017”),2019, compared to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016 (“fiscal 2016”).2018. Home care revenue increased year-over-year primarilypredominantly due to an increase in approvals anda higher number of referrals and an increase in the average rate of reimbursement per approval. The increase in referrals was primarily due to growth in thefield sales employee, a higher number of field sales employees and a highergreater referral per field sales employee as compared to the comparable prior year period.approval percentage.

During fiscal 2017, we entered into a settlement agreement with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services with respect to approximately 700 Medicare fee-for-service claims submitted between calendar years 2012 through 2015, resulting in approximately $703,000 of net recognized revenue. This benefit was partially offset by the retroactive repayment of previously collected and recognized revenue to a state Medicaid program totaling approximately $212,000. The repayment resulted from the state Medicaid program’s reinterpretation of its reimbursement process and a reduction in its allowable payments. We believe the repayment is a one-time event and is not reflective of other state Medicaid reimbursement processes. Our fiscal 2016 home care revenue benefited by approximately $250,000 from processing a backlog of referrals from the prior fiscal year in a certain state. The backlog accumulated while we reapplied for a state home medical equipment license until we met a newly imposed requirement to have an approved in-state presence. The license was reinstated in October 2015.

Institutional Revenue. Institutional revenue decreasedincreased by 1.1%3.4%, or approximately $20,000,$53,000, in fiscal 20172019 compared to fiscal 2016.2018. Institutional revenue includes sales to distributors, group purchasing organization (“GPO”) members, and other institutions. The decreaseincrease in institutional revenue was driven by a decreaseresult of an increase in the number of unitssingle patient use garments sold compared to the same period in the prior year, which was partially offset by an increase in the saleslower revenue and average selling prices of single patient use garments.units sold.

International Revenue. International revenue was approximately $716,000$747,000 in fiscal 20172019 compared to $713,000$500,000 in fiscal 2016.2018. International revenue growth is not a focus for us, and our corporate resources are only focused on supporting and maintaining our current distributors.

Gross Profit

Gross profit increased to $20,568,000,approximately $23,848,000 during fiscal 2019, or 79.5%76.2% of net revenues, for fiscal 2017, from approximately $17,876,000,$21,773,000, or 77.7%76.9% of net revenues, forduring fiscal 2016.2018. The increase in gross profit was primarily related to increases in domestic home care revenues and arevenue. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of net revenue was driven by a lower selling price per device in our manufacturing costs of the SmartVest SQL as compared to the prior year.institutional market.

During the fiscal years ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, we lowered the cost of our SmartVest SQL to a cost significantly lower than our previous products. This has shortened the time period in which we expect to phase out sales of our SV2100 product. Because of this, we recorded an additional reserve on certain SV2100 parts that may no longer be utilized in production, of $30,000 and $10,000$100,000 during fiscal 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively. As we continue to phase out sales of the SV2100, we will continue to monitor and refine our reserve estimate if circumstances change.

We believe that as we continue to grow sales we will be able to continue to leverage manufacturing costs, and that gross margins, over the long-term, will continue to be in a range slightly above 75%below 80%, although there can be fluctuations on a short-term basis related to average reimbursement based on the mix of referrals during any given period. Factors such as diagnoses that are not assured of reimbursement, insurance programs with lower allowable reimbursement amounts (for example, state Medicaid programs), and whether an individual patient meets prerequisite medical criteria for reimbursement, may have an effect on average reimbursement received on a short-term basis.

Operating Expenses

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses for fiscal 20172019 were approximately $16,402,000,$20,446,000, compared to approximately $14,387,000$18,809,000 for the prior year, an increase of approximately $1,988,000,$1,637,000, or 14.0%8.7%.

SG&A payroll and compensation-related expenses increased by approximately $1,148,000,$1,369,000, or 14.2%11.6%, to approximately $9,251,000.$13,148,000. The increase isincreases in fiscal 2019 were due to additional employees in sales and administration,administrative roles, additional sales incentives on higher revenue accruals, annual salary increases, a higher management bonus accrual and higher share-based equity compensation expense annual salary increases and the replacement of certain employees at a higher rate of compensation in our sales department, which were partially offset by lower management bonus accruals. For fiscal 2017, we had 6.3 net additional field sales full time equivalents (“FTEs”) and 2.9 net additional general and administrative FTEs, an increase of 22.6% and 5.1%, respectively, as compared to the prior fiscal year.year periods.

Professional and legal fees increaseddecreased by approximately $176,000$206,000 to approximately $1,455,000$1,524,000 in fiscal 2017,2019, compared to approximately $1,279,000$1,730,000 in fiscal 2016.2018. These fees wereare primarily for services related to legal costs, shareholdershareowner services and investor relations consulting, consulting fees, reporting requirements, and information technology (“IT”) securitytechnical support, and backup.consulting fees for enhancing our market development strategy. The year-over-year increasedecreases in professional fees waswere primarily due to increases in reimbursement consulting, shareholdershareowner services, legal and investor relations services and human resources consulting,IT costs, which were partially offset by a decreasean increase in IT costs and sales consulting.marketing consulting fees.

Recruiting fees were approximately $479,000$256,000 in fiscal 2017,2019, representing an increasea decrease of approximately $150,000,$376,000, or 45.4%59.5%, as compared to the same period in the prior year. The increasedecrease in recruiting fees was due primarily to adding morefewer employees in sales and administrative roles as compared to the prior year.

Travel, meals and entertainment expenses were approximately $1,759,000$2,341,000 for fiscal 20172019 compared to $1,513,000$2,181,000 in the prior year, an increase of approximately $247,000,$160,000, or 16.2%7.3%. The increase was due primarily to additional sales personnel, which was partially offset by an overall decreaseincrease in the average travel, meals and entertainment expense per salesperson.

SG&A expenses included a loss onDepreciation and amortization expense was approximately $537,000 for fiscal 2019 compared to $396,000 in the abandonment of certain domestic and foreign patents with net valuesprior year, an increase of approximately $133,000$141,000, or 35.4%. The increase was due primarily to our decision to terminate a lease of a property used for office space on June 30, 2019, which required us to accelerate the amortization of the leasehold improvement assets associated with the property in the amount of approximately $151,000. We are currently expanding owned real estate to replace the leased office space which should be completed in the first quarter of fiscal 2020.

Also, during fiscal 2017 as compared2018, we concluded an examination with the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) related to $18,000 recognized in fiscal 2016. The majorityfederal medical device excise taxes paid on revenue associated with the sales of the pending patents that were abandoned related toSmartVest System during the initial development of our SQL SmartVest technology. Duringtax periods ended June 30, 2014 through December 31, 2015. As a review of our patent portfolioresult, it was determined that certain patents proved redundant to a subsequent SQL patent filing and were therefore abandoned. A smaller portion of expensethe SmartVest System was related to patents that covered technology that we considered outdated and are no longer in use.

In addition, SG&A expenses did not includeeligible for the retail exemption from the medical device excise tax, for all of fiscal 2017,resulting in the IRS agreeing to a decreaserefund of approximately $132,000 compared to$406,000, which was included as a reduction of SG&A expense during fiscal 2018. The refund was received from the prior year. Beginning January 1, 2016,IRS in July 2018. We expect the SmartVest System we realized a positive impact to operating profit withwill be exempt from the Federal Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016, which included a two-year moratorium on the U.S. Federal medical device excise tax.tax after the conclusion of the current two-year medical device tax moratorium, which is scheduled to end on December 31, 2019.

Research and Development Expenses.Research and development (“R&D”)&D expenses were approximately $597,000$583,000 and $380,000,$251,000, or 2.3%1.9% and 1.7%0.9% of net revenues, for fiscal 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively. DuringWe expect spending on research and development to remain consistent during fiscal 2016,2020 as compared to fiscal 2019 as we began developing thework on enhancements to our SmartVest Connect wireless technology. We believe this innovation will strengthen our patient and clinician partnerships, leading to greater therapy adherence and improved quality of life for individuals with compromised pulmonary function. We launched this newmonitoring feature, during June of 2017. During fiscal 2017, we capitalized approximately $223,000 related to software development in conjunction with this project. As a percentage of net revenues, we expect spendinginitiate early stage design work on R&D expenses to remain relatively consistent over the next twelve months with engineering resources focusing ongeneration product enhancements and evaluate other market opportunities.opportunities, including the anticipated launch of SmartVest Connect with Bluetooth™ technology and supporting mobile applications. Certain expenses related to our innovation investments are not always captured in R&D expenses. These expenses may be included in cost of salesrevenue as in the case of depreciation of tooling, or for SG&A, in the case of professional fees or higher labor expense, as we improve our internal processes or enhance our customer service.

Interest ExpenseIncome, net

Interest expense, net, decreased toNet interest income was approximately $50,000 in$91,000 during fiscal 2017,2019 compared to $67,000net interest income of $20,000 during the prior fiscal year. Increases in fiscal 2016, a decreasenet interest income was primarily driven by higher rates earned on our cash deposits and the payoff of our term loan of approximately $17,000. The decrease in interest expense during fiscal 2017 as compared to the prior year was driven by a lower effective interest rate$1,103,000 on outstanding borrowings, a lower level of debt as compared to the prior year, and an increase in interest income.December 18, 2018.

Income Tax Expense

ForDuring fiscal 2017, the Company2019, we recorded a current income tax expense of $1,290,000.$940,000. Estimated income tax expense during fiscal 20172019 includes a current tax expense of $1,439,000,$1,205,000 and a deferred benefit of $117,000$265,000. Estimated income tax expense for fiscal 2019 includes a discrete deferred tax expense of approximately $157,000 related to unexercised fully-vested stock options that expired and a discrete current tax benefit of $32,000 as a resultapproximately $14,000 related to the excess tax benefit of the lapse of the statute of limitations on uncertain tax positions. For fiscal 2016, the Company recorded a currentnon-qualified stock options exercised.

Estimated income tax expense of $830,000. Income tax expense during fiscal 20162018 includes a current tax expense of $1,173,000$1,260,000 and a deferred tax benefit of $343,000, primarily from$359,000. Estimated income tax expense during fiscal 2018 includes a discrete deferred tax expense of approximately $48,000 as a result of re-measuring certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in future periods under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Additionally, a discrete tax benefit caused by the Company’s release of the full valuation allowance against allapproximately $27,000 was recognized during fiscal 2018 as a result of its net U.S.greater federal and state deferredresearch and development tax assets.credits than what was originally estimated in our tax provision for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017.

The effective tax rates were 36.7%32.3% and 27.3%33.0% for fiscal 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively. The effective tax rates differ from the statutory federal rate due to the effect of state income taxes, R&D tax credits, the domestic production activities deduction and other permanent items that are non-deductible for tax purposes relative to the amount of taxable income.

Net Income/Loss

Net income for fiscal 20172019 was approximately $2,229,000,$1,969,000, compared to net income of approximately $2,213,000$1,831,000 in fiscal 2016.2018. The year-over-year increase in net income was driven primarily by an increase in gross profit whichon higher revenue, lower recruiting costs and lower professional and legal fees. These increases in net income was partially offset by increased payroll andhigher compensation, expenses in sales and administrative departments, increased travel, meals and entertainment driven by additional sales personnel, increasedhigher R&D costs, increased professional fees and a higher level of recruiting costs. Additionally, the prior year benefited byexpenses, a discrete tax benefitexpense of $294,000.$157,000 related to unexercised fully-vested stock options and higher depreciation and amortization expense related to the termination of leased office space of approximately $151,000. Additionally, net income during fiscal 2018 included a medical device excise tax refund of approximately $406,000.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flows and Sources of Liquidity

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

For fiscal 2017,2019, our net cash provided by operating activities was approximately $1,191,000. Our$2,590,000. Cash flows from operating activities consisted of net income of approximately $2,229,000 was adjusted for$1,969,000, non-cash expenses of approximately $1,267,000, a decrease in income tax receivable of $192,000, an increase in income tax payable of $157,000,$1,602,000 and a decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets of $50,000. It also was$404,000. These cash flows from operating activities were partially offset by increases in accounts receivable accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and inventories of approximately $2,338,000, $338,000 and $28,000, respectively.

For fiscal 2016, our net cash provided by operating activities was approximately $2,167,000. Our net income of approximately $2,213,000 was adjusted for non-cash expenses of approximately $695,000,$949,000, an increase in other accrued liabilities of $996,000 and a decrease in prepaid expenses and othercontract assets of $19,000. It also was offset by increases in accounts receivable, inventories and income tax receivable of approximately $1,093,000, $348,000 and $192,000, respectively, and$219,000, a decrease in income taxes payable of $123,000.$109,000, an increase in inventory of $106,000 and a decrease in accounts payable and other current liabilities of $2,000.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

For fiscal 2017,2019, cash used in investing activities was approximately $687,000.$1,387,000. Cash used in investing activities primarily consisted of approximately $619,000$1,331,000 in expenditures for property and equipment and $68,000$58,000 in payments for patent and trademark costs.

For fiscal 2016, These cash usedflows were partially offset by $2,000 in investing activities was approximately $580,000. Cash used in investing activities primarily consistedproceeds received from the sales of approximately $535,000 in expenditures for property and equipment and $45,000 in payments for patent and trademark costs.fixed assets.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

For fiscal 2017,2019, cash used in financing activities was approximately $54,000,$851,000, consisting of $49,000 in$1,103,000 of principal payments on long-term debt and $5,000$252,000 in payments for deferred financing fees.

For fiscal 2016, cash used in financing activities was approximately $62,000, consisting of $49,000 in principal payments on long-term debt and $13,000 in payments for deferred financing fees.proceeds received from stock options that were exercised.

Adequacy of Capital Resources

Our primary working capital requirements relate to adding employees to our sales force and support functions, continuing R&D efforts, and supporting general corporate needs, including financing equipment purchases and other capital expenditures incurred in the ordinary course of business. Based on our current operational performance, we believe our working capital of approximately $15,580,000$20,919,000 and available borrowings under our existing credit facility will provide adequate liquidity for our fiscal year ending June 30, 2018.2020.

Effective December 18, 2016,2018, we renewed our credit facility, which provides us with a revolving line of credit and a term loan.credit. Interest on borrowings on the line of credit accrues at the prime rate (5.50% at June 30, 2019) less 1.00% and is payable monthly. There was no outstanding principal balance on the line of credit as of June 30, 2019 or June 30, 2018. The amount eligible for borrowing on the line of credit is limited to the lesser of $2,500,000 or 57.00% of eligible accounts receivable, and the line of credit expires on December 18, 2017,2019, if not renewed. At June 30, 2017,2019, the maximum $2,500,000 was available under the line of credit and the applicable interest rate (the prime rate) was 4.25%.credit. Payment obligations under the line of credit are secured by a security interest in substantially all of our tangible and intangible assets.

In connection with the credit facility, we also havehad a term loan, which had an outstanding principal balance of approximately $1,154,000 at June 30, 2017 and $1,200,000$1,103,000 as of June 30, 2016. The term loan was refinanced effective December 18, 2016, reducing the2018 and an interest rate from 5.00% toof 3.88%. The unamortized debt issuance cost associated with this debt was approximately $6,000 and $10,000$2,000 as of June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, respectively.2018. The term loan bears interest at 3.88%, with monthly payments of principalmatured on December 18, 2018, and interestwe utilized cash to repay the required balloon payment of approximately $7,900 and a final payment of principal and interest of approximately $1,085,000 due on the maturity date of December 18, 2018.$1,085,000. Payment obligations under the term loan arewere secured by a mortgage on our real property, which security interest was released upon payoff. We no longer have any obligation under the Company’s real property.term loan.

The documents governing our line of credit and term loan contain certain financial and nonfinancial covenants that include a minimum tangible net worth of not less than $10,125,000 and restrictions on our ability to incur certain additional indebtedness or pay dividends. We were in compliance with these covenants as of June 30, 2017.

Any failure to comply with these covenants in the future may result in an event of default, which if not cured or waived, could result in the lender accelerating the maturity of our indebtedness, preventing access to additional funds under the line of credit, and/or term loan, requiring prepayment of outstanding indebtedness, under either arrangement, or refusing to renew the line of credit. If the maturity of the indebtedness is accelerated or the line of credit is not renewed, sufficient cash resources to satisfy the debt obligations may not be available and we may not be able to continue operations as planned. The indebtedness under the line of credit and term loan are secured by a security interest in substantially all of our tangible and intangible assets and a mortgage on our real property, respectively. If we are unable to repay such indebtedness, the lender could foreclose on these assets.

WeDuring fiscal 2019 and 2018, we spent approximately $619,000$1,331,000 and $535,000$526,000, respectively, on property and equipment duringequipment. In April 2019, we entered into an agreement for a building expansion project at our New Prague, Minnesota facility. This building expansion commenced in April 2019, and we anticipate it will be complete in the first quarter of fiscal 20172020. We estimate the total cost of the project to range between $1,500,000 and 2016, respectively. $1,700,000, will save us over $130,000 in annual lease expense and provide us with sufficient infrastructure to support our long-term growth.

We currently expect to finance planned equipment purchases and the completion of our building expansion with cash flows from operations or borrowings under our credit facility. We may need to incur additional debt if we have an unforeseen need for additional capital equipment or if our operating performance does not generate adequate cash flows.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements.

New Accounting Pronouncements

New accounting pronouncements:In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance creating Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) SectionASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The new section will replacereplaces ASC Section 605, “Revenue Recognition,” and creates modifications to various otherreplaces all revenue accounting standardsguidance for specialized transactions and industries. The new section is intended to conform revenue accounting principles with ato concurrently issued International Financial Reporting Standards with previously differing treatment between U.S. practice and that of much of the rest of the world, as well as to enhance disclosures related to disaggregated revenue information. Entities will have

We adopted the optionnew standard effective July 1, 2018, utilizing the full retrospective method, which required us to apply the standard retrospectively to allrecast each prior periodsreporting period presented (“full retrospective”), or to apply it retrospectively only to contracts existing at the effective date (“modified retrospective”),and included adjustments with the cumulative impact of increasing retained earnings by $0.8 million as of July 1, 2017. We updated our control framework for new internal controls and made changes to existing controls related to the new revenue recognition standard.

Primary changes resulting from the adoption of ASC 606:

The adoption of ASC 606 resulted in a change to the timing of revenue recognition, primarily driven by the following:

Impact on previously reported results:

The following tables present a recast of selected statement of operations line items after giving effect to the adoption of ASC 606:

The following table presents a recast of selected balance sheet line items after giving effect to the standard recorded as an adjustmentadoption of ASC 606: 

The following table presents a recast of selected statement of cash flow line items after giving effect to beginning retained earnings. the adoption of ASC 606:

Lease Accounting:

In August 2015, theFebruary 2016, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-14, which delayed the effective date of the new revenue recognition guidance by one year. The Company is currently evaluating which of the alternative approaches it will apply and the potential impact of adoption of the revised revenue standards on its financial statements. The Company intends to complete its evaluation during its fiscal year ending June 30, 2018.

In April 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-03, “Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs.” This standard became effective on July 1, 2016 for the Company and requires that debt issuance costs be presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of long-term debt on the balance sheet. The new guidance aligns the presentation of debt issuance costs with debt discounts and premiums. The Company adopted this guidance retrospectively effective as of July 1, 2016. As a result, the Company presented $10,000 of unamortized debt issuance costs that had been included in “Other assets” on its condensed balance sheet as of June 30, 2016 as a direct deduction from the carrying amounts of the related long-term debt liability.

In July 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-11, “Inventory2016-02, “Leases (Topic 330) Related to Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory,” which applies to all inventory except that which is measured using last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) or the retail inventory method. Inventory measured using first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) or average cost is within the scope of the new guidance and should be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable cost of completion, disposal, and transportation. Subsequent measurement is unchanged for inventory measured using LIFO or the retail inventory method. The amendments will be effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The new guidance should be applied prospectively, and earlier application is permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company has evaluated that ASU 2015-11 will have no material impact on its consolidated financial statements or financial statement disclosures upon adoption.

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases.842).” This standard requires the recognition of all lease transactions with terms in excess of 12 months on the balance sheet as a lease liability and a right-of-use asset (as defined in the standard). ASU 2016-02 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with earlier application permitted. Upon adoption, the lessee will apply the new standard retrospectively to all periods presented or retrospectively using a cumulative effect adjustment in the year of adoption. The Company hasWe have evaluated that ASU 2016-02 and expect it will have no material impact on itsour financial statements or financial statement disclosures upon adoption based on current facts and circumstances.

In March 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which reduces complexity in accounting standards related to share-based payment transactions, including, among others, (1) accounting for income taxes, (2) classification of excess tax benefits on the statement of cash flow, (3) forfeitures, and (4) statutory tax withholding requirements. ASU 2016-09 will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company has evaluated that ASU 2016-09 will have no material impact on its financial statements or financial statement disclosures upon adoption.

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide disclosure pursuant to this item.

Index to Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors and Shareholders
of Electromed, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Electromed, Inc. (the Company) as of June 30, 20172019 and 2016, and2018, the related statements of operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended. ended, and the related notes to the financial statements (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company has changed the manner in which it accounts for revenues from contracts with customers in fiscal year 2019.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on thesethe Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement.misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. OurAs part of our audits, included considerationwe are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence supportingregarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessingstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statement presentation.statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Electromed, Inc. as of June 30, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

/s/ RSM US LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2010.

Duluth, Minnesota

September 5, 2017August 27, 2019 

Electromed, Inc.

Balance Sheets
June 30, 20172019 and 20162018

See Notes to Financial Statements.

Electromed, Inc.

Statements of Operations
Years Ended June 30, 20172019 and 20162018

See Notes to Financial Statements.

Electromed, Inc.
Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
Years Ended June 30, 20172019 and 20162018

See Notes to Financial Statements.

Electromed, Inc.
Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended June 30, 20172019 and 20162018

See Notes to Financial Statements.

Electromed, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements

Note 1.          Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of business: Electromed, Inc. (the “Company”) develops, manufactures and markets innovative airway clearance products that apply High Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation (“HFCWO”) therapy in pulmonary care for patients of all ages. The Company markets its products in the U.S. to the home health care and institutional markets for use by patients in personal residences, hospitals and clinics. The Company also sells internationally both directly and through distributors. International sales were approximately $716,000$747,000 and $713,000$500,000 for the fiscal years ended June 30, 20172019 (“fiscal 2019”) and 2016,2018 (“fiscal 2018”), respectively. Since its inception, the Company has operated in a single industry segment: developing, manufacturing and marketing medical equipment.

A summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies follows:

Use of estimates: Management uses estimates and assumptions in preparing the financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). Those estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported revenues and expenses. Actual results could vary from the estimates that were used. The Company believes the critical accounting policies that require the most significant assumptions and judgments in the preparation of its financial statements include revenue recognition and the related estimation of selling price adjustments,variable consideration, allowance for doubtful accounts, the potential impairment of intangible and long-lived assets, inventory obsolescence, share-based compensation, income taxes and the warranty reserve.

Revenue recognition: The Company recognizes revenueRevenue is measured based on consideration specified in the contract with a customer, adjusted for any applicable estimates of variable consideration and other factors affecting the transaction price, including noncash consideration, consideration paid or payable to customers and significant financing components. Revenue from all customers is recognized when persuasive evidencea performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of a sales arrangement exists, delivery of goods occurs through the transfer of title and risks and rewards of ownership, the selling price is fixeddistinct good or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. Revenues are primarily recognized upon shipment.service to a customer. See Note 2 for information on revenue.

Direct patient sales are recorded at amounts to be received from patients under reimbursement arrangements with third-party payers, including private insurers, prepaid health plans, Medicare and Medicaid. In addition, the Company records an estimate for selling price adjustments that often arise from changes in a patient’s insurance coverage, changes in a patient’s domicile, insurance company coverage limitations or patient death. Other than the installment sales as discussed below, the Company expects to receive payment on the vast majority of accounts receivable within one year and therefore has classified all accounts receivable as current. However, in some instances, payment for direct patient sales can be delayed or interrupted, resulting in a portion of collections occurring later than one year.

During fiscal 2017, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services with respect to approximately 700 Medicare fee-for-service claims submitted between calendar years 2012 through 2015, resulting in approximately $703,000 of net recognized revenue.

Certain third-party reimbursement agencies pay the Company on a monthly installment basis, which can span over several years. Due to the length of time over which cash is collected and the inherent uncertainty of collectability with these installment sales, the Company cannot make a reasonable estimate of revenue at the time of sale and does not record accounts receivable or revenue at the time of product shipment. Under the installment method, the Company defers the revenue associated with the sale and, as each installment is received, that amount is recognized as revenue. Deferred costs associated with the sale are amortized to cost of revenue ratably over the estimated period in which collections are scheduled to occur.

Sales made under the installment method were approximately as follows:

Unrecognized installment method sales were approximately as follows:

Shipping and handling expense: Shipping and handling charges incurred by the Company are included in cost of goods soldrevenues and were $363,000$454,000 and $333,000$409,000 for the fiscal years ended June 30, 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively.

Cash:The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts that, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in these accounts.

Accounts receivable: The Company’s accounts receivable balance is comprised of amounts due from individuals, institutions and distributors. Balances due from individuals are typically remitted to the Company by third-party reimbursement agencies such as Medicare, Medicaid and private insurance companies. Accounts receivable are carried at amounts estimated to be received from patients under reimbursement arrangements with third-party payers. Accounts receivable are also net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Management determines the allowance for doubtful accounts by regularly evaluating individual customer receivables and considering a customer’s financial condition and credit history. Receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of receivables previously written off are recorded when received. The allowance for doubtful accounts was approximately $45,000 as of June 30, 20172019 and 2016.2018.

Contract assets:Contract assets include amounts recognized as revenue that are estimates of variable consideration for Medicare appeals where the final determination of the insurance coverage amount is dependent on future approval of an appeal, or when the consideration due to the Company is dependent on a future event such as the patient meeting a deductible prior to the Company’s claim being processed by the payer. Contract assets are classified as current as amounts will turn into accounts receivable and be collected during the Company’s normal business operating cycle. Contract assets are reclassified to accounts receivable when the right to receive payment is unconditional.

Inventories:Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market.net realizable value. Work in process and finished goods are carried at standard cost, which approximates actual cost, and includes materials, labor and allocated overhead. Standard costs are reviewed at least quarterly by management, or more often in the event circumstances indicate a change in cost has occurred. The reserve for obsolescence is determined by analyzing the inventory on hand and comparing it to expected future sales. Estimated inventory to be returned is based on how many devices that have shipped that are expected to be returned prior to completion of the insurance reimbursement process.

Property and equipment: Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements and assets acquired under capital leases are depreciated over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the remaining lease term. The Company retains ownership of demonstration equipment in the possession of both inside and outside sales representatives, who use the equipment in the sales process.

Finite-life intangible assets: Finite-life intangible assets include patents and trademarks. These intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, as described in Note 4.5.

Long-lived assets: Long-lived assets, primarily property and equipment and finite-life intangible assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. In evaluating recoverability, the following factors, among others, are considered: a significant change in the circumstances used to determine the amortization period, an adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, a transition to a new product or service strategy, a significant change in customer base, and a realization of failed marketing efforts. The recoverability of an asset or asset group is measured by a comparison of the carrying value of the asset to future undiscounted cash flows.

If the Company believes the carrying value is unrecoverable, then it would recognizerecognizes an impairment charge necessary to reduce the unamortized balance to the estimated fair value of the asset or asset group. The amount of such impairment would beis charged to operations in the current period.

Warranty liability: The Company provides a lifetime warranty on its products sold to patients inthe prescribed patient for sales within the U.S. and Canada and a three-year warranty for all institutional sales withinand sales to individuals outside the U.S., as well as for all international sales. The Company estimates the costs that may be incurred under its warranty and records a liability in the amount of such costs at the time the product is sold.shipped. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty liability include the number of units sold,shipped, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims, the product’s useful life, and cost per claim. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liability and adjusts the amounts as necessary.

Changes in the Company’s warranty liability were approximately as follows:

Income taxes: Deferred taxes are provided on a liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We would reverseThe Company reverses a valuation allowance if we determine,it determined, based on the weight of all available evidence, including when cumulative losses become positive income, that it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

The Company recognizes tax liabilities when the Company believes that certain positions may not be fully sustained upon review by tax authorities. Benefits from tax positions are measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences impact income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made. Interest and penalties, if any, related to accrued liabilities for potential tax assessments are included in income tax expense.

Research and development: Research and development costs include costs of research activities as well as engineering and technical efforts required to develop new products or make improvements to existing products. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Advertising costs: Advertising costs are charged to expense when incurred. Advertising, marketing and trade show costs for the fiscal years ended June 30, 20172019 and 2016,2018, were approximately $380,000$576,000 and $331,000,$474,000, respectively.

Share-based payments: Share-based payment awards consist of options and restricted stock issued to employees for services, and to non-employees in lieu of payment for services. Expense for options is estimated using the Black-Scholes pricing model at the date of grant and expense for restricted stock is determined by the closing price on the day the grant is made. Expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service or vesting period of the award, or at the time services are provided for non-employee awards.

Fair value of financial instruments: The carrying values of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of long-term debt is the remaining amount due to debtors under borrowing arrangements. To estimate the fair value of debt, the Company estimates the interest rate necessary to secure financing to replace its debt. At June 30, 2017,2018, the fair value of long-term debt, which was paid in full during fiscal 2019, was not significantly different than its carrying value.

Basic and diluted earnings per share: Net income is presented on a per share basis for both basic and diluted common shares. Basic net income per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding any restricted stock awards which have not vested. The diluted net income per common share calculation includes outstanding restricted stock grants and assumes that all stock options were exercised and converted into common stock at the beginning of the period, unless their effect is anti-dilutive. Common stock equivalents of 177,500318,000 shares and 307,800187,834 shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the fiscal years ended June 30, 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively, as their impact was antidilutive. See Note 78 for information on stock options and warrants.options.

New Accounting Pronouncements:accounting pronouncements: In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance creating Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Section 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.”Customers” (“ASC 606”). The new section will replacereplaces ASC Section 605, “Revenue Recognition,” and creates modifications to various otherreplaces all revenue accounting standardsguidance for specialized transactions and industries. The new section is intended to conform revenue accounting principles with ato concurrently issued International Financial Reporting Standards with previously differing treatment between U.S. practice and that of much of the rest of the world, as well as to enhance disclosures related to disaggregated revenue information. Entities will have

The Company adopted the optionnew standard effective July 1, 2018, utilizing the full retrospective method, which required the Company to apply the standard retrospectively to allrecast each prior periodsreporting period presented (“full retrospective”), or to apply it retrospectively only to contracts existing at the effective date (“modified retrospective”),and included adjustments with the cumulative impact of increasing retained earnings by $0.8 million as of July 1, 2017. The Company has updated its control framework for new internal controls and made changes to existing controls related to the new revenue recognition standard.

Primary changes resulting from the adoption of ASC 606:

The Company’s adoption of ASC 606 resulted in a change to the timing of revenue recognition, primarily driven by the following:

Impact on previously reported results:

The following tables present a recast of selected statement of operations line items after giving effect to the adoption of ASC 606:

The following table presents a recast of selected balance sheet line items after giving effect to the standard recorded as an adjustmentadoption of ASC 606:

The following table presents a recast of selected unaudited statement of cash flow line items after giving effect to beginning retained earnings. the adoption of ASC 606:

Lease Accounting:

In August 2015, theFebruary 2016, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-14, which delayed the effective date of the new revenue recognition guidance by one year. The updated guidance will be effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within that year. The Company is currently evaluating which of the alternative approaches it will apply and the potential impact of adoption of the revised revenue standards on its financial statements. The Company intends to complete its evaluation during its fiscal year ending June 30, 2018.

In April 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-03, “Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs.” This standard became effective on July 1, 2016 for the Company and requires that debt issuance costs be presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of long-term debt on the balance sheet. The new guidance aligns the presentation of debt issuance costs with debt discounts and premiums. The Company adopted this guidance retrospectively effective as of July 1, 2016. As a result, the Company presented $10,000 of unamortized debt issuance costs that had been included in “Other assets” on its condensed balance sheet as of June 30, 2016 as a direct deduction from the carrying amounts of the related long-term debt liability.

In July 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-11, “Inventory2016-02, “Leases (Topic 330) Related to Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory,” which applies to all inventory except that which is measured using last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) or the retail inventory method. Inventory measured using first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) or average cost is within the scope of the new guidance and should be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable cost of completion, disposal, and transportation. Subsequent measurement is unchanged for inventory measured using LIFO or the retail inventory method. The amendments will be effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The new guidance should be applied prospectively, and earlier application is permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company has evaluated that ASU 105-11 will have no material impact on its financial statements or financial statement disclosures upon adoption.

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases.842).” This standard requires the recognition of all lease transactions with terms in excess of 12 months on the balance sheet as a lease liability and a right-of-use asset (as defined in the standard). ASU 2016-02 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with earlier application permitted.  Upon adoption, the lessee will apply the new standard retrospectively to all periods presented or retrospectively using a cumulative effect adjustment in the year of adoption. The Company has evaluated that ASU 2016-02 which will have no material impact on its financial statements or financial statement disclosures upon adoption based on current facts and circumstances.

In March 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which reduces complexity in accounting standards related to share-based payment transactions, including, among others, (1) accounting for income taxes, (2) classification of excess tax benefits on the statement of cash flow, (3) forfeitures, and (4) statutory tax withholding requirements. ASU 2016-09 will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company has evaluated that ASU 2016-09 will have no material impact on its financial statements or financial statement disclosures upon adoption.

Reclassifications:Certain items in the Company’s financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2016fiscal 2018 have been reclassified to be consistent with the classifications adopted for the Company’s year ended June 30, 2017.fiscal 2019. The fiscal 2019 reclassifications are specific to the adoption of ASU 2015-03, “Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs” and had no impact on previously reported net income or equity.

Note 2.          Inventories

Revenue is measured based on consideration specified in the contract with a customer, adjusted for any applicable estimates of variable consideration and other factors affecting the transaction price, including noncash consideration, consideration paid or payable to customers and significant financing components. Revenue from all customers is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of a distinct good or service to a customer, as further described below underPerformance obligations.

Individual promised goods and services in a contract are considered a performance obligation and accounted for separately if the individual good or service is distinct (i.e., the customer can benefit from the good or service on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer and the good or service is separately identifiable from other promises in the arrangement). If an arrangement includes multiple performance obligations, the consideration is allocated between the performance obligations in proportion to their estimated standalone selling price, unless discounts or variable consideration is attributable to one or more but not all the performance obligations. Costs related to products delivered are recognized in the period incurred, unless criteria for capitalization of costs under ASC 340-40, “Other Assets and Deferred Costs”, or other applicable guidance are met.

The Company includes shipping and handling fees in net revenues. Shipping and handling costs associated with the shipment of SmartVest Systems are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of revenues.

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in accounts receivable on the condensed balance sheets as further described below underAccounts receivableandContract assets.

Disaggregation of revenues.In the following table, revenue is disaggregated by market:

In the following table, home care revenue is disaggregated by payer type:

Revenues in the Company’s home care and international markets are recognized at a point in time when control passes to the customer upon product shipment or delivery. Revenues in the Company’s institutional market include sales recognized at a point in time upon shipment or delivery as well as revenues recognized over time under operating leases.

Performance obligations and Transaction Price. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account under ASC 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation in proportion to the standalone selling price for each and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company’s performance obligations and the timing or method of revenue recognition in each of the Company’s markets are discussed below:

Home care market. In the Company’s home care market, its customers are patients who use the SmartVest System. The various models of the SmartVest System are comprised of three main components - a generator, a vest and a connecting hose that are sold together as an integrated unit. Accordingly, in contracts within the home care market, the Company regards the SmartVest System to be a single performance obligation.

The Company makes available to its home care patients limited post-sale services that are not material in the context of the contracts, either individually or taken together, and therefore does not consider them to be performance obligations. The costs associated with the services are accrued and expensed when the related revenues are recognized. As such, transactions in the home care market consist of a single performance obligation, the SmartVest System.

Home care patients generally will rely on third-party payers, including commercial payers and governmental payers such as Medicare, Medicaid, and the Veteran’s Administration, to cover and reimburse all or part of the cost of the SmartVest System. The third-party payers’ reimbursement programs fall into three types, distinguished by the differences in the timing of payments from the payer, consisting of either (1) outright sale, in which payment is received from the payer based on standard terms, (2) capped installment sale, under which the SmartVest System is sold for a series of payments that are capped not to exceed a prescribed or negotiated amount over a period of time or (3) installment sale under which the SmartVest Systems are paid for over a period of several months as long as the patient continues to use the SmartVest System.

Regardless of type of transaction, provided criteria for an enforceable contract are met, it is the Company’s long-standing business practice to regard all home care agreements as transferring control to the patient upon shipment or delivery, despite possible payment cancellation under government or commercial programs where the payer is controlling the payment over specified time periods. For home care sales that feature installment payments, the ultimate amount of consideration received from Medicare, Medicaid or commercial payers can be significantly less than expected if the contract is terminated due to changes in the patient’s status, including insurance coverage, hospitalization, death, or otherwise becoming unable to use the SmartVest System. However, once delivered to a patient who needs the system, the patient is under no obligation to return the SmartVest System should payments be terminated as a result of the described contingencies. As a result, the Company’s product sales qualify for point in time revenue recognition. Control transfers to the patient, and revenue is recognized upon shipment of the SmartVest System. At this point, physical possession and the significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the patient and either a current or future right to payment is triggered (see additional discussion underAccounts receivable andContract assetsbelow).

The Company’s contractually stated transaction prices in the home care market are generally set by the terms of the contracts negotiated with insurance companies or by government programs. The transaction price for the Company’s products may be further impacted by variable consideration. ASC 606 requires the Company to adjust the transaction price at contract inception and throughout the contract duration for the estimated value of payments to be received from insurance payers based on historical experience and other available information, subject to the constraint on estimates of variable consideration. Transactions requiring estimates of variable consideration primarily include (i) capped installment payments which are subject to the third-party payer’s termination due to changes in insurance coverage, death or the patient’s discontinued use of the SmartVest System, (ii) contracts under appeal and (iii) patient responsibility amounts for deductibles, coinsurance, copays and other similar payments.

Although estimates may be made on a contract-by-contract basis, whenever possible, the Company uses all available information including historical collection patterns to estimate variable consideration for portfolios of contracts. The Company’s estimates of variable consideration consist of amounts it may receive from insurance providers in excess of its initial revenue estimate due to patients meeting deductibles or coinsurance during the payment duration, changes to a patient’s insurance status, changes in an insurance allowable, claims in appeals with Medicare and amounts received directly from patients for their allowable or coinsurance. The Company believes it has representative historical information to estimate the amount of variable consideration in relevant portfolios considering the significant experience it has with each portfolio and the similarity of patient accounts within a portfolio. The analysis includes steps to ensure that revenue recognized on a portfolio basis does not result in a material difference when compared with an individual contract approach. The Company also leverages its historical experience and all available relevant information for each portfolio of contracts to minimize the risk its estimates used to arrive at the transaction price will result in a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur.

For example, for contracts in which the Company believes the criteria for reimbursement under government or commercial payer contracts have been met but for which coverage is unconfirmed or payments are under appeal, the Company has significant observable evidence of relatively consistent claims recovery experience over the prior three to five years. The Company believes the low volatility in historical claims approval rates for populations of patients whose demographics are similar to those of current patients provides reliable predictive value in arriving at estimates of variable consideration in such contracts. Similarly, historical payment trends for recovery of claims subject to payer installments and payments from patients have remained relatively consistent over the past five years. No significant changes in patient demographics or other relevant factors have occurred that would limit the predictive value of such payment trends in estimating variable consideration for current contracts. As a result, the Company believes its estimates of variable consideration are generally not subject to the risk of significant revenue reversal.

For each type of variable consideration discussed above, there are a large number of contracts with similar characteristics with a wide range of possible transaction prices. For that reason, the Company uses the probability-weighted expected value method provided under ASC 606 to estimate variable consideration.

The Company often receives payment from third-party payers for the SmartVest System sales over a period of time that may exceed one year. Despite these extended payment terms, no significant financing component is deemed to exist because the purpose of such terms is not to provide financing to the patient, the payer or the Company. Rather, the extended payment terms are mandated by the government or commercial insurance programs, the fundamental purpose of which is to avoid paying the full purchase price of equipment that may potentially be used by the patient for only a short period of time.

Institutional market.The Company’s institutional sales are made to adult pulmonology clinics, cystic fibrosis centers, neuromuscular clinics, pulmonary rehabilitation centers, hospitals and home health care centers. Sales to these institutions are negotiated with the individual institution or with group purchasing organizations, with payments received directly from the institution. No insurance reimbursement is involved. Generators are either sold or leased to the institutions and associated hoses and wraps (used in institutional settings rather than vests) are sold separately. Accordingly, each product is distinct and considered a separate performance obligation in sales to institutional customers. The agreements with institutions fall into two main types, distinguished by differences in the timing of transfer of control and timing of payments:

International market. Sales to international markets are made directly to a number of independent distributors at fixed contract prices that are not subject to further adjustments for variable consideration. Transfer of control of the products occurs upon shipment or delivery to the distributor as applicable.

Product Warranty.The Company offers warranties on its products. These warranties are assurance type warranties not sold on a standalone basis or are otherwise considered immaterial in the context of the contract, and therefore are not considered distinct performance obligations under ASC 606. The Company estimates the costs that may be incurred under its warranties and records a liability in the amount of such costs at the time the product is sold.

Accounts receivable.Accounts receivable include amounts billed to customers and third-party payers, for which only the passage of time is required before payment of consideration is due. Amounts due are stated at their net estimated realizable value.

Contract assets.Contract assets include amounts recognized as revenue that are estimates of variable consideration for Medicare appeals where the final determination of the insurance coverage amount is dependent on future approval of an appeal, or when the consideration due to the Company is dependent on a future event such as the patient meeting a deductible prior to the Company’s claim being processed by the payer. Contract assets are classified as current as amounts will turn into accounts receivable and be collected during the Company’s normal business operating cycle. Contract assets are reclassified to accounts receivable when the right to receive payment is unconditional.

Incremental costs to obtain a contract.Sales incentives paid to sales representatives are eligible for capitalization as they are incremental costs that would not have been incurred without entering into a specific sales arrangement and are recoverable through the expected margin on the transaction.However, the recovery period is less than one year as the performance obligation is satisfied upon shipment or delivery. Consequently, the Company will apply the practical expedient provided by ASC 340-40-25-4 and expense sales incentives as incurred. These costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company’s condensed statements of operations.

Other practical expedients. The Company did not elect to apply any of the four optional practical expedients that provide relief from applying the requirements of ASC 606 to certain types of contracts in the comparative periods presented when the full retrospective method of adoption is applied.

Contract balances.The following table provides information about accounts receivable and contracts assets from contracts with customers:

Significant changes in contract assets during the period are as follows:

The components of inventories at June 30, 20172019 and 20162018 were approximately as follows: