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| UNITED STATES |
| SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION |
| Washington, D.C. 20549 |
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FORM 10-K |
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| ☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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| | For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 20202023 | |
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| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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Commission File Number: 001-33652 |
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| FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. |
| (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) |
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| Washington | | 26-0610707 |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
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201 Wells Avenue South, Renton, Washington | | 98057 |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | | (Zip Code) |
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| Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: | | (425) 255-4400 |
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| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: | | |
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| Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share | | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC |
| (Title of Each Class) | | (Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered) |
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| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: | | |
| None | | |
Indicate by check mark if the Registrantregistrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes No X☑
Indicate by check mark if the Registrantregistrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes No X☑
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant:registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrantregistrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes X☑ No
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrantregistrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
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| Large accelerated filer | | | Accelerated filer | | | Non-accelerated filer | X ☑ |
| Smaller reporting company | X ☑ | | Emerging growth company | | | | |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. _____
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1 (b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrantregistrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
The aggregate market value of the Common Stockcommon stock outstanding held by nonaffiliates of the Registrantregistrant based on the closing sales price of the Registrant’s Common Stockregistrant’s common stock as quoted on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC on June 30, 2020,2023, was $85,122,386 (8,784,560$91,090,732 (8,011,498 shares at $9.69$11.37 per share). For purposes of this
calculation, common stock held only by executive officers, the employee stock ownership plan and directors of the Registrantregistrant is considered to be held by affiliates. AsAs of March 8, 2021,2024, the Registrantregistrant had 9,655,6149,174,425 shares of common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
1.
Portions of Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statementthe registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (Part III).to be held in May 2024 (the “Proxy Statement”), are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC.
20202023 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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| | Overview | |
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| | | Comparison of Financial Condition at December 31, 2020,2023, and December 31, 20192022 | |
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| Item 9C. | Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections | | |
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| | | Principal AccountingAccountant Fees and Services | |
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| Item 16. | Form 10-K Summary | |
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Forward-Looking Statements
Certain matters discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements relate to our financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance or business. Forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact, are based on certain assumptions and are generally identified by use of the words “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “intends,” “plans,” “targets,” “potentially,” “probably,” “projects,” “outlook” or similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would” and “could.” Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, assumptions and statements about, among other things, our pending transaction with Global Federal Credit Union (“Global”) whereby Global, pursuant to the definitive purchase and assumption agreement (the “P&A Agreement”), will acquire substantially all of the assets and assume substantially all of the liabilities of First Financial Northwest Bank, expectations of the business environment in which we operate, projections of future performance or financial items, perceived opportunities in the market, potential future credit experience, and statements regarding our mission and vision. These forward-looking statements are based upon current management expectations and may, therefore, involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results, performance, or achievements may differ materially from those suggested, expressed, or implied by forward-looking statements as a result of a wide variety or range of factors including, but not limited to:
•the effectoccurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could give rise to the right of one or all of the COVID-19 pandemic,parties to terminate the P&A Agreement;
•delays in completing the P&A Agreement;
•the failure to obtain necessary regulatory approvals and shareholder approval or to satisfy any of the other conditions to the Global transaction, including the P&A Agreement on our credit qualitya timely basis or at all;
•delays or other circumstances arising from the dissolution of First Financial Northwest Bank and First Financial Northwest Inc. following completion of the P&A Agreement;
•diversion of management’s attention from ongoing business operations as well as its impact on general economic and financial market conditions and other uncertaintiesopportunities during the pending Global transaction;
•potential adverse reactions or changes to business or employee relationships, including those resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, suchannouncement of the Global transaction;
•potential adverse impacts to economic conditions in our local market areas, other markets where the Company (defined below) has lending relationships; or other aspects of the Company’s business operations or financial markets, including, without limitation, as a result of employment levels, labor shortages and the extenteffects of inflation or deflation, a potential recession or slowed economic growth;
•changes in the interest rate environment, including the recent past increases in the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“Federal Reserve Board” or “Federal Reserve”) benchmark rate and duration at which such elevated interest rate levels are maintained, which could adversely affect our revenues and expenses, the value of assets and obligations, and the availability and cost of capital and liquidity;
•the impact of continuing elevated inflation and the current and future monetary policies of the impact on public health, Federal Reserve in response thereto;
•the U.S. and global economies, and consumer and corporate customers, including economic activity, employment levels and market liquidity;effects of any federal government shutdown;
•the credit risks of lending activities, including changes in the level and trend of loan delinquencies and write-offs, that may be affected by deterioration in the housing and commercial real estate markets, and may lead to increased losses and nonperforming assets in our loan portfolio, and may result in our allowance for loancredit losses not being adequate to cover actualexpected losses, and require us to materially increase our reserves;
•changes in general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas; changes in the levels of general interest rates, and the relative differences between short and long term interest rates, deposit interest rates, our net interest margin and funding sources;
• uncertainty regarding the future of the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), and the potential transition away from LIBOR toward new interest rate benchmarks;
•fluctuations in the demand for loans, the number of unsold homes and other properties and fluctuations in real estate values in our market areas;
•results of examinations of us by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (“FRB”) and our bank subsidiary by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), the Washington State Department of Financial Institutions, Division of Banks (“DFI”) or other regulatory authorities, including the possibility that any such regulatory authority may initiate an enforcement action against the Company or the Bank which could require us to increase our reserve for loan losses, write-down assets, change our regulatory capital position, affect our ability to borrow funds or maintain or increase deposits, or impose additional requirements or restrictions on us, any of which could adversely affect our liquidity and earnings;
•our ability to pay dividends on our common stock;
•our ability to attract and retain deposits; increases in premiums for deposit insurance;
•our ability to control operating costs and expenses;
•the use of estimates in determining the fair value of certain of our assets, which estimates may prove to be incorrect and result in significant declines in valuation;
•difficulties in reducing risk associated with the loans on our balance sheet;
•staffing fluctuations in response to product demand or the implementation of corporate strategies that affect our work force and potential associated charges;
•disruptions, security breaches, or other adverse events, failures or interruptions in, or attacks on, our information technology systems or on the third-party vendors who perform several of our critical processing functions;
•our ability to retain key members of our senior management team; costs and effects of litigation, including settlements and judgments;team
•our ability to implement a branch expansion strategy;
•our ability to successfully integrate any assets, liabilities, customers, systems, and management personnel we have acquired or may in the future acquire into our operations and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames and any goodwill charges related thereto;
•our ability to manage loan delinquency rates;
•costs and effects of any litigation that may be instituted against the Company as a result of the P&A Agreement or otherwise, including settlements and judgments;
•increased competitive pressures among financial services companies;
•changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;
•legislative or regulatory changes that adversely affect our business including changes in regulatory policies and principles, including the interpretation of regulatory capital or other rules, including as a result of Basel III;
•the impact of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) and the implementing regulations;rules;
•the availability of resources to address changes in laws, rules, or regulations or to respond to regulatory actions;
•the quality and composition of our securities portfolio and the impact of any adverse changes in the securities markets;markets, including market liquidity;
•inability of key third-party providers to perform their obligations to us;
•changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the financial institution regulatory agencies or the Financial Accounting Standards Board, including additional guidance and interpretation on accounting issues and details of the implementation of new accounting methods; including as a result of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act of 2020 ("CARES Act") and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (“CAA, 2021”);
•the economic impacteffects of climate change, severe weather events, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics and other public health crises, acts of war or any terrorist activities;terrorism, and other external events on our businesses; and
•other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory, and technological factors affecting our operations;operations, pricing, products and services, including as a result of the CARES Act, the CAA, 2021 and recent COVID-19 vaccination efforts, and other risks detailed in this Form 10-K and our other reports filed with or furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Any of the forward-looking statements that we make in this Form 10-K and in the other public reports and statements we make may turn out to be wrong because of the inaccurate assumptions we might make, because of the factors illustrated above or because of other factors that we cannot foresee. Because of these and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from those expressed in any forward‑looking statements made by or on our behalf. Therefore, these factors should be considered in evaluating the forward‑looking statements, and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements. We undertake no responsibility to update or revise any forward-looking statements.
As used throughout this report, the terms “Company”, “we”, “our”, or “us” refer to First Financial Northwest, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including First Financial Northwest Bank and First Financial Diversified Corporation.
Internet Website
The information contained on our website, www.ffnwb.com, is not included as a part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Other than an investor’s own Internet access charges, we make available free of charge through our website, our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports, proxy statements and other SEC filings on our investor relations page. All of our reports, proxy statements, and other documents filed with or furnished to the SEC filings are posted as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC and are also available free of charge at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
PART I
Item 1. Business
General
First Financial Northwest, Inc. (“First Financial Northwest” or the “Company”), a Washington corporation, was formed on June 1, 2007, for the purpose of becoming the holding company for First Financial Northwest Bank (“the Bank”(the “Bank”) in connection with the Bank’s conversion from a mutual holding company structure to a stock holding company structure which was completed on October 9, 2007. At December 31, 20202023, the Company had total assets of $1.4$1.51 billion, net loans of $1.1$1.18 billion, deposits of $1.1$1.19 billion and stockholders’ equity of $156.3$161.7 million. First Financial Northwest’s business activities generally are limited to passive investment activities and oversight of its investment in First Financial Northwestthe Bank. Accordingly, the information set forth in this report, including consolidated financial statements and related data, relates primarily to First Financial Northwestthe Bank.
The Bank was organized in 1923 as a Washington state-chartered savings and loan association, converted to a federal mutual savings and loan association in 1935 and to a Washington state-chartered mutual savings bank in 1992. In 2002, First Savingsthe Bank reorganized into a two-tier mutual holding company structure, became a stock savings bank, and the wholly-owned subsidiary of First Financial of Renton, Inc. In connection with the 2002 conversion, First Savingsthe Bank changed its name to First Savings Bank Northwest. Subsequently,Northwest, and then in August 2015, the Bank changed its name to First Financial Northwest Bank to better reflect the commercial banking services it provides beyond those typically provided by a traditional savings bank. In February 2016, the Bank officially changed its charter from a Washington chartered stock savings bank to a Washington chartered commercial bank.bank as a way of better serving its customers’ needs.
First Financial Northwest became a bank holding company, after converting from a savings and loan holding company on March 31, 2015, and is subject to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board” or “Federal Reserve”)Board through the FRB. The change was consistent with First Financial Northwestthe Bank’s shift in focus from a traditional savings and loan association towards a full service, commercial bank. Additionally, First Financial Northwestthe Bank is examined and regulated by the DFI and by the FDIC. First Financial NorthwestFDIC. The Bank is required to maintain reserves at a level set by the Federal Reserve Board. The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of Des Moines, which is one of the 11 regional banks in the Federal Home Loan Bank System (“FHLB System”). For additional information, see “How We are Regulated - Regulation and Supervision of First Financial Northwest Bank - Federal Home Loan Bank System.”
In February 2016, First Financial Northwest Bank converted its charter from a community-based savings bank to a commercial bank as a way of better serving its customer needs. The Bank’s largest concentration of customers is in King County, with additional concentrations in Snohomish, Pierce, and Kitsap counties, Washington. The Bank is headquartered in Renton, in King County, where it has a full-service branch as well as a smaller branch located in a commercial development known as “The Landing”. The Bank has additional smaller branches in King County located in Bellevue, Woodinville, Bothell, Kent, Kirkland, and Kirkland.Issaquah. In Snohomish County, Washington, the Bank has five additional smaller branches located in Mill Creek, Edmonds, Clearview, Smokey Point, and Lake Stevens. In addition, the Bank openedhas two Pierce County, Washington branches, withlocated in University Place in March 2020 and Gig Harbor in October 2020. TheHarbor. These Bank’s fifteenth branch opened in Issaquah, in King County, Washington, in March 2021. Thesebranches with the exception of its headquarters, are generally smaller branches are focused on efficiency through the extensive use of the latest banking technology. First Financial NorthwestThe Bank’s business consists of attracting deposits from the public and utilizing these funds to originate one-to-four family residential, multifamily, commercial real estate, construction/land, business and consumer loans.
TheOur principal executive office of First Financial Northwest isoffices are located at 201 Wells Avenue South, Renton, Washington, 98057; our telephone number is (425) 255-4400.
On January 10, 2024, Global Federal Credit Union, First Financial Northwest and the Bank entered into a P&A Agreement, pursuant to which Global will acquire substantially all of the assets and assume substantially all of the liabilities (including deposit liabilities) of the Bank, which we refer to herein as the asset sale, in exchange for $231.2 million in cash, subject to possible downward adjustments. The asset sale is the first integral step in the sale transaction contemplated by the P&A Agreement, which consists of: (1) the asset sale, (2) the voluntary liquidation of the Bank and distribution of the Bank’s remaining assets, which will include the cash consideration paid by Global to the Bank in the asset sale, to First Financial Northwest, and (3) the winding up and voluntary dissolution of First Financial Northwest and the distribution of its remaining assets, including the remaining net cash proceeds from the asset sale, to its shareholders.
Consummation of the asset sale and related transactions is subject to certain conditions, including, among others, approval of the P&A Agreement and the related transactions by First Financial Northwest’s shareholders, the receipt of all required regulatory approvals and expiration of applicable waiting periods, accuracy of specified representations and warranties of each party, the performance in all material respects by each party of its obligations under the P&A Agreement, and the absence of any injunctions or other legal restraints. The P&A Agreement provides certain termination rights for both Global and the Bank, and further provides that upon termination of the P&A Agreement under certain circumstances, the Bank will be
obligated to pay Global a termination fee of $9.4 million. Additional information regarding the asset sale, including the P&A Agreement, can be found in the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by First Financial Northwest with the SEC on January 11, 2024.
Market Area
We consider our primary market area to be the Puget Sound Region that consists primarily of King, Snohomish, Pierce and, to a lesser extent, Kitsap counties. During 2020,2023, the region experienced stronger appreciationa slight increase in residential real estatehome prices compared to the increases experiencedon smaller sales volume. The increase in 2019. Price appreciation was strongest in areas outside the Seattle core and in less expensive areas. Price appreciation in more expensive areas of King County such as Seattle and Bellevue have also strengthened over 2020 due to low interest rates and population growth. Home prices in King, Pierce, Snohomish and Kitsap counties have continued to experience price appreciation higher than the national average. Lower mortgage rates helped stimulatecontributed to a slowdown in demand in the fourth quarter of 2020 with sales up over last year and2023 which led to a decline in housing inventory at the end of the
year.sales. The number of homes listed for sale in King, Pierce, Snohomish and Kitsap counties has continued to drop and are downat the end of 2023 decreased from the end of 2019. The2022 with the declines rangeranging from 14%15% in KingKitsap County to a decline of 63%47% in Snohomish County. Available inventory ranges from 1.9 months in Pierce County and all counties have less than one month of inventory available.to nine months in Snohomish County.
King County has the largest population of any county in the state of Washington and covers approximately 2,100 square miles. It has a population of approximately 2.252.27 million residents and a median household income of approximately $95,000,$116,000, according to U.S. Census estimates. King County has a diversified economic base with many nationally recognized firms including Boeing, Microsoft, Amazon, Starbucks, Nordstrom, Costco and Paccar. According to the Washington State Employment Security Department, the unemployment rate for King County was 6.8%3.5% at December 31, 2020,2023, compared to 2.1%2.8% at December 31, 2019,2022, and the national average of 6.7%3.7% at December 31, 2020.2023. The median sales price of a residential home in King County for December 2020of 2023 was $676,000,$775,000, an increase of 9.9%5.4% from December 2019,of 2022, according to the Northwest Multiple Listing Service ("MLS"NMLS"). Residential sales volumes increased 4.9%decreased 24.1% in 20202023 compared to 20192022 and inventory levels as of December 31, 20202022 were at 0.61.4 months according to the MLS.NMLS.
Pierce County, covering approximately 1,700 square miles, has the second largest population of any county in the state of Washington. It has approximately 905,000927,000 residents and a median household income of approximately $72,100,$91,500, according to U.S. Census estimates. The Pierce County economy is diversified with the presence of military-related government employment (Joint Base Lewis-McChord), transportation and shipping employment (Port of Tacoma), and aerospace-related employment (Boeing). According to the Washington State Employment Security Department, the unemployment rate for Pierce County was 7.6%5.5% in December 2020,2023, compared to 4.8%5.3% at year-end 2019.2022. The median sales price of a residential home in Pierce County was $430,000$526,000 for December 2020,2023, a 16.5%5.2% increase compared to December 2019,2022, according to the MLS. NMLS. Residential sales volumes decreased by 0.4%27.4% in 20202023 compared to 20192022 and inventory levels as of December 31, 20202023 were at 0.31.9 months according to the MLS.
Snohomish County has the third largest population of any county in the state of Washington and covers approximately 2,090 square miles. It has approximately 822,000840,000 residents and a median household income of approximately $86,700,$104,000, according to U.S. Census estimates. The economy of Snohomish County is diversified with the presence of military-related government employment (Naval Station Everett), aerospace-related employment (Boeing), and retail trade. According to the Washington State Employment Security Department, the unemployment rate for Snohomish County was 7.8%3.6% in December 20202023 compared to 2.4%3.2% in December 2019.2022. The median sales price of a residential home in Snohomish County was $535,000$675,000 for December 2020, an 8.1% increaseof 2023, a 0.6% decrease compared to December 2019,of 2022, according to the MLS.NMLS. Residential sales volumes rosedeclined by 4.3%25.6% in 20202023 compared to 20192022 and inventory levels as of December 31, 20202023 were at 0.3nine months according to the MLS.
Kitsap County has the seventh largest population of any county in the state of Washington and covers approximately 395 square miles. It has approximately 271,000278,000 residents and a median household income of approximately $75,400,$93,700, according to U.S. Census estimates. The Kitsap County economy is diversified with the presence of military-related government employment (Naval Base Kitsap, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard), health care, retail trade and education. According to the Washington State Employment Security Department, the unemployment rate for Kitsap County was 6.3%4.7% in December 2020,2023, compared to 4.1%4.3% for December 2019.2022. The median sales price of a residential home was $426,000$540,000 for December 20202023 an increase of 10.6%9% over December 2019,2022, according to the MLS.NMLS. Residential sales volumes increaseddecreased by 0.6%22.3% in 20202023 compared to 20192022 and inventory levels as of December 31, 20202023 were at 0.51.8 months according to the MLS.
For a discussion regarding competition in our primary market area, see “- Competition” later in Item 1 of this report.
Lending Activities
General. We focus our lending activities primarily on loans secured by commercial real estate, construction/land, first mortgages on one-to-four family residences, multifamily, and business lending. We offer a variety of secured consumer loans, including savings account loans, auto loans and home equity loans that include lines of credit and second mortgage term loans. As of December 31, 2020,2023, our net loan portfolio totaled $1.1$1.18 billion and represented 79.3%78.1% of our total assets.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Bank participated in the U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), a guaranteed unsecured loan program enacted under the CARES Act to provide near-term relief to help small businesses impacted by COVID-19 sustain operations. The deadline for PPP loan applications to the SBA was initially August 8, 2020. Under this program we funded 462 applications totaling $52.1 million of loans in our market areas and began processing applications for loan forgiveness in the fourth quarter of 2020. As of December 31, 2020, we were approved for SBA forgiveness on 146 PPP loans totaling $11.2 million resulting in 372 PPP loans with an aggregate balance of $41.3 million outstanding. The CAA, 2021 enacted in December 2020 renewed and extended the PPP until March 31, 2021 by
authorizing an additional $284.5 billion for the program for eligible small businesses and nonprofits. As a result, the Bank began originating PPP loans again in January 2021.
Our current loan policy generally limits the maximum amount of loans we can make to one borrower to 15% of the Bank’s total risk-based capital and surplus, or $22.9$26.1 million at December 31, 2020.2023. Exceptions to this policy are allowed only with the prior approval of the Board of Directors and if the borrower exhibits financial strength or sufficient, measurable compensating factors exist after consideration of the loan-to-value ratio, borrower’s financial condition, net worth, credit history, earnings capacity, debt service coverage, installment obligations, and current payment history. The regulatory limit of loans we can make to one borrower is 20% of total risk-based capital plus the balance of the allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL”),surplus, or $31.2$34.8 million, at December 31, 2020.2023. At thisthis date, our single largest lending relationship, totaled $26.8 mill25.2 mion.illion, consisting of one commercial loan ($13.7 million) and one multifamily loan ($11.5 million), both of which were performing in accordance with their terms.
During Loan Maturity and Repricing2020, the concentration of loans to our five largest lending relationships increased. At December 31, 2020, loans to our five largest lending relationships totaled $96.3 million compared to $86.9 million. The following table sets forth certain information at December 31, 2019, an increase of $9.4 million, or 10.8%. In addition to2023, regarding the increase in the total of these relationships during 2020, their percentageamount of total loans net of loans in process (“LIP”) also increased to 8.6% at December 31, 2020, from 7.7% at 2019. However, the total number of loans comprising these relationships decreased slightlyour portfolio based on their contractual terms to 13 at December 31, 2020 from 16 at December 31, 2019. The following table details the types of loans to our five largest lending relationships at December 31, 2020. maturity, not including prepayments.
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Borrower (1) | | Number of Loans | | One-to-Four Family Residential(2) | | Multifamily | | Commercial Real Estate(2) | | Business | | Aggregate Balance of Loans |
| | | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Real estate investor | | 2 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 12,250 | | | $ | 14,500 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 26,750 | |
| Real estate investor | | 7 | | | 420 | | | — | | | 20,191 | | | — | | | 20,611 | |
| Real estate investor | | 2 | | | — | | | — | | | 18,366 | | | — | | | 18,366 | |
| Real estate investor | | 1 | | | — | | | — | | | 15,426 | | | — | | | 15,426 | |
| Real estate investor | | 1 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 15,110 | | | 15,110 | |
| Total | | 13 | | | $ | 420 | | | $ | 12,250 | | | $ | 68,483 | | | $ | 15,110 | | | $ | 96,263 | |
________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Within One Year | | After One Year Through Five Years | | After Five Years Through Fifteen Years | | Beyond Fifteen Years | | Total |
| | (In thousands) |
| Real estate: | | | | | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential | $ | 4,637 | | | $ | 19,051 | | | $ | 20,458 | | | $ | 469,077 | | | $ | 513,223 | |
| Multifamily | 26,284 | | | 42,863 | | | 53,678 | | | 15,324 | | | 138,149 | |
| Commercial | 16,026 | | | 200,382 | | | 146,420 | | | 15,031 | | | 377,859 | |
| Construction/land | 48,686 | | | 8,234 | | | 4,004 | | | — | | | 60,924 | |
| Total real estate | 95,633 | | | 270,530 | | | 224,560 | | | 499,432 | | | 1,090,155 | |
| Business | 8,601 | | | 16,604 | | | 2,544 | | | 1,332 | | | 29,081 | |
| Consumer | 278 | | | 5,016 | | | 66,674 | | | 27 | | | 71,995 | |
| Total loans | $ | 104,512 | | | $ | 292,150 | | | $ | 293,778 | | | $ | 500,791 | | | $ | 1,191,231 | |
(1) The composition of borrowers represented in the table may change between periods.
(2) The single one-to-four family residential loan is owner occupied. The commercial real estate loans are for non-owner occupied, income producing properties.
The composition of loans to our five largest borrowers has changed at December 31, 2020, as compared to December 31, 2019, with an increase in multifamily loans of $3.8 million and an increase in business loans of $15.1 million. Partially offsetting this increase, one-to-four family loans decreased by $12,000 and commercial real estate loans decreased by $9.5 million. At December 31, 2020, all of the borrowers listed in the table above were in compliance with the original repayment terms of their respective loans.
Loan Portfolio Analysis. The following table sets forth the compositionamount of our loan portfolio by type of loan at the dates indicated.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| | Amount | | Percent | | Amount | | Percent | | Amount | | Percent | | Amount | | Percent | | Amount | | Percent |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
| One-to-four family residential: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Permanent owner occupied | $ | 206,323 | | | 18.5 | % | | $ | 210,898 | | | 18.8 | % | | $ | 194,141 | | | 18.7 | % | | $ | 148,304 | | | 14.8 | % | | $ | 137,834 | | | 16.6 | % |
| Permanent non-owner occupied | 175,637 | | | 15.7 | | | 161,630 | | | 14.4 | | | 147,825 | | | 14.3 | | | 130,351 | | | 13.0 | | | 111,601 | | | 13.5 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 381,960 | | | 34.2 | | | 372,528 | | | 33.2 | | | 341,966 | | | 33.0 | | | 278,655 | | | 27.8 | | | 249,435 | | | 30.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Multifamily real estate | 136,694 | | | 12.2 | | | 172,915 | | | 15.4 | | | 169,355 | | | 16.3 | | | 184,902 | | | 18.5 | | | 123,250 | | | 14.9 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Commercial real estate | 385,265 | | | 34.5 | | | 395,152 | | | 35.2 | | | 373,798 | | | 36.0 | | | 361,299 | | | 36.0 | | | 303,694 | | | 36.7 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Construction/land: (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential | 33,396 | | | 3.0 | | | 44,491 | | | 4.0 | | | 51,747 | | | 5.0 | | | 40,522 | | | 4.0 | | | 34,909 | | | 4.2 | |
| Multifamily | 51,215 | | | 4.6 | | | 40,954 | | | 3.6 | | | 40,502 | | | 3.9 | | | 66,210 | | | 6.6 | | | 72,030 | | | 8.7 | |
| Commercial real estate | 5,783 | | | 0.5 | | | 19,550 | | | 1.7 | | | 9,976 | | | 1.0 | | | 2,481 | | | 0.3 | | | — | | | — | |
| Land | 1,813 | | | 0.2 | | | 8,670 | | | 0.8 | | | 6,629 | | | 0.6 | | | 36,405 | | | 3.6 | | | 29,983 | | | 3.6 | |
| | 92,207 | | | 8.3 | | | 113,665 | | | 10.1 | | | 108,854 | | | 10.5 | | | 145,618 | | | 14.5 | | | 136,922 | | | 16.5 | |
| Business | 80,663 | | | 7.2 | | | 37,779 | | | 3.4 | | | 30,486 | | | 3.0 | | | 23,087 | | | 2.3 | | | 7,938 | | | 1.0 | |
| Consumer | 40,621 | | | 3.6 | | | 30,199 | | | 2.7 | | | 12,970 | | | 1.2 | | | 9,133 | | | 0.9 | | | 6,922 | | | 0.8 | |
| Total loans | 1,117,410 | | | 100.0 | % | | 1,122,238 | | | 100.0 | % | | 1,037,429 | | | 100.0 | % | | 1,002,694 | | | 100.0 | % | | 828,161 | | | 100.0 | % |
| Less: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Deferred loan fees, net | 1,654 | | | | | 558 | | | | | 1,178 | | | | | 1,150 | | | | | 2,167 | | | |
| ALLL | 15,174 | | | | | 13,218 | | | | | 13,347 | | | | | 12,882 | | | | | 10,951 | | | |
| Loans receivable, net | $ | 1,100,582 | | | | | $ | 1,108,462 | | | | | $ | 1,022,904 | | | | | $ | 988,662 | | | | | $ | 815,043 | | | |
_____________
(1) Included in the construction/land category are “rollover”total loans which are loans that will convert upon completion of the construction period to permanent loans. Atdue one year or more after December 31, 2020, we included rollover loans of $51.2 million of multifamily loans and $5.8 million of commercial real estate loans in the construction/land category. In addition, the construction/land category included $1.8 million of loans for raw land2023, with fixed or buildable lots where the Company does not intend to finance the construction.adjustable interest rates.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Fixed-Rate | | Adjustable-Rate | | Total |
| | (In thousands) |
| Real estate: | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential | $ | 157,489 | | | $ | 351,097 | | | $ | 508,586 | |
| Multifamily | 37,124 | | | 74,741 | | | 111,865 | |
| Commercial | 149,380 | | | 212,453 | | | 361,833 | |
| Construction/land | 605 | | | 11,633 | | | 12,238 | |
| Total real estate | 344,598 | | | 649,924 | | | 994,522 | |
| Business | 3,805 | | | 16,675 | | | 20,480 | |
| Consumer | 59,236 | | | 12,481 | | | 71,717 | |
| Total loans | $ | 407,639 | | | $ | 679,080 | | | $ | 1,086,719 | |
The following table shows the composition of our loan portfolio by fixed- and adjustable-rate loans at the dates indicated.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| | Amount | | Percent | | Amount | | Percent | | Amount | | Percent | | Amount | | Percent | | Amount | | Percent |
| FIXED-RATE LOANS | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential | $ | 169,560 | | | 15.2 | % | | $ | 184,174 | | | 16.4 | % | | $ | 185,755 | | | 18.0 | % | | $ | 177,086 | | | 17.7 | % | | $ | 169,523 | | | 20.5 | % |
| Multifamily | 45,441 | | | 4.1 | | | 54,762 | | | 4.9 | | | 68,737 | | | 6.6 | | | 77,824 | | | 7.8 | | | 72,593 | | | 8.7 | |
| Commercial real estate | 177,000 | | | 15.8 | | | 185,503 | | | 16.5 | | | 179,838 | | | 17.3 | | | 208,899 | | | 20.8 | | | 211,054 | | | 25.5 | |
| Construction/land | 55,123 | | | 4.9 | | | 32,880 | | | 2.9 | | | 22,552 | | | 2.2 | | | 29,516 | | | 2.9 | | | 28,287 | | | 3.4 | |
| Total real estate | 447,124 | | | 40.0 | | | 457,319 | | | 40.7 | | | 456,882 | | | 44.1 | | | 493,325 | | | 49.2 | | | 481,457 | | | 58.1 | |
| Business | 64,398 | | | 5.8 | | | 18,787 | | | 1.7 | | | 13,760 | | | 1.3 | | | 9,097 | | | 0.9 | | | 640 | | | 0.1 | |
| Consumer | 30,724 | | | 2.7 | | | 19,422 | | | 1.7 | | | 1,018 | | | 0.1 | | | 136 | | | — | | | 432 | | | 0.1 | |
| Total fixed-rate loans | 542,246 | | | 48.5 | | | 495,528 | | | 44.1 | | | 471,660 | | | 45.5 | | | 502,558 | | | 50.1 | | | 482,529 | | | 58.3 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ADJUSTABLE-RATE LOANS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential | 212,400 | | | 19.0 | | | 188,354 | | | 16.8 | | | 156,211 | | | 15.1 | | | 101,569 | | | 10.1 | | | 79,912 | | | 9.6 | |
| Multifamily | 91,253 | | | 8.2 | | | 118,153 | | | 10.5 | | | 100,618 | | | 9.7 | | | 107,078 | | | 10.7 | | | 50,657 | | | 6.1 | |
| Commercial real estate | 208,265 | | | 18.6 | | | 209,649 | | | 18.7 | | | 193,960 | | | 18.7 | | | 152,400 | | | 15.2 | | | 92,640 | | | 11.2 | |
| Construction/land | 37,084 | | | 3.3 | | | 80,785 | | | 7.2 | | | 86,302 | | | 8.3 | | | 116,102 | | | 11.6 | | | 108,635 | | | 13.1 | |
| Total real estate | 549,002 | | | 49.1 | | | 596,941 | | | 53.2 | | | 537,091 | | | 51.8 | | | 477,149 | | | 47.6 | | | 331,844 | | | 40.0 | |
| Business | 16,265 | | | 1.5 | | | 18,992 | | | 1.7 | | | 16,726 | | | 1.5 | | | 13,990 | | | 1.4 | | | 7,298 | | | 0.9 | |
| Consumer | 9,897 | | | 0.9 | | | 10,777 | | | 1.0 | | | 11,952 | | | 1.2 | | | 8,997 | | | 0.9 | | | 6,490 | | | 0.8 | |
| Total adjustable-rate loans | 575,164 | | | 51.5 | | | 626,710 | | | 55.9 | | | 565,769 | | | 54.5 | | | 500,136 | | | 49.9 | | | 345,632 | | | 41.7 | |
| Total loans | 1,117,410 | | | 100.0 | % | | 1,122,238 | | | 100.0 | % | | 1,037,429 | | | 100.0 | % | | 1,002,694 | | | 100.0 | % | | 828,161 | | | 100.0 | % |
| Less: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Deferred loan fees, net | 1,654 | | | | | 558 | | | | | 1,178 | | | | | 1,150 | | | | | 2,167 | | | |
| ALLL | 15,174 | | | | | 13,218 | | | | | 13,347 | | | | | 12,882 | | | | | 10,951 | | | |
| Loans receivable, net | $ | 1,100,582 | | | | | $ | 1,108,462 | | | | | $ | 1,022,904 | | | | | $ | 988,662 | | | | | $ | 815,043 | | | |
Geographic Distribution of our Loans. The following table shows the geographic distribution of our loan portfolio in dollar amounts and percentages at December 31, 2020.2023.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Puget Sound Region (1) | | Other Washington Counties | | Total in Washington State | | All Other States (2) | | Total |
| Amount | | % of Total in Category | | Amount | | % of Total in Category | | Amount | | % of Total in Category | | Amount | | % of Total in Category | | Amount | | % of Total in Category |
| Real estate: | (Dollars in thousands) |
One-to-four family
residential | $ | 367,541 | | | 96.2 | % | | $ | 11,358 | | | 3.0 | % | | $ | 378,899 | | | 99.2 | % | | $ | 3,061 | | | 0.8 | % | | $ | 381,960 | | | 100.0 | % |
| Multifamily | 90,184 | | | 66.0 | | | 23,382 | | | 17.1 | | | 113,566 | | | 83.1 | | | 23,128 | | | 16.9 | | | 136,694 | | | 100.0 | % |
| Commercial | 260,822 | | | 67.7 | | | 48,812 | | | 12.7 | | | 309,634 | | | 80.4 | | | 75,631 | | | 19.6 | | | 385,265 | | | 100.0 | % |
| Construction/land | 92,207 | | | 100.0 | | | — | | | — | | | 92,207 | | | 100.0 | | | — | | | — | | | 92,207 | | | 100.0 | % |
| Total real estate | 810,754 | | | 81.4 | | | 83,552 | | | 8.4 | | | 894,306 | | | 89.8 | | | 101,820 | | | 10.2 | | | 996,126 | | | 100.0 | % |
| Business | 68,921 | | | 85.3 | | | 758 | | | 0.9 | | | 69,679 | | | 86.4 | | | 10,984 | | | 13.6 | | | 80,663 | | | 100.0 | % |
| Consumer | 12,672 | | | 31.2 | | | 86 | | | 0.2 | | | 12,758 | | | 31.4 | | | 27,863 | | | 68.6 | | | 40,621 | | | 100.0 | % |
| Total Loans | $ | 892,347 | | | 79.8 | % | | $ | 84,396 | | | 7.6 | % | | $ | 976,743 | | | 87.4 | % | | $ | 140,667 | | | 12.6 | % | | $ | 1,117,410 | | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Puget Sound Region (1) | | Other Washington Counties | | Total in Washington State | | All Other States (2) | | Total |
| Amount | | % of Total in Category | | Amount | | % of Total in Category | | Amount | | % of Total in Category | | Amount | | % of Total in Category | | Amount | | % of Total in Category |
| Real estate: | (Dollars in thousands) |
One-to-four family
residential | $ | 479,307 | | | 93.4 | % | | $ | 22,989 | | | 4.5 | % | | $ | 502,296 | | | 97.9 | % | | $ | 10,927 | | | 2.1 | % | | $ | 513,223 | | | 100.0 | % |
| Multifamily | 103,279 | | | 74.8 | | | 26,902 | | | 19.5 | | | 130,181 | | | 94.3 | | | 7,968 | | | 5.7 | | | 138,149 | | | 100.0 | % |
| Commercial | 277,736 | | | 73.5 | | | 29,759 | | | 7.9 | | | 307,495 | | | 81.4 | | | 70,364 | | | 18.6 | | | 377,859 | | | 100.0 | % |
| Construction/land | 59,972 | | | 98.4 | | | 952 | | | 1.6 | | | 60,924 | | | 100.0 | | | — | | | — | | | 60,924 | | | 100.0 | % |
| Total real estate | 920,294 | | | 84.4 | | | 80,602 | | | 7.4 | | | 1,000,896 | | | 91.8 | | | 89,259 | | | 8.2 | | | 1,090,155 | | | 100.0 | % |
| Business | 21,892 | | | 75.3 | | | 211 | | | 0.7 | | | 22,103 | | | 76.0 | | | 6,978 | | | 24.0 | | | 29,081 | | | 100.0 | % |
| Consumer | 14,513 | | | 20.2 | | | 946 | | | 1.3 | | | 15,459 | | | 21.5 | | | 56,536 | | | 78.5 | | | 71,995 | | | 100.0 | % |
| Total Loans | $ | 956,699 | | | 80.3 | % | | $ | 81,759 | | | 6.9 | % | | $ | 1,038,458 | | | 87.2 | % | | $ | 152,773 | | | 12.8 | % | | $ | 1,191,231 | | | 100.0 | % |
____________
(1) Includes King, Snohomish, Pierce and Kitsap counties.
(2) Includes loans in California Utah,($35.1 million), Florida ($11.4 million), Texas ($10.2 million), Oregon Georgia,($10.0 million), Alabama ($7.8 million), 41 other states and 39 other states.Washington, D.C. ($78.3 million).
One-to-Four Family Residential Lending. As of December 31, 20202023, $382.0$513.2 million, or 34.2%43.1% of our total loan portfolio consisted of loans secured by one-to-four family residences.
First Financial NorthwestThe Bank is a traditional portfolio lender when it comes to financing residential home loans. In 20202023, we originated $107.6$87.3 million and purchased $1.5$2.1 million in one-to-four family residential loans. The purchased loans were part of our efforts to increase our portfolio of Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) qualified loans. At December 31, 20202023, $206.3$284.5 million, or 54.0%55.4% of our one-to-four family residential portfolio consisted of owner occupied loans with the remaining $175.6$228.8 million, or 46.0%44.6% consisting of non-owner occupied loans. In addition, at December 31, 20202023, $169.6$158.0 million, or 44.4%30.8% of our one-to-four family residential loan portfolio consisted of fixed-rate loans. Substantially all of our one-to-four family residential loans require monthly principal and interest payments.
Our fixed-rate, one-to-four family residential loans are generally originated with 15 to 30 year terms, although such loans typically remain outstanding for substantially shorter periods, particularly in the current low interest rate environment.periods. We also originate hybrid loans with initial fixed-rate terms of five to ten years that convert to variable-rate which adjusts annually thereafter. In addition, substantially all of our one-to-four family residential loans contain due-on-sale clauses that allow us to declare the unpaid amount due and payable upon the sale of the property securing the loan. Typically, we enforce these due‑on‑sale clauses to the extent permitted by law and as a standard course of business. The average period of time a loan is outstanding is a function of, among other factors, the level of purchase and sale activity in the real estate market, prevailing interest rates, and the interest rates payable on outstanding loans.
Our lending policy generally limits the maximum loan-to-value ratio on mortgage loans secured by one-to-four family residential properties to 85%FDIC limits. Generally, our one-to-four family loans do not exceed 80% loan-to-value based on the lower of the lesser of thepurchase price or appraised value orat the purchase price.time of loan origination. Properties securing our one-to-four family residential loans are appraised by independent appraisers approved by us. We require the borrowers to obtain title insurance and if necessary, flood insurance. We generally do not require earthquake insurance due to competitive market factors.
Loans secured by rental properties represent potentially higher risk and, as a result, we adhere to more stringent underwriting guidelines. Of primary concern in non-owner occupied real estate lending is the consistency of rental income of the property. Payments on loans secured by rental properties depend primarily on the tenants’ continuing ability to pay rent to the property owner, the character of the borrower or, if the property owner is unable to find a tenant, the property owner’s ability to repay the loan without the benefit of a rental income stream. In addition, successful operation and management of non-owner occupied properties, including property maintenance standards, may affect repayment. As a result, repayment of such loans may be subject to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy. We request that borrowers and loan guarantors, if any, provide annual financial statements, a budget factoring in a rental income cash flow analysis of the borrower as well as the net operating income of the property, information concerning the borrower’s expertise, credit history and profitability, and the value of the underlying property. These loans are generally secured by a first mortgage on the underlying collateral property along with an assignment of rents and leases. If the borrower has multiple rental property loans with us, the loans are typically not cross‑collateralized. AtAs of December 31, 2020,2023, there were no nonaccrual one-to-four family loans. However, at that date, we did have two one-to-four family loans in nonaccrual status.totaling $317,000, which were 90 days or more past due. Despite their overdue status, both loans well collateralized and no loss was expected by the Bank on these loans.
Multifamily and Commercial Real Estate Lending. As of December 31, 20202023, $136.7$138.1 million, or 12.2%11.6% of our total loan portfolio was secured by multifamily properties and $385.3$377.9 million, or 34.5%31.6% of our loan portfolio was secured by commercial real estate properties. Our commercial real estate loans are typically secured by office and medical buildings, retail shopping centers, office buildings, hotels or motels, mini-storage facilities, industrial use buildingsmobile home parks, warehouses, and warehouses.nursing homes. Commercial real estate and multifamily loans are subject to similar underwriting standards and processes. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate.
Typically, multifamily and commercial real estate loans have higher balances, are more complex to evaluate and monitor, and involve a greater degree of risk than one-to-four-family residential loans. In an attempt to compensate for and mitigate this risk, these loans are generally priced at higher interest rates than one-to-four family residential loans and generally have a maximum loan-to-value ratioLTV of 80% of the lesser of the appraised value or purchase price. We generally require loan guarantees by any parties with a property ownership interest of 20% or more. If the borrower is a corporation or partnership, we generally require personal guarantees from the principals based upon a review of their personal financial statements and individual credit reports.
The following table presents a breakdown of our multifamily and commercial real estate loan portfolio at December 31, 2020,2023, and 2019:2022:
| | December 31, 2023 | | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Amount | | | Amount | | % of Total in Portfolio | | Amount | | % of Total in Portfolio |
| (Dollars in thousands) | | | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Multifamily real estate: | |
| | | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 |
| Total multifamily | |
| | Amount | | % of Total in Portfolio | | Amount | | % of Total in Portfolio |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Multifamily real estate: | |
| Multifamily, general | $ | 125,328 | | | 91.7 | % | | $ | 159,106 | | | 92.0 | % |
| Micro-unit apartments | 11,366 | | | 8.3 | | | 13,809 | | | 8.0 | |
| Total multifamily | |
| | Total multifamily | Total multifamily | $ | 136,694 | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 172,915 | | | 100.0 | % | $ | 138,149 | | | 100.0 | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 126,866 | | | 100.0 | | 100.0 | % |
| | Commercial real estate: | Commercial real estate: | |
| Commercial real estate: | |
| Commercial real estate: | |
| Retail | |
| Retail | |
| Retail | Retail | $ | 114,117 | | | 29.6 | % | | $ | 133,094 | | | 33.7 | % | $ | 124,172 | | | 32.9 | | 32.9 | % | | $ | 132,917 | | | 32.5 | | 32.5 | % |
| Office | Office | 84,311 | | | 22.0 | | | 100,744 | | | 25.5 | |
| Hotel / motel | Hotel / motel | 69,304 | | | 18.0 | | | 42,971 | | | 10.9 | |
| Storage | Storage | 33,671 | | | 8.7 | | | 37,190 | | | 9.4 | |
| Mobile home park | Mobile home park | 28,094 | | | 7.3 | | | 26,099 | | | 6.6 | |
| Warehouse | Warehouse | 17,484 | | | 4.5 | | | 17,595 | | | 4.4 | |
| Nursing home | Nursing home | 12,868 | | | 3.3 | | | 11,831 | | | 3.0 | |
| Other non-residential | Other non-residential | 25,416 | | | 6.6 | | | 25,628 | | | 6.5 | |
| Total non-residential | Total non-residential | $ | 385,265 | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 395,152 | | | 100.0 | % | Total non-residential | $ | 377,859 | | | 100.0 | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 407,904 | | | 100.0 | | 100.0 | % |
The average loan size in our multifamily and commercial real estate loan portfolios was $917,000$987,000 and $1.9$2.1 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2020.2023. At this date, $46.5$34.9 million, or 34.0%,25.2% of our multifamily loans and $124.4$100.1 million, or 32.3%,26.5% of our commercial real estate loans were located outside of the Puget Sound Region. We currently target individual multifamily and commercial real estate loans between $1.0 million and $5.0 million. The largest multifamily loan as of December 31, 2020,2023, was a 74-unit79-unit apartment complex with a net outstanding principal balance of $12.3$15.9 million located in King County, Washington, which was performing in accordance with its loan repayment terms at that date. As of December 31, 2020,2023, the largest commercial real estate loan had a net outstanding balance of $15.4$15.1 million that was secured by a hotelretail facility located in King County, Washington. This commercial loan is on impaired status butWashington, which was performing in accordance with its loan repayment terms at December 31, 2020.that date.
The credit risk related to multifamily and commercial real estate loans is considered to be greater than the risk related to one-to-four family residential loans because the repayment of multifamily and commercial real estate loans typically is dependent on the income stream from the real estate securing the loan as collateral and the successful operation of the borrower’s business, that can be significantly affected by adverse conditions in the real estate markets or in the economy. For example, if the cash flow from the borrower’s project is reduced due to leases not being obtained or renewed, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. In addition, many of our multifamily and commercial real estate loans are not fully amortizing and contain large balloon payments upon maturity. These balloon payments generally require the borrower to either refinance or occasionally sell the underlying property in order to make the balloon payment.
If we foreclose on a multifamily or commercial real estate loan, our holding period for the collateral typically is longer than for one-to-four family residential mortgage loan foreclosures because there are fewer potential purchasers of the collateral. Our multifamily and commercial real estate loans generally have relatively large balances to single borrowers or related groups of borrowers. Accordingly, if we make any errors in judgment in the collectability of our multifamily or commercial real estate loans, any resulting charge-offs may be larger on a per loan basis than those incurred in our one-to-four family residential or consumer loan portfolios. At December 31, 2020, thereThere were no commercial real estate loans and a $2.1 millionor multifamily loan inloans on nonaccrual status. Subsequent tostatus at both December 31, 2020, the borrower entered into a purchase2023 and sale agreement on the property, which is expected to close in March 2021. The Bank does not expect to incur a loss on this loan. There were no multifamily or commercial real estate loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest at December 31, 2020. 2022. In addition, there were no multifamily or commercial real estate loans charged-off during the years ended December 31, 2020,2023 and 2019.2022.
Construction/Land Loans. We originate construction/land loans primarily to residential builders for the construction of single-family residences, condominiums, townhouses, multifamily properties and residential developments located in our market area. Land loans include land non-development loans for the purchase or refinance of unimproved land held for future residential development, improved residential lots held for speculative investment purposes or lines of credit secured by land, and land development loans. Construction/land loans to builders generally require the borrower to have an existing relationship with the BankCompany and a proven record of successful projects. At December 31, 20202023, our total construction/land loans decreased to $92.2$60.9 million or 8.3%5.1% of our total loan portfolio, from $113.7$77.6 million, or 10.1%6.6% of our total loans, at
December 31, 2019.2022, as a result of $15.4 million of multifamily construction/land loans converting to permanent multifamily loans. The Company’s strategic plan projects slight growth in construction loan origination activity in 2021 in support of our loan growth. The Bank’s lending policy sets forth the guideline that the balance of our net acquisition, development, and construction loans and deferred fees and costs, not exceed 100% of the Bank’s risk-based capital.total capital plus surplus. The BankCompany was in compliance with this policy at December 31, 2020,2023, with a balance equal to 61.6%38.3% of the Bank’s risk-based capital.total capital plus surplus. Management intends to maintain levels near or below this guideline, however the uncertainty of the timing associated with construction loan draws occasionally results in the actual concentration exceeding the guideline. There were no construction/land loans classified as nonaccrual at either December 31, 2020 or 2019.2023 and 2022. There were no construction/land loan charge-offs during the years ended December 31, 2020,2023 and 2019.2022. At December 31, 2020,2023, the LIPloans in process (“LIP”) balance on construction/land loans was $59.8$44.6 million.
Following is the composition of our total construction/land loan portfolio, that are net of LIP, at the dates indicated. All of the loans represented were performing:
| | | |
| | |
| | | December 31, |
| | | | December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | |
| | | (In thousands) | (In thousands) |
| Construction speculative: | Construction speculative: | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential | One-to-four family residential | $ | 33,396 | | | $ | 40,993 | | |
| Multifamily | — | | | 2,394 | | |
| Commercial real estate | — | | | 1,227 | | |
| One-to-four family residential | |
| One-to-four family residential | |
| | Total construction speculative | |
| | Total construction speculative | |
| | Total construction speculative | Total construction speculative | 33,396 | | | 44,614 | | |
Construction permanent: (1) | Construction permanent: (1) | | |
| One-to-four family residential | — | | | 3,498 | | |
Construction permanent: (1) | |
Construction permanent: (1) | |
| | Multifamily | Multifamily | 51,215 | | | 38,560 | | |
| Commercial real estate | 5,783 | | | 18,323 | | |
| | Multifamily | |
| | Multifamily | |
| | Total construction permanent | |
| | Total construction permanent | |
| | Total construction permanent | Total construction permanent | 56,998 | | | 60,381 | | |
| Land: | Land: | | |
| | Land: | |
| Land: | |
| Land development | |
| Land development | |
| Land development | |
| Land non-development | |
| Land non-development | |
| Land non-development | Land non-development | 1,813 | | | 8,670 | | |
| Total land | Total land | 1,813 | | | 8,670 | | |
| Total land | |
| Total land | |
| Total construction/land loans | Total construction/land loans | $ | 92,207 | | | $ | 113,665 | | |
| Total construction/land loans | |
| Total construction/land loans | |
_____________
(1) Includes loans where the builder does not intend to sell the property after the construction phase is completed.
The following table includes construction/land loans by county at December 31, 20202023:
| | County | County | | Loan Balance | | Percent of Construction/Land Loan Balance | County | | Loan Balance | | Percent of Construction/Land Loan Balance |
| | | | (Dollars in thousands) | | | (Dollars in thousands) |
| King | King | | $ | 83,130 | | | 90.2 | % | King | | $ | 59,438 | | | 97.5 | | 97.5 | % |
| Snohomish | Snohomish | | 1,300 | | | 1.4 | |
| Pierce | | 5,527 | | | 6.0 | |
| Kitsap | | 2,250 | | | 2.4 | |
| | Other Washington counties | |
| | Other Washington counties | |
| | Other Washington counties | |
| | Total | Total | | $ | 92,207 | | | 100.0 | % |
| | Total | |
| | Total | | | $ | 60,924 | | | 100.0 | % |
Loans to finance the construction of single-family homes, subdivisions and land loans are generally offered to builders in our primary market areas. Loans that are termed “speculative” are those where the builder does not have, at the time of loan origination, a signed contract with a buyer for the home or lot who has a commitment for permanent financing with either us or
another lender. The buyer may be identified either during or after the construction period, with the risk that the builder may have to fund the debt service on the speculative loan along with real estate taxes and other carrying costs for the project for a significant period of time after completion of the project until a buyer is identified. The maximum loan-to-valueLTV ratio applicable to these loans is generally 100% of the actual cost of construction, provided that the loan-to-completed valueLTV on the completed project does not exceed 80%, with approval required from the Chief Credit Officer (“CCO”) for loan-to-valueLTV ratios over 80%. In addition, a minimum of 20% verified equity is generally also required. Verified equity refers to cash equity invested in the project. Development plans are required from builders prior to committing to the loan. We require that builders maintain adequate title insurance and other appropriate insurance coverage, and, if applicable, appropriate environmental data report(s) that the land is free of hazardous or toxic waste. While maturity dates for residential construction loans are largely a function of the estimated construction period of the project and typically do not exceed one year, land loans generally are for 12 to 18 months. Substantially all of our residential construction loans have adjustable-rates of interest based on The Wall Street Journal prime rate. During the term of
construction, the accumulated interest on the loan is either added to the principal of the loan through an interest reserve or billed monthly. At December 31, 2020,2023, there was no interest reserve included in the LIP balance on construction/land loans. At December 31, 2022, the LIP balance on construction/land loans included $5.0$5.2 million set aside for interest reserves. When these loans exhaust their original reserves set up at origination, no additional reserves are permitted unless the loan is re-analyzed and it is determined that the additional reserves are appropriate, based on the updated analysis. Construction loan proceeds are disbursed periodically as construction progresses and as inspections by our approved inspectors warrant. At December 31, 2020,2023, our three largest construction/land loans consisted of multifamily, construction/land development and one-to-four family residential loans of $12.1$4.0 million, $8.3$4.8 million, and $6.9 million. All three loans$4.8 million, respectively, all of which properties are located in King County. The $4.0 million multifamily loan will rollover to a permanent loan upon completion of the construction period and all three properties are located in King County.period.
Certain of our residential construction loans to borrowers for one-to-four family, non-owner occupied residences are structured to be converted to fixed-rate permanent loans at the end of the construction phase with one closing for both the construction loan and the permanent financing. Prior to making a commitment to fund a construction loan, we require an appraisal of the post‑construction value of the project by an independent appraiser. During the construction phase, which typically lastsmay last 12 to 1824 months, an approved inspector or designated Bank employee makes periodic inspections of the construction site to certify construction has reached the stated percentage of completion. Typically, disbursements are made in monthly draws and interest-only payments are required. At December 31, 2020,2023, there were no residential construction loans requiring awhich will rollover to a permanent loanloans with the Bank at the completion of the construction phase.
We also make construction loans for commercial development projects. The projects include multifamily, retail, office/office, warehouse, hotels and office buildings. These loans typically have an interest-only payment phase during construction and generally convert to permanent financing when construction is complete. Disbursement of funds is at our sole discretion and is based on the progress of construction. The Bank uses an independent third party or Bank employee to conduct monthly inspections to certify that construction has reached the stated percentage of completion and that previous disbursements are reflected in the degree of work performed to date. Generally, the maximum loan-to-valueLTV ratio applicable to these loans is 90% of the actual cost of construction or 80% of the prospective value at completion. At December 31, 2020, $51.2 million and $5.8 million of multifamily and commercial real estate construction loans, respectively, will rollover to permanent loans with the Bank at the end of their construction period.
Land development loans are generally made to builders for preparation of a building site and do not include the construction of buildings on the property. The maximum loan-to-value ratioLTV for these loans is 75%. based on the lower of the purchase price or appraised value at the time of loan origination. Land non-development loans are generally for raw land where we do not finance the cost of preparing the site for building and are subject to a maximum loan‑to‑valueLTV ratio of 65%. based on the lower of the purchase price or appraised value at the time of loan origination.
Our construction/land loans are based upon estimates of costs in relation to values associated with the completed project. Construction/land lending involves additional risks when compared with permanent residential lending because funds are advanced upon the collateral for the project based on an estimate of costs that will produce a future value at completion. Because of the uncertainties inherent in estimating construction costs, time needed to complete the building phase, as well as the market value of the completed project and the effects of governmental regulation on real property, it is relatively difficult to evaluate accurately the total funds required to complete a project and the completed project loan-to-valueLTV ratio. Changes in the demand such as for new housing, longer completion times due to supply chain issues, and higher than anticipated building costs may cause actual results to vary significantly from those estimated. For these reasons, this type of lending also typically involves higher loan principal amounts and is often concentrated with a small number of builders. These loans often involve the disbursement of funds with repayment substantially dependent on the success of the ultimate project and the ability of the borrower to sell or lease the property or obtain permanent take-out financing, rather than the ability of the borrower or guarantor to repay principal and interest. If our appraisal of the value of a completed project proves to be overstated, we may have inadequate security for the repayment of the loan upon completion of construction of the project and may incur a loss. Because construction loans require active monitoring of the building process, including cost comparisons and on-site inspections, these loans are more difficult and costly to monitor. Increases in market rates of interest may have a more
pronounced effect on construction loans by rapidly increasing the end-purchasers’ borrowing costs, thereby reducing the overall demand for the project. Properties under construction are often difficult to sell and typically must be completed in order to be successfully sold, which also complicates the process of working out problem construction loans. This may require us to advance additional funds and/or contract with another builder to complete construction. Furthermore, in the case of speculative construction loans, there is the added risk associated with identifying an end-purchaser for the finished project. Land loans also pose additional risk because of the lack of income being produced by the property and the potential illiquid nature of the collateral. These risks can also be significantly influenced by supply and demand conditions.
Business Lending. Business loans (including PPP loans) totaled $80.7$29.1 million, or 7.2%2.5% of the loan portfolio at December 31, 20202023. The Company participated in the U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), a guaranteed
unsecured loan program enacted under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act of 2020 to provide near-term relief to help small businesses impacted by COVID-19 sustain operations. The PPP began in 2020 and ended on May 31, 2021. Under this program we funded 723 applications totaling $77.7 million of loans in our market areas and began processing applications for loan forgiveness in the fourth quarter of 2020. At December 31, 2023, there were five PPP loans outstanding totaling $473,000, as compared to the same loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $783,000 at December 31, 2022. The Company also originates loans under other SBA lending programs, which are partially guaranteed by the SBA. At December 31, 2023, the Bank’s portfolio included $1.8 million of these SBA loans, of which $1.3 million is guaranteed by the SBA. At that date, these SBA loans were not held for sale, however, the Company may elect to sell off the guaranteed portion of these loans in the future.
Conventional business loans (loans other than PPP loans) are generally secured by business equipment, accounts receivable, inventory or other property. Loan terms typically vary from one to five years. The interest rates on such loans are either fixed-rate or adjustable-rate. The interest rates for the adjustable‑rate loans are indexed to the prime rate published in The Wall Street Journal plus a margin. Our business lending policy includes credit file documentation and requires analysis of the borrower’s background, capacity to repay the loan, the adequacy of the borrower’s capital and collateral, as well as an evaluation of other conditions affecting the borrower. Analysis of the borrower’s past, present and future cash flows is also an important aspect of our credit analysis. We generally obtain personal guarantees on our conventional business loans. The largest conventional business loan had an outstanding balance of $15.1$14.4 million at December 31, 20202023 and was performing according to its repayment terms. At December 31, 20202023, we did not have any business loans delinquent in excess of 90 days or in nonaccrual status.
Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, we began to offer PPP loans which are fully guaranteed by the SBA, to existing and new customers as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. These PPP loans are subject to the provisions of the CARES Act as well as complex and evolving rules and guidance issued by the SBA and the U.S. Department of the Treasury. The entire principal amount of the borrower's PPP loan, including any accrued interest, is eligible to be forgiven and repaid by the SBA if the borrower meets the PPP conditions. Under this program, as of December 31, 2020, there were 372 PPP loans outstanding totaling $41.3 million. As of December 31, 2020, a total of 146 PPP loans totaling $11.2 million had been approved for forgiveness, with $434,000 of this amount included in our outstanding balance at December 31, 2020. The CAA, 2021 renewed and extended the PPP until March 31, 2021 by authorizing an additional $284.5 billion for the program.As a result, in January 2021, the Bank began accepting and processing loan applications under this second PPP program. The Bank earns 1% interest on PPP loans as well as a fee from the SBA to cover processing costs, which is amortized over the life of the loan. The Bank expects the majority of its PPP borrowers will seek full or partial forgiveness of their loan obligations. For additional information regarding these loans, see Item 1A. Risk Factors- “Risks Related to Our Lending- Loans originated under the SBA Paycheck Protection Program subject us to credit, forgiveness and guarantee risk.” The Bank also originates loans under other SBA lending programs, which are partially guaranteed by the SBA. At December 31, 2020, the Bank’s portfolio included $928,000 of these SBA loans, of which $729,000 is guaranteed by the SBA. At that date, these SBA loans were not held for sale, however, the Company may elect to sell off the guaranteed portion of these loans in the future.
At December 31, 2020, the Bank’s aircraft loan portfolio had an outstanding balance of $10.8 million, or 13.4% of total business loans. TheseAircraft loans are collateralized by new or used, single‑engine piston aircraft to light jets for business or personal use. Our aircraftThese loans will generally range in size from $250,000 to $3.0 million with the primary focus of our underwriting guidelines on the asset value of the collateral rather than the ability of the borrower to repay the loan. The average loan size in ourAt December 31, 2023, the Company’s aircraft loan portfolio was $601,000 and the largestconsisted of one loan was $2.7with an outstanding balance of $1.9 million, at December 31, 2020. For additional information regarding these loans, seerepresenting 6.7% of total business loans. See Item 1A. Risk Factors- “Risks Related to Our Lending - We engage in aircraft and classic and collectible car financing transactions, in which high-value collateral is susceptible to potential catastrophic loss. If any of these transactions becomes nonperforming, we could suffer a loss on some or all of our value in the assets.”
Repayments of conventional business loans are often dependent on the cash flows of the borrower, which may be unpredictable, and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Our business loans, other than aircraft and PPP loans, are originated primarily based on the identified cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. Credit support provided by the borrower for most of these loans and the probability of repayment is based on the liquidation of the pledged collateral and enforcement of a personal guarantee, if any. As a result, in the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers. The collateral securing business loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise, or may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business.
Consumer Lending. We offer a limited variety of consumer loans to our customers, consisting primarily of home equity loans and savings account loans. Generally, consumer loans have shorter terms to maturity and higher interest rates than
one‑to‑four family residential loans. Consumer loans are offered with both fixed and adjustable interest rates and with varying terms. At December 31, 20202023, consumer loans were $40.6$72.0 million or 3.6%6.1% of the total loan portfolio.
At December 31, 20202023, the largest component of the consumer loan portfolio consisted of purchased indirect consumer loans to finance classic and collectible cars with a balance of $29.4$58.6 million, or 72.3%81.4% of the total consumer loan portfolio. The Bank will lend up to 90% of the estimated value of the car. Due to the unique nature of these cars, the estimated value often does not align with listed values, therefore, approval of the loan purchase is based on the borrower’s ability to repay. These fixed rate loans typically have maturity periods of fivethree to twelvefifteen years. The Bank intends to grow this portfolio of loans up to an internal limit of $40.0 million. Included in these loans are classic cars, defined as a vehicle in excess of 25 years old, and collectible cars, with a retail price in excess of $150,000. AtThe current internal portfolio limit for these loans is $60.0 million, and as of December 31, 2020,2023, the portfolio balance was $58.6 million. At that date, our largest classic and collectible car loan was $592,000$761,000 and the average loan size was $81,000. For additional information regarding these loans see$85,000. See Item 1A. Risk Factors- “Risks Related to Our Lending - We engage in aircraft and classic orand collectible car financing transactions, in which high-value collateral is susceptible to potential catastrophic loss. If any of these transactions becomes nonperforming, we could suffer a loss on some or all of our value in the assets.”
At December 31, 2020,2023, home equity loans, primarily home equity lines of credit totaled $9.8$12.5 million, or 24.1%17.3% of the total consumer loan portfolio. The home equity lines of credit include $1.3$3.3 million of equity lines of credit in first lien position and $8.5$9.2 million of second liens on residential properties. At December 31, 2020,2023, unfunded commitments on our home equity lines of credit totaled $15.5$21.4 million. Home equity loans are made for purposes such as the improvement of residential
properties, debt consolidation and education expenses. At origination, the loan-to-valueLTV ratio is generally 90% or less, when taking into account both the balance of the home equity loans and the first mortgage loan. Home equity loans are originated on a fixed-rate or adjustable-rate basis. The interest rate for the adjustable-rate second lien loans is indexed to the prime rate published in The Wall Street Journal and may include a margin. Home equity loans generally have a 10 to 30-30 year term, with a 10-10 year draw period, and either convert to principal and interest payments with no further draws or require a balloon payment due at maturity.
Consumer loans entail greater risk than one-to-four family residential mortgage loans, particularly in the case of consumer loans that are unsecured or secured by rapidly depreciating assets. In these cases, any repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance as a result of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation. The remaining deficiency often does not warrant further collection efforts against the borrower beyond obtaining a deficiency judgment. In addition, consumer loan collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability and are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on these loans. Classic and collectible car loans have greater risk than other consumer loans primarily due to their high value which may fluctuate significantly. Home equity lines of credit have greater credit risk than one-to-four family residential mortgage loans because they are generally secured by mortgages subordinated to the existing first mortgage on the property that we may or may not hold in our portfolio. We do not have private mortgage insurance coverage on these loans. Classic car loans have greater risk than other consumer loans primarily due to their high value which may fluctuate significantly. Adjustable-rate loans may experience a higher rate of default in a rising interest rate environment due to the increase in payment amounts when interest rates reset higher. If current economic conditions deteriorate for our borrowers and their home prices fall, we may also experience higher credit losses from this loan portfolio. For our home equity loans that are in a second lien position, it is unlikely that we will be successful in recovering our entire loan principal outstanding in the event of a default. At December 31, 20202023, no consumer$220,000 of classic and collectible auto loans were in nonaccrual status. At that date, a $38,000 classic auto loan was delinquent between 30-59 days. During the year ended December 31, 2020, a $2,000 unsecured line2023, $22,000 of credit was charged off. For the years ended December 31, 2019, and 2018, there were no consumer loans charged-off.were charged off.
Loan Maturity and Repricing. The following table sets forth certain information at December 31, 2020, regarding the amount of total loans in our portfolio based on their contractual terms to maturity, not including prepayments.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Within One Year | | After One Year Through Three Years | | After Three Years Through Five Years | | After Five Years Through Ten Years | | Beyond Ten Years | | Total |
| | (In thousands) |
| Real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential | $ | 9,892 | | | $ | 4,903 | | | $ | 1,830 | | | $ | 14,002 | | | $ | 351,333 | | | $ | 381,960 | |
| Multifamily | 5,067 | | | 7,017 | | | 21,529 | | | 61,782 | | | 41,299 | | | 136,694 | |
| Commercial | 28,080 | | | 19,862 | | | 92,137 | | | 204,712 | | | 40,474 | | | 385,265 | |
| Construction/land | 25,646 | | | 34,487 | | | 31,074 | | | 1,000 | | | — | | | 92,207 | |
| Total real estate | 68,685 | | | 66,269 | | | 146,570 | | | 281,496 | | | 433,106 | | | 996,126 | |
| Business | 21,537 | | | 48,024 | | | 5,325 | | | 5,777 | | | — | | | 80,663 | |
| Consumer | 1,013 | | | 241 | | | 743 | | | 8,656 | | | 29,968 | | | 40,621 | |
| Total | $ | 91,235 | | | $ | 114,534 | | | $ | 152,638 | | | $ | 295,929 | | | $ | 463,074 | | | $ | 1,117,410 | |
The following table sets forth the amount of total loans due after December 31, 2021, with fixed or adjustable interest rates.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Fixed-Rate | | Adjustable-Rate | | Total |
| | (In thousands) |
| Real estate: | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential | $ | 167,620 | | | $ | 204,448 | | | $ | 372,068 | |
| Multifamily | 42,267 | | | 89,360 | | | 131,627 | |
| Commercial | 160,958 | | | 196,227 | | | 357,185 | |
| Construction/land | 52,873 | | | 13,688 | | | 66,561 | |
| Total real estate | 423,718 | | | 503,723 | | | 927,441 | |
| Business | 58,188 | | | 938 | | | 59,126 | |
| Consumer | 29,713 | | | 9,895 | | | 39,608 | |
| Total | $ | 511,619 | | | $ | 514,556 | | | $ | 1,026,175 | |
Loan Solicitation and Processing. The majority of ourOur consumer and residential mortgage loan originations are generated through the Bank and from time to time through outside brokers and correspondent relationships we have established with select mortgage companies or other financial institutions. We originate multifamily, commercial real estate, construction/land and business loans primarily using the Bank’s loan officers, with referrals coming from builders, brokers and existing customers.
Upon receipt of a loan application from a prospective borrower, we obtain a credit report and other data to verify specific information relating to the loan applicant’s employment, income, and credit standing. All real estate loans requiring an appraisal are done by our internal appraisal department or an independent third-party appraiser. All appraisers are approved by us, and their credentials are reviewed annually, as is the quality of their appraisals.
We use a multi-level approvalunderwriting matrix which establishes lending targets and tolerance levels depending on the loan type being approved. The matrix also sets minimum credit standards and approval limits for each of the loan types.
Lending Authority. The Directors’ Loan Committee consists of at least three members of the Board of Directors. The Directors’ Loan Committee recommends for approval by the Board of Directors exceptions to the aggregate loan limit to one borrower of 15% of total risk-based capital plus surplus, or $22.9$26.1 million at December 31, 2020.2023. The Board of Directors approves exceptions to such aggregate loan limit to one borrower up to 20% of total risk-based capital plus surplus, or $30.5$34.8 million at December 31, 2020.2023.
Officer Lending Authority. Individual signing authority has been delegated to two lending officers. Our Senior Credit Approval Officer (“SCAO”) has authority from the Board of Directors to approve loans and aggregate relationships up to and including $8.0 million. The Board of Directors has given our Chief Credit Officer (“CCO”)CCO authority to approve credit to one borrower not to exceed the legal lending limit of 20% of total risk-based capital.capital plus surplus.
Loan Originations, Servicing, Purchases, Sales and Repayments. For the years ended December 31, 20202023, 2019,2022, and 2018,2021, our total loan originations and purchases were $317.9$203.2 million, $396.8$321.4 million and $370.8$363.0 million, respectively.
One-to-four family residential loans are generally originated in accordance with theFDIC guidelines, established by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, with the exception of our special community development loans originated to satisfy compliance with the Community Reinvestment Act. Our loans are underwritten by designated real estate loan underwriters internally in accordance with standards as provided by our Board-approved loan policy. We require title insurance on all loans and fire and casualty insurance on all secured loans and home equity loans where real estate serves as collateral. Flood insurance is also required on all secured loans when the real estate is located in a flood zone.
The following table shows total loans originated, purchased, repaid and other changes during the years indicated.
| | | | Year Ended December 31, | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| (In thousands) |
| (In thousands) | | | (In thousands) |
| Loan originations: | Loan originations: | | | | |
| Real estate: | Real estate: | | | | |
| Real estate: | |
| Real estate: | |
| One-to-four family residential | |
| One-to-four family residential | |
| One-to-four family residential | One-to-four family residential | $ | 107,609 | | | $ | 91,811 | | | $ | 119,946 | |
| Multifamily | Multifamily | 27,873 | | | 39,967 | | | 8,363 | |
| Commercial | Commercial | 33,588 | | | 74,283 | | | 47,332 | |
| Construction/land | Construction/land | 62,444 | | | 109,989 | | | 118,237 | |
| Total real estate | Total real estate | 231,514 | | | 316,050 | | | 293,878 | |
Business (2) | 59,001 | | | 10,031 | | | 21,361 | |
Business (1) | |
| Consumer | Consumer | 5,308 | | | 24,325 | | | 14,524 | |
| Total loans originated | Total loans originated | 295,823 | | | 350,406 | | | 329,763 | |
| Loan purchases and participations: | Loan purchases and participations: | |
| One-to-four family residential | One-to-four family residential | 1,467 | | | 653 | | | 1,230 | |
| One-to-four family residential | |
| One-to-four family residential | |
| Multifamily | Multifamily | — | | | 28 | | | 3,705 | |
| Commercial | Commercial | 1,208 | | | 17,408 | | | 21,546 | |
| Construction/land | — | | | 8,727 | | | 4,582 | |
| | Business | |
| Business | |
| Business | Business | — | | | — | | | 10,000 | |
| Consumer | Consumer | 19,390 | | | 19,553 | | | — | |
Total loan purchases and participations (1) | 22,065 | | | 46,369 | | | 41,063 | |
Total loan purchases and participations (2) | |
| Principal repayments | Principal repayments | (352,460) | | | (308,849) | | | (342,136) | |
| Charge-offs | Charge-offs | (2) | | | — | | | — | |
| Loans transferred to other real estate owned (“OREO”) | — | | | — | | | — | |
| | Change in LIP | Change in LIP | 29,746 | | | (3,117) | | | 6,045 | |
| Change in net deferred fees, and ALLL | (3,052) | | | 749 | | | (493) | |
| Net (decrease) increase in loans | $ | (7,880) | | -7880000 | $ | 85,558 | | | $ | 34,242 | |
| Change in LIP | |
| Change in LIP | |
| Change in net deferred (costs) fees, and ACL/ALLL | |
| Net increase (decrease) in loans | |
_______________
(1) There were no loan participations in 2020. Totals include $8.4 million, and $21.2 million in loan participations during 2019, and 2018, respectively.
(2) Includes $52.1$25.6 million in PPP loans originated during 2020.2021. PPP expired on May 31, 2021.
(2) Totals include $80,000, $9.4 million and $8.2 million in loan participations during 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Loan Origination and Other Fees. In some instances, we receive loan origination fees on real estate-related products. Loan fees generally represent a percentage of the principal amount of the loan and are paid by the borrower. The amount of fees
charged to the borrower on one-to-four family residential loans and multifamily and commercial real estate loans cantypically range from 0% to 2%. In addition to the 1.0% interest earned on PPP loans, the SBA pays processing fees for PPP loans of either 1%, 3%, or 5%, based on the size of the loan. Banks may not collect any fees from the loan applicants. United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) require that certain fees received, net of certain origination costs, be deferred and amortized over the contractual life of the loan. Net deferred fees or costs associated with loans that are prepaid or sold are recognized in income at the time of prepayment or sale. We had $1.7 million and $558,000$262,000 of net deferred loan feescosts at December 31, 20202023, and 2019, respectively.net deferred loan fees of $151,000 at December 31, 2022.
Loan purchases generally include a premium, which is deferred and amortized into interest income with net deferred fees over the contractual life of the loan. During 2020,2023, total premiums of $790,000,$876,000, or 3.6%4.0% of the purchased principal, were paid on purchased loans. In comparison, premiums of $1.4 million, or 2.9%3.5% of the purchased principal, were paid on purchased loans during 2019.2022.
One-to-four family residential and consumer loans are generally originated without a prepayment penalty. TheHowever, the majority of our one-to-four family residential loans held in the name of an entity, and multifamily and commercial real estate loans however, have prepayment penalties associated with the loans. Most of the multifamily and commercial real estate loan originations with interest rates fixed for the first five years will adjust thereafter and have a prepayment penalty of 2% -to 3% of the principal balance in year one, with decreasing penalties in subsequent years. Longer initial fixed rate terms generally have correspondingly longer prepayment penalty periods.
Asset Quality
As of December 31, 20202023, we had $2.7$1.4 million of loans past due 30 days or more. These loans represented 0.24%0.12% of total loans receivable. We generally assess late fees or penalty charges on delinquent loans of up to 5.0% of the monthly payment. The borrower is given up to a 15 day grace period from the due date to make the loan payment.
The Company actively manages delinquent loans and non-performingnonperforming assets by aggressively pursuing the collection of debts and marketing saleable properties we foreclosed or repossessed, work-outs of classified assets and loan charge-offs. We handle collection procedures internally or with the assistance of outside legal counsel. Late charges are incurred when the loan exceeds 10 to 15 days past due depending upon the loan product. When a delinquent loan is identified, corrective action takes place immediately. The first course of action is to determine the cause of the delinquency and seek cooperation from the borrower in resolving the issue. Additional corrective action, if required, will vary depending on the borrower, the collateral, if any, and whether the loan requires specific handling procedures as required by the Washington State Deed of Trust Act.
If the borrower is chronically delinquent and all reasonable means of obtaining payments have been exhausted, we will seek to foreclose on the collateral securing the loan according to the terms of the security instrument and applicable law. The following table shows our delinquent loans by the type of loan and the number of days delinquent at December 31, 2020:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Loans Delinquent | | Total |
| | 30-59 Days | | 90 Days and Greater | | Delinquent Loans |
| Number
of Loans | | Principal
Balance | | Number
of Loans | | Principal
Balance | | Number
of Loans | | Principal
Balance |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
| One-to-four family residential: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Owner occupied | 2 | | | $ | 77 | | | — | | | $ | — | | | 2 | | | $ | 77 | |
| Non-owner occupied | 1 | | | 159 | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | 159 | |
| Multifamily | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | 2,104 | | | 1 | | | 2,104 | |
| Total real estate | 3 | | | 236 | | | 1 | | | 2,104 | | | 4 | | | 2,340 | |
| Business | 1 | | | 275 | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | 275 | |
| Consumer | 1 | | | 38 | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | 38 | |
| Total | 5 | | | $ | 549 | | | 1 | | | $ | 2,104 | | | 6 | | | $ | 2,653 | |
Construction/land, commercial real estate, and multifamily loans generally have larger individual loan amounts that have a greater single impact on asset quality in the event of delinquency or default. Loans that were modified in accordance with the CARES Act and related regulatory guidance are not considered delinquent at December 31, 2020. We continue to monitor our loan portfolio and believe additions to nonperforming loans, charge-offs, provisions for loan losses, and/or OREO
are possible in the future, particularly if the housing market and other economic conditions decline, including as a result of COVID-19.
The following table sets forth information with respect to our nonperforming assets and troubled debt restructured loans (“TDRs”) for the years indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| | | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Real estate: | | | | | | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential | | $ | — | | | $ | 95 | | | $ | 382 | | | $ | 128 | | | $ | 798 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Commercial | | — | | | — | | | 326 | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Multifamily | | 2,104 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Consumer | | — | | | — | | | 44 | | | 51 | | | 60 | |
| Total loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis | | 2,104 | | | 95 | | | 752 | | | 179 | | | 858 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Total nonperforming loans | | 2,104 | | | 95 | | | 752 | | | 179 | | | 858 | |
| OREO | | 454 | | | 454 | | | 483 | | | 483 | | | 2,331 | |
| Total nonperforming assets | | $ | 2,558 | | | $ | 549 | | | $ | 1,235 | | | $ | 662 | | | $ | 3,189 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| TDRs: | | | | | | | | | | |
Nonaccrual (1) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 174 | |
| Performing | | 3,869 | | | 5,246 | | | 9,399 | | | 17,805 | | | 30,083 | |
| Total TDRs | | $ | 3,869 | | | $ | 5,246 | | | $ | 9,399 | | | $ | 17,805 | | | $ | 30,257 | |
| Nonperforming loans as a percent of total loans | | 0.19 | % | | 0.01 | % | | 0.07 | % | | 0.02 | % | | 0.10 | % |
| Nonperforming loans as a percent of total assets | | 0.15 | | | 0.01 | | | 0.06 | | | 0.01 | | | 0.08 | |
| Nonperforming assets as a percent of total assets | | 0.18 | | | 0.04 | | | 0.10 | | | 0.05 | | | 0.31 | |
| Total loans | | $ | 1,117,410 | | $ | 1,122,238 | | $ | 1,037,429 | | $ | 1,002,694 | | $ | 828,161 |
| Foregone interest on nonaccrual loans | | 82 | | 12 | | 18 | | 26 | | 51 |
_______
(1) These loans are also included in the appropriate loan category above under the caption: “Loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis.”
Nonperforming Loans.When a loan becomes 90 days past due, we generally place the loan on nonaccrual status unless the credit is well secured andand/or in the process of collection. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status prior to being 90 days past due if there is an identified problem such as an impending foreclosure or bankruptcy or if the borrower is unable to meet their scheduled payment obligations. We had one nonperforming loan of $2.1 millionNonaccrual loans were $220,000 and $193,000 at December 31, 2020, as compared to $95,000 at December 31, 2019. This loan is currently in foreclosure, however, the process is on hold as there is a purchase2023 and sale agreement on the underlying collateralized property, which is expected to close in March 2021. The Bank does not expect to incur a loss on this loan.2022, respectively.
Other Real Estate Owned. Real estate acquired by us as a result of foreclosure or by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is classified as OREO until it is sold. When the property is acquired, it is recorded at the lower of its cost or fair market value of the property, less selling costs. WeThe Bank had $454,000 ofno OREO properties at both December 31, 2020,2023 and 2019, comprised of undeveloped lots. Our special assets department’s primary focus is the prompt and effective management of our troubled, nonperforming assets, and expediting their disposition to minimize any potential losses. During 2020 and 2019, we did not foreclose or accept deeds-in-lieu of foreclosure on any loans.2022. In the future, we may experience foreclosure, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, and short sale activity while we work with our nonperforming loan customers to minimize our loss exposure.
Because of our structure, we believe we are able to make decisions regarding offers on OREO and the real estate underlying our nonperforming loans very quickly compared to larger institutions where decisions could take six to twelve months. This distinction has historically worked to our benefit in reducing our nonperforming assets and disposing of OREO.
Troubled Debt Restructured Loans.Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty. We accountModifications of loans are made in the ordinary course of business and are completed on a case-by-case basis through negotiation with the borrower in connection with the loan collection processes. Loan modifications are made to provide borrowers payment relief. Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, which eliminated accounting guidance for certain loantrouble debt restructurings while requiring disclosures of borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for modifications or restructurings as TDRs. In general, the modification or restructuring of a debt is considered a TDR if, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, we grant a concession to the borrower that we would not otherwise consider. These loans are all considered to be impaired loans. At December 31, 2020, we had $3.9 million in TDRs as compared to $5.2 million at December 31, 2019. In late March 2020, the Bank announced loan modification programs to supportprincipal reductions, interest rate reductions, term extensions, and provide relief for its borrowers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company has followed the CARES Act and interagency guidance from the federal banking agencies when determining if a borrower's modification is subject to TDR classification. Loans subject tomore than insignificant payment forbearance under the Bank's COVID-19 loan modification program are not reported as delinquent or as a TDR during the forbearance time period. For additional information, see Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – “COVID-19 Related Information,” and Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this report.delay.
The largest TDR relationship at December 31, 2020 wasFrom time to time, we may modify certain loans to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. In some cases, these modifications may result in new loans. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficult may be in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, and other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a $1.2 million commercial property located in King County.term extension or a combination thereof, among other things. At December 31, 2020, there was no LIP in connection with our TDRs.
The following table summarizes our total TDRs:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| | (In thousands) |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Performing TDRs: | | | |
| One-to-four family residential | $ | 2,627 | | | $ | 3,979 | |
| | | |
| Commercial real estate | 1,242 | | | 1,267 | |
| | | |
| Total performing TDRs | 3,869 | | | 5,246 | |
| Total TDRs | $ | 3,869 | | | $ | 5,246 | |
Classified Assets. Federal regulations provide for the classification of lower quality loans and other assets as substandard, doubtful or loss. An asset is considered substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and payment capacity of the borrower or of any collateral pledged. Substandard assets include those characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values. Assets classified as loss are those considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a specific loss reserve is not warranted.
When we classify problem assets as either substandard or doubtful, we may establish a specific allowance in an amount we deem prudent. General allowances represent loss allowances that have been established to recognize the inherent risk associated with lending activities, but unlike specific allowances, have not been specifically allocated to particular problem assets. When an insured institution classifies problem assets as a loss, it is required to charge-off those assets in the period in which they are deemed uncollectible. Our determinations as to the classification of our assets and the amount of our valuation allowances are subject to review by the FDIC and the DFI that can order the establishment of additional loss allowances or the charge-off of specific loans against established loss reserves. Assets that do not currently expose us to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses are designated as special mention. At December 31, 2020,2023, special mention loans totaled $16.5decreased to $130,000, down from $5.9 million includingat December 31, 2022, due to the upgrade of a $15.9$500,000 one-to-four family residential loan, the payoff of a $4.7 million commercial real estate loan that was previously classified asand a construction loan. The Bank is closely monitoring the$200,000 consumer loan however, it is well collateralized and the Bank does not expectdowngrade of a $293,000 one-to-four family loan from special mention to incur a loss. substandard. At December 31, 2020, the loan was2023, all special mention loans were current on itstheir payments and waswere in compliance with thetheir original loan terms.
In connection with the filing of periodic reports with the FDIC and in accordance with our loan policy, we regularly review the problem loans in our portfolio to determine whether any loans require classification in accordance with applicable regulations. The increasedecrease in our classified loans during the year ended December 31, 20202023 was primarily the resultdue to principal paydowns, partially offset by a downgrade of a $2.1 million multifamily$293,000 one-to-four family loan from special mention to substandard. Substandard loans that is on nonaccrual status and is currentlywere individually evaluated for credit losses at December 31, 2023, resulted in foreclosure, however,an $11,000 addition to ACL for the process is on hold pending the borrower’s sale of the underlying collateral on this loan.expected loss related to consumer loans.
Classified loans consisting solely of substandard loans, were as follows at the dates indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| | (In thousands) |
| One-to-four family residential | $ | 527 | | | $ | 629 | |
| Multifamily | 2,104 | | | — | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Total classified loans | $ | 2,631 | | | $ | 629 | |
With the exception of these substandard loans, of which $2.1 million was accounted for as a nonaccrual loan at December 31, 2020, management is not aware of any loans as of December 31, 2020, where the known credit problems of the borrower would cause us to have serious doubts as to the ability of such borrowers to comply with their present loan repayment terms and which may result in the future inclusion of such loans in the nonperforming loan categories. | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | (In thousands) |
| One-to-four family residential | $ | 293 | | | $ | — | |
| Multifamily | 1,590 | | | 1,630 | |
| Commercial real estate | 44,020 | | | 45,411 | |
| | | |
| Consumer | 220 | | | 201 | |
| Total classified loans | $ | 46,123 | | | $ | 47,242 | |
Allowance for Loan Losses.Credit Losses (“ACL”). Management recognizes thatthe possibility of loan losses may occur overthroughout a loan’s lifespan and emphasizes the life of a loan and thatneed to maintain the ALLL must be maintainedACL at a level necessarysufficient to absorb specific losses on impairedrelated to collateral-dependent loans and probableexpected losses inherent inwithin the loan portfolio. Management reviews the adequacy of the ALLL on a quarterly basis. Our methodology for analyzing the ALLL consists ofACL comprises two components: the general allowance and the specific allowances.allowance. The general allowance is determined by applying factors to our various groups of loans. Management considers factors such as charge-off history, the prevailing economy, the borrower’s ability to repay, the regulatory environment, competition, geographic and loan type concentrations, policy and underwriting standards, nature and volume of theestablishes a reserve rate using historical life-of-loan default rates, current loan portfolio managements’ experience level, our loan reviewinformation, economic forecasts, and grading systems,business cycle data. Statistical analysis determines life-of-loan default and loss rates for the valuequantitative component, while qualitative factors (“Q-Factors”) adjust expected loss rates for current and forecasted conditions. The Q-Factor methodology involves a blend of underlying collateral,quantitative analysis and the level of problemmanagement judgment, reviewed quarterly.
Specific allowances arise when individual loans in assessing the ALLL. The specific allowance component is created whenexhibit unique risk characteristics, leading to an impairment analysis. If management believes that scheduled principal and interest payments will not be fully paid, and the collectabilityrecorded investment is less than the market value of the collateral, a specific loan has been impaired and a lossreserve is probable.established in the ACL for the loan. The specific reserves are computedreserve amount is calculated using current appraisals, listed sales prices, and other available information, less costsinformation. This analysis is subject to complete, if any, and costs to sell the property. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requiresinherent subjectivity, relying on estimates that are susceptible to significant revisionmay be revised as more information becomes available or as future events differ from predictions. In addition, specific reserves may be created upon a loan’s restructuring, based on a discounted cash flow analysis comparingavailable. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the present value of the anticipated repayments under the restructured terms to the outstanding principal balance of the loan. When determining the appropriate ALLL during 2020, management took into consideration the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on such factors as the nationalindividually evaluated loan balances were $45.9 million and state unemployment rates and related trends, the amount of and timing of financial assistance provided by the government, consumer spending levels and trends, industries significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, a review of the Bank's largest commercial loan relationships, and the Bank's COVID-19 loan modification program.$48.5 million, respectively.
Based on this review, management increased historical loss factors and qualitative factors for all loan categories during the year ended December 31, 2020 and increased qualitative factors to the Bank's loan portfolio, due to deterioration of economic conditions as a result of the COVD-19 pandemic. The increase in the factors resulted in an increase in the allowance for loan losses during the current year. Management will continue to closely monitor economic conditions and will work with borrowers as necessary to assist them through this challenging economic climate. If economic conditions worsen or do not improve in the near term, and if future government programs, if any, do not provide adequate relief to borrowers, it is possible the Bank's ALLL will need to increase in future periods. Uncertainties relating to our ALLL are heightened as a result of the risks surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic as described in further detail in Item 1A. Risk Factors- “Risks Related to Macroeconomic Conditions-The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the way we conduct business which may adversely impact our financial results and those of our customers. The ultimate impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic and actions taken by governmental authorities in response to the pandemic.”
Quarterly, our Board of Directors’ Internal Asset Review Committee reviews and recommends ACL approval of the allowance for loan losses andor any provision or provision/recapture of provision for loancredit losses and the fullquarterly. The Board of Directors approves the provision or recapture after consideringbased on the Committee’s recommendation. The ALLL is increased byACL increases with the provision for loancredit losses, which is charged againstimpacting current period earnings. If the analysis of our loan portfolio analysis indicates thea lower risk of loss is less than the ACL balance, of the ALLL, a recapture of provision of loan lossfor credit losses is added to current period earnings.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded2023, there was a $1.9 million provision for loan losses, as compared to a $300,000$208,000 recapture of provision for loancredit losses, compared to a $434,000 recapture for the year ended December 31, 2019. The provision for loan losses in 20202022. This was primarily a resultdue to credit upgrades, payoffs of the downgradehigher credit risk loans, updates to economic forecasts, changes in loan portfolio balances, composition, and characteristics. As of $61.0 million of commercial real estate loans combined with increases in forecasted credit deterioration for all loan categories in response to the economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, with higher potential impact allocated to commercial real estate and construction/land portfolios. The $41.3 million balance of PPP
December 31, 2023, the ACL was $15.3 million or 1.28% of total loans, was omitted from the ALLL calculationcompared to $15.2 million or 1.29% at December 31, 2020, as these loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA and management expects that the great majority of PPP borrowers will seek full or partial forgiveness of their loan obligations from the SBA within a short time frame, which will in turn reimburse the Bank for the amount forgiven. In addition, the risk classification of loans totaling $61.0 million receiving additional COVID-19 related loan payment deferrals were downgraded during the year ended December 31, 2020.2022. The majority of the downgrades were to a lower “pass” grade and therefore were not classified as potential problem loans. The ALLL was $15.2 million, or 1.36% of total loans at December 31, 2020, as compared to $13.2 million, or 1.18% at December 31, 2019. TheACL’s level of the ALLL is based on estimates, and the ultimateactual losses may vary from the estimates.vary. Management reviews theACL adequacy of the ALLL on a quarterly basis.quarterly.
A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable we will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, market conditions, rent rolls, and the borrower’s and guarantor’s, if any, financial strength. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and shortfalls on a case‑by‑case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amounts of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Loans are evaluated for impairment on a loan-by-loan basis. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, impaired loans were $21.4 million and $20.0 million, respectively. The increase in 2020 was primarily due to the $2.1 million multifamily loan placed on nonaccrual status during the year. At December 31, 2020, the loan was well collateralized and the Bank does not expect to incur a loss on this loan.
The following table summarizes the distribution of the ALLLACL by loan category, at the dates indicated.
| | | | December 31, | | December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| | | Loan
Balance | | Allowance
by Loan Category | | Percent of Loans
to Total Loans | | Loan
Balance | | Allowance
by Loan Category | | Percent of Loans
to Total Loans | | Loan
Balance | | Allowance
by Loan Category | | Percent of Loans
to Total Loans | | Loan
Balance | | Allowance
by Loan Category | | Percent of Loans
to Total Loans | | Loan
Balance | | Allowance
by Loan Category | | Percent of Loans
to Total Loans | | Loan
Balance | | Allowance
by Loan Category | | Percent of Loans
to Total Loans | | Loan
Balance | | Allowance
by Loan Category | | Percent of Loans
to Total Loans | | Loan
Balance | | Allowance
by Loan Category | | Percent of Loans
to Total Loans |
| Real estate: | Real estate: | (Dollars in thousands) | Real estate: | (Dollars in thousands) |
| One-to-four family | |
| residential | $ | 381,960 | | | $ | 3,181 | | | 34.2 | % | | $ | 372,528 | | | $ | 3,034 | | | 33.2 | % | | $ | 341,966 | | | $ | 3,387 | | | 33.0 | % | | $ | 278,655 | | | $ | 2,837 | | | 27.8 | % | | $ | 249,435 | | | $ | 2,551 | | | 30.1 | % |
One-to-four family residential | | One-to-four family residential | $ | 513,223 | | | $ | 5,747 | | | 43.1 | % | | $ | 474,180 | | | $ | 4,043 | | | 40.1 | % | | $ | 383,721 | | | $ | 3,214 | | | 34.3% |
| Multifamily | Multifamily | 136,694 | | | 1,366 | | | 12.2 | | | 172,915 | | | 1,607 | | | 15.4 | | | 169,355 | | | 1,680 | | | 16.3 | | | 184,902 | | | 1,820 | | | 18.5 | | | 123,250 | | | 1,199 | | | 14.9 | | Multifamily | 138,149 | | | 1,509 | | 1,509 | | | 11.6 | | 11.6 | | | 126,866 | | 126,866 | | | 1,210 | | 1,210 | | | 10.7 | | 10.7 | | | 130,150 | | 130,150 | | | 1,279 | | 1,279 | | | 11.6 | | 11.6 |
Commercial real
estate | Commercial real
estate | 385,265 | | | 6,127 | | | 34.5 | | | 395,152 | | | 4,559 | | | 35.2 | | | 373,798 | | | 4,777 | | | 36.0 | | | 361,299 | | | 4,418 | | | 36.0 | | | 303,694 | | | 3,893 | | | 36.7 | |
| Construction/land | Construction/land | 92,207 | | | 2,189 | | | 8.3 | | | 113,665 | | | 2,222 | | | 10.1 | | | 108,854 | | | 2,331 | | | 10.5 | | | 145,618 | | | 2,816 | | | 14.5 | | | 136,922 | | | 2,792 | | | 16.5 | |
| Total real estate | Total real estate | 996,126 | | | 12,863 | | | 89.2 | | | 1,054,260 | | | 11,422 | | | 93.9 | | | 993,973 | | | 12,175 | | | 95.8 | | | 970,474 | | | 11,891 | | | 96.8 | | | 813,301 | | | 10,435 | | | 98.2 | |
| Business | Business | 80,663 | | | 1,242 | | | 7.2 | | | 37,779 | | | 1,140 | | | 3.4 | | | 30,486 | | | 936 | | | 3.0 | | | 23,087 | | | 694 | | | 2.3 | | | 7,938 | | | 237 | | | 1.0 | |
| Consumer | Consumer | 40,621 | | | 1,069 | | | 3.6 | | | 30,199 | | | 656 | | | 2.7 | | | 12,970 | | | 236 | | | 1.2 | | | 9,133 | | | 297 | | | 0.9 | | | 6,922 | | | 279 | | | 0.8 | |
| Total | Total | $ | 1,117,410 | | | $ | 15,174 | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 1,122,238 | | | $ | 13,218 | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 1,037,429 | | | $ | 13,347 | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 1,002,694 | | | $ | 12,882 | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 828,161 | | | $ | 10,951 | | | 100.0 | % | Total | $ | 1,191,231 | | | $ | | $ | 15,306 | | | 100.0 | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 1,182,310 | | | $ | | $ | 15,227 | | | 100.0 | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 1,119,118 | | | $ | | $ | 15,657 | | | 100.0 | | 100.0 | % |
Based on its comprehensive analysis, management believes that the ALLLACL as of December 31, 20202023 was adequate to absorb the probable and inherentestimated lifetime credit losses in the loan portfolio at that date.portfolio. While we believe the estimates and assumptions used in our determination of the adequacy of the ALLLACL are reasonable, there can be no assurance that such estimates and assumptions will be proven correct in the future, or that the actual amount of future provisions will not exceed the amount of past provisions, or that any increased provisions that may be required will not adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. Future additions to the ALLLACL may become necessary based upon changing economic conditions, the level of problem loans, business conditions, credit concentrations, increased loan balances or changes in the underlying collateral of the loan portfolio. In addition, the determination of the amount of the ALLLACL is subject to review by bank regulators as part of the routine examination process that may result in the establishment of additional loss reserves or the charge-off of specific loans against established loss reserves based upon their judgment of information available to them at the time of their examination. A further declineweakening in the national and local economic conditions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or other factors, could result in a material increase in the allowance for loan lossesACL and may adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
The following table sets forth an analysis of our ALLLshows certain credit ratios at the dates and for the years indicated.periods indicated and each component of the ratio’s calculations. The Company adopted the CECL methodology as of January 1, 2023. All amounts prior to January 1, 2023 were calculated using the previous incurred loss methodology to compute our allowance for loan losses, which is not directly comparable to the new current expected credit losses methodology. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | At or For the Year Ended December 31, |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
| ACL/ALLL as a percent of total loans | 1.28 | % | | 1.29 | % | | 1.40 | % |
| ACL/ALLL at period end | $ | 15,306 | | | $ | 15,227 | | | $ | 15,657 | |
| Total loans outstanding | 1,191,231 | | | 1,182,310 | | | 1,119,118 | |
| | | | | |
| Non-accrual loans as a percentage of total loans outstanding at period end | 0.02 | % | | 0.02 | % | | — | % |
| Total non-accrual loans | $ | 220 | | | $ | 193 | | | $ | — | |
| Total loans outstanding | 1,191,231 | | | 1,182,310 | | | 1,119,118 | |
| | | | | |
| ACL/ALLL as a percent of non-accrual loans at period end | 6,957.27 | % | | 7,889.78% | | n/a |
| ACL/ALLL at period end | $ | 15,306 | | | $ | 15,227 | | | $ | 15,657 | |
| Total non-accrual loans | 220 | | | 193 | | | — | |
| | | | | |
| Net recoveries (charge-offs) during period to average loans outstanding: | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential: | — | % | | — | % | | 0.05% |
| Net recoveries during period | $ | 1 | | | $ | 7 | | | $ | 183 | |
Average loans receivable, net (1) | 483,344 | | | 427,455 | | | 374,796 | |
| Multifamily: | — | % | | — | % | | — | % |
| Net charge-offs during period | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Average loans receivable, net (1) | 139,470 | | | 132,845 | | | 139,298 | |
| Commercial: | — | % | | — | % | | — | % |
| Net charge-offs during period | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Average loans receivable, net (1) | 393,382 | | | 408,688 | | | 382,341 | |
| Construction/land development: | — | % | | — | % | | — | % |
| Net charge-offs during period | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Average loans receivable, net (1) | 59,054 | | | 74,438 | | | 97,494 | |
| Business: | — | % | | — | % | | — | % |
| Net charge-offs during period | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Average loans receivable, net (1) | 28,302 | | | 32,539 | | | 63,263 | |
| Consumer: | (0.03) | % | | (0.07) | % | | — | % |
| Net charge-offs during period | $ | (22) | | | $ | (37) | | | $ | — | |
Average loans receivable, net (1) | 69,017 | | | 52,870 | | | 41,580 | |
| Total loans: | — | % | | — | % | | 0.02 | % |
| Net (charge-offs) recoveries during period | $ | (21) | | | $ | (30) | | | $ | 183 | |
Average loans receivable, net (1) | 1,172,569 | | | 1,128,835 | | | 1,098,772 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | At or For the Year Ended December 31, |
| 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
| ALLL at beginning of period | $ | 13,218 | | | $ | 13,347 | | | $ | 12,882 | | | $ | 10,951 | | | $ | 9,463 | |
| Provision (recapture of provision) for loan losses | 1,900 | | | (300) | | | (4,000) | | | (400) | | | 1,300 | |
| Charge-offs: | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Consumer | (2) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (83) | |
| Total charge-offs | (2) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (83) | |
| Total recoveries | 58 | | | 171 | | | 4,465 | | | 2,331 | | | 271 | |
| Net recoveries (charge-offs) | 56 | | | 171 | | | 4,465 | | | 2,331 | | | 188 | |
| ALLL at end of period | $ | 15,174 | | | $ | 13,218 | | | $ | 13,347 | | | $ | 12,882 | | | $ | 10,951 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| ALLL as a percent of total loans | 1.36 | % | | 1.18 | % | | 1.29 | % | | 1.28 | % | | 1.32 | % |
| Net recoveries to average loans receivable | — | % | | (0.02) | % | | (0.45) | % | | (0.27) | % | | (0.02) | % |
| ALLL as a percent of nonperforming loans | 721.17 | % | | 13,913.68 | % | | 1,774.87 | % | | 7,196.65 | % | | 1,276.34 | % |
(1) The average loans receivable, net balances, include nonaccrual loans and deferred loan (costs) fees.
Investment Activities
General. Under Washington State law, commercial banks are permitted to invest in various types of liquid assets, including, but not limited to, U.S. Treasury obligations, securities of various federal agencies, certain certificates of deposit of insured banks and savings institutions, banker’s acceptances, repurchase agreements, federal funds, commercial paper, investment grade corporate debt securities, and obligations of states and their political sub-divisions.
The Investment, Asset/Liability Committee (“ALCO”), consistingcomprised of the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Controller of First Financial Northwestthe Bank, along with other members of management and the Board of Directors, hasholds the authority and responsibility to administermanage our investment policy, monitorpolicy. This includes monitoring portfolio strategies and recommend appropriaterecommending necessary changes to policy and strategies to the Board of Directors. On a monthly basis,Monthly, management reports toprovides the Board with a summary of investment holdings, along with respective market values, and details of all purchases and sales of investment securities.
The Chief Financial Officer has the primary responsibility for the management ofmanaging the investment portfolio and considers various factors when making decisions, including thesuch as marketability, maturity, liquidity, and tax consequences of proposed investments. The maturity structure of investments will beis affected by various market conditions, including the current and anticipated slope of the yield curve, the level of interest rates, the trend of new deposit inflows, and the anticipated demand for funds via deposit withdrawals and loan originations and purchases.
The general objectives of the investment portfolio are to provide liquidity when loan demand is high, to assist in maintaining earnings when loan demand is low, and to maximize earnings while satisfactorily managing risk, including credit risk, reinvestment risk, liquidity risk and interest rate risk.
At December 31, 2020,2023, our investment portfolio consisted principally of mortgage-backed securities, municipal bonds, U.S. government agency obligations, and corporate bonds. From time to time, investment levels may increase or decrease depending upon yields available on investment opportunities and management’s projected demand for funds for loan originations, net deposit flows, and other activities. At December 31, 2020, we did not hold securities of any single issuer (other than government-sponsored entities) that exceeded 10% of our shareholders’ equity. At December 31, 2020, theThe Bank held three annuity contracts, totaling $2.5 million and $2.4 million, respectively, at December 31, 2023 and 2022, as held-to-maturity investments. These annuity contracts were purchased to satisfy the benefit obligation associated with certain supplemental executive retirement plan agreements. At December 31, 2019, and 2018, there were no investments held to maturity.
Mortgage-Backed Securities. The mortgage-backed securities in our portfolio were primarily comprised of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Ginnie Mae issued mortgage-backed securities.securities, all which were classified as available-for-sale. These issuers guarantee the timely payment of principal and interest in the event of default. In addition, atAt December 31, 2020,2023, our available-for-sale mortgage-backed securities portfolio included $10.7 million of other “private label” mortgage-backed securities.securities with a fair value of $29.2 million and an amortized cost of $30.6 million. The mortgage-backed securities portfolio had a weighted-average yield of 2.69%4.00% at December 31, 2020.2023.
U.S. Government Agency Obligations. The agency securities in our portfolio were comprised of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae, SBA and FHLB agency securities. These issuers guarantee the timely payment of principal and interest in the event of default. At December 31, 20202023, the portfolio of government agency securities had a weighted-average yield of 1.44%3.94%.
The guarantees of the SBA, as a U.S. government agency and Ginnie Mae, as part of a U.S. government agency are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the Federal Home Loan Banks are U.S. government-sponsored entities. Although their guarantees are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, they may borrow from the U.S. Treasury, which has taken other steps to ensure these U.S. government-sponsored entities can fulfill their financial obligations.
Corporate Bonds. The corporate bond portfolio was primarilyis comprised of both fixed and variable rate securities, including sub-debt securities, issued by various financial institutions. At December 31, 2020,2023, the corporate bond portfolio had a weighted-average yield of 5.70%4.77%.
Municipal Bonds. The municipal bond portfolio is comprised of taxable and tax-exempt municipal bonds. The pre-tax weighted-average yield on the municipal bond portfolio was 2.56%2.10% at December 31, 2020.2023.
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock. As a member of the FHLB, Des Moines, we are required to own FHLB capital stock. The required amount of capital stock is based on a percentage of our previous year-end assets and our outstanding FHLB advances.
The redemption of any excess stock we hold is at the discretion of the FHLB Des Moines.FHLB. During 2020,2023, our FHLB of Des Moines stock holdings decreased by $599,000,$1.0 million, primarily as a result of the $17.7$20.0 million decrease in our FHLB advances during 2020.the year. The carrying value of our FHLB of Des Moines stock totaled $6.4$6.5 million at December 31, 20202023. During the years ended December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, we received dividends on our FHLB stock of Des Moines cash dividends of $320,000$485,000 and $362,000,$318,000, respectively.
The following table sets forthFor the compositionyear ended December 31, 2023, there were no calls or sales of our investment securities available-for-sale at the dates indicated.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| | Amortized
Cost | | Fair
Value | | Amortized
Cost | | Fair
Value | | Amortized Cost | | Fair
Value |
| | (In thousands) |
| Available-for-sale: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fannie Mae | $ | 12,797 | | | $ | 13,288 | | | $ | 15,605 | | | $ | 15,629 | | | $ | 24,276 | | | $ | 23,643 | |
| Freddie Mac | 4,116 | | | 4,316 | | | 4,196 | | | 4,292 | | | 6,351 | | | 6,287 | |
| Ginnie Mae | 16,513 | | | 17,127 | | | 23,239 | | | 23,050 | | | 23,311 | | | 22,061 | |
| Other | 10,691 | | | 10,729 | | | 11,407 | | | 11,448 | | | 8,983 | | | 8,979 | |
| Municipal bonds | 16,483 | | | 17,446 | | | 10,675 | | | 10,911 | | | 10,615 | | | 10,544 | |
| U.S. government agencies | 41,084 | | | 40,635 | | | 46,672 | | | 45,750 | | | 48,190 | | | 47,438 | |
| Corporate bonds | 24,001 | | | 24,010 | | | 25,500 | | | 25,521 | | | 23,490 | | | 23,218 | |
| Total available-for-sale | $ | 125,685 | | | $ | 127,551 | | | $ | 137,294 | | | $ | 136,601 | | | 145,216 | | | 142,170 | |
and one maturity of a small balance mortgage-backed security. During the year ended December 31, 2020,2022, gross proceeds from the call, maturityprincipal reductions and salematurities of investments was $12.1were $11.1 million, with net realized gains of $86,000.$27,000.
Management reviews investmentAvailable-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities on an ongoing basis forare considered impaired if the presence of other than temporary impairment (“OTTI”) or permanent impairment, taking into consideration current market conditions, fair value in relationshipis less than the amortized cost. On a quarterly basis, management evaluates impaired debt securities to cost, extent and nature of the change in fair value, issuer rating changes and trends, whether management intends to sell a security ordetermine if an ACL is required. If it is likelydetermined that we will bea credit loss exists and an allowance is required, to sell the security before recovery of the amortized cost basis of the investment, which may be maturity, and other factors. For debt securities, if management intends to sell the security or it is likely that we will be required to sell the security before recovering its cost basis, the entire impairment loss would be recognized in earnings as an OTTI. If management does not intend to sell the security and it is not likely that we will be required to sell the security, but management does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security, only the portion of the impairment loss representing credit losses would be recognized in earnings. The credit loss on a debt security is measured as the difference between the amortized cost basis and the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected.collected, limited by the amount of the impairment. For impaired debt securities that the Company does not intend to sell and it is not likely that it will be required to sell but does not expect to recover the entire security’s amortized cost basis, only the portion of the impairment representing a credit loss would be recognized in earnings. If the Company intends to sell a debt security, or it is likely that the Company will be required to sell the debt security before recovering its cost basis, the entire impairment would be recognized through earnings. The Company considers many factors including the severity and duration of the impairment, economic circumstances, recent events specific to the issuer or industry, and for debt securities, external credit ratings and recent rating updates. Projected cash flows are discounted by the original or current effective interest rate depending on the nature of the debt security being measured for a potential OTTI.credit loss. The remaining impairment related to all other factors the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and fair value, is recognized as a charge to other comprehensive income (loss)(“OCI”). Impairment losses related to all other factors are presented as separate categories within other comprehensive income (loss). There were no losses related to OTTI
The Company had 123 securities in an unrealized loss position at both December 31, 2023 and 2022, with 113 and 62 of these securities in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more at December 31, 20202023 and 2019.2022, respectively. Management does not believe that the unrealized losses at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were related to credit losses. The declines in fair market value of these securities were mainly attributed to changes in market interest rates, credit spreads, market volatility and liquidity conditions. Currently, the Company does not intend to sell, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the positions before their recovery of the amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. As such, no ACL was recorded with respect to AFS securities for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. For additional information regarding our investments, see Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this report.
The table below sets forth information regarding the carrying value and weighted-average yield by contractual maturity of our investment portfolio at December 31, 20202023. Mortgage-backed securities are presented in the totals column as a result of the variable nature of their principal reductions. The weighted average yields were calculated by multiplying each carrying value by its yield and dividing the sum of these results by the total carrying values. Yields on tax-exempt investments are not calculated on a fully tax equivalent basis.
| | | | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2023 |
| | | Within One Year | | After One Year
Through Five Years | | After Five
Through Ten Years | | Thereafter | | Totals | | One Year or Less | | After One Year
Through Five Years | | After Five
Through Ten Years | | Thereafter | | Totals |
| Carrying
Value | | Weighted-
Average
Yield | | Carrying
Value | | Weighted-
Average
Yield | | Carrying
Value | | Weighted-
Average
Yield | | Carrying
Value | | Weighted-
Average
Yield | | Carrying
Value | | Weighted-
Average
Yield |
| Carrying
Value | | | Carrying
Value | | Weighted-
Average
Yield | | Carrying
Value | | Weighted-
Average
Yield | | Carrying
Value | | Weighted-
Average
Yield | | Carrying
Value | | Weighted-
Average
Yield | | Carrying
Value | | Weighted-
Average
Yield |
| | | (Dollars in thousands) | | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Available-for-sale: | Available-for-sale: | |
| Mortgage-backed securities | |
| Mortgage-backed securities | |
| Mortgage-backed securities | Mortgage-backed securities | $ | — | | | — | % | | $ | — | | | — | % | | $ | — | | | — | % | | $ | — | | | — | % | | $ | 45,460 | | | 2.69 | % | $ | — | | | — | | — | % | | $ | — | | | — | | — | % | | $ | — | | | — | | — | % | | $ | — | | | — | | — | % | | $ | 76,830 | | | 4.00 | | 4.00 | % |
| Municipal bonds | Municipal bonds | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,947 | | | 2.47 | | | 15,499 | | | 2.57 | | | 17,446 | | | 2.56 | |
| U.S. government agencies | U.S. government agencies | — | | | — | | | 496 | | | 8.24 | | | 2,907 | | | 1.16 | | | 37,232 | | | 1.44 | | | 40,635 | | | 1.44 | |
| Corporate bonds | Corporate bonds | — | | | — | | | 8,409 | | | 2.55 | | | 13,615 | | | 4.65 | | | 1,986 | | | 1.96 | | | 24,010 | | | 5.70 | |
| | Total available-for-sale | Total available-for-sale | $ | — | | | — | % | | $ | 8,905 | | | 7.93 | % | | $ | 18,469 | | | 3.92 | % | | $ | 54,717 | | | 1.76 | % | | $ | 127,551 | | | 2.86 | % |
| Total available-for-sale | |
| Total available-for-sale | | $ | 39,604 | | | 2.34 | % | | $ | 10,770 | | | 6.42 | % | | $ | 29,682 | | | 3.86 | % | | $ | 51,029 | | | 3.99 | % | | $ | 207,915 | | | 3.80 | % |
Deposit Activities and Other Sources of Funds
General. Deposits and loan repayments are the major sources of our funds for lending and other investment purposes. Scheduled loan repayments are a relatively stable source of funds, while deposit inflows and outflows and loan prepayments are influenced significantly by general interest rates and market conditions. Borrowings from the FHLB are used to supplement the availability of funds from other sources and also as a source of term funds to assist in the management of interest rate risk.
Our deposit composition reflects a mixture of various deposit products. We rely on marketing activities, customer service, and the availability of a broad range of products and services to attract and retain customer deposits.
Deposits. We offer a competitive range of deposit products within our market area, including noninterest bearing accounts, interest-bearing demand accounts, money market accounts, statement savings accounts, and certificates of deposit. Deposit account terms vary according to the minimum balance required, the time periods the funds must remain on deposit,account, and the interest rate, among other factors. InWhen determining the terms of ourfor deposit accounts, we consider the development of long-term profitable customer relationships, current market interest rates, current maturity structures, deposit mix, our customer preferences, and the profitability of acquiring customer deposits compared to alternative funding sources. To align our deposit mix with lower cost funds, we consistently adjust our pricing to remain competitive with local market rates. As part of our strategy, to shiftwe actively manage our deposit mix, and to lower cost funds, we continued to better align our pricing with competitors in our local market to meet our goals. To supplementcomplement local deposits, we may generate funds are also generated as needed through nationalthe wholesale market, which may involve brokered certificates of deposit.deposits. The Bank’s portfolioCompany had $130.8 million and $124.9 million of brokered certificates of deposits were reduced to zero at December 31, 2020, from $94.5 million at December 31, 2019. Continued growth in retail deposits with our expanded branch network allowed the Bank2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company may continue to reduce brokered deposits upon maturity as a source of funds. In addition, $24.5 million of callable brokered certificates of deposit were redeemed early. In the future, the Bank may utilize brokered deposits again to supplement our retail deposits and assist incontribute to our interest rate risk management efforts.
The following table sets forth our total deposit activity for the years indicated.
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| (In thousands) |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| 2023 | | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| (In thousands) | | | (In thousands) |
| Total deposits, beginning balance | Total deposits, beginning balance | $ | 1,033,534 | | | $ | 939,032 | | | $ | 839,502 | |
| Increase in retail deposits | 154,571 | | | 97,855 | | | 77,193 | |
| (Decrease) increase in brokered funds | (94,472) | | | (3,353) | | | 22,337 | |
| (Decrease) increase in retail deposits | |
| Increase (decrease) in brokered funds | |
| Net increase in deposits | Net increase in deposits | 60,099 | | | 94,502 | | | 99,530 | |
| Total deposits, ending balance | Total deposits, ending balance | $ | 1,093,633 | | | $ | 1,033,534 | | | $ | 939,032 | |
At December 31, 2020,2023, deposits totaled $1.1$1.19 billion. We had $345.0$513.3 million of jumbo (greaterdeposit accounts greater than or equal to $100,000)the FDIC insurance amount of $250,000, representing 43.0% of our total deposits. Of this amount, $170.1 million were retail certificates of deposit, which were 31.5% of total deposits atdeposit. At December 31, 2020. Of these jumbo deposits, $135.62022, $568.7 million, or 48.6%, of deposit accounts were greater than or equal to $250,000. At that date, includedDecember 31, 2023, we held $85.8 million in the jumbo certificates of deposit, were public funds, totaling $31.7 million, or 2.9% of total deposits, of which $30.6$48.8 million was in excess of the $250,000 standard FDIC insurance coverage.exceeded $250,000. Under Washington State law, in order to participate in the public funds program, we are required to pledge eligible securities of a minimum of 50% of the public deposits in excess of $250,000.
The following table sets forth information regarding our certificates of deposit and other deposits at December 31, 2020.2023. Certificates of deposit are categorized by their original term.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Weighted-Average Interest Rate | | Term | | Category | | Amount | | Percentage
of Total
Deposits |
| (Dollars in thousands) |
| — | % | | N/A | | Noninterest bearing demand deposits | | $ | 91,285 | | | 8.3 | % |
| 0.06 | | | N/A | | Interest-bearing demand | | 108,182 | | | 9.9 | |
| 0.04 | | | N/A | | Statement savings | | 19,221 | | | 1.8 | |
| 0.37 | | | N/A | | Money market | | 465,369 | | | 42.6 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Certificates of deposit, retail | | | | |
| 1.28 | | | Three months or less | | | | 1,322 | | | 0.1 | |
| 0.60 | | | Over three through six months | | | | 310 | | | — | |
| 0.47 | | | Over six through twelve months | | | | 57,739 | | | 5.3 | |
| 2.27 | | | Over twelve months | | | | 350,217 | | | 32.0 | |
| | | | Retail certificates of deposit, fair value adjustment | | (12) | | | — | |
| 2.01 | | | | | Total certificates of deposit, retail | | 409,576 | | | 37.4 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | Total deposits | | $ | 1,093,633 | | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Weighted-Average Interest Rate | | Product Term | | Category | | Amount | | Percentage
of Total
Deposits |
| (Dollars in thousands) |
| — | % | | N/A | | Noninterest bearing demand deposits | | $ | 100,899 | | | 8.4 | % |
| 0.32 | | | N/A | | Interest-bearing demand | | 56,968 | | | 4.8 | |
| 0.03 | | | N/A | | Savings | | 18,886 | | | 1.6 | |
| 3.43 | | | N/A | | Money market | | 529,411 | | | 44.3 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Certificates of deposit, retail | | | | |
| 4.20 | | | Three months or less | | | | 917 | | | 0.1 | |
| 5.15 | | | Over three through six months | | | | 3,370 | | | 0.3 | |
| 3.90 | | | Over six through twelve months | | | | 30,096 | | | 2.5 | |
| 3.93 | | | Over twelve months | | | | 322,770 | | | 27.0 | |
| 3.94 | | | | | Total certificates of deposit, retail | | 357,153 | | | 29.9 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| 5.30 | | | Over six through twelve months | | Brokered certificates of deposit | | 20,000 | | | 1.7 | |
| 5.17 | | | Over twelve months | | Brokered certificates of deposit | | 75,260 | | | 6.3 | |
| 4.73 | | | N/A | | Interest-bearing demand, brokered | | 25,096 | | | 2.1 | |
| 5.43 | | | N/A | | Money market, brokered | | 10,434 | | | 0.9 | |
| 5.12 | | | | | Total brokered deposits | | 130,790 | | | 11.0 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | Total deposits | | $ | 1,194,107 | | | 100.0 | % |
Certificates of Deposit. The following table sets forth the amount and remaining maturities of certificates of deposit at December 31, 2020.2023.
| | Within
One Year | | After One Year Through Two Years | | After Two Years Through Three Years | | After Three Years Through Four Years | | Thereafter | | Total |
|
One Year or Less | | |
One Year or Less | | After One Year Through Two Years | | After Two Years Through Three Years | | After Three Years Through Four Years | | Thereafter | | Total |
| | | (In thousands) | | (In thousands) |
| 0.00 - 1.00% | 0.00 - 1.00% | $ | 69,326 | | | $ | 13,289 | | | $ | 7,821 | | | $ | 2,794 | | | $ | 352 | | | $ | 93,582 | |
| 1.01 - 2.00% | 1.01 - 2.00% | 64,426 | | | 12,700 | | | 4,575 | | | 3,206 | | | 1,238 | | | 86,145 | |
| 2.01 - 3.00% | 2.01 - 3.00% | 123,519 | | | 29,257 | | | 16,378 | | | 11,579 | | | — | | | 180,733 | |
| 3.01 - 4.00% | 3.01 - 4.00% | 10,359 | | | 8,045 | | | 29,781 | | | 943 | | | — | | | 49,128 | |
| Retail certificates
of deposit, fair
value adjustment | (9) | | | (3) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (12) | |
| 4.01 - 5.00% | |
| 5.01 - 6.00% | |
| Total | Total | $ | 267,621 | | | $ | 63,288 | | | $ | 58,555 | | | $ | 18,522 | | | $ | 1,590 | | | $ | 409,576 | |
The following table sets forthprovides the amountuninsured portion of our jumboretail certificates of deposit at December 31, 2023, by their remaining maturity as of December 31, 2020.period.
| | | | | | | | |
| Maturity Period | | Certificates of Deposit |
| | | (In thousands) |
| Three months or less | | $ | 73,99163,701 | |
| Over three months through six months | | 70,8514,959 | |
| Over six months through twelve months | | 84,60759,231 | |
| Over twelve months | | 115,58742,241 | |
| Total | | $ | 345,036170,132 | |
Deposits by Type. The following table sets forth the deposit balances by the types of accounts we offered at the dates indicated.
| | | | December 31, | | December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| Amount | | Percent of Total | | Amount | | Percent of Total | | Amount | | Percent of Total |
| (Dollars in thousands) |
| Amount | | | Amount | | Percent of Total | | Amount | | Percent of Total | | Amount | | Percent of Total |
| (Dollars in thousands) | | | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Noninterest bearing | Noninterest bearing | $ | 91,285 | | | 8.3 | % | | $ | 52,849 | | | 5.1 | % | | $ | 46,108 | | | 4.9 | % | Noninterest bearing | $ | 100,899 | | | 8.4 | | 8.4 | % | | $ | 119,944 | | | 10.3 | | 10.3 | % | | $ | 117,751 | | | 10.2 | | 10.2 | % |
| Interest-bearing demand | Interest-bearing demand | 108,182 | | | 9.9 | | | 65,897 | | | 6.4 | | | 40,079 | | | 4.3 | |
| Statement savings | 19,221 | | | 1.8 | | | 17,447 | | | 1.7 | | | 24,799 | | | 2.6 | |
| Savings | |
| Money market | Money market | 465,369 | | | 42.5 | | | 377,766 | | | 36.6 | | | 339,047 | | | 36.1 | |
| Certificates of deposit, retail: | Certificates of deposit, retail: | |
| 0.00 - 1.00% | |
| 0.00 - 1.00% | |
| 0.00 - 1.00% | 0.00 - 1.00% | 93,582 | | | 8.6 | | | 7,428 | | | 0.7 | | | 15,790 | | | 1.7 | |
| 1.01 - 2.00% | 1.01 - 2.00% | 86,145 | | | 7.9 | | | 131,252 | | | 12.7 | | | 191,294 | | | 20.4 | |
| 2.01 - 3.00% | 2.01 - 3.00% | 180,733 | | | 16.5 | | | 230,405 | | | 22.3 | | | 131,328 | | | 14.0 | |
| 3.01 - 4.00% | 3.01 - 4.00% | 49,128 | | | 4.5 | | | 56,046 | | | 5.4 | | | 52,820 | | | 5.6 | |
| 4.01 - 5.00% | |
| 5.01 - 6.00% | |
| Total certificates of deposit, retail | |
| Total certificates of deposit, retail | |
| Total certificates of deposit, retail | |
| Brokered deposits: | |
| | Retail certificates of deposit, fair value adjustment | (12) | | | — | | | (28) | | | — | | | (58) | | | — | |
| Total certificates of deposit, retail | 409,576 | | | 37.5 | | | 425,103 | | | 41.1 | | | 391,174 | | | 41.7 | |
| Certificates of deposit, brokered | |
| 0.00 - 1.00% | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 121 | | | — | |
| 1.01 - 2.00% | — | | | — | | | 70,510 | | | 6.8 | | | 43,221 | | | 4.6 | |
| 2.01 - 3.00% | — | | | — | | | 23,962 | | | 2.3 | | | 45,835 | | | 4.9 | |
| | 3.01 - 4.00% | 3.01 - 4.00% | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 8,648 | | | 0.9 | |
| | 3.01 - 4.00% | |
| | 3.01 - 4.00% | |
| 4.01 - 5.00% | |
| 5.01 - 6.00% | |
| Total certificates of deposit, brokered | Total certificates of deposit, brokered | — | | | — | | | 94,472 | | | 9.1 | | | 97,825 | | | 10.4 | |
| Interest-bearing demand, brokered | |
| Money market, brokered | |
| Total brokered deposits | |
| Total deposits | Total deposits | $ | 1,093,633 | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 1,033,534 | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 939,032 | | | 100.0 | % | Total deposits | $ | 1,194,107 | | | 100.0 | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 1,170,040 | | | 100.0 | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 1,157,474 | | | 100.0 | | 100.0 | % |
Borrowings. Customer deposits are the primary source of funds for our lending and investment activities. We use advances from the FHLB and to a lesser extent federal funds (“Fed Funds”) purchased to supplement our supply of lendable funds, to meet short-term deposit withdrawal requirements and to provide longer term funding to assist in the management of our interest rate risk by matching the duration of selected loan and investment maturities.
As a member of the FHLB, we are required to own capital stock in the FHLB and are authorized to apply for advances on the security of that stock and certain of our mortgage loans, provided that certain creditworthiness standards have been met. Advances are individually made under various terms pursuant to several different credit programs, each with its own interest rate and range of maturities. Depending on the program, limitations on the amount of advances are based on the financial condition of the member institution and the adequacy of collateral pledged to secure the credit. We maintain a credit facility with the FHLB that provides for immediately available advances, subject to acceptable collateral. At December 31, 2020,2023, our remaining FHLB credit capacity was $494.4$561.3 million and outstanding advances from the FHLB totaled $120.0$125.0 million. In addition, at December 31, 2020,2023, we had supplemental funding sources of $82.2$55.8 million available at the FRB and $75.0 million available between two othercorrespondent financial institutions.
The following table sets forth information regarding FHLB advances at the end of and during the years indicated. The table includes both long- and short-term borrowings.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | At or for the Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Maximum amount of borrowings outstanding at any month end | $ | 160,000 | | | $ | 184,500 | | | $ | 224,000 | |
| Average borrowings outstanding | 125,392 | | | 129,899 | | | 183,667 | |
| Average rate paid during the year | 1.31 | % | | 2.09 | % | | 1.92 | % |
| Balance outstanding at end of the year | $ | 120,000 | | | $ | 137,700 | | | $ | 146,500 | |
| Weighted-average rate paid at end of the year | 0.36 | % | | 1.84 | % | | 2.62 | % |
Other than our utilization of interest rate swaps, we do not currently participate in other hedging programs, stand-alone contracts for interest rate caps or floors or other activities involving the use of off-balance sheet derivative financial instruments, however, these options are evaluated on occasion. As of December 31, 2020,2023, we had sixeight interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $120.0$115.0 million and a fair value lossgain of $2.9 million. In addition, during 2020, the Company entered into two forward-starting swap agreements$7.6 million as compared to commence in October 2021seven interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $25.0$95.0 million and a fair value gain of $10.5 million at December 31, 20202022. The $115.0 million notional amount included two new agreements we entered into with qualified institutions on July 17, 2023. One agreement had a $15.0 million notional amount, a two-year maturity and a fixed rate of $64,000.4.57%. The second agreement also had a $15.0 million notional amount, a three-year maturity and a fixed rate of 4.15%. On November 20, 2023, a $10.0 million notional swap with a four-year maturity and a fixed rate of 1.59% matured and was not replaced. For additional information, see Item 1A. Risk Factors -“Risks Related to Market and Interest Rate Changes - If the interest rate swaps we enteredenter into prove ineffective, it could result in volatility in our operating results, including potential loses,losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows,” Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Asset and Liability Management,” and Note 1011 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this report.
Subsidiaries and Other Activities
First Financial Northwest, Inc.First Financial Northwest has two wholly-owned subsidiaries, First Financial Northwestthe Bank and First Financial Diversified Corporation. First Financial Diversified previously held a small portfolio of loans. Subsequent to these loans paying off in 2019, the company had minimal activity.
First Financial Northwest Bank. First Financial NorthwestThe Bank is a community-based commercial bank. The Bankbank which primarily serves the greater Puget Sound region of King and to a lesser extent, Pierce, Snohomish and Kitsap Counties, Washington through our full-service banking office in Renton, Washington and thirteenfourteen additional branches in King, Pierce and Snohomish Counties, Washington. In addition, the Bank opened a new branch office in Issaquah, Washington in March 2021. We are in the business of attracting deposits from the public and utilizing those deposits to originate loans. First Financial Diversified Corporation previously held a small portfolio of loans. Subsequent to these loans paying off in 2019, the company has had minimal activity.
Competition
The Bank operates in the highly competitive Puget Sound region of Western Washington. We face competition in originating loans and attracting deposits within our geographic market area. The competitive environment is impacted by changes in the regulatory environment, technology and product delivery systems as well as consolidation in the industry creating larger, more diversified competitors. We compete by consistently delivering high-quality personal service to our customers seeking to achievethat results in a high level of customer satisfaction.
The Bank attracts deposits primarily through its branch office system. The competition is primarily from commercial banks, savings institutions and credit unions in the same geographic area. Based on the most current FDIC market share data dated June 30, 2020,2023, the top five banks in the Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue metropolitan statistical area (comprised of Bank of America, JP Morgan Chase, Wells Fargo, US Bancorp and KeyBank) controlled 72% of the deposit market. In addition to the FDIC insured competitors, credit unions, insurance companies and brokerage firms also compete for consumer deposit relationships. According to FDIC statistical data, theThe Bank’s share of aggregate deposits in the market area is less than 1%.
Our competition for loans comes principally from commercial banks, mortgage brokers, thrift institutions, credit unions and finance companies. Several other financial institutions compete with us for banking business in our market area. These institutions have substantially more resources than the Bank and, as a result, are able to offer a broader range of services, such as trust departments and enhanced retail services. Among the advantages of some of these institutions are their ability to make larger loans, initiate extensive advertising campaigns, access lower cost funding sources, and allocate their investable assets in regions of highest yield and demand. The challenges posed by such large competitors may impact our ability to originate loans, secure low cost deposits, and establish product pricing levels that support our net interest margin goals that may limit our future growth and earnings potential.
Human Capital
First Financial Northwest BankThe Company continually strives to recruit the most talented, motivated employees in their respective fields. By providing opportunities for personal and professional growth pluscoupled with an environment that values teamwork and work-life balance, we are able to attract and retain outstanding individuals. We pride ourselves on providing excellent benefits, competitive salaries and the opportunity for participation in the company's long-term success.
Workforce. At December 31, 2020,2023, we had 151142 full-time employees. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining group. First Financial Northwest BankThe Company is committed to providing equality of opportunity in all aspects of employment through a comprehensive affirmative action plan that is updated annually. As of December 31, 2023, our workforce was 58.5% female and 41.5% male, and women held 52.5% of the Bank’s management roles. The average tenure of mid-level officers and managers is 4.7 years and the average tenure of executive/senior level officers is 9.8 years. The ethnicity of our workforce was 61.3% White, 26.8% Asian, 4.2% Hispanic or Latino, 2.8% Black, 2.1% Two or More Races, 0.7% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and 2.1% undisclosed at December 31, 2023.
The following chart depicts the percentage of self-identified females and minorities in our workforce at December 31, 2020,2023, by job classification as defined by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Job Classification | | Female | | Minority (1) | | Distribution by EEOC Job Classification |
| | | | | | |
| Executive / Senior level officers | | 46.2 | % | | 46.2 | % | | 9.2 | % |
| Mid-level officers and managers | | 54.2 | | | 31.3 | | | 33.8 | |
| Professionals | | 45.5 | | | 36.4 | | | 23.2 | |
| Sales workers | | 37.5 | | | 37.5 | | | 5.6 | |
| Technicians | | — | | | 50.0 | | | 1.4 | |
| Administrative support | | 86.8 | | | 47.4 | | | 26.8 | |
| Total | | 58.5 | % | | 38.7 | % | | 100.0 | % |
__________
(1) Includes employees self-disclosed as Asian, Black, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Hispanic or Latino, or Two or More Races.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Female | | Minority | | Distribution by EEOC Job Classification |
| | | | | | |
| Executive / Senior level officers | | 35.7 | % | | 28.6 | % | | 9.3 | % |
| Mid-level officers and managers | | 62.2 | | | 27.5 | | | 30.0 | |
| Professionals | | 56.7 | | | 26.7 | | | 20.0 | |
| Sales workers | | 40.0 | | | 44.4 | | | 6.7 | |
| Administrative support | | 80.4 | | | 42.6 | | | 34.0 | |
| Total | | 64.7 | % | | 33.1 | % | | 100.0 | % |
Benefits. The Company provides competitive comprehensive benefits to employees. The Company values the health and well-being of its employees and strives to provide programs to support this. Benefit programs available to eligible employees may include 401(k) savings plan, employee stock ownershipprofit-sharing plan, ESOP, health and life insurance, employee assistance program, paid holidays, paid time off, and other leave as applicable. Effective January 1, 2023, the Company made changes to its 401(k) plan to qualify as a “Safe Harbor” plan. Under the revised plan, employee contributions up to 5% will be matched 100% by the Company and said matching contributions will be immediately vested to the employee. Separately, in an effort to replace the ESOP benefits that matured in 2022, the Company introduced a profit-sharing plan beginning in 2023, wherein a contribution will be made to every employee’s retirement account in an amount ranging from 5% to 8% annually, based on the Company’s profitability.
Response to COVID-19 pandemic.Board of Directors. As an essential business,The Company’s Board of Directors is comprised of the Company responded quickly to implement procedures to assist employees in navigating the challenging impact from the pandemic, as well as protect the safety of both employeesCompany’s Chief Executive Officer and customers. In response to Washington State’s stay at home order, the Company moved eligible positions to remote work status. Safety measures were promptly implemented to protect employees working on site, which included installation of protective partitionsChief Financial Officer and fully equipping locations with personal safety supplies. Employees who experienced a reduction in hours due to reduced branch operating hours continued to receive their full pay. Additional sick time was authorized for employees impacted directlyfive non-employee directors. The non-employee directors are represented by the COVID-19 virus. As Washington state mandates change, the Company will continue to make adjustments to support employees60% female and prioritize employee safety.20% minority.
Training and education. The Company recognizes that the skills and knowledge of its employees are critical to the success of the organization, and promotes training and continuing education as an ongoing function for employees. The Bank’s compliance training program provides annual training courses to assure that all employees and officers know the rules applicable to their jobs.
How We Are Regulated
The following is a brief description of certain laws and regulations that are applicable to First Financial Northwest and First Financial Northwestthe Bank. On March 31, 2015, First Financial Northwest converted from a registered savings and loan holding company to a bank holding company. As a bank holding company, First Financial Northwest is subject to examination and supervision by,
and is required to file certain reports with the FRB. First Financial Northwest also is subject to the rules and regulations of the SEC under the federal securities laws. First Financial NorthwestThe Bank, which changed its charter from a Washington-chartered savings bank to a Washington-chartered commercial bank effective on February 11, 2016, is subject to regulation and oversight by the DFI, the applicable provisions of Washington law and by the regulations of the DFI adopted thereunder. First Financial NorthwestThe Bank also is subject to regulation and examination by the FDIC, which insures its deposits to the maximum extent permitted by law.
The laws and regulations governing us may be amended from time to time by the relevant legislative bodies and regulators. Any such legislative action or regulatory changes in the future could adversely affect us. We cannot predict whether any such changes may occur.
Regulation and Supervision of First Financial Northwest Bank
General. As a state-chartered commercial bank, First Financial Northwestthe Bank is subject to applicable provisions of Washington state law and regulations of the DFI in addition to federal law and regulations of the FDIC applicable to state banks that are not members of the Federal Reserve System. State law and regulations govern First Financial Northwestthe Bank’s ability to take deposits and pay interest, to make loans on or invest in residential and other real estate, to make consumer loans, to invest in securities, to offer various banking services to its customers and to establish branch offices. Under state law, commercial banks in Washington also generally have all of the powers that federal commercial banks have under federal laws and regulations. First Financial NorthwestThe Bank is subject to periodic examination by and reporting requirements of the DFI.
Insurance of Accounts and Regulation by the FDIC. First Financial NorthwestThe Bank’s deposits are insured up to $250,000 per separately insured deposit ownership right or category by the Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”) of the FDIC. As insurer, the FDIC imposes deposit insurance premiums and is authorized to conduct examinations of, and to require reporting by, FDIC-insured institutions.
The FDIC assesses deposit insurance premiums quarterly on each FDIC-insured institution applied to its deposit base, which is its average consolidated total assets minus its Tier 1 capital. No institution may pay a dividend if it is in default on its federal deposit insurance assessment. Total base assessment rates currently range from 5 to 32 basis points subject to certain adjustments.
Extraordinary growth in insured deposits during the first and second quarters of 2020 caused the DIF reserve ratio to decline below the statutory minimum of 1.35 percent.In September 2020, the FDIC Board of Directors adopted a Restoration Plan to restore the reserve ratio to at least 1.35 percent within eight years, absent extraordinary circumstances, as required by the Federal Deposit Insurance Act. The Restoration Plan maintained the assessment rate schedules in place at the time and required the FDIC to update its analysis and projections for the deposit insurance fund balance and reserve ratio at least semiannually. In the semiannual update for the Restoration Plan in June 2022, the FDIC projected that the reserve ratio was at risk of not reaching the statutory minimum of 1.35 percent by September 30, 2028, the statutory deadline to restore the reserve ratio.Based on this update, the FDIC Board approved an Amended Restoration Plan, and concurrently proposed an increase in initial base deposit insurance assessment rate schedules uniformly by 2 basis points, applicable to all insured depository institutions. In October 2022, the FDIC Board adopted a final rule to increase initial base deposit insurance assessment rate schedules uniformly by two basis points, with an effective date of January 1, 2023, applicable to the first quarterly assessment period of 2023.The revised assessment rate schedules are intended to increase the likelihood that the reserve ratio of the DIF reaches the statutory minimum level of 1.35 percent by September 30, 2028
Management cannot predict what FDIC assessment rates will be in the future. In a banking industry emergency, the FDIC may also impose a special assessment. The Bank paid $683,000 in FDIC assessments for the year ending December 31, 2023.
As insurer, the FDIC is authorized to conduct examinations of and to require reporting by FDIC-insured institutions. The FDIC also may prohibit any insured institution from engaging in any activity the FDIC determines by regulation or order to pose a serious risk to the DIF. The FDIC also has the authority to initiate enforcement actions against commercial institutions and may terminate the deposit insurance if it determines that the institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices or is in an unsafe or unsound condition.
Under the FDIC’s rules, the assessment base for a bank is equal to its total average consolidated assets less average tangible equity capital. Currently, the FDIC’s base assessment rates are 3 to 30 basis points and are subject to certain adjustments. For institutions with less than $10 billion in assets, rates are determined based on supervisory ratings and certain financial ratios. No institution may pay a dividend if it is in default on its federal deposit insurance assessment. The FDIC has authority to increase insurance assessments, and any significant increases may have an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results of operations of the Company. Management cannot predict what assessment rates will be in the future. In a banking industry emergency, the FDIC may also impose a special assessment.
The FDIC announced that the DIF reserve ratio surpassed 1.35% as of September 30, 2018 which triggered two changes under the regulations: surcharges on large banks (total consolidated assets of $10 billion or more) ended and small banks (total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion, which includes the Bank) were awarded assessment credits for the portion of their assessments that contributed to the growth in the reserve ratio from 1.15% to 1.35% to be applied when the reserve ratio is at least 1.35%. The Bank applied the $282,000 small bank credits received to its quarterly deposit insurance assessments paid during 2019, reducing the Bank’s FDIC expense for the year to $307,000. The Bank paid $561,000 in FDIC assessments for the year ending December 31, 2020.
As insurer, the FDIC is authorized to conduct examinations of and to require reporting by FDIC-insured institutions. It also may prohibit any FDIC-insured institution from engaging in any activity the FDIC determines by regulation or order to pose a serious threat to the DIF. The FDIC also has the authority to take enforcement actions against banks and savings associations. Management is not aware of any existing circumstances which would result in termination of the Bank's deposit insurance.
Standards for Safety and Soundness. TheEach federal banking regulatory agencies have prescribed, by regulation,agency, including the FDIC, has adopted guidelines for all insured depository institutionsestablishing general standards relating to:to internal controls, information systems and internal audit systems,systems; loan documentation,documentation; credit underwriting,underwriting; interest rate risk exposure,exposure; asset growth,growth; asset quality, earningsquality; earnings; and compensation, fees and benefits. TheIn general, the guidelines set forth the safetyrequire, among other things, appropriate systems and soundness standards that the federal banking agencies usepractices to identify and address problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes impaired. Each insured depository institution must implement a comprehensive written information security program that includes administrative, technicalmanage the risks and physical safeguards appropriateexposures specified in the guidelines. The guidelines prohibit excessive compensation as an unsafe and unsound practice and describe
compensation as excessive when the amounts paid are unreasonable or disproportionate to the institution’s size and complexity and the nature and scope of its activities. The information security program also must be designed to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer information, protect against any unanticipated threatsservices performed by an executive officer, employee, director, or hazards to the security or integrity of such information, protect against unauthorized access to or use of such information that could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to any customer and ensure the proper disposal of customer and consumer information. Each insured depository institution must also develop and implement a risk-based response program to address incidents of unauthorized access to customer information in customer information systems.principal shareholder. If the FDIC determines that an institution fails to meet any of these guidelines, it may require an institution to submit to the FDIC an
acceptable plan to achieve compliance. We areManagement of the Bank is not aware of any conditions relating to these safety and soundness standards thatwhich would require submission of a plan of compliance by First Financial Northwest Bank.compliance.
Capital Requirements. Federally insured financial institutions, such as First Financial Northwestthe Bank, and their holding companies, are required to maintain a minimum level of regulatory capital.
First Financial NorthwestThe Bank is subject to capital regulations adopted by the FDIC, which establish minimum required ratios for a common equity Tier 1 capital (“CET1”), capital to risk-based assets ratio, a Tier 1 capital andto risk-based assets ratio, a total capital to risk-based assets ratio and a Tier 1 capital to total assets leverage ratio. The capital standards require the leverage ratio; set out risk-weights for assets and certain off-balance sheet items for purposesmaintenance of the risk-basedfollowing minimum capital ratios, require an additionalratios: (i) a CET1 capital conservation buffer over the minimum risk-based ratios’ratio of 4.5%; (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6%; (iii) a total capital ratio of 8%; and define what qualifies as capital for purposes(iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of meeting the capital requirements.4%. Consolidated regulatory capital requirements identical to those applicable to subsidiary banks generally apply to bank holding companies.However, the Federal Reserve Board has provided a “Small Bank Holding Company” exception to its consolidated capital requirements, and bank holding companies with less than $3.0 billion of consolidated assets are not subject to the consolidated holding company capital requirements unless otherwise directed by the Federal Reserve Board.Reserve.
UnderThe Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act (“EGRRCPA”), enacted in May 2018, required the federal banking agencies, including the FDIC, to establish for institutions with assets of less than $10 billion a “community bank leverage ratio” or “CBLR” of between 8 to 10%.Institutions with capital regulations,meeting or exceeding the minimumratio and otherwise complying with the specified requirements (including off-balance sheet exposures of 25% or less of total assets and trading assets and liabilities of 5% or less of total assets) and electing the alternative framework are considered to comply with the applicable regulatory capital ratios are: (1) a CET1 capital ratio of 4.5% of risk-weighted assets; (2) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0% of risk-weighted assets; (3) a totalrequirements, including the risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% of risk-weighted assets; and (4) a leverage ratio (the ratio ofrequirements. The CBLR was established at 9% Tier 1 capital to total average total adjusted assets) of 4.0%. CET1 generally consists of common stock, retained earnings, accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) unless anassets, effective January 1, 2020. A qualifying institution has elected to exclude AOCI from regulatory capital,may opt in and certain minority interests, all subject to applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions. Tier 1 capital generally consists of CET1 and noncumulative perpetual preferred stock. Tier 2 capital generally consists of other preferred stock and subordinated debt meeting certain conditions plus an amount of the allowance for loan and lease losses up to 1.25% of assets. Total capital is the sum of Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital.
Mortgage servicing assets and deferred tax assets over designated percentages of CET1 are deducted from capital. In addition, Tier 1 capital includes AOCI, which includes all unrealized gains and losses on available for sale debt and equity securities. However, because of our asset size, we were eligible for the one-time option of permanently opting out of the inclusioncommunity bank leverage ratio framework on its quarterly call report.An institution that temporarily ceases to meet any qualifying criteria is provided with a two-quarter grace period to again achieve compliance. Failure to meet the qualifying criteria within the grace period or maintain a leverage ratio of unrealized gains and losses on available for sale debt and equity securities in8% or greater requires the institution to comply with the generally applicable capital requirements. Although the Bank qualified to make this election, as of December 31, 2023, management has not elected to use the CBLR as the Bank’s margin above the current minimum levels to be well-capitalized is greater than our capital calculations. We elected this option inmargin would be under the first quarter of 2015.CBLR.
For purposes of determining risk-based capital, assets and certain off-balance sheet items are risk-weighted from 0% to 1,250%, depending on the risk characteristics of the asset or item. These risk weights include, for example, a 150% risk weight for certain high volatility commercial real estate acquisition, development and construction loans and for non‑residential mortgage loans that are 90 days past due or otherwise in nonaccrual status; and a 20% credit conversion factor for the unused portion of a commitment with an original maturity of one year or less that is not unconditionally cancellable.
In addition to the minimum CET1, Tier 1, and total capital ratios, the capital regulations require a capital conservation buffer consisting of additional CET1 capital greater than 2.5% of risk-weighted assets above the required minimum levels in order to avoid limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses.
To be considered “well capitalized,” a depository institution must have a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 8%, a total risk-based capital ratio of at least 10%, a CET1 capital ratio of at least 6.5% and a leverage ratio of at least 5%, and not be subject to an individualized order, directive or agreement under which its primary federal banking regulator requires it to maintain a specific capital level. As of December 31, 2020,2023, First Financial Northwest Bank met the requirements to be “well capitalized” and met the fully phased-in capital conservation buffer requirement.
The Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act (“EGRRCPA”), enacted in May 2018, required the federal banking agencies, including the FDIC, to establish for institutions with assets of less than $10 billion a “community bank leverage ratio” of between 8 to 10%. Institutions with capital meeting or exceeding the ratio and otherwise complying with the specified requirements (including off-balance sheet exposures of 25% or less of total assets and trading assets and liabilities of 5% or less of total assets) and electing the alternative framework are considered to comply with the applicable regulatory capital requirements, including the risk-based requirements. The community bank leverage ratio was established at 9% Tier 1 capital to total average assets, effective January 1, 2020. A qualifying institution may opt in and out of the community bank leverage ratio framework on its quarterly call report. An institution that temporarily ceases to meet any qualifying criteria is provided with a two- quarter grace period to again achieve compliance. Failure to meet the qualifying criteria within the grace period or maintain a leverage ratio of 8% or greater requires the institution to comply with the generally applicable capital requirements. Although the Bank qualified to make this election, on January 1, 2020, management did not
elect the community bank leverage ratio as the Bank’s margin above the current minimum levels to be well-capitalized is greater than our margin would be under the community bank leverage ratio.
The table below sets forth First Financial Northwestthe Bank’s capital position at December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, based on FDIC thresholds to be well-capitalized.
| | | | December 31, | | December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio |
| | | (Dollars in thousands) | | (Dollars in thousands) |
Bank equity capital under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
(“GAAP”) | $ | 140,114 | | | $ | 135,656 | | |
| Bank equity capital under GAAP | |
| | Tier 1 leverage capital | |
| | Tier 1 leverage capital | |
| | Tier 1 leverage capital | Tier 1 leverage capital | $ | 140,319 | | | 10.29 | % | | $ | 135,170 | | | 10.27 | % | $ | 158,629 | | | 10.18 | | 10.18 | % | | $ | 156,147 | | | 10.31 | | 10.31 | % |
| Tier 1 leverage capital requirement | Tier 1 leverage capital requirement | 68,189 | | | 5.00 | | | 65,787 | | | 5.00 | |
| Excess | Excess | $ | 72,130 | | | 5.29 | % | | $ | 69,383 | | | 5.27 | % | Excess | $ | 80,693 | | | 5.18 | | 5.18 | % | | $ | 80,425 | | | 5.31 | | 5.31 | % |
| | Common equity tier 1 | Common equity tier 1 | $ | 140,319 | | | 14.32 | % | | $ | 135,170 | | | 13.13 | % |
| Common equity tier 1 | |
| Common equity tier 1 | | $ | 158,629 | | | 14.90 | % | | $ | 156,147 | | | 14.37 | % |
| Common equity tier 1 capital requirement | Common equity tier 1 capital requirement | 63,705 | | | 6.50 | | | 66,917 | | | 6.50 | |
| Excess | Excess | $ | 76,614 | | | 7.82 | % | | $ | 68,253 | | | 6.63 | % | Excess | $ | 89,409 | | | 8.40 | | 8.40 | % | | $ | 85,506 | | | 7.87 | | 7.87 | % |
| | Tier 1 risk-based capital | |
| Tier 1 risk-based capital | |
| Tier 1 risk-based capital | Tier 1 risk-based capital | $ | 140,319 | | | 14.32 | % | | $ | 135,170 | | | 13.13 | % | $ | 158,629 | | | 14.90 | | 14.90 | % | | $ | 156,147 | | | 14.37 | | 14.37 | % |
| Tier 1 risk-based capital requirement | Tier 1 risk-based capital requirement | 78,406 | | | 8.00 | | | 82,359 | | | 8.00 | |
| Excess | Excess | $ | 61,913 | | | 6.32 | % | | $ | 52,811 | | | 5.13 | % | Excess | $ | 73,435 | | | 6.90 | | 6.90 | % | | $ | 69,205 | | | 6.37 | | 6.37 | % |
| | Total risk-based capital | Total risk-based capital | $ | 152,610 | | | 15.57 | % | | $ | 148,048 | | | 14.38 | % |
| Total risk-based capital | |
| Total risk-based capital | | $ | 171,971 | | | 16.15 | % | | $ | 169,755 | | | 15.62 | % |
| Total risk-based capital requirement | Total risk-based capital requirement | 98,008 | | | 10.00 | | | 102,949 | | | 10.00 | |
| Excess | Excess | $ | 54,602 | | | 5.57 | % | | $ | 45,099 | | | 4.38 | % | Excess | $ | 65,478 | | | 6.15 | | 6.15 | % | | $ | 61,077 | | | 5.62 | | 5.62 | % |
The FDIC also has authority to establish individual minimum capital requirements in appropriate cases upon a determination that an institution’s capital level is or may become inadequate in light of particular risks or circumstances.
For a complete description of First Financial Northwestthe Bank’s required and actual capital levels on December 31, 2020,2023, see Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this report.
The Financial Accounting Standards Board has(“FASB”) adopted a new accounting standard for US Generally Accepted Accounting PrinciplesStandards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13 that will bebecame effective for us for our first fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2022. This standard, referred to as Current Expected Credit Loss, or CECL, requires FDIC-insured institutions and their holding companies (banking organizations) to recognize credit losses expected over the life of certain financial assets. CECL covers a broader range of assets than the current method of recognizing credit losses and generally results in earlier recognition of credit losses. Upon adoption of CECL, a banking organization must recordwe recorded a one-time adjustment to its credit loss allowances as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption equal$395,000 to the difference, if any, between the amount of credit loss allowances under the current methodology and the amount required under CECL. For a banking organization, implementation of CECL is generally likely to reduce retained earnings, and a $500,000 increase to affect other items,the allowance for credit losses in a manner that reduces its regulatory capital.
The federal banking regulators (the Federal Reserve, the Officefirst quarter of the Comptroller of the Currency and the FDIC) have adopted a rule that gives a banking organization the option to phase in over a three-year period the day-one adverse effects of CECL on its regulatory capital.2023.
Prompt Corrective Action. Federal statutes establish a supervisory framework for FDIC-insured institutions based on five capital categories: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized and critically undercapitalized. An institution’s category depends upon where its capital levels are in relation to relevant capital measures. The well-capitalized category is described above. An institution that is not well capitalized is subject to certain restrictions on
brokered deposits, including restrictions on the rates it can offer on its deposits, generally. To be considered adequately capitalized, an institution must have the minimum capital ratios described above. Any institution which is neither well capitalized nor adequately capitalized is considered undercapitalized. The previously referenced final rule establishing an elective “community bank leverage ratio” regulatory capital framework provides that a qualifying institution whose capital exceeds the community bank leverage ratio and opts to use that framework will be considered “well capitalized” for purposes of prompt corrective action.
Undercapitalized institutions are subject to certain prompt corrective action requirements, regulatory controls and restrictions which become more extensive as an institution becomes more severely undercapitalized. Failure by First Financial Northwestthe Bank to
comply with applicable capital requirements would, if unremedied, result in progressively more severe restrictions on its activities and lead to enforcement actions, including, but not limited to, the issuance of a capital directive to ensure the maintenance of required capital levels and, ultimately, the appointment of the FDIC as receiver or conservator. Banking regulators will take prompt corrective action with respect to depository institutions that do not meet minimum capital requirements. Additionally, approval of any regulatory application filed for their review may be dependent on compliance with capital requirements.
At December 31, 2020, First Financial Northwest2023, the Bank was categorized as “well capitalized” under the prompt corrective action regulations of the FDIC. For additional information, see Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this report.
Federal Home Loan Bank System. First Financial NorthwestThe Bank is a member of the FHLB of Des Moines, one of 11 regional FHLBs that administer the home financing credit function of savings institutions. The FHLBs are subject to the oversight of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) and each FHLB serves as a reserve or central bank for its members within its assigned region. The FHLBs are funded primarily from proceeds derived from the sale of consolidated obligations of the FHLB System and make loans or advances to members in accordance with policies and procedures established by the Board of Directors of the FHLB, which are subject to the oversight of the FHFA. All advances from the FHLB of Des Moines are required to be fully secured by sufficient collateral as determined by the FHLB of Des Moines.FHLB. In addition, all long-term advances are required to provide funds for residential home financing. See “Business – Deposit Activities and Other Sources of Funds – Borrowings.”
As a member, the Bank is required to purchase and maintain stock in the FHLB of Des Moines based on the Bank's asset size and level of borrowings from the FHLB. At December 31, 2020,2023, the Bank held $6.4$6.5 million in FHLB of Des Moines stock that was in compliance with the holding requirements. The FHLB pays dividends quarterly, and First Financial Northwestthe Bank received $320,000$485,000 in dividends during the year ended December 31, 2020.2023.
The FHLBs continue to contribute to low- and moderately-priced housing programs through direct loans or interest subsidies on advances targeted for community investment and low- and moderate-income housing projects. These contributions have adversely affected the level of FHLB dividends paid and could continue to do so in the future. These contributions could also have an adverse effect on the value of FHLB of Des Moines stock in the future. A reduction in value of First Financial Northwestthe Bank’s FHLB of Des Moines stock may result in a decrease in net income and possibly capital.
Commercial Real Estate Lending Concentrations. The federal banking agencies have issued guidance on sound risk management practices for concentrations in commercial real estate lending. The particular focus is on exposure to commercial real estate loans that are dependent on the cash flow from the real estate held as collateral and that are likely to be sensitive to conditions in the commercial real estate market (as opposed to real estate collateral held as a secondary source of repayment or as an abundance of caution). The purpose of the guidance is not to limit a bank’s commercial real estate lending but to guide banks in developing risk management practices and capital levels commensurate with the level and nature of real estate concentrations. The guidance directs the FDIC and other federal bank regulatory agencies to focus their supervisory resources on institutions that may have significant commercial real estate loan concentration risk. A bank that has experienced rapid growth in commercial real estate lending, has notable exposure to a specific type of commercial real estate loan, or is approaching or exceeding the following supervisory criteria may be identified for further supervisory analysis with respect to real estate concentration risk:
•Total reported loans for construction, land development and other land represent 100% or more of the bank’s total regulatory capital; or
•Total commercial real estate loans (as defined in the guidance) represent 300% or more of the bank’s total regulatory capital and the outstanding balance of the bank’s commercial real estate loan portfolio has increased 50% or more during the prior 36 months.
The guidance provides that the strength of an institution’s lending and risk management practices with respect to such concentrations will be taken into account in supervisory guidance on evaluation of capital adequacy. As of December 31, 2020, First Financial Northwest2023, the Bank’s aggregate recorded loan balances for construction, land development and land loans were 61.6%38.3% of regulatory capital. In addition, at December 31, 2020, First Financial Northwest2023, the Bank’s loans on commercial real estate, as defined by the FDIC, were 390.1%316.8% of regulatory capital.
Activities and Investments of Insured State-Chartered Financial Institutions. Federal law generally limits the activities and equity investments of FDIC-insured, state-chartered banks to those that are permissible for national banks. An
insured state bank is not prohibited from, among other things, (1) acquiring or retaining a majority interest in a subsidiary, (2) investing as a limited partner in a partnership the sole purpose of which is direct or indirect investment in the acquisition, rehabilitation or new construction of a qualified housing project, provided that such limited partnership investments may not exceed 2% of the bank’s total assets, (3) acquiring up to 10% of the voting stock of a company that solely provides or reinsures directors’, trustees’ and officers’ liability insurance coverage or bankers’ blanket bond group insurance coverage for insured depository institutions and (4) acquiring or retaining the voting shares of a depository institution owned by another FDIC-insured institution if certain requirements are met.
Under the law of Washington State, has enacted a law regarding financial institution parity. Primarily, the law affords Washington state‑chartered commercial banks the same powers as Washington state-chartered savings banks and provides that Washington chartered commercialsavings banks may exercise any of the powers that the Federal Reserve has determined to be closely related to the business of bankingWashington-chartered commercial banks, national banks and the powers of nationalfederally-chartered savings banks, subject to the approval of the Director of the DFI in certain situations. Finally, the law provides additional flexibility forIn addition, Washington state-chartered commercial and savings banks with respect to interest rates on loans and other extensions of credit. Specifically, they may charge the maximum interest rate allowable for loans and other extensions of credit by federally-chartered financial institutions to Washington residents.
Environmental Issues Associated With Real Estate Lending. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”) is a federal statute that generally imposes strict liability on all prior and present “owners and operators” of sites containing hazardous waste. However, Congress acted to protect secured creditors by providing that the term “owner and operator” excludes a person whose ownership is limited to protecting its security interest in the site. Since the enactment of the CERCLA, this “secured creditor exemption” has been the subject of judicial interpretations that have left open the possibility that lenders could be liable for cleanup costs on contaminated property that they hold as collateral for a loan. To the extent that legal uncertainty exists in this area, all creditors, including First Financial Northwestthe Bank, that have made loans secured by properties with potential hazardous waste contamination (such as petroleum contamination) could be subject to liability for cleanup costs that often are substantial and can exceed the value of the collateral property.
Federal Reserve System. The Federal Reserve Act authorizesrequires all depository institutions to maintain reserves at specified levels against their transaction accounts, primarily checking accounts. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Reserve Board to establish cash reserve requirements on depository institutions based on transaction accounts and non-personal time deposits. These reserves may be in the form of cash or deposits with the regional Federal Reserve Bank. Interest-bearing demand accounts and other types of accounts that permit payments or transfers to third parties fall within the definition of transaction accounts and are subject to reserve requirements, as are any non-personal time deposits at a savings bank. On March 15, 2020, the Federal Reserve Board reduced reserve requirement ratios to zero percent effective on March 26, 2020, thereby eliminatingto support lending to households and businesses. At December 31, 2023, the Bank was in compliance with the reserve requirements for all depository institutions.in place at that time.
Affiliate Transactions. First Financial Northwest and First Financial Northwestthe Bank are separate and distinct legal entities. First Financial Northwest (and any non-bank subsidiary of First Financial Northwest) is an affiliate of First Financial Northwestthe Bank. Federal laws strictly limit the ability of banks to engage in certain transactions with their affiliates. Transactions deemed to be a “covered transaction” under Section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act and between a bank and an affiliate are limited to 10% of the bank’s capital andplus surplus and, with respect to all affiliates, to an aggregate of 20% of the bank’s capital andplus surplus. Further, covered transactions that are loans and extensions of credit generally are required to be secured by eligible collateral in specified amounts. Federal law also requires that covered transactions and certain other transactions listed in Section 23B of the Federal Reserve Act between a bank and its affiliates be on terms as favorable to the bank as transactions with nonaffiliates. For additional information, see “– Regulation and Supervision of First Financial Northwest – Limitations on Transactions with Affiliates” below.
In addition, Sections 22(g) and (h) of the Federal Reserve Act place restrictions on loans to executive officers, directors and principal shareholders. Under Section 22(h), loans to a director, executive officer or greater than 10% shareholder of a bank and certain affiliated interests, generally may not exceed, together with all other outstanding loans to such person and affiliated interests, 15% of the institution’s unimpaired capital andplus surplus. Section 22(h) also requires that loans to directors, executive officers and principal shareholders be made on terms substantially the same as offered in comparable transactions to other persons unless the loans are made pursuant to a benefit or compensation program that (1) is widely available to employees of the institution and (2) does not give preference to any director, executive officer or principal shareholder, or certain affiliated interests, over other employees of the bank. Section 22(h) also requires prior boardBoard approval for certain loans. In addition, the aggregate amount of extensions of credit by a bank to all insiders cannot exceed the bank’s unimpaired capital andplus surplus. Furthermore, Section 22(g) places additional restrictions on loans to executive officers. At December 31, 2020, First Financial Northwest2023, the Bank was in compliance with these restrictions.
Community Reinvestment Act. First Financial NorthwestThe Bank is subject to the provisions of the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 (“CRA”), which require the appropriate federal bank regulatory agency to assess a bank’s performance under the CRA in meeting the credit needs of the community serviced by the bank, including low and moderate income neighborhoods. The regulatory agency’s assessment of the bank’s record is made available to the public. Further, a bank’s CRA performance must be considered in connection with a bank’s application, to among other things, establish a new branch office that will accept deposits, relocate an existing office or merge or consolidate with, or acquire the assets or assume the liabilities of, a federally regulated financial institution. An unsatisfactory rating may be the basis for denial of certain applications. First Financial NorthwestThe Bank received a “satisfactory”an “outstanding” rating during its most recent CRA examination.
Dividends. The amount of dividends payable by First Financial Northwestthe Bank to First Financial Northwest depends upon First Financial Northwestthe Bank’s earnings and capital position, and is limited by federal and state laws, regulations and policies. According to Washington law, First Financial Northwestthe Bank may not declare or pay a cash dividend on its capital stock if it would cause its net worth to be reduced below (1) the amount required for liquidation accounts or (2) the net worth requirements, if any, imposed by the Director of the DFI. In addition, dividends may not be declared or paid if First Financial Northwestthe Bank is in default in payment of any assessments due to the FDIC. Dividends on First Financial Northwestthe Bank’s capital stock may not be paid in an aggregate amount greater than the aggregate retained earnings of First Financial Northwestthe Bank, without the approval of the Director of the DFI. Dividends payable by the Bank can be limited or prohibited if the Bank does not meet the capital conservation buffer requirement.
The amount of dividends actually paid during any one period is affected by First Financial Northwestthe Bank’s policy of maintaining a strong capital position. Federal law further restricts dividends payable by an institution that does not meet the capital conservation buffer requirement and provides that no insured depository institution may pay a cash dividend if it would cause the institution to be “undercapitalized,” as defined in the prompt corrective action regulations. Moreover, the federal bank regulatory agencies also have the general authority to limit the dividends paid by insured banks if such payments are deemed to constitute an unsafe and unsound practice.
Privacy Standards.Standards and Cybersecurity. First Financial Northwest Bank is subject to FDIC regulations implementing the privacy protection provisions of theThe Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999.1999 modernized the financial services industry by establishing a comprehensive framework to permit affiliations among commercial banks, insurance companies, securities firms and other financial service providers. Federal banking agencies, including the FDIC, have adopted guidelines for establishing information security standards and cybersecurity programs for implementing safeguards under the supervision of the Board of Directors.These guidelines, along with related regulatory materials, increasingly focus on risk management and processes related to information technology and the use of third parties in the provision of financial services. These regulations require First Financial Northwestthe Bank to disclose its privacy policy, including informing consumers of its information sharing practices and informing consumers of their rights to opt out of certain practices.In addition, other federal and state cybersecurity and data privacy laws and regulations may expose the Bank to risk and result in certain risk management costs. In addition, on November 18, 2021, the federal banking agencies announced the adoption of a final rule providing for new notification requirements for banking organizations and their service providers for significant cybersecurity incidents.Specifically, the new rule requires a banking organization to notify its primary federal regulator as soon as possible, and no later than 36 hours after, the banking organization determines that a “computer-security incident” rising to the level of a “notification incident” has occurred.Notification is required for incidents that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the viability of a banking organization’s operations, its ability to deliver banking products and services, or the stability of the financial sector.Service providers are required under the rule to notify affected banking organization customers as soon as possible when the provider determines that it has experienced a computer-security incident that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect the banking organization’s customers for four or more hours.Non-compliance with federal or similar state privacy and cybersecurity laws and regulations could lead to substantial regulatory imposed fines and penalties, damages from private causes of action and/or reputational harm.
In July 2023, the SEC adopted rules requiring registrants to disclose material cybersecurity incidents they experience and to disclose on an annual basis material information regarding their cybersecurity risk management, strategy, and governance. The new rules require registrants to disclose on Form 8-K any cybersecurity incident they determine to be material and to describe the material aspects of the incident’s nature, scope, and timing, as well as its material impact or reasonably likely material impact on the registrant. For information regarding the Company’s cybersecurity risk management, strategy and governance, see “Item 1C. Cybersecurity” contained in Part I of this Form 10-K.
Anti-Money Laundering and Customer Identification. The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA Patriot Act) was signed into law on October 26, 2001. The USA PATRIOT Act and the Bank Secrecy Act requires financial institutions to develop programs to prevent financial institutions from being used for money laundering and terrorist activities. If such activities are detected, financial institutions are obligated to file suspicious activity reports with the U.S. Treasury’s Office of Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. These rules require financial institutions to establish procedures for identifying and verifying the identity of customers seeking to open new financial accounts, and, effective in 2018, the beneficial owners of accounts. Bank regulators are directed to consider a holding company’s effectiveness in combating money laundering when ruling on Bank Holding Company Act and Bank Merger Act applications.
Other Consumer Protection Laws and Regulations. The Dodd-Frank Act established the CFPBConsumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) and empowered it to exercise broad regulatory, supervisory and enforcement authority with respect to both new and existing consumer financial protection laws. First Financial NorthwestThe Bank is subject to consumer protection regulations
issued by the CFPB, but as a financial institution with assets of less than $10 billion, First Financial NorthwestThe Bank is generally subject to supervision and enforcement by the FDIC with respect to its compliance with federal consumer financial protection laws and CFPB regulations.
First Financial NorthwestThe Bank is subject to a broad array of federal and state consumer protection laws and regulations that govern almost every aspect of its business relationships with consumers. While not exhaustive, these laws and regulations include the Truth-in-Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, the Expedited Funds Availability Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, the Right to Financial Privacy Act, the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act, the Consumer Leasing Act, the Fair Credit Billing Act, the Homeowners Protection Act, the Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act, laws governing flood insurance, laws governing consumer protections in connection with the sale of insurance, federal and state laws prohibiting unfair and deceptive business practices and various regulations that implement some or all of the foregoing. These laws and regulations mandate certain disclosure requirements and regulate the manner in which financial institutions must deal with customers when taking deposits, making loans, collecting loans and providing other services. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations can subject First Financial Northwestthe Bank to various penalties, including but not limited to, enforcement actions, injunctions, fines, civil liability, criminal penalties, punitive damages and the loss of certain contractual rights.
Regulation and Supervision of First Financial Northwest
General. First Financial Northwest, as sole shareholder of First Financial Northwestthe Bank, is a bank holding company registered with the Federal Reserve. Bank holding companies are subject to comprehensive regulation by the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (“BHCA”), and the regulations of the FRB. Accordingly, First Financial Northwest is required to file semi-annual reports with the Federal Reserve and provide additional information as the Federal Reserve may require. The Federal Reserve may examine First Financial Northwest, and any of its subsidiaries, and charge First Financial Northwest for the cost of the examination. The Federal Reserve also has extensive enforcement authority over bank holding companies, including, among other things, the ability to assess civil money penalties, to issue cease and desist or removal orders and to require that a holding company divest subsidiaries (including its bank subsidiaries). In general, enforcement actions may be initiated for violations of law and regulations and unsafe or unsound practices. First Financial Northwest is also required to file certain reports with, and otherwise comply with the rules and regulations of the SEC.
The Bank Holding Company Act. Under the BHCA, First Financial Northwest is supervised by the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve has a policy that a bank holding company is required to serve as a source of financial and managerial strength to its subsidiary bank and may not conduct its operations in an unsafe or unsound manner. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act and earlier Federal Reserve policy provide that a bank holding company should serve as a source of strength to its subsidiary bank by having the ability to provide financial assistance to its subsidiary bank during periods of financial distress to the bank. A bank holding company’s failure to meet its obligation to serve as a source of strength to its subsidiary bank will generally be considered by the Federal Reserve to be an unsafe and unsound banking practice or a violation of the Federal Reserve’s regulations or both. No regulations have yet been proposed by the Federal Reserve to implement the source of strength provisions required by the Dodd-Frank Act. First Financial Northwest and any subsidiaries that it may control are considered “affiliates” within the meaning of the Federal Reserve Act, and transactions between First Financial Northwestthe Bank and affiliates are subject to numerous restrictions. With some exceptions, First Financial Northwest and its subsidiaries are prohibited from tying the provision of various services, such as extensions of credit, to other services offered by First Financial Northwest or by its affiliates.
Acquisitions. The BHCA prohibits a bank holding company, with certain exceptions, from acquiring ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares of any company that is not a bank or bank holding company and from engaging in activities other than those of banking, managing or controlling banks, or providing services for its subsidiaries. Under the BHCA, the Federal Reserve may approve the ownership of shares by a bank holding company in any company, the activities of which the Federal Reserve has determined to be so closely related to the business of banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. These activities include: operating a savings institution, mortgage company, finance company, credit card company or factoring company; performing certain data processing operations; providing certain investment and financial advice; underwriting and acting as an insurance agent for certain types of credit-related insurance; leasing property on a full-payout, non-operating basis; selling money orders, travelers’ checks and U.S. Savings Bonds; real estate and personal property appraising; providing tax planning and preparation services; and, subject to certain limitations, providing securities brokerage services for customers. The Federal Reserve must approve the acquisition (or acquisition of control) of a bank or other FDIC-insured depository institution by a bank holding company, and the appropriate federal banking regulator must approve a bank’s acquisition (or acquisition of control) of another bank or other FDIC-insured institution.
Acquisition of Control of a Bank Holding Company. Under federal law, a notice or application must be submitted to the appropriate federal banking regulator if any person (including a company), or group acting in concert, seeks to acquire “control” of a bank holding company. An acquisition of control can occur upon the acquisition of 10% or more of the voting
stock of a bank holding company or as otherwise defined by federal regulations. In considering such a notice or application, the Federal Reserve takes into consideration certain factors, including the financial and managerial resources of the acquirer and the anti-trust effects of the acquisition. Any company that acquires control becomes subject to regulation as a bank holding company. Depending on circumstances, a notice or application may be required to be filed with appropriate state banking regulators and may be subject to their approval or non-objection.
Regulatory Capital Requirements. As discussed above, pursuant to the “Small Bank Holding Company” exception, effective August 30, 2018, bank holding companies with less than $3 billion in consolidated assets were generally no longer subject to the Federal Reserve’s capital regulations, which are generally the same as the capital regulations applicable to First Financial Northwest Bank. At the time of this change, First Financial Northwest was considered “well capitalized” (as defined for a bank holding company), with a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or more and a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or more, and was not subject to an individualized order, directive or agreement under which the Federal Reserve requires it to maintain a specific capital level.
Restrictions on Dividends. The Federal Reserve has issued a policy statement on the payment of cash dividends by bank holding companies which expresses its view that a bank holding company must maintain an adequate capital position and generally should not pay cash dividends unless the company’s net income for the past year is sufficient to fully fund the cash dividends and that the prospective rate of earnings appears consistent with the company’s capital needs, asset quality, and overall financial condition. The Federal Reserve policy statement also indicates that it would be inappropriate for a company experiencing serious financial problems to borrow funds to pay dividends. Under Washington corporate law, First Financial Northwest generally may not pay dividends if after that payment it would not be able to pay its liabilities as they become due in the usual course of business, or its total assets would be less than its total liabilities.The capital conservation buffer requirement discussed above can also limit dividends. For additional information, see Item 1.A. “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Regulatory and Compliance Matters-Non-compliance with the USA PATRIOT Act, Bank Secrecy Act, or other laws and regulations could result in fines or sanctions” in this report.
Stock Repurchases. A bank holding company, except for certain “well-capitalized” and highly rated bank holding companies, is required to give the Federal Reserve prior written notice of any purchase or redemption of its outstanding equity securities if the gross consideration for the purchase or redemption, when combined with the net consideration paid for all such purchases or redemptions during the preceding twelve months, is equal to 10% or more of its consolidated net worth. The Federal Reserve may disapprove such a purchase or redemption if it determines that the proposal would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice or would violate any law, regulation, Federal Reserve order or any condition imposed by, or written agreement with, the Federal Reserve. During the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, First Financial Northwest repurchased 544,626 sharesdid not repurchase any of its outstanding common stock.
Federal Securities Laws. First Financial Northwest’s common stock is registered with the SEC under Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). We are subject to information, proxy solicitation, insider trading restrictions and other requirements under the Exchange Act.
Recent Regulatory Reform. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States Congress, through the enactment of the CARES Act and the CAA, 2021, and the federal banking agencies, though rulemaking, interpretive guidance and modifications to agency policies and procedures, have taken a series of actions to provide national emergency economic relief measures including, among others, the following:
•The CARES Act, as amended by the CAA, 2021, allows banks to elect to suspend requirements under GAAP for loan modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic (for loans that were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019) that would otherwise be categorized as a TDR, including impairment for accounting purposes, until the earlier of 60 days after the termination date of the national emergency or, January 1, 2022. The suspension of GAAP is applicable for the entire term of the modification. The federal banking agencies also issued guidance to encourage banks to make loan modifications for borrowers affected by COVID-19 by providing that short-term modifications made in response to COVID-19, such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant related to the loans in which the borrower is less than 30 days past due on its contractual payments at the time a modification is implemented is not a TDR. The Bank is applying this guidance to qualifying COVID-19 modifications. See Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – COVID-19 Related Information” for further information about the COVID-19 modifications completed by the Bank.
•The CARES Act amended the SBA’s loan program, in which the Bank participates, to create a guaranteed, unsecured loan program, the PPP, to fund payroll and operational costs of eligible businesses, organizations and self-employed persons during COVID-19. The loans are provided through participating financial institutions, such as the Bank, that process loan applications and service the loans and are eligible for SBA repayment and loan forgiveness if the
borrower meets the PPP conditions. The application period for a PPP loan closed on August 8, 2020. The SBA began approving PPP forgiveness applications and remitting forgiveness payments to PPP lenders on October 2, 2020. The CAA, 2021 which was signed into law on December 27, 2020, renews and extends the PPP until March 31, 2021. As a result, as a participating lender, the Bank began originating PPP loans again in January 2021 and will continue to monitor legislative, regulatory, and supervisory developments related to the PPP.
•Pursuant to the CARES Act, the federal banking agencies authorities adopted in April 2020 an interim rule, effective until the earlier of the termination of the coronavirus emergency declaration by the president and December 31, 2020, to (i) reduce the minimum CBLR from 9% to 8%, and (ii) give community banks a two-quarter grace period to satisfy such ratio if such ratio falls out of compliance by no more than 1%. Effective October 1, 2020, the final rule adopted by the federal banking agencies authorities lowers the CBLR as set forth in the interim rule and provides a gradual transition back to the prior level. Under the final rule, the CBLR was 8% for 2020, and will be 8.5% for 2021, and 9% beginning January 1, 2022. The final rule also retains the grace period. A community banking organization that falls below the CBLR will still be deemed to be well capitalized during a two-quarter grace period so long as the banking organization maintains a CBLR greater than 7.5% during 2021, and greater than 8% thereafter .
As the on-going COVID-19 pandemic evolves, federal regulatory authorities continue to issue additional guidance with respect to the implementation, lifecycle, and eligibility requirements for the various CARES Act programs as well as industry-specific recovery procedures for COVID-19. In addition, it is possible that the United States Congress will enact supplementary COVID-19 response legislation. The Company continues to assess the impact of the CARES Act and other statues, regulations and supervisory guidance related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Taxation
Federal Taxation
General. First Financial Northwest and First Financial Northwest Bank areThe Company is subject to federal income taxation in the same general manner as other corporations, with some exceptions discussed below. The following discussion of federal taxation is intended only to summarize certain pertinent federal income tax matters and is not a comprehensive description of the tax rules applicable to First Financial Northwest or First Financial Northwest Bank.the Company. The tax years still open for review by the Internal Revenue Service are 2017are 2020 through 2020.2023.
First Financial Northwest files a consolidated federal income tax return with First Financial Northwestthe Bank. Accordingly, any cash distributions made by First Financial Northwest to its shareholders are considered to be taxable dividends and not as a non-taxable return of capital to shareholders for federal and state tax purposes.
Method of Accounting. For federal income tax purposes, First Financial Northwestthe Company currently reports its income and expenses on the accrual method of accounting and uses a fiscal year ending on December 31 for filing its federal income tax return.
Net Operating Loss Carryovers. A financial institution may carryforward net operating losses indefinitely. The Company had no net operating loss carryforwards at December 31, 2020.2023.
Corporate Dividends-Received Deduction. First Financial Northwest may eliminate from its income dividends received from First Financial Northwestthe Bank as a wholly-owned subsidiary of First Financial Northwest that files a consolidated return with First Financial Northwestthe Bank. The corporate dividends-received deduction is 100%, or 80%, in the case of dividends received from corporations with which a corporate recipient does not file a consolidated tax return, depending on the level of stock ownership of the payer of the dividend. Corporations that own less than 20% of the stock of a corporation distributing a dividend may deduct 70% of dividends received or accrued on their behalf.
For additional information regarding our federal income taxes, see Note 1213 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this report.
State Taxation
First Financial Northwest and its subsidiaries areThe Company is subject to a business and occupation tax imposed under Washington state law at the rate of 1.75% of gross receipts.receipts for the Bank, as gross receipts are greater than $1.0 million, and 1.50% for its other subsidiaries with gross receipts less than $1.0 million. In addition, various municipalities also assess business and occupation taxes at differing rates. Interest received on loans secured by first lien mortgages or deeds of trust on residential properties, rental
income from properties, and certain investment securities are exempt from this tax. An audit by the Washington State Department of Revenue was completed for the years 2010 through 2013, resulting in no material tax revisions.
The Bank has purchased and originated loans in California. The Company no longer had employees or real estate located in California in 2018, so therefore, filed its final California state tax return for 2018.
Information about our Executive Officers of First Financial Northwest, Inc.
The business experience for at least the past five years for the executive officers of First Financial Northwest and its primary subsidiary First Financial Northwest Bankthe Company is set forth below.
Joseph W. Kiley III, age 65,68, has served asheld the positions of President and Chief Executive Officer ofat First Financial Northwest and First Financial Diversified Corporation since September 2013;2013. Additionally, he has served as director of both First Financial Northwest and First Financial Diversified Corporation since December 2012; and as2012. Since September 2012, Mr. Kiley has been the President, Chief Executive Officer and director of First Financial Northwest Bank since September 2012. He previously servedthe Bank. His prior experience includes serving as President, Chief Executive Officer, and a director of Frontier Bank, F.S.B., Palm Desert, California, and its holding company, Western Community Bancshares, Inc. Mr. Kiley has over 30 years of executive experience at banks, thrifts and their holding companies that includes, but is not limited to, serving as president, chief executive officer, chief financial officer, and director. Mr. Kiley holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration (Accounting) from California State University, Chico, and is a former California certified public accountant. Mr. Kiley is a member of the Renton Rotary Club, City of Renton Mayor’s Business Executive Forum, City of Renton Mayor’s Blue Ribbon Panel, and past Chair of the Board of Directors of the Renton Chamber of Commerce. He is thea director and past Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Washington Bankers Association (WBA). In addition, Mr. Kiley currently servesand a member of the Community Bankers Council of the American Bankers Association. He previously served on the Board of Directors of the California Bankers Association (former Western Bankers AssociationAssociation) and its Executive Committee.
Richard P. Jacobson, age 57,60, has served as Chief Operating Officer of First Financial Northwestthe Bank since July 2013, and as Chief Financial Officer of First Financial Northwest, First Financial Diversified Corporation and the Bank since August 2013. HeIn September 2013, he was appointed as a director for each of First Financial, First Financial Diversified and the Bank effective September 2013.these entities. Mr. Jacobson served as a consultant to First Financial Northwest from April 2010 to April 2012. Subsequently, he worked as a mortgage loan originator in Palm Desert, California from July 2012 to July 2013. Previously, he had been employed by Horizon Financial Corp. and Horizon Bank, Bellingham, Washington, for 23 years, and had served as President, Chief Executive Officer and a director of Horizon Financial Corp. and Horizon Bank from January 2008 to January 2010. Mr. Jacobson also served as Chief Financial Officer of Horizon Financial Corp. and Horizon Bank from March 2000 until October 2008. Between 1985 and 2008, Mr. Jacobson served in several other positions at Horizon Financial Corp. and Horizon Bank and spent two years as a Washington state licensed real estate appraiser from 1992 to 1994. Mr. Jacobson received his Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration (Finance) from the University of Washington. In addition, Mr. Jacobson graduated with honors from the American Bankers Association’s National School of Banking. Mr. Jacobson is a past president of the Whatcom County North Rotary Club and has served on the boardsBoards of his church, the United Way, Boys and Girls Club, and Junior Achievement.
Simon Soh, age 5659, was appointedassumed the role of Senior Vice President and Chief Credit Officer of First Financial Northwestthe Bank in December 2019, a position2019. Prior to his official appointment, he heldhad been serving in this capacity on an interim basis since November 2019, and betweenas well as during the period from August 2017 andto December 2018. Preceding this role, Mr. Soh served as held the position of
Senior Vice President and Chief Lending Officer at the Bank from October 2012 to December 2019. From August 2010 until October 2012, Mr. Soh served asHis earlier roles included Vice President and Loan Production Manager of First Financial Northwest Bank. Priorfrom August 2010 to that, heOctober 2012. Before joining the Bank, Mr. Soh was First Vice President and Commercial Lending Manager at East West Bank. In 1998, Mr. Soh was a founding member of Pacifica Bank in Bellevue, Washington that merged with United Commercial Bank in 2005, later becoming East West Bank in 2009. Mr. Soh has over 3035 years of experience in commercial banking.
Ronnie J. Clariza, age 4043, was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Risk Officer of First Financial Northwestthe Bank in November 2013. Mr. Clariza previouslyBefore this, he served as Vice President and Risk Management Officer of the Bank since May 2008, and prior to that, as2008. His tenure with the Bank began in 2003, initially holding the position of Assistant Vice President and Compliance Officer, as well as servingOfficer. Over the years, he has served in various other compliance and internal audit roles since he began with the Bank in 2003.Bank. Mr. Clariza is a graduate of the University of Washington where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Business Administration, Finance, and is a certified regulatory Compliance Officer. Mr. Clariza is an active member of the Washington Bankers’ Association Education Committee. He is also a past member of the Washington Bankers’ Association Enterprise Risk Management Committee, and Government Relations Committees for the California Bankers and Washington Bankers Associations, respectively. He has also participated in numerous working groups for the American Bankers Association and previously served as a Volunteer Compliance Manager for the Seattle Children’s Hospital Guild Association.
Dalen D. Harrison, age 61, was promoted to appointed64, has served as Chief Banking Officer of First Financial Northwestthe Bank since December 2019, and was promoted to Executive Vice President in November 2023. She previously served as Chief Deposit Officer of the Bank from March 2014 to December 2019. She2019, and was appointed Senior Vice President in July 2014 and previously served as Chief Deposit Officer of First Financial Northwest2014. Before her tenure at the Bank, from March 2014 to December 2019. Ms. Harrison served as Senior Vice President and Director of
Retail Banking at Peoples Bank in Bellingham, Washington from 2010 until 2014. Prior to that, she served2014 and as Vice President of Rainier Pacific Bank, Tacoma, Washington, from 1994 until 2010. Ms. Harrison received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Business Administration from Saint Mary’s College in Moraga, California. Ms. Harrison has served on the boards of Rainier Pacific Foundation, First Place for Children, Gig Harbor Rotary Foundation, Renton Downtown Partnership, and Renton Area Youth and Family Services.
Christine A. Huestis, age 55, is First Vice President, Controller and Principal Accounting Officer of First Financial Northwest and First Financial Northwest Bank. Prior to joining First Financial Northwest in October 2013, she was employed by Realty in Motion, LLC, a holding company for several mortgage default service companies in Bellevue, Washington. From 1999 until joining First Financial Northwest, Ms. Huestis held key accounting positions at affiliated companies within Realty in Motion, with her most recent position being that of Controller. Ms. Huestis received a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting from Central Washington University. She is a certified public accountant and is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
An investment in our common stock is subject to risks inherent in our business. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all of the other information included in this report and our other filingsdocuments filed with and furnished to the SEC. In addition to the risks and uncertainties described below, other risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, capital levels, cash flows, liquidity, results of operations and prospects. The risks discussed below also include forward-looking statements, and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. The market price of our common stock could decline significantly due to any of these identified or other risks and you could lose some or all of your investment. This report is qualified in its entirety by these risk factors.
Risks Related to Macroeconomic Conditions
The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted our ability to conduct business which has adversely impacted our financial results and those of our customers. The ultimate impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic and actions taken by governmental authorities in response to the pandemic.
The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has caused major economic disruption and volatility in the financial markets both in the United States and globally and has negatively affected our operations and the banking and financial services we provide, primarily to businesses and individuals in the states of Washington where all of our branches are located. In our market areas, stay-at-home orders, social distancing and travel restrictions, and similar orders imposed across the United States to restrict the spread of COVID-19, resulted in significant business and operational disruptions, including business closures, supply chain disruptions, and significant layoffs and furloughs. While the stay-at-home orders have terminated or been phased-out along with reopening of businesses in certain markets, most localities in which we operate still apply capacity restrictions and health and safety recommendations that encourage continued social distancing and working remotely, limiting the ability of businesses to return to pre-pandemic levels of activity. As an essential business, we continue to provide banking and financial services to our customers at all of our branch locations. In addition, we continue to provide access to banking and financial services through online banking, ATMs and by telephone. To further the well-being of staff and customers, we have implemented measures to allow employees to work from home to the extent practicable. Despite these efforts, if the COVID-19 pandemic worsens it could limit or disrupt our ability to provide banking and financial services to our customers.
Currently some of our employees are working remotely to enable us to continue to provide banking services to our customers. Heightened cybersecurity, information security and operational risks may, however, result from these work-from-home arrangements. We also could be adversely affected if key personnel or a significant number of employees were to become unavailable due to the effects and restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, we also rely upon our third-party vendors to conduct business and to process, record and monitor transactions. If any of these vendors are unable to continue to provide us with these services, it could negatively impact our ability to serve our customers. We have business continuity plans and other safeguards in place, however, there is no assurance that such plans and safeguards will be effective.
To date, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in declines in loan demand and loan originations, other than through government sponsored programs such as the PPP, and has impacted both deposit availability and market interest rates and negatively impacted many of our business and consumer borrowers’ ability to make their loan payments. Because the length of the pandemic and the efficacy of the extraordinary measures being put in place to address the economic consequences are
unknown, including a continued low targeted federal funds rate, until the pandemic subsides, we expect our net interest income and net interest margin will continue to be adversely affected.
The impact of the pandemic is expected to continue to adversely affect us during 2021 as the ability of many of our borrowers to make loan payments has been significantly affected. Many of our borrowers have become unemployed or may face unemployment, and certain businesses are at risk of insolvency as revenue declined precipitously, especially in businesses related to travel, hospitality, leisure, and physical personal services. Businesses may ultimately not reopen as there is a significant level of uncertainty regarding the level of economic activity that will return to our markets over time, the impact of governmental assistance, the speed of economic recovery, the resurgence of COVID-19 in subsequent seasons and changes to demographic and social norms that will take place.
Consistent with guidance provided by banking regulators, we have modified loans by providing various loan payment deferral options to our borrowers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Notwithstanding these modifications, these borrowers may not be able to resume making full payments on their loans once the COVID-19 pandemic is resolved. If COVID-19 continues to spread or the responses to contain it are unsuccessful, it may result in increased loan delinquencies, adversely classified loans and loan charge-offs. As a result, our ALLL may prove to be insufficient to absorb losses in our loan portfolio, which would cause our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition to be adversely affected.
In accordance with GAAP, we record assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their fair value with the excess of the purchase consideration over the net assets acquired resulting in the recognition of goodwill. If adverse economic conditions or the related decrease in our stock price and market capitalization as a result of the pandemic were to be deemed sustained rather than temporary, it may significantly affect the fair value of our goodwill and may trigger impairment charges. Any impairment charge could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations and financial condition, as well as our regulatory capital and liquidity ratios, will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic and actions taken by governmental authorities in response to the pandemic, including recent vaccination efforts. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic subsides, the U.S. economy may experience a recession, and we anticipate our business would be materially and adversely affected by a prolonged recession. To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business, financial condition, liquidity or results of operations, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risk factors described in this section.
Our business may be adversely affected by downturns in the national economy and in the economies in our market areas.
Our loans are primarily to businesses and individuals in the state of Washington with 87.4%87.2% of loans to borrowers or secured by properties located in Washington and 12.6%12.8% of loans to borrowers or secured by properties in other states. Through our efforts to geographically diversify our loan portfolio, at December 31, 2023, our portfolio includes $140.7included $152.8 million, or 12.8% of loans to borrowers or secured by properties located in 4346 other states and Washington, D.C., including at December 31, 2020, $34.8$35.1 million, or 3.1%2.9% of loans, secured by properties or to borrowers in California. A decline in the national economy or the economies of the four counties which we consider to be our primary market area could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. Weakness in the global economy hasand global supply chain issues have adversely affected many businesses operating in our markets that are dependent upon international trade and it is not known how tariffs being imposed on international trade may also affect these businesses.trade. Changes in agreements or relationships between the United States and other countries may also affect these businesses.
A deterioration in economic conditions in the market areas we serve couldas a result in the following consequences, any of whichinflation, a recession, or other factors, could have a materiallymaterial adverse impacteffect on our business, financial condition and results of operations:operations including, but not limited to:
•loan delinquencies, problem assets and foreclosures may increase;
•we may increase our allowance for loan losses;
•Reduced demand for our products and services, maypotentially leading to a decline resulting in a decrease in our totaloverall loans or assets;assets.
•Elevated instances of loan delinquencies, problematic assets, and foreclosures.
•collateralAn increase in our allowance for loans, especially real estate, may decline in value, exposing us to increased risk of losscredit looses on existing loans, reducing customers’ borrowing power, and reducing the value of assets and collateral associated with existing loans;loans.
•theDepreciation in collateral values linked to our loans, thereby diminishing borrowing capacities and asset values tied to existing loans.
•Reduced net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors, may decline,possibly impairing their ability to honormeet commitments to us; andus.
•the amount ofReducing in our low-cost or noninterest-bearing deposits may decrease and the composition of our deposits may be adversely affected.deposits.
A decline in local economic conditions may have a greater effect on our earnings and capital than on the earnings and capital of larger financial institutions whose real estate loan portfolios are geographically diverse. Many of the loans in our portfolio are secured by real estate. Deterioration in the real estate markets where collateral for a mortgage loan is located could negatively affect the borrower’s ability to repay the loan and the value of the collateral securing the loan. Real estate values are affected by various other factors, including changes in general or regional economic conditions, governmental rules or policies and natural disasters such as earthquakes and tornadoes. If we are required to liquidate a significant amount of collateral during a period of reduced real estate values, our financial condition and profitability could be adversely affected.
In this regard, The Boeing Company has a significant presence in our market area and the production facility for the 737 MAX commercial jet aircraft is located in Renton. The 2019 grounding and decline in production of the 737 MAX commercial jet aircraft (production of which was suspended entirely in January 2020), has adversely affected Boeing, its employees and its suppliers, as well as other local businesses and their employees. Although production and new orders have resumed, until volumes return to pre-grounding levels, there may be an adverse impact on the ability of those borrowers impacted by the suspension of the production of the 737 MAX commercial jet to repay their existing loans to the Bank and demand for new loans may be reduced which could adversely affect the level of our nonperforming loans, deposits, financial condition and profitability.
Adverse changes in the regional and general economy could reduce our growth rate, impair our ability to collect loans and generally have a negative effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
External economic factors, such as changes in monetary policy and inflation, may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our financial condition and results of operations are affected by credit policies of monetary authorities, particularly the Federal Reserve Board. Actions by monetary and fiscal authorities, including the Federal Reserve Board, could lead to inflation, deflation, or other economic phenomena that could adversely affect our financial performance. Inflation has risen sharply since the end of 2021 and throughout 2022 at levels not seen for over 40 years. Inflationary pressures, while easing recently, remained elevated throughout the first half of 2023. Small to medium-sized businesses may be impacted more during periods of high inflation as they are not able to leverage economics of scale to mitigate cost pressures compared to larger businesses. Consequently, the ability of our business customers to repay their loans may deteriorate quickly, which would adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, a prolonged period of inflation could cause wages and other costs to the Company to increase, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Virtually all of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates tend to have a more significant impact on our performance than general levels of inflation or deflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or by the same magnitude as the prices of goods and services.
Risks Related to Our Lending
Our construction/land loans are based upon estimates of costs and the value of the completed project.
We make construction/land loans to contractors and builders primarily to finance the construction of single and multifamily homes, subdivisions, as well as commercial properties. We originate these loans regardless of whether or not the collateral property underlying the loanused as collateral is under contract for sale.a sales contract. At December 31, 2020,2023, construction/land loans totaled $92.2$60.9 million, or 8.3%5.1% of our total loan portfolio, a decrease of $21.5 million or 18.9% since December 31, 2019.portfolio. At December 31, 2020, $33.42023, $47.1 million were one-to-four family construction loans $51.2and $4.0 million were multifamily construction loans, and $5.8 million wereloans. We had no commercial construction loans.loans at December 31, 2023. Land loans, which are loans made with land as security, totaled $1.8$9.8 million, or less than one percent0.8% of our total loan portfolio at December 31, 2020.2023. Land loans include land non-development loans for the purchase or refinance of unimproved land held for future residential development, improved residential lots held for speculative investment purposes, and lines of credit secured by land, and land development loans.
Construction/landConstruction lending involves additionalinherent risks when compared with permanent residential lending because funds are advanced upon the collateral for thedue to estimating costs in relation to project based on an estimate of costs that will produce a future value at completion. The uncertainties inherentvalues. Uncertainties in estimating construction costs, as well as the market value, of the completedand regulatory impacts make accurately evaluating total project funds and the effects of governmental regulation on real property, make it difficult to evaluate accurately the total funds required to complete a projectloan-to-value ratios challenging. Factors like shifts in housing demand and the completed project loan-to-value ratio. Changes in the demand, such as for new housing and higher than anticipatedunexpected building costs may causecan significantly deviate actual results to vary significantly from those estimated. For these reasons,estimates. Additionally, this type of lending also typicallyoften involves higher loan principal amounts and is oftenmight be concentrated withamong a small number offew builders. A downturn in housing or the real estate market,markets could increase loanescalate delinquencies, defaults, and foreclosures, and significantly impaircompromise collateral value.
Some builders have multiple outstanding loans with us, meaning problems with one loan pose a substantial risk to us. Moreover, certain construction loans do not require borrower payments during the value of our collateralterm, accumulating interest into the principal. Thus, repayment depends heavily on project success and ourthe borrower's ability to sell, the collateral upon foreclosure. Some of our builders have more than one loan outstanding with us and also have residential mortgage loans for rental properties with us. Consequently, an adverse development with respect to one loanlease, or one credit relationship can expose us to a significantly greater risk of loss.
In addition, during the term of most of our construction loans, no payment from the borrower is required since the accumulated interest is added to the principal of the loan through an interest reserve. As a result, these loans often involve the disbursement of funds with repayment substantially dependent on the success of the ultimate project and the ability of the borrower to sell or lease the property or obtainsecure permanent take-out financing, rather than the ability of the borrower or guarantor to repay principal and interest. If our appraisal of the value of a completed project proves to be overstated, we may have inadequate security for the repayment of the loan upon completion of construction of the project and may incur a loss. Because construction loans require active monitoring of the building process, including cost comparisons and on-site inspections, these loans are more difficult and costly to monitor. Increases in market rates of interest may have a more pronounced effect on construction loans by rapidly increasing the end-purchasers’ borrowing costs, thereby reducing the overall demand for the project. Properties under construction are often difficult to sell and typically must be completed in order to be
successfully sold whichfinancing, rather than their ability to repay principal and interest directly. Misjudging a project's value could leave us with inadequate security and potential losses upon completion. Actively monitoring construction loans, involving cost comparisons and on-site inspections, adds complexity and cost. Market interest rate hikes also complicatesmight significantly impact construction loans, affecting end-purchaser borrowing costs, potentially reducing demand or the process of working outhomeowner's ability to finance the completed home. Further, properties under construction are hard to sell and often need completion for successful sales, complicating problem construction loans.loan resolution. This maymight require us to advance additional funds and/or contract withengaging another builder, to complete construction. Furthermore, in the case ofincurring additional costs and market risks. Moreover, speculative construction loans there is the added risk associated with identifying an end-purchaser for the finished project. Land loans also pose additional risk because of the lack of income being produced by the property and the potential illiquid nature of the collateral. These risks, can also be significantly impacted by supply and demand conditions.
especially regarding finding end-purchasers for finished projects. At December 31, 2020, $33.42023, $47.1 million of our construction/land loans were for speculative construction loans.
We also offer land loans for land acquisition and development. However, loans for land development or future construction carry additional risks due to longer development periods, vulnerability to real estate value declines, economic fluctuations delaying projects, political changes affecting land use, and the collateral's illiquid nature. During this extended financing-to-completion period, the collateral often generates no cash flow.
All of our permanent construction loans have a take-out commitment for a permanent loan with us. At December 31, 2020,2023, all of our construction/land loans were classified as performing.
Our level of commercial and multifamily real estate loans may expose us to increased lending risks.
WhileOur current business strategy includes an emphasis on commercial and multifamily real estate lending. This type of lending mayactivity, while potentially be more profitable than single-familyone-to-four family residential lending, it is generally more sensitive to regional and local economic conditions, making loss levels more difficult to predict. Collateral evaluation and financial statement analysis in these types of loans requires a more detailed analysis at the time of loan underwriting and on an ongoing basis. At December 31, 2020,2023, we had $385.3$377.9 million of commercial real estate loans, representing 34.5%31.6% of our total loan portfolio and $136.7$138.1 million of multifamily loans, representing 12.2%11.6% of our total loan portfolio. These
Commercial and multifamily loans typically involve higher principal amounts than other types of loans, and some of our commercial borrowers have more than one loan outstanding with us. Consequently, an adverse development with respect to one loan or one credit relationship can expose us to a significantly greater risk of loss compared to an adverse development with respect to a one‑to‑four family residential loan. Repayment on these loansrepayment is dependent upon income generated, or expected to be generated, by the property securing the loan in amounts sufficient to cover operating expenses and debt service, thatwhich may be adversely affected by changes in the economy or local market conditions. For example, if the cash flow from the borrower’s project is reduced as a result of leases not being obtained or renewed, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. Commercial and multifamilyreal estate loans also expose a lender to greater credit risk than loans secured by one-to-four family residential real estate, because the collateral securing these loans typically cannot be sold as easily as residential real estate. In addition, many of our commercial and multifamily real estate loans are not fully amortizing and contain large balloon payments upon maturity. Such balloon payments may require the borrower to either sell or refinance the underlying property in order to make the payment, thatwhich may increase the risk of default or non-payment.
A secondary market for most types of commercial and multifamily real estate loans is not readily available, so we have less opportunity to mitigate credit risk by selling part or all of our interest in these loans. As a result of these characteristics, if we foreclose on a commercial or multifamily real estate loan, our holding period for the collateral typically is longer than for one‑to‑four family residential loans because there are fewer potential purchasers of the collateral. Accordingly, charge-offs on commercial real estate loans may be larger on a per loan basis than those incurred with our residential or consumer loan portfolios.
The level of our commercial real estate loan portfolio may subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny.
The FDIC, the Federal Reserve Board and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency have promulgated joint guidance on sound risk management practices for financial institutions with concentrations in commercial real estate lending. Under this guidance, a financial institution that, like us, is actively involved in commercial real estate lending should perform a risk assessment to identify concentrations. A financial institution may have a concentration in commercial real estate lending if, among other factors (i) total reported loans for construction, land development, and other land represent 100% or more of total capital, or (ii) total reported loans secured by multifamily and non-farm residential properties, loans for construction, land development and other land, and loans otherwise sensitive to the general commercial real estate market, including loans to commercial real estate related entities, represent 300% or more of total capital. Based on the FDIC criteria, the Bank hashad a concentration in commercial real estate lending as total loans for multifamily, non-farm/non-residential, construction, land development and other land represented 390.1%316.8% of total risk-based capital at December 31, 2020.2023. The particular focus of the guidance is on exposure to commercial real estate loans that are dependent on the cash flow from the real estate held as collateral and that are likely to be at greater risk to conditions in the commercial real estate market (as opposed to real estate collateral held as a secondary source of repayment or as an abundance of caution). The purpose of the guidance is to guide banks in developing risk
management practices and capital levels commensurate with the level and nature of real estate concentrations. The guidance states that management should employ heightened risk management practices including boardBoard and management oversight and strategic planning, development of underwriting standards, risk assessment and monitoring through market analysis and stress testing. While we believe we have implemented policies and procedures with respect to our commercial real estate lending consistent with this guidance, bank regulators could require us to implement additional policies and procedures consistent with their interpretation of the guidance that may result in additional costs to us.
Expansion ofExpanding our commercial business loansportfolio may exposeincrease the CompanyCompany’s exposure to greater risk of loss.risk.
The Company’s strategic plangrowth strategy includes growth inincreasing originations of business loans that are collateralizedbacked by non-real estate assets. Our business loans are primarily made based on the cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The borrowers’ cash flow, may prove to be unpredictable,with collateral as a secondary factor. However, the unpredictability of borrowers' cash flow and the fluctuating value of collateral, securing these loans may fluctuateoften in value. Most often, this collateral isthe form of accounts receivable, inventory, or equipment. In the case of loansequipment, present significant risks. Loans secured by accounts receivable the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependentare contingent on the borrower's ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers. Othertheir customers, while other collateral securing loans may depreciate, over time, may be difficultchallenging to appraise, may be illiquidassess, lack liquidity, and may fluctuatevary in value based on the success of the business. Further, the borrowers’ ability to repay theseAdditionally, economic fluctuations can significantly impact borrowers' repayment abilities, more so than loans may be impacted more from general economic conditions as compared tosecured by real estate secured loans.estate.
Our non-owner occupied real estate loans may expose us to increased credit risk.
At December 31, 2020, $175.62023, $228.8 million, or 46.0%representing 44.6% of our one-to-four family residential loan portfolio and 15.7%19.2% of our total loan portfolio, consisted of loans secured by non-owner occupied residential properties. At December 31, 2020, one of our non-owner occupied one-to-four family residential loans, with a balance of $159,000, was past due 30-59 days. Loans secured by non-owner occupied properties generally expose a lender to greater risk of non-payment and loss than loans secured by owner occupied properties becauseproperties. The repayment of such loans depend primarilyrelies predominantly on the tenant’s continuing abilitytenant's consistent rental payments to pay rent tothe borrower, who in turn is our client. In instances where the property owner who is our borrower, or, if the property owner is unablefails to findsecure a tenant, repayment becomes contingent on the property owner’s abilityowner's capacity to repayservice the loan without the benefit of a rental income stream.income. In addition, the physical condition of non-owner occupied properties is often below that of owner occupied properties due to lenient property maintenance standards that negatively impact the value of the collateral properties.properties, can negatively impact the collateral property values, heightening potential losses for lenders. Furthermore, some of our non-owner occupied residential loan borrowers have more than one loan outstanding with us. Consequently, an adverse development with respect to one loan or one credit relationship can expose us to a significantly greater risk of loss. At December 31, 2020,2023, we had 95128 non-owner occupied residential loan relationships with an outstanding balance over $500,000 and an aggregate balance of $141.4$183.9 million. Consequently, an adverse development with respect to one credit relationship may expose us to a greater risk of loss compared to an adverse development with respect to an owner occupied residential mortgage loan.
Loans originated under the SBA Paycheck Protection Program subject us to credit, forgiveness and guarantee risk.
As of December 31, 2020, we hold and service a portfolio of 372 loans originated under the PPP with a balance of $41.3 million. The PPP loans are subject to the provisions of the CARES Act and CAA, 2021 and to complex and evolving rules and guidance issued by the SBA and other government agencies. We expect that the great majority of our PPP borrowers will seek full or partial forgiveness of their loan obligations. We have credit risk on PPP loans if the SBA determines that there is a deficiency in the manner in which we originated, funded or serviced loans, including any issue with the eligibility of a borrower to receive a PPP loan. We could face additional risks in our administrative capabilities to service our PPP loans, and risk with respect to the determination of loan forgiveness, depending on the final procedures for determining loan forgiveness. In the event of a loss resulting from a default on a PPP loan and a determination by the SBA that there was a deficiency in the manner in which we originated, funded or serviced a PPP loan, the SBA may deny its liability under the guaranty, reduce the amount of the guaranty or, if the SBA has already paid under the guaranty, seek recovery of any loss related to the deficiency from us.
Our business may be adversely affected by credit risk associated with residential property.
At December 31, 2020, $382.02023, $513.2 million, or 34.2%43.1% of our total loan portfolio, was secured by first liens on one‑to‑four family residential loans.properties. In addition, at December 31, 2020,2023, our home equity lines of credit totaled $9.8$12.5 million. A significant portion of our one‑to‑four family residential real estate loan portfolio consists of jumbo loans that do not conform to secondary market mortgage requirements, and therefore are not immediately salable to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac because such loans exceed the maximum balance allowable for sale (generally $548,000$647,000 to $776,000 $891,000 for single‑family homes in our primary market areas in 2021)2023). Jumbo one‑to‑four family residential loans may expose us to increased risk because of their larger balances, and because they cannot be immediately sold to government sponsored enterprises.
In addition, one-to-four family residential loans are generally sensitive to regional and local economic conditions that significantly impact the ability of borrowers to meet their loan payment obligations, making loss levels difficult to predict. A decline in residential real estate values resulting from a downturn in the housing market may reduce the value of the real estate collateral securing these types of loans and increase our risk of loss if borrowers default on their loans. Recessionary conditions or declines in the volume of real estate sales and/or the sales prices coupled with elevated unemployment rates may result in higher than expected loan delinquencies or problem assets, and a decline in demand for our products and services. These
potential negative events may cause us to incur losses, adversely affect our capital and liquidity and damage our financial condition and business operations.
To meet our growth objectives we may originate or purchase loans outside of our market area which could affect the level of our net interest margin and nonperforming loans.
In order toTo achieve our desired loan portfolio growth, we have actively pursued and may continue seeking opportunities to opportunistically originate or purchase loans outside of our market area, eitherwhether individually, through participations, or in bulk or “pools”. We“pools.” Prior to purchase, we perform certain due diligence procedures and may re-underwrite these loans to our underwriting standards prior to purchase, andstandards. Although we anticipate acquiring loans subject towith customary limited indemnities, however, we may be exposedthis approach exposes us to a greater risk of loss as we acquireheightened risks,
particularly when acquiring loans in unfamiliar geographic areas or of a type or in geographic areas where our management may not havelacks substantial prior experience and whichexperience. Monitoring such loans also may be more difficultpose greater challenges for us to monitor.us. Further, when determining the purchase price we are willing to pay to acquirefor these loans, management will make certain assumptions, about, among other things,including, but not limited to, how borrowers will prepay their loans, the real estate market, and our ability to collect loans successfully manage loan collections and, if necessary, to dispose of anyacquired real estate that may be acquired through foreclosure. To the extent that our underlying assumptions prove to be inaccurate or the basis for those assumptions change (suchundergo unexpected changes, such as an unanticipated decline in the real estate market),market, the purchase price paid may prove to have been excessive,could exceed the actual value, resulting in a lower yield or a loss of some or all of the loan principal. For example, if we purchase “pools” of loansinstance, purchasing loan "pools" at a premium and some of the loans are prepaid before we anticipate, we will earn lessexperiencing earlier-than-expected loan prepayments would yield lower interest income on the acquired loans than expected.initially projected. Our success in increasing our loan portfolio through loan purchases will dependdepends on our ability to price the loans properly and relies on generalthe economic conditions in the geographic areas where the underlying properties or collateral for the acquired loans acquired are located. Inaccurate estimates or declines in economic conditions or real estate values in the markets where we purchase loans could significantly adversely affect the level of our nonperforming loans and our results of operations. At December 31, 2020,2023, our loan portfolio included $84.4$81.8 million, or 7.6%constituting 6.9% of total loans, located in counties located within Washington State that arebut outside of our primary market area. In addition, our portfolio included $140.1$152.8 million, or 12.6%12.8% of total loans, inof loans located outside of Washington State.
If the lead institutions on our loan participation agreements do not keep us informed about the changes in credit quality on the underlying loans in a timely manner, we could be subject to misstatement in our ALLL,ACL, or possibly losses on these loans.
The lead institution inUnder our participation agreements, is responsible for obtaining necessarythe lead institution bears the responsibility of acquiring pertinent credit information relatedconcerning the associated loans. Failure to the underlying loanspromptly relay any credit deterioration in these agreements. If there is credit deterioration on the loans in these agreements that results in a downgrade, and this information is not provided to us could lead to inaccuracies in a timely manner, we will not have thegrading these loans, appropriately graded, which will resultconsequently resulting in an understatement of our ALLL. IfACL. In scenarios where credit deterioration occurs without timely information reaching us, our ACL might not accurately reflect the loan risks. Substantial credit downgrade was significant, anddowngrades, if not adequately accounted for in our ALLL was not adequate, weACL, could incur a losspotentially lead to losses on these loans. At December 31, 2023, we had $28.8 million in loan participations in which we were not the lead lender.
We engage in aircraft and classic and collectible car financing transactions, in which high-value collateral is susceptible to potential catastrophic loss. Consequently, if any of these transactions becomes nonperforming, we could suffer a loss on some or all of our value in the assets.
BecauseAs our primary focus for aircraft loans is on the asset value of the collateral, the collectability of these loans ultimately may be dependent on the value of the underlying collateral. Aircraft values have from time to timehistorically experienced sharp decreasessignificant fluctuations due to a number of factors including, but not limited to, the availability of used aircraft, decreasesshifts in passenger and air cargo demand, increases in fuel costs, government regulation and the comparative value of newly manufactured similar aircraft. ClassicSimilarly, classic and collectible car values are similarly affected by availability and demand. As a result ofdemand; however, due to the unique nature, of classic and collectible cars, their estimated valuevalues often does not align with theirdiffer from listed values. Therefore, loan approval for these assets is predominantly based on the borrower’s ability to repay. An aircraft, classic or collectible car as collateral also presents unique risks because of its high-value and being susceptiblesusceptibility to rapid movement across different locations andrelocation, as well as the potential catastrophicfor significant loss. Although the loan documentation for these transactions will include insurance covenants and other provisions to protect us against risk of loss, there can be no assurance that the insurance proceeds would be sufficient to ensure our full recovery of the loan. Moreover, a relatively smalllimited number of nonperforming loans could have a significant negative impact on the overall value of our loan portfolio. If we are required to liquidateLiquidating a significant amountnumber of aircraft or classic car collateralor collectible cars during a periodperiods of reduced values could adversely affect our financial condition and profitability could be adversely affected.profitability. At December 31, 2020,2023, our loan portfolio included $29.4$58.6 million in classic and collectible car loans and $10.8$1.9 million in aircraft loans.
Our ALLLACL for loans may prove to be insufficient to absorb losses in our loan portfolio. Future additions to our ALLL,ACL for loans, as well as charge-offs in excess of reserves, will reduce our earnings.
Our business depends on the creditworthiness of our customers. As with most financial institutions, we maintain an ALLLACL for loans to reflectreserve for estimated potential losses on loans from defaults, and nonperformance, which represents management's best estimate of probable incurredexpected credit losses inherent inover the life of the loan portfolio. Determining the appropriate level of the ACL for loans involves estimating future losses at the time a loan is originated or acquired, incorporating a broader range of information and future economic scenarios. The determination of the appropriate level of the ALLLACL for loans inherently involves a high degree of subjectivity and requires us to make various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of our loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of our borrowers and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of many of our loans. In determining the amount of the ALLL,ACL for loans, we review our loans and theour historical loss and delinquency experience and evaluate economic conditions and make significant estimates of current credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material changes. If our estimates are incorrect, the ALLL may not be sufficient to cover losses inherent in our loan portfolio, resulting in the need for increases in our provision for loan losses which is charged against income. Deterioration in economic conditions, including as a result of COVID-19, new information regarding existing loans, identification of additional problem loans or relationships, and other factors, both within and outside of our control, may increase our loan charge‑offs and/or may otherwise require an increase in the ALLL.conditions. Management also recognizes that significant new growth in loan portfolios, new loan products, and the refinancing of existing loans can result in portfolios comprised of unseasoned loans that may not perform
in a historical or projected manner and will increase the risk that our allowanceACL for loans may be insufficient to absorb credit losses without significant additional provisions. If our assumptions are incorrect, our ACL for loans may not be sufficient to cover actual losses, resulting in additional provisions for credit losses on loans to replenish the ACL for loans. Deterioration in economic conditions, new information regarding existing loans, identification of additional problem loans or relationships, and other factors, both within and outside of our control, may increase our loan charge-offs and/or otherwise require an increase in our provision for credit losses on loans. In addition, bank regulatory agencies periodically review our allowanceACL for loan lossesloans. Based on their assessment, they and may require anincreased provisions or loan charge-offs. Any increase in the provision for possible loancredit losses or the recognition of further loan charge‑offs based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examination. Any increases in the provision for loan losses will result in a decrease inloans affects net income and may have a material adverse effect oncould materially impact our financial condition, results of operations, and capital.
In addition, the Financial Accounting Standards Board has adopted a new accounting standard referred to as Current Expected Credit Loss, or CECL, which will require financial institutions to determine periodic estimates of lifetime expected credit losses on loans, and recognize the expected credit losses as allowances for credit losses. This will change the current method of providing allowances for credit losses only when they have been incurred and are probable, which may require us to increase our allowance for loan losses, and may greatly increase the types of data we would need to collect and review to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses. This accounting pronouncement is expected to be applicable to us for our first fiscal year after December 15, 2022. We are evaluating the impact the CECL accounting model will have on our accounting, but expect to recognize a onetime cumulative-effect adjustment to the allowance for loan losses as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the new standard is effective. We cannot yet determine the magnitude of any such one-time cumulative adjustment or of the overall impact of the new standard on our financial condition or results of operations. The federal banking regulators, including the Federal Reserve and the FDIC, have adopted a rule that gives a banking organization the option to phase in over a three-year period the day-one adverse effects of CECL on its regulatory capital. For more on this new accounting standard, see Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this report.
Risks Related to Market and Interest Rate Changes
Our results of operations, liquidity and cash flows are subject to interest rate risk.
Our earnings and cash flows are largely dependent upon our net interest income. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control, including general economic conditions and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies and, in particular, the Federal Reserve. InSince March 2022, in response to inflation, the COVID-19 pandemicFederal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”) of the Federal Reserve reducedhas increased the targetedtarget range for the federal funds rate 150by 525 basis, including 100 basis points during 2023, to a range of 0.00%5.25% to 0.25%. The reduction in the targeted federal funds rate has resulted in a decline in overall interest rates which has negatively impacted our net interest income.5.50% as of December 31, 2023. If the Federal Reserve continues to hold the targeted federal funds rates at the current level, overall interest rates will likely decline, which may additionally negatively impact our net interest income. If the Federal ReserveFOMC further increases the targeted federal funds rates, overall interest rates will likely rise, which will positivelynegatively impact our net interest income butand may negatively impact both the housing market by reducing refinancing activity and new home purchases and the U.S. economy. In addition, deflationary pressures, while possibly lowering our operational costs, could have a significant negative effect on our borrowers, especially our business borrowers, and the values of collateral securing loans which could negatively affect our financial performance.
We principally manage interest rate risk by managing ourthe volume and mix of our earning assets and funding liabilities. Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, could influence not only the interest we receive on loans and investments and the amount of interest we pay on deposits and borrowings, but these changes could also affect (i) our ability to originate and/or sell loans and obtain deposits, (ii) the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities, which could negatively impact shareholders’ equity, and our ability to realize gains from the sale of such assets, (iii) our ability to obtain and retain deposits in competition with other available investment alternatives, (iv) the ability of our borrowers to repay adjustable or
variable rate loans, and (v) the average duration of our investment securities portfolio and other interest-earning assets. In a changing interest rate environment, we may not be able to manage this risk effectively. If we are unable to manage interest rate risk effectively, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially affected.
Changes in interest rates could also have a negative impact on our results of operations by reducing the ability of borrowers to repay their current loan obligations or by reducing our margins and profitability. Our net interest margin is the difference between the yield we earn on our assets and the interest rate we pay for deposits and our other sources of funding. Changes in interest rates—up or down—could adversely affect our net interest margin and, as a result, our net interest income. Although the yield we earn on our assets and our funding costs tend to move in the same direction in response to changes in interest rates, one can rise or fall faster than the other, causing our net interest margin to expand or contract.contract. Our liabilities tend to be shorter in duration than our assets, so they may adjust faster in response to changes in interest rates. As a result, when interest rates decline,increase, the yield we earn on our assets may decline faster thannot rise as fast as our funding costs, causing our net interest margin to contract until the funding costs catch up.contract. Changes in the slope of the “yield curve”—or the spread between short-term and long-term interest rates—could also reduce our net interest margin. Normally, the yield curve is upward sloping, meaning short-term rates are lower than long-term rates, however, at December 31, 2023, the yield curve was inverted with short-term rates above long-term rates. Because our liabilities tend to be shorter in duration than our assets, when the yield curve flattens or even inverts, we could experience pressure on our net interest margin as our cost of funds increases relative to the yield we can earn on our assets. Also, interest rate decreases can lead to increased prepayments of loans and mortgage-backed securities as borrowers refinance their loans to reduce borrowing costs. Under these circumstances,circumstances, we are subject to reinvestment risk as we may have to redeploy such repayment proceeds into lower yielding investments, which would likely hurt our income.
A sustained increase in market interest rates could adversely affect our earnings. As is the case with many banks our emphasis on increasing core deposits has resulted in an increasing percentage of our deposits being comprised of deposits bearing no or a relatively low rate of interest and having a shorter duration than our assets. We would incur a higher cost of funds to retain these deposits in a rising interest rate environment. If the interest rates paid on deposits and other borrowings increase at a faster rate than the interest rates received on loans and other investments, our net interest income, and therefore earnings, could be adversely affected.
In addition, a portion of our adjustable-rate loans have interest rate floors below which the loan’s contractual interest rate may not adjust. At December 31, 2020, 51.5%2023, 63.5% of our net loans were comprised of adjustable-rate loans. At that date, $362.8$410.8 million, or 63.1%54.3%, of these loans with an average interest rate of 4.54%4.75% were at their floor interest rate. The inability of our loans to adjust downward can contribute to increased income in periods of declining interest rates, although this result is subject to the risks that borrowers may refinance these loans during periods of declining interest rates. Also, when loans are at their respective floor, which is above the fully-indexed rate, there is a further risk that our interest income may not increase as rapidly as our cost of funds during periods of increasing interest rates and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Changes in interest rates also affect the value of our interest-earning assets and in particular our securities portfolio. Generally, the fair value of fixed-rate securities fluctuates inversely with changes in interest rates. Unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale are reported as a separate component of equity, net of tax. Decreases in the fair value of securities available for sale resulting from increases in interest rates could have an adverse effect on stockholders’ equity.
Although management believes it has implemented effective asset and liability management strategies to reduce the potential effects of changes in interest rates on our results of operations, any substantial, unexpected, prolonged change in market interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Also, our interest rate risk modeling techniques and assumptions may not fully predict or capture the impact of actual interest rate changes on our balance sheet or projected operating results. For further discussion of how changes in interest rates could impact us, see Part II, Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" for additional information about our interest rate risk management.
If interest rate swaps we entered into prove ineffective, it could result in volatility in our operating results, including potential losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows.
We are exposed to the effects of interest rate changes as a result of the borrowings we use to maintain liquidity and fund our expansion and operations. To limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings, prepayment penalties and cash flows and to lower overall borrowing costs while taking into account variable interest rate risk, we may borrow at fixed rates or
variable rates depending upon prevailing market conditions. We may also enter into derivative financial instruments such as interest rate swaps in order to mitigate our interest rate risk on a related financial instrument.
Our interest rate contracts expose us to:several risks, including:
•basis or spread risk, which is the risk ofPotential loss associated withdue to variations in the spread between the interest rate contract and the hedged item;item.
•credit or counter-party risk which is the risk of the insolvency or other inability of another partyRisks related to the transactioncounterparty’s inability to perform its obligations;fulfill obligations.
•Exposure to fluctuations and uncertainties in underlying asset prices due to interest rate risk;rates and market volatility.
•volatilityLiquidity risk which isassociated with the risk that the expected uncertainty relating to the priceease of the underlying asset differs from what is anticipated; and
•liquidity risk.buying or selling these instruments.
If we suffer losses on our interest rate contracts, our business, financial condition and prospects may be negatively affected, and our net income will decline.
We record the swaps at fair value and designate them as an effective cash flow hedge under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815, Derivatives and Hedging. Each quarter, we measure hedge effectiveness using the “hypothetical derivative method” and record in earnings any gains or losses resulting from hedge ineffectiveness. The hedge provided by our swaps could prove to be ineffective for a number of reasons, including early retirement of the debt, as is allowed under the debt, or in the event the counterparty to the interest rate swaps were determined to not be creditworthy. Any determination that the hedge created by the swaps was ineffective could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows and result in volatility in our operating results. In addition, any changes in relevant accounting standards relating to the swaps, especially ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, could materially increase earnings volatility.
As of December 31, 2020,2023, we had interest rate swaps outstanding with an aggregate notional amount of $120.0$115.0 million. At December 31, 2020,2023, the fair value of our interest rate swaps was a $2.8$7.6 million loss.gain. For additional information, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Asset and Liability Management”.
We may incur losses on our securities portfolio as a result of changes in interest rates.portfolio.
FactorsThe fair value of our investment securities is susceptible to significant shifts due to factors beyond our control, can significantly influence the fair value of securities in our portfolio and can cause potentialpotentially leading to adverse changes to the fair value of these securities.in their valuation. These factors include, but are not limited to, rating agency actions in respect of the securities, defaults by or other adverse events affecting, the issuer or with respectadverse events related to the underlying securities, capital market instability, and, changesas previously mentioned, fluctuations in market interest rates and continued instability in the capital markets.rates. Any of these factors, among others, could cause other-than-temporary impairments and realized and/or unrealized lossesthe fair value of these securities to be lower than the amortized cost basis resulting in future periods and declines in other comprehensive income,a credit loss, which could have a material effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The process for determining whether impairmentWe are required to maintain sufficient liquidity to ensure a safe and sound operation, potentially requiring us to sell securities at a loss if our liquidity position falls below desirable level and all alternative sources of a security is other-than-temporary usually requires complex, subjective judgments about the future financial performance and liquidity of the issuer and any collateral underlying the security to assess the probability of receiving all contractual principal and interest payments on the security. There canare exhausted. In an environment where other market participants are also liquidating securities, our loss could be no assurance that the declines in market value will not result in other-than-temporary impairments of these assets, and would lead to accounting charges that could have a material adverse effect on our net incomematerially higher than expected, significantly adversely impacting liquidity and capital levels. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we did not incur any other-than-temporary impairments on our securities portfolio.
If limitations arise in our ability to utilize the national brokered deposit market or to replace short-term deposits, our ability to replace maturing deposits on acceptable terms could be adversely impacted.
First Financial Northwest Bank utilizes the national brokered deposit market for a portion of our funding needs. During 2020, the Company liquidated the portfolio of brokered certificates of deposit through calls and maturities and carried a zero balance at December 31, 2020. However, the Company may utilize these deposits in the future to meet our funding needs. Under FDIC regulations, in the event we are deemed to be less than well-capitalized, we would be subject to restrictions on our use of brokered deposits and the interest rate we can offer on our deposits. If this happens, our use of brokered deposits and the rates we would be allowed to pay on deposits may significantly limit our ability to use deposits as a funding source. If we are
unable to participate in this market for any reason in
Events impacting the future,financial services industry could adversely affect our ability to replace these deposits at maturity could be adversely impacted.results of operations and financial condition.
Further, there may be competitive pressures to pay higher interest rates on deposits, which would increase our funding costs. If deposit clients move money outIn the first quarter of 2023, the financial services industry was negatively affected by the bank failures involving Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank. Subsequently, First Republic Bank was acquired by JP Morgan Chase after the FDIC was appointed receiver. The adverse events involving Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank caused significant volatility in the trading prices of stock of publicly traded banks and holding companies and have decreased confidence in banks among depositors and investors. Such ramifications could continue or worsen in light of the recent failure and acquisition of First Republic Bank. Banking regulators’ actions in response to these events have included ensuring that depositors of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank would have access to their deposits, and into other investments (or into similar products at other institutions that may provide a higher rate of return), we could lose a relatively low costincluding uninsured deposit accounts, establishing the Bank Term Funding Program as an additional source of funds, increasing our funding costsliquidity for banks generally, and reducing our net interest income and net income. Additionally, any such lossmost recently facilitating the acquisition of fundsFirst Republic Bank by JP Morgan Chase. Continued concerns relating to these adverse events could result in reduced loan originations,a reduction in demand for our products and services, including withdrawals of uninsured deposits, and could impact profitability and stockholders’ equity. The premiums of the FDIC’s deposit insurance program are expected to increase, and banking regulators have signaled further review of regulatory requirements and the potential for changes to laws or regulations governing banks and bank holding companies. Changes resulting from these events could include increased regulatory oversight, higher capital requirements or changes in the way regulatory capital is calculated, and the impositions of additional restrictions through regulatory changes or supervisory or enforcement activities, each of which could materially negativelyhave a material impact on our business.
Risks contained in our corporate bond portfolio from securities issued by other financial institutions could adversely impact our growth strategyfinancial condition and results of operations.
Our limited branch locations limit our ability to attract deposits and as a result, a large portionThe majority of our deposits are certificatescorporate bond portfolio is comprised of deposit, including “jumbo” certificates that may not be as stable assubordinated debentures and bonds issued by other typesfinancial institutions. If the market perception of deposits.
With fourteen branch locations in operation during 2020, our ability to compete with larger institutions for noninterest bearing deposits is limited as these institutions have a larger branch network providing greater convenience to customers. As a result, we are dependent on more interest rate sensitive deposits. At December 31, 2020, $409.6 million, or 37.4%, of our total deposits were retail certificates of deposit and, of that amount, $345.0 million were “jumbo” certificates greater than or equal to $100,000, with $135.6 millionany of these certificates greater thanfinancial institutions or equal to $250,000. In addition, deposit inflows are significantly influencedthe financial institutions industry in general deteriorates, we will see additional declines in the value of the securities issued by general interest rates. Our money market accountsthe financial institutions and jumbo certificates of deposit and the retentionit will adversely impact our financial condition. Further, if any of these deposits are particularly sensitive to general interest rates, making these deposits traditionally a more volatile source of funding than other deposit accounts. In order to retain our money market accounts and jumbo certificates of deposit,financial institutions fail, we may have to pay a higher rate, resulting in an increase in our cost of funds. In a rising rate environment, we may be unwilling or unable to pay a competitive rate because of the resulting compression in our interest rate spread. To the extentwill suffer losses that such deposits do not remain with us, they may need to be replaced with borrowings or other deposits that could increase our cost of funds and negativelywill adversely impact our interest rate spreadfinancial condition and financial condition.results of operations.
Risks Related to our Business Strategy
Our branching strategy may cause our expenses to increase faster than revenues.
During 2020, we opened two new branch offices in University Place, Washington and Gig Harbor, Washington. In addition, the Bank opened our fifteenth branch in March 2021, in Issaquah, Washington.
Our current business strategy includes continued similar branch expansion in strategic areas to enhance our market presence. These offices arenew branches tend to be much smaller than traditional bank branch offices, utilizing the improved technology available with our core data processor. This allows us to maintain management’s focus on efficiency, while working to expand the Bank’sour presence into new markets. The success of our expansion strategy into new markets, however, is contingent upon numerous factors, such as our ability to select suitable locations, assess each market’s competitive environment, secure managerial resources, hire and retain qualified personnel and implement effective marketing strategies. The opening of new offices may not increase the volume of our loans and deposits as quickly as or to the degree that we hope, and opening new offices will increase our operating expenses. On average, de novo branches do not become profitable until three to four years after opening. We currently expect to lease rather than own theany additional branch properties. Further, the projected time linetimeline and the estimated dollar amounts involved in opening de novo branches could differ significantly from actual results. The success of our acquired branches is dependent on retention of existing customers’ deposits as well as expanding our market presence in these locations. We may not successfully manage the costs and implementation risks associated with our branching strategy. Accordingly, any new branch may negatively impact our earnings for some period of time until the branch reaches certain economies of scale. Finally, there is a risk that our new branches will not be successful even after they have been established or acquired.
Risks Related to Regulatory and Compliance Matters
Non-compliance with the USA PATRIOT Act, Bank Secrecy Act, or other laws and regulations could result in fines or sanctions.
The USA PATRIOT Act and Bank Secrecy Acts and related regulations require financial institutions to develop programs to prevent financial institutions from being used for money laundering and terrorist activities. Failure to comply with these regulations could result in fines or sanctions. During the last few years, several banking institutions have received large fines for non-compliance with these laws and regulations. While we have developed policies and procedures designed to assist in compliance with these laws and regulations, no assurance can be given that these policies and procedures will be effective in preventing violations of these laws and regulations. If our policies and procedures are deemed deficient, we would be subject to
liability, including fines and regulatory actions, which may include restrictions on our ability to pay dividends and the denial of regulatory approvals to proceed with certain aspects of our business plan, including acquisitions.
Failure to maintain and implement adequate programs to combat money laundering and terrorist financing could also have serious reputational consequences for us. Any of these results could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
If our enterprise risk management framework is not effective at mitigating risk and loss to us, we could suffer unexpected losses and our results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
Our enterprise risk management framework seeks to achieve an appropriate balance between risk and return, which is critical to optimizing stockholder value. We have established processes and procedures intended to identify, measure, monitor, report, analyze and control the types of risk to which we are subject. These risks include liquidity risk, credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk, operational risk, legal and compliance risk, and reputational risk, among others. We also maintain a compliance program designed to identify, measure, assess, and report on our adherence to applicable laws, policies and procedures. While we assess and improve these programs on an ongoing basis, there can be no assurance that our risk management or compliance programs, along with other related controls, will effectively mitigate all risk and limit losses in our business. However, as with any risk management framework, there are inherent limitations to our risk management strategies as there may exist, or develop in the future, risks that we have not appropriately anticipated or identified. If our risk management framework proves ineffective, we could suffer unexpected losses and our business financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
We are subject to an extensive body of accounting rules and best practices. Periodic changes to such rules may change the treatment and recognition of critical financial line items and affect our profitability.
Our business operations are significantly influenced by the extensive body of accounting regulations in the United States. Regulatory bodies periodically issue new guidance, altering accounting rules and reporting requirements, which can substantially affect the preparation and reporting of our financial statements. These changes might necessitate retrospective application, potentially leading to restatements of prior period financial statements.
One such significant change in 2023 was the implementation of the CECL model, which we adopted on January 1, 2023. Under the CECL model, financial assets carried at amortized cost, such as loans and held-to-maturity debt securities, are presented at the net amount expected to be collected. This forward-looking approach in estimating expected credit losses contrasts starkly with the prior, "incurred loss" model, which delays recognition until a loss is probable. CECL mandates considering historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable forecasts affecting collectability, leading to periodic adjustments of financial asset values. However, this forward-looking methodology, reliant on macroeconomic variables, introduces the potential for increased earnings volatility due to unexpected changes in these indicators between periods. An additional consequence of CECL is an accounting asymmetry between loan-related income, recognized periodically based on the effective interest method, and credit losses, recognized upfront at origination. This asymmetry might create the perception of reduced profitability during loan expansion periods due to the immediate recognition of expected credit losses. Conversely, periods with stable or declining loan levels might seem relatively more profitable as income accrues gradually for loans where losses had been previously recognized.
As a result of the change in methodology from the incurred loss model to the CECL model, on January 1, 2023, the Company recorded a one-time charge, net of tax, of $395,000 to retained earnings and a $500,000 increase to the ACL.
Risks Related to Cybersecurity, Data and Fraud
We are subject to certain risks in connection with our use of technology.
Our security measures may not be sufficient to mitigate the risk of a cyber-attack. Communications and information systems are essential to the conduct of our business, as we use such systems to manage our customer relationships, our general ledger and virtually all other aspects of our business. Our operations rely on the secure processing, storage, and transmission of confidential and other information in our computer systems and networks. Although we take protective measures and endeavor to modify them as circumstances warrant, the security of our computer systems, software, and networks may be vulnerable to breaches, fraudulent or unauthorized access, denial or degradation of service attacks, misuse, computer viruses, malware or other malicious code and cyber-attacks that could have a security impact. If one or more of these events occur, this could jeopardize our or our customers’ confidential and other information processed and stored in, and transmitted through, our computer systems and networks, or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in our operations or the operations of our
customers or counterparties. We may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures or to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures, and we may be subject to litigation and financial losses that are either not insured against or not fully covered through any insurance maintained by us. We could also suffer significant reputational damage.
Security breaches in our internet banking activities could further expose us to possible liability and damage our reputation. Increases in criminal activity levels and sophistication, advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries, vulnerabilities in third party technologies (including browsers and operating systems), or other developments could result in a compromise or breach of the technology, processes and controls that we use to prevent fraudulent transactions and to protect data about us, our clientscustomers and underlying transactions. Any compromise of our security also could deter customers from using our internet banking services that involve the transmission of confidential information. We rely on standard internet security systems to provide the security and authentication necessary to effect secure transmission of data. Although we have developed and continue to invest in systems and processes that are designed to detect and prevent security breaches and cyber-attacks and periodically test our security, these precautions may not protect our systems from compromises or breaches of our security measures, and could result in losses to us or our customers, our loss of business and/or customers, damage to our reputation, the incurrence of additional expenses, disruption to our business, our inability to grow our online services or other businesses, additional regulatory scrutiny or penalties, or our exposure to civil litigation and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our security measures may not protect us from system failures or interruptions. While we have established policies and procedures to prevent or limit the impact of systems failures and interruptions, there can be no assurance that such events will not occur or that they will be adequately addressed if they do. In addition, we outsource certain aspects of our data processing and other operational functions to certain third-party providers. While we select third-party vendors carefully, we do
not control their actions. If our third-party providers encounter difficulties, including those resulting from breakdowns or other disruptions in communication services provided by a vendor, failure of a vendor to handle current or higher transaction volumes, cyber-attacks and security breaches, or if we otherwise have difficulty in communicating with them, our ability to adequately process and account for transactions could be affected, and our ability to deliver products and services to our customers and otherwise conduct business operations could be adversely impacted. Replacing these third-party vendors could also entail significant delay and expense. Threats to information security also exist in the processing of customer information through various other vendors and their personnel.
We cannot assure you that such breaches, failures or interruptions will not occur or, if they do occur, that they will be adequately addressed by us or the third parties on which we rely. We may not be insured against all types of losses as a result of third party failures and insurance coverage may be inadequate to cover all losses resulting from breaches, system failures or other disruptions. If any of our third-party service providers experience financial, operational or technological difficulties, or if there is any other disruption in our relationships with them, we may be required to identify alternative sources of such services, and we cannot assure you that we could negotiate terms that are as favorable to us, or could obtain services with similar functionality as found in our existing systems without the need to expend substantial resources, if at all. Further, the occurrence of any systems failure or interruption could damage our reputation and result in a loss of customers and business, could subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny, or could expose us to legal liability. Any of these occurrences could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
The board of directors oversees the risk management process including the risk of cybersecurity and engages with management on cybersecurity issues.
We are subject to certain risks in connection with our data management or aggregation.
We are reliant on our ability to manage data and our ability to aggregate data in an accurate and timely manner to ensure effective risk reporting and management. Our ability to manage data and aggregate data may be limited by the effectiveness of our policies, programs, processes and practices that govern how data is acquired, validated, stored, protected and processed. While we continuously update our policies, programs, processes and practices, many of our data management and aggregation processes are manual and subject to human error or system failure. Failure to manage data effectively and to aggregate data in an accurate and timely manner may limit our ability to manage current and emerging risks, as well as to manage changing business needs.
Our business may be adversely affected by an increasing prevalence of fraud and other financial crimes.
As a bank, we areThe Bank is susceptible to fraudulent activity that may be committed against us or our customers which may result in financial losses or increased costs to us or our customers, disclosure or misuse of our information or our customer’s information, misappropriation of assets, privacy breaches against our customers, litigation, or damage to our reputation. Such fraudulent activity may take many forms, including check fraud, electronic fraud, wire fraud, phishing, social engineering and
other dishonest acts. Nationally, reported incidents of fraud and other financial crimes have increased. We have also experienced losses due to apparent fraud and other financial crimes. While we have policies and procedures designed to prevent such losses, there can be no assurance that such losses will not occur.
Risks relatedRelated to ourOur Business and Industry Generally
We rely on other companies to provide key components of our business infrastructure.
We rely on numerous external vendors to provide us with products and services necessary to maintain our day-to-day operations. Accordingly, our operations are exposed to risk that these vendors will not perform in accordance with the contracted arrangements under service level agreements. The failure of an external vendor to perform in accordance with the contracted arrangements under service level agreements because of changes in the vendor's organizational structure, financial condition, support for existing products and services or strategic focus or for any other reason, could be disruptive to our operations, which in turn could have a material negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations. We also could be adversely affected to the extent a service agreement is not renewed by the third-party vendor or is renewed on terms less favorable to us. Additionally, the bank regulatory agencies expect financial institutions to be responsible for all aspects of ourtheir vendors’ performance, including aspects which they delegate to third parties.
Uncertainty relating to the LIBOR calculation process and potential phasing out of LIBOR may adversely affect our results of operations.
We have certain FHLB advances, loans, interest rate swaps and investment securities, indexed to LIBOR to calculate the interest rate. The continued availability of the LIBOR index is not guaranteed after 2021. We cannot predict whether and to what extent banks will continue to provide LIBOR submissions to the administrator of LIBOR or whether any additional reforms to LIBOR may be enacted. At this time, no consensus exists as to what rate or rates may become acceptable alternatives to LIBOR (with the exception of overnight repurchase agreements, which are expected to be based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR) and it is impossible to predict the effect of any such alternatives on the value of LIBOR-based securities and variable rate loans, subordinated debentures, or other securities or financial arrangements, given LIBOR's role in determining market interest rates globally. SOFR is observed and backward looking, which stands in contrast with LIBOR under the current methodology, which is an estimated forward-looking rate and relies, to some degree, on the expert judgment of submitting panel members. Given that SOFR is a secured rate backed by government securities, it will be a rate that does not take into account bank credit risk (as is the case with LIBOR). SOFR is therefore likely to be lower than LIBOR and is less likely to correlate with the funding costs of financial institutions. Whether or not SOFR attains market traction as a LIBOR replacement tool remains in question and the future of LIBOR remains uncertain at this time. Uncertainty as to the nature of alternative reference rates and as to potential changes or other reforms to LIBOR may adversely affect LIBOR rates and the value of LIBOR-based loans, and to a lesser extent securities in our portfolio, and may impact the availability and cost of hedging instruments and borrowings. If LIBOR rates are no longer available, and we are required to implement substitute indices for the calculation of interest rates under our loan agreements with our borrowers or our existing borrowings, we may incur significant expenses in effecting the transition, and may be subject to disputes or litigation with customers and creditors over the appropriateness or comparability to LIBOR of the substitute indices, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
Ineffective liquidity management could adversely affect our financial results and condition.
Effective liquidity management is essential to our business. We require sufficient liquidity to meet customer loan requests, customer deposit maturities and withdrawals, payments on our debt obligations as they come due and other cash commitments under both normal operating conditions and other unpredictable circumstances, including events causing industry or general financial market stress. An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale of loans or investment securities and other sources could have a substantial negative effect on our liquidity. We rely on customer deposits and at times, borrowings from the FHLB of Des Moines and certain other wholesale funding sources to fund our operations. Deposit flows and the prepayment of loans and mortgage-related securities are strongly influenced by such external factors as the direction of interest rates, whether actual or perceived, and the competition for deposits and loans in the markets we serve. Further, changes to the FHLB of Des Moines's underwriting guidelines for wholesale borrowings or lending policies may limit or restrict our ability to borrow, and could therefore have a significant adverse impact on our liquidity.
Although we have historically been able to replace maturing deposits and borrowings if desired, we may not be able to replace such funds in the future if, among other things, our financial condition, the financial condition of the FHLB of Des Moines, or market conditions change. Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance our activities or on terms which are acceptable could be impaired by factors that affect us specifically or the financial services industry or economy in general, such as a disruption in the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry or deterioration in credit markets. Additional factorsFactors that could detrimentally impact our access to liquidity sources include a decrease in the level of our business activity as a result of a downturn in the markets in which our loans and deposits are concentrated, negative operating results, or adverse regulatory action against us. Our ability to borrow could also be impaired by factors that are not specific to us, such as a disruption in the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry or deterioration in credit markets. Any decline in available funding in amounts adequate to finance our activities or on terms which are acceptable could adversely impact our ability to originate loans, invest in securities, meet our expenses, or fulfill obligations such as repaying our borrowings or meeting deposit withdrawal demands, any of which could in turn, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our growth or future losses may require us to raise additional capital in the future, but that capital may not be available when it is needed, or the cost of that capital may be very high.
We are required by federal regulatory authorities to maintain adequate levels of capital to support our operations. At some point, we may need to raise additional capital to support our growth or replenish future losses. Our ability to raise additional capital, if needed, will depend on conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside our control, and on our financial condition and performance. Accordingly, we cannot make assurances that we will be able to raise additional capital if needed on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. If we cannot raise additional capital when needed, our ability to further expand our operations could be materially impaired and our financial condition and liquidity could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, any additional capital we obtain may result in the dilution of the interests of existing holders of
our common stock. Further, if we are unable to raise additional capital when required by our bank regulators, we may be subject to adverse regulatory action.
We are dependent on key personnel and the loss of one or more of those key personnel may materially and adversely affect our prospects.
Competition for qualified employees and personnel in the banking industry is intense and there are a limited number of qualified persons with knowledge of, and experience in, the community banking industry where First Financial Northwest Bank conducts its business. The process of recruiting personnel with the combination of skills and attributes required to carry out our strategies is often lengthy. Our success depends to a significant degree upon our ability to attract and retain qualified management, loan origination, finance, administrative, marketing, and technical personnel and upon the continued contributions of our management and personnel. In particular, our success has been and continues to be highly dependent upon the abilities of key executives, including our President, and certain other employees. In addition, our success has been and continues to be highly dependent upon the services of our directors, many of whom are at or nearing retirement age, and we may not be able to identify and attract suitable candidates to replace such directors.
We participate in a multiple employer defined benefit pension plan for the benefit of our employees. If we were to withdraw from this plan, or if Pentegra, the multiple employer defined benefit pension plan sponsor, requires us to make additional contributions, we could incur a substantial expense in connection with the withdrawal or the request for additional contributions.
We participate in the Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan for Financial Institutions, a multiple employer pension plan for the benefit of our employees. Effective March 31, 2013, we did not allow additional employees to participate in this plan. On March 31, 2013, weplan and froze the future accrual of benefits under this plan with respect to those participating employees. In connection with our decision to freeze our benefit accruals under the plan, and since then, we considered withdrawing from the plan.
If we choose to withdraw from the plan, we could incur a substantial expense in connection with the withdrawal. The actual expense that would be incurred in connection with a withdrawal from the plan is primarily dependent upon the timing of the withdrawal, the total value of the plan’s assets at the time of withdrawal, general market interest rates at that time, expenses imposed on withdrawal, and other conditions imposed by Pentegra as set forth in the plan. If we choose to withdraw from the plan in the future, we could incur a substantial expense in connection with the withdrawal.
Even if we do not withdraw from the plan, Pentegra, as sponsor of the plan, may request that we make an additional contribution to the plan, in addition to contributions that we are regularly required to make, or obtain a letter of credit in favor of the plan, if our financial condition worsens to the point that it triggers certain criteria set out in the plan. If we fail to make the contribution or obtain the requested letter of credit, then we may be forced to withdraw from the plan and establish a separate, single employer defined benefit plan that we anticipate would be underfunded to a similar extent as under the multiple employer plan.
We rely on dividends from the Bank for substantially all of our revenue at the holding company level.
We areFirst Financial Northwest is an entity separate and distinct from our principal subsidiary, First Financial Northwestthe Bank, and derivederives substantially all of ourits revenue at the holding company level in the form of dividends from that subsidiary.the Bank. Accordingly, we are,First Federal Northwest is, and will be, dependent upon dividends from the Bank to pay the principal of and interest on ourits indebtedness, to satisfy ourits other cash needs and to pay dividends on ourits common stock. First Financial NorthwestThe Bank’s ability to pay dividends is subject to its ability to earn net income and to meet certain regulatory requirements, including the capital conservation buffer requirement. In the event the Bank is unable to pay dividends to us, weFirst Financial Northwest, it may not be able to pay dividends on ourits common stock or continuerepurchase its stock.
If we fail to meet the expectations of our stakeholders with respect to our environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) practices, including those relating to sustainability, it may have an adverse effect on our reputation and results of operation.
Our reputation may also be negatively impacted by our diversity, equity and inclusion (“DEI”) efforts if they fall short of expectations. In addition, various private third-party organizations have developed ratings processes for evaluating companies on their approach to ESG and DEI matters. These ratings may be used by some investors to assist with their investment and voting decisions. Any unfavorable ratings may lead to reputational damage and negative sentiment among our investors and other stakeholders. Furthermore, increased ESG related compliance costs could result in increases to our overall operational costs. Failure to adapt to or comply with regulatory requirements or investor or stakeholder expectations and standards could negatively impact our reputation to do business with certain partners, and our stock repurchases. Also, our right to participateprice. New government regulations could also result in a distributionnew or more stringent forms of assets upon a subsidiary’s liquidation or reorganization is subject to the prior claims of the subsidiary’s creditors.ESG oversight and expanding mandatory and voluntary reporting, diligence, and disclosure.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
First Financial Northwest has not received any written comments from the SEC regarding its periodic or current reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Item 1C. Cybersecurity
Risk Management and Strategy
Our cybersecurity risk management and strategy are integrated into our enterprise-wide risk management (ERM) program, which leverages a "three lines of defense" model to manage risk within the organization. Such model incorporates 1) day-to-day/operational activities and controls that are managed at the business unit level; 2) identification, measurement and mitigation of inherent security risks via the use of internal control and cybersecurity maturity frameworks, operating policies, independent monitoring, risk management and compliance oversight; and 3) internal audit designed to provide objective and independent validation of the design and operating effectiveness of cybersecurity and information security controls. Technology risk (including cybersecurity and overall operational risk) is identified as a key risk area for the Company, and utilizes a combination of manual and automated methods as well as internal and external resources to monitor, measure and mitigate cybersecurity risks.
The ability to mitigate cybersecurity risks is dependent upon an effective risk assessment process that identifies, measures, controls, and monitors material risks stemming from cybersecurity threats. These threats include any potential unauthorized activities occurring through the Company's information systems that could adversely affect the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of the Company's information systems or the data contained therein. The Company's Information Security Program includes a comprehensive information security risk assessment process that incorporates the following elements:
1.Identification of reasonably foreseeable internal and external threats that could result in unauthorized disclosure, misuse, alteration, or destruction of confidential information or information systems.
2.Assessment of the likelihood and potential damage of these threats, taking into consideration the sensitivity of confidential information.
3.Assessment of the sufficiency of policies, procedures, information systems, and other arrangements in place to control risks.
The risk assessment process is designed to identify assets requiring risk reduction strategies and includes an evaluation of the key factors applicable to the operation. The Company conducts a variety of information security assessments throughout the year, both internally and through third-party specialists.
In designing our Information Security Program, we refer to established industry frameworks - in particular, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) and guidance and best practices from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The FFIEC framework offers a set of guidelines to help financial institutions effectively manage and mitigate cybersecurity risks. The framework focuses on ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive information and systems. NIST is part of the U.S. Department of Commerce and among other initiatives, develops cybersecurity standards, guidelines, and other resources to meet the needs of U.S. industry, federal agencies and the broader public. Activities range from producing specific information that organizations can put into practice immediately to longer-term research that anticipates advances in technologies and future challenges. The Company utilizes these frameworks to assist with the design of our Information Security Program, including risk mitigation controls and processes. While we believe our information security program is well-designed and appropriate for our organization, the sophistication of cyber threats continues to increase and the Company's cybersecurity risk management and strategy may be insufficient and may not be successful in protecting against all cyber incidents. Accordingly, no matter how well designed or implemented the Company's controls are, it may not be able to anticipate all cyber security breaches, and it may not be able to implement effective preventive measures against such security breaches in a timely manner. For more information on how cybersecurity risk may affect the Company's business strategy, results of operations or financial condition, please refer to Item I A. Risk Factors - Risks Related to Cybersecurity, Data and Fraud.
The Company uses a cross-functional approach to identify, prevent, and mitigate cybersecurity threats and incidents. We have adopted controls and procedures that provide for the prompt escalation of certain cybersecurity incidents so that decisions regarding the public disclosure and reporting of such incidents can be made by management in a timely manner. We have developed a formal cybersecurity incident response plan that summarizes the steps the Company will take to respond to a
cybersecurity incident. The plan includes an Incident Response Team (IRT), which is responsible for addressing and coordinating all aspects of the Company's response to cybersecurity events. The IRT is supported by operating procedures and guidelines designed to outline the expectations and processes to be followed when responding to incidents of unauthorized access to confidential information maintained by the Company or its service providers. The IRT may consult legal counsel and other external experts in connection with their respective activities. An escalation process has been established for engaging other resources and appropriate reporting protocols at both the management and Board of Directors levels.
Governance
Our Board of Directors has adopted, and reviews annually, a Risk Appetite Statement that articulates the Company's attitude towards risk. The Company's Risk Appetite Statement identifies key risk categories and establishes risk tolerances for each. Associated risk metrics are monitored quarterly by Management and reported to the Audit/Compliance/Risk (ACR) Committee of the Board and the Board of Directors. Management measures and reports inherent risk, mitigating controls, residual risk and emerging risk for various key risk categories, inclusive of cybersecurity and information security risks.
The Company's governance and oversight of cybersecurity risks are facilitated through our Information Security Program, which establishes administrative, technical, and physical safeguards designed to protect the confidential information and records of all the Bank's clients in accordance with FDIC regulations. Our Information Security Program, along with its associated policies and guidelines, takes into account FDIC and FFIEC regulations and guidance on sensitive information protection as well as information system security. It is tailored to align with the Company's risk assessment results, and the size, complexity, nature and scope of our activities.
We maintain relevant expertise within the Bank's management team to manage cybersecurity risks. In particular, the Bank's Information Security Officer (“ISO”) reports directly to the Chief Risk Officer (“CRO”) and provides direction and oversight for information and cyber-security related activities across the Company—including existing and emerging initiatives, service provider arrangements, incident response, business continuity management, staff training, monitoring of key controls and adjusting the information security program in response to changes in operations and internal/external threats and vulnerabilities. The ISO has more than 20 years of information security experience at financial institutions as well as information security consulting firms, and maintains various cybersecurity and IT audit professional certifications. The ISO works in partnership with the Company’s Information Technology department and is supported by both internal and external information technology and information security tools, resources and staff.
Both the CRO and ISO provide routine reports to various management committees and at the Board level—namely the ACR Committee and the Board of Directors—regarding the overall status of the Information Security Program. Such reporting encompasses various aspects, such as risk assessment, risk management and control decisions, service provider arrangements, results of independent testing, cybersecurity incidents or violations and Management's responses, and recommendations for changes to the Information Security Program. The Board of Directors plays a crucial role, annually reviewing and approving our Information Security Program. The Board oversees efforts to develop, implement, and maintain an effective Information Security Program, including reviewing Management's reporting on program effectiveness. Additionally, the Board of Directors' Corporate Governance/Nominating Committee considers information technology and cybersecurity expertise when assessing potential director candidates, to help ensure the Board of Directors has the capability to appropriately oversee Management's activities in these areas.
Item 2. Properties
The corporate office for First Financial Northwest and First Financial Northwest Bankthe Company is located at 201 Wells Avenue South, Renton, Washington and is owned by us. The Bank’s full service retail operation is also at this location. In addition, the Bank owns a retail office located at 17424 SR 9, Snohomish, Washington. At December 31, 2020,2023, the Bank had twelve13 leased locations in Washington currently in operation: Mill Creek, Edmonds, “The Landing” in Renton, Bellevue, Bothell, Woodinville, Smokey Point, Lake Stevens, Kent, Kirkland, University Place, Gig Harbor, and Gig Harbor. In addition, the Bank opened a location in Issaquah, Washington, in March 2021.Issaquah. The lending division operations of First Financial Northwestthe Bank are at our owned location at 207 Wells Avenue South, Renton, Washington. This location is also the site for the operations of First Financial Northwest’s wholly-owned subsidiary, First Financial Diversified. The lease terms for our properties are for an initial term of three to five years with the option to extend for additional three to five year periods. In the opinion of management, all properties are adequately covered by insurance, are in a good state of repair and are appropriately designed for their present and future use. For additional information on our lease commitments, see Note 14-10- “Leases” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this report.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are involved as plaintiff or defendant in various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. As of December 31, 2020,2023, we were not involved in any significant litigation and do not anticipate incurring any material liability as a result of any such litigation.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC’s Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”), under the symbol “FFNW.” As of December 31, 2020,March 8, 2024, there were 9.7 million shares of common stock issued and outstanding and we had 502 shareholders were approximately 466 shareholders of record, excluding persons or entities that hold stockstock in nominee or “street name” accounts with brokers.
As of December 31, 2023, our Board of Directors had declared 43 consecutive quarterly cash dividends on our common stock. Our cash dividend payout policy is reviewed regularly by management and the Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2020, our board of directors had declared 31 consecutive quarterly cash dividends on our common stock. Any dividends declared and paid in the future would depend upon a number of factors, including capital requirements, our financial condition and results of operations, tax considerations, statutory and regulatory limitations, and general economic conditions. No assurances can be given that any dividends will be paid or that, if paid, will not be reduced or eliminated in future periods. Our future payment of dividends may depend, in part, upon receipt of dividends from the Bank, which are restricted by federal regulations.
Stock Repurchases
The Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase plan that began on January 27, 2020, and expired on July 27, 2020. The plan authorized the repurchase of up to 513,000 shares of the Company’s stock. At the expiration of the plan, the Company had repurchased 214,845 shares authorized at an average price of $11.13 per share.
In addition, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase plan that began on July 30, 2020 and expired on January 31, 2021. At the expiration of this plan, the Company had repurchased 329,781 shares at an average price of $9.98 per share.
The following table represents the shareFirst Financial Northwest common shares repurchased during the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2020.2023.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Period | | Total Number of Shares Purchased | | Average Price Paid per Share | | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Plan | | Maximum Number of Shares that May be Repurchased Under the Plan |
| | | | | | | | |
| October 1 - October 31, 2020 | | — | | | $ | — | | | — | | | 353,951 | |
| November 1 - November 30, 2020 | | 156,392 | | | 10.30 | | | 156,392 | | | 197,559 | |
| December 1 - December 31, 2020 | | 18,340 | | | 11.10 | | | 18,340 | | | 179,219 | |
| Total | | 174,732 | | | 10.38 | | | 174,732 | | | 179,219 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Period | | Total Number of Shares Purchased | | Average Price Paid per Share | | Total Number of Shares Repurchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan | | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Repurchased Under the Plan(1) |
| October 1 - October 31, 2023 | | — | | | $ | — | | | — | | | 457,000 | |
| November 1 - November 30, 2023 | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 457,000 | |
| December 1 - December 31, 2023 | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 457,000 | |
| | — | | | — | | | — | | | |
(1) On December 21, 2020,August 7, 2023, the Company’sCompany announced that its Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to five percent (5%)5% of the Company’s outstanding common stock, or approximately 486,000 shares beginning no earlier than February 1, 2021,457,000 shares. The August 2023 stock repurchase program commenced on August 10, 2023, and endingwill expire no later than August 13, 2021.March 16, 2024. The extent to which the Company repurchases its shares and the timing of such repurchases will purchase the shares from time to time in the open market or through privately negotiated depending ondepend upon market conditions and other corporate considerations. As a result, there can be no assurance as to the exact number of shares, if any, that will be repurchased under the plan.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The equity compensation plan information presented under subparagraph (d) in Part III, Item 12 of this report is incorporated herein by reference.
Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative total shareholder return on First Financial Northwest’s Common Stock with the cumulative total return on the Russell 2000 Index, the SNL Micro CAP U.S. Bank Index, and the SNL Thrift Index, a peer group index.
The graph assumes that total return includes the reinvestment of all dividends and that the value of the investment in First Financial Northwest’s common stock and each index was $100 on December 31, 2015, and is the base amount used in the graph. The closing price of First Financial Northwest’s common stock on December 31, 2020 was $11.40.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Period Ended |
| Index | 12/31/2015 | | 12/31/2016 | | 12/31/2017 | | 12/31/2018 | | 12/31/2019 | | 12/31/2020 |
| First Financial Northwest, Inc. | 100.00 | | | 143.83 | | | 114.81 | | | 116.59 | | | 115.30 | | | 91.48 | |
| Russell 2000 Index | 100.00 | | | 121.31 | | | 139.08 | | | 123.76 | | | 155.35 | | | 186.36 | |
| SNL Thrift Index | 100.00 | | | 122.49 | | | 121.60 | | | 102.42 | | | 126.10 | | | 116.21 | |
| SNL Micro Cap U.S. Bank Index | 100.00 | | | 122.94 | | | 150.40 | | | 142.71 | | | 159.37 | | | 119.72 | |
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following table sets forth certain information concerning our consolidated financial position and results of operations at and for the dates indicated and has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. The information below is qualified in its entirety by the detailed information included elsewhere herein and should be read along with Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” included in this Form 10-K.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | At or For the Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| FINANCIAL CONDITION DATA: | (In thousands, except share data) |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Total assets | $ | 1,387,669 | | | $ | 1,341,885 | | | $ | 1,252,424 | | | $ | 1,210,229 | | | $ | 1,037,584 | |
| Investments available-for-sale | 127,551 | | | 136,601 | | | 142,170 | | | 132,242 | | | 129,260 | |
Loans receivable, net (1) | 1,100,582 | | | 1,108,462 | | | 1,022,904 | | | 988,662 | | | 815,043 | |
| Deposits | 1,093,633 | | | 1,033,534 | | | 939,032 | | | 839,502 | | | 717,476 | |
| Advances from the FHLB | 120,000 | | | 137,700 | | | 146,500 | | | 216,000 | | | 171,500 | |
| Stockholders’ equity | 156,302 | | | 156,319 | | | 153,738 | | | 142,634 | | | 138,125 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| OPERATING DATA: | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Interest income | $ | 56,114 | | | $ | 59,620 | | | $ | 55,913 | | | $ | 47,644 | | | $ | 41,709 | |
| Interest expense | 15,645 | | | 20,712 | | | 14,738 | | | 10,022 | | | 7,507 | |
| Net interest income | 40,469 | | | 38,908 | | | 41,175 | | | 37,622 | | | 34,202 | |
| Provision (Recapture of provision) for loan losses | 1,900 | | | (300) | | | (4,000) | | | (400) | | | 1,300 | |
| Net interest income after provision (recapture of provision) for loan losses | 38,569 | | | 39,208 | | | 45,175 | | | 38,022 | | | 32,902 | |
| Noninterest income | 4,442 | | | 4,141 | | | 2,878 | | | 2,208 | | | 2,651 | |
| Noninterest expense | 32,513 | | | 30,418 | | | 29,461 | | | 26,809 | | | 22,949 | |
| Income before provision for federal income taxes | 10,498 | | | 12,931 | | | 18,592 | | | 13,421 | | | 12,604 | |
| Provision for federal income taxes | 1,942 | | | 2,562 | | | 3,693 | | | 4,942 | | | 3,712 | |
| Net income | $ | 8,556 | | | $ | 10,369 | | | $ | 14,899 | | | $ | 8,479 | | | $ | 8,892 | |
| Basic earnings per share | $ | 0.88 | | | $ | 1.04 | | | $ | 1.44 | | | $ | 0.82 | | | $ | 0.75 | |
| Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.88 | | | $ | 1.03 | | | $ | 1.43 | | | $ | 0.81 | | | $ | 0.74 | |
___________________
(1) Net of ALLL, LIP and deferred loan fees and costs.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| At or For the Year Ended December 31, |
| KEY FINANCIAL RATIOS: | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Performance Ratios: | | | | | | | | | |
| Return on assets | 0.63 | % | | 0.80 | % | | 1.21 | % | | 0.76 | % | | 0.88 | % |
| Return on equity | 5.50 | | | 6.73 | | | 9.86 | | | 5.94 | | | 5.55 | |
| Dividend payout ratio | 45.45 | | | 33.65 | | | 21.53 | | | 32.93 | | | 32.02 | |
| Equity-to-assets ratio | 11.26 | | | 11.65 | | | 12.28 | | | 11.79 | | | 13.31 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Net interest margin | 3.15 | | | 3.19 | | | 3.56 | | | 3.60 | | | 3.60 | |
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing
liabilities | 115.62 | | | 113.44 | | | 114.28 | | | 114.07 | | | 117.11 | |
| Efficiency ratio | 72.39 | | | 70.66 | | | 66.88 | | | 67.31 | | | 62.27 | |
| Noninterest expense as a percent of average total assets | 2.39 | | | 2.35 | | | 2.40 | | | 2.42 | | | 2.27 | |
| Book value per common share | $ | 16.05 | | | $ | 15.25 | | | $ | 14.35 | | | $ | 13.27 | | | $ | 12.63 | |
Capital Ratios: (1) | | | | | | | | | |
| Tier 1 leverage | 10.29 | % | | 10.27 | % | | 10.37 | % | | 10.20 | % | | 11.17 | % |
| Common equity tier 1 | 14.32 | | | 13.13 | | | 13.43 | | | 12.52 | | | 14.36 | |
| Tier 1 capital ratio | 14.32 | | | 13.13 | | | 13.43 | | | 12.52 | | | 14.36 | |
| Total capital ratio | 15.57 | | | 14.38 | | | 14.68 | | | 13.77 | | | 15.61 | |
Asset Quality Ratios: (2) | | | | | | | | | |
| Nonperforming loans as a percent of total loans | 0.19 | | | 0.01 | | | 0.07 | | | 0.02 | | | 0.10 | |
| Nonperforming assets as a percent of total assets | 0.18 | | | 0.04 | | | 0.10 | | | 0.05 | | | 0.31 | |
| ALLL as a percent of total loans | 1.36 | | | 1.18 | | | 1.29 | | | 1.28 | | | 1.32 | |
| ALLL as a percent of nonperforming loans | 721.20 | | | 13,913.68 | | | 1,774.87 | | | 7,196.65 | | | 1,276.34 | |
| Net recoveries to average loans receivable, net | — | | | (0.02) | | | (0.45) | | | (0.27) | | | (0.02) | |
_______________
(1) Capital ratios are for First Financial Northwest Bank only.
(2) Loans are reported net of LIP.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This discussion and analysis reviews our consolidated financial statements and other relevant statistical data for the years ending December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, and is intended to enhance your understanding of our financial condition and results of operations. The information in this section has been derived from the Consolidated Financial Statements and footnotes thereto that appear in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with these Consolidated Financial Statements and footnotes and the business and financial information provided in this Form 10-K. Unless otherwise indicated, the financial information presented in this section reflects the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of First Financial Northwest and its subsidiaries. For a discussion and review of our consolidated financial statements and other relevant statistical data for the years ending December 31, 2019 and 2018 see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.
Overview
First Financial Northwest Bank is a wholly-owned subsidiary of First Financial Northwest and, as such, comprises substantially all of the activity for First Financial Northwest. First Financial NorthwestThe Bank was a community-based savings bank until February 4, 2016, when the Bank converted to a Washington state chartered commercial bank reflecting the commercial banking services it now provides to its customers. The Bank primarily serves King, Snohomish, Pierce and Kitsap counties, Washington through its full-service banking office and headquarters in Renton, Washington, as well as sixseven retail branches in King County, Washington, five retail branches in Snohomish County, Washington, and two retail branches in Pierce County, Washington at December 31, 2020.2023. The Bank purchased four of these branches in 2017 and acquired $74.7 million in deposits (the “Branch Acquisition”). The Branch Acquisition expanded our retail footprint and provided an
opportunity to extend our unique brand of community banking into those communities. In addition, the Bank opened a new branch office in Issaquah, Washington in March 2021.
The Bank’s business consists predominantly of attracting deposits from the general public, combined with borrowing from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines (“FHLB”)FHLB and raising funds in the wholesale market, then utilizing these funds to originate one-to-four family residential, multifamily, commercial real estate, construction/land, business, and consumer loans.
The Bank’s strategic initiatives seek to diversify our loan portfolio and broaden growth opportunities with our current risk tolerance levels and asset/liability objectives. Our current business strategy emphasizes commercial real estate, construction, one-to-four family residential, and multifamily lending. With the current low interest rate environment, we are not aggressively pursuing longer term assets, but rather are focused on financing shorter term loansDuring 2023, loan originations, refinances and loans with adjustable interest rates. During 2020,purchases outpaced repayments of loans, moderately outpaced originationsresulting in an increase of new loans and refinances, resulting$8.8 million in net loans receivable with a balance of $1.10$1.18 billion at December 31, 2020, as compared2023.
We continued to $1.11 billion at December 31, 2019. Originations of construction/land loans were $62.4 million in 2020 as compared to $110.0 million in 2019, resulting in this portfolio decreasing to $92.2 million at December 31, 2020 as compared to $113.7 million at December 31, 2019. We anticipate that construction/land lending will continue to be a strong element of our total loan portfolio in future periods. We will continue to take a disciplined approach in our construction/land lending by concentrating our efforts on residential loans to builders known to us, including multifamily loans to developers with proven success in this type of construction. These loans typically mature in six to eighteen months and funding is usually not fully disbursed at origination, therefore the impact to net loans receivable is generally minimal in the short term.
We have also geographically expandedexpand our loan portfolio through loan purchases or loan participations of commercial and multifamily real estate loans, as well as consumer classic and collectible car loans, that are outside of our primary market area. Through our effortsWhile the total volume of loan purchases and participations in 2023 decreased compared to geographically diversify2022, our loan portfolio experienced a positive net change with direct loan originations, loan participations, or loan purchases,an aggregate addition of $22.0 million from these programs during 2023.
In our commitment to diversify beyond the State of Washington, our portfolio includes $140.7included $152.8 million ofin loans to borrowers or secured by properties located in 4346 other states, includingalong with Washington, D.C. As of December 31, 2023, the largest concentrations were in California, Utah,Florida, Texas, Oregon, Georgia and Florida of $34.8 million, $16.0Alabama, totaling $35.1 million, $11.4 million, $8.4$10.2 million, $10.0 million and $8.0$7.8 million respectively at December 31, 2020.of loans, respectively.
The Bank has affiliated with a SBA partner to process our SBA loans while the Bank retains the credit decisions. This enables us to be active in lending to small businesses until our volumes are high enough to support the investment in necessary infrastructure. When volumes support our becoming a SBA preferred lender, we will apply for that status which would provide the Bank with delegated loan approval as well as closing and most servicing and liquidation authority, enabling the Bank to make loan decisions more rapidly. In addition, the Bank plans to increase originations of the business loan portfolio, which may include business lines of credit, business term loans or equipment financing. In conjunction with the growth of business loans, the Bank seeks to service these customers with their business deposits as well.
Net income for the year ended December 31, 2020,2023 was $8.6$6.3 million, or $0.88$0.69 per diluted share, compared to $10.4$13.2 million, or $1.03$1.45 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2019.2022. The most significantprimary contributor to this decrease was a $2.2$7.8 million decrease in net interest income as our increase in interest expense significantly outpaced our increase in interest income. In addition, we recorded a recapture of the provision for loancredit losses of $208,000 in 2020.2023, compared to a $434,000 recapture in 2022, primarily as a resultdue to credit upgrades and payoffs of loans carrying higher credit risk ratings, updates to economic forecasts used for loans and unfunded commitments, changes in qualitative economic factors utilized to calculate our general reserves for the ALLLloan portfolio balances, mix and declinescharacteristics and other factors. The decrease in the risk grades on certain loans, reflecting the probable loan losses due to the COVID-19 pandemic based upon the financial conditionsnet income was further impacted by a $474,000 reduction in noninterest income and economic outlook that existed as of December 31, 2020. Net interest income increased by $1.6 million, primarily as a result of reductions$41,000 increase in the cost of our deposit liabilities. Noninterest expenses increased by $2.1 million, reflecting continued growth in our operations.noninterest expense.
Our primary source of revenue is interest income, which is the income that we earn on our loans and investments. Interest expense is the interest that we pay on our deposits and borrowings. Net interest income is the difference between interest income and interest expense. Changes in levels of interest rates affect interest income and interest expense differently and, thus, impacts our net interest income. First Financial NorthwestThe Bank is generally liability-sensitive,currently liability sensitive, meaning our interest-bearing liabilities reprice at a faster rate than our interest-earning assets. The significant 150 basis point reduction in the targeted federal funds rate during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 resulted in a larger impact to our interest-earning assets than to our interest-bearing liabilities, thereby decreasing ourOur net interest margin to 3.15% for the year ended December 31, 2020, asdecreased compared to 3.19% for the year ended December 31, 2019. In addition, our netprior year. The average yield on interest-earning assets increased, primarily due to an increase in market interest margin was adversely impacted byrates. For the low loan yields fromsame reason, average cost of funds also increased, but at a faster pace than the PPP loan portfolio. The ongoing low interest rate environment is expected to continue to put downward pressureaverage yield on loan yields and the yields on other floating rate interest earning assets as well. Further, because the length of the COVID-19 pandemic and the efficacy of the extraordinary measures put in place to address its economic consequences are unknown, until the pandemic subsides, the Company expects its net interest income and net interest margin may be adversely affected in the near term, if not longer.
assets.
An offset to net interest income is the provision for loan losses, or the recapture of the provision for loan losses, that is required to establish the ALLL at a level that adequately provides for probable losses inherent in our loan portfolio.
As our loan portfolio increases, or due to an increase for probableexpected losses inherent in our loan portfolio, our ALLLACL may increase, resulting in a decrease to net interest income after the provision.provision for credit losses. Improvements in loan risk ratings, increases in property values, or receipt of recoveries of amounts previously charged off may partially or fully offset any required increase to ALLLACL due to loan growth or an increase in probableexpected loan losses. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we had a provision of $1.9 million as compared to2023, the Company recorded a recapture of provision of $300,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The provision was primarily the result of the downgrade in the loan risk ratingsamount of $61.0 million of loans, primarily loans receiving an additional COVID-19 related
payment deferral under the CARES Act combined with increases in probable loan losses for all loan categories in response to the economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, with higher potential impact allocated to commercial real estate and construction/land portfolios. The recapture of provision for loan losses in 2019 was primarily the result of a construction/land loan with a balance of $12.5 million at December 31, 2019, that was technically in default and classified as impaired, however, the Bank’s impairment analysis concluded there were no anticipated losses from the loan at that time, and therefore, funds previously allocated in the ALLL to this loan were recaptured. The construction portion of this loan was fully funded and completed in 2020, and was rolled into a permanent commercial real estate loan. At December 31, 2020, this loan was current on its payments and was performing according to the terms of the loan. We will continue to monitor our loan portfolio and make adjustments to our ALLL as we deem necessary.$208,000.
Noninterest income is generated from various loan or deposit fees, increases in the cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”), and revenue earned on our wealth management brokerage services. This incomeservices and is increased or partially offsetalso affected by any net gain or loss on sales of investment securities. Our noninterest income increased $301,000decreased $474,000 during the year ended December 31, 2020 as2023, compared to 2019. The increase was2022, primarily attributable to a $603,000 increase$495,000 decrease in loan related fees, partially offset by a $216,000 decrease in the wealth management revenue and a $65,000 decrease in net gain on sales of investments.prepayment penalties.
Our noninterest expenses consist primarily of salaries and employee benefits, professional fees, regulatory assessments, occupancy and equipment, and other general and administrative expenses. Salaries and employee benefits consist primarily of the salaries and wages paid to our employees, payroll taxes, expenses for retirement, and other employee benefits. OREO-related expenses consist primarily of maintenance and costs of utilities for the OREO inventory, market valuation adjustments, build-out expenses, gains and losses from OREO sales, legal fees, real estate taxes, and insurance related to the properties included in the OREO inventory. Professional fees include legal services, auditing and accounting services, computer support services, and other professional services in support of strategic plans. Occupancy and equipment expenses, which are the fixed and variable costs of buildings and equipment, consist primarily of lease expenses, real estate taxes, depreciation expenses, maintenance, and costs of utilities. Also included inWe have continued our effort to proactively control our expenses. As a result, our noninterest expense are changes to the Company’s unfunded commitment reserve which are reflected in general and administrative expenses. This unfunded commitment reserve expense can vary significantly each quarter, based on the amount believed by management to be sufficient to absorb estimated probable losses related to unfunded credit facilities, and reflects changes in the amounts that the Company has committed to fund but has not yet disbursed. Our noninterest expenses increased $2.1 million duringfor the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to 2019.2023 had little change from the year ended December 31, 2022. The slight increase of $41,000 in noninterest expense was primarily attributabledue to a $791,000$360,000 increase in regulatory assessments resulting from FDIC’s increasing deposit insurance assessment rate effective this year, a $304,000 increase in other general and administrative expense, due to a number of factors, including increased state/local taxes, business development efforts and deposit related expenses reflecting implementation of new deposit programs in the year, and a $179,000 increase in data processing expenses,processing. These increases were partially offset by a $525,000 increase in occupancy and equipment expenses, and a $444,000 increase$767,000 decrease in salaries and employee benefits.benefits due to several factors, including lower expenses from the replacement of the ESOP by the new profit-sharing plan, lower commission and loan direct cost offset expense resulting due to lower loan origination and a $51,000 decrease in consulting service expense which was part of professional services. Other changes in professional service fees were a $268,000 increase in other professional service expense, primarily resulted from a $419,000 expense related to the unsuccessful negotiation of a potential business combination with another financial institution during the second quarter of the year. This increase was offset by a $163,000 decrease in legal fees and a $106,000 decrease in audit/accounting services/examination fees.
COVID-19 Related Information
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Bank is committed to providing assistance to its customers. Under the CARES Act, the Bank is providing certain short-term loan modifications. In addition, the Bank is participating in the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) as a lender. Some of the PPP loans we originated were for our existing customers, however we also provided PPP loans to those in our community who have not had a banking relationship with us in the past. The initial deadline for PPP loan applications to the SBA was August 8, 2020. Under this program, we funded 462 applications totaling $52.1 million of loans in our market areas and began processing applications for loan forgiveness in the fourth quarter of 2020. As of December 31, 2020, we had received approval for forgiveness on 146 PPP loans totaling $11.2 million. At December 31, 2020, the Bank held 372 PPP loans totaling $41.3 million to qualifying businesses in its market areas, which included $434,000 of forgiven loans awaiting payments from the SBA. The CAA, 2021 renewed and extended the PPP until March 31, 2021, by authorizing an additional $284.5 billion for the program. As a result, in January 2021, the Bank began accepting and processing loan applications under this second PPP program. The SBA has recently released a simplified forgiveness process for PPP loans of $150,000 or less. At December 31, 2020the Bank held 307 PPP loans of $150,000 or less with a combined balance of $13.5 million. We will also continue working with our customers to assist them with accessing other borrowing options, including SBA and other government sponsored lending programs, as appropriate.
The CARES Act and related bank regulatory guidance provided that short-term modifications of loans as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, made on a good faith basis to borrowers who were current as defined under the CARES Act prior to any relief, are not TDRs. This includes short-term modifications (e.g. generally up to 6 months) such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. To qualify as an eligible loan under the CARES Act, as amended by the CAA, 2021, a loan modification must be (1) related to the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) executed on a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019; and (3) executed between March 1, 2020, and the earlier of (A) 60 days after the date of termination of the National Emergency by the President or (B) January 1, 2022.
The primary method of relief granted by the Company is to allow the borrower to defer their loan payments for three to six months. Certain borrowers are allowed to pay interest only or have payment deferrals for periods longer than six months depending upon their specific circumstances. Deferred principal and interest amounts are added as a balloon payment due at the original maturity date or payoff of the loan.
At December 31, 2020, total loans with modifications granted were $45.2 million, or 4.0% of total loans outstanding. At that date, $90.8 million of total loans receivable that previously received a loan modification had resumed making normal scheduled loan payments. As of December 31, 2020, $44.4 million in loans had been granted modifications of greater than six months, of which $30.5 million were for loans in the hotel/motel category. In addition, eight loans, totaling $14.2 million, had been granted a second, third, or fourth payment deferment period.
The following table shows the balance of loans remaining on COVID-19 payment deferral modification at December 31, 2020, in accordance with the CARES Act:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Balance of loans deferred 4 to 6 months | | Balance of loans deferred longer than 6 months | | Total deferrals | | Total loans 12/31/20 | | % of loans on deferral as of 12/31/20 |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential | | $ | 745 | | | $ | 1,027 | | | $ | 1,772 | | | $ | 381,960 | | | 0.5 | % |
| Multifamily | | — | | | 2,347 | | | 2,347 | | | 136,694 | | | 1.7 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Commercial: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Office | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 84,311 | | | — | % |
| Retail | | — | | | 3,972 | | | 3,972 | | | 114,117 | | | 3.5 | % |
| Mobile home park | | — | | | | | | | 28,094 | | | — | % |
| Hotel/motel | | — | | | 30,501 | | | 30,501 | | | 69,304 | | | 44.0 | % |
| Nursing home | | — | | | 6,368 | | | 6,368 | | | 12,868 | | | 49.5 | % |
| Warehouse | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 17,484 | | | — | % |
| Storage | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 33,671 | | | — | % |
| Other non-residential | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 25,416 | | | — | % |
| Total Commercial | | — | | | 40,841 | | | 40,841 | | | 385,265 | | | 10.6 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Construction/land | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 92,207 | | | — | % |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Business: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Aircraft | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 10,811 | | | — | % |
| SBA | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 928 | | | — | % |
| PPP | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 41,251 | | | — | % |
| Other business | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 27,673 | | | — | % |
| Total business | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 80,663 | | | — | % |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Consumer: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Classic/collectible auto | | — | | | 190 | | | 190 | | | 29,359 | | | 0.6 | % |
| Other consumer | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 11,262 | | | — | % |
| Total consumer | | — | | | 190 | | | 190 | | | 40,621 | | | 0.5 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Total loans with COVID-19 pandemic modifications | | $ | 745 | | | $ | 44,405 | | | $ | 45,150 | | | $ | 1,117,410 | | | 4.0 | % |
Total loans with modifications granted were $45.2 million, or 4.0% of total loans outstanding, at December 31, 2020, including $44.4 million in loans that had been granted modifications of greater than six months, of which $30.5 million were for loans in the hotel/motel category. Prior to their modifications, the loans included in the above table were current on their loan payments. The Bank is monitoring its loan portfolio for delinquencies of loans that have not requested modifications under the CARES Act.
Business Strategy
Our long-term business strategy is to operate and grow First Financial Northwestthe Bank as a well-capitalized and profitable community bank, offering one-to-four family residential, commercial and multifamily, construction/land, consumer and business loans along with a diversified array of deposit and other products and services to individuals and businesses in our market areas. We intend to accomplish this strategy by leveraging our established name and franchise, capital strength, and loan production capability by:
•Capitalizing on our intimate knowledge of our local communities to serve the convenience and needs of customers, and delivering a consistent, high-quality level of professional service;
•Offering competitive deposit rates and developing customer relationships to diversify our deposit mix, growing lower cost deposits, attracting new customers, and expanding our footprint in the geographical area we serve;
•Utilizing wholesale funding sources, including but not limited to FHLB advances and acquiring deposits in the national brokered certificate of deposit market, to assist with funding needs and interest rate risk management efforts, as needed;
•Managing our loan portfolio to minimize concentration risk and diversify the types of loans within the portfolio;
•Managing credit risk to minimize the risk of loss and interest rate risk to optimize our net interest margin; and
•Improving profitability through disciplined pricing, expense control and balance sheet management, while continuing to provide excellent customer service.
As noted above, one of the Bank’s strategic initiatives seek to diversify our loan portfolio and broaden growth opportunities consistent with its current risk tolerance levels and asset/liability objectives. The Bank has created an SBA department, with the goal of achieving SBA preferred lender status in 2021, which would provide the Bank with delegated loan approval as well as closing and most servicing and liquidation authority, enabling the Bank to make loan decisions more rapidly. In addition, the Bank plans to increase originations of the business loan portfolio, which may include business lines of credit, business term loans, equipment financing, and a focus on industry specific loans, such as green energy financing. In conjunction with the growth of business loans, the Bank seeks to service these customers with their business deposits as well.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Critical Accounting Policies
CriticalWe prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. In doing so, we have to make estimates and assumptions. Our critical accounting policiesestimates are those estimates that involve a significant judgmentslevel of uncertainty at the time the estimate was made, and assumptions by management andchanges in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period, or use of different estimates that we reasonably could have or couldused in the current period, would have a material impact on our incomefinancial condition or results of operations.Accordingly, actual results could differ materially from our estimates. We base our estimates on past experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the carrying value of our assets. The following arecircumstances, and we evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis. We have reviewed our critical accounting policies.estimates with the audit committee of our Board of Directors.
See Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a summary of significant accounting policies and the effect on our financial statements.
Allowance for LoanCredit Losses. Management recognizes that loancredit losses may occur over the life of a loan and that the ALLLACL must be maintained at a level necessary to absorb specificcover estimated credit losses over the life of an exposure. The ACL is an estimate of the expected credit losses on impairedfinancial assets measured at amortized cost using the relevant information about the past events, including historical credit loss experience on loans with similar risk characteristics, current conditions, and probable losses inherent inreasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the loan portfolio.collectability of the remaining cash flows over the contractual term of the financial assets. Our methodology for analyzing the ALLL consists ofACL comprises two components: the general allowance and the specific allowances.allowance. The general allowance is determined by applyingestablishes a reserve rate using historical life-of-loan default rates, current loan portfolio information, economic forecasts, and business cycle data. Statistical analysis determines life-of-loan default and loss rates for the quantitative component, while qualitative factors to our various groups of loans. Management considers factors such as charge-off history, the("Q-Factors") adjust expected loss rates for current and expected economic conditions, borrower’s ability to repay, the regulatory environment, competition, geographicforecasted conditions. The Q-Factor methodology involves a blend of quantitative analysis and loan type concentrations, policy and underwriting standards, nature and volume of the loan portfolio, management’s experience level, our loan review and grading systems, the value of underlying collateral, and the level of problem loans in assessing the ALLL.management judgment, reviewed quarterly. Specific allowances resultarise when management performsindividual loans exhibit unique risk characteristics, leading to an impairment analysis on a loan when it determines it is probableanalysis. If management believes that all contractual amounts ofscheduled principal and interest payments will not be fully paid, as scheduled. The analysis usually occurs when a loan has been classified as substandard or placed on nonaccrual status or is a TDR becauseand the borrower has been granted a rate concession. If the market value less costs to sell (“market value”) of the impaired loanrecorded investment is less than the recorded investment inmarket value of the loan, impairment is recognized by establishingcollateral, a specific reserve is established in the ALLLACL for the loan or by adjusting an existing reserve amount.loan. The amount of the specific reserve amount is computedcalculated using current appraisals, listed sales prices, and other available information less costsinformation. This analysis is subject to complete, if any, and costs to sell the property. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requiresinherent subjectivity, relying on estimates that are susceptible to significant revisionmay be revised as more information becomes available or as future events differ from predictions. In addition, specific reserves may be created upon a loan’s restructuring, based on a discounted cash flow analysis, comparing the present value of the anticipated repayments under the restructured terms to the outstanding principal balance of the loan.available.
Our Board of Directors’ Internal Asset Review Committee reviews and recommends for approval the allowance for loancredit losses on a quarterly basis, and any related provision or recapture of provision for loancredit losses, and the full Board of Directors approves the provision or recapture after considering the Committee’s recommendations. The allowance is increased by the provision for loancredit losses which is charged against current period earnings. When analysis of the loanloan/AFS investment portfolio warrants, the allowance is decreased and a recapture of provision of loancredit losses is included in current period earnings.
We believe that the ALLLACL is a critical accounting estimate because it is highly susceptible to change from period‑to‑period requiring management to make assumptions about probableexpected credit losses inherent inof the loan portfolio. The impact of ana large unexpected large loss could deplete the allowance and potentially require increased provisions to replenish the allowance, thereby reducing earnings. For additional information see Item 1A. “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Our Lending - Our allowance for loancredit losses may prove to be insufficient to absorb losses in our loan portfolio,” in this Form 10-K.
Valuation of OREO. Real estate properties acquired through foreclosure or by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure are recorded at fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is generally determined by management based on a number of factors, including third-party appraisals of fair value in an orderly sale. Accordingly, the valuation of OREO is subject to significant external and internal judgment. If the carrying value of the loan at the date a property is transferred into OREO exceeds the fair value less estimated costs to sell, the excess is charged to the ALLL. Management periodically reviews OREO values to determine whether the property continues to be carried at the lower of its recorded book value or fair value, net of estimated costs to sell. Any further decreases in the value of OREO are considered valuation adjustments and are charged to noninterest expense in the Consolidated Income Statements. Expenses and income from the maintenance and operations and any gains or losses from the sales of OREO are included in noninterest expense.
Deferred Taxes. Deferred tax assets arise from a variety of sources, the most significant being expenses recognized in our financial statements but disallowed in the tax return until the associated cash flow occurs, and write-downs in the value of assets for financial statement purposes that are not deductible for tax purposes until the asset is sold or deemed worthless.
When warranted, we record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that can be recognized in line with the relevant accounting standards. The level of deferred tax asset recognition is influenced by management’s assessment of our historic and future profitability profile. At each balance sheet date, existing assessments are reviewed and, if necessary, revised to reflect changed circumstances. In a situation where income is less than projected or recent losses have been incurred, the relevant accounting standards require convincing evidence that there will be sufficient future tax capacity. For additional information regarding our deferred taxes, see Note 12 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8.
Other-Than-Temporary Impairments on the Market Value of Investments. Declines in the fair value of available‑for‑sale or held-to-maturity investments below their cost that is deemed to be other-than-temporary results in a reduction in the carrying amount of such investments to their fair value. A charge to earnings and an establishment of a new cost basis for the investment is made. Unrealized investment losses are evaluated at least quarterly to determine whether such declines should be considered other-than-temporary and therefore be subject to immediate loss recognition. Although these evaluations involve significant judgment, an unrealized loss in the fair value of a debt security is generally deemed to be temporary when the fair value of the investment security is below the carrying value primarily due to changes in interest rates and there has not been significant deterioration in the financial condition of the issuer. Other factors that may be considered in determining whether a decline in the value of a debt security is other-than-temporary include ratings by recognized rating agencies; the extent and duration of an unrealized loss position; actions of commercial banks or other lenders relative to the continued extension of credit facilities to the issuer of the security; the financial condition, capital strength and near-term prospects of the issuer and recommendations of investment advisers or market analysts. Therefore, deterioration of market conditions could result in impairment losses recognized within the investment portfolio.
Fair Value. Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, establishes a hierarchical disclosure framework associated with the level of pricing observability utilized in measuring financial instruments at fair value. The degree of judgment utilized in measuring the fair value of financial instruments generally correlates to the level of pricing observability. Financial instruments with readily available active quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices generally will have a higher degree of pricing observability and a lesser degree of judgment utilized in measuring fair value. Conversely, financial instruments rarely traded or not quoted will generally have little or no pricing observability and a higher degree of judgment utilized in measuring fair value. Pricing observability is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument, whether the financial instrument is new to the market and not yet established and the characteristics specific to the transaction. See Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 for additional information about the level of pricing transparency associated with financial instruments carried at fair value.
Derivatives and Hedge Accounting. The Bank recognizes its interest rate swaps as cash flow hedge derivative instruments, and as such, reports the net fair value as an asset or liability. Fair value is based on dealer quotes, pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques for which the determination of fair value may require significant management judgment or estimation. The derivatives are marked to their fair value through other comprehensive income. The net gain or loss on derivatives is reclassified into earnings in the same income statement line item that is used to present the earnings effect of hedged items.
Intangible Assets. The Company incurred goodwill and a core deposit intangible asset through the Branch Acquisition during 2017. These assets were booked at fair value at the time of the acquisition. Goodwill is evaluated annually for
impairment, with any impairment recognized as noninterest expense. The core deposit intangible is amortized into noninterest expense.
Comparison of Financial Condition at December 31, 20202023 and December 31, 20192022
Assets. The following table details the changes in the composition of our assets at December 31, 20202023 from December 31, 2019.2022.
| | | | Balance at
December 31, 2020 | | Change from December 31, 2019 | | Percentage
Change | | Balance at
December 31, 2023 | | Balance at
December 31, 2022 | | $ Change | | %
Change |
| | | (Dollars in thousands) | | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Cash on hand and in banks | Cash on hand and in banks | $ | 7,995 | | | $ | (2,099) | | | (20.8) | % | Cash on hand and in banks | $ | 8,391 | | | $ | | $ | 7,722 | | | $ | | $ | 669 | | | 8.7 | | 8.7 | % |
| Interest-earning deposits | 72,494 | | | 59,598 | | | 462.1 | |
| Interest-earning deposits with banks | |
| Investments available-for-sale, at fair value | Investments available-for-sale, at fair value | 127,551 | | | (9,050) | | | (6.6) | |
| Investments held-to-maturity | 2,418 | | | 2,418 | | | n/a |
| Investments held-to-maturity, at amortized cost | |
| Loans receivable, net | Loans receivable, net | 1,100,582 | | | (7,880) | | | (0.7) | |
| FHLB stock, at cost | FHLB stock, at cost | 6,410 | | | (599) | | | (8.5) | |
| Accrued interest receivable | Accrued interest receivable | 5,508 | | | 1,370 | | | 33.1 | |
| Deferred tax assets, net | Deferred tax assets, net | 1,641 | | | 140 | | | 9.3 | |
| OREO | 454 | | | — | | | — | |
| Premises and equipment, net | Premises and equipment, net | 22,579 | | | 113 | | | 0.5 | |
| BOLI | BOLI | 33,034 | | | 1,052 | | | 3.3 | |
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | Prepaid expenses and other assets | 1,643 | | | (573) | | | (25.9) | |
| ROU | 3,647 | | | 1,438 | | | 65.1 | |
| Right of use asset (“ROU”), net | |
| Goodwill | Goodwill | 889 | | | — | | | — | |
| Core deposit intangible | 824 | | | (144) | | | (14.9) | |
| Core deposit intangible, net | |
| Total assets | Total assets | $ | 1,387,669 | | | $ | 45,784 | | | 3.4 | % | Total assets | $ | 1,505,082 | | | $ | | $ | 1,502,916 | | | $ | | $ | 2,166 | | | 0.1 | | 0.1 | % |
The $45.8$2.2 million increase in total assets during 20202023 was primarily a result $60.1of growth in our loan portfolio of $8.8 million, funded by growth in deposits, primarily retail certificates of deposit growth providing excess liquidity invested in interest-earning deposits.and principal repayments on our investment securities. Additional factors in our asset growth are described below.
Interest-earning deposits with banks. Our interest-earningInterest-earning deposits with banks, consisting primarily of funds held at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco,FRB, increased by $59.6$5.5 million to $72.5 million at December 31, 2020 from December 31, 2019. Loan repayments and deposit growth late2022 to December 31, 2023, primarily due to management’s electing to maintain additional on-balance sheet liquidity in 2020 resultedlight of the volatility in surplusthe banking industry. Excess funds held at the Federal Reserve at year end. We monitor the balance of these funds daily in relationwere deposited to our expectedinterest-earning accounts with banks and are readily available for our funding needs and will reinvest the excess in higher interest-earning assets in 2021.needs.
Investments available-for-sale. OurDuring 2023, investments available-for-sale decreased by $9.1$9.9 million, or 6.6%,primarily due to regularly scheduled principal payments on mortgage-backed securities. No investments securities were purchased during 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we had sales and maturities on $12.1 million of our securities, with an average yield of 2.88%. The sales of investments available-for-sale generated a net gain of $86,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020. The proceeds were partially reinvested in $13.4 million of investments with an expected yield of 3.34%. The decrease in the targeted federal funds rate in the second half of 2019 and first quarter of 2020 contributed to a decrease in the average yield on investment securities to 2.42% for 2020 from 3.11% in 2019. Securities purchased in 2020 included $7.9 million in fixed rate and $5.5 million in variable rate securities. In addition to the purchase and redemption activity, we received principal repayments of $12.8 million on our investments available-for-sale during 2020.2023.
The effective duration of our securities portfolio increaseddecreased slightly to 2.55%3.43% at December 31, 20202023, as compared to 2.54%3.65% at December 31, 2019.2022. Effective duration is a measure that attempts to quantifymeasures the anticipated percentage change in the value of an investment (or portfolio) in the event of a 100 basis point change in market yields. Since the Bank’s portfolio includes securities with embedded options (including call options on bonds and prepayment options on mortgage-backed securities), management believes that effective duration is an appropriate metric to use as a tool when analyzing the Bank’s investment securities portfolio, as effective duration incorporates assumptions relating to such embedded options, including changes in cash flow assumptions as interest rates change.
Loans receivable. Net loans receivable decreasedincreased by $7.9$8.8 million during 20202023 to $1.10$1.18 billion. During the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, one-to-four family loans increased $39.0 million, multifamily loans decreased $36.2increased $11.3 million and consumer loans, consistent with management’s strategy to increase the Bank’s portfolio of classic and collectible car loans, increased $7.6 million. Partially offsetting these increases were decreases in commercial real estate loans of $30.0 million, construction/land loans decreased $21.5of $16.7 million, and commercial real estate loans decreased $9.9 million. Partially offsetting these declines, business loans increased by $42.9 million, or 113.5% increase, as a result of PPP loans originated during the year. The Bank originated PPP loans to both new and existing customers, and held $41.3 million of these loans at December 31, 2020. In addition, consumer loans increased $10.4 million, or 34.5%, as the Bank increased its portfolio of classic or collectible car loans.$2.3 million.
During 2020,2023, we supplemented our loan originations and participations by purchasing $22.1$21.9 million in loans, which included $19.4including $19.8 million of performing classic orand collectible car loans. The loans, were purchased at an average premium of 3.6% and included $1.2$2.1 million of loans secured by commercial real estate property located in Connecticut, reflectingCRA qualified one-to-four family loans. These
out-of-state purchases reflect our efforts to geographically diversify our loan portfolio with loans meeting our investment and credit quality objectives.
During 2020, our nonperforming loans increased to $2.1 million atAt December 31, 2020 from $95,000 at December 31, 2019. as a result2023, the Bank had $220,000 of one $2.1 million multifamily loan that was placed on nonaccrual status during 2020. Foreclosure proceedings were started during 2020, but were subsequently placed on hold as the borrower has a purchase and sale agreement on the underlying collateralized property that is expected to close in March 2021. The Bank does not expect to incur a loss on this loan. Nonperformingloans. Nonaccrual loans as a percentpercentage of our total loans increased to 0.19%was 0.02% at both December 31, 2020, from 0.01% at December 31, 2019.2023 and 2022. Adversely classified loans, defined as substandard or below, increaseddecreased to $2.6$46.1 million at December 31, 2020,2023, from $629,000$47.2 million at December 31, 2019. 2022 due primarily to principal paydowns, partially offset by a downgrade of a $293,000 one-to-four family loan from special mention to substandard. All substandard loans at December 31, 2023, were considered collateral dependent and individually evaluated for a specific allowance. The Bank is monitoring these loans closely, all of which remain current on their payment obligations, and does not expect to incur any material losses.
The following table presents a breakdown of our nonperforming assets:nonaccrual loans at the dates indicated.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | | Amount of
Change | | Percent of
Change |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| | | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Nonperforming loans: | | | | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential | | $ | — | | | $ | 95 | | | $ | (95) | | | (100.0) | % |
| Multifamily | | 2,104 | | | — | | | 2,104 | | | 100.0 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total nonperforming loans | | 2,104 | | | 95 | | | 2,009 | | | 2,114.7 | |
| OREO | | 454 | | | 454 | | | — | | | — | |
| Total nonperforming assets | | $ | 2,558 | | | $ | 549 | | | $ | 2,009 | | | 365.9 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | | $
Change | | |
| | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Nonaccrual loans: | | | | | | | | |
| Consumer | | $ | 220 | | | $ | 193 | | | $ | 27 | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total nonaccrual loans | | $ | 220 | | | $ | 193 | | | $ | 27 | | | |
We continued to focusThe Bank did not foreclose on reducing our nonperforming assets through loan work outsany properties during either 2023 or pursuing foreclosure. Foregone interest during the year ended December 31, 2020 relating to nonperforming loans totaled $82,000.2022. There was no LIP related to nonperforming loans at December 31, 20202023 or 2019. OREO remained at $454,000 at both December 31, 2020, and 2019. We did not foreclose on any properties during either 2020 or 2019.2022. The stability inlevel of our nonperforming assets reflects the qualitymodest risk profile of our loan portfolio and our commitment to promptly identify any problem loans and take prompt actions to turn nonperforming assets into performing assets.
Allowance for loan and leasecredit losses. We believe that we use the best information available to establish the ALLL,ACL, and that the ALLLACL as of December 31, 20202023 was adequate to absorbcover the probable and inherentexpected credit losses in the loan portfolio at that date. While we believe the estimates and assumptions used in our determination of the adequacy of the allowanceACL are reasonable, there can be no assurance that such estimates and assumptions will not be proven incorrect in the future, or that the actual amount of future provisions will not exceed the amount of past provisions, or that any increased provisions that may be required will not adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. Future additions to the allowanceACL may become necessary based upon changing economic conditions, the level of problem loans, business conditions, credit concentrations, increased loan balances, or changes in the underlying collateral of the loan portfolio. In addition, the determination of the amount of our ALLLACL is subject to review by bank regulators as part of the routine examination process that which may result in the establishment of additional loss reserves or the charge-off of specific loans against established loss reserves based upon their judgment of information available to them at the time of their examination. Uncertainties relating to our ALLL are heightened as a result of the risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The ALLLACL was $15.2$15.3 million, or 1.36%1.28% of total loans receivable at December 31, 2020,2023 as compared to $13.2$15.2 million, or 1.18%1.29% of total loans receivable at December 31, 2019.2022. The following table details activity and information related to the ALLLACL for the years ended December 31, 20202023 and 2019.2022.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| At or For the Years Ended
December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
| ALLL balance at beginning of year | $ | 13,218 | | | $ | 13,347 | |
| Provision (recapture of provision) for loan losses | 1,900 | | | (300) | |
| Charge-offs | (2) | | | — | |
| Recoveries | 58 | | | 171 | |
| ALLL balance at end of year | $ | 15,174 | | | $ | 13,218 | |
| ALLL as a percent of total loans | 1.36 | % | | 1.18 | % |
| ALLL as a percent of nonperforming loans | 721.17 | % | | 13,913.68 | % |
| Total nonperforming loans | $ | 2,104 | | | $ | 95 | |
| Nonperforming loans as a percent of total loans | 0.19 | % | | 0.01 | % |
| Total loans receivable | $ | 1,117,410 | | | $ | 1,122,238 | |
| Total loans originated | 295,823 | | | 350,406 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| At or For the Years Ended
December 31, |
| | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
| ACL balance at beginning of year | $ | 15,227 | | | $ | 15,657 | |
| Adjustment for adoption of Topic 326 | 500 | | | — | |
| Recapture of provision for credit losses - loans | (400) | | | (400) | |
| Charge-offs | (22) | | | (37) | |
| Recoveries | 1 | | | 7 | |
| ACL balance at end of year | $ | 15,306 | | | $ | 15,227 | |
| | | |
| ACL as a percent of total loans | 1.28 | % | | 1.29 | % |
| ACL as a percent of nonaccrual loans | 6,957.27 | % | | 7,889.78 | % |
| Total nonaccrual loans | $ | 220 | | | $ | 193 | |
| Nonaccrual loans as a percent of total loans | 0.02 | % | | 0.02 | % |
| Total loans receivable | $ | 1,191,231 | | | $ | 1,182,310 | |
| Total loans originated | 181,156 | | | 271,403 | |
Intangible assets. As a result of ourthe Branch Acquisition in 2017, the Bankwe recognized goodwill of $889,000 and a core deposit intangible (“CDI”)CDI of $1.3 million. Goodwill was calculated as the excess purchase price of the branches over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at August 25, 2017. The Company performed an impairment analysis at December 31, 2020,2023, and determined that no impairment of goodwill and CDI existed. However, if adverse economic conditions or thea decrease in the Company’s stock price and market capitalization as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic were to be deemed sustained rather than temporary, it may significantly affect the fair value of our goodwill.
The CDI was provided by a third partythird-party valuation service and represents the fair value of the customer relationships that provide a low-cost source of funding. The analysis was performed on the acquired noninterest-bearing checking, interest-bearing checking, savings, and money market accounts. The initial ratio of CDI to the acquired balances of core deposits was 2.23%. This amount will amortizeis amortized into noninterest expense on an accelerated basis over ten years and had a balance of $824,000$419,000 at December 31, 2020.2023.
Deposits. During the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, deposits increased $60.1$24.1 million from December 31, 2019.2022. Details of deposit balances and their concentrations are as follows:
| | December 31, |
| 2020 | | 2019 |
| (Dollars in thousands) |
| December 31, | | | December 31, |
| 2023 | | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| (Dollars in thousands) | | | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Noninterest-bearing demand deposits | Noninterest-bearing demand deposits | $ | 91,285 | | | 8.3 | % | | $ | 52,849 | | | 5.1 | % | Noninterest-bearing demand deposits | $ | 100,899 | | | 8.4 | | 8.4 | % | | $ | 119,944 | | | 10.3 | | 10.3 | % |
| Interest-bearing demand | 108,182 | | | 9.9 | | | 65,897 | | | 6.4 | |
| Statement savings | 19,221 | | | 1.8 | | | 17,447 | | | 1.7 | |
| Interest-bearing demand deposits | |
| Savings | |
| Money market | Money market | 465,369 | | | 42.6 | | | 377,766 | | | 36.6 | |
| Certificates of deposit, retail | Certificates of deposit, retail | 409,576 | | | 37.4 | | | 425,103 | | | 41.1 | |
| Certificates of deposit, brokered | — | | | — | | | 94,472 | | | 9.1 | |
Brokered deposits (1) | |
| Total deposits | Total deposits | $ | 1,093,633 | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 1,033,534 | | | 100.0 | % | Total deposits | $ | 1,194,107 | | | 100.0 | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 1,170,040 | | | 100.0 | | 100.0 | % |
____________
(1) Brokered deposits at December 31, 2023 and 2022, were comprised of $95.2 million and $89.8 million of certificates of deposit, $25.1 million and $25.1 million of interest-bearing demand deposits, and $10.4 million and $10.0 million of money market deposits, respectively.
The $60.1 million growth in retail deposits during 20202023 was primarily the result of PPP disbursed funds remaining unusedattributed to a $94.6 million increase in borrower deposit accounts and due to organic deposit growth as we continued to focus on core deposit growth. Money market accounts grew by $87.6 million as the Bank competitively priced these products to increase these funding sources. In addition, interest-bearing demand accounts grew by $42.3 million and noninterest-bearing demand accounts grew by $38.4 million due in part to deposits related to PPP loans, as well as changes in customer spending habits as a result of COVID-19. Partially offsetting this growth,retail certificates of deposit decreased $15.5 million as management electeddue in large part to utilize liquidity gained from lower cost deposits to reduce its balances of higher cost certificates of deposit in a managed runoffpromotions of these funds.products during the year. The Bank’s strategic initiatives seek to diversify our loan portfolio and broaden growth opportunities within our current risk tolerance levels and asset/liability objectives. When retail deposit balances do not meet our funding needs, we utilize brokered deposits, the national deposit marketplace and other
wholesale funding sources. These funds are used to fund loan origination and support other operation needs. During 2020, growth2023, the Company increased its usage of brokered deposits, in retail deposits with our expanded branch network allowed the Bank to reduceparticular brokered certificates of deposit, as a sourcedue in large part to the stability of funds. In addition,such deposits. While the Bank exercised its call optionrates paid on $24.5brokered deposit are generally higher than retail deposits obtained through our branch network, brokered deposit customers do not have the ability to withdraw these deposits, making such deposits very valuable in times of volatility in the banking industry. With the turmoil in markets created by the failure of financial institutions in the first quarter of 2023, the industry’s focus on liquidity and stability of deposits increased materially. This was the primary factor that influenced the increase use of brokered deposits in 2023, with the average balance of brokered deposits increasing to $162.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, from an average balance of $41.6 million during 2022. The increases in retail and brokered certificates of deposit thereby reducing these brokered certificates of deposit to zero at December 31, 2020 from $94.4were partially offset by a $19.0 million at December 31, 2019. While brokered certificates of deposit may carrydecrease in noninterest-bearing deposits, a higher cost than our retail certificates, the Bank may utilize this source of funding$39.7 million decrease in the future due to the enhanced call features on some of theseinterest-bearing demand deposits, that assists usa $4.8 million decrease in our efforts to manage interest rate risk.savings and a $13.0 million in money market accounts.
At December 31, 20202023 and December 31, 2019,2022, we held $59.2$85.8 million and $34.0$61.0 million in public funds, respectively, of which $31.7$39.4 million and $20.1 million were retail certificates of deposit.deposits, respectively. These funds were secured at December 31, 2020 with the Washington State Public Deposit Protection Commission by $23.4.$26.5 million in pledged investment securities.
Advances. We use advances from the FHLB as an alternative funding source to manage interest rate risk, and to leverage our balance sheet. Totalsheet and to supplement our deposits. FHLB advances at December 31, 20202023 were $120.0$125.0 million as compared to $137.7$145.0 million at December 31, 2019.2022. At December 31, 2020,2023, our FHLB advances consisted of $60.0$25.0 million of fixed-rate three-month advances that renew quarterly, and $60.0$90.0 million of fixed-rate one-month advances that renew monthly, thatall of which are utilized in cash flow hedge agreements, as described below. At December 31, 2020, the Bank did not hold any purchased Fed Funds.below, and $10.0 million of overnight FHLB advances. The short-term natureavailability of our advances and overnight FHLB advances provides us flexibility to adjust the level of our borrowings as our customer deposit balancesfunding needs change, consistent with our asset/liability objectives. Our averageAverage borrowings during 20202023 were $125.4$127.3 million. At December 31, 2020,2023, all of our FHLB advances were due to mature in less than two months.
Cash Flow Hedge. To assist in managing interest rate risk, the Bank enteredenters into six interest rate swap agreements with qualified institutions designated as cash flow hedge instruments. On July 17, 2023, the Bank entered into two new interest rate swap agreements with qualified institutions. One agreement had a $15.0 million notional amount, a two-year maturity and a fixed rate of 4.57%. The second agreement had a $15.0 million notional amount, a three-year maturity and a fixed rate of 4.15%. On November 20, 2023, a $10.0 million notional swap with a four-year maturity and a fixed rate of 1.59% matured and was not replaced. As of December 31, 2023, the Bank had eight interest rate swap agreements. These agreements havehad an aggregate notional amount of $120.0$115.0 million, are for terms ranging from one to eight years with individual notional amounts ranging from $10.0 million to $50.0$15.0 million, a weighted-average remaining term of 3.0 years and a weighted-average fixed rate of 1.22%1.87%. The remaining maturity of these agreements is from 10eight months to seven5.8 years. In addition, the Bank entered into two forward-starting interest rate swap agreements with an effective date of October 25, 2021, notional amounts of $15.0 million and $10.0 million, for seven and eight years, respectively, and a weighted-average fixed rate of 0.80%.
Under the terms of the interest rate swap agreements, the Bank pays a fixed interest rate and in return receives an interest payment based on the corresponding LIBORSOFR index, which resets quarterly or monthly, depending on the hedge term. Concurrently, the Bank borrowed a fixed rate FHLB advance that will be renewed quarterly or monthly, as designated by the hedge agreement, at the fixed interest rate at that time. Effectiveness of the interest rate swap is evaluated quarterly with any ineffectiveness recognized as a gain or a loss on the income statement in noninterest income. A change in the fair value of the cash flow hedge created by the interest rate swap agreements is recognized as an other asset or other liability on the balance sheet with the tax-effected portion of the change included in other comprehensive income. At December 31, 2020,2023, we recognized a $2.8$7.6 million fair value liabilityasset as a result of the increase in market value of the interest rate swap agreements.
The Bank has confirmed our adherence to the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) 2020 IBOR Fallbacks Protocol (“Protocol”) to prepare for the cessation of LIBOR by the end of 2021. The Protocol provides a mechanism for parties to bilaterally amend their existing derivatives transactions to incorporate ISDA’s fallback terms, providing for a clear transition from Libor to SOFR.
Stockholders’ Equity. Total stockholders’ equity remained stable at $156.3increased to $161.7 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019.2023, from $160.4 million at December 31, 2022. Increases to stockholders’ equity for the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, included $8.6$6.3 million of net income and $1.6$605,000 in stock-based compensation recognized as additional paid-in-capital over the vesting periods of the stock awards. In addition, the exercise of stock options resulted in the issuance of 95,019 shares of common stock and a $1.0 million in net stock-based compensation. increase to additional paid-in capital.
These increases were more thanpartially offset by a $459,000 other comprehensive loss from the decrease in fair value of our derivative portfolio, partially offset by increases in value of our available-for-sale investments. These increases were further offset by a $395,000 net of tax adjustment to retained earnings resulting from the adoption of ASU 2016-13 and a $1.0 million decrease to additional paid-in-capital from the cancellation of $5.7 million for the repurchase of 544,62683,722 shares of stock at an average priceawards. In addition, shareholder cash dividends of $10.44$0.52 per share and $3.9 million in shareholder cash dividends. In addition, accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, decreasedwere paid during 2023, reducing retained earnings by $547,000 as a result of declines in the fair value of our derivatives and available-for-sale investments. Further, additional shares of common stock were issued from authorized shares due to restricted stock awards in 2020 totaling 28,548 shares, resulting in a decrease to additional paid-in-capital of $73,000.$4.8 million.
Comparison of Operating Results for the Years Ended December 31, 20202023 and December 31, 20192022
Net Interest Income. Net interest income in 20202023 was $40.5 million, a $1.6$7.8 million or 4.0% increase16.2% decrease from $38.9$48.4 million in 2019,2022, due primarily to an $5.1a $26.7 million decreaseincrease in interest expense partially offset by a $3.5outpacing the $18.9 million decreaseincrease in interest income. InterestThe increase in interest income decreased duringwas primarily due to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily as a result of the decreaseincrease in average yield ofon interest-earning assets to 4.36%5.44% for the year ended December 31, 20202023 from 4.88%4.33% for the year ended December 31, 2019,2022, primarily as a result of increases in market interest rates during the significant 150 basis point decrease in the targeted federal funds rate in March
2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic,year and the ongoing historically low interest rate environment putting downward pressure on adjustable rate instruments combined with the impactour deployment of the low loan yields of the PPP loan portfolio.excess liquidity into higher yielding assets. Average interest-earning assets increased $65.1$69.0 million, fully funded by a $36.1$83.5 million increase in average interest-bearing liabilities. The average cost of these funds decreasedinterest-bearing liabilities increased to 1.41%3.05% for the year ended December 31, 20202023 from 1.92%0.95% for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily2022, as a result of the lowerpersistently elevated short-term interest rate environment for much of 2020rates and an improvementthe change in the Company’s deposit mix. Specifically,In 2023, our average balances in lower cost interest bearingbalance of interest-bearing demand, savings, money market and noninterest-bearing deposits decreased $21.1 million, $3.2 million, $95.6 million and $15.4 million, respectively, contributing to the need to increase usage of brokered deposits and other funding alternatives. As a result, average balance of brokered deposits increased to $92.8$162.2 million in 2020 compared to $50.5at December 31, 2023 from an average balance of $41.6 million in 2019. In addition,at December 31, 2022. The average balances in noninterest bearing liabilities increased to $93.6 million from $63.7 million in 2019. These increases allowedbalance of the Company to reduce its higher cost brokeredretail certificates of deposit with average balances decliningincreased $69.4 million during 2023 compared to $30.5 million2022 due in 2020 from $134.0 millionlarge part to promotions of these products this year. As a result of our utilizing higher costing brokered deposits to meet our funding needs in 2019. Our interest-bearing liabilities reprice faster than our interest‑earning assets in response to changes in market interest rates, mitigating the four basis point reduction in2023, our net interest margin decreased to 3.15%2.82% for the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, from 3.19%3.53% for the year ended December 31, 2019.2022. For more information, see “ Asset“Asset and Liability Management and Market Risk.”
The following table compares average interest-earning asset balances, associated yields, and resulting changes in interest and dividend income for the years ended December 31, 20202023 and 2019:2022:
| | | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2023 | | 2022 | | Change in Interest and Dividend Income |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | Change in Interest and Dividend Income |
| | | Average
Balance | | Yield | | Average
Balance | | Yield | |
| | | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Loans receivable, net | Loans receivable, net | $ | 1,120,889 | | | 4.69 | % | | $ | 1,061,367 | | | 5.15 | % | | $ | (2,090) | |
| Investments available-for-sale | 131,272 | | | 2.42 | | | 139,354 | | | 3.11 | | | (1,156) | |
| Investments held-to-maturity | 2,312 | | | 0.99 | | | — | | | — | | | 23 | |
| Investments | |
| Interest-earning deposits | Interest-earning deposits | 25,108 | | | 0.21 | | | 13,634 | | | 2.15 | | | (241) | |
| FHLB stock | FHLB stock | 6,600 | | | 4.85 | | | 6,684 | | | 5.42 | | | (42) | |
| Total interest-earning assets | Total interest-earning assets | $ | 1,286,181 | | | 4.36 | % | | $ | 1,221,039 | | | 4.88 | % | | $ | (3,506) | |
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the $2.1 million decrease in loan2023, interest income was the result of a decreaseon net loans receivable increased $14.0 million due to increases in the average yield and, to a lesser extent, the average balance of loans. The average loan yield increased to 5.71% from 4.69% for the year ended December 31, 2020, from 5.15% for the prior year. Partially offsetting the decrease in yield,and the average balance of loans receivable increased $59.5$43.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 as2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. However, a large portion of this increase was the result of $52.1 million PPP2022, primarily due to loans originated during the year ended December 31, 2020. Prepayments of these loans or amounts forgiven by the SBA may increase the loan yieldrefinanced at higher rates or adjusted upward in periods of payoff with recognition of unamortized fees and costs. The impact to our loan yields is expected to cease completely after the payoff or maturity of these loans.this rising rate environment.
Interest income fromon investments available-for-sale decreased $1.2increased $2.9 million during 2020 primarily as2023, due to an increase in the average yield to 3.97% from 2.76% for the prior year and, to a result oflesser extent, a decrease$10.1 million increase in the average balance of our investments and a decrease in the average yield to 2.42% from 3.11% as approximately halfinvestments. Approximately 44% of our investment portfolio was comprised of variable rate securities which repriced during the lower interestrising rate environment existing throughout most of 2020. In addition, the average balance of these investments decreased $8.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to last year.during 2023.
Interest income on interest-earning deposits decreased $241,000increased $1.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily as2023 compared to the prior year, due to a result of a decrease378 basis point increase in the average yield to 0.21%5.06% for the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, from 2.15%1.28% for the year ended December 31, 2019, partially offset by an $11.52022 and, to a lesser extent, a $14.5 million increase in thetheir average balance of these deposits.balance.
The following table details average balances, cost of funds and the resulting increasechanges in interest expense for the years ended December 31, 20202023 and 2019:2022:
| | | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2023 | | 2022 | | Change in
Interest
Expense |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | Change in
Interest
Expense |
| | | Average
Balance | | Cost | | Average
Balance | | Cost | |
| | | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Interest-bearing demand accounts | Interest-bearing demand accounts | $ | 92,839 | | | 0.31 | % | | $ | 50,519 | | | 0.21 | % | | $ | 184 | |
| Statement savings accounts | 18,369 | | | 0.08 | | | 21,920 | | | 0.13 | | | (14) | |
| Savings accounts | |
| Money market accounts | Money market accounts | 415,190 | | | 0.84 | | | 329,008 | | | 1.53 | | | (1,530) | |
| Certificates of deposit, retail | Certificates of deposit, retail | 430,179 | | | 2.20 | | | 410,992 | | | 2.32 | | | (75) | |
| Certificates of deposit, brokered | 30,492 | | | 2.38 | | | 134,045 | | | 2.45 | | | (2,556) | |
| Advances from the FHLB | 125,392 | | | 1.31 | | | 129,899 | | | 2.09 | | | (1,076) | |
| Brokered deposits | |
| FHLB advances and other borrowings | |
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | Total interest-bearing liabilities | $ | 1,112,461 | | | 1.41 | % | | $ | 1,076,383 | | | 1.92 | % | | $ | (5,067) | |
Interest expense decreased $5.1increased $26.7 million to $15.6$37.6 million for the year ended December 31, 20202023 from $20.7$10.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.2022. The decrease in interest expense during 2020increase was primarily a result of the decreaseincrease in the average cost of interest-bearing deposits to 3.12% for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 0.87% for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily attributed to the rising rate environment in 2023.
Interest expense increased on all deposit categories other than savings during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. Increases were $535,000, $10.8 million, $7.1 million and $7.1 million for interest-bearing demand, money market, retail certificates of 48deposit and brokered deposits, respectively. Interest expense on interest-bearing demand accounts increased, primarily due to average cost increasing to 1.26% in 2023 as compared to 0.47% in 2022, partially offset by a $21.1 million reduction in average balance. Interest expense on money market accounts increased, primarily due a 228 basis points and thepoint increase in average cost, partially offset by a $95.6 million decrease in average balance. To compensate for the volume loss in interest-bearing demand and money market accounts, the Bank promoted their retail certificate of deposits and increased the utilization of brokered deposits as an alternative funding source in 2023. As a result, interest expense on both retail certificates of deposit and brokered deposits increased during 2023. Retail certificates of deposit had an average balance of $342.6 million and an average cost of our FHLB borrowings3.13% in 2023, compared to average balance of 78 basis points reflecting lower market interest rates. The cost of interest-bearing deposits decreased between the periods, as a combined result of the declining interest rate environment$273.2 million and an increase in lower-cost demand deposits. The average balances of interest-bearing deposits increased by $40.6 million although growth in our branch network allowed us to repay substantially all of our higher cost brokered certificate of deposit.
The average cost of our retail deposits decreased as a result of a lower interest rate environment and the improvement1.33% in the Company’s deposit mix noted earlier. Money market interest expense decreased by $1.5 million as a result of a 69 basis point decrease in the average cost of these funds partially offset by an $86.2 million increase in the average balance.2022. The cost of retail and brokered certificates of deposit decreased by 12 and 7 basis points, respectively, as maturing deposits repriced down in the lower interest rate environment that existed during the final three quarters of 2020. Our average balance of brokered certificates of deposit decreased by $103.6deposits increased $120.6 million during 2020 as reduced loan demand allowed these balances to be replaced by lower cost alternatives, including noninterest bearing and interest bearing demand accounts. Likewise, this growth in our lower cost demand deposits allowed the Bank to pay down certain FHLB advances, resulting in a $4.5 million decrease in the average balance of these borrowings for 2020. The average cost of FHLB advances declined 78 basis points between the years, resulting in borrowing interest expense decreasing by $1.1$162.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 as2023, compared to prior year.
Provision for Loan Losses. Our provision for loan losses was $1.9$41.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020,2022. The average cost of brokered deposits increased 240 basis points to 5.02% in 2023 from 2.62% in 2022.
Interest expense on FHLB advances and other borrowings increased $1.3 million in 2023 compared to 2022 due to combination of an 82 basis point increase in the average rate paid on advances and, to a recapturelesser extent, a $13.4 million increase in average balance. As a result of provisionthe interest rate hikes in 2023, the average cost of $300,000these advances increased to 2.52% for the year ended December 31, 2019, resulting2023, compared to 1.70% for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Provision for Credit Losses. We recorded a recapture of the provision for credit losses for loans of $400,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023. This recapture, combined with a $192,000 provision for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments resulted in ana net recapture of provision of $208,000 in 2023. We adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), effective January 1, 2023, which resulted in a net of tax charge of $395,000 to retained earnings and a $500,000 increase in the ALLLACL. This one-time adoption adjustment, combined with the $208,000 recapture of provision, resulted in a $79,000 increase in the ACL. The percentage of the ACL to total loans to 1.36%was 1.28% at December 31, 2020, from 1.18%2023, compared to 1.29% at December 31, 2019.2022. The recapture of provision for credit losses for loans in 20202023 was due primarily the resultto credit upgrades and payoffs of COVID-19 related adjustmentsloans carrying higher credit risk ratings, updates to qualitative economic factors considered in evaluating the ALLL against the probable losses inherentforecasts used for loans and unfunded commitments, changes in the loan portfolio along with reduction in loan grades on a portion of our commercial real estate portfolio, including $61.0 million in loans that were downgraded due in large part to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, any relationship that requested a COVID-19 related second loan payment deferral received additional scrutiny which resulted in some of these loans being downgraded. Higher adjustments were also made for our commercial real estatebalances, mix and construction/land portfolios to reflect the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic.characteristics and other factors.
In comparison,2022, we recorded a recapture of the provision for loan and lease losses of $400,000. Combining with a $34,000 recapture of provision for loan and lease losses on unfunded commitments, a $434,000 net recapture of provision for loan and lease losses was reflected in our financial statements. The recapture of provision in 2022 was primarily a result of $14.4 million of loans downgraded to substandard, resulting in these loans being removed from the calculation of the general allowance for
loan and lease losses and instead being individually analyzed for required specific reserve, which indicated no additional specific reserve was needed. Changes in the composition of our loan portfolio, with $90.7 million growth in lower risk one-to-four family residential loans and a decline in higher risk construction/land loans with over $20.0 million of these loans converting to permanent multifamily loans also contributed to the recapture of provision in 2019 was primarily the result of a construction/land loan with a balance of $12.5 million at December 31, 2019, that was in default and classified as impaired, however, the Bank’s impairment analysis concluded there were no anticipated losses from the loan at that time, and therefore funds previously allocated in the ALLL to this loan were recaptured. In addition, although total loans increased in 2019, the impact to the provision from this loan growth was offset by a shift in our loan concentrations to lower risk categories and a reduction in the historical risk loss factor related to the collateral on certain loan types.2022.
Noninterest Income. Noninterest income increased $301,000decreased $474,000 to $4.4$2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 20202023 from $4.1$3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.2022. The following table provides a detailed analysis of the changes in the components of noninterest income:
| | | | Year Ended
December 31, 2020 | | Change from
December 31, 2019 | | Percentage
Change | | Year Ended
December 31, 2023 | | Year Ended
December 31, 2022 | | $ Change | | %
Change |
| | | (Dollars in thousands) | | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Deposit related fees | $ | 755 | | | $ | 22 | | | 3.0 | % |
| Loan related fees | 1,947 | | | 603 | | | 44.9 | |
| Gain on sale of investments, net | Gain on sale of investments, net | 86 | | | (65) | | | (43.0) | | Gain on sale of investments, net | $ | — | | | $ | | $ | 27 | | | $ | | $ | (27) | | | (100.0) | | (100.0) | % |
| BOLI change in cash surrender value | BOLI change in cash surrender value | 982 | | | (12) | | | (1.2) | |
| Wealth management revenue | Wealth management revenue | 663 | | | (216) | | | (24.6) | |
| Deposit related fees | |
| Loan related fees | |
| Other | Other | 9 | | | (31) | | | (77.5) | |
| Total noninterest income | Total noninterest income | $ | 4,442 | | | $ | 301 | | | 7.3 | % | Total noninterest income | $ | 2,773 | | | $ | | $ | 3,247 | | | $ | | $ | (474) | | | (14.6) | | (14.6) | % |
The largest change to our noninterest income was the $603,000 increase ona $644,000 decrease in loan related fees primarily as a result of loan prepayment penalties that increased by $838,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. Partially offsetting this increase was a $233,000 decline in loan related interest rate swap servicing fees. The Bank has an interest rate swap program for commercial loan customers, under which the customer participates in an interest rate swap with a third party broker institution for which the Bank receives a fee that is recognized at the time the loan is originated. The decline in 2020 was2023, primarily due to a $495,000 decrease in fees collected on loan prepayments during the reduced customer demand for these interest rate swapsyear and a $94,000 decrease in 2020 comparedannual fees earned on business lines of credit (“LOC”) due to 2019.the timing difference in the receipt of such fees in the comparable periods.
Wealth management revenue decreased by $216,000$59,000 in 2020,2023. This decline was primarily asattributed to challenges in identifying and hiring a resultreplacement for a wealth advisor in our primary location, a goal that was successfully achieved in late 2023 with onboarding of a significant declinetenured senior wealth advisor. Additionally, our existing investor base skews toward an older demographic with a conservative, low-risk investing profile. The inclination of these clients toward cash and cash equivalents, which provides attractive returns with nominal commission expenses, has resulted in face-to-face meetings during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, reducing opportunities for additional income. This line of business assists the Bank with providing options to our customers to more fully support their financial needs. Total assets managed by our wealth management division decreased to $88.0 million at December 31, 2020, from $96.0 million at December 31, 2019.a slightly reduced revenue impact.
Our BOLI noninterest income remained stable with a slight decrease of $12,000increased $77,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020. We recognized the2023, primarily due to net $982,000 increaseincreases in cash surrender value of thesecertain policies as noninterest income, which assists in offsetting expenses for employee benefits.during the year of 2023.
The Bank sold certain available-for-sale securitiesOther noninterest income increased $159,000 during 2023 compared to the prior year, ended December 31, 2020, resulting in an $86,000 gain.primarily due to a $139,000 combined result of mark-to-market value adjustment and capital distributions from our fintech focused investment. In comparison, sales of investmentsaddition, merchant service fees increased $17,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019, resulted in a $151,000 gain. During 2020, selected securities were strategically sold, with the funds reinvested in securities and loans that were expected2023 compared to improve the Company’s total return on investments. These sales resulted in net gains at the time of sale and were impacted favorably in part by the Federal Reserve’s aggressive purchases of mortgage backed securities, which in turn resulted in more favorable pricing on securities sold in 2020.
Deposit related fees of $755,000 were recorded for the year ended December 31, 2020, a $22,000 increase over the prior year. As a result of our deposit growth and corresponding2022, primarily due to an increase in customer transactions,business account referrals to our transactional based fee revenue also increased.third-party card payment processing vendor.
Noninterest Expense. Noninterest expense increased $2.1 million$41,000, or 0.1% to $32.5$35.7 million for the year ended December 31, 20202023 from $30.4$35.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.2022. The following table provides a detailed analysis of the changes in the components of noninterest expense:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended
December 31, 2023 | | Year Ended
December 31, 2022 | | $ Change | | %
Change |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 20,366 | | | $ | 21,133 | | | $ | (767) | | | (3.6) | % |
| Occupancy and equipment | 4,748 | | | 4,776 | | | (28) | | | (0.6) | |
| Professional fees | 2,288 | | | 2,339 | | | (51) | | | (2.2) | |
| Data processing | 2,857 | | | 2,678 | | | 179 | | | 6.7 | |
| Regulatory assessments | 763 | | | 403 | | | 360 | | | 89.3 | |
| Insurance and bond premiums | 468 | | | 464 | | | 4 | | | 0.9 | |
| Marketing | 343 | | | 303 | | | 40 | | | 13.2 | |
| Other general and administrative | 3,833 | | | 3,529 | | | 304 | | | 8.6 | |
| Total noninterest expense | $ | 35,666 | | | $ | 35,625 | | | $ | 41 | | | 0.1 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended
December 31, 2020 | | Change from
December 31, 2019 | | Percentage
Change |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 20,039 | | | $ | 444 | | | 2.3 | % |
| Occupancy and equipment | 4,237 | | | 525 | | | 14.1 | |
| Professional fees | 1,707 | | | 17 | | | 1.0 | |
| Data processing | 2,822 | | | 791 | | | 38.9 | |
| OREO related expenses, net | 9 | | | (25) | | | (73.5) | |
| Regulatory assessments | 547 | | | 240 | | | 78.2 | |
| Insurance and bond premiums | 445 | | | 70 | | | 18.7 | |
| Marketing | 197 | | | (142) | | | (41.9) | |
| Other general and administrative | 2,510 | | | 175 | | | 7.5 | |
| Total noninterest expense | $ | 32,513 | | | $ | 2,095 | | | 6.9 | % |
The primary contributor to the increase in noninterest expense was our continued focus on product and branch expansion, including the implementation of a new online banking platform. For the year ended December 31, 2020, salary and employee benefits2023, regulatory assessments increased by $444,000 to $20.0 million due in part to a $1.3 million net increase from salaries, commissions and employees incentives reflecting in large part increased staffing at our new branches. Partially offsetting these increases, stock based compensation decreased $574,000, primarily due to the lower common stock price used to calculate the expense for ESOP shares allocated to employees for 2020. In addition, retirement benefit related expenses declined $184,000 from the prior year.
Occupancy and equipment expense increased $525,000 to $4.2 million during 2020 primarily$360,000 as a result of the addition ofFDIC increasing deposit insurance assessment rates by two new branch locations in 2020basis points effective this year. Other general and additional expenses relating to COVID-19 enhancements made throughout our branch network. Leaseadministrative expense increased by $185,000$304,000 due to a number of factors, including increased state/local taxes, business development efforts and depreciation expense increased by $178,000, primarily as a resultdeposit related expenses reflecting implementation of additional leasehold improvements and fixed assets related to opening the new branches.
deposit programs this year. Data processing expense increased by $791,000$179,000 primarily as a combined resultdue to the reclassification of increased loansome expenses to data processing from “Other general and deposit transaction volume, and the implementation of a new online banking platform, as discussed above.administrative”.
Regulatory assessments increasedThese increases were partially offset by $240,000 during 2020, as compared to 2019, as the application of $282,000a $767,000 decrease in FDIC small bank assessment credits reduced expensessalaries and employee benefits. The decrease in 2019. Partially offsetting these increases, marketing expenses decreased $142,000 during 2020,salaries and employee benefits primarily was due to a reduction$1.4 million decrease in sponsored eventsESOP expense resulting from the remaining unallocated shares under the ESOP being fully allocated during 2022, $815,000 decrease in incentive pay, as well as a $59,000 decrease in health insurance costs and a $52,000 decrease in expense related to the Pentegra pension plan, partially offset by an $804,000 increase in salaries and wages and $737,000 increase in expenses related to the profit-sharing program which replaced the ESOP in 2023. Additional changes within salary and benefits include a $325,000 decrease in commissions which was mostly offset by the $306,000 decrease in loan origination direct cost offset due to the stay-at-home orderslower loan originations, and other meeting limitations imposeda $178,000 increase in response401(k) matching contributions which was offset by a $178,000 increase in compensation expense related to the COVID-19 pandemic.grant of equity awards.
The $51,000 decrease in professional fees for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the prior year, was partially offset by the $40,000 increase in marketing expense, primarily attributed to our 100-year anniversary.
Federal Income Tax Expense. We recorded a $1.9$1.6 million federal income tax provision for 2020,2023, compared to $2.6$3.2 million for 2019.2022. The decrease in federal income tax provision for 20202023 was primarily the result of a $2.4$8.6 million decrease in pretax net income.
Average Balances, Interest and Average Yields/Cost
The following table presents information regarding average balances of assets and liabilities as well as interest income from average interest-earning assets and interest expense on average interest-bearing liabilities, resultant yields, interest rate spreads, net interest margins and the ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities. Average balances have been calculated using the average daily balances during the period. Interest and dividends are not reported on a tax equivalent basis.
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| 2023 | | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| | | Average Balance (1) | | Interest and Dividends | | Yield/Cost | | Average Balance (1) | | Interest and Dividends | | Yield/Cost | | Average Balance (1) | | Interest and Dividends | | Yield/Cost | | Average Balance (1) | | Interest and Dividends | | Yield/Cost | | Average Balance (1) | | Interest and Dividends | | Yield/Cost | | Average Balance (1) | | Interest and Dividends | | Yield/Cost |
| | | (Dollars in thousands) | | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Interest-earnings assets: | Interest-earnings assets: | | | | | | | | | |
| Loans receivable, net | Loans receivable, net | $ | 1,120,889 | | | $ | 52,546 | | | 4.69 | % | | $ | 1,061,367 | | | $ | 54,636 | | | 5.15 | % | | $ | 995,810 | | | $ | 51,127 | | | 5.13 | % |
| Investments available-for-sale | 131,272 | | | 3,173 | | | 2.42 | | | 139,354 | | | 4,329 | | | 3.11 | | | 141,100 | | | 4,126 | | | 2.92 | |
| Investments held-to-maturity | 2,312 | | | 23 | | | 0.99 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Loans receivable, net | |
| Loans receivable, net | | $ | 1,172,569 | | | $ | 66,938 | | | 5.71 | % | | $ | 1,128,835 | | | $ | 52,935 | | | 4.69 | % | | $ | 1,098,772 | | | $ | 50,170 | | | 4.57 | % |
Investments, taxable(2) | |
Investments, non-taxable(2) | |
| Interest-earning deposits | Interest-earning deposits | 25,108 | | | 52 | | | 0.21 | | | 13,634 | | | 293 | | | 2.15 | | | 11,628 | | | 202 | | | 1.74 | |
| FHLB stock | FHLB stock | 6,600 | | | 320 | | | 4.85 | | | 6,684 | | | 362 | | | 5.42 | | | 8,748 | | | 458 | | | 5.24 | |
| Total interest-earning assets | Total interest-earning assets | 1,286,181 | | | 56,114 | | | 4.36 | | | 1,221,039 | | | 59,620 | | | 4.88 | | | 1,157,286 | | | 55,913 | | | 4.83 | |
| Noninterest earning assets | Noninterest earning assets | 75,423 | | | 73,125 | | | 70,110 | | |
| Total average assets | Total average assets | $ | 1,361,604 | | | $ | 1,294,164 | | | $ | 1,227,396 | | |
| Total average assets | |
| Total average assets | |
| Interest-bearing liabilities: | |
| Interest-bearing liabilities: | |
| Interest-bearing liabilities: | Interest-bearing liabilities: | | | | | | |
| Interest-bearing demand accounts | Interest-bearing demand accounts | $ | 92,839 | | | $ | 292 | | | 0.31 | % | | $ | 50,519 | | | $ | 108 | | | 0.21 | % | | $ | 40,360 | | | $ | 79 | | | 0.20 | % |
| Statement savings accounts | 18,369 | | | 15 | | | 0.08 | | | 21,920 | | | 29 | | | 0.13 | | | 25,724 | | | 34 | | | 0.13 | |
| Interest-bearing demand accounts | |
| Interest-bearing demand accounts | | $ | 80,646 | | | $ | 1,013 | | | 1.26 | % | | $ | 101,744 | | | $ | 478 | | | 0.47 | % | | $ | 106,684 | | | $ | 90 | | | 0.08 | % |
| Savings accounts | |
| Money market accounts | Money market accounts | 415,190 | | | 3,497 | | | 0.84 | | | 329,008 | | | 5,027 | | | 1.53 | | | 326,075 | | | 3,550 | | | 1.09 | |
| Certificates of deposit, retail | Certificates of deposit, retail | 430,179 | | | 9,474 | | | 2.20 | | | 410,992 | | | 9,549 | | | 2.32 | | | 350,603 | | | 5,825 | | | 1.66 | |
| Certificates of deposit, brokered | 30,492 | | | 727 | | | 2.38 | | | 134,045 | | | 3,283 | | | 2.45 | | | 86,203 | | | 1,730 | | | 2.01 | |
| Brokered deposits | |
| Total deposits | Total deposits | 987,069 | | | 14,005 | | | 1.42 | | | 946,484 | | | 17,996 | | | 1.90 | | | 828,965 | | | 11,218 | | | 1.35 | |
| Advances from the FHLB and other borrowings | Advances from the FHLB and other borrowings | 125,392 | | | 1,640 | | | 1.31 | | | 129,899 | | | 2,716 | | | 2.09 | | | 183,667 | | | 3,520 | | | 1.92 | |
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | Total interest-bearing liabilities | 1,112,461 | | | 15,645 | | | 1.41 | | | 1,076,383 | | | 20,712 | | | 1.92 | | | 1,012,632 | | | 14,738 | | | 1.46 | |
| Noninterest bearing liabilities | Noninterest bearing liabilities | 93,556 | | | 63,689 | | | 63,619 | | |
| Average equity | Average equity | 155,587 | | | 154,092 | | | 151,145 | | |
| Average equity | |
| Average equity | |
| Total average liabilities and equity | |
| Total average liabilities and equity | |
| Total average liabilities and equity | Total average liabilities and equity | $ | 1,361,604 | | | $ | 1,294,164 | | | $ | 1,227,396 | | |
| Net interest income | Net interest income | | | $ | 40,469 | | | | | $ | 38,908 | | | | | $ | 41,175 | | |
| Net interest income | |
| Net interest income | |
| | Net interest margin | |
| | Net interest margin | |
| | | Net interest margin | Net interest margin | | 3.15 | % | | 3.19 | % | | 3.56 | % | | | | | 2.82 | % | | | | | | 3.53 | % | | | | | | 3.35 | % |
| Ratio of average interest- | Ratio of average interest- | |
| earning assets to average | earning assets to average | |
| earning assets to average | |
| earning assets to average | |
| interest-bearing liabilities | interest-bearing liabilities | | 115.62 | % | | 113.44 | % | | 114.28 | % | |
| interest-bearing liabilities | |
| interest-bearing liabilities | |
________________
(1) The average loans receivable, net balances include nonaccruingnonaccrual loans and deferred fees.fees (costs).
(2)Average balances of investments are based on fair value.
Yields Earned and Rates Paid
The following table presents the weighted-average yields earned on our assets and the weighted-average interest rates paid on our liabilities, together with theas well as our interest rate spread and net yield on interest-earning assetsinterest margin, at and liabilities, for the datesperiods indicated.
| | | | Weighted Average Yield at
December 31, 2020 | | Net Yield
Year Ended December 31, | | Weighted Average Yield/Rate at
December 31, 2023 | | Net Yield/Rate at and for the
Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| Yield on interest-earning assets: | Yield on interest-earning assets: | | | | | | | | Yield on interest-earning assets: | | | |
| Loans receivable, net �� | 4.27 | % | | 4.69 | % | | 5.15 | % | | 5.13 | % |
| Investments available-for-sale | 2.34 | | | 2.42 | | | 3.11 | | | 2.92 | |
| Investments held-to-maturity | 0.99 | | | 0.99 | | | n/a | | n/a |
| Loans receivable, net | | Loans receivable, net | 5.79 | % | | 5.71 | % | | 4.69 | % | | 4.57 | % |
| Investments, taxable | |
| Investments, non-taxable | |
| Interest-earning deposits | Interest-earning deposits | 0.10 | | | 0.21 | | | 2.15 | | | 1.74 | |
| FHLB stock | FHLB stock | — | | | 4.85 | | | 5.42 | | | 5.24 | |
| Total interest-earning assets | Total interest-earning assets | 3.83 | | | 4.36 | | | 4.88 | | | 4.83 | |
| Rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities: | Rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities: | |
| Interest-bearing demand accounts | Interest-bearing demand accounts | 0.14 | | | 0.31 | | | 0.21 | | | 0.20 | |
| Statement savings accounts | 0.04 | | | 0.08 | | | 0.13 | | | 0.13 | |
| Interest-bearing demand accounts | |
| Interest-bearing demand accounts | |
| Savings accounts | |
| Money market accounts | Money market accounts | 0.37 | | | 0.84 | | | 1.53 | | | 1.09 | |
| Certificates of deposit, retail | Certificates of deposit, retail | 2.01 | | | 2.20 | | | 2.32 | | | 1.66 | |
| Certificates of deposit, brokered | — | | | 2.38 | | | 2.45 | | | 2.01 | |
| Brokered deposits | |
| Total interest-bearing deposits | Total interest-bearing deposits | 1.01 | | | 1.42 | | | 1.90 | | | 1.35 | |
| Advances from the FHLB and other borrowings | Advances from the FHLB and other borrowings | 1.40 | | | 1.31 | | | 2.09 | | | 1.92 | |
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | Total interest-bearing liabilities | 1.05 | | | 1.41 | | | 1.92 | | | 1.46 | |
| Interest rate spread | Interest rate spread | 2.78 | | | 2.95 | | | 2.96 | | | 3.37 | |
| Net interest margin | Net interest margin | n/a | | 3.15 | | | 3.19 | | | 3.56 | |
Rate/Volume Analysis
The following table presents the effects of changing rates and volumes on our net interest income. Information is provided with respect to: (1) effects on interest income attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate); and (2) effects on interest income attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume). Changes in rate/volume are allocated proportionately to the changes in rate and volume.
| | | | Year Ended December 31, 2020 Compared to December 31, 2019 Change in Interest | | Year Ended December 31, 2019 Compared to December 31, 2018 Change in Interest | | Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to December 31, 2022 Change in Interest | | Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to December 31, 2021 Change in Interest |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | | Rate | | Volume | | Total | | Rate | | Volume | | Total | | Rate | | Volume | | Total | | Rate | | Volume | | Total |
| | | (In thousands) | | (In thousands) |
| Interest-earning assets: | Interest-earning assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | Interest-earning assets: | | | |
| Loans receivable, net | Loans receivable, net | $ | (5,154) | | | $ | 3,064 | | | $ | (2,090) | | | $ | 143 | | | $ | 3,366 | | | $ | 3,509 | |
| Investments available-for-sale | (905) | | | (251) | | | (1,156) | | | 254 | | | (51) | | | $ | 203 | |
| Investments held-to-maturity | 23 | | | — | | | 23 | | | — | | | — | | | $ | — | |
| Investments, taxable | |
| Investments, non-taxable | |
| Interest-earning deposits | Interest-earning deposits | (488) | | | 247 | | | (241) | | | 56 | | | 35 | | | $ | 91 | |
| FHLB stock | FHLB stock | (37) | | | (5) | | | (42) | | | 12 | | | (108) | | | $ | (96) | |
| Net change in interest income | Net change in interest income | (6,561) | | | 3,055 | | | (3,506) | | | 465 | | | 3,242 | | | 3,707 | |
| | Interest-bearing liabilities: | Interest-bearing liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest-bearing liabilities: | |
| Interest-bearing liabilities: | |
| Interest-bearing demand accounts | Interest-bearing demand accounts | 94 | | | 90 | | | 184 | | | 9 | | | 20 | | | 29 | |
| Statement savings accounts | (9) | | | (5) | | | (14) | | | — | | | (5) | | | $ | (5) | |
| Interest-bearing demand accounts | |
| Interest-bearing demand accounts | |
| Savings accounts | |
| Money market accounts | Money market accounts | (2,847) | | | 1,317 | | | (1,530) | | | 1,445 | | | 32 | | | $ | 1,477 | |
| Certificates of deposit, retail | Certificates of deposit, retail | (521) | | | 446 | | | (75) | | | 2,721 | | | 1,003 | | | $ | 3,724 | |
| Certificates of deposit, brokered | (20) | | | (2,536) | | | (2,556) | | | 593 | | | 960 | | | $ | 1,553 | |
| Advances from the FHLB | (982) | | | (94) | | | (1,076) | | | 226 | | | (1,030) | | | $ | (804) | |
| Brokered deposits | |
| Advances from FHLB and other borrowings | |
| Net change in interest expense | Net change in interest expense | (4,285) | | | (782) | | | (5,067) | | | 4,994 | | | 980 | | | 5,974 | |
| Net change in net interest income | Net change in net interest income | $ | (2,276) | | | $ | 3,837 | | | $ | 1,561 | | | $ | (4,529) | | | $ | 2,262 | | | $ | (2,267) | |
Asset and Liability Management and Market Risk
General. Our Board of Directors has approved an asset/liability management policy to guide management in maximizing interest rate spread by managing the differences in terms between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities while maintaining acceptable levels of liquidity, capital adequacy, interest rate risk, credit risk, and profitability. The policy established an Investment, Asset/Liability Committee (“ALCO”) comprisedIt is the responsibility of certain members of senior management and the Board of Directors. The Committee’s purpose isALCO to communicate, coordinate and manage our asset/liability position consistent with our business plan and Board-approved policies. The ALCO meets quarterly to review various areas including:
•economic conditions;
•interest rate outlook;
•asset/liability mix;
•interest rate risk sensitivity;
•current market opportunities to promote specific products;
•historical financial results;
•projected financial results; and
•capital position.
The CommitteeALCO also reviews current and projected liquidity needs. As part of its procedures, the CommitteeALCO regularly reviews interest rate risk by forecasting the impact that changes in interest rates may have on net interest income and the market value of portfolio equity, which is defined as the net present value of an institution’s existing assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet instruments and evaluating such impacts against the maximum potential change in the market value of portfolio equity that is authorized by the Board of Directors.
Our Risk When Interest Rates Change. The rates of interest we earn on assets and pay on liabilities generally are established contractually for a period of time. Market interest rates change over time. Our loans generally have longer maturities than our deposits. Accordingly, our results of operations, like those of other financial institutions, are impacted by
changes in interest rates and the interest rate sensitivity of our assets and liabilities. The risk associated with changes in interest rates and our ability to adapt to these changes is known as interest rate risk and is our most significant market risk.
We have utilized the following strategies in our efforts toTo effectively manage interest rate risk:risk, we have implemented the following strategies:
•we are originating shorter term, higher yielding loans, whenever possible;
•we have attempted, where possible,prioritize originating loans with shorter terms and higher yields whenever feasible. This approach helps to mitigate exposure to interest rate fluctuations.;
•we aim to increase the balances of non-maturity deposits with less rate sensitivity;sensitivity. This strategy provides stability and flexibility in managing interest rate risk.
•we have invested inour investment portfolio includes securities with relatively short average lives, generallytypically less than eight years;years. This ensures that the portfolio is responsive to changing interest rate conditions.
•we have added $20.3 million of adjustable-rate loans tointo our loan portfolio;portfolio. This diversification helps in adapting to changes in interest rates and managing overall risk.
•as a funding source, we have addedmay employ brokered certificates of deposit with a call option. This strategy provides flexibility in managing funding costs while incorporating an option as a funding source;to adjust based on market conditions; and
•we have utilizedemployed interest rate swaps to effectively fix the rate on $120.0$115.0 million of FHLB advances. This use of swaps helps us secure favorable interest rates on specific funding sources, contributing to interest rate risk management.
How We Measure the Risk of Interest Rate Changes. We monitor our interest rate sensitivity on a quarterly basis by measuring the impact of changes to net interest income in multiple rate environments. Management retains the services of a third partythird-party consultant with over 30 years of experience in asset-liability management to assist in its interest rate risk and asset-liability management. Management uses various assumptions to evaluate the sensitivity of our operations to changes in interest rates. Although management believes these assumptions are reasonable, the interest rate sensitivity of our assets and liabilities on net interest income and the market value of portfolio equity could vary substantially if different assumptions were used or actual results differ from these assumptions. Although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or periods of repricing, they may react differently to changes in market interest rates. The interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities may fluctuate in advance of changes in market interest rates, while interest rates on other types of assets and liabilities lag behind changes in market interest rates. Non-uniform changes and fluctuations in market interest rates across various maturities will also affect the results presented. In addition, certain assets, such as adjustable-rate mortgage loans, have features which restrict changes in interest rates on a short-term basis and over the life of the asset. Further, a portion of our adjustable-rate loans have interest rate floors below which the loan’s contractual interest rate may not adjust. Approximately 51.5%63.5% of our net loans were adjustable-rate loans at December 31, 2020.2023. At that date, $362.8$410.8 million, or 63.1%54.3%, of these loans with a weighted-average interest rate of 4.54%4.75% were at their floor interest rate. A portion of these loans are set to reprice at defined time intervals. Adjustable rate loans that are based on prime rate plus a specified margin recalculate each time the prime rate changes. When the floor rate is above a prime rate based loan’s fully indexed rate, the Bank will not receive the benefit of an increase in market rates until the prime rate increases enough where the fully indexed rate exceeds the loans floor rate. At December 31, 2023, the Bank’s net loans receivable included $128.9 million of prime based loans, all of which were priced above their floors at that date.
The inability of our loans to adjust downward can contribute to increased income in periods of declining interest rates. However, when loans are at their floors, there is a further risk that our interest income may not increase as rapidly as our cost of funds during periods of increasing interest rates. Further, in the event of a significant change in interest rates, prepayment and early withdrawal levels would likely deviate from those assumed. Finally, the ability of many borrowers to service their debt may decrease in the event of an interest rate increase. We consider all these factors in monitoring our interest rate exposure.
The assumptions we use are based upon a combination of proprietary and market data that reflect historical results and current market conditions. These assumptions relate to interest rates, prepayments, deposit decay rates and the market value of certain assets under the various interest rate scenarios. We use market data to determine prepayments and maturities of loans,
investments and borrowings and use our own assumptions on deposit decay rates except for time deposits. Time deposits are modeled to reprice to market rates upon their stated maturities. We also assume that non-maturity deposits can be maintained with rate adjustments not directly proportionate to the change in market interest rates, based upon our historical deposit decay rates, which are substantially lower than market decay rates. We have observed in the past that our deposit accounts during changing rate environments have relatively lower volatility and less than market rate changes. When interest rates rise, we do not have to raise interest rates proportionately on less rate sensitive accounts to retain these deposits. These assumptions are based upon our analysis of our customer base, competitive factors, and historical experience.
Our income simulation model examines changes in net interest income in scenarios where interest rates were assumed to remain at their base level, and instantaneously increase and decrease by 100, 200, 300 and 300 basis points or decline immediately by 100400 basis points. A decline by 200 and 300 basis points is not reported as the current targeted federal funds rate is between 0.00% and 0.25%.
The following table illustrates the estimated change in our net interest income over the next 12 months from December 31, 2020,2023, that would occur in the event of an immediate change in interest rates equally across all maturities, with no effect given to any steps that we might take to counter the effect of that interest rate movement. Net interest income would decline in year one under all four rising rate scenarios, with the larger the increase in the interest rate, the larger decline in net interest income.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest Rate Simulation Impact on Net Interest Income
for the year ended December 31, 2020 |
| Basis Point Change in Rates | | Net Interest Income | | % Change |
| (Dollars in thousands) |
| +300 | | $ | 43,333 | | | 4.33 | % |
| +200 | | 42,496 | | | 2.32 | |
| +100 | | 41,814 | | | 0.68 | |
| Base | | 41,533 | | | — | |
| (100) | | 41,698 | | | 0.40 | |
The following table illustrates the change in our net portfolio value (“NPV”) at December 31, 2020 that would occur in the event of an immediate change in interest rates equally across all maturities, with no effect given to any steps that we might take to counter the effect of that interest rate movement.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basis Point Change in Rates (1) | | Net Portfolio Value (2) | | Net Portfolio as % of Portfolio Value of Assets | | Market Value of Assets (6) |
| Amount | | $ Change (3) | | % Change | NPV Ratio (4) | | % Change (5) |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | | |
| +300 | | $ | 161,119 | | | $ | (14,063) | | | (8.03) | % | | 12.29 | % | | (1.01) | % | | $ | 1,310,550 | |
| +200 | | 166,000 | | | (9,182) | | | (5.24) | | | 12.41 | | | (0.66) | | | 1,337,494 | |
| +100 | | 171,637 | | | (3,545) | | | (2.02) | | | 12.56 | | | (0.25) | | | 1,366,620 | |
| Base | | 175,182 | | | — | | | — | | | 12.56 | | | — | | | 1,395,211 | |
| (100) | | 162,158 | | | (13,024) | | | (7.43) | | | 11.57 | | | (0.93) | | | 1,401,710 | |
__________
(1)No rates in the model are allowed to go below zero. Given the relatively low level of market interest rates, a calculation for a decrease of greater than 100 basis points has not been prepared.
(2)The net portfolio value is the difference between the present value of the discounted cash flows of assets and liabilities and represents the market value of the Company’s equity for any given interest rate scenario. Net portfolio value is useful for determining, on a market value basis, how equity changes in response to various interest rate scenarios. Large changes in net portfolio value reflect increased interest rate sensitivity and generally more volatile earnings streams.
(3)The increase or decrease in the estimated net portfolio value at the indicated interest rates compared to the net portfolio value assuming no change in interest rates.
(4)Net portfolio value divided by the market value of assets.
(5)The increase or decrease in the net portfolio value divided by the market value of assets.
(6)The market value of assets represents the value of assets under the various interest rate scenarios and reflects the sensitivity of those assets to interest rate changes. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest Rate Simulation Impact on Net Interest Income
for the year ended December 31, 2023 |
| Basis Point Change in Rates | | Net Interest Income | | % Change |
| (Dollars in thousands) |
| +400 | | $ | 35,094 | | | (11.26) | % |
| +300 | | 36,203 | | | (8.46) | |
| +200 | | 37,275 | | | (5.75) | |
| +100 | | 38,477 | | | (2.71) | |
| Base | | 39,547 | | | — | |
| (100) | | 40,391 | | | 2.13 | |
| (200) | | 42,593 | | | 7.70 | |
| (300) | | 41,606 | | | 5.21 | |
| (400) | | 41,874 | | | 5.88 | |
The net interest income and net portfolio value tablestable presented above areis predicated upon a stable balance sheet with no growth or change in asset or liability mix. In addition, the net portfolio value is based upon the present value of discounted cash flows using our estimates of current replacement rates to discount the cash flows. The effects of changes in interest rates in the net interest income table are based upon a cash flow simulation of our existing assets and liabilities and assuming that delinquency rates would not change as a result of changes in interest rates, although there can be no assurance that this will be the case. Delinquency rates may change when interest rates change as a result of changes in the loan portfolio mix, underwriting conditions, loan terms or changes in economic conditions that have a delayed effect on the portfolio. Even if interest rates change in the designated amounts, there can be no assurance that our assets and liabilities would perform as assumed. Also, a change in U.S. Treasury rates in the designated amounts accompanied by a change in the shape of the Treasury yield curve would cause changes to the net portfolio value and net interest income other than those indicated above.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We are required to have enough cash flow in order to maintain sufficient liquidity to ensure a safe and sound operation. We maintain cash flows above the minimum level believed to be adequate to meet the requirements of normal operations, including potential deposit outflows. On a daily basis, we review and update cash flow projections to ensure that adequate liquidity is maintained.
Our primary sources of funds are customer deposits, scheduled loan and investment repayments, including interest payments, maturing loans and investment securities, and advances from the FHLB. These funds, together with equity, are used to fund loans, acquire investment securitiesinvestments and other assets, and fund continuing operations. While maturities and the scheduled amortization of loans are a predictable source of funds, deposit flows and mortgage prepayments are greatly influenced by the level of interest rates, economic conditions and competition. We believe that our current liquidity position, and our forecasted operating results are sufficient to fund all of our existing commitments.
The COVID-19 pandemic may impact cash flow due to payment deferrals granted to borrowers who have been negatively impacted by the pandemic. To support the origination of PPP loans, the Federal Reserve Board authorized the Paycheck Protection Program Lending Facility (“PPPLF”) to supply liquidity to participating financial institutions through term financing on a non-recourse basis at a rate of 35 basis points, with PPP loans as collateral at face value. The maturity date of this extension of credit will equal the maturity date of the pledged PPP loan. While we currently do not intend to use the PPPLF, as we held a substantial cash and cash equivalent position as a result of PPP disbursed funds remaining unused in borrower deposit accounts and due to organic deposit growth, we do have this and additional borrowings available to us from the FRB.
Liquidity management is both a daily and long-term function of business management. Excess liquidity is generally invested in short-term investments such as overnight deposits or agency or mortgage-backed securities. On a longer term basis, we maintain a strategy of investing in various lending products as described in greater detail under Item 1. “Business – Lending Activities.” At December 31, 2020,2023, the undisbursed portion of construction LIP totaled $59.8$44.6 million and unused lines of credit were $34.8$39.1 million. In addition, we had commitments to originate loans of $6.0 million that includes a $3.9 million financial letter of credit. We use our sources of funds primarily to meet ongoing commitments, to pay maturing certificates of deposit and withdrawals on other deposit accounts, to fund loan commitments, and to maintain our portfolio of investment securities. Certificatesinvestments. Retail certificates of deposit and brokered certificates of deposit scheduled to mature in one year or less at December 31, 20202023, totaled $267.6 million.$257.0 million and $73.2 million, respectively. Management’s policy is to maintain deposit rates at levels that are competitive with other local financial institutions. Based on historical experience, we believe that a significant portion of maturing certificates of deposit will remain with First Financial Northwestthe Bank. As further funding sources,In addition, we had the ability at December 31, 20202023 to borrow an additional $494.4$326.3 million from the FHLB, $82.2based on our collateral capacity, $55.8 million from the FRB, and $75.0 million from unused lines of credit with other financial institutions to meet commitments and for liquidity purposes. See the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in Item 8 of this report for further details on our cash flow activities.
We measure our liquidity based on our ability to fund our assets and to meet liability obligations when they come due. Liquidity (and funding) risk occurs when funds cannot be raised at reasonable prices, or in a reasonable time frame, to meet our normal or unanticipated obligations. We regularly monitor the mix between our assets and our liabilities to manage our liquidity and funding requirements.
Our primary source of funds is our retail deposits. When retail deposits are not sufficient to provide the funds for our assets, or if other sources are available with more favorable rates or structure, we use alternative funding sources. These sources include, but are not limited to, advances from the FHLB, wholesale funding, brokered deposits, federal funds purchased, and dealer repurchase agreements, as well as other short-term alternatives. We may also liquidate assets, including but not limited to, meetselling investments at a loss, which could adversely impact our earnings and capital levels. During 2023, to supplement the decline in retail deposits resulting from the rising rate environment, we increased the utilization of brokered deposits as a funding needs.source. We may continue to utilize this type of funding to manage our liquidity position if desirable growth in retail deposits is not expected.
On a monthly basis, we estimate our liquidity sources and needs for the next twelve months. Also, we determine funding concentrations and our need for sources of funds other than deposits. This information is used by our Asset/Liability Management CommitteeALCO in forecasting funding needs and investing opportunities.
We incur capital expenditures on an ongoing basis to expand and improve our product offerings, enhance and modernize our technology infrastructure, and to introduce new technology-based products to compete effectively in our markets. We evaluate capital expenditure projects based on a variety of factors, including expected strategic impacts (such as forecasted impact on revenue growth, productivity, expenses, service levels and customer retention) and our expected return on investment. The amount of capital investment is influenced by, among other things, current and projected demand for our services and products, cash flow generated by operating activities, cash required for other purposes and regulatory considerations.
CapitalBased on our current capital allocation objectives, during fiscal 2024 we expect cash expenditures of $759,000 for capital investment in property, plant and equipment. In addition, we currently expect to continue our current practice of paying quarterly cash dividends on our common stock subject to our Board of Directors' discretion to modify or terminate this practice at any time and for any reason without prior notice. Our current quarterly common stock dividend rate is $0.13 per share, which we believe is a dividend rate per share which enables us to balance our multiple objectives of managing and investing in the Bank, and returning a substantial portion of our cash to our shareholders. Assuming continued payment during 2024 at this rate of $0.13 per share, our average total dividend paid each quarter would be approximately $1.2 million, based on the number of our current outstanding shares at December 31, 2023.
For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, we project that our fixed commitments will include (i) $845,000 of operating lease payments and (ii) other future obligations and accrued expenses of $21.5 million. At December 31, 2023, our $125.0 million in FHLB borrowings are all short-term and $115.0 million of our advances are tied to interest rate swap agreements and are expected to be renewed as they mature during 2024. We believe that our liquid assets combined with the available lines of credit provide adequate liquidity to meet our current financial obligations for at least the next 12 months.
Our total stockholders’ equity was $156.3$161.7 million at December 31, 2020.2023. Consistent with our goal to operate a sound and profitable financial organization we will actively seek to maintain the Bank as a “well capitalized” institution in accordance with regulatory standards. As of December 31, 2020, First Financial Northwest2023, the Bank exceeded all regulatory capital requirements. Regulatory capital
ratios for First Financial Northwestthe Bank were as follows as of December 31, 2020:2023: Total capital to risk-weighted assets was 15.57%16.15%; Tier 1 capital and Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets was 14.32%14.90%; and Tier 1 capital to total assets was 10.29%10.18%. At December 31, 2020, First Financial Northwest2023, the Bank met the financial ratios to be considered well-capitalized under the regulatory guidelines. See Item 1. “Business – How We Are Regulated – Regulation and Supervision of First Financial Northwest Bank – Capital Requirements.”
Commitments and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We are a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of our customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and the unused portions of lines of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated statements of financial condition. Commitments to extend credit and lines of credit are not recorded as an asset or liability by us until the instrument is exercised. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had no commitments to originate loans for sale.
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the loan agreement. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. We evaluate each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by us upon extension of credit, is based on our credit evaluation of the customer. The amount and type of collateral required varies, but may include real estate and income-producing commercial properties.
The following table summarizesAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI”) component of capital includes a variety of items, including the value of our outstanding commitmentsavailable-for-sale investment portfolio and the value of our derivative instruments, net of tax. We model various interest rate scenarios that could impact these elements of AOCI and believe that we have sufficient capital to advance additional amounts pursuant to outstanding lineswithstand the estimated potential fluctuations in a variety of credit, and to disburse funds related to our construction loans at December 31, 2020.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Amount of Commitment Expiration - Per Period |
| | Total Amounts Committed | | Through One Year | | After One Through Three Years | | After Three Through Five Years | | After Five Years |
| | (In thousands) |
| Commitments to originate loans | $ | 5,990 | | | $ | 2,090 | | | $ | 3,900 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| Unused portion of lines of credit | 34,820 | | | 11,445 | | | 1,794 | | | 4,573 | | | 17,008 | |
| Undisbursed portion of construction loans | 59,824 | | | 38,019 | | | 21,805 | | | — | | | — | |
| Total commitments | $ | 100,634 | | | $ | 51,554 | | | $ | 27,499 | | | $ | 4,573 | | | $ | 17,008 | |
First Financial Northwest is a separate legal entity from the Bank and must provide for its subsidiariesown liquidity. In addition to its own operating expenses, First Financial Northwest is responsible for paying for any stock repurchases, dividends declared to its stockholders and other general corporate expenses. Since First Financial Northwest is a holding company and does not conduct operations, its primary sources of liquidity are interest earned on interest-earning assets, principally interest-earning deposits, dividends up streamed from timethe Bank and borrowings from outside sources. Banking regulations may limit the amount of dividends that may be paid to time are involved in various claims and legal actions arisingFirst Financial Northwest by the Bank. See, Item 8. "Note 14: Regulatory Capital Requirements" in the ordinary courseaccompanying notes to consolidated financial statements and Item 1. “Business – How We Are Regulated – Regulation and Supervision of business. There are currently no matters that in the opinion of management would have a material adverse effect on First Financial Northwest’s consolidated financial position, results of operation or liquidity.Northwest Bank – Dividends” in this Form 10-K. At December 31, 2023, First Financial Northwest, on an unconsolidated basis, had $8.8 million in cash, noninterest-bearing deposits and liquid investments generally available for its cash needs.
We anticipate that we will continue to have sufficient funds and alternative funding sources to meet our current commitments.
The following table presents a summary of significant contractual obligations as of December 31, 2020, maturing as indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Less Than One Year | | One to Three Years | | Three to Five Years | | More Than Five Years | | Total |
| | (In thousands) |
Deposits (1) | $ | 951,688 | | | $ | 121,846 | | | $ | 20,111 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,093,645 | |
| Term debt | 120,000 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 120,000 | |
Other long-term liabilities (2) | 138 | | | 276 | | | 309 | | | 738 | | | 1,461 | |
| Lease commitments | 713 | | | 1,258 | | | 824 | | | 1,286 | | | 4,081 | |
| Total contractual obligations | $ | 1,072,539 | | | $ | 123,380 | | | $ | 21,244 | | | $ | 2,024 | | | $ | 1,219,187 | |
___________
(1)Deposit accounts with indeterminate maturities, such as noninterest bearing, interest-bearing demand, savings and money market accounts are reflected as obligations due in less than one year.
(2)Includes maximum payments related to employee benefit plans, assuming all future vesting conditions are met. Additional information about employee benefit plans is provided in Note 12 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this report.
Impact of Inflation
The Consolidated Financial Statements and related financial data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These principles generally require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation.
Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all the assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature. The primary impact of inflation is reflected in the increased cost of our operations. As a result, interest rates generally have a more significant impact on a financial institution’s performance than do general levels of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the same extent as the prices of goods and services. In a period of rapidly rising interest rates, the liquidity and maturity structures of our assets and liabilities are critical to the maintenance of acceptable performance levels.
The principal effect of inflation on earnings, as distinct from levels of interest rates, is in the area of noninterest expense. Expense items such as employee compensation, employee benefits, and occupancy and equipment costs may be subject to increases as a result of inflation. An additional effect of inflation is the possible increase in dollar value of the collateral securing loans that we have made. Our management is unable to determine the extent, if any, to which properties securing loans have appreciated in dollar value due to inflation.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The information contained under Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Asset and Liability Management and Market Risk” of this Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
| | | | | |
| | Page |
| | |
| Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Moss Adams LLP, Everett, Washington, PCAOB ID: 659) | |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020,2023, and 20192022 | |
Consolidated Income Statements for the Years Ended December 31, 2020,2023, and 20192022 | |
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2020,2023, and 20192022 | |
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2020,2023, and 20192023 | |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Forfor the Years Ended December 31, 2020,2023, and 20192022 | |
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | |
[Letterhead of Moss Adams LLP]
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To theThe Shareholders and Board of Directors of
First Financial Northwest, Inc., and Subsidiaries
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of First Financial Northwest, Inc., and Subsidiaries’Subsidiaries (the “Company”)Company) as of December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for credit losses effective January 1, 2023, due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326). The Company adopted the new credit loss standard using the modified retrospective approach such that prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable generally accepted accounting principles. The new credit loss standard is also communicated as a critical audit matter below.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”)(PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit MatterMatters
The critical audit mattermatters communicated below is a matterare matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that waswere communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit mattermatters below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit mattermatters or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.they relate.
Allowance for LoanCredit Losses
As described in Notes 1 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated allowance for loancredit losses balancefor loans was $15.2$15.3 million at December 31, 2020.2023. The allowance for loancredit losses is maintained to provide for specifican estimate of the expected credit losses on impairedfinancial assets measured at amortized cost using the relevant information about the past events, including historical credit loss experience on loans with similar risk characteristics, current conditions, and probable losses inherent inreasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the loan portfolio.collectability of the remaining cash flows over the contractual term of the financial assets. It is based upon the Company’s analysis of the factors underlying the quality of the loan portfolio. These factors include, among others, charge-off history, current economic conditions, borrowers’ ability to repay,forecasts, projected payment estimates, changes in the regulatory environment, competition, geographic and loan type concentrations, policy underwriting standards, nature and volume of the loan portfolio, management’s experience level, loan reviewoverall portfolio quality, and loan grading, andcertain other factors that may affect the value of underlying collateral.borrowers’ ability to pay.
We identified management’s risk ratings of loansestimation and the estimationapplication of qualitative factors and current economic forecasts, both of which are used in the overall allowance for loan losses calculation, as a critical audit matter. The Company uses credit quality indicators, including internally determined risk ratings, to classify loans into pools and to estimate inherent loss rates for each of the loan pools, which are used in the calculation of the allowance for credit losses on loans, as a critical audit matter. To estimate the allowance for credit losses, the Company determines the life of loan losses. Determination ofloss rates and analyzes qualitative factors that assess the risk ratings is inherently subjectivecurrent loan portfolio conditions and involves significant management judgement.the economic environment. The qualitative factors are used to estimate probable lossesadjust the expected loss rates for current and forecasted conditions that aremay not capturedbe fully provided for in the historical loss information. The Company has established a methodology for adjusting the previously determined expected loss rates and are based on management’s evaluationcurrent economic forecasts. The qualitative factor methodology is based on a blend of available internalquantitative analysis and external data and involves significant management judgement. Auditing management’s judgments regarding the determination of risk ratingsqualitative factors and qualitative factorscurrent economic forecasts applied to the allowance for loancredit losses involved a high degree of subjectivity.
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:
a.◦Obtained an understandingTesting the appropriateness of the designmethodology used in the calculation of the allowance for credit losses, as well as testing the completeness and implementation of internal controls over the accuracy of risk ratings of loans and the determinationdata used in the calculation, application of the qualitative factors and current economic forecasts determined by management and used in the calculation, and verifying calculations in the allowance for loan loss calculation.credit losses.
b.Tested a risk-based, targeted selection of loans to gain substantive evidence that the Company is appropriately risk rating these loans in accordance with its policies, and that the risk ratings for the loans are reasonable based on the current facts and circumstances.
c.◦ObtainedObtaining management’s analysis and supporting documentation related to the qualitative factors and testing whether the qualitative factors used in the calculation of the allowance for loancredit losses are supported by the supporting documentation provided by management.
◦TestedObtaining management’s analysis and supporting documentation related to the appropriateness ofcurrent economic forecasts, and testing whether the methodology and assumptionsforecasts used in the calculation of the allowance for loancredit losses evaluatingare reasonable and supportable based on the completeness and accuracy of the data used in the calculation, application of the risk ratings determinedanalysis provided by management and used in the calculation, application of the qualitative factors determined by management and used in the calculation, and recalculation of the allowance for loan losses balance.management.
/s/ Moss Adams LLP
Everett, Washington
March 12, 202113, 2024
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2009.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
| | | | December 31, | | December 31, |
| 2020 | | 2019 |
| 2023 | | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Assets | Assets | | | |
| Cash on hand and in banks | |
| Cash on hand and in banks | |
| Cash on hand and in banks | Cash on hand and in banks | $ | 7,995 | | | $ | 10,094 | |
| Interest-earning deposits with banks | Interest-earning deposits with banks | 72,494 | | | 12,896 | |
| Investments available-for-sale, at fair value | Investments available-for-sale, at fair value | 127,551 | | | 136,601 | |
| Investments held-to-maturity, at amortized cost | Investments held-to-maturity, at amortized cost | 2,418 | | | 0 | |
| Loans receivable, net of allowance of $15,174 and $13,218 | 1,100,582 | | | 1,108,462 | |
| Loans receivable, net of allowance of $15,306 and $15,227 | |
| Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock, at cost | Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock, at cost | 6,410 | | | 7,009 | |
| Accrued interest receivable | Accrued interest receivable | 5,508 | | | 4,138 | |
| Deferred tax assets, net | Deferred tax assets, net | 1,641 | | | 1,501 | |
| Other real estate owned (“OREO”) | 454 | | | 454 | |
| | Premises and equipment, net | |
| Premises and equipment, net | |
| Premises and equipment, net | Premises and equipment, net | 22,579 | | | 22,466 | |
| Bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) | Bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) | 33,034 | | | 31,982 | |
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | Prepaid expenses and other assets | 1,643 | | | 2,216 | |
| Right of use asset (“ROU”), net | Right of use asset (“ROU”), net | 3,647 | | | 2,209 | |
| Goodwill | Goodwill | 889 | | | 889 | |
| Core deposit intangible, net | Core deposit intangible, net | 824 | | | 968 | |
| Total assets | Total assets | $ | 1,387,669 | | | $ | 1,341,885 | |
| | Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | | | |
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | |
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | |
| Deposits | Deposits | |
| Deposits | |
| Deposits | |
| Noninterest-bearing deposits | |
| Noninterest-bearing deposits | |
| Noninterest-bearing deposits | Noninterest-bearing deposits | $ | 91,285 | | | $ | 52,849 | |
| Interest-bearing deposits | Interest-bearing deposits | 1,002,348 | | | 980,685 | |
| Total deposits | Total deposits | 1,093,633 | | | 1,033,534 | |
| FHLB advances | FHLB advances | 120,000 | | | 137,700 | |
| Advance payments from borrowers for taxes and insurance | Advance payments from borrowers for taxes and insurance | 2,498 | | | 2,921 | |
| Lease liability, net | Lease liability, net | 3,783 | | | 2,279 | |
| Accrued interest payable | Accrued interest payable | 211 | | | 285 | |
| Other liabilities | Other liabilities | 11,242 | | | 8,847 | |
| Total liabilities | Total liabilities | 1,231,367 | | | 1,185,566 | |
| | Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) | Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) | |
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) | |
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) | |
| Stockholders’ Equity | Stockholders’ Equity | | | |
| Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized 10,000,000 shares, 0 shares issued or outstanding | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Common stock, $0.01 par value; authorized 90,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 9,736,875 shares at December 31, 2020, and 10,252,953 shares at December 31, 2019 | 97 | | | 103 | |
| Stockholders’ Equity | |
| Stockholders’ Equity | |
| Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized 10,000,000 shares, no shares issued or outstanding | |
| Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized 10,000,000 shares, no shares issued or outstanding | |
| Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized 10,000,000 shares, no shares issued or outstanding | |
| Common stock, $0.01 par value; authorized 90,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 9,179,510 shares at December 31, 2023, and 9,127,595 shares at December 31, 2022 | |
| Additional paid-in capital | Additional paid-in capital | 82,095 | | | 87,370 | |
| Retained earnings, substantially restricted | Retained earnings, substantially restricted | 78,003 | | | 73,321 | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefit | (1,918) | | | (1,371) | |
| Unearned Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) shares | (1,975) | | | (3,104) | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax | |
| | Total stockholders’ equity | |
| Total stockholders’ equity | |
| Total stockholders’ equity | Total stockholders’ equity | $ | 156,302 | | | $ | 156,319 | |
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 1,387,669 | | | $ | 1,341,885 | |
See accompanying notesNotes to consolidated financial statements.Consolidated Financial Statements.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Income Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
| | | | Year Ended December 31, | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Interest income | Interest income | | | | Interest income | | | |
| Loans, including fees | Loans, including fees | $ | 52,546 | | | $ | 54,636 | |
| Investments available-for-sale | 3,173 | | | 4,329 | |
| Investments held-to-maturity | 23 | | | 0 | |
| Investments | |
| Interest-earning deposits | Interest-earning deposits | 52 | | | 293 | |
| Dividends on FHLB stock | Dividends on FHLB stock | 320 | | | 362 | |
| Total interest income | Total interest income | $ | 56,114 | | | $ | 59,620 | |
| Interest expense | Interest expense | | | |
| Deposits | Deposits | 14,005 | | | 17,996 | |
| FHLB advances | 1,640 | | | 2,716 | |
| Deposits | |
| Deposits | |
| FHLB advances and other borrowings | |
| Total interest expense | Total interest expense | $ | 15,645 | | | $ | 20,712 | |
| Net interest income | Net interest income | 40,469 | | | 38,908 | |
| Provision (recapture of provision) for loan losses | 1,900 | | | (300) | |
| Net interest income after provision (recapture of provision) for loan losses | $ | 38,569 | | | $ | 39,208 | |
| Recapture of provision for credit losses | |
| Net interest income after recapture of provision for credit losses | |
| Noninterest income | Noninterest income | | | |
| Net gain on sale of investments | Net gain on sale of investments | 86 | | | 151 | |
| Net gain on sale of investments | |
| Net gain on sale of investments | |
| BOLI income | BOLI income | 982 | | | 994 | |
| Wealth management revenue | 663 | | | 879 | |
| Wealth management revenue, net | |
| Deposit related fees | Deposit related fees | 755 | | | 733 | |
| Loan related fees | Loan related fees | 1,947 | | | 1,344 | |
| Other | Other | 9 | | | 40 | |
| Total noninterest income | Total noninterest income | $ | 4,442 | | | $ | 4,141 | |
| Noninterest expense | Noninterest expense | | | |
| Salaries and employee benefits | Salaries and employee benefits | 20,039 | | | 19,595 | |
| Salaries and employee benefits | |
| Salaries and employee benefits | |
| Occupancy and equipment | Occupancy and equipment | 4,237 | | | 3,712 | |
| Professional fees | Professional fees | 1,707 | | | 1,690 | |
| Data processing | Data processing | 2,822 | | | 2,031 | |
| OREO related expenses, net | 9 | | | 34 | |
| Regulatory assessments | Regulatory assessments | 547 | | | 307 | |
| Insurance and bond premiums | Insurance and bond premiums | 445 | | | 375 | |
| | Marketing | Marketing | 197 | | | 339 | |
| Marketing | |
| Marketing | |
| | Other general and administrative | |
| Other general and administrative | |
| Other general and administrative | Other general and administrative | 2,510 | | | 2,335 | |
| Total noninterest expense | Total noninterest expense | $ | 32,513 | | | $ | 30,418 | |
| Income before provision for federal income taxes | Income before provision for federal income taxes | 10,498 | | | 12,931 | |
| Federal income tax provision | Federal income tax provision | 1,942 | | | 2,562 | |
| Net income | Net income | $ | 8,556 | | | $ | 10,369 | |
| | Basic earnings per common share | Basic earnings per common share | $ | 0.88 | | | $ | 1.04 | |
| Basic earnings per common share | |
| Basic earnings per common share | |
| Diluted earnings per common share | Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 0.88 | | | $ | 1.03 | |
| Basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding | Basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding | 9,734,493 | | 9,976,056 | Basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding | 9,126,209 | | 9,006,369 |
| Diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding | Diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding | 9,758,644 | | 10,075,906 | Diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding | 9,152,617 | | 9,102,283 |
See accompanying notesNotes to consolidated financial statements.Consolidated Financial Statements.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| | (In thousands) |
| Net income | | $ | 8,556 | | | $ | 10,369 | |
| Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax: | | | | |
| Unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale securities | | 2,645 | | | 2,504 | |
| Tax provision | | (556) | | | (526) | |
| Reclassification adjustment for net gains realized in income | | (86) | | | (151) | |
| Tax benefit | | 18 | | | 32 | |
| Losses on cash flow hedges | | (3,251) | | | (1,237) | |
| Tax benefit | | 683 | | | 260 | |
| Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax | | $ | (547) | | | $ | 882 | |
| Total comprehensive income | | $ | 8,009 | | | $ | 11,251 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | |
| Net income | | $ | 6,305 | | | $ | 13,240 | |
| Other comprehensive loss, net of tax: | | | | |
| Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities | | 2,340 | | | (18,319) | |
| Tax effect | | (492) | | | 3,847 | |
| Reclassification adjustment for net gains realized in income | | — | | | (27) | |
| Tax effect | | — | | | 6 | |
| (Losses) gains on cash flow hedges | | (2,920) | | | 8,994 | |
| Tax effect | | 613 | | | (1,889) | |
| Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | | (459) | | | (7,388) | |
| Total comprehensive income | | $ | 5,846 | | | $ | 5,852 | |
See accompanying notesNotes to consolidated financial statements.Consolidated Financial Statements.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(In thousands, except share data)
| | | | Shares | | Common
Stock | | Additional
Paid-in
Capital | | Retained
Earnings | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, net of tax | | Unearned
ESOP
Shares | | Total
Stockholders’ Equity | | Shares | | Common
Stock | | Additional
Paid-in
Capital | | Retained
Earnings | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss), net of tax | | Unearned
Employee
Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) | | Total
Stockholders’ Equity |
| Balances at December 31, 2018 | 10,710,656 | | | $ | 107 | | | $ | 93,773 | | | $ | 66,343 | | | $ | (2,253) | | | $ | (4,232) | | | $ | 153,738 | |
| Balances at December 31, 2021 | |
| Net income | Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | 10,369 | | | — | | | — | | | 10,369 | |
| Other comprehensive income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 882 | | | — | | | 882 | |
| Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | |
| Exercise of stock options | Exercise of stock options | 2,000 | | | 0 | | | 21 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 21 | |
| Issuance of common stock - restricted stock awards, net | Issuance of common stock - restricted stock awards, net | 25,278 | | | 0 | | | (93) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (93) | |
| Compensation related to stock options and restricted stock awards | Compensation related to stock options and restricted stock awards | — | | | — | | | 501 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 501 | |
| Allocation of 112,853 ESOP shares | — | | | — | | | 570 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,128 | | | 1,698 | |
| Allocation of 84,640 ESOP shares | |
| Repurchase and retirement of common stock | Repurchase and retirement of common stock | (479,052) | | | (4) | | | (7,402) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (7,406) | |
| Canceled common stock - restricted stock awards | Canceled common stock - restricted stock awards | (5,929) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 0 | |
| Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.35 per share) | — | | | — | | | — | | | (3,478) | | | — | | | — | | | (3,478) | |
| Beginning balance adjustment from adoption of Topic 842 | — | | | — | | | — | | | 87 | | | — | | | — | | | 87 | |
| Balances at December 31, 2019 | 10,252,953 | | | 103 | | | 87,370 | | | 73,321 | | | (1,371) | | | (3,104) | | | 156,319 | |
| Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.48 per share) | |
| | Balances at December 31, 2022 | |
| Balances at December 31, 2022 | |
| Balances at December 31, 2022 | |
| Net income | Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | 8,556 | | | — | | | — | | | 8,556 | |
| Other comprehensive loss | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (547) | | | — | | | (547) | |
| | Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | |
| Exercise of stock options | |
| Issuance of common stock - restricted stock awards, net | Issuance of common stock - restricted stock awards, net | 33,923 | | | — | | | (73) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (73) | |
| Compensation related to stock options and restricted stock awards | Compensation related to stock options and restricted stock awards | — | | | — | | | 427 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 427 | |
| Allocation of 112,854 ESOP shares | — | | | — | | | 71 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,129 | | | 1,200 | |
| Repurchase and retirement of common stock | (544,626) | | | (6) | | | (5,700) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (5,706) | |
| Canceled common stock - restricted stock awards | (5,375) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 0 | |
| Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.40 per share) | — | | | — | | | — | | | (3,874) | | | — | | | — | | | (3,874) | |
| | Balances at December 31, 2020 | 9,736,875 | | | $ | 97 | | | $ | 82,095 | | | $ | 78,003 | | | $ | (1,918) | | | $ | (1,975) | | | $ | 156,302 | |
| | Canceled common stock - stock awards | |
| | Canceled common stock - stock awards | |
| | Canceled common stock - stock awards | |
| Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.52 per share) | |
| Adjustment to beginning retained earnings, net of tax - adoption of ASU 2016-13 | |
| Balances at December 31, 2023 | |
See accompanying notesNotes to consolidated financial statements.Consolidated Financial Statements.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Cash flows from operating activities: | | | |
| Net income | $ | 8,556 | | | $ | 10,369 | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities | | | |
| Provision (recapture of provision) for loan losses | 1,900 | | | (300) | |
| OREO market value adjustments | 0 | | | 29 | |
| | | |
| Net amortization of premiums and discounts on investments | 767 | | | 835 | |
| Gain on sale of investments available-for-sale | (86) | | | (151) | |
| Depreciation of premises and equipment | 2,170 | | | 1,840 | |
| Loss on sale of premises and equipment | 0 | | | 5 | |
| Decrease in deferred federal income taxes | 5 | | | 109 | |
| Allocation of ESOP shares | 1,200 | | | 1,698 | |
| Stock compensation expense | 427 | | | 501 | |
| Increase in cash surrender value of BOLI | (982) | | | (994) | |
| Annuity income | (43) | | | 0 | |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | |
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | 291 | | | 153 | |
| Right of use asset | 678 | | | 553 | |
| Advance payments from borrowers for taxes and insurance | (423) | | | (12) | |
| Accrued interest receivable | (1,370) | | | (70) | |
| Lease liability | (612) | | | (483) | |
| Accrued interest payable | (74) | | | (193) | |
| Other liabilities | (430) | | | (809) | |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 11,974 | | | 13,080 | |
| Cash flows from investing activities: | | | |
| Proceeds from sales and call of investments | 12,082 | | | 14,260 | |
| Principal repayments on investments | 12,809 | | | 7,395 | |
| Purchases of investments available-for-sale | (13,963) | | | (14,417) | |
| Purchases of investments held-to-maturity | (2,375) | | | 0 | |
| Net decrease (increase) in loans receivable | 5,980 | | | (85,258) | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Purchases of premises and equipment | (2,283) | | | (2,980) | |
| Redemption of FHLB stock | 599 | | | 301 | |
| Proceeds from BOLI | 0 | | | 310 | |
| Purchase of BOLI | (70) | | | (1,457) | |
| | | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 12,779 | | | (81,846) | |
| Cash flows from financing activities: | | | |
| Net increase in deposits | 60,099 | | | 94,502 | |
| Advances from the FHLB | 267,000 | | | 350,200 | |
| Repayments of advances from the FHLB | (284,700) | | | (359,000) | |
| Proceeds from stock options exercises | 0 | | | 21 | |
| Net share settlement of stock awards | (73) | | | (93) | |
| Repurchase and retirement of common stock | (5,706) | | | (7,406) | |
| Dividends paid | (3,874) | | | (3,478) | |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | 32,746 | | | $ | 74,746 | |
continued | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Cash flows from operating activities: | | | |
| Net income | $ | 6,305 | | | $ | 13,240 | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities | | | |
| Recapture of provision for credit losses | (208) | | | (434) | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Net amortization of premiums and discounts on investments | 534 | | | 720 | |
| Gain on sale of investments available-for-sale | — | | | (27) | |
| Depreciation of premises and equipment | 2,028 | | | 2,153 | |
| Loss on disposal of premises and equipment | 4 | | | 1 | |
| Deferred federal income taxes | 175 | | | 217 | |
| Allocation of ESOP shares | — | | | 1,372 | |
| Stock compensation expense | 605 | | | 770 | |
| BOLI income | (1,081) | | | (1,004) | |
| Annuity income | (12) | | | (10) | |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | |
| (Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets | (790) | | | 279 | |
| Decrease in lease ROU asset | 766 | | | 739 | |
| (Decrease) increase in advance payments from borrowers for taxes and insurance | (99) | | | 142 | |
| Increase in accrued interest receivable | (846) | | | (1,228) | |
| Decrease in lease liability | (756) | | | (719) | |
| Increase in accrued interest payable | 2,411 | | | 216 | |
| (Decrease) increase in other liabilities | (4,865) | | | 11,565 | |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 4,171 | | | 27,992 | |
| Cash flows from investing activities: | | | |
| Proceeds from sales and call of investments | — | | | 11,089 | |
| Principal repayments on investments | 11,669 | | | 16,729 | |
| Purchases of investments available-for-sale | — | | | (95,687) | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Net increase in loans receivable | (9,134) | | | (63,222) | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Purchases of premises and equipment | (507) | | | (906) | |
| Sale (purchase) of FHLB stock | 985 | | | (2,047) | |
| | | |
| Purchase of BOLI | (286) | | | (72) | |
| | | |
| Net cash provided (used) by investing activities | 2,727 | | | (134,116) | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 57,499 | | | $ | 5,980 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 22,990 | | | 17,010 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | 80,489 | | | $ | 22,990 | |
| | | |
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | | | |
| Cash paid during the period for: | | | |
| Interest | $ | 15,720 | | | $ | 21,383 | |
| Federal income taxes | 1,655 | | | 2,175 | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Noncash transactions: | | | |
| | | |
| Change in unrealized gain on investments available-for-sale | 2,559 | | | 2,353 | |
| Change in unrealized losses on cash flow hedge | (3,251) | | | (1,237) | |
| Initial recognition of right-of-use asset for new leases | 2,116 | | | 2,762 | |
| Initial recognition of lease liability for new leases | 2,116 | | | 2,762 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Continued) |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| 2023 | | 2022 |
| Cash flows from financing activities: | | | |
| Net increase in deposits | 24,067 | | | 12,566 | |
| Advances from the FHLB | 189,000 | | | 196,000 | |
| Repayments of advances from the FHLB | (209,000) | | | (146,000) | |
| Proceeds from stock options exercises | 1,023 | | | 454 | |
| Net share settlement of stock awards | (1,016) | | | (226) | |
| Repurchase and retirement of common stock | — | | | (1,398) | |
| Dividends paid | (4,763) | | | (4,343) | |
| Net cash (used) provided by financing activities | $ | (689) | | | $ | 57,053 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 6,209 | | | $ | (49,071) | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 24,320 | | | 73,391 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | 30,529 | | | $ | 24,320 | |
| | | |
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | | | |
| Cash paid during the period for: | | | |
| Interest | $ | 35,204 | | | $ | 10,673 | |
| Federal income taxes | 1,900 | | | 2,485 | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Noncash transactions: | | | |
| | | |
| Unrealized gain (loss) arising during the year on investments available-for-sale | 2,340 | | | (18,346) | |
| Unrealized (loss) gain arising during the year on cash flow hedge | (2,920) | | | 8,994 | |
| Initial recognition of ROU asset for new leases | 108 | | | 368 | |
| Initial recognition of lease liability for new leases | 108 | | | 368 | |
| Initial recognition of ACL | 395 | | | — | |
See accompanying notesNotes to consolidated financial statements.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations and Principles of Consolidation
First Financial Northwest, Inc. (“First Financial Northwest”), a Washington corporation, was formed on June 1, 2007 for the purpose of becoming the holding company for First Financial Northwest Bank (“the Bank”(the “Bank”) in connection with the conversion from a mutual holding company structure to a stock holding company structure completed on October 9, 2007. First Financial Northwest’s business activities generally are limited to passive investment activities and oversight of its investment in First Financial Northwestthe Bank. Accordingly, the information presented in the consolidated financial statements and related data, relates primarily to First Financial Northwestthe Bank. First Financial Northwest converted from a savings and loan holding company to a bank holding company in 2015 and is subject to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve of the Federal Reserve System ((the “Federal Reserve Board” or “Federal Reserve”) through the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (“FRB”(the “FRB”). First Financial NorthwestThe Bank is regulated by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”(the “FDIC”) and the Washington State Department of Financial Institutions (“DFI”(the “DFI”).
First Financial NorthwestThe Bank was organized in 1923 as a Washington state-chartered savings and loan association, converted to a federal mutual savings and loan association in 1935, and converted to a Washington state-chartered mutual savings bank in 1992. In 2002, First Financial Northwestthe Bank reorganized into a two-tier mutual holding company structure, became a stock savings bank and became the wholly-owned subsidiary of First Financial of Renton, Inc. In connection with the mutual to stock conversion in 2007, the Bank changed its name to First Savings Bank Northwest. In August 2015, the Bank changed its name to First Financial Northwest Bank to support the expansion of focus to being more than a traditional “savings” bank. In February 2016, the Bank changed its charter from a Washington chartered stock savings bank to a Washington chartered commercial bank.
First Financial NorthwestThe Bank is a community-based commercial bank primarily serving King and Snohomish Counties, and to a lesser extent, Pierce and Kitsap Counties, Washington. In King County, the headquarters and full-service banking office, as well as one branch office, are located in Renton. Additional King County branch offices are located in Bellevue, Woodinville, Bothell, Kent, Kirklandand Kirkland.Issaquah. In SnohomishSnohomish County, five additional branch offices serve Mill Creek, Edmonds, Clearview, Smokey Point, and Lake Stevens. In Pierce County, two branch offices serve Gig Harbor and University Place. First Financial NorthwestThe Bank’s business consists of attracting deposits from the public and utilizing these deposits to originate one-to-four family residential, multifamily, commercial real estate, construction/land, business and consumer loans.
First Financial Diversified Corporation (“FFD”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of First Financial Northwest, held a portfolio of one-to-four family, land and consumer loans that were serviced by the Bank, however, in 2019, FFD’s loan portfolio had been fully paid off.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of First Financial Northwest and its wholly‑owned subsidiaries First Financial Northwest Bank and First Financial Diversified Corporation (collectively, “the Company”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions between First Financial Northwest and its subsidiaries have been eliminated in consolidation.
Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates
The accounting and reporting policies of First Financial Northwest and its subsidiariesthe Company conform to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Material estimates particularly subject to change include the allowance for loan and leasecredit losses (“ALLL”ACL”), other real estate owned (“OREO”), deferred tax assets and the fair values of financial instruments..
Subsequent Events
On January 10, 2024, the Bank entered into a definitive agreement in which Global Credit Union will acquire the Bank. The transaction is structured as a purchase and assumption agreement with Global purchasing substantially all assets and assuming substantially all liabilities of the Bank for the all-cash consideration of $231.2 million, subject to certain adjustments, and subject to receiving all regulatory approvals, approval by the shareholders of the Company, has evaluated events and transactions subsequent to December 31, 2020 for potential recognition or disclosure.other customary closing conditions.
On February 12, 2024, the Company declared a quarterly dividend to common shareholders of $0.13 per share, to be paid on March 28, 2024, to shareholders of record as of March 15, 2024.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and in banks, interest-bearing deposits and federal funds sold all with maturities of three months or less.
The Company is required to maintain an average reserve balance with the FRB or maintain such reserve balance in the form of cash. Effective March 26, 2020 the Federal Reserve lowered the reserve ratios on transaction accounts maintained at a depository institution to zero percent. There was 0no required reserve balance at December 31, 2020,2023 and a required balance of $750,000 at December 31, 2019, that was met by holding cash and maintaining an average balance with the FRB.2022.
Investments
Investments in debt securities are classified into one of three categories: (1) held-to-maturity, (2) available-for-sale, or (3) trading. At December 31, 2020,2023 and 2022, we had held-to-maturity and available-for-sale, but no trading securities. At December 31, 2019, we had no held-to-maturity or trading securities.
Investments are categorized as held-to-maturity when we have the positive intent and ability to hold them to maturity. Held-to-maturity investments are reported at fair value, which is the amortized cost.
Investments are classified as available-for-sale if the Company intends to hold the securities for an indefinite period of time, but not necessarily to maturity. Investments available-for-sale are reported at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses on investments available-for-sale are excluded from earnings and are reported in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable taxes. Gains and losses on sales are recorded on the trade date and determined using the specific identification method. Amortization or accretion of purchase premiums and discounts are included in investment income using the level-yield method over the remaining period to contractual maturity. Dividend or interest income is recognized when it is earned.
The estimated fair value of investments is based on quoted market prices for investments traded in active markets or dealer quotes. Mortgage-backed investments represent participation interest in pools of first mortgage loans originated and serviced by the issuers of the investments.
Management makes an assessment to determine whether there have been any events or economic circumstances to indicate that a security on which there is an unrealized loss is impaired on an other-than-temporary basis.has incurred a credit-related loss. Management considers many factors including the severity and duration of the impairment, recent events specific to the issuer or industry, and for debt securities, external credit ratings and recent downgrades. Securities on which there is an unrealized loss that is deemed to be an other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) are written down to fair value. For equity securities, the write-down is recorded as a realized loss in noninterest income in the Consolidated Income Statements. For debt securities, if management intends to sell the security or it is likely that management will be required to sell the security before recovering its cost basis, the entire impairment loss would be recognized in earnings as an OTTI.earnings. If management does not intend to sell the security and it is not likely that management will be required to sell the security but management does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security, only the portion of the impairment loss representing credit losses would be recognized in earnings. The credit loss on a security is measured as the difference between the amortized cost basis and the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected. Projected cash flows are discounted bycollected, limited to the original or current effective interest rate depending onamount that the nature of the security being measured for potential OTTI.security’s fair value is less than its amortized cost basis. The remaining impairment related to all other factors, the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and fair value, is recognized as a charge to other comprehensive income (“OCI”). Impairment losses related to all other factors are presented as separate categories within OCI.
Loans Receivable
Loans are recorded at their outstanding principal balance adjusted for charge-offs, the ALLL andACL, net deferred fees or costs.costs, premium and discounts. Interest on loans is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income using the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments.
The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. Consumer and other loans are typically managed in the same manner. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is doubtful. The Company did not designate loans with payment deferrals granted due to the COVID-19 pandemic as delinquent in accordance with
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
provisions of The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act of 2020 (the “CARES Act”) and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (the “CAA, 2021”) and related regulatory guidance.
All interest accrued but not collected on loans that are placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income. Loans are returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. In order to return a nonaccrual loan to accrual status, each loan is evaluated on a case-by-case basis. We evaluate the borrower’s financial condition to ensure that future loan payments are reasonably assured. We also take into
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
consideration the borrower’s willingness and ability to make the loan payments and historical repayment performance. We require the borrower to make the loan payments consistently for a period of at least six months as agreed to under the terms of any modified loan agreement before we will consider reclassifying the loan to accrual status.
ImpairedIndividually Evaluated Loans
A loanThe Company evaluates loans collectively for purposes of determining the ACL in accordance with ASC 326. Collective evaluation is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable thataggregating loans deemed to possess similar risk characteristics. In certain instances, the Company will be unablemay identify loans that it believes no longer possess risk characteristics similar to collectother loans in the scheduled payments of principalportfolio. These loans are typically identified from a substandard or interest when due accordingworse internal risk grade, since the specific attributes and risks associated with such loans tend to become unique as the contractual termscredit deteriorates. Such loans are typically nonperforming, modified loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, and/or are deemed collateral dependent, where the ultimate repayment of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, market conditions, rent rolls andis expected to come from the financial strengthoperation of or eventual sale of the borrower(s) and guarantor(s), if any. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired.collateral.
Management determines the significanceLoans that are deemed by management to possess unique risk characteristics are evaluated individually for purposes of payment delays and shortfalls ondetermining an appropriate lifetime ACL. The Company uses a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrowers, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment history and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured by the fair value method on a loan-by-loan basis.
When a loan is identified as impaired, its impairment is measureddiscounted cash flow approach, using the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except whenfor determining the sole (remaining) source of repayment forACL on individually evaluated loans, unless the loan is deemed collateral dependent. Collateral dependent loans are evaluated based on the operationestimated fair value of the underlying collateral, less estimated costs to sell. The Company may increase or liquidationdecrease the ACL for collateral dependent individually evaluated loans based on changes in the estimated expected fair value of the collateral. In these cases where the Company uses an observable market price or current fairloan is well-secured and the estimated value of the collateral less certain completion costs and closing costs when foreclosure is probable, instead of discounted cash flows. The Company obtains annual updated appraisals for impaired collateral dependent loans that exceed $1.0 million. In addition,exceeds the Company may order appraisals on properties not included within these guidelines when there are extenuating circumstances where the Company is not otherwise able to determine the fair valueamortized cost of the property. Appraised values may be discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of valuation and/or management’s expertise and knowledge of the borrower. If management determines that the value of the impaired loan, no ACL is less than the recorded investmentrecorded. Changes in the loan, an impairmentACL for all other individually evaluated loans is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-offsubstantially on the Company’s evaluation of cash flows expected to the ALLL.be received from such loans.
Troubled Debt RestructuringsLoan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
Certain loanLoan modifications or restructurings are accounted for as troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”). In general,made in the modification or restructuringordinary course of business and are completed on a debt is considered a TDR if, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, a concession is granted tocase-by-case basis through negotiation with the borrower thatin connection with the Company would not otherwise consider. Examples of theseongoing loan collection processes. Loan modifications or restructuringsare made to provide borrowers payment relief and typically include adjustments such as changes to interest rate, advancement of maturity date, acceptingand interest only payments for a period of time, or granting antime. Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, which eliminated accounting guidance for troubled-debt restructurings while requiring disclosure of borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for modifications related to principal reductions, interest rate concession for a period of time. The impaired portion of the loan with an interest rate concession and/or interest-only payments for a specific period of time are calculated based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. The effective interest rate is the rate of return implicit on the original loan. This impaired amount reduces the ALLLreductions, term extensions, and a valuation allowance is established to reduce the loan balance. As loan payments are received in future periods, the ALLL entry is reversed and the valuation allowance is reduced utilizing the level-yield method over the modification period. A loan that is determined to be classified as a TDR is generally reported as a TDR until the loan is paid in full or otherwise settled, sold, or charged-off. The Company elected to apply the temporary relief under the CARES Act and related regulatory guidance to certain eligible short-term modifications, past due loans, and modifications. Qualifying loan modifications were not classified as TDR for accounting or disclosure purposes until 180 days following a loan's initial modification under the CARES Act and related regulatory guidance at which time those loans were classified as a TDR.more than insignificant payment delay.
Allowance forFrom time to time, we may modify certain loans to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. In some cases, these modifications may result in new loans. Loan and Lease Lossesmodifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may be in the form of a principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a term extension or a combination thereof, among other things.
The allowance for loanAs of December 31, 2023, the Company had no loans that were both experiencing financial difficulty and lease losses (“ALLL”) is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. Losses are charged againstmodified during the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed. Any subsequent recoveries are credited to the allowance.year.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Allowance for Credit Losses (AFS Investments)
For AFS securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either criteria is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For AFS securities where neither of the criteria are met, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the credit rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited to the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any remaining discount that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as a provision (or recaputure) for credit losses. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of an AFS security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. As of December 31, 2023, the Company determined that the unrealized loss positions in AFS securities were not the result of credit losses, and therefore, an allowance for credit losses was not recorded.
Allowance for Credit Losses (HTM Investments)
The ALLLthree annuities we own and classify as held to maturity were purchased to support payments to two executive as part of their Supplemental Employment Retirement Program (“SERP”). These annuities, along with an associated policy and rider, provide for payments in retirement for the life of the executive. The rider that provides the long term guarantee for the SERP has no cash value and is not transferable to another annuitant. The cash value of the annuity is representative of the liquidation value of the contract. For this reason, no allowance for credit losses was recorded.
Allowance for Credit Losses (Loans and Unfunded Commitments)
The Company maintains an ACL for the expected credit losses of the loan portfolio as well as unfunded loan commitments. The amount of ACL is based on ongoing, quarterly assessments by management. The CECL methodology requires an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of exposures).
The ACL for the loan portfolio is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Loan balances are charged off against the ACL when management believes the non-collectability of a loan balance is confirmed. Recoveries are recorded as an increase to the ACL for loans to the extent they do not exceed the related charge-off amounts. The ACL for loans, as reported in our consolidated balance sheets, is adjusted by a provision for credit losses and reduced by the charge-offs of loan amounts, net of recoveries.
The ACL consists of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded commitments. The estimate of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. Historical loss experience is generally the starting point for estimating expected credit losses. We then consider whether the historical loss experience should be adjusted for asset-specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the reporting date that did not exist over the period that historical experience was based for each loan type. Finally, we consider forecasts about future economic conditions or changes in collateral values that are reasonable and supportable.
Management estimates the ACL balance using relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix or delinquency levels or other relevant factors.
The credit loss estimation process involves procedures to appropriately consider the unique characteristics of its loan portfolio, disaggregating loans into pools, the level at which credit risk is monitored. Determining the appropriateness of the ACL is complex and requires judgment by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. In future
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
periods, evaluations of the overall loan portfolio, based on the factors and forecasts then prevailing, may result in material changes in the ACL and provision for credit losses.
The methodology for estimating the amount of expected credit losses has two basic components: first, a pooled component for estimated expected credit losses for pools of loans that share similar risk characteristics and second an asset-specific component involving individual loans that do not share risk characteristics with other loans and the measurement of expected credit losses for such individual loans. The Company's ACL model methodology is to build a reserve rate using historical life of loan default rates combined with assessments of current loan portfolio information and current and forecasted economic environment and business cycle information. The model uses statistical analysis to determine the life of loan default rates for the quantitative component and analyzes qualitative factors (Q-Factors) that assess the current loan portfolio conditions and forecasted economic environment and collateral values.
Management maintains an ACL for unfunded commitments to absorb estimated expected credit losses associated with our off-balance commitments to lend funds such as unused lines of credit and the undisbursed portion of construction loans. The estimate considers the likelihood that funding will occur and estimated expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over the estimated life. Loss rates are estimated by utilizing the same loss rates calculated for the allowance for credit losses related to the respective loan portfolio pool. The ACL for unfunded commitments is based on estimates and ultimate losses may vary from the current estimates. The ACL on unfunded commitments is evaluated on a regular basis by management andan necessary adjustments are recorded as a provision (recapture of provision) for credit losses. The ACL for unfunded commitments is based upon management’s periodic reviewincluded in the other liabilities section of the collectability of the loans and factors such as the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, historical loss considerations, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, and prevailing economic conditions. The evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. Additional analysis was completed on the ALLL during 2020 based on the significance of loan modifications in accordance with the CARES Act and regulatory guidance.
While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions or changes to the credit quality of the loan portfolio. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s ALLL. Such agencies may require management to make adjustments to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination.consolidated balance sheets.
Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives used to compute depreciation and amortization is 15 to 40 years for buildings and building improvements, and is three to seven years for furniture, fixtures, and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the life of the lease. Management reviews buildings, improvements and equipment for impairment on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in the circumstances indicate that the undiscounted cash flows for the property are less than its carrying value. If identified, an impairment loss is recognized through a charge to earnings based on the fair value of the property.
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock
As a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank System, the BankCompany is required to maintain a minimum level of investment in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines (“FHLB”) stock, based on specified percentages of total assets and the Bank’s outstanding FHLB advances. Ownership of FHLB stock is restricted to the FHLB and member institutions. The Bank’sCompany’s investment in FHLB stock is carried at par value ($100 per share), which reasonably approximates its fair value.
Transfer of Financial Assets
Transfers of an entire financial asset, a group of entire financial assets, or participating interest in an entire financial asset are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Bank,Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the BankCompany does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.
Other Real Estate Owned
OREO consists principally of properties acquired through foreclosure and is originally stated at estimated market value less selling costs. Losses arising from the acquisition of property, in full or partial satisfaction of loans, are charged to the ALLL.ACL.
Subsequent to the transfer of foreclosed assets held for sale, the assets are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value (less estimated costs to sell), based on periodic evaluations. Subsequent write-downs in value are charged to noninterest expense. Generally, legal and professional fees associated with foreclosures are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred to improve property prior to sale are capitalized; however, in no event are recorded costs allowed to exceed estimated fair value.
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Subsequent gains, losses, or expenses recognized on the sale of these properties are included in noninterest expense. The amounts that will ultimately be recovered from foreclosed assets may differ substantially from the carrying value of the assets because of future market factors beyond management’s control.
Bank-Owned Life Insurance
The Company has purchased life insurance on certain key executives and officers. Bank-owned life insurance (“BOLI”) is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement. Increases to the cash surrender value are recorded as noninterest income and partially offset expenses for employee benefits. Certain BOLI contracts contain
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
endorsement split-dollar life agreements. In these circumstances, the Bank accrues a reserve liability and related compensation expense for the expected future benefit payout.
Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments
Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as unused lines of credit and commercial letters of credit issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount of these items represents the exposure to loss before considering customer collateral or ability to repay. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.
Reserve for Unfunded Commitments
Management maintains a reserve for unfunded commitments to absorb probable losses associated with our off-balance sheet commitments to lend funds such as unused lines of credit and the undisbursed portion of construction loans. Management determines the adequacy of the reserve based on reviews of individual exposures, current economic conditions, and other relevant factors. The reserve is based on estimates and ultimate losses may vary from the current estimates. The reserve is evaluated on a regular basis and necessary adjustments are reported in earnings during the period in which they become known. The reserve for unfunded commitments is included in the other liabilities section of the consolidated balance sheets.
Stock-Based Compensation
Compensation cost is recognized for stock options and restricted stock awards, based on the fair value of these awards at the grant date. A Black-Scholes model is utilized to estimate the fair value of stock options, while the market price of the Company’s common stock at the grant date is used for restricted stock awards. Compensation cost is recognized over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period. For awards with graded vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.
Federal Income Taxes
The Company files a consolidated Federal income tax return and records its provision for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred taxes result from temporary differences in the recognition of certain income and expense amounts between the Company’s financial statements and its tax return. The principal items giving rise to these differences include net operating losses, valuation adjustments on foreclosed properties, and allowance for credit losses. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected at currently enacted income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. Valuation allowances are established to reduce the net carrying amount of deferred tax assets if it is determined to be more likely than not that all or some portion of the potential deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties associated with income tax matters in income tax expense.
Employee Stock Ownership Plan
The cost of shares issued to the Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”), but not yet allocated to participants, is shown as a reduction of stockholders’ equity. Compensation expense is based on the market price of shares as they are committed to be released to participant accounts. Dividends on allocated ESOP shares reduce retained earnings; dividends on unearned ESOP shares reduce debt and accrued interest. As of December 31, 2022, all shares under the ESOP were allocated.
Earnings Per Share
Nonvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents are participating securities and are included in the computation of earnings per share (“EPS”) pursuant to the two-class method. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines EPS for each class of common stock and participating security according to dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Certain shares of the Company’s nonvested restricted stock awards qualify as participating securities.
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Net income is allocated between the common stock and participating securities pursuant to the two-class method, based on their rights to receive dividends, participate in earnings or absorb losses. Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net earnings available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares
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outstanding during the period, excluding participating nonvested restricted shares. As ESOP shares are committed to be released, they are included in the outstanding shares used in the basic EPS calculation.
Diluted earnings per share is computed in a similar manner, except that first the denominator is increased to include the number of additional shares that would have been outstanding if potentially dilutive shares, excluding the participating securities, were issued using the treasury stock method. For all periods presented, stock options and certain restricted stock awards are potentially dilutive non-participating instruments issued by the Company.
Undistributed losses are not allocated to the nonvested share-based payment awards (the participating securities) under the two-class method as the holders are not contractually obligated to share in the losses of the Company.
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income consists of net income and unrealized gains and losses on investments available-for-sale and derivatives, which are also recognized as separate components of equity, net of tax.
Advertising Expenses
Advertising costs are generally expensed as incurred and are not material.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in a separate note. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates.
Segment Information
The Company’s activities are considered to be a single industry segment for financial reporting purposes. The Company is engaged in the business of attracting deposits from the general public and providing lending services. Substantially all income is derived from a diverse base of investments and commercial, construction, mortgage, and consumer lending activities.
Reclassification
Certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements for prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current consolidated financial statement presentation. The results of the reclassifications are not considered material and have no effect on previously reported net income or stockholders’ equity.
Derivatives
The Company designates certain interest rate swap agreements as a cash flow hedge, and as such, reports the net fair value as an asset or liability. The hedge is utilized to mitigate the risk of variability in future interest payments. The fair value of the cash flow hedge is based on dealer quotes, pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques for which the determination of fair value may require significant management judgment or estimation. The derivative is marked to its fair value, with the change in fair value recorded as other comprehensive income or loss. Each derivative is tested for effectiveness quarterly and all of our derivatives continue to be deemed effective. The gain or loss on the derivative is reclassified into earnings in the same income statement line item that is used to present the earnings effect of the hedged item.
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Goodwill
Goodwill is recorded from a business combination as the difference in purchase price and fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill has an indefinite useful life, and as such, is not amortized. The Company performs a goodwill impairment analysis on an annual basis as of December 31. Additionally, the Company performs an impairment analysis as needed when circumstances indicate impairment potentially exists. Any impairment will be recorded as a noninterest expense and corresponding reduction in intangible asset on the consolidated financial statements.
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Core Deposit Intangible
A core deposit intangible (“CDI”) asset iswas recognized from the assumption of core deposit liabilities in connection with the acquisition of four banking branches from Opus Bank, a California state-chartered commercial bankthird party in 2017 (the “Branch Acquisition”). The asset was valued by a third party and is amortized into noninterest expense over ten years. The CDI is evaluated for impairment annually with any additional decline recorded as a noninterest expense on the Consolidated Income Statement.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2020
In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The amendments in this ASU remove certain disclosure requirements regarding transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and changes in unrealized gains and losses for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements. In addition, the amendments modified and added certain disclosure requirements for Level 3 fair value measurements. The Company adopted ASU 2018-13 this ASU as of January 1, 2020, with no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This ASU applies to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or other rate references expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The ASU permits an entity to make necessary modifications to eligible contracts or transactions without requiring contract remeasurement or reassessment of a previous accounting determination. For a cash flow hedge, a change in the method used to assess hedge effectiveness will not result in de-designation of the hedging relationship if certain criteria are met. The Company is party to interest rate swap arrangements where the reference rate is LIBOR. This ASU was effective when issued, with elective adoption. The Company has adopted this ASU with no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
ASUAccounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) as amended by ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04 and ASU 2019-05, was originally issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in June 2016. This ASU replaces the existing incurred loss impairment methodology that recognizes credit losses whenwhich delays recognition until it is probable a probable loss has been incurred with newan expected loss methodology where loss estimates are based upon lifetimereferred to as the current expected credit losses.loss (“CECL”) methodology. The amendments in this ASU require a financial asset that is measured at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The income statement would then reflect the measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets as well as changes to the expected credit losses that have taken place during the reporting period. The measurement of expected credit losses under CECL will be based on historical information, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that impact the collectability of the reported amount. Available-for-sale securities will bifurcate the fair value mark and establish an allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) through the income statement for the credit portion of that mark. The interest portion will continue to be recognized through accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. The change in allowanceACL recognized as a result of the adoption of CECL will occur through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the ASU is adopted. This ASU iswas effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted for smaller reporting companies, such as the Company. The Company, is evaluating its current expected loss methodology on the loan and investment portfolios to identify the necessary modifications in accordance with this standard and expects a change in the processes and procedures to calculate the ACL including changes in assumptions and estimates to consider expected credit losses over the life of the loan versus the current accounting practice that utilizes the incurred loss model. A valuation adjustment in converting the ALLL to the ACL for the loan or investment portfolios that is identified in this process will be reflected as a one-time adjustment in equity rather than earnings.January 1, 2023. ASU 2019-05 issued in April 2019 further provides that entities with certain financial instruments measured at amortized cost that have credit losses, to irrevocably elect the fair value option in Subtopic 825-10, upon adoption of Topic 326. The fair value option applies to available-for-sale debt securities. This ASU is effective upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, and should be applied on a modified-retrospective basis as a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the statement of financial condition as of the adoption date. The Company is in the process of compiling historical and industry data that will be used to calculate expected credit losses on the loan portfolio to ensure that it is fully compliant with the ASU at the adoption date and is evaluating the potential impact adoption of this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements. Until the evaluation is complete, however, any potential increase to our allowance for credit losses will not be known. The Company intends to adopt ASU 2016-13 in the first quarter of 2023.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
In April 2019, FASB issued ASU 2019-05, Financial Instruments--Credit Losses (Topic 326), Targeted Transition Relief. The amendments in this ASU provide entities that have certain financial instruments measured at amortized cost that have credit losses, to irrevocably elect the fair value option in Subtopic 825-10, upon adoption of Topic 326. The fair value option applies to available-for-sale debt securities. This ASU iswas effective whenupon adoption of ASU 2016-13, is adopted, and willshould be applied on a modified-retrospective basis as a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the statement of financial condition as of the adoption date. AdoptionOn January 1, 2023, the Company adopted this ASU, which resulted in a net of ASU 2019-05 is not expectedtax charge of $395,000 to haveretained earnings, and a material$500,000 increase to ACL for the cumulative effect of adopting this guidance. The impact that the transition to CECL had on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.expected credit losses on unfunded commitments was deemed to be immaterial.
In December 2019,January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12,2021-01, Income TaxesReference Rate Reform (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (ASU 2019-12)848). This ASU simplifies the accountingapplies to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference London Interbank Offering Rate (“LIBOR”) or other rate references expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The amendments in this ASU are elective and apply to all entities that have derivative instruments that use an interest rate that will be modified by reference rate reform. This ASU provides implementation guidance to clarify that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 may be applied to derivative instruments. This ASU may be elected on a full retrospective basis for income taxes by removing the exceptionany interim period subsequent to March 12, 2020, or on a prospective basis to new modifications from any date subsequent to the incremental approach for intra-period tax allocation when there is a loss from continuing operationsdate of issuance. Effective January 25, 2021, the Company adhered to the Interbank Offered Rate Fallbacks Protocol (“Protocol”) as published by the International Swaps and incomeDerivatives Association, Inc. and recommended by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee. Additionally, effective January 1, 2022, the Company was no longer initiating or a gain from other items, removingrenewing loans using LIBOR as an index. As of December 31, 2023, all of the requirementCompany’s contracts using LIBOR have been converted to recognize a deferred tax liability for equity method investments when a foreign subsidiary becomes an equity method investment, and removing the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. This ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2019-12 to have a material impactbe based on its consolidated financial statements.Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”).
In October 2020,March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2020-08,2022-02, Receivables – Nonrefundable FeesFinancial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Other Costs (subtopic 310-20)Vintage Disclosures. This ASU 2020-08 clarifies thateliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructured loans
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(“TDRs”) by creditors while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, the ASU requires public business entities to disclose current-period gross charge-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases. This ASU is effective upon adoption of ASU 2016-13. On January 1, 2023, the Company should reevaluate whether a callable debt security is withinadopted this ASU at the scope of paragraph 310-20-35-33 for each reporting period.same time ASU 2020-08 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years.2016-13 was adopted. The Company does not expecthad no loans modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company had $22,000 gross charge-offs in consumer loans since the adoption of ASU 2020-04 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.this ASU.
Note 2 - Investments
The following tables summarize the amortized cost and fair value of investments available-for-sale at December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses.
| | | | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2023 |
| Amortized
Cost | | Gross
Unrealized
Gains | | Gross
Unrealized
Losses | | Fair Value |
| Amortized
Cost | | | Amortized
Cost | | Gross
Unrealized
Gains | | Gross
Unrealized
Losses | | Fair Value |
| | | (In thousands) | | (In thousands) |
| Mortgage-backed investments: | Mortgage-backed investments: | | | | | | | | Mortgage-backed investments: | | | |
| Fannie Mae | Fannie Mae | $ | 12,797 | | | $ | 491 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 13,288 | |
| Freddie Mac | Freddie Mac | 4,116 | | | 200 | | | 0 | | | 4,316 | |
| Ginnie Mae | Ginnie Mae | 16,513 | | | 617 | | | (3) | | | 17,127 | |
| Other | Other | 10,691 | | | 100 | | | (62) | | | 10,729 | |
| Municipal bonds | Municipal bonds | 16,483 | | | 963 | | | 0 | | | 17,446 | |
| U.S. Government agencies | U.S. Government agencies | 41,084 | | | 88 | | | (537) | | | 40,635 | |
| Corporate bonds | Corporate bonds | 24,001 | | | 221 | | | (212) | | | 24,010 | |
| | | $ | 125,685 | | | $ | 2,680 | | | $ | (814) | | | $ | 127,551 | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| | | | December 31, 2019 | | December 31, 2022 |
| | | Amortized
Cost | | Gross
Unrealized
Gains | | Gross
Unrealized
Losses | | Fair Value | | Amortized
Cost | | Gross
Unrealized
Gains | | Gross
Unrealized
Losses | | Fair Value |
| | | (In thousands) | | (In thousands) |
| Mortgage-backed investments: | Mortgage-backed investments: | | | | | | |
| Fannie Mae | |
| Fannie Mae | |
| Fannie Mae | Fannie Mae | $ | 15,605 | | | $ | 128 | | | $ | (104) | | | $ | 15,629 | |
| Freddie Mac | Freddie Mac | 4,196 | | | 96 | | | 0 | | | 4,292 | |
| Ginnie Mae | Ginnie Mae | 23,239 | | | 140 | | | (329) | | | 23,050 | |
| Other | Other | 11,407 | | | 66 | | | (25) | | | 11,448 | |
| Municipal bonds | Municipal bonds | 10,675 | | | 272 | | | (36) | | | 10,911 | |
| U.S. Government agencies | U.S. Government agencies | 46,672 | | | 13 | | | (935) | | | 45,750 | |
| Corporate bonds | Corporate bonds | 25,500 | | | 372 | | | (351) | | | 25,521 | |
| | | $ | 137,294 | | | $ | 1,087 | | | $ | (1,780) | | | $ | 136,601 | |
There were $2.5 million and $2.4 million of investments classified as held-to-maturity at December 31, 2020,2023, and NaN at December 31, 2019.2022, respectively. In January 2020, the BankCompany purchased three annuity contracts to be held long-term to satisfy the benefit obligation associated with certain supplemental executive retirement plan (“SERP”) agreements. These annuities, along with an associated insurance policy and rider, provide for payments in retirement for the life of the executive. The annuities are reported at amortized cost as investments held-to-maturity onrider that provides the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.long term guarantee for the SERP has no cash value and is not transferrable to another annuitant. The amortized cost is considered the faircash value of the investment.annuity is representative of the liquidation value of the contract. Hence, the amortized cost of each of these HTM investments is considered to be its fair value.
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The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investments available-for-sale at December 31, 2020,2023, by expected maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Investments not due at a single maturity date, primarily mortgage‑backed investments, are shown separately.
| | | | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2023 |
| | | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value | | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value |
| | | (In thousands) | | (In thousands) |
| Due within one year | Due within one year | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
| Due after one year through five years | Due after one year through five years | 8,977 | | | 8,905 | |
| Due after five years through ten years | Due after five years through ten years | 18,259 | | | 18,469 | |
| Due after ten years | Due after ten years | 54,332 | | | 54,717 | |
| | | 81,568 | | | 82,091 | |
| Mortgage-backed investments | Mortgage-backed investments | 44,117 | | | 45,460 | |
| | | $ | 125,685 | | | $ | 127,551 | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Maturities of the investments held-to-maturity (annuities) were established at the time the initial contract was signed. They were set up as end of life of the executives or until the annuities are depleted.
Under Washington State law, in order to participate in the public funds program the Company is required to pledge eligible securities as collateral in an amount equal to 50% of the public deposits held. Investments with a carrying value of $23.4$26.5 million and $19.0$21.0 million were pledged as collateral for public deposits at December 31, 2020,2023 and 2019,2022, respectively, both of which exceeded the minimum collateral requirements established by the Washington Public Deposit Protection Commission. At both December 31, 2020,2023 and 2019,2022, there were 0no investments pledged as collateral for FHLB advances.
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Sales and other redemptions of available-for-sale investments were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| | (In thousands) |
| Proceeds | $ | 12,082 | | | $ | 14,260 | |
| Gross gains | 189 | | | 190 | |
| Gross losses | (103) | | | (39) | |
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | (In thousands) |
| Proceeds | $ | — | | | $ | 11,088 | |
| Gross gains | — | | | 27 | |
| Gross losses | — | | | — | |
The following tables summarize the aggregate fair value and gross unrealized loss by length of time those investments have been continuously in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 20202023 and 2019.2022.
| | | | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2023 |
| | | Less Than 12 Months | | 12 Months or Longer | | Total | | Less Than 12 Months | | 12 Months or Longer | | Total |
| Fair Value | | Unrealized
Loss | | Fair Value | | Unrealized
Loss | | Fair Value | | Unrealized
Loss |
| (In thousands) |
| Fair Value | | | Fair Value | | Unrealized
Loss | | Fair Value | | Unrealized
Loss | | Fair Value | | Unrealized
Loss |
| (In thousands) | | | (In thousands) |
| Mortgage-backed investments: | Mortgage-backed investments: | |
| Fannie Mae | |
| Fannie Mae | |
| Fannie Mae | Fannie Mae | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
| Freddie Mac | Freddie Mac | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Ginnie Mae | Ginnie Mae | 0 | | | 0 | | | 1,311 | | | (3) | | | 1,311 | | | (3) | |
| Other | Other | 0 | | | 0 | | | 5,942 | | | (62) | | | 5,942 | | | (62) | |
| Municipal bonds | Municipal bonds | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| U.S. Government agencies | U.S. Government agencies | 1,716 | | | (11) | | | 30,991 | | | (526) | | | 32,707 | | | (537) | |
| Corporate bonds | Corporate bonds | 0 | | | 0 | | | 5,794 | | | (212) | | | 5,794 | | | (212) | |
| | | $ | 1,716 | | | $ | (11) | | | $ | 44,038 | | | $ | (803) | | | $ | 45,754 | | | $ | (814) | |
| | | | December 31, 2019 | | December 31, 2022 |
| | | Less Than 12 Months | | 12 Months or Longer | | Total | | Less Than 12 Months | | 12 Months or Longer | | Total |
| | | Fair Value | | Unrealized
Loss | | Fair Value | | Unrealized
Loss | | Fair Value | | Unrealized
Loss | | Fair Value | | Unrealized
Loss | | Fair Value | | Unrealized
Loss | | Fair Value | | Unrealized
Loss |
| (In thousands) |
| (In thousands) | | | (In thousands) |
| Mortgage-backed investments: | Mortgage-backed investments: | |
| Fannie Mae | |
| Fannie Mae | |
| Fannie Mae | Fannie Mae | $ | 8,340 | | | $ | (104) | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 8,340 | | | $ | (104) | |
| Freddie Mac | Freddie Mac | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Ginnie Mae | Ginnie Mae | 156 | | | 0 | | | 12,921 | | | (329) | | | 13,077 | | | (329) | |
| Other | Other | 2,843 | | | (7) | | | 6,000 | | | (18) | | | 8,843 | | | (25) | |
| Municipal bonds | Municipal bonds | 3,257 | | | (36) | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 3,257 | | | (36) | |
| U.S. Government agencies | U.S. Government agencies | 12,266 | | | (201) | | | 31,490 | | | (734) | | | 43,756 | | | (935) | |
| Corporate bonds | Corporate bonds | 1,996 | | | (12) | | | 7,161 | | | (339) | | | 9,157 | | | (351) | |
| | | $ | 28,858 | | | $ | (360) | | | $ | 57,572 | | | $ | (1,420) | | | $ | 86,430 | | | $ | (1,780) | |
At both December 31, 2020,2023 and 2019,2022, the Company had 20 and 37123 securities respectively, with a gross unrealized loss position. Management reviewed the financial condition of the entities underlying the securities at both December 31, 2020,2023 and December 31, 2019,2022, and determined that no OTTIACL was required. Management believesdoes not believe that while actual fluctuation inthe unrealized losses will occur over the life of an investment security, the temporary impairment on the investment securities that were in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 20202023 and 2019, will be incrementally relieved as the individual investment securities approach their respective contractual maturity dates. The unrealized losses relate principally2022, were related to the general change in interest rate and illiquidity, and not credit quality. As managementThe declines in fair market values of these securities were mainly attributed to changes in market interest rates, credit spreads, market volatility and liquidity conditions. Currently, the Company does not intend to sell, the security, and it is not more likely than not that itthe Company will not be required to sell the securitypositions before its anticipatedtheir recovery of the amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. As such, no declines are deemedallowance for credit losses was recorded with respect to be other-than-temporary.AFS securities for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 3 - Loans Receivable
Loans receivable net of loans in process (“LIP”), at December 31, 2020,2023, and 20192022 are summarized as follows:
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| | | | December 31, | | December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | | (In thousands) | | (In thousands) |
| One-to-four family residential: | One-to-four family residential: | | | | One-to-four family residential: | | | |
| Permanent owner occupied | Permanent owner occupied | $ | 206,323 | | | $ | 210,898 | |
| Permanent non-owner occupied | Permanent non-owner occupied | 175,637 | | | 161,630 | |
| | | 381,960 | | | 372,528 | |
| Multifamily: | | | |
| Permanent | 136,694 | | | 172,915 | |
| | | 136,694 | | | 172,915 | |
| Commercial real estate: | | | |
| Permanent | 385,265 | | | 395,152 | |
| Multifamily | |
| Multifamily | |
| Multifamily | |
| | Commercial real estate | |
| Commercial real estate | |
| Commercial real estate | |
| | | 385,265 | | | 395,152 | |
Construction/land: (1) | Construction/land: (1) | | | |
Construction/land: (1) | |
Construction/land: (1) | |
| One-to-four family residential | |
| One-to-four family residential | |
| One-to-four family residential | One-to-four family residential | 33,396 | | | 44,491 | |
| Multifamily | Multifamily | 51,215 | | | 40,954 | |
| Commercial | 5,783 | | | 19,550 | |
| | Land | |
| Land | |
| Land | Land | 1,813 | | | 8,670 | |
| | | 92,207 | | | 113,665 | |
| | Business | Business | 80,663 | | | 37,779 | |
| Business | |
| Business | |
| Consumer | Consumer | 40,621 | | | 30,199 | |
| Total loans | Total loans | 1,117,410 | | | 1,122,238 | |
| Less: | Less: | | | |
| Deferred loan fees, net | 1,654 | | | 558 | |
| ALLL | 15,174 | | | 13,218 | |
| ACL for loans | |
| ACL for loans | |
| ACL for loans | |
| Loans receivable, net | Loans receivable, net | $ | 1,100,582 | | | $ | 1,108,462 | |
____________
(1)Included in the construction/land category are “rollover” loans, which are loans that will convert upon completion of the construction period to permanent loans. At that time, the loans willand be classifiedreclassified according to the underlying collateral. In addition, raw land or buildable lots where the Company does not intend to finance the construction are included in the construction/land category. At December 31, 2020, we classified $51.2 million2023 and 2022, all of the multifamily loans, $1.8 million of commercialand land loans and $5.8 million of commercial real estateincluded in the construction/land loan portfolio will be converted to permanent loans as construction/land loans to facilitate the reviewupon completion of the composition of our loan portfolio. At December 31, 2019, $38.6 million of multifamily loans, $8.7 million of commercial land loans, $3.5 million one-to-four family residential and $18.3 million of commercial real estate loans were reclassified to the construction/land category.construction period.
At December 31, 2020, and 2019, there were no loans classified as held for sale.
Concentrations of credit. Most of the Bank’sCompany’s lending activity occurs within the state of Washington. The primary market areas include King, and to a lesser extent, Pierce, Snohomish and Kitsap counties. At December 31, 2020,2023, the Company’s loan portfolio consistswas comprised of one-to-four family residential loans which comprised 34.2%,representing 43.1% of the total loan portfolio, commercial real estate and multifamily loans were 34.5%representing 31.6% and 12.2%11.6%, respectively, and construction/land loans were 8.3%representing 5.1% of the total loan portfolio. Consumer and business loans accounted for the remaining 10.8%8.6% of the total loan portfolio. During the yearyears ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the BankCompany participated in the U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), a guaranteed unsecured loan program enacted under the CARESCoronavirus Aid Relief and Economic Security Act of 2020 to provide near-term relief to help small businesses impacted by COVID-19 sustain operations. Forgiveness payments received from the SBA reduced the balance of PPP loans included in commercial business loans totaled $41.3 million,to $473,000 at December 31, 2023, all of which areis fully guaranteed by the SBA. The Bank expects that the great majority of PPP borrowers will seek full or partial forgiveness of their loan obligations in accordance with the CARES Act. Included in the one-to-four family residential, multifamily, commercial real estate, and business loan portfolios at December 31, 2020 were $420,000, $12.3 million, $68.5 million, and $15.1 million respectively, to the Company’s five largest borrowing relationships.relationships had an aggregate total of $99.1 million at December 31, 2023, representing 8.3% of total loans receivable.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company originates both adjustable and fixed interest rate loans. The composition of loans receivable at December 31, 2020,2023 and 2019,2022, was as follows:
| December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2023 |
| Fixed Rate | Fixed Rate | | Adjustable Rate | Fixed Rate | | Adjustable Rate |
| Term to Maturity | Term to Maturity | | Principal Balance | | Term to Rate Adjustment | | Principal Balance | Term to Maturity | | Principal Balance | | Term to Rate Adjustment | | Principal Balance |
| (In thousands) | (In thousands) | (In thousands) |
| Due within one year | Due within one year | | $ | 30,627 | | | Due within one year | | $ | 294,220 | |
| After one year through three years | After one year through three years | | 92,301 | | | After one year through three years | | 82,153 | |
| After three years through five years | After three years through five years | | 106,298 | | | After three years through five years | | 98,296 | |
| After five years through ten years | After five years through ten years | | 107,788 | | | After five years through ten years | | 100,495 | |
| Thereafter | Thereafter | | 205,232 | | | Thereafter | | 0 | |
| | | | $ | 542,246 | | | | | $ | 575,164 | |
____________
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2019 |
| Fixed Rate | | Adjustable Rate |
| Term to Maturity | | Principal Balance | | Term to Rate Adjustment | | Principal Balance |
| (In thousands) |
| Due within one year | | $ | 29,997 | | | Due within one year | | $ | 297,221 | |
| After one year through three years | | 63,055 | | | After one year through three years | | 102,248 | |
| After three years through five years | | 68,659 | | | After three years through five years | | 137,487 | |
| After five years through ten years | | 126,762 | | | After five years through ten years | | 86,404 | |
| Thereafter | | 207,055 | | | Thereafter | | 3,350 | |
| | | $ | 495,528 | | | | | $ | 626,710 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2022 |
| Fixed Rate | | Adjustable Rate |
| Term to Maturity | | Principal Balance | | Term to Rate Adjustment | | Principal Balance |
| (In thousands) |
| Due within one year | | $ | 4,654 | | | Due within one year (1) | | $ | 328,934 | |
| After one year through three years | | 56,336 | | | After one year through three years | | 72,292 | |
| After three years through five years | | 68,739 | | | After three years through five years | | 224,527 | |
| After five years through ten years | | 105,847 | | | After five years through ten years | | 108,217 | |
| Thereafter | | 212,764 | | | Thereafter | | — | |
| | | $ | 448,340 | | | | | $ | 733,970 | |
____________
(1) Includes $158.2 million of prime based loans and $110.7 million in loans that adjust based on LIBOR.
Our adjustable-rate loans are tied to various indexes,indices, including LIBOR,SOFR, the prime rate as published in The Wall Street Journal, and the FHLB. Certain adjustable‑rate loans have interest rate adjustment limitations and are generally indexed to the FHLB Long-Term Bullet advance rates published by the FHLB. Future market factors may affect the correlation of the interest rate adjustment with the rates paid on short‑term deposits that have been primarily utilized to fund these loans.
Credit Quality Indicators. The Company assigns a risk rating to all credit exposures based on the risk rating system designed to define the basic characteristics and identified risk elements of each credit extension. The Company utilizes a nine‑point risk rating system. A description of the general characteristics of the risk grades is as follows:
•Grades 1 through 5: These grades are considered to be “pass” credits. These include assets where there is virtually no credit risk, such as cash secured loans with funds on deposit with the Bank.Company. Pass credits also include credits that are on the Company’s watch list (grade 5), where the borrower exhibits potential weaknesses, which may, if not checked or corrected, negatively affect the borrower’s financial capacity and threaten their ability to fulfill debt obligations in the future.
•Grade 6: These credits, classified as ”special mention”, possess weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. Special mention assets do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification in the
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
substandard, doubtful or loss categories. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration in the Company’s credit position at a future date.
•Grade 7: These credits, classified as “substandard”, present a distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. These credits have well defined weaknesses which jeopardize the orderly liquidation of the debt and are inadequately protected by the current net worth and payment capacity of the borrower or of any collateral pledged.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
•Grade 8: These credits are classified as “doubtful” have well defined weaknesses which make the full collection or liquidation of the loan highly questionable and improbable. This classification is used where significant risk exposures are perceived but the exact amount of the loss cannot yet be determined due to pending events.
•Grade 9: Assets classified as “loss” are considered uncollectible and cannot be justified as a viable asset for the Company. There is little or no prospect of near term recovery and no realistic strengthening action of significance is pending.
As of both December 31, 2020,2023, and 2019,2022, the Company had no loans rated as doubtful or loss. The following tables representpresent a summary of loans atby type, risk category, year of origination and current period gross charge-offs as of December 31, 2020,2023, and 2019 by type and risk category:category as of December 31, 2022:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2020 |
| | One-to-Four
Family
Residential | | Multifamily | | Commercial
Real Estate | | Construction/
Land | | Business | | Consumer | | Total |
| | (In thousands) |
| Risk Rating: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pass, grade 1-4 | $ | 376,918 | | | $ | 132,243 | | | $ | 316,955 | | | $ | 89,957 | | | $ | 80,208 | | | $ | 40,477 | | | $ | 1,036,758 | |
Pass, grade 5
(watch) | 3,914 | | | 2,347 | | | 52,375 | | | 2,250 | | | 455 | | | 144 | | | 61,485 | |
| Special mention | 601 | | | 0 | | | 15,935 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 16,536 | |
| Substandard | 527 | | | 2,104 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 2,631 | |
| Total | $ | 381,960 | | | $ | 136,694 | | | $ | 385,265 | | | $ | 92,207 | | | $ | 80,663 | | | $ | 40,621 | | | $ | 1,117,410 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2023 |
| | Term Loans by Year of Origination | | |
| | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | Prior | | Total Loans |
| | (In thousands) |
| One-to-four family residential | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pass | $ | 86,208 | | | $ | 142,563 | | | $ | 94,582 | | | $ | 61,946 | | | $ | 31,806 | | | $ | 95,012 | | | $ | 512,117 | |
| Watch | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 683 | | | 683 | |
| Special mention | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 130 | | | 130 | |
| Substandard | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 293 | | | 293 | |
| Total one-to-four family residential | $ | 86,208 | | | $ | 142,563 | | | $ | 94,582 | | | $ | 61,946 | | | $ | 31,806 | | | $ | 96,118 | | | $ | 513,223 | |
| Current year-to-date (“YTD”) gross charge-offs | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| Multifamily | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pass | $ | 3,329 | | | $ | 8,332 | | | $ | 22,787 | | | $ | 43,259 | | | $ | 25,988 | | | $ | 30,561 | | | $ | 134,256 | |
| Watch | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,303 | | | 2,303 | |
| Special mention | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Substandard | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,590 | | | 1,590 | |
| Total multifamily | $ | 3,329 | | | $ | 8,332 | | | $ | 22,787 | | | $ | 43,259 | | | $ | 25,988 | | | $ | 34,454 | | | $ | 138,149 | |
| Current YTD gross charge-offs | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| Commercial real estate | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pass | $ | 20,026 | | | $ | 35,054 | | | $ | 73,727 | | | $ | 78,204 | | | $ | 8,337 | | | $ | 98,316 | | | $ | 313,664 | |
| Watch | — | | | — | | | 4,108 | | | — | | | 12,745 | | | 3,322 | | | 20,175 | |
| Special mention | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Substandard | — | | | — | | | — | | | 526 | | | 1,295 | | | 42,199 | | | 44,020 | |
| Total commercial real estate | $ | 20,026 | | | $ | 35,054 | | | $ | 77,835 | | | $ | 78,730 | | | $ | 22,377 | | | $ | 143,837 | | | $ | 377,859 | |
| Current YTD gross charge-offs | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2019 |
| | One-to-Four
Family
Residential | | Multifamily | | Commercial
Real Estate | | Construction /
Land | | Business | | Consumer | | Total |
| | (In thousands) |
| Risk Rating: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pass, grade 1-4 | $ | 366,472 | | | $ | 170,810 | | | $ | 386,620 | | | $ | 98,892 | | | $ | 37,779 | | | $ | 30,157 | | | $ | 1,090,730 | |
Pass, grade 5
(watch) | 4,891 | | | 0 | | | 8,007 | | | 2,249 | | | 0 | | | 42 | | | 15,189 | |
| Special mention | 536 | | | 2,105 | | | 525 | | | 12,524 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 15,690 | |
| Substandard | 629 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 629 | |
| Total | $ | 372,528 | | | $ | 172,915 | | | $ | 395,152 | | | $ | 113,665 | | | $ | 37,779 | | | $ | 30,199 | | | $ | 1,122,238 | |
ALLL. When the Company classifies problem assets as either substandard or doubtful, pursuant to Federal regulations, it may establish a specific reserve in an amount deemed prudent to address the risk specifically or may allow the loss to be addressed in the general allowance. General allowances represent loss allowances which have been established to recognize the inherent risk associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been specifically allocated to the particular problem assets. When an insured institution classifies problem assets as a loss, pursuant to Federal regulations, it is required to charge-off such assets in the period in which they are deemed uncollectible. The determination as to the classification of the Company’s assets and the amount of valuation allowances is subject to review by bank regulators, who can require the establishment of additional loss allowances.
Loan grades are used by the Company to identify and track potential problem loans which do not rise to the levels described for substandard, doubtful, or loss. The grades for watch and special mention are assigned to loans which have been criticized based upon known characteristics such as periodic payment delinquency or stale financial information from the borrower and/or guarantors. Loans identified as criticized (watch and special mention) or classified (substandard, doubtful or loss) are subject to problem loan reporting every three months.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Continued) |
| December 31, 2023 |
| Term Loans by Year of Origination | | |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | Prior | | Total Loans |
| (In thousands) |
| Construction/land | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pass | $ | 14,797 | | | $ | 26,286 | | | $ | 19,841 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 60,924 | |
| Watch | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Special mention | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Substandard | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Total construction/land | $ | 14,797 | | | $ | 26,286 | | | $ | 19,841 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 60,924 | |
| Current YTD gross charge-offs | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| Business | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pass | $ | 1,480 | | | $ | 6,358 | | | $ | 388 | | | $ | 1,272 | | | $ | 1,486 | | | $ | 18,097 | | | $ | 29,081 | |
| Watch | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Special mention | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Substandard | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Total business | $ | 1,480 | | | $ | 6,358 | | | $ | 388 | | | $ | 1,272 | | | $ | 1,486 | | | $ | 18,097 | | | $ | 29,081 | |
| Current YTD gross charge-offs | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| Consumer | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pass | $ | 23,937 | | | $ | 23,921 | | | $ | 10,190 | | | $ | 5,523 | | | $ | 5,260 | | | $ | 2,917 | | | $ | 71,748 | |
| Watch | — | | | 27 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 27 | |
| Special mention | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Substandard | — | | | 19 | | | 201 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 220 | |
| Total consumer | $ | 23,937 | | | $ | 23,967 | | | $ | 10,391 | | | $ | 5,523 | | | $ | 5,260 | | | $ | 2,917 | | | $ | 71,995 | |
| Current YTD gross charge-offs | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 22 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 22 | |
| Total loans receivable, gross | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pass | $ | 149,777 | | | $ | 242,514 | | | $ | 221,515 | | | $ | 190,204 | | | $ | 72,877 | | | $ | 244,903 | | | $ | 1,121,790 | |
| Watch | — | | | 27 | | | 4,108 | | | — | | | 12,745 | | | 6,308 | | | 23,188 | |
| Special mention | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 130 | | | 130 | |
| Substandard | — | | | 19 | | | 201 | | | 526 | | | 1,295 | | | 44,082 | | | 46,123 | |
| Total loans | $ | 149,777 | | | $ | 242,560 | | | $ | 225,824 | | | $ | 190,730 | | | $ | 86,917 | | | $ | 295,423 | | | $ | 1,191,231 | |
| Current YTD gross charge-offs | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 22 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 22 | |
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2022 |
| | One-to-Four
Family
Residential | | Multifamily | | Commercial
Real Estate | | Construction /
Land | | Business | | Consumer | | Total |
| | (In thousands) |
| Risk Rating: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pass | $ | 472,049 | | | $ | 122,952 | | | $ | 342,995 | | | $ | 77,644 | | | $ | 31,363 | | | $ | 63,914 | | | $ | 1,110,917 | |
Watch | 1,109 | | | 2,284 | | | 14,831 | | | — | | | — | | | 28 | | | 18,252 | |
| Special mention | 1,022 | | | — | | | 4,667 | | | — | | | — | | | 210 | | | 5,899 | |
| Substandard | — | | | 1,630 | | | 45,411 | | | — | | | — | | | 201 | | | 47,242 | |
| Total | $ | 474,180 | | | $ | 126,866 | | | $ | 407,904 | | | $ | 77,644 | | | $ | 31,363 | | | $ | 64,353 | | | $ | 1,182,310 | |
The following tables summarize changes in the ALLLACL for loans or the allowance for loan and loan portfoliolease losses (“ALLL”), by type of loan and reserve methodloans, for the periodsperiod indicated. As a result of adopting ASC 326 on January 1, 2023, the methodology to compute the ACL for 2023 was based on the CECL methodology, rather than the previously applied incurred loss methodology which was used during 2022. The analysis of pooled loans excluded PPP loans as these loans are fully guaranteed by the Bank expects the majority of PPP borrowers will seek full or partial forgiveness of their loan obligations in accordance with the CARES Act.SBA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | At or For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 |
| | One-to-Four
Family
Residential | | Multifamily | | Commercial
Real Estate | | Construction/
Land | | Business | | Consumer | | Total |
| ALLL: | (In thousands) |
| Beginning balance | $ | 3,034 | | | $ | 1,607 | | | $ | 4,559 | | | $ | 2,222 | | | $ | 1,140 | | | $ | 656 | | | $ | 13,218 | |
| Charge-offs | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | (2) | | | (2) | |
| Recoveries | 28 | | | 0 | | | 30 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 58 | |
(Recapture)
provision | 119 | | | (241) | | | 1,538 | | | (33) | | | 102 | | | 415 | | | 1,900 | |
| Ending balance | $ | 3,181 | | | $ | 1,366 | | | $ | 6,127 | | | $ | 2,189 | | | $ | 1,242 | | | $ | 1,069 | | | $ | 15,174 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| General reserve | $ | 3,173 | | | $ | 1,366 | | | $ | 6,127 | | | $ | 2,189 | | | $ | 1,242 | | | $ | 1,069 | | | $ | 15,166 | |
| Specific reserve | 8 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 8 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total Loans | $ | 381,960 | | | $ | 136,694 | | | $ | 385,265 | | | $ | 92,207 | | | $ | 80,663 | | | $ | 40,621 | | | $ | 1,117,410 | |
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment (1) (3) | $ | 379,333 | | | 134,590 | | | 368,596 | | | 92,207 | | | 80,663 | | | 40,621 | | | 1,096,010 | |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment (2) | 2,627 | | | 2,104 | | | 16,669 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 21,400 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | At or For the Year Ended December 31, 2023 |
| | One-to-Four
Family
Residential | | Multifamily | | Commercial
Real Estate | | Construction/
Land | | Business | | Consumer | | Total |
| ACL: | (In thousands) |
| Beginning balance | $ | 4,043 | | | $ | 1,210 | | | $ | 5,397 | | | $ | 1,717 | | | $ | 948 | | | $ | 1,912 | | | $ | 15,227 | |
| Adjustment for adoption of Topic 326 | 1,520 | | | 83 | | | (970) | | | 408 | | | (510) | | | (31) | | | 500 | |
| Charge-offs | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (22) | | | (22) | |
| Recoveries | 1 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | |
| Provision (recapture of provision) | 183 | | | 216 | | | (532) | | | (269) | | | (51) | | | 53 | | | (400) | |
| Ending balance | $ | 5,747 | | | $ | 1,509 | | | $ | 3,895 | | | $ | 1,856 | | | $ | 387 | | | $ | 1,912 | | | $ | 15,306 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | At or For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 |
| | One-to-Four Family Residential | | Multifamily | | Commercial
Real Estate | | Construction/
Land | | Business | | Consumer | | Total |
| ALLL: | (In thousands) |
| Beginning balance | $ | 3,214 | | | $ | 1,279 | | | $ | 6,615 | | | $ | 2,064 | | | $ | 1,112 | | | $ | 1,373 | | | $ | 15,657 | |
| Charge-offs | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (37) | | | (37) | |
| Recoveries | 7 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 7 | |
(Recapture)
provision | 822 | | | (69) | | | (1,218) | | | (347) | | | (164) | | | 576 | | | (400) | |
| Ending balance | $ | 4,043 | | | $ | 1,210 | | | $ | 5,397 | | | $ | 1,717 | | | $ | 948 | | | $ | 1,912 | | | $ | 15,227 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| General reserve | $ | 4,030 | | | $ | 1,210 | | | $ | 5,397 | | | $ | 1,717 | | | $ | 948 | | | $ | 1,912 | | | $ | 15,214 | |
| Specific reserve | 13 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 13 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total loans | $ | 474,180 | | | $ | 126,866 | | | $ | 407,904 | | | $ | 77,644 | | | $ | 31,363 | | | $ | 64,353 | | | $ | 1,182,310 | |
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment (1) (3) | 472,820 | | | 125,236 | | | 362,493 | | | 77,644 | | | 31,363 | | | 64,353 | | | 1,133,909 | |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment (2) | 1,360 | | | 1,630 | | | 45,411 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 48,401 | |
_____________
(1) Loans collectively evaluated for general reserves.
(2) Loans individually evaluated for specific reserves.
(3) PPP loans totaling $41.3 million$785,000 were excluded from the collectively evaluated pool when calculating the ALLL as payment on these loans is guaranteed by the SBA.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | At or For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 |
| | One-to-Four Family Residential | | Multifamily | | Commercial
Real Estate | | Construction/
Land | | Business | | Consumer | | Total |
| ALLL: | (In thousands) |
| Beginning balance | $ | 3,387 | | | $ | 1,680 | | | $ | 4,777 | | | $ | 2,331 | | | $ | 936 | | | $ | 236 | | | $ | 13,347 | |
| Charge-offs | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Recoveries | 73 | | | 45 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 53 | | | 171 | |
(Recapture)
provision | (426) | | | (118) | | | (218) | | | (109) | | | 204 | | | 367 | | | (300) | |
| Ending balance | $ | 3,034 | | | $ | 1,607 | | | $ | 4,559 | | | $ | 2,222 | | | $ | 1,140 | | | $ | 656 | | | $ | 13,218 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| General reserve | $ | 3,003 | | | $ | 1,607 | | | $ | 4,559 | | | $ | 2,222 | | | $ | 1,140 | | | $ | 656 | | | $ | 13,187 | |
| Specific reserve | 31 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 31 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total Loans | $ | 372,528 | | | $ | 172,915 | | | $ | 395,152 | | | $ | 113,665 | | | $ | 37,779 | | | $ | 30,199 | | | $ | 1,122,238 | |
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment (1) | $ | 368,453 | | | 170,810 | | | 393,886 | | | 101,141 | | | 37,779 | | | 30,199 | | | 1,102,268 | |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment (2) | 4,075 | | | 2,105 | | | 1,266 | | | 12,524 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 19,970 | |
_____________
(1) Loans collectively evaluated for general reserves.
(2) Loans individually evaluated for specific reserves.
Past Due Loans. At December 31, 2020,2023, total past due loans comprised 0.24%0.12% of total loans as compared to 0.19%0.02% at December 31, 2019.2022.
The following tables represent a summary at December 31, 2020,2023, and 2019,2022, of the aging of loans by type:
| | | | Loans Past Due as of December 31, 2020 | | | | | | Loans Past Due as of December 31, 2023 | | |
| | | 30-59 Days | | 60-89 Days | | 90 Days and Greater | | Total | | Current | | Total Loans (1) | | 30-59 Days | | 60-89 Days | | 90 Days and Greater | | Total | | Current | | Total Loans (1) |
| | | (In thousands) | | (In thousands) |
| Real estate: | Real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | | Real estate: | | | |
| One-to-four family residential: | One-to-four family residential: | | | | | | | | | | | | One-to-four family residential: | | | |
| Owner occupied | Owner occupied | $ | 77 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 77 | | | $ | 206,246 | | | $ | 206,323 | |
| Non-owner occupied | Non-owner occupied | 159 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 159 | | | 175,478 | | | 175,637 | |
| Multifamily | Multifamily | 0 | | | 0 | | | 2,104 | | | 2,104 | | | 134,590 | | | 136,694 | |
| Commercial real estate | Commercial real estate | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 385,265 | | | 385,265 | |
| Construction/land | Construction/land | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 92,207 | | | 92,207 | |
| Total real estate | Total real estate | 236 | | | 0 | | | 2,104 | | | 2,340 | | | 993,786 | | | 996,126 | |
| Business | Business | 275 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 275 | | | 80,388 | | | 80,663 | |
| Consumer | Consumer | 38 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 38 | | | 40,583 | | | 40,621 | |
| Total | Total | $ | 549 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 2,104 | | | $ | 2,653 | | | $ | 1,114,757 | | | $ | 1,117,410 | |
_________________________
(1) There were 0two one-to-four family residential loans 90 days and greater past due and still accruing interest, attributed to their well collateralization.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Loans Past Due as of December 31, 2022 | | | | |
| | 30-59 Days | | 60-89 Days | | 90 Days and Greater | | Total | | Current | | Total Loans (1) |
| | (In thousands) |
| Real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Owner occupied | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 232,869 | | | $ | 232,869 | |
| Non-owner occupied | 27 | | | — | | | — | | | 27 | | | 241,284 | | | 241,311 | |
| Multifamily | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 126,866 | | | 126,866 | |
| Commercial real estate | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 407,904 | | | 407,904 | |
| Construction/land | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 77,644 | | | 77,644 | |
| Total real estate | 27 | | | — | | | — | | | 27 | | | 1,086,567 | | | 1,086,594 | |
| Business | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 31,363 | | | 31,363 | |
| Consumer | — | | | — | | | 193 | | | 193 | | | 64,160 | | | 64,353 | |
| Total | $ | 27 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 193 | | | $ | 220 | | | $ | 1,182,090 | | | $ | 1,182,310 | |
________________________
(1) There were no loans 90 days and greater past due and still accruing interest at December 31, 2020.2022.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Loans Past Due as of December 31, 2019 | | | | |
| | 30-59 Days | | 60-89 Days | | 90 Days and Greater | | Total | | Current | | Total Loans (1) |
| | (In thousands) |
| Real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Owner occupied | $ | 79 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 79 | | | $ | 210,819 | | | $ | 210,898 | |
| Non-owner occupied | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 161,630 | | | 161,630 | |
| Multifamily | 2,105 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 2,105 | | | 170,810 | | | 172,915 | |
| Commercial real estate | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 395,152 | | | 395,152 | |
| Construction/land | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 113,665 | | | 113,665 | |
| Total real estate | 2,184 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 2,184 | | | 1,052,076 | | | 1,054,260 | |
| Business | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 37,779 | | | 37,779 | |
| Consumer | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 30,199 | | | 30,199 | |
| Total | $ | 2,184 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 2,184 | | | $ | 1,120,054 | | | $ | 1,122,238 | |
________________________
(1) There were 0 loans 90 days past due and still accruing interest at December 31, 2019.
Nonaccrual Loans. The following table is a summary of nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2020, and 2019, by type of loan:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| | (In thousands) |
| One-to-four family residential | $ | 0 | | | $ | 95 | |
| Multifamily | 2,104 | | | 0 | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Total nonaccrual loans | $ | 2,104 | | | $ | 95 | |
Nonperforming loans were $2.1 million and $95,000 at December 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Foregone interest on nonaccrual loans for the years ended December 31, 2020, and 2019, were $82,000 and $12,000, respectively.
The following tables summarize the loan portfolio at December 31, 2020, and 2019, by type and payment activity:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2020 |
| | One-to-Four
Family
Residential | | Multifamily | | Commercial
Real Estate | | Construction /
Land | | Business | | Consumer | | Total |
| | (In thousands) |
Performing (1) | $ | 381,960 | | | $ | 134,590 | | | $ | 385,265 | | | $ | 92,207 | | | $ | 80,663 | | | $ | 40,621 | | | $ | 1,115,306 | |
| Nonperforming | 0 | | | 2,104 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 2,104 | |
| Total | $ | 381,960 | | | $ | 136,694 | | | $ | 385,265 | | | $ | 92,207 | | | $ | 80,663 | | | $ | 40,621 | | | $ | 1,117,410 | |
____________
(1) There were $206.3 million of owner-occupied one-to-four family residential loans and $175.6 million of non-owner occupied one-to-four family residential loans classified as performing.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2019 |
| | One-to-Four
Family
Residential | | Multifamily | | Commercial
Real Estate | | Construction/
Land | | Business | | Consumer | | Total |
| | (In thousands) |
Performing (1) | $ | 372,433 | | | $ | 172,915 | | | $ | 395,152 | | | $ | 113,665 | | | $ | 37,779 | | | $ | 30,199 | | | $ | 1,122,143 | |
Nonperforming (2) | 95 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 95 | |
| Total | $ | 372,528 | | | $ | 172,915 | | | $ | 395,152 | | | $ | 113,665 | | | $ | 37,779 | | | $ | 30,199 | | | $ | 1,122,238 | |
_____________
(1) There were $210.8 million of owner-occupied one-to-four family residential loans and $161.6 million of non-owner occupied one-to-four family residential loans classified as performing.
(2) There were $95,000 of owner-occupied one-to-four family residential loans and 0 non-owner occupied one-to-four family residential loans classified as nonperforming.
Impaired loans. The loan portfolio is constantly being monitored by management for delinquent loans and changes in the financial condition of each borrower. When an issue is identified with a borrower and it is determined that the loan needs to be classified as nonperforming and/or impaired, an evaluation of the collateral is performed prior to the end of the financial reporting period and, if necessary, an appraisal is ordered in accordance with the Company’s appraisal policy guidelines. Based on this evaluation, any additional provision for loan loss or charge-offs that may be needed is recorded prior to the end of the financial reporting period.
At December 31, 2020, there were 0 commitments to advance funds related to impaired loans. At December 31, 2019, there was $3.1 million committed to be advanced on an impaired $12.5 million construction loan.2023 and 2022, nonaccrual loans totaled $220,000 and $193,000 respectively, representing 0.01% of total assets at both dates.
The following tables present a summary of loans individually evaluated for impairmentcredit losses at December 31, 2020, and 2019,2023, by the type of loan:
| | | | | At December 31, 2023 |
| Recorded Investment (1) | | | Recorded Investment (1) | | Unpaid Principal Balance (2) | | Related Allowance |
| | | | (In thousands) |
| Loans with no related allowance: | | Loans with no related allowance: | | | |
| One-to-four family residential: | | One-to-four family residential: | | | |
| Owner occupied | |
| | Multifamily | |
| Multifamily | |
| Multifamily | |
| Commercial real estate | |
| | Consumer | |
| Consumer | |
| Consumer | |
| Total | |
| Loans with an allowance: | | Loans with an allowance: | | | |
| | | | At December 31, 2020 |
| | Recorded Investment (1) | | Unpaid Principal Balance (2) | | Related Allowance |
| | | (In thousands) |
| Loans with no related allowance: | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential: | | | | | |
| Owner occupied | $ | 274 | | | $ | 365 | | | $ | — | |
| Non-owner occupied | 1,031 | | | 1,031 | | | — | |
| Multifamily | 2,104 | | | 2,104 | | | — | |
| Commercial real estate | 16,669 | | | 16,669 | | | — | |
| | Total | 20,078 | | | 20,169 | | | — | |
| Loans with an allowance: | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential: | | | |
| Owner occupied | 502 | | | 549 | | | 6 | |
| Non-owner occupied | 820 | | | 820 | | | 2 | |
| Consumer | |
| | | Consumer | |
| | Consumer | |
| Total | Total | 1,322 | | | 1,369 | | | 8 | |
| Total impaired loans: | | | | | |
| Total individually evaluated loans: | | Total individually evaluated loans: | | | |
| One-to-four family residential: | One-to-four family residential: | | | | | | One-to-four family residential: | | | |
| Owner occupied | Owner occupied | 776 | | | 914 | | | 6 | |
| Non-owner occupied | 1,851 | | | 1,851 | | | 2 | |
| | Multifamily | |
| Multifamily | |
| Multifamily | Multifamily | 2,104 | | | 2,104 | | | 0 | |
| Commercial real estate | Commercial real estate | 16,669 | | | 16,669 | | | 0 | |
| | Consumer | |
| Consumer | |
| Consumer | |
| Total | Total | $ | 21,400 | | | $ | 21,538 | | | $ | 8 | |
_________________
(1) Represents the loan balance less charge-offs.
(2) Contractual loan principal balance.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | At December 31, 2019 |
| Recorded Investment (1) | | Unpaid Principal Balance (2) | | Related Allowance |
| | (In thousands) |
| Loans with no related allowance: | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential: | | | | | |
| Owner occupied | $ | 437 | | | $ | 582 | | | $ | — | |
| Non-owner occupied | 1,486 | | | 1,486 | | | — | |
| Multifamily | 2,105 | | | 2,105 | | | — | |
| Commercial real estate | 1,266 | | | 1,266 | | | — | |
| Construction/land | 12,524 | | | 15,650 | | | — | |
| | | | | |
| Total | 17,818 | | | 21,089 | | | — | |
| Loans with an allowance: | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential: | | | | | |
| Owner occupied | 505 | | | 552 | | | 13 | |
| Non-owner occupied | 1,647 | | | 1,647 | | | 18 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Total | 2,152 | | | 2,199 | | | 31 | |
| Total impaired loans: | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential: | | | | | |
| Owner occupied | 942 | | | 1,134 | | | 13 | |
| Non-owner occupied | 3,133 | | | 3,133 | | | 18 | |
| Multifamily | 2,105 | | | 2,105 | | | 0 | |
| Commercial real estate | 1,266 | | | 1,266 | | | 0 | |
| Construction/land | 12,524 | | | 15,650 | | | 0 | |
| | | | | |
| Total | $ | 19,970 | | | $ | 23,288 | | | $ | 31 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | At December 31, 2022 |
| Recorded Investment (1) | | Unpaid Principal Balance (2) | | Related Allowance |
| | (In thousands) |
| Loans with no related allowance: | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential: | | | | | |
| Owner occupied | $ | 174 | | | $ | 175 | | | $ | — | |
| Non-owner occupied | 188 | | | 188 | | | — | |
| Multifamily | 1,632 | | | 1,632 | | | — | |
| Commercial real estate | 45,542 | | | 45,542 | | | — | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Total | 47,536 | | | 47,537 | | | — | |
| Loans with an allowance: | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential: | | | | | |
| Owner occupied | 486 | | | 533 | | | 12 | |
| Non-owner occupied | 512 | | | 512 | | | 1 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Total | 998 | | | 1,045 | | | 13 | |
| Total impaired loans: | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential: | | | | | |
| Owner occupied | 660 | | | 708 | | | 12 | |
| Non-owner occupied | 700 | | | 700 | | | 1 | |
| Multifamily | 1,632 | | | 1,632 | | | — | |
| Commercial real estate | 45,542 | | | 45,542 | | | — | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Total | $ | 48,534 | | | $ | 48,582 | | | $ | 13 | |
_____________
(1)Represents the loan balance less charge-offs.
(2)Contractual loan principal balance.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table presents a summary of the average recorded investment in impaired loans, and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the yearsyear ended December 31, 2020 and 2019,2022, by the type of loan:
| | Year Ended December 31, 2022 | | | Year Ended December 31, 2022 |
| Average Recorded Investment | | | Average Recorded Investment | | Interest Income Recognized |
| (In thousands) | | | (In thousands) |
| Loans with no related allowance: | |
| One-to-four family residential: | |
| One-to-four family residential: | |
| One-to-four family residential: | |
| Owner occupied | |
| Owner occupied | |
| Owner occupied | |
| Non-owner occupied | |
| Multifamily | |
| Commercial real estate | |
| | Consumer | |
| Consumer | |
| Consumer | |
| Total | |
| | Loans with an allowance: | |
| Loans with an allowance: | |
| Loans with an allowance: | |
| One-to-four family residential: | |
| One-to-four family residential: | |
| One-to-four family residential: | |
| Owner occupied | |
| Owner occupied | |
| Owner occupied | |
| Non-owner occupied | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| | Average Recorded Investment | | Interest Income Recognized | | Average Recorded Investment | | Interest Income Recognized |
| Total | |
| | (In thousands) |
| Loans with no related allowance: | |
| | Total | |
| | Total | |
| | Total individually evaluated loans: | |
| Total individually evaluated loans: | |
| Total individually evaluated loans: | |
| One-to-four family residential: | One-to-four family residential: | |
| One-to-four family residential: | |
| One-to-four family residential: | |
| Owner occupied | |
| Owner occupied | |
| Owner occupied | Owner occupied | $ | 380 | | | $ | 18 | | | $ | 852 | | | $ | 36 | |
| Non-owner occupied | Non-owner occupied | 1,207 | | | 69 | | | 1,833 | | | 94 | |
| Multifamily | Multifamily | 2,104 | | | 186 | | | 421 | | | 111 | |
| Commercial real estate | Commercial real estate | 10,568 | | | 684 | | | 2,038 | | | 90 | |
| Construction/land | 5,635 | | | 0 | | | 7,143 | | | 834 | |
| | Consumer | |
| Consumer | |
| Consumer | Consumer | 0 | | | 0 | | | 43 | | | 0 | |
| Total | Total | 19,894 | | | 957 | | | 12,330 | | | 1,165 | |
| | Loans with an allowance: | |
| One-to-four family residential: | |
| Owner occupied | 503 | | | 9 | | | 509 | | | 34 | |
| Non-owner occupied | 1,206 | | | 52 | | | 2,092 | | | 93 | |
| | Commercial real estate | 0 | | | 0 | | | 48 | | | 0 | |
| | Total | 1,709 | | | 61 | | | 2,649 | | | 127 | |
| | Total impaired loans: | |
| One-to-four family residential: | |
| Owner occupied | 883 | | | 27 | | | 1,361 | | | 70 | |
| Non-owner occupied | 2,413 | | | 121 | | | 3,925 | | | 187 | |
| Multifamily | 2,104 | | | 186 | | | 421 | | | 111 | |
| Commercial real estate | 10,568 | | | 684 | | | 2,086 | | | 90 | |
| Construction/land | 5,635 | | | 0 | | | 7,143 | | | 834 | |
| Consumer | 0 | | | 0 | | | 43 | | | 0 | |
| Total | $ | 21,603 | | | $ | 1,018 | | | $ | 14,979 | | | $ | 1,292 | |
The following is a summary of information pertaining to TDRs at December 31, 2022 :
| | | | | |
| December 31, 2022 |
| (In thousands) |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Performing TDRs | $ | 1,360 | |
| Nonaccrual TDRs | — | |
| Total TDRs | $ | 1,360 | |
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Troubled Debt Restructurings. The following is a summary of information pertaining to TDRs:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| | (In thousands) |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Performing TDRs | $ | 3,869 | | | $ | 5,246 | |
| Nonaccrual TDRs | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Total TDRs | $ | 3,869 | | | $ | 5,246 | |
The accrual status of a loan may change after it has been classified as a TDR. Management considers the following in determining the accrual status of restructured loans: (1) if the loan was on accrual status prior to the restructuring, the borrower has demonstrated performance under the previous terms, and a credit evaluation shows the borrower’s capacity to continue to perform under the restructured terms (both principal and interest payments), the loan will remain on accrual at the time of the restructuring; (2) if the loan was on nonaccrual status before the restructuring, and the Company’s credit evaluation shows the borrower’s capacity to meet the restructured terms, the loan would remain as nonaccrual for a minimum of six months until the borrower has demonstrated a reasonable period of sustained repayment performance (thereby providing reasonable assurance as to the ultimate collection of principal and interest in full under the modified terms).
The following table presents for the periods indicated TDRs and their recorded investment prior to the modification and after the modification:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| | Number
of Loans | | Pre-Modification Outstanding
Recorded
Investment | | Post-Modification Outstanding
Recorded
Investment | | Number
of Loans | | Pre-Modification Outstanding
Recorded
Investment | | Post-Modification Outstanding
Recorded
Investment |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
| TDRs that occurred during the period: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| One-to-four family residential: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Principal and interest with interest rate
concession | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | 7 | | | $ | 1,360 | | | $ | 1,360 | |
| Advancement of maturity date | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 3 | | | 694 | | | 694 | |
| Commercial real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Advancement of maturity date | 1 | | | 1,249 | | | 1,249 | | | 1 | | | 855 | | | 855 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | 1 | | | $ | 1,249 | | | $ | 1,249 | | | 11 | | | $ | 2,909 | | | $ | 2,909 | |
The CARES Act, signed into law on March 27, 2020, provided guidance around the modification of loans as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which outlined, among other criteria, that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis to borrowers who were current as defined under the CARES Act prior to any relief, are not TDRs. This includes short-term (e.g. generally up to six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. To qualify as an eligible loan under the CARES Act, as amended by the CAA, 2021, a loan modification must be (1) related to the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) executed on a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as ofAt both December 31, 2019;2023 and (3) executed between March 1, 2020, and the earlier of (A) 60 days after the date of termination of the National Emergency by the President or (B) January 1, 2022. At December 31, 2020, total loans receivable included $45.2 million of loans that were on active short-term deferrals under the CARES Act and related regulatory guidance. Loan modifications in accordance with the CARES Act are still subject to an impairment evaluation.
At December 31, 2020 and 2019,2022, the Company had 0 commitments to extend additional credit to borrowers whose loan terms have been modified in a TDR. All TDRs are also classified as impaired loans and are included in the loans individually evaluated for impairment in the calculation of the ALLL.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
TDRs resulted in 0 charge-offs to the ALLL for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no payment defaults on loans modified as TDRs within the previous 12 months.
At December 31, 2020, and 2019, the Bank had 0 loans outstanding with executive officers or directors.
Note 4 - Other Real Estate Owned
The following table is a summary of OREO activity for the periods indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| | (In thousands) |
| Balance at beginning of year | $ | 454 | | | $ | 483 | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Market value adjustments | 0 | | | (29) | |
| Balance at end of year | $ | 454 | | | $ | 454 | |
OREO atAt both December 31, 2020, consisted of $454,000 in commercial real estate properties. At December 31, 2020,2023 and 2022, there was one $2.1 million multifamily loan and 0were no mortgage loans secured by residential real estate in the process of foreclosure.
Note 5 - Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment consisted of the following at December 31, 2020,2023 and 2019:2022:
| | | | December 31, | | December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | | (In thousands) | | (In thousands) |
| Land | Land | $ | 2,226 | | | $ | 2,226 | |
| Buildings and improvements | Buildings and improvements | 20,213 | | | 20,213 | |
| Leasehold improvements | Leasehold improvements | 5,273 | | | 4,040 | |
| Furniture, fixtures and equipment | 5,847 | | | 5,506 | |
| Furniture and fixtures | |
| Equipment | |
| Computer hardware and software | Computer hardware and software | 3,703 | | | 3,297 | |
| | | 37,262 | | | 35,282 | |
| Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | (15,168) | | | (13,043) | |
| Construction in process | Construction in process | 485 | | | 227 | |
| Total premises and equipment, net | Total premises and equipment, net | $ | 22,579 | | | $ | 22,466 | |
Depreciation and amortization expense was $2.2$2.0 million and $1.8$2.2 million for the years ended December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, respectively.
Note 6 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company measures the fair value of financial instruments for reporting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements. Fair values of assets or liabilities are based on estimates of the exit price, which is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability. When available, observable market transactions or market information is used. The fair value estimate of loans receivable was based on similar techniques, with the addition of current origination spreads, liquidity premiums, or credit adjustments. The fair value of nonperforming loans is based on the underlying value of the collateral.
The Company determines the fair values of its financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair values. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect its estimate for market assumptions.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Valuation inputs refer to the assumptions market participants would use in pricing a given asset or liability using one of the three valuation techniques. Inputs can be observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are those assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the particular asset or liability. These inputs are based on market data and are obtained from an independent source. Unobservable inputs are assumptions based on the Company’s own information or estimate of assumptions used by market participants in pricing the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs are based on the best and most current information available on the measurement date.
All inputs, whether observable or unobservable, are ranked in accordance with a prescribed fair value hierarchy:
•Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
•Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable.
•Level 3 - Instruments whose significant value drivers are unobservable.
The Company used the following methods to measure fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis.
•Investments available-for-sale: The fair value of all investments, excluding FHLB stock, was based upon quoted market prices for similar investments in active markets, identical or similar investments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable.
•ImpairedCollateral dependent loans: The fair value of impairedcollateral dependent loans is measured using the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. When the sole source of repayment of the loan is the operation or liquidation of the collateral, the fair value is determined using the observable market price less certain completion costs and completion costs.
•OREO: The fair value ofOREO properties is measured at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value, less costs to sell. Fair values are generally based on third party appraisals of the property, resulting in a Level 3 classification. In cases where the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, less costs to sell, an impairment loss is recognized.
•Derivatives: The fair value of derivatives is based on pricing models utilizing observable market data and discounted cash flow methodologies for which the determination of fair value may require significant management judgment or estimation.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The tables below present the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 recurring measurements during the periods presented):
| | | | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2023 |
| | | Fair Value Measurements | | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | | Fair Value Measurements | | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
| | | (In thousands) | | (In thousands) |
| Available-for-sale investments: | Available-for-sale investments: | | | | | | | | Available-for-sale investments: | | | |
| Mortgage-backed investments: | Mortgage-backed investments: | | | | | | | | Mortgage-backed investments: | | | |
| Fannie Mae | Fannie Mae | $ | 13,288 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 13,288 | | | $ | — | |
| Freddie Mac | Freddie Mac | 4,316 | | | — | | | 4,316 | | | — | |
| Ginnie Mae | Ginnie Mae | 17,127 | | | — | | | 17,127 | | | — | |
| Other | Other | 10,729 | | | — | | | 10,729 | | | — | |
| Municipal bonds | Municipal bonds | 17,446 | | | — | | | 17,446 | | | — | |
| U.S. Government agencies | U.S. Government agencies | 40,635 | | | — | | | 40,635 | | | — | |
| Corporate bonds | Corporate bonds | 24,010 | | | — | | | 24,010 | | | — | |
| | Total available-for-sale investments | Total available-for-sale investments | $ | 127,551 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 127,551 | | | $ | — | |
| | Liabilities: | |
| Derivative fair value liability | $ | 2,825 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,825 | | | $ | — | |
| Total available-for-sale investments | |
| Total available-for-sale investments | |
| Derivative fair value asset | |
| Total | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2022 |
| | Fair Value Measurements | | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
| | (In thousands) |
| Available-for-sale investments: | | | | | | | |
| Mortgage-backed investments: | | | | | | | |
| Fannie Mae | $ | 9,940 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 9,940 | | | $ | — | |
| Freddie Mac | 11,889 | | | 736 | | | 11,153 | | | — | |
| Ginnie Mae | 27,843 | | | — | | | 27,843 | | | — | |
| Other | 32,389 | | | — | | | 32,389 | | | — | |
| Municipal bonds | 30,883 | | | — | | | 30,883 | | | — | |
| U.S. Government agencies | 74,354 | | | 38,450 | | | 35,904 | | | — | |
| Corporate bonds | 30,480 | | | — | | | 30,480 | | | — | |
| Total available-for-sale investments | 217,778 | | | 39,186 | | | 178,592 | | | — | |
| Derivative fair value asset | 10,485 | | | — | | | 10,485 | | | — | |
| Total | $ | 228,263 | | | $ | 39,186 | | | $ | 189,077 | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2019 |
| | Fair Value Measurements | | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
| (In thousands) |
| Available-for-sale investments: | | | | | | | |
| Mortgage-backed investments: | | | | | | | |
| Fannie Mae | $ | 15,629 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 15,629 | | | $ | — | |
| Freddie Mac | 4,292 | | | — | | | 4,292 | | | — | |
| Ginnie Mae | 23,050 | | | — | | | 23,050 | | | — | |
| Other | 11,448 | | | — | | | 11,448 | | | |
| Municipal bonds | 10,911 | | | — | | | 10,911 | | | — | |
| U.S. Government agencies | 45,750 | | | — | | | 45,750 | | | — | |
| Corporate bonds | 25,521 | | | — | | | 25,521 | | | — | |
| Total available-for-sale investments | 136,601 | | | — | | | 136,601 | | | $ | — | |
| Derivative fair value asset | 426 | | | — | | | 426 | | | — | |
| Total fair value assets | $ | 137,027 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 137,027 | | | — | |
The estimated fair value of Level 2 investments is based on quoted prices for similar investments in active markets, identical or similar investments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The tables below present the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2020,2023, and 2019.2022.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2020 |
| Fair Value
Measurements | | Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1) | | Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2) | | Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3) |
| | (In thousands) |
Impaired loans (included in loans receivable, net)(1) | $ | 21,392 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 21,392 | |
| OREO | 454 | | | — | | | — | | | 454 | |
| Total | $ | 21,846 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 21,846 | |
_______________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2023 |
| Fair Value
Measurements | | Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1) | | Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2) | | Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3) |
| | (In thousands) |
| Collateral dependent loans (included in loans receivable) | $ | 45,912 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 45,912 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Total | $ | 45,912 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 45,912 | |
(1) Total value of impaired loans is net of $8,000 of specific reserves on performing TDRs.
| | | | December 31, 2019 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Fair Value
Measurements | | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | | Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2) | | Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3) |
| Fair Value
Measurements | | | Fair Value
Measurements | | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | | Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2) | | Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3) |
| | | (In thousands) | | (In thousands) |
Impaired loans (included in loans receivable, net)(1) | Impaired loans (included in loans receivable, net)(1) | $ | 19,939 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 19,939 | |
| OREO | 454 | | | — | | | — | | | 454 | |
| | Total | Total | $ | 20,393 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 20,393 | |
| Total | |
| Total | |
________________
(1) Total value of impaired loans is net of $31,000$13,000 of specific reserves on performing TDRs.
The following tables present quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 20202023 and 2019.2022.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 20202023 |
| Fair Value | | Valuation Technique(s) | | Unobservable Input(s) | | Range (Weighted Average Change in Fair Value) |
| (Dollars in thousands) |
Collateral dependent loans | $ | 45,912 | | | Market approach | | Appraised value of collateral discounted by expected selling costs | | 0.0% - 14.26% (0.04%) |
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2022 |
| Fair Value | | Valuation Technique(s) | | Unobservable Input(s) | | Range (Weighted Average Change in Fair Value) |
| (Dollars in thousands) |
Impaired Loansloans (1) | $ | 21,39248,521 | | | Discounted cash flows | | Expected values of future cash flows | | 0.0% (0.00%) |
OREO | $ | 454 | | | Market approach | | Estimated selling price lessAppraised value of collateral discounted by expected selling costs | | 0.0% (0.00%- 6.91% (0.06%) |
_______________________________
(1) Total value of impaired loans is net of $8,000$13,000 of specific reserves on performing TDRs.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2019 |
| Fair Value | | Valuation Technique(s) | | Unobservable Input(s) | | Range (Weighted Average Change in Fair Value) |
| (Dollars in thousands) |
Impaired Loans | $ | 19,939 | | | Discounted cash flows | | Expected values of future cash flows | | 0.0% (0.00%) |
OREO | $ | 454 | | | Market approach | | Estimated selling price less selling costs | | 0.0% (0.00%) |
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The fair value calculation of the Company’s financial instruments attempts to incorporate market conditions at a specific point in time. The underlying assumptions are generally subjective and involve uncertainties. Therefore, these fair value estimates are not intended to represent the underlying value of the Company as a whole.
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at December 31, 2020,2023 and 2019,2022, were as follows:
| | | | December 31, 2020 | | Fair Value Measurements Using: | | December 31, 2023 | | Fair Value Measurements Using: |
| | | Carrying Value | | Estimated Fair Value | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Carrying Value | | Estimated Fair Value | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 |
| | | (In thousands) | | (In thousands) |
| Financial Assets: | Financial Assets: | | | | | | | | |
| Cash on hand and in banks | |
| Cash on hand and in banks | |
| Cash on hand and in banks | Cash on hand and in banks | $ | 7,995 | | | $ | 7,995 | | | $ | 7,995 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
| Interest-earning deposits | Interest-earning deposits | 72,494 | | | 72,494 | | | 72,494 | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Investments available-for-sale | Investments available-for-sale | 127,551 | | | 127,551 | | | 0 | | | 127,551 | | | 0 | |
| Investments held-to-maturity | Investments held-to-maturity | 2,418 | | | 2,418 | | | 0 | | | 2,418 | | | 0 | |
| Loans receivable, net | Loans receivable, net | 1,100,582 | | | 1,101,559 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 1,101,559 | |
| FHLB stock | FHLB stock | 6,410 | | | 6,410 | | | 0 | | | 6,410 | | | 0 | |
| Accrued interest receivable | Accrued interest receivable | 5,508 | | | 5,508 | | | 0 | | | 5,508 | | | 0 | |
| | Derivative fair value asset | |
| | Financial Liabilities: | Financial Liabilities: | | | | | |
| Financial Liabilities: | |
| Financial Liabilities: | |
| Deposits | |
| Deposits | |
| Deposits | Deposits | 684,057 | | | 684,057 | | | 684,057 | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Certificates of deposit, retail | Certificates of deposit, retail | 409,576 | | | 418,118 | | | 0 | | | 418,118 | | | 0 | |
| | Brokered deposits | |
| Brokered deposits | |
| Brokered deposits | |
| Advances from the FHLB | Advances from the FHLB | 120,000 | | | 120,006 | | | 0 | | | 120,006 | | | 0 | |
| Accrued interest payable | Accrued interest payable | 211 | | | 211 | | | 0 | | | 211 | | | 0 | |
| Derivative fair value liability | 2,825 | | | 2,825 | | | 0 | | | 2,825 | | | 0 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2019 | | Fair Value Measurements Using: |
| Carrying Value | | Estimated Fair Value | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 |
| (In thousands) |
| Financial Assets: | | | | | | | | | |
| Cash on hand and in banks | $ | 10,094 | | | $ | 10,094 | | | $ | 10,094 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
| Interest-earning deposits | 12,896 | | | 12,896 | | | 12,896 | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Investments available-for-sale | 136,601 | | | 136,601 | | | 0 | | | 136,601 | | | 0 | |
| Loans receivable, net | 1,108,462 | | | 1,096,499 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 1,096,499 | |
| FHLB stock | 7,009 | | | 7,009 | | | 0 | | | 7,009 | | | 0 | |
| Accrued interest receivable | 4,138 | | | 4,138 | | | 0 | | | 4,138 | | | 0 | |
| Derivative fair value asset | 426 | | | 426 | | | 0 | | | 426 | | | 0 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Financial Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | |
| Deposits | 513,959 | | | 513,959 | | | 513,959 | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Certificates of deposit, retail | 425,103 | | | 430,418 | | | 0 | | | 430,418 | | | 0 | |
| Certificates of deposit, brokered | 94,472 | | | 94,556 | | | 0 | | | 94,556 | | | 0 | |
| Advances from the FHLB | 137,700 | | | 137,706 | | | 0 | | | 137,706 | | | 0 | |
| Accrued interest payable | 285 | | | 285 | | | 0 | | | 285 | | | 0 | |
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2022 | | Fair Value Measurements Using: |
| | Carrying Value | | Estimated Fair Value | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 |
| | (In thousands) |
| Financial Assets: | | | | | | | | | |
| Cash on hand and in banks | $ | 7,722 | | | $ | 7,722 | | | $ | 7,722 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| Interest-earning deposits | 16,598 | | | 16,598 | | | 16,598 | | | — | | | — | |
| Investments available-for-sale | 217,778 | | | 217,778 | | | 39,186 | | | 178,592 | | | — | |
| Investments held-to-maturity | 2,444 | | | 2,444 | | | — | | | 2,444 | | | — | |
| Loans receivable, net | 1,167,083 | | | 1,120,403 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,120,403 | |
| FHLB stock | 7,512 | | | 7,512 | | | — | | | 7,512 | | | — | |
| Accrued interest receivable | 6,513 | | | 6,513 | | | — | | | 6,513 | | | — | |
| Derivative fair value asset | 10,485 | | | 10,485 | | | — | | | 10,485 | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Financial Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | |
| Deposits | 782,600 | | | 782,600 | | | 782,600 | | | — | | | — | |
| Certificates of deposit, retail | 262,554 | | | 254,004 | | | — | | | 254,004 | | | — | |
| Brokered deposits | 124,886 | | | 124,843 | | | — | | | 124,843 | | | — | |
| Advances from the FHLB | 145,000 | | | 144,999 | | | — | | | 144,999 | | | — | |
| Accrued interest payable | 328 | | | 328 | | | — | | | 328 | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Fair value estimates are based on existing balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business. The fair value has not been estimated for assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments.
Note 7 - Accrued Interest Receivable
Accrued interest receivable consisted of the following at December 31, 20202023 and 2019:2022:
| | | | December 31, | | December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | | (In thousands) | | (In thousands) |
| Loans receivable | Loans receivable | $ | 5,031 | | | $ | 3,518 | |
| Investments | Investments | 477 | | | 603 | |
| Interest-earning deposits | Interest-earning deposits | 0 | | | 17 | |
| | | $ | 5,508 | | | $ | 4,138 | |
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 8 - Deposits
Deposit accounts consisted of the following at December 31, 20202023 and 2019:2022:
| | | | December 31, | | December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | | (In thousands) | | (In thousands) |
| Noninterest-bearing | Noninterest-bearing | $ | 91,285 | | | $ | 52,849 | |
| Interest-bearing demand | Interest-bearing demand | 108,182 | | | 65,897 | |
| Statement savings | 19,221 | | | 17,447 | |
| Savings | |
| Money market | Money market | 465,369 | | | 377,766 | |
Certificates of deposit, retail (1) | 409,576 | | | 425,103 | |
| Certificates of deposit, brokered | 0 | | | 94,472 | |
| Certificates of deposit, retail | |
| Brokered deposits | |
| | | $ | 1,093,633 | | | $ | 1,033,534 | |
(1) Shown netIncludes $25.1 million and $25.1 million of $12,000brokered interest-bearing demand accounts, $10.4 million and $28,000 unamortized purchase accounting adjustment on$10.0 million of brokered money market accounts, and $95.3 million and $89.8 million of brokered certificates of deposit at December 31, 2020,2023 and 2019,2022, respectively.
At December 31, 2020,2023, scheduled maturities of certificates of deposit were as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | | Amount |
| | | (In thousands) |
| 2021 | | $ | 267,621 | |
| 2022 | | 63,288 | |
| 2023 | | 58,555 | |
| 2024 | | 18,522 | |
| 2025 | | 1,590 | |
| thereafter | | 0 | |
| | | $ | 409,576 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | | Amount |
| | | (In thousands) |
| 2024 | | $ | 330,127 | |
| 2025 | | 85,956 | |
| 2026 | | 9,777 | |
| 2027 | | 16,029 | |
| 2028 | | 10,524 | |
| | |
Total: (1) | | $ | 452,413 | |
_______________
(1) Includes $95.3 million of brokered certificates of deposit.
Deposits included public funds of $59.2$85.8 million and $34.0$61.0 million at December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, respectively.
Certificates of deposit equal to or exceeding the FDIC insured amount of $250,000 included in deposits at December 31, 2020,2023, and 2019,2022, were $135.6$171.4 million and $130.6$89.6 million, respectively. Interest expense on certificates of deposit equal to or exceeding $250,000 totaled $3.0$4.7 million and $2.9$1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, respectively.
Included in total deposits are accounts of $2.1$2.3 million and $2.7 million at both December 31, 2020,2023 and 2019,2022, respectively, which are controlled by related parties.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Interest expense on deposits for the periods indicated was as follows:
| | | | Year Ended December 31, | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| (In thousands) |
| (In thousands) | | | (In thousands) |
| Interest-bearing demand | Interest-bearing demand | $ | 292 | | | $ | 108 | |
| Statement savings | 15 | | | 29 | |
| Savings | |
| Money market | Money market | 3,497 | | | 5,027 | |
| Certificates of deposit, retail | Certificates of deposit, retail | 9,474 | | | 9,549 | |
| Certificates of deposit, brokered | 727 | | | 3,283 | |
| Brokered deposits | |
| | | $ | 14,005 | | | $ | 17,996 | |
Note 9 - Other Borrowings
The BankCompany maintained credit facilities with the FHLB at December 31, 2020,2023 and 2019,2022, totaling $614.4$686.3 million and $588.7$667.9 million, respectively. At December 31, 2020,2023, the credit facility was collateralized by $255.5$224.7 million of single-familyone-to-four family residential mortgages, $196.2$168.7 million of commercial real estate loans, and $72.1$57.9 million of multifamily loans under a blanket lien arrangement. At December 31, 2019,2022, the credit facility was collateralized by $240.8$235.9 million of single-familyone-to-four family residential mortgages, $186.9$163.8 million of commercial real estate loans, and $79.0$62.5 million of multifamily loans under a blanket lien arrangement. The BankCompany also had $82.2 million of unused line-of-credit facilities of $55.8 million with the FRB and $75.0 million with other financial institutions at December 31, 2020,2023, with interest payable at the then stated rate.
Summary information related to outstandingFHLB advances at the FHLBand other borrowings during the years ended December 31, 2020,2023 and 20192022, consisted of the following:
| | Year ended December 31, |
| 2020 | | 2019 |
| (Dollars in thousands) |
| | Year ended December 31, | | | | Year ended December 31, |
| | 2023 | | | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | | | | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Maximum borrowing outstanding at any month end | Maximum borrowing outstanding at any month end | | $ | 160,000 | | | $ | 184,500 | |
| Average borrowing outstanding during year | Average borrowing outstanding during year | | 125,392 | | | 129,899 | |
| Balance outstanding at end of year | Balance outstanding at end of year | | 120,000 | | | 137,700 | |
| Average rate paid during the year | Average rate paid during the year | | 1.31 | % | | 2.09 | % | Average rate paid during the year | | 2.52 | % | | 1.70 | % |
| Weighted-average rate paid at end of year | Weighted-average rate paid at end of year | | 0.36 | | | 1.84 | |
|
At December 31, 2020, all $120.0 million
Scheduled maturities of FHLB advances outstanding at December 31, 2023, were due to mature in 2021.as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Balance Due | | Weighted Average Interest Rate at December 31, 2023 |
| (Dollars in thousands) |
| FHLB overnight Fed Funds | | $ | 10,000 | | | 5.50 | % |
| Fixed rate, maturing within two months | | 115,000 | | | 1.94 | |
| | $ | 125,000 | | | |
Note 10 - Leases
The Company follows ASC topicTopic 842, Leases, recognizing a ROU assets and lease liabilities included on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2020,2023, the Company had thirteen13 operating leases for retail branch locations. The remaining initial lease terms range from 2five months to 10.17.1 years, with most leases carrying optional extensions of three to five years. The Company will include optional lease term extensions in the lease ROU assets and lease liabilities when management
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
believes it is reasonably certain that the term extension will be exercised, andwhich will be determined based on indicators that the Company would have an economic incentive to extend the lease. Short term leases, having a term of one year or less, are expensed in the period of the lease. To calculate the present value of future lease payments, the Company uses thean incremental borrowing rate which is equal to the FHLB advance rate at the time of the lease inception, or at January 1, 2019, for leases in place at that date.
The minimum monthly lease payments are generally based on square footage of the leased premises, with escalating minimum rent over the lease term. At December 31, 2020,2023, the Company was committed to paying $67,000$74,000 per month in minimum monthly lease payments. The minimum monthly lease payment over the initial lease term, including any free rent period, was used to calculate the lease ROU asset and lease liability. The Company’s current leases do not include any non-lease components.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Total lease expense included in the Company’s Consolidated Income Statementconsolidated income statement includes the amortized lease expense under ASC topicTopic 842, Leases, combined with variable lease expenses for maintenance or other expenses as defined in the individual lease agreements. The Company’s consolidated balance sheet includes the lease ROU asset and lease liability. The following table includes details on these items at and for the years ended December 31, 2020,2023, and 2019.2022:
| | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 |
| (in thousands) |
| Lease expense | | $ | 936 | | $ | 752 |
| Right-of-use asset | | 3,647 | | 2,209 |
| | December 31, 2023 | | | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | | | | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Lease expense, year-to-date | | Lease expense, year-to-date | | $ | 1,143 | | $ | 1,107 |
| Lease ROU asset | | Lease ROU asset | | 2,617 | | 3,275 |
| Lease liability | Lease liability | | 3,783 | | 2,279 | Lease liability | | 2,806 | | 3,454 |
| | Weighted average remaining term (in years) | Weighted average remaining term (in years) | | 7.23 | | 6.1 | Weighted average remaining term (in years) | | 4.81 | | 5.16 |
| Weighted average discount rate | Weighted average discount rate | | 2.10% | | 2.94% | Weighted average discount rate | | 2.27% | | 2.10% |
The following table provides a reconciliation between the undiscounted minimum lease payments at December 31, 20202023 and the discounted lease liability at that date:
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 20202023 |
| | (inIn thousands) |
| Due through one year | | $ | 713845 | |
| Due after one year through two years | | 690691 | |
| Due after two years through three years | | 569371 | |
| Due after three years through four years | | 462304 | |
| Due after four years through five years | | 362310 | |
| Due after five years | | 1,286432 | |
| Total minimum lease payments | | 4,0822,953 | |
| Less: present value discount | | 299147 | |
| Lease liability | | $ | 3,7832,806 | |
The Company has secured a lease for a new retail branch in Issaquah, Washington, that commenced in August 2020 and opened in March 2021. The initial lease term is for 66 months and includes three extensions options of five years each. The first five-year extension is included in the lease liability calculation. The monthly rent, not including variable items, is $4,000 with a 3% annual increase thereafter.
Note 11 - Derivatives
The Company uses derivative financial instruments in the form of interest rate swap agreements, which are designated as cash flow hedges, to manage the risk of changes in future cash flows due to interest rate fluctuations. TheAt December 31, 2023, the hedged items have a total notional amount of $120.0$115.0 million, and consist of rolling one-month or three-month FHLB advances that are renewed at the fixed interest rate at each renewal date. The hedging instruments have fourtwo to eight year terms, with remaining terms ranging from 9eight months to 7.175.8 years, and stipulate that the counterparty will pay the Company interest at one-month or three-month LIBORSOFR and the Company will pay a weighted-average fixed interest of 1.22%1.87% on the notional amount of $10.0 million to $50.0$15.0 million. The Company pays or receives the net interest amount monthly or quarterly based on
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
the respective hedge agreement and includes this amount as part of FHLB advances interest expense on borrowings on the Consolidated Income Statement. The Company has secured two forward-starting interest rate swap agreements, effective October 25, 2021, with a total notional amount of $25.0 million, for seven and eight year terms, respectively, and a weighted-average fixed interest of 0.80%.
Quarterly, the effectiveness evaluation is based upon the fluctuation of the interest the Company pays to the FHLB for the debt as compared to the one-month or three-month LIBORSOFR interest received from the counterparty. At December 31, 2020,2023, the $2.8$7.6 million net fair value lossgain of the cash flow hedges was reported with other liabilities.assets. The tax effected amount of $2.2$6.0 million was included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. There were 0no amounts recorded in the Consolidated Income Statements for the years ended December 31, 20202023 or 2019,2022, related to ineffectiveness.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Fair value for these derivative instruments, which generally changes as a result of changes in the level of market interest rates, is estimated based on dealer quotes and secondary market sources.
The following table presents the fair value of derivative instruments as of December 31, 20202023 and 2019:2022:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance Sheet Location | | Fair Value at December 31, 2020 | | Fair Value at December 31, 2019 |
| (In thousands) |
| Interest rate swaps on FHLB debt designated as cash flow hedges | (Other liabilities) other assets | | $ | (2,825) | | | $ | 426 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance Sheet Location | | Fair Value at December 31, 2023 | | Fair Value at December 31, 2022 |
| (In thousands) |
| Interest rate swaps on FHLB debt designated as cash flow hedges | Other assets | | $ | 7,565 | | | $ | 10,485 | |
The following table presents the net unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net of tax, included on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 20202023 and 2019:2022:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | | 2020 Amount of Loss Recognized In OCI, net of tax | | 2019 Amount of Loss Recognized In OCI, net of tax |
| (In thousands) |
| Interest rate swaps on FHLB debt designated as cash flow hedge | Other Comprehensive Income | | $ | (2,568) | | | $ | (977) | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | | 2023 Amount of Loss Recognized In OCI, net of tax | | 2022 Amount of Gain Recognized In OCI, net of tax |
| (In thousands) |
| Interest rate swaps on FHLB debt designated as cash flow hedge | Other Comprehensive Income | | $ | 2,307 | | | $ | 7,105 | |
| | | | | |
Note 12 - Benefit Plans
Multi-employer Pension Plans
The Company participates in the Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan for Financial Institutions (“The Pentegra(the “Pentegra DB Plan”), a tax-qualified defined-benefit pension plan that covers substantially all employees after one year of continuous employment. Pension benefits vest over a period of five years of credited service. The Pentegra DB Plan’s Employer Identification Number is 13-5645888 and the Plan Number is 333. The Pentegra DB Plan operates as a multi-employer plan for accounting purposes and as a multiple-employer plan under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and the Internal Revenue Code. There are no collective bargaining agreements in place that require contributions to the Pentegra DB Plan.
The Pentegra DB Plan is a single plan under Internal Revenue Code Section 413(c) and, as a result, all of the assets stand behind all of the liabilities. Accordingly, under the Pentegra DB Plan, contributions made by a participating employer may be used to provide benefits to participants of other participating employers.
As of March 31, 2013, the Pentegra DB Plan was frozen, eliminating all future benefit accruals for employees. Each employee’s accrued benefit was determined as of March 31, 2013.
The funding target is the present value of all benefits that have accrued as of the first day of the current plan year (July 1). Because interest rates used to calculate the present value of all benefits (5.35%(5.22% for 20202023 and 5.51%5.39% for 2019)2022) is significantly higher than current market value investment rates, the funding target does not represent the Company’s actual liability upon withdrawal from participation in the Pentegra DB Plan, which is significantly larger than the funding target. The table below presents the funded status (market value of plan assets divided by funding target) of the plan as of July 1:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Source | Valuation Report | | Valuation Report |
First Financial Northwest’s Plan(1) | 101.7 | % | | 101.7 | % |
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Source | Valuation Report | | Valuation Report |
First Financial Northwest’s Plan(1) | 95.2 | % | | 101.9 | % |
_________________
(1) Market value of plan assets reflects any contributions received through June 30, 2020, or 2019,2023 and 2022, respectively.
Total contributions made to the Pentegra DB Plan, as reported on Pentegra’s Form 5500, equal $138.3were $142.4 million and $164.6$248.6 million for the plan years ended June 30, 20192022 and June 30, 2018,2021, respectively. The Company’s contributions to the Pentegra DB Plan arefor the year ended December 31, 2023 were not more than 5% of the total contributions to the Pentegra DB Plan.Plan for the plan year ended June 30, 2022. The Company’s policy is to fund pension costs as accrued.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Total contributions to the Pentegra DB Plan by the Company during the years ended December 31, 20202023 and 20192022 were:
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| 2023 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Date Paid | Date Paid | | Amount | | Date Paid | | Amount | Date Paid | | Amount | | Date Paid | | Amount |
| (In thousands) | (In thousands) | (In thousands) |
| 12/8/2020 | | $ | 171 | | | 10/8/2019 | | $ | 37 | |
| 10/16/2023 | |
| | 12/6/2019 | | 503 | |
| Total | Total | | $ | 171 | | | Total | | $ | 540 | |
| Total | |
| Total | |
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan
The Company has entered into post-employment agreements with certain key officers to provide supplemental retirement benefits. The Company recorded $235,000$276,000 and $74,000$177,000 of compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2020,2023, and 2019,2022, respectively. At December 31, 2020,2023, a $1.5$1.2 million liability was included in other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet in support of the expected current and future benefit payments on these agreements. In addition, in January 2020, the Company purchased three annuity contracts, totaling $2.4 million, to satisfy the benefit obligation associated with certain supplemental executive retirement plan agreements. As of December 31, 2023, these annuities were reported as investments held-to-maturity with a fair value of $2.5 million on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
401(k) Plan
The Company has a savings plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, covering substantially all employees after 9060 days of continuous employment. Under thethis Safe Harbor plan, employee contributions up to 6% will be5% of compensation are matched 50%100% by the Company. SuchCompany and said matching becomescontributions are immediately vested over a period of five years of credited service.to the employee. Employees may make investments in various stock, money market, or fixed income plans. The Company contributed $266,000$543,000 and $333,000$365,000 to the plan for the years ended December 31, 2020,2023 and 2019,2022, respectively. In an effort to replace the ESOP benefits that matured in 2022, as outlined below, the Company introduced a profit-sharing plan beginning in 2023, wherein a contribution will be made to every employee’s retirement account in an amount ranging from 5% to 8% annually, based on the Company’s profitability. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded an accrued expense of $737,000 for the plan to be contributed to employees’ retirement accounts in early 2024.
Employee Stock Ownership Plan
The Company provides an ESOP for the benefit of substantially all employees. The ESOP borrowed $16.9 million from First Financial Northwest and used those funds to acquire 1,692,800 shares of First Financial Northwest’s stock at the time of the initial public offering at a price of $10.00 per share. The loan matures on October 8, 2022 and haswhich had a fixed interest rate of 4.88%. matured on October 8, 2022.
Shares purchased by the ESOP with the loan proceeds arewere held in a suspense account and arewere allocated to ESOP participants on a pro rata basis as principal and interest payments arewere made by the ESOP to First Financial Northwest. The loan iswas secured by sharesFirst Financial Northwest’s common stock purchased with the loan proceeds and will bewas repaid by the ESOP with funds from the Company’sBank’s discretionary contributions to the ESOP and earnings on the ESOP assets. Annual principalNo payments were made
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
on ESOP loan in 2023 due to the loan’s maturity in October 2022. Principal and interest payments of $1.6totaled $1.2 million were made by the ESOP during 2020, and 2019.2022.
As shares arewere committed to be released from collateral, the Company reportsreported compensation expense equal to the daily average market prices of the shares and the shares becomebecame outstanding for EPS computations. The compensationCompensation expense iswas accrued throughout the year.
A summary of key transactions for the ESOP for the periods indicatedyears ended December 31, follows:
| | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | | | |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | | (In thousands) | | (In thousands) |
| ESOP contribution expense | ESOP contribution expense | $ | 1,200 | | | $ | 1,698 | |
| Dividends on unallocated ESOP shares used to reduce ESOP contribution | Dividends on unallocated ESOP shares used to reduce ESOP contribution | 124 | | | 148 | |
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Shares held by the ESOP at December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, are as follows:
| | | | December 31, | | December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | | (Dollars in thousands, except share data) | | (Dollars in thousands, except share data) |
| Allocated shares | Allocated shares | 1,495,307 | | | 1,382,453 | |
| Unallocated shares | Unallocated shares | 197,493 | | | 310,347 | |
| Total ESOP shares | Total ESOP shares | 1,692,800 | | | 1,692,800 | |
| Fair value of unallocated shares | Fair value of unallocated shares | $ | 2,251 | | | $ | 4,637 | |
Stock-Based Compensation
In June 2016, First Financial Northwest’s shareholders approved the First Financial Northwest, Inc. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (“2016 Plan”). This plan provides for the granting of incentive stock options (“ISO”), non-qualified stock options (“NQSO”), restricted stock and restricted stock units. The 2016 Plan expires in June 2026. The 2016 Plan established 1,400,000 shares available to grant with a maximum of 400,000 of these shares available to grant as restricted stock awards. Each share issued as a restricted stock award counts as two shares towards the total shares available to be awarded.
As a result of the approval of the 2016 Plan, the First Financial Northwest, Inc. 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (“2008 Plan”) was frozen andwith no additional awards will be made.being made under the 2008 plan. Restricted stock awards and stock options that were granted under the 2008 Plan will continue to vestare fully vested and be available for exercise,unexercised options remain exercisable, subject to the provision of the 2008 Plan provisions.and the respective award agreements. At December 31, 2020,2023, there were 1,172,268848,598 total shares available for future grant under the 2016 Plan, including 286,134144,299 shares available to be granted as restricted stock.
Under the 2016 Plan, the vesting date for each option award or restricted stock award is determined by an award committee and specified in the award agreement. In the case of restricted stock awards granted in lieu of cash payments of directors’ fees, the grant date is used as the vesting date.
Total compensation expense for the both the 20082016 Plan was $605,000 and 2016 Plan$770,000 for the years ended December 31, 2020,2023 and 2019, was $427,000 and $501,000,2022, respectively. The related income tax benefit was $90,000$127,000 and $105,000$162,000 for the years ended December 31, 2020,2023 and 2019,2022, respectively.
Stock Options
Under the 2008 Plan, stock option awards were granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of First Financial Northwest's common stock at the grant date. These option awardsAt December 31, 2023, options granted under the 2008 Plan to purchase 122,500 shares were outstanding and fully vested and exercisable. Stock options have a vestingcontractual period of five years, with 20% vesting on the anniversary date of each grant date, and a contractual life of ten years. Any
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
unexercised stock options will expire ten years after the grant date, or sooner in the event of the award recipient’s death, disability or termination of service with the Company.
Under the 2016 Plan, the exercise price and vesting period for stock options are determined by the award committee and specified in the award agreement, however, the exercise price shall not be less than the fair market value of a share as of the grant date. Any unexercised stock optionoptions will expire 10 years after the award date or sooner in the event of the award recipient’s death, disability, retirement, or termination of service. On August 4, 2023, 40,000 shares were granted as stock options under the 2016 Plan.
A cashless exercise of vested stock options may occur by the option holder surrendering the number of options valued at the current stock price at the time of exercise to cover the total cost to exercise. The surrendered options are canceled and are unavailable for reissue.
The fair value of each option award is estimated on the grant date using a Black-Scholes model that uses the assumptions noted in the table below. The dividend yield is based on the current quarterly dividend in effect at the time of the grant. Historical employment data is used to estimate the forfeiture rate. The historical volatility of the Company’s stock price over a specified period of time is used for the expected volatility assumption. First Financial Northwest bases the risk-free interest rate on the U.S. Treasury Constant Maturity Indices in effect on the date of the grant. First Financial Northwest elected to use the “simplified” method permitted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to calculate the expected term. This method uses the vesting term of an option along with the contractual term, setting the expected life at the midpoint.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
There were 0 The fair value of options granted was determined using the following weighted-average assumptions as of the grant date for the periods indicated. No stock options were granted in 2020. There were 50,000 stock options granted in 2019, however, these shares were forfeited later in the year.2022.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Annual Dividend Yield | 4.31 | % | | N/A |
| Expected volatility | 34.04 | % | | N/A |
| Risk-free interest rate | 4.08 | % | | N/A |
| Expected term | 6.25 years | | N/A |
| Weighted-average grant date fair value per option granted | $ | 2.98 | | | N/A |
A summary of the Company’s stock option plan awards activity for the year ended December 31, 20202023 follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Shares | | Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price | | Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term in Years | | Aggregate
Intrinsic Value |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2019 | 313,000 | | | $ | 10.34 | | | | | $ | 1,440,310 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2020 | 313,000 | | | 10.34 | | | 2.98 | | $ | 397,890 | |
| Expected to vest assuming a 3% forfeiture rate over the vesting term | 313,000 | | | 10.34 | | | 2.98 | | 397,890 | |
| Exercisable at December 31, 2020 | 313,000 | | | 10.34 | | | 2.98 | | 397,890 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Shares | | Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price | | Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term in Years | | Aggregate
Intrinsic Value |
| Outstanding at January 1, 2023 | 217,519 | | | $ | 11.20 | | | | | $ | 823,028 | |
| Granted | 40,000 | | | 12.06 | | | | | |
| Exercised | (95,019) | | | 10.78 | | | | | 114,438 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2023 | 162,500 | | | 11.65 | | | 3.15 | | 296,725 | |
| Vested and expected to vest assuming a 3% forfeiture rate over the vesting term | 161,300 | | | 11.65 | | | 3.10 | | 295,021 | |
| Exercisable at December 31, 2023 | 122,500 | | | 11.52 | | | 1.05 | | 239,925 | |
As of December 31, 2020, there was 02023, unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options.options totaled $104,000.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Restricted Stock Awards
A summary of changes in nonvested restricted stock awards for the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, is as follows:
| | Nonvested Shares | Nonvested Shares | | Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | Nonvested Shares | | Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
| Nonvested at December 31, 2019 | | 16,698 | | | 16.53 | |
| Nonvested at January 1, 2023 | |
| Granted | Granted | | 33,923 | | | 11.27 | |
| Vested | Vested | | (34,393) | | | 12.72 | |
| Nonvested at December 31, 2020 | | 16,228 | | | 13.61 | |
| | Nonvested at December 31, 2023 | |
| Nonvested at December 31, 2023 | |
| Nonvested at December 31, 2023 | |
| | Expected to vest assuming a 3% forfeiture rate over the vesting term | Expected to vest assuming a 3% forfeiture rate over the vesting term | | 15,741 | | | 13.61 | |
| Expected to vest assuming a 3% forfeiture rate over the vesting term | |
| Expected to vest assuming a 3% forfeiture rate over the vesting term | |
As of December 31, 2020,2023, there was $36,000$176,000 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to nonvested shares granted as restricted stock awards. The cost is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of two months. The total fair value of shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2020,2023 and 20192022 were $437,000$694,000 and $459,000,$790,000, respectively.
Note 13 - Federal Income Taxes
The components of income tax expense for the years indicated are as follows:
| | | | Year Ended December 31, | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | | (In thousands) | | (In thousands) |
| Current | Current | $ | 1,937 | | | $ | 2,453 | |
| Deferred | Deferred | 5 | | | 109 | |
| Total income tax expense | Total income tax expense | $ | 1,942 | | | $ | 2,562 | |
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
A reconciliation of the tax provision based on the statutory corporate rate of 21% for the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, and 2019,2022, on pretax income is as follows:
| | | | Year Ended December 31, | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | | (In thousands) | | (In thousands) |
| Income tax expense at statutory rate | Income tax expense at statutory rate | $ | 2,205 | | | $ | 2,715 | |
| Income tax effect of: | Income tax effect of: | |
| Tax exempt interest, net | Tax exempt interest, net | (23) | | | (25) | |
| Tax exempt interest, net | |
| Tax exempt interest, net | |
| BOLI income, net | BOLI income, net | (200) | | | (203) | |
| | Other, net | Other, net | (40) | | | 75 | |
| | Other, net | |
| | Other, net | |
| Total income tax expense | Total income tax expense | $ | 1,942 | | | $ | 2,562 | |
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The deferred tax assets and liabilities, included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, consisted of the following at the dates indicated:
| | | | December 31, | | December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | | (In thousands) | | (In thousands) |
| Deferred tax assets: | Deferred tax assets: | | | | Deferred tax assets: | | | |
| | ALLL | $ | 3,187 | | | $ | 2,775 | |
| Reserve for unfunded commitments | 74 | | | 90 | |
| ACL for loans | |
| ACL for loans | |
| ACL for loans | |
| ACL for unfunded commitments | |
| Deferred compensation | Deferred compensation | 309 | | | 272 | |
| Net unrealized loss on investments available-for-sale | Net unrealized loss on investments available-for-sale | 0 | | | 146 | |
| Net unrealized loss on derivative fair value | 594 | | | 0 | |
| | Reserve for uncollected interest | 45 | | | 0 | |
| | Employee benefit plans | Employee benefit plans | 424 | | | 487 | |
| | OREO market value adjustments | 10 | | | 10 | |
| | Employee benefit plans | |
| | Employee benefit plans | |
| | Accrued expenses | |
| | Accrued expenses | |
| | Accrued expenses | Accrued expenses | 141 | | | 93 | |
| Core deposit intangible | Core deposit intangible | 42 | | | 30 | |
| Expenses to facilitate branch acquisition | Expenses to facilitate branch acquisition | 22 | | | 24 | |
| Split dollar life insurance | Split dollar life insurance | 78 | | | 67 | |
| | Lease liability | Lease liability | 794 | | | 479 | |
| Lease liability | |
| Lease liability | |
| Total deferred tax assets | Total deferred tax assets | 5,720 | | | 4,473 | |
| Deferred tax liabilities: | Deferred tax liabilities: | | | |
| FHLB stock dividends | FHLB stock dividends | 4 | | | 16 | |
| FHLB stock dividends | |
| FHLB stock dividends | |
| Loan origination fees and costs | Loan origination fees and costs | 1,031 | | | 940 | |
| Net unrealized gain on investments available for sale | 392 | | | 0 | |
| Gain on fair value of cash flow hedge | 0 | | | 89 | |
| Net unrealized gain on derivative cash flow hedge | |
| | Fixed assets | |
| Fixed assets | |
| Fixed assets | Fixed assets | 1,785 | | | 1,387 | |
| Goodwill | Goodwill | 42 | | | 29 | |
| Right of use asset | Right of use asset | 766 | | | 464 | |
| Other, net | Other, net | 59 | | | 47 | |
| | Total deferred tax liabilities | |
| Total deferred tax liabilities | |
| Total deferred tax liabilities | Total deferred tax liabilities | $ | 4,079 | | | $ | 2,972 | |
| Deferred tax assets, net | Deferred tax assets, net | $ | 1,641 | | | $ | 1,501 | |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. These calculations are based on many complex factors including estimates of the timing of reversals of temporary differences, the interpretation of federal income tax laws, and a determination of the differences between the tax and the financial reporting basis of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ significantly from the estimates and interpretations used in determining the current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities.
At December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, the Company had 0no net operating loss carryforward.
As a result of the bad debt deductions taken in years prior to 1988, retained earnings includes accumulated earnings of approximately $4.5 million, on which federal income taxes have not been provided. If, in the future, this portion of retained earnings is used for any purpose other than to absorb losses on loans or on property acquired through foreclosure, federal income taxes may be imposed at the then-prevailing corporate tax rates. The BankCompany does not contemplate that such amounts will be used for any purpose that would create a federal income tax liability; therefore no provision has been made.
Under GAAP, a valuation allowance is required to be recognized if it is “more likely than not” that a portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. In order to support a conclusion that a valuation allowance is not needed, management
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
evaluates both positive and negative evidence under the “more likely than not” standard. The weight given to the potential effect of negative and positive evidence should be commensurate with the extent to which the strength of the evidence can be objectively verified. As of December 31, 2020,2023, it was determined the full deferred tax asset would be realized in future periods and a valuation allowance would not be necessary.
The CARES Act, among other things, permits net operating loss (“NOL”) carryovers and carrybacks to offset 100% of taxable income for taxable years beginning before 2021. In addition, the CARES Act allows NOLs incurred in 2018, 2019, and 2020 to be carried back to each of the five preceding taxable years to generate a refund of previously paid income taxes. The Company evaluated the impact of the CARES Act and determined that none of the changes would result in a material income tax benefit to the Company. In addition, the Company has determined that neither the enactment of the CAA, 2021, nor changes to income tax laws or regulations in other jurisdictions have a significant impact on income taxes.
The Company had no unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 20202023 or 2019,2022, and recognized no interest or tax penalties. The Company has filed U.S. federal income tax returns. Income tax returns filed are subject to examination by the U.S. federal, state, and local income tax authorities. While no income tax returns are currently being examined, the Company is no longer subject to tax examination by tax authorities for years prior to 2017.2020.
Note 14 - Regulatory Capital Requirements
Under Federal regulations, pre-conversion retained earnings are restricted for the protection of pre-conversion depositors.
The CompanyFirst Financial Northwest is a bank holding company under the supervision of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.FRB. Bank holding companies are subject to capital adequacy requirements of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”)Board under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, and the regulations of the Federal Reserve Board, except that, pursuant to the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act, effective August 30, 2018, a bank holding company with consolidated assets of less than $3 billion is generally not subject to the Federal Reserve’s capital regulations, which parallel the FDIC’s capital regulations. The Bank is a federally insured institution and thereby is subject to the capital requirements established by the FDIC. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and, possibly, additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital regulations that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-off balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices, and until August 30, 2018,practices. First Financial Northwest was subject to similar capital regulations. The Company was not subject to regulatory requirements for bank holding companies at December 31, 2020,2023 and 2019,2022, as its assets were less than the $3.0 billion threshold.
The capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table that follows) of total and Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets (as defined in the regulations) and of Tier 1 capital to average assets.
As of December 31, 2020,2023, according to the most recent notification from the FDIC, the Bank was categorized as well‑capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since the notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.
First Financial Northwest
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios at December 31, 2020,2023 and 2019,2022, are presented in the following table.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | To be Well Capitalized | | | | | To be Well Capitalized |
| | | | | | | | For Capital Adequacy | | Under Prompt Corrective | | | | | For Capital Adequacy | | Under Prompt Corrective |
| | | | Actual | | Purposes | | Action Provisions | | | Actual | | Purposes | | Action Provisions |
| | | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio | | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio |
| | | | (Dollars in thousands) | | | (Dollars in thousands) |
| December 31, 2020: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2023: | | December 31, 2023: | | |
| | Total risk-based capital | Total risk-based capital | | $ | 152,610 | | | 15.57 | % | | $ | 78,406 | | | 8.00 | % | | $ | 98,008 | | | 10.00 | % |
| Total risk-based capital | |
| Total risk-based capital | | | $ | 171,971 | | | 16.15 | % | | $ | 85,194 | | | 8.00 | % | | $ | 106,493 | | | 10.00 | % |
| | | Tier 1 risk-based capital | |
| | Tier 1 risk-based capital | |
| | Tier 1 risk-based capital | Tier 1 risk-based capital | | 140,319 | | | 14.32 | | | 58,805 | | | 6.00 | | | 78,406 | | | 8.00 | |
| | | Common equity tier 1 capital (“CET1”) | Common equity tier 1 capital (“CET1”) | | 140,319 | | | 14.32 | | | 44,103 | | | 4.50 | | | 63,705 | | | 6.50 | |
| | Common equity tier 1 capital (“CET1”) | |
| | Common equity tier 1 capital (“CET1”) | |
| | | Tier 1 leverage capital | Tier 1 leverage capital | | 140,319 | | | 10.29 | | | 54,551 | | | 4.00 | | | 68,189 | | | 5.00 | |
| | December 31, 2019: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Tier 1 leverage capital | |
| | Tier 1 leverage capital | |
| | December 31, 2022: | |
| December 31, 2022: | |
| December 31, 2022: | | | |
| | Total risk-based capital | Total risk-based capital | | $ | 148,048 | | | 14.38 | % | | $ | 82,359 | | | 8.00 | % | | $ | 102,949 | | | 10.00 | % |
| Total risk-based capital | |
| Total risk-based capital | | | $ | 169,755 | | | 15.62 | % | | $ | 86,942 | | | 8.00 | % | | $ | 108,678 | | | 10.00 | % |
| | | Tier 1 risk-based capital | |
| | Tier 1 risk-based capital | |
| | | Tier 1 risk-based capital | Tier 1 risk-based capital | | 135,170 | | | 13.13 | | | 61,769 | | | 6.00 | | | 82,359 | | | 8.00 | |
| | | | Common equity tier 1 capital (“CET1”) | Common equity tier 1 capital (“CET1”) | | 135,170 | | | 13.13 | | | 46,327 | | | 4.50 | | | 66,917 | | | 6.50 | |
| | | Common equity tier 1 capital (“CET1”) | |
| | Common equity tier 1 capital (“CET1”) | |
| | | Tier 1 leverage capital | Tier 1 leverage capital | | 135,170 | | | 10.27 | | | 52,630 | | | 4.00 | | | 65,787 | | | 5.00 | |
| | | Tier 1 leverage capital | |
| | Tier 1 leverage capital | |
|
In addition to the minimum CET1, Tier 1, total capital and leverage ratios, the Bank must maintain a capital conservation buffer consisting of additional CET1 capital greater than 2.5% of risk-weighted assets above the required minimum levels in order to avoid limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses based on percentages of eligible retained income that could be utilized for such actions. As of December 31, 2020,2023, the Bank’s capital conservation buffer was 7.57%8.15%.
Note 15 - Commitments and Contingencies
Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk. In the normal course of business, the Company makes loan commitments, typically unfunded loans and unused lines of credit, to accommodate the financial needs of its customers. These arrangements have credit risk essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers and are subject to the Company’s normal credit policies, including collateral requirements, where appropriate. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to customers in accordance with predetermined contractual provisions. These commitments are for specific periods or, may contain termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee. The total amounts of unused commitments do not necessarily represent future credit exposure or cash requirements, in that commitments can expire without being drawn upon. Unfunded commitments to originate loans or extend credit totaled $100.6$83.6 million at December 31, 2020,2023, and $129.7$74.0 million at December 31, 2019.2022.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Lease Commitments. First Financial Northwest BankThe Company has entered into lease commitments for its branches located in Mill Creek, Edmonds, Renton, Bellevue, Woodinville, Smokey Point, Lake Stevens, Bothell, Kent, Kirkland, University Place, Gig Harbor, and Issaquah, all in Washington. For more information on the Company’s lease commitments, see Note 10 - Leases.
Legal Proceedings. The Company and its subsidiaries are from time to time defendants in and are threatened with various legal proceedings arising from their regular business activities. Management, after consulting with legal counsel, is of
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
the opinion that the ultimate liability, if any, resulting from these pending or threatened actions and proceedings will not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
Employment Contracts and Severance Agreements. The Company has change in control severance agreements with key officers that offer specified terms of salary coverage. In addition, the Company has employment contracts with certain executives that include specified terms of salary coverage as a result of involuntary termination due to change in control or other circumstances.
Note 16 - Parent Company Only Financial Statements
Presented below are the condensed balance sheets, income statements and statements of cash flows for First Financial Northwest.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC.
Condensed Balance Sheets
| | | | December 31, | | December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | | (In thousands) | | (In thousands) |
| Assets | Assets | | | | Assets | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 82 | | | $ | 235 | |
| Interest-bearing deposits | Interest-bearing deposits | 14,346 | | | 18,456 | |
| | Investment in subsidiaries | |
| Investment in subsidiaries | |
| Investment in subsidiaries | Investment in subsidiaries | 141,376 | | | 136,907 | |
| Receivable from subsidiaries | Receivable from subsidiaries | 689 | | | 990 | |
| Deferred tax assets, net | 2 | | | 0 | |
| | Other assets | |
| Other assets | |
| Other assets | Other assets | 28 | | | 46 | |
| Total assets | Total assets | $ | 156,523 | | | $ | 156,634 | |
| | Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | | | |
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | |
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | |
| Liabilities: | Liabilities: | | | |
| Liabilities: | |
| Liabilities: | |
| Payable to subsidiaries | |
| Payable to subsidiaries | |
| Payable to subsidiaries | Payable to subsidiaries | $ | 64 | | | $ | 128 | |
| Deferred tax liability, net | Deferred tax liability, net | 0 | | | 2 | |
| Other liabilities | Other liabilities | 157 | | | 185 | |
| Total liabilities | Total liabilities | 221 | | | 315 | |
| Stockholders’ equity | Stockholders’ equity | 156,302 | | | 156,319 | |
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 156,523 | | | $ | 156,634 | |
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC.
Condensed Income Statements
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| | (In thousands) |
| Operating income: | | | |
| Interest income: | | | |
| Interest-bearing deposits with banks | $ | 56 | | | $ | 153 | |
| | | |
| Total operating income | 56 | | | 153 | |
| Operating expenses: | | | |
| Other expenses | 1,648 | | | 1,732 | |
| Total operating expenses | 1,648 | | | 1,732 | |
Loss before benefit for federal income taxes and equity in undistributed
earnings of subsidiaries | (1,592) | | | (1,579) | |
| Federal income tax benefit | (360) | | | (363) | |
| Loss before equity in undistributed loss of subsidiaries | (1,232) | | | (1,216) | |
| Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries | 9,788 | | | 11,585 | |
| Net income | $ | 8,556 | | | $ | 10,369 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2023 | | 2022 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
| Operating income: | | | | |
| Interest income: | | | | |
| Interest-bearing deposits with banks | $ | 97 | | | $ | 13 | | |
| Total interest income | 97 | | | 13 | | |
| Noninterest income: | | | | |
| Other income | 164 | | | 25 | | |
| Total noninterest income | 164 | | | 25 | | |
| Total operating income | 261 | | | 38 | | |
| Operating expenses: | | | | |
| Other expenses | 1,790 | | | 1,942 | | |
| Total operating expenses | 1,790 | | | 1,942 | | |
Loss before benefit for federal income taxes and equity in undistributed
earnings of subsidiaries | (1,529) | | | (1,904) | | |
| Federal income tax benefit | (316) | | | (411) | | |
| Loss before equity in undistributed loss of subsidiaries | (1,213) | | | (1,493) | | |
| Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries | 7,518 | | | 14,733 | | |
| Net income | $ | 6,305 | | | $ | 13,240 | | |
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC.
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | (In thousands) |
| Cash flows from operating activities: | | | |
| Net income | $ | 6,305 | | | $ | 13,240 | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating | | | |
| activities: | | | |
| Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries | (7,518) | | | (14,733) | |
| Dividends received from subsidiary | 4,806 | | | 8,198 | |
| Restricted stock compensation | 25 | | | 6 | |
| Change in deferred tax liability, net | 3 | | | 8 | |
| Change in receivables from subsidiaries | (5) | | | 33 | |
| Change in payables to subsidiaries | (4) | | | (106) | |
| Change in other assets | (450) | | | (211) | |
| Changes in other liabilities | (28) | | | 42 | |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 3,134 | | | 6,477 | |
| Cash flows from investing activities: | | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| ESOP loan repayment | — | | | 1,173 | |
| Net cash provided by investing activities | — | | | 1,173 | |
| Cash flows from financing activities: | | | |
| Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 1,023 | | | 454 | |
| Proceeds for vested awards | 553 | | | 737 | |
| Net share settlement of stock awards | (1,017) | | | (226) | |
| Repurchase and retirement of common stock | — | | | (1,398) | |
| Dividends paid | (4,763) | | | (4,343) | |
| Net cash used in financing activities | (4,204) | | | (4,776) | |
| Net (decrease) increase in cash | (1,070) | | | 2,874 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 9,835 | | | 6,961 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | 8,765 | | | $ | 9,835 | |
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC.
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| | (In thousands) |
| Cash flows from operating activities: | | | |
| Net income | $ | 8,556 | | | $ | 10,369 | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating | | | |
| activities: | | | |
| Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries | (9,788) | | | (11,585) | |
| Dividends received from subsidiary | 4,888 | | | 6,525 | |
| ESOP, stock options, and restricted stock compensation | 24 | | | 19 | |
| Change in deferred tax liability, net | (4) | | | 0 | |
| Change in receivables from subsidiaries | 9 | | | (9) | |
| Change in payables to subsidiaries | (64) | | | 81 | |
| Change in other assets | 18 | | | 6 | |
| Changes in other liabilities | (28) | | | 2 | |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 3,611 | | | 5,408 | |
| Cash flows from investing activities: | | | |
| | | |
| ESOP loan repayment | 1,421 | | | 1,354 | |
| Net cash provided in investing activities | 1,421 | | | 1,354 | |
| Cash flows from financing activities: | | | |
| Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 0 | | | 21 | |
| Proceeds for vested awards | 358 | | | 383 | |
| Net share settlement of stock awards | (73) | | | (93) | |
| Repurchase and retirement of common stock | (5,706) | | | (7,406) | |
| Dividends paid | (3,874) | | | (3,478) | |
| Net cash used by financing activities | (9,295) | | | (10,573) | |
| Net decrease in cash | (4,263) | | | (3,811) | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 18,691 | | | 22,502 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | 14,428 | | | $ | 18,691 | |
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 17 - Earnings Per Share
The following table presents a reconciliation of the components used to compute basic and diluted EPS for the periods indicated.
| | | | Year Ended December 31, | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | | (Dollars in thousands, except share data) | | (Dollars in thousands, except share data) |
| Net income | Net income | $ | 8,556 | | | $ | 10,369 | |
| Earnings allocated to participating securities | Earnings allocated to participating securities | (14) | | | (16) | |
| Earnings allocated to common shareholders | Earnings allocated to common shareholders | $ | 8,542 | | | $ | 10,353 | |
| | Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding | Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding | 9,734,493 | | | 9,976,056 | |
| Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding | |
| Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding | |
| Dilutive effect of stock options | Dilutive effect of stock options | 20,460 | | | 93,446 | |
| Dilutive effect of restricted stock grants | Dilutive effect of restricted stock grants | 3,691 | | | 6,404 | |
| Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding | Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding | 9,758,644 | | | 10,075,906 | |
| | Basic earnings per share | Basic earnings per share | $ | 0.88 | | | $ | 1.04 | |
| Basic earnings per share | |
| Basic earnings per share | |
| Diluted earnings per share | Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.88 | | | $ | 1.03 | |
Potential dilutiveFor the year ended December 31, 2023, there were 80,000 options to purchase shares are excludedof common stock that were omitted from the computation of EPS ifdiluted earnings per share because their effect iswould be anti-dilutive. OptionsNo options to purchase additional 203,000 shares of common stock were not included inomitted because their effect would be anti-dilutive for the computation of diluted EPS atyear ended December 31, 2020, as the incremental shares under the treasury stock method of calculation resulted in them being antidilutive. At December 31, 2019, there were 0 anti-dilutive shares outstanding related to options to acquire common stock..2022.
Note 18 - Revenue Recognition
In accordance with Topic 606, revenues are recognized when goods or services are transferred to the customer in exchange for the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to receive. To determine the appropriate recognition of revenue for transactions within the scope of Topic 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with the customer; (ii) identify the separate performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the separate performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when the entity satisfies a performance obligation. A contract may not exist if there are doubts as to collectability of the amounts the Company is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services transferred. If a contract is determined to be within the scope of Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue as it satisfies a performance obligation. The largest portion of the Company’s revenue is from net interest income which is not within the scope of Topic 606.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table includes the Company’s noninterest income disaggregated by type of service for the years ended December 31, 20202023 and 2019:2022:
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| 2020 | | 2019 |
| (In thousands) |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| 2023 | | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| (In thousands) | | | (In thousands) |
Gain on sales of investment securities (1) | Gain on sales of investment securities (1) | $ | 86 | | | $ | 151 | |
BOLI income (1) | BOLI income (1) | 982 | | | 994 | |
| Wealth management revenue | Wealth management revenue | 663 | | | 879 | |
| Deposit servicing fees | 277 | | | 284 | |
| Deposit related fees | |
| Debit card and ATM fees | Debit card and ATM fees | 478 | | | 449 | |
| Loan servicing fees | 1,517 | | | 681 | |
| Loan interest swap servicing fees | 430 | | | 663 | |
| Loan related fees | |
| | Other | |
| Other | |
| Other | Other | 9 | | | 40 | |
| Total noninterest income | Total noninterest income | $ | 4,442 | | | $ | 4,141 | |
____________
(1) Not in scope of Topic 606
For the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, substantially all of the Company’s revenues under the scope of Topic 606 are for performance obligations satisfied at a specified date.
Revenues recognized within scope of Topic 606
Wealth management revenue: Our wealth management revenue consists of commissions received on the investment portfolio managed by Bank personnel but held by a third party. Commissions are earned on brokerage services and advisory services based on contract terms at the onset of a new customer’s investment agreement or quarterly for ongoing services. Commissions are paid by the third party to the Bank when the performance obligation has been completed by both entities.
Deposit related fees: Fees are earned on our deposit accounts for various products or services performed for our customers. Fees include business account fees, non-sufficient fund fees, stop payment fees, wire services, safe deposit box, and others. These fees are recognized on a daily, monthly or annual basis, depending on the type of service.
Debit card and ATM fees: Fees are earned when a debit card issued by the Bank is used or when other bank’s customers use our ATM services. Revenue is recognized at the time the fees are collected from the customer’s account or remitted by the VISA interchange network.
Loan related fees: Noninterest fee income is earned on our loans for servicing or annual fees on certain loan types. Fees are also earned on the prepayment of certain loans, and are recognized at the time the loan is paid off.
Loan interest swap fees: For loans participating in an interest rate swap agreement, servicing fees are earned at the onset of the agreement and are not contingent on any future performance or term length of the loan itself. The performance obligation is satisfied by entering into the contract and receipt of the fees from the counterparty.
Other: Fees earned on other services, such as merchant services or occasional non-recurring type services, are recognized at the time of the event or the applicable billing cycle.
Contract Balances
At December 31, 2020,2023, the Company had 0no contract liabilities where the Company had an obligation to transfer goods or services for which the Company had already received consideration. In addition, the Company had 0no material performance obligations as of this date.
Note 19 - Subsequent Events
On February 1, 2021, the Company began repurchasing shares of common stock under the repurchase plan approved by the Company’s Board of Directors on December 21, 2020, authorizing the repurchase of approximately 486,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. At March 8, 2021, the Company had repurchased 80,422 shares at an average price of $12.96 per share. At this date, 405,578 shares remained available for repurchase under this plan.
FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
In late February 2021, we discovered that the lead bank on loans we had participated in had downgraded certain loans to special mention. We are in the process of conducting an independent analysis of these loans. If we determine it is appropriate, the result will be a downgrade of approximately $5.4 million in these commercial real estate participation loans (secured by nursing home/rehabilitation facilities), we estimate that this could impact our ALLL for the quarter ending March 31, 2021, by an amount between $400,000 and $500,000.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
(i) Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
An evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) was carried out as of December 31, 20202023, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), and several other members of our senior management. The CEO (Principal Executive Officer) and CFO (Principal Financial Officer) concluded that, as of December 31, 2020, First Financial Northwest’s2023, The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information we are required to disclose in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and (2) accumulated and communicated to First Financial Northwest management, including its CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure, specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
(a) Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting.
First Financial Northwest’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. First Financial Northwest’sThe Company’s internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and the Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
This process includes policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions of First Financial Northwest;the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of First Financial Northwestthe Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of First Financial Northwest; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of First Financial Northwest’sthe Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. A control procedure, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Also, because of the inherent limitations in all control procedures, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. As a result of these inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Furthermore, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
First Financial Northwest’s management assessed the effectiveness of First Financial Northwest’sthe Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020.2023. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 Framework). Based on that assessment, First Financial Northwest’s management believes that, as of December 31, 2020, First Financial Northwest’s2023, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting iswas effective based on those criteria.
Moss Adams LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2020,2023, which is included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
(b) Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.
The “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10‑K is incorporated herein by reference.Not applicable.
(c) Changes in internal control over financial reporting.
There were no significant changes in First Financial Northwest’sAs required by Rule 13a-15(d), our management, including our CEO and CFO, also conducted an evaluation of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting to determine whether any changes occurred during First Financial Northwest’s most recent fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, First Financial Northwest’sthe Company’s internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
(a) There was no information to be disclosed by us in a report on Form 8-K during the fourth quarter of fiscal 20202023 that was not so disclosed.
(b) During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, no director or officer (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) of the Corporation adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information requiredcontained under the section captioned “Proposal 1 - Election of Directors” in First Financial Northwest’s Definitive Proxy Statementdefinitive proxy statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (“Proxyto be held on May 23, 2024 (the “Proxy Statement”) is incorporated herein by reference.
For information regarding the executive officers of First Financial Northwest and the Bank,Company, see the information contained herein under the section captioned “Item 1. Business - Personnel -Information about our Executive OfficersOfficers”, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Nominating Procedures
There have been no material changes to the procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to our Board of the Registrant.”Directors since last disclosed to stockholders.
Audit Committee Financial Expert
The Company has a separately-designated standing Audit Committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act. At December 31, 2020,2023, our Audit Committee was composed of Directors Joann E. Lee (Chairman)(Chair), Richard M. RiccobonoCindy L. Runger and Ralph C. Sabin. Each member of the Audit Committee is “independent”, as independence is defined for audit committee members in the listing standards of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC. Our Board of Directors has designated Directors Joann E. Lee, Richard M. RiccobonoCindy L. Runger and Ralph C. Sabin as the Audit Committee financial experts, as defined in the SEC’s Regulation S-K. Directors Joann E. Lee, Richard M. Riccobono and Ralph C. Sabin are independent as that term is used in Item 407(d)(5)(i)(B) of SEC’s Regulation S-K.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
A copy of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on our website at www.ffnwb.com under Investor Relations – Corporate Overview – Governance Documents. Additionally, any material amendments to, or waiver from a provision of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics will be posted to the same website.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this itemcontained under the sections captioned “Executive Compensation” and “Directors’ Compensation” in the Proxy Statement areis incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
(a)Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.
The information required by this itemcontained under the section captioned “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.
(b) Security Ownership of Management.
The information required by this itemcontained under the section captioned “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.
(c) Change In Control
On January 10, 2024, First Financial Northwest and the Bank entered into a definitive agreement in which Global Federal Credit Union will acquire the Bank. The transaction is structured as a purchase and assumption agreement with Global purchasing substantially all assets and assuming substantially all liabilities of the Bank for $231.2 million in cash, subject to certain adjustments. Except for the foregoing, First Financial Northwest is not aware of any arrangements, including any pledge by any person of securities of First Financial Northwest, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of First Financial Northwest.the Company.
(d) Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table summarizes share and exercise price information about First Financial Northwest’s equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2020.2023.
| | Plan category | Plan category | | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants, and rights | | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants, and rights | | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) | Plan category | | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants, and rights | | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants, and rights | | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) |
| (a) | | (b) | | (c) |
| Equity compensation plans (stock options) approved by security holders: | |
| | (a) | | | | (a) | | (b) | | (c) |
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders: | |
| 2008 Equity Incentive Plan | |
| 2008 Equity Incentive Plan | |
| 2008 Equity Incentive Plan | 2008 Equity Incentive Plan | | 313,000 | | | $ | 10.34 | | | — | |
2016 Equity Incentive Plan (1) | 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (1) | | — | | | — | | | 1,172,268 | |
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | | N/A |
| Total | Total | | 313,000 | | | $ | 10.34 | | | 1,172.268 | |
___________________
(1) The shares available for future grant under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan include 286,134144,299 shares of restricted stock.which may be granted as stock awards. Each share granted as restricted stock award reduces the total available shares for grant by two shares.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence
The information required by this itemcontained under the sections captioned “Meetings and Committees of the Board of Directors and
Corporate Governance Matters - Corporate Governance - Transactions with Related Persons,” and “Meetings and Committees of the Board of Directors and Corporate Governance Matters - Corporate Governance - Director Independence” in the Proxy Statement areis incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. Principal AccountingAccountant Fees and Services
The information required by this item under the section captioned "Proposal 4-3 - Ratification of the appointmentAppointment of Moss Adams as our independent auditor for 2021”Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) Exhibits
| | | | | |
| 2.1 | | | | | |
| 3.1 | |
| 3.2 | |
| 4.1 | |
| 4.2 | |
| +10.1 | |
| +10.2 | |
| +10.3 | |
| +10.4 | |
| +10.5 | |
| +10.6 | |
| +10.7 | |
| +10.8 | |
| +10.9 | |
| +10.10 | |
| +10.11 | |
| +10.12 | |
| +10.13 | |
| +10.14 | |
| +10.15 | |
| +10.16 | |
| +10.17 | |
| +10.18 | |
| 14 | |
| 21 | |
| 23 | |
| 31.1 | |
| 31.2 | |
| 32.1 | |
| 32.2 | |
| 97 | |
| 101 | The following materials from First Financial Northwest’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (1) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (2) Consolidated Income Statements; (3) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (4) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity; (5) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (6) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Date File |
______________
(1)Filed as an exhibit to First Financial Northwest’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 11, 2024.
(2) Filed as an exhibit to First Financial Northwest’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 on June, 6, 2007 (333-143539)(SEC File No. 333-143539).
(2)(3) Filed as an exhibit to First Financial Northwest’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 15, 2020.April 6, 2023.
(3)(4) Filed as an exhibit to First Financial Northwest’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for December 31, 2020 filed on March 12, 2021.
(5) Filed as an exhibit to First Financial Northwest’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 5, 2013.
(4)(6) Filed as an exhibit to First Financial Northwest’sNorthwest's Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 9, 2014.December 21, 2020.
(5)(7) Filed as an exhibit to First Financial Northwest’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 15, 2020.
(6)(8) Filed as Appendix A to First Financial Northwest’s definitive proxy statement dated April 15, 2008.
(7)(9) Filed as an exhibitAppendix A to First Financial Northwest’s Current Report on Form 8-KNorthwest's definitive proxy statement dated June 15,April 28, 2016.
(8)(10) Filed as an exhibit to First Financial Northwest’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 1, 2008.
(9)(11) Filed as an exhibit to First Financial Northwest’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for March 31, 2018 filed on May 8, 2018.
(10)(12) Filed as an exhibit to First Financial Northwest’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 on June 15, 2016 (333-212029)(SEC File No. 333-212029).
(11)(13) Filed as an exhibit to First Financial Northwest’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for September 30, 2018 filed November 7, 2018.
(12)(14) Filed as an exhibit to First Financial Northwest’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 20, 2018.
(13)(15) Filed as an exhibit to First Financial Northwest’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 3, 2019.
(14)(16) Filed as an exhibit to First Financial Northwest’sNorthwest's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 15, 2020.May 16, 2023.
(15)(17) Filed as an exhibit to First Financial Northwest’sNorthwest's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 15, 2020.May 16, 2023.
(16)(18) Filed as an exhibit to First Financial Northwest’sNorthwest's Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 21, 2020.
“+” indicates management contract, compensatory plan, or arrangement.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.
None.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| | | | | | | | |
| | FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. |
| |
| |
Date: March 12, 202113, 2024 | By: | /s/ Joseph W. Kiley III |
| | | Joseph W. Kiley III |
| | | President and Chief Executive Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Signature | | Title | | Date |
| | | | | |
/s/ Daniel L. StevensRalph C. Sabin | | ChairmanChair of the Board and Director | | March 12, 202113, 2024 |
Daniel L. StevensRalph C. Sabin | | | | |
| | | | | |
| /s/ Joseph W. Kiley III | | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director | | March 12, 202113, 2024 |
| Joseph W. Kiley III | | (Principal Executive Officer) | | |
| | | | | |
| /s/ Richard P. Jacobson | | Chief Financial Officer and Director | | March 12, 202113, 2024 |
| Richard P. Jacobson | | (Principal Financial Officer) | | |
| | | | | |
/s/ Christine A. HuestisEva Q. Ngu | | First Vice President and Controller | | March 12, 202113, 2024 |
Christine A. HuestisEva Q. Ngu | | (Principal Accounting Officer) | | |
| | | | |
| /s/ Diane C. Davis | | Director | | March 12, 202113, 2024 |
| Diane C. Davis | | | | |
| | | | |
| /s/ Joann E. Lee | | Director | | March 12, 202113, 2024 |
| Joann E. Lee | | | | |
| | | | | |
| /s/ Roger H. Molvar | | Director | | March 12, 202113, 2024 |
| Roger H. Molvar | | | | |
| | | | |
/s/ Richard M. RiccobonoCindy L. Runger | | Director | | March 12, 202113, 2024 |
Richard M. RiccobonoCindy L. Runger | | | | |
| | | | |
/s/ Ralph C. Sabin | | Director | | March 12, 2021 |
Ralph C. Sabin | | | | |
