UNITED STATES

 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

 Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K10-K/A
(Amendment No. 1)

Commission File Number: 000‑06890

Mechanical Technology, Incorporated

 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

__________________

325 Washington Avenue Extension, Albany, New York 12205

 (Address of registrant’s principal executive office)offices)                                       (Zip Code)

(518) 218-2550

 (Registrant’s (Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities Registered Pursuantregistered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock

($0.01 par value)

Title of Class

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes¨☐   No x☑

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨☐    Nox☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x☑   No ¨☐

Indicate by checkmarkcheck mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yesx☑   No¨☐ 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (Section 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large"large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and “smaller reporting company”"emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one):Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.     ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes¨☐ Nox☑

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 20122020 (based on the last sale price of $0.35$0.70 per share for such stock reported on the over-the-counter market for that date) was $1,573,807.

$3,756,086.

As of March 15, 2013,April 27, 2021, the Registrant had 5,256,8839,889,762 shares of common stock outstanding.

Documents incorporated by reference: Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for its 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

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 INDEX TO FORM 10-K
 

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PART IEXPLANATORY NOTE

Item 1: Business

UnlessMechanical Technology, Incorporated ("MTI," the context requires otherwise in"Company," "we," "us," or "our") is filing this  Amendment No. 1 ("Amendment") to its Annual Report on Form 10-K the terms “we”, “us” and “our” refer to Mechanical Technology, Incorporated, “MTI Instruments” refers to MTI Instruments, Inc., and “MTI Micro” refers to MTI MicroFuel Cells, Inc. We have a registered trademark in the United States for “Mobion”. Other trademarks, trade names, and service marks used in thisamend our Annual Report on Form 10-K are the property of their respective owners.

Mechanical Technology, Incorporated, (MTI or the Company), a New York corporation, was incorporated in 1961. MTI operates in two segments: the Test and Measurement Instrumentation segment, which is conducted through MTI Instruments, Inc. (MTI Instruments), a wholly-owned subsidiary, and the New Energy segment, which is conducted through MTI MicroFuel Cells, Inc. (MTI Micro), a variable interest entity (VIE) as of December 31, 2012.

MTI Instruments was incorporated in New York on March 8, 2000 and is a worldwide supplier of precision non-contact physical measurement solutions, portable balance equipment and wafer inspection tools. MTI Instrument’s products use a comprehensive array of technologies to solve complex, real world applications in numerous industries including manufacturing, semiconductor, solar, commercial and military aviation, automotive and data storage. MTI Instruments’ products consist of electronic gauging instruments for position, displacement and vibration application within the design, manufacturing/production, test and research market; wafer characterization of semi-insulating and semi-conducting wafers within both the semiconductor and solar industries; tensile stage systems for materials testing at academic and industrial settings; and engine vibration analysis systems for both military and commercial aircraft.

MTI Micro was incorporated in Delaware on March 26, 2001, and, until its operations were suspended in late 2011, had been developing Mobion^®, a handheld energy-generating device to replace current lithium-ion and similar rechargeable battery systems in many handheld electronic devices for the military and consumer markets. Although MTI Micro continues to believe in the potential of its Mobion^® based power solutions, operations continue to remain suspended at MTI Micro until such time as market demand and other deciding factors, including obtaining additional external financing, the successful completion of customer trials, a new development program with a government agency, and/or a customer order come to fruition. MTI Micro will continue to seek additional capital from external sources to resume operations and fund future development, if any. If MTI Micro is unable to secure additional financing, a new development program or customer order, the MTI Micro Board of Directors will assess other options for MTI Micro including the sale of its intellectual property portfolio and/or remaining assets. As of December 31, 2012, the Company owned approximately 47.6% of MTI Micro’s outstanding common stock.

The Test and Measurement Instrumentation Segment

MTI Instruments is a worldwide supplier of metrology, portable balancing equipment and inspection systems. Our products use technology to solve complex real world applications in numerous industries including automotive, semiconductor, solar cell manufacturing, material testing, commercial and military aviation and data storage. We are continuously working on ways to expand our sales reach, including expanded sales coverage throughout Europe and Asia, as well as a focus on internet marketing. 

Selected MTI Instruments products 

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Products

Our test and measurement segment has three product groups: Precision Instruments, Semiconductor and Solar Metrology Systems and Balancing Systems. Our products consist of electronic, computerized gauging instruments for position, displacement and vibration applications for the design, manufacturing/production and test and research markets; metrology tools for wafer characterization of semiconductor and solar wafers; tensile stage systems for materials testing in research and industrial settings; and engine balancing and vibration analysis systems for both military and commercial aircraft.

Precision Instruments: The Precision Instruments group employs capacitance, laser and fiber optic technologies to make nano-accurate measurements including displacement, position, vibration and dimension. These advanced sensing and physical measurement technologies are used to produce products that range from basic sensors to complete, fully integrated measurement systems.

Listed below are selected MTI Instruments’ Precision Instruments product offerings and technologies:

Semiconductor and Solar Metrology Systems: Our family of wafer metrology systems includes manual and semi-automated systems which test key wafer characteristics critical to producing integrated circuits.  Primarily used in quality control applications, these systems provide highly precise measurements of thickness variation, bow, warp, resistivity, and flatness. These systems can be used on substrates varying widely in size and materials.  In addition to MTI Instrument’s push/pull capacitance probe technology, we expanded our line of products to include offerings for the solar industry, including the measurement of solar wafer thickness.

Listed below are MTI Instruments’ Semiconductor and Solar Metrology Systems product offerings and technologies:

Balancing Systems:The computer-based portable balancing systems (PBS) products automatically collect and record aircraft engine vibration data, identify vibration or balance trouble in an engine, and calculate a solution to the problem.  These units are used by major aircraft engine manufacturers and are also used by the U.S. Air Force, other military and commercial airlines, and gas turbine manufacturers.

Our aviation balancing systems products include vibration analysis and engine trim balance instruments and accessories for commercial and military jets.  These products are designed to quickly pinpoint engine problems and eliminate unnecessary engine removals. 

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Listed below are selected MTI Instruments’ Balancing Systems product offerings and technologies:

Marketing and Sales

We market our products and services using channels of distribution specific to each of our product groups and customer base.  The precision instruments group markets its products through a combination of manufacturer representatives in the United States and distributors overseas.  The semiconductor and solar metrology systems group markets its products directly to end customers in the United States and internationally through distributors, while the aviation balancing systems group primarily sells direct to the end user.

To supplement these efforts, the company utilizes both commercial and industrial search engines, targeted newsletters and trade shows to identify and expand its customer base.

Comparisons of sales by class of products of MTI Instrument’s sales are shown below for the years ended December 31:

Product Development and Manufacturing

MTI Instruments conducts research and develops technology to support its existing products and develop new ones.  Management believes that MTI Instruments’ success depends to a large extent upon innovation, technological expertise, new product development and identifying special market strengths.

In the precision instruments area, during the fourth quarter of 2012, MTI Instruments launched the Microtrak 3 family of single spot laser sensors equipped with the latest CMOS sensor technology for better performance than previous products.

We seek to achieve a competitive position by continuously advancing our technology, producing new state of the art precision measurement equipment, expanding our worldwide distribution, and providing intimate customer support and product customization.

MTI Instruments assembles and tests its products at its facility located in Albany, New York. Management believes that most of the raw materials used in our products are readily available from a variety of vendors.

Intellectual Property and Proprietary Rights

We rely on trade secret laws and patents to establish and protect the proprietary rights of our products.  In addition, we enter into standard confidentiality agreements with our employees and consultants and seek to control access to and distribution of our proprietary information.  Even with these precautions, it may be possible for a third party to copy or otherwise obtain and use our products or technology without authorization or to develop similar technology independently.  In addition, effective patent and trade secret protection may be unavailable or limited in certain foreign countries. 

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Significant Customers

MTI Instruments’ largest customer is the U.S. Air Force. We also have strong relationships with companies in the electronics, aircraft, aerospace, automotive, semiconductor and research industries.  In 2012, the U.S. Air Force accounted for $1.3 million or 22.3% of product revenues, and in 2011, it accounted for $2.3 million or 22.4% of product revenues. The largest commercial customer in 2012 was an Asian distributor, who accounted for $406 thousand or 6.9% of total product revenues in 2012. The largest commercial customer in 2011 was an Asian distributor, who accounted for $1.1 million or 10.7% of total product revenues in 2011.

Competition

We are subject to competition from several companies, substantially all of which are larger than MTI Instruments. MTI Instruments’ competitors include Chadwick-Helmuth Company, Inc., ACES Systems, Micro-Epsilon, Microsense, Keyence Corporation, KLA-Tencor, Sigma Tech Corporation, and E+H Eichhorn+Hausmann GmbH.

The primary competitive considerations in MTI Instruments’ markets are product quality, performance, price, timely delivery, and the ability to identify, pursue and obtain new customers.  MTI Instruments believes that its employees, product development skills, sales and marketing systems and reputation are competitive advantages.

The New Energy Segment

Demand for portable electronics that offer an enhanced experience, including the ability to communicate any time and anywhere, have effectively enabled the creation of an “always-on” environment independent of location. This trend towards increased functionality in portable electronic devices has led to a “power gap” in which the disparity between a device’s power supply, typically a rechargeable lithium-ion battery, and its power need is growing. This power gap leads to a need for the end user to plug in their devices to the electrical grid more frequently, which limits the ability to use these electronic devices where and when needed.

Until its operations were suspended in late 2011, MTI Micro had been developing an off-the-grid power solution for various portable electronic devices to address this power gap. Our patented proprietary direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) technology platform, called Mobion^®, converts methanol fuel to usable electricity capable of providing continuous power as long as necessary fuel flows are maintained. Our proprietary fuel cell power solution consists of two primary components integrated into an easily manufactured device: the DMFC power engine, which we refer to as our Mobion^® Chip, and methanol fuel cartridges. Our current Mobion^® Chip is small enough to fit in the palm of one’s hand. The methanol used by the technology is fully biodegradable.

MTI Micro relies on a combination of patents (both national and international), trade secrets, trademarks and copyrights to protect its intellectual property. Our strategy is to apply for patent protection for all significant design requirements. We also enter into standard confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, vendors, partners and potential customers and seek to control access to and distribution of our proprietary information. We have developed a portfolio of patent applications in areas including fuel cell systems, fuel refill and packaging, fuel, components, manufacturing processes, and system packaging. The issued patents expire between 2020 and 2027. Even with these precautions, it may be possible for a third party to copy or otherwise obtain and use our products or technology without authorization or to develop similar technology independently.  In addition, effective patent and trade secret protection may be unavailable or limited in certain foreign countries.

Although MTI Micro continues to believe in the potential of its Mobion^® based power solutions, operations have been suspended since late 2011 at MTI Micro until such time as market demand and other deciding factors, including obtaining additional external financing, the successful completion of customer trials, a new development program with a government agency, and/or a customer order, come to fruition.  MTI Micro will continue to seek additional capital from external sources to resume operations and fund future development, if any.  If MTI Micro is unable to secure additional financing, a new development program or customer order, the MTI Micro board of directors will assess other options for MTI Micro, including the sale of its intellectual property portfolio and/or remaining assets.

Research and Development

MTI Instruments conducts research and develops technology to support its existing products and develop new products.  Management believes that the success of MTI Instruments depends to a large extent upon innovation, technological expertise and new product development.

MTI has incurred research and development costs of approximately $1.4 million and $1.5 million, which is primarily related to MTI Instruments, for the yearsyear ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. We expect to continue to invest in research and development in the future in our MTI Instruments segment.

Employees

As of December 31, 2012, we had 33 employees including 30 full-time employees.

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Availability of Information

We make available through our website (http://www.mechtech.com) free of charge, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports,2020, originally filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). These reports may(the "SEC") on March 31, 2021 (the "Original Form 10-K"), to include the information required by Items 10 through 14 of Part III of Form 10-K. This information was previously omitted from the Original Form 10-K in reliance on General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K, which permits the information in the above-referenced items to be accessed throughincorporated into an annual report on Form 10-K from a definitive proxy statement if such statement is filed no later than 120 days after the registrant's fiscal year-end. We are filing this Amendment to provide the information required in Part III of Form 10-K because the Company will not file a definitive proxy statement containing such information within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by the Original Form 10-K. Pursuant to SEC rules, Part IV, Item 15 has also been amended to contain the currently dated certifications from the Company's principal executive officer and principal financial officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The certifications of the Company's principal executive officer and principal financial officer are filed as Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 to this Amendment. Because no financial statements have been included in this Amendment and this Amendment does not contain or amend any disclosure with respect to Items 307 and 308 of Regulation S-K, paragraphs 3, 4, and 5 of the certifications have been omitted. Additionally, we are not including the certificates required under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 as no financial statements are included in this Amendment. This Amendment does not amend any other information set forth in the Original Form 10-K, and we have not updated disclosures included therein to reflect any subsequent events. This Amendment should be read in conjunction with the Original Form 10-K and with our website’s Investor Relations page.

The public may read and copy any materials we filefilings with the SEC atsubsequent to the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. The public may also obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. We file electronically with the SEC and the SEC maintains an internet site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.Original Form 10-K.

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Item 1A: Risk Factors

Factors Affecting Future Results

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Any statements contained, or incorporated by reference, in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not statements of historical fact may be forward-looking statements. When we use the words “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plans,” “projects,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expects,” “management believes,” “we believe,” “we intend,” “should,” “could,” “may,” “will” and similar words or phrases, we are identifying forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties, estimates and assumptions which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others:

• our inability to achieve profitability and improve liquidity;
• sales revenue growth of our test and measurement instrumentation business may not be achieved or maintained;  

• the dependence of our test and measurement instrumentation business on a small number of customers and potential loss of government contracts;
• our lack of long-term purchase commitments from our customers and the ability of our customers to cancel, reduce, or delay orders for our products;  

• our inability to build and maintain relationships with our customers;  
• our inability to develop and utilize new technologies that address the needs of our customers;
• intense competition in the instrumentation business;  
• the cyclical nature of the electronics industry;  
• significant periodic and seasonal quarterly fluctuations in our results of operations;  
• the uncertainty of the U.S. and global economy;  
• the impact of future exchange rate fluctuations;  
• failure of our strategic alliances to achieve their objectives or perform as contemplated and the risk of cancellation or early termination of such alliance by either party;  
• the loss of services of one or more of our key employees or the inability to hire, train, and retain key personnel;
• the historical volatility of our stock price;  

• risks related to protection and infringement of intellectual property;
• product liability or defects;  
• our dependence on sole suppliers or a limited group of suppliers for both business segments;

• our history of recurring net losses and the risk of continued net losses;

• our ability to generate income to realize our net operating losses

• risks related to the limitation of the use of our net operating losses in the event of certain ownership changes;  
• our ownership position in MTI Micro may be reduced further as a result of our need to seek external financing for MTI Micro’s operations;  
• MTI Micro’s need to raise additional financing; and 

• other factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” below.

Except as may be required by applicable law, we do not undertake or intend to update or revise our forward-looking statements, and we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K as a result of new information or future events or developments. Thus, assumptions should not be made that our silence over time means that actual events are bearing out as expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements.

Risk Factors

Set forth below are certain risks and uncertainties that could adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition and cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. Also refer to the heading “Factors Affecting Future Results” above.

We incurred a significant loss during 2012 and if we continue to incur losses it will have a material adverse effect on our business plans, liquidity, results of operations and financial condition.

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During the year ended December 31, 2012, we incurred a net loss of $2.1 million. In order to achieve profitability and improve liquidity, we must successfully achieve all or some combination of the following: increasing sales, developing new products, controlling operating expenses, managing our cash flows, achieving our targeted cost savings and efficiencies from prior cost reduction initiatives, improving operational efficiency and estimating and projecting accurately our liquidity and capital resources. In Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Management’s Plan, Liquidity and Capital Resources in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we make estimates regarding our cash flow, results of operations and ability to access our existing line of credit at MTI Instruments for the year ending December 31, 2013. If our cash flow, results of operations or ability to borrow under our line of credit are less favorable than we have estimated, we may not be able to make all of our planned operating or capital expenditures or fully execute all of our other plans. Our financial success depends in part on management’s ability to execute our growth strategy. We expect that we will depend primarily on cash generated by our operations for funds to pay our expenses and any amounts due under our credit facility and any other indebtedness we may incur. Our ability to make these payments depends on our future performance, which will be affected by financial, business, economic and other factors, many of which we cannot control. Our business may not generate sufficient cash flows from operations in the future and our currently anticipated growth in revenues and cash flows may not be realized, either or both of which could result in our being unable to repay indebtedness or to fund other liquidity needs. If we do not have enough money, we may be required to sell assets or borrow money, in each case on terms that may not be acceptable to us. In addition, the terms of existing or future debt agreements, including our existing line of credit, may restrict us from adopting any of these alternatives. In addition, any significant levels of indebtedness in the future could place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that may have access to additional resources or proportionately less debt and could make us more vulnerable to economic downturns and adverse developments in our business. Any further continued loss incurred by the Company could have a material adverse effect on our business and our ability to generate the cash needed to operate our business. Even if we do achieve profitability, we may be unable to sustain or increase our profitability in the future. Failure to continue to implement these initiatives successfully, or the failure of such initiatives to result in improved profitability, could have a material adverse effect on our business plans, liquidity, results of operations and financial condition and may result in a further downsize to the business. 

We currently derive all of our product revenue from our test and measurement instrumentation business, which experienced a significant decline in sales during 2012.

Our test and measurement instrumentation business is subject to a number of risks, including the following:

• a continued slow down or cancellation of sales to the military as a result of a potential redeployment, or sequestration, of governmental funding; 

• the Company may not be able to maintain, improve, or expand its direct and indirect channels of distribution; 

• a failure to expand or maintain the business as a result of competition, a lack of brand awareness, or market saturation; and

• an inability to launch new products as a result of intensive competition, uncertainty of new technology development, or limited or unavailable resources to fund development. 

In addition, our test and measurement instrumentation products can be sold in quantity for short term projects to a relatively few number of customers, resulting in a customer concentration risk. After having record revenue in 2011, MTI Instruments experienced a significant decline in sales in 2012. The further loss of any significant portion of such customers or a material adverse change in the financial condition of any one of these customers could have a material adverse effect on our business and our ability to generate the cash needed to operate our business. 

Since we have suspended operations for MTI Micro due to lack of funding, all of our corporate costs must be funded by the test and measurement instrumentation business.

Variability of customer requirements resulting in cancellations, reductions, or delays may adversely affect our operating results.

We are required to provide rapid product turnaround and respond to short lead times. A variety of conditions, both specific to individual customers and generally affecting the demand for OEMs’ products, may cause customers to cancel, reduce, or delay orders. Cancellations, reductions, or delays by a significant customer or by a group of customers could adversely affect our operating results. Customers may require rapid increases in production, which could strain our resources and reduce our margins.

If we do not keep pace with technological innovations, our products may not be competitive and our revenue and operating results may suffer.

The electronic, semiconductor, solar, automotive and general instrumentation industries are subject to constant technological change. Our future success will depend on our ability to respond appropriately to changing technologies and changes in product function and quality. If we rely on products and technologies that are not attractive to end users, we may not be successful in capturing or retaining market share. Technological advances, the introduction of new products, and new design techniques could adversely affect our business prospects unless we are able to adapt to the changing conditions. Technological advances could render our products obsolete, and we may not be able to respond effectively to the technological requirements of evolving markets. As a result, we will be required to expend substantial funds for and commit significant resources to:

• continue research and development activities on all product lines;  

• hire additional engineering and other technical personnel; and  

• purchase advanced design tools and test equipment.

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Our business could be harmed if we are unable to develop and utilize new technologies that address the needs of our customers, or our competitors do so more effectively than we do.

We may not be able to enhance our product solutions and develop new product solutions in a timely manner.

Our future operating results will depend to a significant extent on our ability to provide new products that compare favorably with alternative solutions on the basis of time to introduction, cost, performance, and end-user preferences. Our success in attracting and maintaining customers and developing business will depend on various factors, including the following:

• innovative development of new products for customers;  

• utilization of advances in technology;  

• maintenance of quality standards;  

• efficient and cost-effective solutions; and  

• timely completion of the design and introduction of new products.

Our inability to develop new product solutions on a timely basis could harm our operating results and impede our growth.

Our efforts to develop new technologies may not result in commercial success, which could cause a decline in our revenue and could harm our business.

Our research and development efforts with respect to our technologies may not result in customer or market acceptance. Some or all of those technologies may not successfully make the transition from the research and development lab to cost-effective production as a result of technology problems, competitive cost issues, yield problems, and other factors. Even when we successfully complete a research and development effort with respect to a particular technology, our customers may decide not to introduce or may discontinue products utilizing the technology for a variety of reasons, including the following:

• difficulties with other suppliers of components for the products;  

• superior technologies developed by our competitors and unfavorable comparisons of our solutions with these technologies;  

• price considerations; and  

• lack of anticipated or actual market demand for the products.

The nature of our business will require us to make continuing investments for new technologies. Significant expenses relating to one or more new technologies that ultimately prove to be unsuccessful for any reason could have a material adverse effect on us. In addition, any investments or acquisitions made to enhance our technologies may prove to be unsuccessful. If our efforts are unsuccessful, our business could be harmed.

The electronics industry is cyclical and may result in fluctuations in our operating results.

The electronics industry has experienced significant economic downturns at various times. These downturns are characterized by diminished product demand, accelerated erosion of average selling prices, and production overcapacity. We will seek to reduce our exposure to industry downturns by providing design and production services for leading companies in rapidly expanding industry segments. We may, however, experience substantial period-to-period fluctuations in future operating results because of general industry conditions or events occurring in the general economy.

Our operating results may experience significant fluctuations.

In addition to the variability resulting from the short-term nature of our customers’ commitments, other factors will contribute to significant periodic and seasonal quarterly fluctuations in our results of operations. These factors include the following:

• the cyclicality of the markets we serve;  

• the timing and size of orders;  

• the volume of orders relative to our capacity;  

• product introductions and market acceptance of new products or new generations of products;  

• evolution in the life cycles of our customers’ products;

• timing of expenses in anticipation of future orders;

• changes in product mix;

• availability of manufacturing and assembly services;

• changes in cost and availability of labor and components;  

• timely delivery of product solutions to customers;

• pricing and availability of competitive products;

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• introduction of new technologies into the markets we serve;

• pressures on reducing selling prices;

• our success in serving new markets; and

• changes in economic conditions.

Accordingly, you should not rely on period-to-period comparisons as an indicator of our future performance. Negative or unanticipated fluctuations in our operating results may result in a decline in the price of our stock.

International sales risks could adversely affect our operating results. Furthermore, our operating results could be adversely affected by fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies.

Having a worldwide distribution network for our products exposes us to various economic, political, and other risks that could adversely affect our operations and operating results, including the following:

• unexpected changes in regulatory requirements;  

• tariffs and duties and other trade barrier restrictions;  

• greater difficulty in collecting accounts receivable;  

• the burdens and costs of compliance with a variety of foreign laws;  

• potentially reduced protection for intellectual property rights; and  

• political or economic instability in certain parts of the world.

The risks associated with international sales could negatively affect our operating results.

We transact our business in U.S. dollars and bill and collect our sales in U.S. dollars. In 2012, approximately 37.6% of our revenue was from customers outside of the United States. A weakening of the dollar could cause our overseas vendors to require renegotiation of either the prices or currency we pay for their goods and services. Similarly, a strengthening of the dollar could cause our products to be more expensive for our international customers, which could cause the demand for our products and our revenue to decline.

In the future, customers may negotiate pricing and make payments in non-U.S. currencies. If our overseas vendors or customers require us to transact business in non-U.S. currencies, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could affect our cost of goods, operating expenses, and operating margins and could result in exchange losses. In addition, currency devaluation can result in a loss to us if we hold deposits of that currency. Hedging foreign currencies can be difficult, especially if the currency is not freely traded. We cannot predict the impact of future exchange rate fluctuations on our operating results.

Continuing uncertainty of the U.S. and global economy may have serious implications for the growth and stability of our business and may negatively affect our stock price.

The revenue growth and profitability of our business will depend significantly on the overall demand for test and measurement instrumentations as well as electronic devices. Softening demand in these markets caused by ongoing economic uncertainty may result in decreased revenue or earnings levels. The U.S. and global economy has been historically cyclical and market conditions continue to be challenging, which has resulted in individuals and companies delaying or reducing expenditures. Further delays or reductions in spending could have a material adverse effect on demand for our products, and consequently on our business, financial condition, results of operations, prospects, stock price, and ability to continue to operate.

We depend on key personnel who would be difficult to replace, and our business will likely be harmed if we lose their services or cannot hire additional qualified personnel.

Our success depends substantially on the efforts and abilities of our senior management and key personnel. The competition for qualified management and key personnel, especially engineers, is intense. Although we maintain non-competition and non-disclosure covenants with most of our key personnel, we do not have employment agreements with most of them. The loss of services of one or more of our key employees or the inability to hire, train, and retain key personnel, especially engineers, technical support personnel, and capable sales and customer-support employees outside the United States, could delay the development and sale of our products, disrupt our business, and interfere with our ability to execute our business plan.

Our common stock was delisted from the NASDAQ Stock Market, which has adversely affected the price of our stock and the ability of our stockholders to trade in our stock.

In April 2009, we voluntarily delisted our common stock from the NASDAQ Stock Market to reduce expenses and to avoid a likely involuntary delisting for failure to comply with the continued listing requirements.  Our common stock is currently quoted on the over-the-counter market on the over-the-counter bulletin board (OTCBB) under the symbol “MKTY.”  As a result of the delisting, the liquidity in our stock has decreased, which adversely affected the price of our stock, which may make it more difficult for you to trade in our stock. Consequently, the liquidity of our common stock is impaired, not only in the number of shares that are bought and sold, but also through delays in the timing of transactions, and coverage by security analysts and the news media, if any, of our company. As a result, prices for shares of our common stock may be lower than might otherwise prevail if our common stock was quoted and traded on NASDAQ or a national securities exchange.

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If we are unable to adequately protect our intellectual property, our competitors and other third parties could produce products based on our intellectual property, which would substantially impair our ability to compete.

Our success and ability to compete depends in part upon our ability to maintain the proprietary nature of our technologies. We rely on a combination of patent, trade secret, copyright, and trademark law and license agreements, as well as nondisclosure agreements, to protect our intellectual property. These legal means, however, afford only limited protection and may not be adequate to protect our intellectual property rights. We cannot be certain that we were the first creator of inventions covered by pending patent applications or the first to file patent applications on these inventions. In addition, we cannot be sure that any of our pending patent applications will issue. The United States Patent and Trademark Office or other foreign patent and trademark offices may deny or significantly narrow claims made under our patent applications and, even if issued, these patents may be successfully challenged, designed around, or may otherwise not provide us with any commercial protection.

We may in the future need to assert claims of infringement against third parties to protect our intellectual property. Regardless of the final outcome, any litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights in patents, copyrights, or trademarks could be highly unpredictable and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business and financial condition. In the event of an adverse judgment, a court could hold that some or all of our asserted intellectual property rights are not infringed, or are invalid or unenforceable, and could award attorneys’ fees to the other party.

We may become subject to claims of infringement or misappropriation of the intellectual property rights of others, which could prohibit us from selling our products, require us to obtain licenses from third parties or to develop non-infringing alternatives, and subject us to substantial monetary damages and injunctive relief.

We may receive notices from third parties that the manufacture, use, or sale of any products we develop infringes upon one or more claims of their patents. Moreover, because patent applications can take many years to issue, there may be currently pending applications, unknown to us, which may later result in issued patents that materially and adversely affect our business. Third parties could also assert infringement or misappropriation claims against us with respect to our future product offerings, if any. Whether or not such claims are valid, we cannot be certain that we have not infringed the intellectual property rights of such third parties. Any infringement or misappropriation claim could result in significant costs, substantial damages, and our inability to manufacture, market, or sell any of our product offerings that are found to infringe. Even if we were to prevail in any such action, the litigation could result in substantial cost and diversion of resources that could materially and adversely affect our business. If a court determined, or if we independently discovered, that our product offerings violated third-party proprietary rights, there can be no assurance that we would be able to re-engineer our product offerings to avoid those rights or obtain a license under those rights on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. As a result, we could be prohibited from selling products that are found to infringe upon the rights of others. Even if obtaining a license were feasible, it may be costly and time-consuming. A court could also enter orders that temporarily, preliminarily, or permanently enjoin us from making, using, selling, offering to sell, or importing our portable power source products, or could enter orders mandating that we undertake certain remedial activities. Further, a court could order us to pay compensatory damages for such infringement, plus prejudgment interest, and could in addition treble the compensatory damages and award attorneys’ fees. These damages could materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Confidentiality agreements with employees and others may not adequately prevent disclosure of our trade secrets and other proprietary information, which could limit our ability to compete.

We rely on trade secrets to protect our proprietary technology and processes. Trade secrets are difficult to protect. We enter into confidentiality and intellectual property assignment agreements with our employees, consultants, and other advisors. These agreements generally require that the other party keep confidential and not disclose to third parties confidential information developed by the party or made known to the party by us during the course of the party’s relationship with us. However, these agreements may not be honored and enforcing a claim that a party illegally obtained and is using our trade secrets is difficult, expensive and time-consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. The failure to obtain and maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive position.

We have experienced an ownership change in MTI Micro that has resulted in a limitation of tax attributes relating to the use of their net operating losses, and we may experience further ownership changes in both MTI and MTI Micro which would result in a further limitation of the use of our net operating losses.

12

As of December 31, 2012, it is estimated that MTI has net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards of approximately $52.4 million and MTI Micro has NOL carryforwards of approximately $16.7 million. As a result of the conversion of the bridge notes in December 2009, MTI no longer maintained an 80% or greater ownership in MTI Micro. Thus, MTI Micro is no longer included in Mechanical Technology, Incorporated and Subsidiaries' consolidated federal and combined New York State tax returns, effective December 9, 2009.  Pursuant to the Internal Revenue Service's consolidated tax return regulations (IRS Regulation Section 1.1502-36), upon MTI Micro leaving the Mechanical Technology, Incorporated and Subsidiaries’ consolidated group, MTI elected to reduce a portion of its stock tax basis in MTI Micro by "reattributing" a portion of MTI Micro's NOL carryforwards to MTI, for an amount equivalent to its built-in loss amount in MTI's investment in MTI Micro's stock. As the result of MTI making this election with its December 31, 2009 tax return, MTI reattributed approximately $45.2 million of MTI Micro's NOLs (reducing its tax basis in MTI Micro's stock by the same amount), leaving MTI Micro with approximately $13 million of separate company NOL carryforwards at the time of conversion of the Bridge Notes.

The Company and its subsidiaries have undergone a formal Section 382 study. A corporation generally undergoes an “ownership change” when the ownership of its stock, by value, changes by more than 50 percentage points over any three-year testing period. In the event of an ownership change, Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 imposes an annual limitation on the amount of post-ownership change taxable income a corporation may offset with pre-ownership change NOL carryforwards and certain recognized built-in losses. As a result of MTI Micro’s issuance of stock between 2009 and 2011, MTI Micro had experienced a Section 382 ownership change, which reduced their NOLs by an estimated $14.6 million.

Our ability to utilize the MTI and remaining MTI Micro NOL carryforwards, including any future NOL carryforwards that may arise, may be limited by Section 382, if we or MTI Micro undergo any further “ownership changes” as a result of subsequent changes in the ownership of our outstanding common stock pursuant to the exercise of the MTI Micro warrants, MTI or MTI Micro options outstanding, additional financings obtained, or otherwise. 

Our ownership position in MTI Micro has been reduced as a result of external financing for MTI Micro's operations, which could limit our ability to control the operations.

As of December 31, 2012, we owned approximately 47.6% of MTI Micro’s Common Stock issued. Between September 2008 and September 2011, MTI Micro entered into numerous debt and equity financings with third parties, primarily, Dr. Walter L. Robb, a member of the Company’s and MTI Micro’s boards of directors, and Counter Point Ventures Fund II, LP (Counter Point). Counter Point is a venture capital fund sponsored and managed by Dr. Robb. After these series of transactions, MTI now holds an aggregate of approximately 47.6% of the outstanding common stock of MTI Micro or 53.3% of the outstanding common stock and warrants issued of MTI Micro, and Dr. Robb and Counter Point hold approximately 5.1% and 45.2%, respectively of the outstanding common stock of MTI Micro or 4.3% and 40.3%, respectively of the outstanding common stock and warrants issued of MTI Micro. Since no entity of the related parties has power but, as a group, the Company and its related parties have the power, then the party within the related party group that is most closely associated with the VIE, MTI Micro, is the primary beneficiary. Even though Dr. Robb and Counterpoint combined control a majority of the outstanding common stock, and they have the ability to elect the directors of MTI Micro and decide whether to continue to seek business opportunities for MTI Micro or instead seek opportunities to sell the intellectual property, they have not elected to do so.  The Company continues to oversee the day to day operations, exercise management decision making, seek opportunities to sell intellectual properties, and have a vested interest in the commercialization of MTI Micro’s fuel cell technology.  Since inception in 2001, the Company has made the largest investment and been the principal funder of MTI Micro.  The Company has also been exposed to losses and has the ability to benefit from MTI Micro.  Considering the facts and circumstances, management believes the Company is most closely associated with the VIE, MTI Micro, and therefore, it is the primary beneficiary of MTI Micro.  Should there be a change in the facts and circumstances (such as a change in governance or a change to the related party group) management will reassess whether they act as the primary beneficiary and should continue to include MTI Micro in the Company’s consolidated results of operations.  

MTI Micro currently does not have sufficient funds to commercialize its portable power source products.

In order to resume operations and continue full commercialization of its micro fuel cell solution, MTI Micro will need to do one or more of the following to raise additional resources, or reduce its cash requirements:

• obtain government grants or private funding of its direct methanol fuel cell research, development, manufacturing readiness and commercialization;

• receive a purchase order from government agencies or OEM’s; or

• secure additional debt or equity financing.

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There is no guarantee that resources will be available to MTI Micro on terms acceptable to it, or at all, or that such resources will be received in a timely manner, if at all, or that MTI Micro will be able to resume operations or reduce its expenditure run-rate further.  MTI Micro had cash and cash equivalents of $100 thousand as of December 31, 2012. Since 2008, MTI Micro has raised $5.4 million in external debt and equity financing. At the end of 2011, MTI Micro suspended its operations while additional necessary funding is being pursued. If MTI Micro raises additional funds by issuing equity securities, MTI Micro’s stockholders, including MTI, will experience further dilution. Additional debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants. There is no assurance that funds raised in any future debt financing or additional equity financing arrangements will be sufficient, that the financing will be available on terms favorable to MTI Micro or to existing stockholders and at such times as required, or that MTI Micro will be able to obtain the additional financing required to resume the operation of its business. If MTI Micro raises additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements with third parties, it may be necessary to relinquish some rights to MTI Micro’s technologies or its products, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to MTI Micro. If MTI Micro is unable to secure additional financing, MTI Micro could be forced to sell assets at unfavorable prices; or merge, consolidate, or combine with a company with greater financial resources in a transaction that may be unfavorable to us.

Item 1B: Unresolved Staff Comments

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and in Item 10 (f)(1) of Regulation S-K.  As such, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required under this Item.

Item 2: Properties

We lease office, manufacturing and research and development space in the following locations:

We believe our facilities are generally well maintained and adequate for our current needs and for expansion, if required.

Item 3: Legal Proceedings

In January 2013, an action has been commenced and is pending in the State of New York Supreme Court in Albany County upon a complaint of the plaintiff, Berkshire Bank, against Kingfisher, LLC; Edward L. Hoe, Jr.; Mechanical Technology, Incorporated; MTI MicroFuel Cells Inc.; Xcelaero Corporation; Regional Emergency Medical Services Council of the Hudson-Mohawk Valleys, Inc.; Inverters Unlimited Inc.; and John Doe No. 1 through John Doe No. 15 (the named defendants) for the foreclosure of the mortgaged premises located at 431 New Karner Road, Town of Colonie, County of Albany, New York. The Company and MTI Micro are named party defendants to this action by virtue of their possession of a portion of the mortgaged premises, and the fact that they have, or claim to have, a leasehold or other possessory interest in a portion of the mortgaged premises. Accordingly, while there continues to be on-going discussions between the parties, we believe that it is too early to determine (i) whether there is likely exposure to an adverse outcome and (ii) whether or not the probability of an adverse outcome is more than remote.

At any point in time, we may be involved in various lawsuits or other legal proceedings. Such lawsuits could arise from the sale of products or services or from other matters relating to its regular business activities, compliance with various governmental regulations and requirements, or other transactions or circumstances. We do not believe there are any such additional proceedings presently pending which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

Item 4: Mine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5: Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

(a)

Market Information

Our common stock is traded on the OTCBB markets under the symbol “MKTY”. The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices of our common stock as reported for the periods indicated:

Holders

We have one class of common stock, par value $.01, and are authorized to issue 75,000,000 shares of common stock. Each share of the Company’s common stock is entitled to one vote on all matters submitted to stockholders.  As of December 31, 2012 and 2011 there were 5,256,883 and 5,254,883 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, respectively. As of March 6, 2013, there were approximately 237 shareholder’s of record of the Company’s common stock.

Dividends

We have never declared or paid dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate or contemplate paying cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to use all available funds to develop our business. We can give no assurances that we will ever have excess funds available to pay dividends. Any future determination as to the payment of dividends will depend upon critical requirements and limitations imposed by our credit agreements, if any, and such other factors as our board of directors may consider.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

See also Part III Item 12 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional detail related to security ownership and related stockholder matters, and for additional detail on equity compensation plan matters.

Performance Graph

The Company’s performance graph is not required for a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and in Item 10 (f)(1) of Regulation S-K.  As such, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required under this Item.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities; Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities

None.

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(b)

Report of Offering of Securities and Use of Proceeds Therefrom

None.

(c)

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

None.

Item 6: Selected Financial Data

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and in Item 10 (f)(1) of Regulation S-K.  As such, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required under this Item.

Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements, which involve risk and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those discussed in Item 1A: “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Overview

MTI operates in two segments: the Test and Measurement Instrumentation segment, which is conducted through MTI Instruments, Inc. (MTI Instruments), a wholly-owned subsidiary, and the New Energy segment, which is conducted through MTI MicroFuel Cells, Inc. (MTI Micro), a variable interest entity (VIE) as of December 31, 2012. MTI and MTI Micro currently share the same board of directors, while MTI also continues to oversee the day to day operations, exercise management decision making, seek opportunities to sell intellectual property, and have a vested interest in the commercialization of MTI Micro’s fuel cell technology. Since inception in 2001, MTI has made the largest investment and been the principal funder of MTI Micro. MTI has also been exposed to losses and has the ability to benefit from MTI Micro. Considering the facts and circumstances, management believes MTI is most closely associated with the VIE, MTI Micro, and therefore, it is the primary beneficiary.  Should there be a change in the facts and circumstances (such as a change in governance or a change to the related party group) management will reassess whether MTI remains the primary beneficiary and should continue to consolidate MTI Micro in MTI’s consolidated financial statements.  

Test and Measurement Segment – MTI Instruments is a worldwide supplier of metrology, portable balancing equipment and inspection systems.  Our products use state-of-the-art technology to solve complex real world applications in numerous industries including automotive, semiconductor, solar cell manufacturing, material testing, commercial and military aviation and data storage.  We are continuously working on ways to expand our sales reach, including expanded sales coverage throughout Europe and Asia, as well as a focus on internet marketing. 

Our test and measurement segment has three product groups: Precision Instruments, Semiconductor and Solar Metrology Systems, and Balancing Systems.  Our products consist of electronic, computerized gauging instruments for position, displacement and vibration applications for the design, manufacturing/production and test and research markets; metrology tools for wafer characterization of semiconductor and solar wafers; tensile stage systems for materials testing in research and industrial settings; and engine balancing and vibration analysis systems for both military and commercial aircraft.

New Energy Segment – Until its operations were suspended in late 2011, MTI Micro had been developing an off-the-grid power solutions for various portable electronic devices. Our patented proprietary direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) technology platform, called Mobion^®, converts methanol fuel to usable electricity capable of providing continuous power as long as necessary fuel flows are maintained. Our proprietary fuel cell power solution consists of two primary components integrated into an easily manufactured device: the DMFC power engine, which we refer to as our Mobion^® Chip, and methanol fuel cartridges. Our current Mobion^® Chip is small enough to fit in the palm of one’s hand. The methanol used by the technology is fully biodegradable.

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Although MTI Micro continues to believe in the potential of its Mobion^® based power solutions, operations have been suspended since late 2011 at MTI Micro until such time as market demand and other deciding factors, including obtaining additional external financing, the successful completion of customer trials, a new development program with a government agency, and/or a customer order come to fruition.  MTI Micro will continue to seek additional capital from external sources to resume operations and fund future development, if any.  If MTI Micro is unable to secure additional financing, a new development program or customer order, the MTI Micro board of directors will assess other options for MTI Micro, including the sale of its intellectual property portfolio and/or remaining assets.

Recent Developments

On June 18, 2012, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company approved the dismissal of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC) and engaged UHY LLP (UHY) as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012.  For more information, see Item 9 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form-K.

In conjunction with the suspension of MTI Micro in late 2011, sales of certain surplus equipment on hand were made during the three months ended June 30, 2012.  This resulted in a net gain on sale of $130 thousand.  As of December 31, 2012, all $143 thousand of the sales proceeds have been received.  

Peng K. Lim, the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer ended his employment on September 10, 2012.  Subsequently, the Company and Mr. Lim entered into an Agreement and Release (the Agreement) effective March 1, 2013.  Pursuant to the Agreement, Mr. Lim resigned as Chief Executive Officer and from the Company’s Board of Directors effective September 10, 2012.  Mr. Lim resigned as a director to pursue a new business venture in the consumer electronics industry.  The Company and Mr. Lim agreed to general releases from liability and customary restrictive covenants, and the Company agreed to pay Mr. Lim’s attorneys’ fees of $30 thousand.  Mr. Lim will not receive any other compensation. 

Kevin G. Lynch, the Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors, is serving as Acting Chief Executive Officer until Mr. Lim’s replacement is named.  Mr. Lynch is serving as advisor to the Company at a monthly fee of $20 thousand. 

Results of Operations

Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2012 Compared to December 31, 2011. 

Test and Measurement Instrumentation Segment

Product Revenue:Product revenue in our Test and Measurement Instrumentation segment for the year ended December 31, 2012 decreased by $4.4 million, or 42.6%, to $5.9 million in 2012 from $10.3 million in 2011.  This decrease in product revenue was due primarily to a $2.9 million decline in aviation balancing equipment sales.  In 2011, first quarter product revenue had included unique order activity for aviation balancing systems which began during the fourth quarter of 2010 and shipped during the first quarter of 2011.  In addition, during 2012, the aviation balancing system business with the U.S. military experienced a notable decline due to reductions/delays in government spending.  Further contributing to the overall decline in the segment has been a 45% drop in capacitance product shipments stemming from production slowdowns at our customers in Asia and fewer wafer metrology equipment shipments, most notably to the solar industry.  For the year ended December 31, 2012, the largest commercial customer for the segment was an Asian distributor, which accounted for $406 thousand, or 6.9%, of the annual product revenue.  In 2011, the segment’s largest commercial customer was an Asian distributor, who accounted for $1.1 million, or 10.7%, of the annual product revenue.  The U.S. Air Force was the largest government customer for the year ended December 31, 2012 and accounted for $1.3 million, or 22.3%, of the annual product revenue.  The U.S. Air Force was the largest government customer for the year ended December 31, 2011 and accounted for $2.3 million, or 22.4%, of the annual product revenue. 

Information regarding government contracts included in product revenue is as follows:

____________________

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Cost of Product Revenue: Cost of product revenue in our Test and Measurement Instrumentation segment for the year ended December 31, 2012 decreased by $814 thousand, or 21.5%, to $3.0 million in 2012 from $3.8 million in 2011 in conjunction with the aforementioned 42.6% decrease in product revenue.  Gross profit, as a percentage of product revenue, decreased to 49.7%, compared to 63.2% for the same period in 2011 due to an increase to the inventory reserve to account for potentially obsolete/slow moving inventory, higher production overhead costs related to over staffing during the first half of the year and the change in product mix. 

Unfunded Research and Product Development Expenses: Unfunded research and product development expenses in our Test and Measurement Instrumentation segment for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased by $122 thousand, or 9.8%, to $1.4 million in 2012 from $1.2 million in 2011. This increase was due to additional personnel costs for general engineering and development and increased external development spending.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses: Selling, general and administrative expenses in our Test and Measurement Instrumentation segment for the year ended December 31, 2012 decreased by $399 thousand, or 17.3%, to $1.9 million in 2012 from $2.3 million in 2011.  This decrease is the result of reduced personnel costs. 

New Energy Segment

Funded Research and Development Revenue: There was no funded research and development revenue in our New Energy segment for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to $13 thousand in the prior year. The final billings for both the Department of Energy (DOE) and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) grants were done in the first quarter of 2011 for approximately $6 thousand each, as the majority of work was finished in 2010. There are no active grants at this time.

Funded Research and Product Development Expenses: There was no funded research and product development expenses in our New Energy segment for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $25 thousand in 2011. There are no active grants at this time.

Unfunded Research and Product Development Expenses: There was unfunded research and product development income of $1 thousand in our New Energy segment for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to unfunded research and product development expenses of $199 thousand in 2011.  This decrease is attributable to the suspension of operations in late 2011, and no further research is being performed at this time.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses: Selling, general and administrative expenses in our New Energy segment decreased by $832 thousand to $160 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $993 thousand in 2011.  This decrease is attributable to the suspension of operations in late 2011. Currently, MTI Micro has no employees and projects to spend between $5 and $10 thousand per month for operating activities including rent, limited sales efforts, patent fees to keep the patent portfolio current and minimal consultant costs to perform these initiatives.

Results of Consolidated Operations

Operating (Loss) Income: Operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $2.2 million compared to operating income of $52 thousand in 2011. This decrease in operating income was a result of the factors noted above.

Gain on Derivatives: We had no gain on derivatives for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to a gain on derivatives of $73 thousand in 2011. Gain on derivatives was the result of derivative treatment of the freestanding warrants issued to investors in conjunction with our December 2006 capital raise. These warrants expired on December 19, 2011.

Income Tax (Expense) Benefit: Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $6 thousand compared to an income tax benefit of $1.5 million in 2011. Our income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was 0% and 1,548%, respectively. The projected annual effective tax rate for 2012 is less than the Federal statutory rate of 35%, primarily due to a one-time adjustment in the deferred tax asset related to stock compensation expense for options that have lapsed or been voluntarily surrendered to the Company. The 2011 tax rate was primarily the result of the reversal of a portion of the valuation allowance to reflect the portion of the Company’s deferred tax asset that management has estimated is more likely than not to be realized. The valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets at December 31, 2012 and at December 31, 2011 was approximately $18 million and $20 million, respectively. We will continue to evaluate the ability to realize our deferred tax assets and related valuation allowances on a quarterly basis.

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Net Loss Attributed to Non-Controlling Interests (of MTI Micro): The net loss attributed to non-controlling interests for the year ended December 31, 2012 decreased by $735 thousand, or 99.6%, to $3 thousand in 2012 from $738 thousand in 2011. This is the result of a decrease in the net loss of MTI Micro from $1.5 million in 2011 to $5 thousand in 2012, offset in part, by an increase in the percentage of ownership of the non-controlling interest of MTI Micro in 2011.

Net (Loss) Income: Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $2.1 million compared to net income of $2.4 million for the same period in 2011. The decrease in net income of $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the same period in 2011 is primarily attributed to the reversal of a portion of the deferred tax asset’s valuation allowance of $1.5 million in 2011, representing the portion of the Company’s deferred tax asset that management had estimated is more likely than not to be realized, a reduction of MTI Instruments net income in 2012 of $3.5 million, a reduction of the net loss of MTI Micro in 2012 of $1.5 million, and a reduction in the net loss attributed to non-controlling interests of $735 thousand in 2012. These are a result of the factors discussed above.

Management’s Plan, Liquidity and Capital Resources

Several key indicators of our liquidity are summarized in the following table:

The Company has historically incurred significant losses, until 2012 the majority stemming from the direct methanol fuel cell product development and commercialization programs of MTI Micro, and had a consolidated accumulated deficit of $122.2 million as of December 31, 2012.  During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company generated net loss attributed to MTI of $2.1 million, cash used in operating activities totaling $1.5 million and had working capital of $1.4 million, a $1.8 million decrease from $3.1 million at December 31, 2011. This decrease was primarily attributed to cash used to fund operations during a loss year. During the second half of 2012, the Company continued its transitional phase and implemented personnel reductions throughout the organization while scaling back on discretionary spending to reduce future cash burn. These reductions, on an annualized basis, equated to approximately $1.0 million in cost savings.  However, since this overall restructuring of the Company occurred late in 2012, the full impact of these savings will not be realized until 2013 and beyond.  As such, management believes that the reorganized Company currently has adequate resources to avoid any other cost cutting measures which could adversely affect the business. As of December 31, 2012, we had no debt, no outstanding commitments for capital expenditures, approximately $289 thousand of cash available and $400 thousand available from our existing line of credit at MTI Instruments to fund our future operations.

If production levels rise at MTI Instruments, additional capital equipment may be required in the foreseeable future. We expect to spend approximately $125 thousand on capital equipment and $1.4 million in research and development on MTI Instruments’ products during 2013. We expect to finance any such potential future expenditures and continue funding our operations from our current cash position, our projected 2013 cash flow pursuant to management’s current plan and draw downs from our existing $400 thousand line of credit at MTI Instruments. We may also seek to supplement our resources through the sales of stock, or assets, including our investment in MTI Micro. Besides the $400 thousand line of credit at MTI Instruments, we have no other commitments for funding future needs of the organization at this time and such additional financing during 2013 may not be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all.  

While it cannot be assured, the new management team believes that, due in part to our backlog at December 31, 2012 of $1.6 million, the aforementioned cost reductions implemented in the second half of 2012, recent replacements in sales staff and projected inventory reductions, the Company expects to resume positive cash flows in 2013 to fund the Company’s operations for the foreseeable future. However, if near-term revenue estimates are delayed or missed, the Company will need to implement additional steps to ensure liquidity including, but not limited to, the deferral of planned capital spending, postponing anticipated new hires and/or delaying existing or pending product development initiatives.  Such steps, if required, could potentially have a material and adverse effect on the business. 

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Although MTI Micro continues to believe in the potential of its Mobion^® based power solutions, operations have been suspended since late 2011 at MTI Micro until such time as market demand and other deciding factors, including obtaining additional external financing, the successful completion of customer trials, a new development program with a government agency, and/or a customer order, come to fruition.  MTI Micro will continue to seek additional capital from external sources to resume operations and fund future development, if any.  If MTI Micro is unable to secure additional financing, a new development program or customer order, the MTI Micro Board of Directors will assess other options for MTI Micro, including the sale of its intellectual property portfolio and/or remaining assets. 

Line of Credit

On September 20, 2011, MTI Instruments entered into a working capital line of credit with First Niagara Bank, N.A.  Pursuant to the Demand Grid Note, MTI Instruments may borrow from time to time up to $400 thousand to support its working capital needs. The note is payable upon demand, and the interest rate on the note is equal to the prime rate with a floor of 4.0% per annum. The note is secured by a lien on all of the assets of MTI Instruments and is guaranteed by the Company. The line of credit was renewed on May 7, 2012. The line of credit is subject to a review date of June 30, 2013. Under the line of credit, MTI Instruments is required to hold a line balance of $0 for 30 consecutive days out during each consecutive year.  As of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 there were no amounts outstanding under the line of credit. 

Backlog, Inventory and Accounts Receivable

At December 31, 2012, the Company’s order backlog was $1.6 million, compared to $861 thousand at December 31, 2011 due to the timing of shipments of aviation balancing systems, accessory kits and cable sets, predominately at the request of customers. 

Our inventory turnover ratios and average accounts receivable days outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 and their changes are as follows:

The decline in inventory turnover is a result of a 20% increase in average inventory balances, driven by current production schedules, combined with a 43% lower sales volume. 

The average accounts receivable days outstanding improved one day in 2012 compared with 2011 due to improved collection efforts. 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

There are no off balance sheet arrangements of the Company.

Contractual Payment Obligations

Contractual Payment Obligations are not required for a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and in Item 10 (f)(1) of Regulation S-K.  As such, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required under this Item.

Market Risk

Market risk is the risk that changes in market conditions will adversely affect earnings or cashflow. We categorize our market risks as interest rate risk and credit risk. Immediately below are detailed descriptions of the market risks and explanations as to how each of these risks are managed.

Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that changes in interest rates could adversely affect earnings or cashflows. The Company’s cash equivalents are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Interest rate changes would result in a change in interest income due to the difference between the current interest rates on cash. Interest rate risk sensitivity analysis is used to measure interest rate risk by computing estimated changes in cashflow as a result of assumed changes in market interest rates. A 10% decrease in 2012 interest rates would be immaterial to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk of loss we would incur if counterparties fail to perform their contractual obligations. Financial instruments that subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk principally consist of cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable and unbilled contract costs.

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Our trade accounts receivable and unbilled contract costs and fees are primarily from sales to commercial customers, the U.S. government and state agencies. We do not require collateral and have not historically experienced significant credit losses related to receivables or unbilled contract costs and fees from individual customers or groups of customers in any particular industry or geographic area.

Our deposits are primarily in cash and deposited in commercial banks and investment companies. The Company has cash deposits in excess of federally insured limits.  The amount of such deposits is essentially all cash at December 31, 2012.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Note 2 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K includes a summary of our most significant accounting policies. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, and related disclosure of assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, inventories, income taxes, share-based compensation and derivatives. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Periodically, we review our critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.

The significant accounting policies that we believe are most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial statements include the following:

Revenue Recognition. We recognize product revenue when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, delivery of the product to the customer or distributor has occurred, at which time title generally is passed to the customer or distributor, and we have determined that collection of a fixed fee is probable, all of which occur upon shipment of the product. If the product requires installation to be performed by us, all revenue related to the product is deferred and recognized upon the completion of the installation.

We recognize revenue from development contracts based upon the relationship of actual costs to estimated costs to complete the contract. These types of contracts typically provide development services to achieve a specific scientific result relating to direct methanol fuel cell technology. Some of these contracts require us to contribute to the development effort. The customers for these contracts are commercial customers and various state and federal government agencies. While government agencies are providing revenue, we do not expect the government to be a significant end user of the resulting products. Therefore, we do not reduce funded research and product development expense by the funding received. When it appears probable that estimated costs will exceed available funding on fixed price contracts and we are not successful in securing additional funding, we record the estimated additional expense before it is incurred.

We apply accounting guidance on revenue recognition in the evaluation of commercially funded fuel cell research and prototype agreements to determine when to properly recognize income. Payments received in connection with commercial research and prototype agreements are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement for service-related payments. For milestone and prototype delivery payments, if and when achieved, revenue is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the agreement. When revenue qualifies for recognition it will be recorded as funded research and development revenue. The costs associated with research and prototype-producing activities are expensed as incurred. Expenses in an amount equal to revenue recognized are reclassified from unfunded research and product development to funded research and product development.

Inventory. Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or the current estimated market value of the inventory. We periodically review inventory quantities on hand and record a provision for excess or obsolete inventory based primarily on our estimated forecast of product demand, as well as based on historical usage. Demand and usage for products and materials can fluctuate significantly. A significant decrease in demand for our products could result in a short-term increase in the cost of inventory purchases and an increase of excess inventory quantities on hand. Therefore, although we make every effort to assure the accuracy of our forecasts of future product demand, any significant unanticipated changes in demand could have a significant impact on the value of our inventory and our reported operating results.

Share-Based Payments. We grant options to purchase our common stock and award restricted stock to our employees and directors under our equity incentive plans. The benefits provided under these plans are share-based payments subject to the appropriate accounting provisions regarding Share-Based Payments. Effective January 1, 2006, we use the fair value method of accounting with the modified prospective application, which provides for certain changes to the method for valuing share-based compensation. The valuation provisions apply to new awards and to awards that are outstanding on the effective date and subsequently modified. Under the modified prospective application, prior periods are not revised for comparative purposes. Share-based compensation expense recognized under these accounting methods for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $172 thousand. At December 31, 2012, total unrecognized estimated compensation expense related to non-vested awards granted prior to that date was $42 thousand, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average remaining vesting period of 3.3 years.

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We estimate the fair value of share-based awards on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include our expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, risk-free interest rate, and expected dividends.

If factors change and we employ different assumptions for the accounting methodology during future periods, the compensation expense that we record may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the current period. Therefore, we believe it is important for investors to be aware of the high degree of subjectivity involved when using option-pricing models to estimate share-based compensation. Option-pricing models were developed for use in estimating the value of traded options that have no vesting or hedging restrictions, are fully transferable and do not cause dilution. Because our share-based payments have characteristics significantly different from those of freely traded options, and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect our estimates of fair values, in our opinion, existing valuation models, including the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model, may not provide reliable measures of the fair values of our share-based compensation. Consequently, there is a risk that our estimates of the fair values of our share-based compensation awards on the grant dates may bear little resemblance to the intrinsic values realized upon the exercise, expiration, cancellation, or forfeiture of those share-based payments in the future. Certain share-based payments, such as employee stock options, may expire worthless or otherwise result in zero intrinsic value as compared to the fair values originally estimated on the grant date and expensed in our financial statements. Alternatively, value may be realized from these instruments that are significantly in excess of the fair values originally estimated on the grant date and expensed in our financial statements. There currently is neither a market-based mechanism nor other practical application to verify the reliability and accuracy of the estimates stemming from these valuation models, nor a way to compare and adjust the estimates to actual values. Although the fair value of employee share-based awards is determined using a qualified option-pricing model, that value may not be indicative of the fair value observed in a willing buyer/willing seller market transaction. Estimates of share-based compensation expenses are significant to our financial statements, but these expenses are based on the aforementioned option valuation model and will never result in the payment of cash by us.

Theoretical valuation models and market-based methods are evolving and may result in lower or higher fair value estimates for share-based compensation. The timing, readiness, adoption, general acceptance, reliability, and testing of these methods is uncertain. Sophisticated mathematical models may require voluminous historical information, modeling expertise, financial analyses, correlation analyses, integrated software and databases, consulting fees, customization, and testing for adequacy of internal controls.

For purposes of estimating the fair value of stock options granted during the twelve months ended December 31, 2012 using the Black-Scholes model, we used the historical volatility of our stock for the expected volatility assumption input to the Black-Scholes model, consistent with the accounting guidance. The risk-free interest rate is based on the risk-free zero-coupon rate for a period consistent with the expected option term at the time of grant. We do not currently pay nor do we anticipate paying dividends, but we are required to assume a dividend yield as an input to the Black-Scholes model. As such, we use a zero dividend rate. The expected option term is calculated in accordance with the simplified method for calculating the expected term assumption.  The simplified method is a calculation based on using both historical term measures and projected termination estimates.

Income Taxes. As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we calculate income taxes for each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This involves estimating actual current taxes due together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment for tax and accounting purposes that are recorded as deferred tax assets and liabilities. We periodically evaluate deferred tax assets, net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards to determine their recoverability based primarily on our ability to generate future taxable income.

Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. We considered all available evidence, both positive and negative, such as historical levels of income and future forecasts of taxable income amongst other items in determining our valuation allowance. In addition, our assessment requires us to schedule future taxable income in accordance with accounting standards that address income taxes to assess the appropriateness of a valuation allowance, which further requires the exercise of significant management judgment.

As a result of our analyses in 2011, we released a portion of our valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. The partial release of the valuation allowance caused an incremental tax benefit of $1.5 million that was recognized in the fourth quarter of 2011. For our analysis, we projected our pre-tax earnings utilizing a combination of historical and projected results, taking into consideration existing levels of permanent differences, non-deductible expense and the reversal of significant temporary differences. We need to generate approximately $225 thousand of taxable income in each year over the next twenty years to ensure the realizability of the $1.5 million of deferred tax assets recorded on our balance sheet at December 31, 2012. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or we adjust these estimates in future periods, we may need to adjust the recorded valuation allowance, which could materially impact our financial position and results of operations. The remaining valuation allowance at December 31, 2012 is $17.8 million and relates primarily to net operating losses. We will continue to evaluate the ability to realize our deferred tax assets and related valuation allowance on a quarterly basis.

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Our Federal net operating loss carryforwards as of December 31, 2012 were $69.1 million. Of these, $52.4 million are MTI’s and $16.7 million are for MTI Micro. However, approximately $14.6 million of MTI Micro’s NOLs have been reduced due to limitations caused by Section 382 ownership changes. Of the remaining NOL’s, $4.1 million expire in 2020, with the remainder expiring through 2033.

We account for taxes in accordance with the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, we must recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. The impact of our reassessment of our tax positions for these standards did not have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity.

Derivative Instruments. We account for derivative instruments and embedded derivative instruments in accordance with the accounting standard for Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended. The amended standard requires an entity to recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the statement of financial position and measure these instruments at fair value. Fair value is estimated using the Black-Scholes Pricing model. We also follow accounting standards for the Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock, which requires freestanding contracts that are settled in a company’s own stock, including common stock warrants, to be designated as an equity instrument, asset or a liability. Under these provisions a contract designated as an asset or a liability must be carried at fair value, with any changes in fair value recorded in the results of operations. A contract designated as an equity instrument can be included in equity, with no fair value adjustments required.

The derivatives are valued on a quarterly basis using the Black-Scholes Pricing model. Significant assumptions used in the valuation included exercise dates, closing prices for our common stock, volatility of our common stock, and a proxy risk-free interest rate. Gains (losses) on derivatives are included in “Gain (loss) on derivatives” in our consolidated statement of operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

A discussion of recently adopted and new accounting pronouncements is included in Note 2 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company is exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates and credit risk, which could affect its future results of operations and financial condition. We manage our exposure to these risks through regular operating and financing activities. See Market Risk, included in Part II, Item 7 above, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements as required for a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and in Item 10 (f)(1) of Regulation S-K are filed herewith beginning at page F-1 and are incorporated in this Item 8 by reference.

Selected Quarterly Financial Data is not required for a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and in Item 10 (f)(1) of Regulation S-K.  As such, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required under this Item.

Item 9: Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

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On June 18, 2012, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company approved the dismissal of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC) and engaged UHY LLP (UHY) as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012. The report of PwC for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, contained no adverse opinions, disclaimer of opinion or qualification or modification as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles, except that PwC's report on the Company's financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2010 included an explanatory paragraph noting that there was substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 and the interim period from January 1, 2012 through June 18, 2012, there were no disagreements between the Company and PwC on any accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedure, which, if not resolved to the satisfaction of PwC would have caused it to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreement in connection with its report. There were no reportable events as defined in paragraph (a)(1)(v) of Item 304 of Regulation S-K within the Company’s fiscal years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 or the period from January 1, 2012 through June 18, 2012.

The Company did not consult with UHY during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 and the interim period from January 1, 2012 through June 18, 2012, on any matters described in Items 304(a)(2)(i) or 304(a)(2)(ii) of Regulation S-K.

Item 9A: Controls and Procedures

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our acting chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of MTI’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2012. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. We recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and we necessarily apply our judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the valuation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2012, our acting chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

(b) Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management of our Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as that term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting using the criteria set forth in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation using the criteria set forth in Internal Control—Integrated Framework, Management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2012.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Our report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit us to provide only Management’s Report in this annual report.

(c) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(1) under the Exchange Act, during our fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2012 that have materially affected, or are reasonable likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B: Other Information

No information was required to be disclosed in a current Report on Form 8-K during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K which has not been reported.

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PART III

Item 10: Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

(a)Information About Our Directors

 Incorporated herein by referenceSet forth below is certain information regarding the directors of the Company as of April 27, 2021.

Edward R. Hirshfield has served as a member of the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") since October 2016. He has also served as a Director of our subsidiary, MTI Instruments, Inc., since October 2016 and of our subsidiary, EcoChain, Inc. ("EcoChain"), since its incorporation in January 2020. Since 2018, Mr. Hirshfield has served as Managing Director in the restructuring group at B. Riley FBR, Inc., a leading financial services provider, where he advises stressed and distressed companies and their constituencies. From 2015 until 2018, Mr. Hirshfield served as a partner at Steppingstone Group, LLC, a special situations private equity fund located in New York. Mr. Hirshfield's responsibilities in this role included business development activities, conducting extensive credit analysis on target companies, as well as portfolio management. Mr. Hirshfield began his career as a loan officer at CIT Group Inc. and then became a restructuring advisor at a boutique investment bank, CDG Group. In 2003, Mr. Hirshfield moved over to the buy side and joined Longacre Fund Management, LLC, a $2.5 billion distressed debt fund. Mr. Hirshfield continued as a distressed investor at Del Mar Asset Management, LP, Ramius LLC, and most recently CRG, LLC from 2012 through 2014. At CRG, LLC, Mr. Hirshfield was responsible for identifying and managing investments in distressed situations and conducting extensive research on potential investments. Mr. Hirshfield has a B.S. in Applied Mathematics from Union College and an M.B.A. from Fordham University Graduate School of Business. Mr. Hirshfield brings over 20 years of experience understanding and analyzing public and private companies. He has an expertise in providing operational and investment recommendations as well as providing extensive valuation and credit analysis, which the Board believes qualifies him to serve as a director.

William P. Phelan has served as a member of the Board since December 2004. He also served as interim Chief Executive Officer and President of EcoChain from March 2020 to November 2020, and as interim Vice President of EcoChain from November 2020 to March 2021. Mr. Phelan is the information appearingco-founder and Chief Executive Officer of Bright Hub, Inc., a software company founded in 2005 that focuses on the development of online software for commerce. In May 1999, Mr. Phelan founded OneMade, Inc., an electronic commerce marketplace technology systems and tools provider. Mr. Phelan served as Chief Executive Officer of OneMade, Inc. from May 1999 to May 2004, including for a year after it was sold to, and remained a subsidiary of, America Online. Mr. Phelan serves on the Board of Trustees and is a Finance Committee member and an Investment Committee Chair for Capital District Physician's Health Plan, Inc. Mr. Phelan also serves on the Board of Trustees and Chairman of the Audit Committee of the Paradigm Mutual Fund Family. He has also held numerous executive positions at Fleet Equity Partners, Cowen & Company, First Albany Corporation, and UHY Advisors, Inc., formerly Urbach Kahn & Werlin, PC. Mr. Phelan has a B.A. in Accounting and Finance from Siena College and an M.S. in Taxation from City College of New York, and is a Certified Public Accountant. Mr. Phelan contributes leadership, capital markets experience, and strategic insight as well as innovation in technology to the Board, which the Board believes qualifies him to serve as a director.

Matthew E. Lipman has served as a member of the Board since October 2016. Since 2004, Mr. Lipman has served as Managing Director of Brookstone Partners, a lower middle market private equity firm based in New York and an affiliate of Brookstone Partners Acquisition XXIV, LLC ("Brookstone XXIV"). Mr. Lipman's responsibilities at Brookstone Partners include identifying and evaluating investment opportunities, performing transaction due diligence, managing the capital structure of portfolio companies, and working with management teams to implement operational and growth strategies. In addition, Mr. Lipman is responsible for executing add-on acquisitions and other portfolio company-related strategic projects. From July 2001 through June 2004, Mr. Lipman was an analyst in the mergers and acquisitions group at UBS Financial Services Inc., responsible for formulating and executing on complex merger, acquisition, and financing strategies for Fortune 500 companies in the industrial, consumer products, and healthcare sectors. Mr. Lipman currently serves on the Board of Directors of Instone, LLC, Denison Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Virginia Abrasives Corporation, and Capstone Therapeutics Corp. Mr. Lipman has a B.S. in Business Administration from Babson College. Mr. Lipman brings over 18 years of experience working with companies to establish growth strategies and execute acquisitions, is proficient in reading and understanding financial statements, generally accepted accounting principles, and internal controls as a direct result of his investment experience evaluating companies for potential investments and the management of financial reporting and capital structure for three portfolio companies, as well as relevant experience in serving on other boards of directors, which the Board believes qualifies him to serve as a director. As part of our sale of 3,750,000 shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share ("Common Stock"), to Brookstone XXIV in October 2016, Brookstone XXIV has two designated directors that sit on the Board; Mr. Lipman is one such director.

Alykhan Madhavji was appointed to the Board on February 24, 2021. Mr. Madhavji has served as Managing Partner of Blockchain Founders Fund, a seed and early-stage investment fund that focuses on adding value to emerging technology and blockchain projects with real-world applications, since 2018. Prior to that, Mr. Madhavji served as a Senior Associate at PwC in its assurance and consulting division from 2012 through 2015. He has also served as a member of the Board of Directors of CryptoStar Corp., a Canadian publicly-listed cryptocurrency producer, since August 2020. Mr. Madhavji has served on various advisory boards including the University of Toronto's Governing Council, which manages a $2.5 billion budget. Mr. Madhavji consults leading organizations, including the United Nations (the "UN"), on emerging technologies including Blockchain and how technology can help these organizations to achieve the UN's Sustainable Development Goals.  Mr. Madhavji is a Limited Partner at Loyal VC, a global venture capital fund focusing on early-stage investing, and Draper Goren Holm, a Fintech Venture Studio focused on investing in early-stage blockchain startups, a Senior Blockchain Fellow at INSEAD, a non-profit, private university in France, in which he supports the institution on being at the forefront of global digital transformation, and is recognized as a "Blockchain 100" Global Leader by Lattice80. He is an internationally acclaimed author, having published three books, and a frequent columnist for leading blockchain publications. He holds a Bachelor of Commerce from the University of Toronto, a Master of Business Administration from INSEAD, earned in 2017, and a Master of Global Affairs, as a Schwarzman Scholar, from Tsinghua University, earned in 2018. Mr. Madhavji has deep expertise in emerging technologies and blockchain start-ups which the Board believes, particularly in light of the Company's entry into the cryptocurrency mining sector in 2020, qualifies him to serve as a director.

David C. Michaels has served as our Chairman of the Board since January 2017 and as a member of the Board since August 2013. Mr. Michaels served as the Chief Financial Officer of the American Institute for Economic Research, Inc., an internationally-recognized economics research and education organization, from October 2008 until his retirement in May 2018. Prior to that, Mr. Michaels served as Chief Financial Officer at Starfire Systems, Inc. from December 2006 to September 2008. Mr. Michaels worked at Albany International Corp. from March 1987 to December 2006 as Vice President, Treasury and Tax, and Chief Risk Officer. Mr. Michaels also worked at Veeco Instruments from May 1979 to March 1987 in various roles including Controller and Tax Manager. Mr. Michaels is a member of the Board of Directors and Chair of the Audit Committee of Iverson Genetic Diagnostics, Inc. Mr. Michaels also serves as a member of the Board of Governors and Treasurer of the Country Club of Troy. Mr. Michaels has a Bachelor of Science degree with dual majors in Accounting and Finance and a minor in Economics from the University at Albany and completed graduate-level coursework at the C.W. Post campus of Long Island University. Mr. Michaels also completed the Leadership Institute Program at the Lally School of Management & Technology at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Mr. Michaels contributes more than 30 years of international financial and operating experience in a wide variety of roles in both public and private organizations to the Board, which the Board believes qualifies him to serve as a director.

William Hazelip was appointed to the Board on February 23, 2021. Since 2015, he has served as Vice President of National Grid PLC, a multinational electricity and gas utility company headquartered in London, England. He has also served as National Grid PLC's President, Global Transmission (US) since 2017 and President of Strategic Growth for National Grid Ventures since August 2019, developing new business opportunities in electric transmission, energy storage, and renewable energy. Prior to joining National Grid, PLC, he was the Managing Director, Business Development at Duke Energy Corporation and the President of Path 15 Transmission, an independent electric transmission company in California, where he led the acquisition for Duke Energy Corporation. Mr. Hazelip also has extensive experience serving on the board of directors of companies. He currently serves as member of the board of directors of Millennium Pipeline Corporation, a multi-billion dollar natural gas pipeline company, the Vice-Chairman of the board of directors of New York Transco, a growing electric transmission company, and a board of directors representative of Clean Energy Generation, a renewable energy and battery energy storage joint venture with NextEra Energy Resources. Mr. Hazelip began his career as an Area Director for CWL Investments, LLC, a Michigan investor group that owns and operates restaurant franchises including Jimmy John's Gourmet Sandwich Shops. Mr. Hazelip earned a Bachelor of Arts from Emory University, Atlanta, GA, and an International Master of Business Administration (IMBA) from the Darla Moore School of Business at the University of South Carolina. Mr. Hazelip is an accomplished leader in the energy industry, with deep experience in utility project development, financing, regulation, and operations, which the Board believes, particularly in light of the Company's involvement with the renewable energy sector as it relates to their cryptocurrency mining subsidiary, qualifies him to serve as a director.

Thomas J. Marusak has served as a member of the Board since December 2004. Additionally, Mr. Marusak has served as a member of the Boards of Directors of our subsidiaries MTI Instruments since April 2011 and EcoChain since January 2020. Since 1986, Mr. Marusak has served as President of Comfortex Corporation, a manufacturer of window blinds and specialty shades. Mr. Marusak was a member of the Advisory Board of Directors for Key Bank of New York from 1996 through 2004 and served on the Board of Directors of the New York Energy Research and Development Authority from 1998 through 2006. In 2019, Mr. Marusak retired from the Board of Directors of the Capital District Physician's Health Plan, Inc., in Albany, where he had served for the prior eight years and had participated as a member of the board's Finance, Compensation, Audit, Investment, and Executive Committees. Additionally, Mr. Marusak has served as a Board member for the following entities in the course of his professional career: Center for Economic Growth (past Chair), Dynabil Corp. (Advisory Board), and the Albany Chamber of Commerce (Executive Board). Mr. Marusak received a B.S. in Engineering from Pennsylvania State University and an M.S. in Engineering from Stanford University. Mr. Marusak brings technical development, manufacturing experience, product development and introduction, financial accounting, and human resources expertise to the Board, as well as relevant experience in committee and board service, which the Board believes qualifies him to serve as a director.

Michael Toporek was named our Chief Executive Officer on November 2, 2020 and has served as a member of the Board since October 2016. Since 2003, Mr. Toporek has served as the Managing General Partner of Brookstone Partners, a lower middle market private equity firm based in New York and an affiliate of Brookstone XXIV. Prior to founding Brookstone Partners in 2003, Mr. Toporek was both an active principal investor and an investment banker. Mr. Toporek began his career in Chemical Bank's Investment Banking Group, later joining Dillon, Read and Co., which became UBS Warburg Securities Ltd. during his tenure, and SG Cowen and Company. Mr. Toporek currently serves on the Board of Trustees of Harlem Academy and on the Board of Directors of Capstone Therapeutics Corp. Mr. Toporek has a B.A. in Economics and an M.B.A. from the University of Chicago in Finance/Accounting. Mr. Toporek brings strategic and financial expertise to the Board as a result of his experience with Brookstone Partners, which the Board believes qualifies him to serve as a director. As part of our sale of 3,750,000 shares of Common Stock to Brookstone XXIV in October 2016, Brookstone XXIV has two designated directors that sit on the Board; Mr. Toporek is one such director.

There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee consists of Mr. Michaels (Chairman), Mr. Phelan, Mr. Hirshfield, and Mr. Madhavji (effective March 9, 2021). The Board has determined that each member of the Audit Committee is independent, as defined under the captions “Information aboutapplicable rules and listing standards of Nasdaq Stock Market LLC and SEC rules and regulations.  In addition, the Board has determined that Mr. Michaels qualifies as an "audit committee financial expert" as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC. Mr. Michael's designation by the Board as an "audit committee financial expert" is not intended to be a representation that he is an expert for any purpose as a result of such designation, nor is it intended to impose on him any duties, obligations, or liability greater than the duties, obligations, or liability imposed on him as a member of the Audit Committee and the Board in the absence of such designation.

Executive Officers Who Are Not Directors

Jessica L. Thomas, age 47, joined MTI as our Directors”Chief Financial Officer in July 2020. Ms. Thomas supervises the Company's financial reporting, treasury, human resources, and “Compliancerisk management. Prior to her employment with the Company, Ms. Thomas served as Director of Optimization for Pregis, LLC, a provider of protective packaging materials, from 2014 through July 2020, where she was responsible for operations, system, and financial optimization. From 2009 through 2014, Ms. Thomas worked at Plasan NA as Manager of Budget & Control and Financial Planning & Analysis and was also responsible for compliance with government contracting, including monitoring compliance with Defense Contract Audit Agency  and Federal Acquisition Regulations. From 2007 to 2009, Ms. Thomas was a Senior Staff Auditor at Cruden & Company, CPA's PLLC. Ms. Thomas has also held positions in the banking industry as an officer at Key Bank and a Bank Branch Manager at M&T Bank. Ms. Thomas received a bachelor's degree in Business Administration and Accounting from Siena College and an M.B.A. in Finance & International Finance from Northeastern University. Ms. Thomas obtained her Certified Public Accountant license in May 2009, has been a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) since 2005, and holds the Chartered Global Management Accountant (CGMA) designation.

Moshe Binyamin, age 51, joined MTI Instruments in September 2019 and served as the Director of Market Management and Strategic Growth until January 2020, when he was appointed Chief Operating Officer responsible for all operational aspects of the Company. In May 2020, he was appointed as President of MTI Instruments. Prior to joining MTI Instruments, Mr. Binyamin served in several roles with Datto Inc. (formerly Autotask Corp.), a cybersecurity and data backup company. During his 12-year tenure there, his positions included Director of Market Management from 2017 to 2019, in which he was responsible for the achievement of strategic objectives for Autotask Workplace (File Sync and Share) and Autotask Endpoint Backup products, and Director of Strategic Programs from 2014 to 2017, in which he was responsible for the co-ordination and management of all company-wide strategic projects as part of Autotask's accelerated growth initiatives as set forth by Autotask's executive team and Vista Equity Partners' Autotask board. Prior to joining Datto, Mr. Binyamin was the Global Product Manager for Pitney Bowes (Formerly MapInfo). Mr. Binyamin is a graduate of Vista Equity Partner's exclusive HPLP (High Potential Leadership Program) with focus on business administration, management, and operations. He holds a Computer Analyst in Applied Science degree, obtained in 1991, from Israeli Defense Forces.

Our executive officers are elected or appointed by the Board and hold their respective offices until their respective successors are elected and qualified or until their earlier resignation or removal. 

Delinquent Section 16(A) Reports

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, requires our directors, our executive officers, and persons who beneficially own of 1934” in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2013 Annual Meetingmore than 10% of Stockholdersthe Common Stock to be filedfile with the SEC initial reports of ownership of the Common Stock and other equity securities on a Form 3 and report of changes in such ownership on a Form 4 or before April 26, 2013.

(b) ExecutiveForm 5. Officers,

 Incorporated herein directors, and 10% stockholders are required by reference is the information appearing under the captions “Executive Officers” and “ComplianceSEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. To our knowledge, based solely on a review of all Forms 3, 4, and 5 and amendments thereto furnished to us during the Securities Exchange Actmost recent fiscal year and written representations by the persons required to file such reports, all filing requirements of 1934” inSection 16(a) were satisfied with respect to our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2013 Annual Meetingmost recent fiscal year except as follows: one Form 4 was filed late by Ms. Thomas with respect to one transaction - her receipt of Stockholders to bea grant of restricted stock awards, and Mr. Madhavji filed with the SEC on or before April 26, 2013.a late Form 3.

Incorporated herein by reference is the information appearing under the caption “Board of Director Meetings and Committees – Audit Committee” in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC on or before April 26, 2013.

Code of Ethics:Conduct and Ethics

We have adopted a Code of Conduct and Ethics for employees, officers and directors. The Code of Ethics is intended to comply with Item 406 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. A copy may be obtained at no charge by written request to the attention of our Secretary at 325 Washington Avenue Extension, Albany, New York 12205. A copy of the Code of Conduct and Ethics is also available on our website at http:https://www.mechtech.com under Investor Relations, Corporate Governance.Investors, Governance Documents.

Item 11: Executive Compensation

Compensation Philosophy

Incorporated hereinThe primary objectives of our compensation policies are to attract, retain, motivate, develop, and reward our management team for executing our strategic business plan, thereby enhancing stockholder value, while recognizing and rewarding individual and Company performance. These compensation policies include: (i) an overall management compensation program that is competitive with companies of similar size or within our industries and (ii) long-term incentive compensation in the form of stock-based compensation that is aimed towards encouraging management to continue to focus on stockholder returns. Our executive compensation program ties a substantial portion of our executives' overall compensation to key strategic, financial, and operational goals, including: establishing and maintaining customer relationships; signing original equipment manufacturer agreements; meeting revenue targets and profit and expense targets; introducing new products; progressing products towards manufacturing; and improving operational efficiency.

We believe that potential equity ownership in the Company is important to provide executive officers with incentives to build value for our stockholders. We believe that equity awards provide executives with a strong link to our short-term and long-term performance while creating an ownership culture to maintain the alignment of interests between our executives and our stockholders. When implemented responsibly, we also believe these equity incentives can function as a powerful executive retention tool.

The Compensation Committee of the Board, consisting entirely of independent directors, administers our compensation plans and policies, including the establishment of policies that govern base salary as well as short-term and long-term incentives for our executive management team.

Summary of Cash and Other Compensation

The following table sets forth the total compensation awarded to, earned by, referenceor paid to, for services rendered in all capacities to the Company during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our "named executive officers," as defined in SEC rules.

Summary Compensation Table

Base Salary and Cash Incentives of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer

On May 5, 2017, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Jones to serve as its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. The agreement provided for an initial term ending December 31, 2018, and, unless either party provided written notice that the agreement would not be renewed, was renewed for an additional year on December 31, 2018 and each subsequent December 31; such non-renewal could be for any or for no stated reason. Mr. Jones resigned from the Company and provided notice of non-renewal on August 24, 2020.

The agreement provided that Mr. Jones would receive an annual base salary of $182,310 or such higher figure as may be agreed upon from time to time by the Board. Mr. Jones was also eligible to receive an annual bonus in accordance with our executive bonus program, which is established annually by the Board at its sole discretion, and also could have received, at our sole discretion, an additional, discretionary bonus in connection with his annual evaluation by the Board. Mr. Jones was also eligible to receive options to purchase Common Stock or other equity awards under our equity incentive plans in such amounts as determined by the Board, and was entitled to such employee benefits, if any, as are generally provided to our full-time employees.

In January 2019, the Compensation Committee increased Mr. Jones' annual base salary to $193,125. The Compensation Committee approved a $25,000 payment for Mr. Jones for his additional responsibilities and duties relative to the Company's initiative to establish EcoChain and associated investment in the field of vertically integrated energy production and cryptocurrency mining. As such, we accrued for Mr. Jones, as of December 31, 2019, a $25,000 payment. This accrual was paid in full during January 2020.

In January 2020, the Compensation Committee increased Mr. Jones' annual base salary to $198,919.

Mr. Jones resigned as the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer effective September 11, 2020. Upon his resignation, all options to purchase Common Stock held by Mr. Jones were exercisable within 90 days and were exercised by him within that timeframe. Due to the voluntary nature of his resignation, Mr. Jones did not receive any termination or other payments in connection with his resignation.

In addition to base salary compensation, we consider short-term cash incentives to be an important tool in motivating and rewarding near-term performance against established short-term goals. We do not utilize a specific formula, but executive management is eligible for cash awards contingent upon achievement of individual, financial, or Company-wide performance criteria. The criteria are established to ensure that a reasonable portion of an executive's total annual compensation is performance-based.

We believe that the higher an executive's level of responsibility, the greater the portion of that executive's total earnings potential should be tied to the achievement of critical technological, operational, and financial goals. We believe that this strategy places the desired proportionate level of risk and reward on performance by the executive officers.

While performance targets are established at levels that are intended to be achievable, we believe that we have structured these incentives so that maximum bonus payouts would require a substantial level of both individual and Company performance.

Long-Term Equity Incentive Compensation

Equity awards typically take the form of stock options, restricted stock grants, or restricted stock units under our equity compensation plans. Authority to make equity awards to executive officers rests with the Compensation Committee. In determining the size of awards for new or current executives, the Compensation Committee consider the competitive market, strategic plan performance, contribution to future initiatives, benchmarking of comparative equity ownership for executives in comparable positions at similar companies, individual option history, and recommendations of our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman.

   We generally base our criteria for performance-based equity awards on one or more of the following long-term measurements:

• procurement and maintenance of original equipment manufacturer alliance/strategic agreements;

• manufacturing readiness;

• financing targets;

• gross revenue and profit goals;

• operating expense improvements; and

• product launches, new product introductions, or improvements to existing products or product-intent prototypes.

These performance measurements support various initiatives identified by the Board as critical to our future success, and are either expressed as absolute in terms of success or failure or will be measured in more qualitative terms.

The timing of all equity awards for our named executive officers have coincided with either employment anniversary dates or our annual meeting dates, or such equity awards are granted at the next scheduled meeting of the Compensation Committee following the completion or assignment of the applicable objectives. We do not time equity grants to our executives in coordination with the release of material non-public information, appearingnor do we impose any equity ownership guidelines on our executives.

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End

The following table provides information as to equity awards granted by the Company and held by Michael Toporek and Jessica Thomas and outstanding as of December 31, 2020. Frederick Jones held no outstanding equity awards of the Company at December 31, 2020.

Director Compensation for Fiscal Year 2020

Directors who are also our employees, in particular Mr. Toporek, are not compensated for serving on the Board.

On January 14, 2020, the Board's Compensation Committee authorized non-employee directors to continue to receive cash compensation of $10,000 per year, with additional consideration for the lead independent director of $5,000 per year. The Committee also authorized special one-time restricted stock awards to the CEO and members of the Company's Investment Committee, as shown in the table below. The restricted stock awards vest in two equal annual installments beginning on January 14, 2021. Future director compensation will be determined by the Compensation Committee.

(1) As of December 31, 2020, Mr. Hirshfield had 7,500 options outstanding, 3,750 of which were exercisable.

(2) As of December 31, 2020, Mr. Lipman had 7,500 options outstanding, 3,750 of which were exercisable.

(3) As of December 31, 2020, Mr. Marusak had 44,500 options outstanding, 38,250 of which were exercisable.

(4) As of December 31, 2020, Mr. Michaels had 43,000 options outstanding, 35,500 of which were exercisable.

(5) As of December 31, 2020, Mr. Phelan had 83,500 options outstanding, 77,250 of which were exercisable.

Summary of the Company's Equity Incentive Plans

General Plan Information

As of December 31, 2020, the Company had two equity compensation plans pursuant to which equity awards could be granted or under which equity awards were outstanding - the Amended and Restated 2012 Plan (the "2012 Plan") and the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2014 Plan").

Additionally, the Company's stockholders approved the Company's 2021 Stock Incentive Plan at a special meeting of stockholders on March 25, 2021 (the "2021 Plan" and, together with the 2012 Plan and the 2014 Plan, the "Plans"). The 2021 Plan was adopted by the Board on February 12, 2021 and approved by our stockholders on March 25, 2021.

2012 Plan

The 2012 Plan, was adopted by the Board on April 14, 2012 and approved by our stockholders on June 14, 2012. The 2012 Plan was amended and restated by the Board effective October 20, 2016 to (i) permit the award agreement or another agreement entered into between the Company and the award grantee to vary the method of exercise of options issued under the caption “Executive Compensation”2012 Plan and (ii) permit another agreement entered into between the Company and the award grantee, in addition to the award agreement, to vary the provisions governing expiration of options or other awards under the 2012 Plan following termination of the award recipient's service with the Company. The 2012 Plan provides that an aggregate of 600,000 shares of Common Stock may be awarded or issued pursuant to the 2012 Plan. The number of shares of Common Stock that may be awarded under the 2012 Plan and awards outstanding may be subject to adjustment on account of any recapitalization, reclassification, stock split, reverse stock split, and other dilutive changes in the Company’s definitive Proxy StatementCommon Stock. Under the 2012 Plan, the Board is authorized to issue stock options (incentive and nonqualified), stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and other stock-based awards to employees, officers, directors, consultants, and advisors of the Company and its subsidiaries. Incentive stock options may only be granted to employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2020, options to purchase 240,680 shares of Common Stock were outstanding under the 2012 Plan, of which 118,500 were exercisable, with 1,750 shares reserved for future grants of equity awards under the 2012 Plan.

2014 Plan

The 2014 Plan was adopted by the Board on March 12, 2014 and approved by our 2013 Annual Meetingstockholders on June 11, 2014. The 2014 Plan provides an aggregate number of Stockholders500,000 shares of Common Stock that may be awarded or issued under the 2014 Plan. The number of shares that may be awarded under the 2014 Plan and awards outstanding may be subject to adjustment on account of any stock dividend, spin-off, stock split, reverse stock split, split-up, recapitalization, reclassification, reorganization, combination or exchange of shares, merger, consolidation, liquidation, business combination, exchange of shares, or the like. Under the 2014 Plan, the Board-appointed administrator of the 2014 Plan is authorized to issue stock options (incentive and nonqualified), stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, phantom stock, performance awards, and other stock-based awards to employees, officers, and directors of, and other individuals providing bona fide services to or for, the Company or any affiliate of the Company. Incentive stock options may only be filedgranted to employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2020, options to purchase 239,000 shares of Common Stock were outstanding under the 2014 Plan, of which 157,500 were exercisable, with 9,375 shares reserved for future grants of equity awards under the 2014 Plan.

2021 Plan

The 2021 Plan was adopted by the Board on February 12, 2021, and approved by the stockholders on March 25, 2021. The 2021 Plan authorizes the Company to issue such shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of stock options, the grant of restricted stock awards, and the conversion of restricted stock units (collectively, the "Awards"). The Compensation Committee has full authority, subject to the terms of the 2021 Plan, to interpret the 2021 Plan and establish rules and regulations for the proper administration of the 2021 Plan. Subject to certain adjustments as provided in the 2021 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the 2021 Plan (i) pursuant to the exercise of stock options, (ii) as restricted stock, and (iii) as available pursuant to restricted stock units shall be limited to (A) during the Company's fiscal year ending December 31, 2021, 1,460,191 shares of Common Stock, and (B) beginning with the SEC on or before April 26, 2013.Company's fiscal year ending December 31, 2022), 15% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Subject to certain adjustments as provided in the 2021 Plan, (i) shares of Common Stock subject to the 2021 Plan shall include shares of Common Stock forfeited in a prior year and (ii) the number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the 2021 Plan may never be less than the number of shares of Common Stock that are then outstanding under Award grants.

Prerequisites and Other Benefits

Our executive officers are eligible to participate in similar benefit plans available to all our other employees including medical, dental, vision, group life, disability, accidental death and dismemberment, paid time off, and 401(k) plan benefits.

We also maintain a standard directors and officers liability insurance policy with coverage similar to the coverage typically provided by other small publicly-held technology companies.

Item 12: Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Incorporated herein by reference is the information appearing under the caption “Principal Stockholders” in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC on or before April 26, 2013.

Equity Compensation Plans

As of December 31, 2012,2020, we have fourhad three equity compensation plans, each of which was originally approved by our stockholders; the Mechanical Technology, Incorporated 1996 Stock Incentive Plan (the 1996 Plan), 1999 Employee Stock Incentive Plan (the 1999 Plan), 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2006 Plan) and the Mechanical Technology Incorporated 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2012 Plan).  The 2006 Plan was amended and restated and approved by our Board of Directors in 2011 and 2009. We refer collectively to these as the Plans. See Note 13 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a description of these Plans.

shareholders. The following table presents information regarding these plansthe Plans as of December 31, 2012:2020:

 _______________________________________

25Security Ownership Of Certain Beneficial Owners And Management And Related Stockholder Matters

The following table sets forth certain information regarding shares of Common Stock beneficially owned as of April 14, 2021, for (i) each stockholder known to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding shares of common stock, (ii) each named executive officer and director, and (iii) all executive officers and directors as a group. A person is considered to beneficially own any shares over which such person, directly or indirectly, exercises sole or shared voting or investment power.

(1)          Based on 9,889,762 shares of Common Stock outstanding on April 14, 2021 and, with respect to each individual holder, rights to acquire shares of Common Stock exercisable within 60 days of April 14, 2021.

(2)          Unless otherwise indicated, each of the stockholders has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the stockholder.

(3)          Includes 3,750 shares of Common Stock issuable to Mr. Binyamin upon exercise of stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 14, 2021.

(4)          Includes 3,750 shares of Common Stock issuable to Mr. Toporek upon exercise of stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 14, 2021.  Also includes 3,750,000 shares of Common Stock owned by Mr. Toporek indirectly pursuant to his position with Brookstone  XXIV and/or its affiliates.

(5)          Includes 3,750 shares of Common Stock issuable to Mr. Hirshfield upon exercise of stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 14, 2021.

(6)          Includes 3,750 shares of Common Stock issuable to Mr. Lipman upon exercise of stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 14, 2021.  Also includes 3,750,000 shares of Common Stock owned by Mr. Lipman indirectly pursuant to his position with Brookstone Partners XXIV and/or its affiliates.

(7)          Includes 38,250 shares of Common Stock issuable to Mr. Marusak upon exercise of stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 14, 2021.

(8)          Includes 35,500 shares of Common Stock issuable to Mr. Michaels upon exercise of stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 14, 2021.

(9)          Representatives of Brookstone XXIV have provided us the following information: As the Manager of Brookstone XXIV, Brookstone Partners I.A.C. may be deemed to beneficially own the shares of Common Stock owned directly by Brookstone XXIV. Michael Toporek is President of Brookstone Partners I.A.C. and Matthew Lipman is Secretary of Brookstone Partners I.A.C. and share voting and dispositive power over the shares of Common Stock owned by Brookstone XXIV. As a result of the foregoing, in computing the beneficial ownership of all executive officers and directors, as a group, the 3,750,000 shares of Common Stock owned indirectly by each of Mr. Toporek and Mr. Lipman, as a result of their interests in Brookstone XXIV and/or its affiliates, is only counted once.  The address of each of Brookstone XXIV, Brookstone Partners I.A.C., Michael Toporek, and Matthew Lipman is 232 Madison Avenue, Suite 600, New York, New York 10016.

Item 13: Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Review and Approval or Ratification of Transactions with Related Persons

Incorporated hereinWe have adopted a written policy requiring that all related person transactions be reported to our executive management and/or the Board and approved or ratified by referencethe Audit Committee. In completing its review of proposed related person transactions, the Audit Committee considers the aggregate value of the transaction, whether the transaction was undertaken in the ordinary course of business, the nature of the relationships involved, and whether the transaction is on terms comparable to those that could be obtained in arm's length dealings with an unrelated third party.

We believe the terms of any transactions with related persons are as fair to us as those obtainable from unaffiliated third parties.

The following is a summary of transactions between MTI and certain related persons, as required to be disclosed under applicable SEC rules, that occurred since January 1, 2019, and any ongoing related relationships with related persons:

Legal Services

During the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company incurred $95,000 and $54,000, respectively, to Couch White, LLP for legal services associated with contract review. During 2021 (through April 27, 2021), the Company incurred $55,000 respectively, to Couch White, LLP for various corporate and governance matters.  A partner at Couch White, LLP is an immediate family member of Thomas J. Marusak, one of our directors. We anticipate using Couch White for certain legal services in the future.

Soluna Transactions

On January 8, 2020, the Company formed EcoChain as a wholly-owned subsidiary to pursue a new business line focused on cryptocurrency and the blockchain ecosystem. In connection with this new business line, EcoChain established a facility to mine cryptocurrencies and integrate with the blockchain network. Pursuant to an Operating and Management Agreement dated January 13, 2020, by and between EcoChain and Soluna Technologies, Ltd. ("Soluna"), a Canadian company that develops vertically-integrated, utility-scale computing facilities focused on cryptocurrency mining and cutting-edge blockchain applications, Soluna assisted the Company, and later EcoChain,  in developing, and is now operating, the cryptocurrency mining facility. The Operating and Management Agreement requires, among other things, that Soluna provide developmental and operational services, as directed by EcoChain, with respect to the cryptocurrency mining facility in exchange for EcoChain's payment to Soluna of a one-time management fee of $65,000 and profit-based success payments in the event EcoChain achieves explicit profitability thresholds. Once aggregate earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization of the mine exceeds the total amount of funding provided by EcoChain to Soluna (whether pursuant to this agreement or otherwise) for the purposes of creating, developing, assembling, and constructing the mine (the "Threshold"), Soluna is entitled to ongoing success payments of 20.0% of the earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization of the mine. As of the date of this Proxy Statement, no additional payments have been made or are due, as the Threshold has not been achieved. Pursuant to the Operating and Management Agreement, during the developmental phase of the cryptocurrency mining facility, which ended on March 14, 2020, Soluna gathered and analyzed information with respect to EcoChain's cryptocurrency mining efforts and produced budgets, financial models, and technical and operational plans, including a detailed business plan, that it delivered to EcoChain in March 2020 (the "Deliverables"), all of which was designed to assist with the efficient implementation of a cryptocurrency mine. The agreement provided that, following EcoChain's acceptance of the Deliverables, which occurred on March 23, 2020, Soluna, on behalf of EcoChain, would commence operations of the cryptocurrency mine in a manner that would allow EcoChain to mine and sell cryptocurrency. In that regard, on May 21, 2020, EcoChain acquired the intellectual property of GigaWatt, Inc. ("GigaWatt") and certain other property and rights of GigaWatt associated with GigaWatt's operation of a crypto-mining operation located in Washington State. The acquired assets formed the cornerstone of EcoChain's current cryptocurrency mining operation. EcoChain sells for U.S. dollars all cryptocurrency it mines and is not in the business of accumulating cryptocurrency on its balance sheet for speculative gains. On October 22, 2020, EcoChain loaned Soluna $112,000 to acquire additional assets from the bankruptcy trustee for GigaWatt's assets.  On the same day, Soluna transferred title of the assets to EcoChain, which under the terms thereof paid off the note. 

On November 19, 2020, EcoChain and Soluna entered into a second Operating and Management Agreement related to a potential location for a cryptocurrency mine in the Southeast United States. In accordance with the terms of the agreement, EcoChain paid Soluna $150,000 in 2020 and $100,000 to date during 2021.

On December 1, 2020, EcoChain and Soluna entered into a third Operating and Management Agreement with respect to a potential location for a cryptocurrency mine in the Southwestern United States, pursuant to which EcoChain paid Soluna $38,000 during 2020; this target location did not meet the business requirements to continue pursuing the potential acquisition, and as a result EcoChain will not make any further payments to Soluna under this agreement.  

Each Operating and Management Agreement requires that Soluna provide project sourcing services to EcoChain, including acquisition negotiations and establishing an operating model, investments/financing timeline, and project development path.  

Simultaneously with entering into the initial Operating and Management Agreement with Soluna, the Company, pursuant to a purchase agreement it entered into with Soluna, made a strategic investment in Soluna by purchasing 158,730 Class A Preferred Shares of Soluna for an aggregate purchase price of $500,000 on January 13, 2020. After acceptance of the Deliverables, as required by the terms of the purchase agreement, on March 23, 2020, the Company purchased an additional 79,365 Class A Preferred Shares of Soluna for an aggregate purchase price of $250,000. The Company also has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase additional equity securities of Soluna and its subsidiaries (including additional Class A Preferred Shares of Soluna) if Soluna secures certain levels or types of project financing with respect to its own wind power generation facilities. The Company has additionally entered into a Side Letter Agreement, dated January 13, 2020, with Soluna Technologies Investment I, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that owns, on a fully diluted basis, 61.5% of Soluna and is controlled by a Brookstone Partners-affiliated director of the Company. The Side Letter Agreement provides for the transfer to the Company, without the payment of any consideration by the Company, of additional Class A Preferred Shares of Soluna in the event Soluna issues additional equity below agreed-upon valuation thresholds.

Several of Soluna's equityholders are affiliated with Brookstone Partners, the investment firm that holds an equity interest in the Company through Brookstone XXIV. The Company's two Brookstone-affiliated directors also serve as directors and, in one case, as an officer, of Soluna and also have ownership interest in Soluna. In light of these relationships, the various transactions by and between the Company and EcoChain, on the one hand, and Soluna, on the other hand, were negotiated on behalf of the Company and EcoChain via an independent investment committee of Board and separate legal representation. The transactions were subsequently unanimously approved by both the independent investment committee and the full Board.

Three of our directors have various affiliations with Soluna.

Michael Toporek, our Chief Executive Officer and a director, owns (i) 90% of the equity of Soluna Technologies Investment I, LLC, which owns 58.8% of Soluna and (ii) 100% of the equity of MJT Park Investors, Inc., which owns 3.1% of Soluna, in each case on a fully-diluted basis. Mr. Toporek does not own directly, or indirectly, any equity interest in Tera Joule, LLC, which owns 8.4% of Soluna; however, as a result of his 100% ownership of Brookstone IAC, Inc., which is the information appearing undermanager of Tera Joule, LLC, he has dispositive power over the caption “Certain Relationshipsequity interests that Tera Joule owns in Soluna.

In addition, one of our directors, Matthew E. Lipman, serves as a director and Related Transactions”as acting Secretary and Treasurer of Soluna. Mr. Lipman does not directly own any equity interest in Tera Joule, LLC, which owns 8.4% of Soluna; however, as a result of his position as a director and officer of Brookstone IAC, Inc., which is the manager of Tera Joule, LLC, he has dispositive power over the equity interests that Tera Joule owns in Soluna.

Finally, our definitive Proxy Statement fordirector William P. Phelan serves as an observer on Soluna's board of directors on behalf of the 2013 Annual MeetingCompany.

As a result of Stockholders to be filedthe relationships and transactions set forth above, the approximate dollar value of the amount of Mr. Toporek's and Mr. Lipman's interest in the Company's transactions with Soluna during the SECyear ended December 31, 2020, was $631,000 and $0, respectively. During 2021, through April 27, 2021, the approximate dollar value of the amount of Mr. Toporek's and Mr. Lipman's interest in the Company's transactions with Soluna was $56,020 and $0, respectively.

The Company's investment in Soluna is carried at the cost of investment and is $750,000 as of April 27, 2021. The Company owns approximately 1.81% of Soluna's common stock, calculated on or beforea fully-diluted basis, as of April 26, 2013.27, 2021.

Director Independence

The Board has determined that Messrs. Hazelip, Hirshfield, Madhavji, Marusak, Michaels, and Phelan are "independent directors," as defined by the rules and listing standards of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC. In making this determination, the Board considered the transactions and relationships disclosed above.

Item 14: Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Incorporated hereinWojeski & Company CPAs, P.C. ("Wojeski") served as the Company's independent registered public accounting firm during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. The following sets forth fees billed by referenceWojeski for the audit of our annual financial statements and other services rendered during each of those years⁽¹⁾:

(1)   The aggregate amounts included in Audit Fees and Tax Fees are classified by the related fiscal periods for the audit of our annual financial statements and review of financial statements and statutory and regulatory filings or engagements. The aggregate fees included in each of the other categories are fees billed or to be billed during those fiscal periods.

Audit Fees

Audit fees for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, were for professional services rendered for the audits of our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report Disclosure Statements as prescribed by the OTC Markets quotation system OTC Pink Current Information tier  (2019) and for our Annual Report on Form 10-K (2020) and review of interim financial information posted to the OTC Markets web site during those years.

Audit-Related Fees

Audit-related fees during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were for the annual audit of our pension plan in each of those years.

Tax Fees

Tax fees during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were for services related to tax compliance, including the preparation of tax returns and claims for refunds, and tax planning and tax advice, including advice related to proposed transactions.

The Audit Committee has considered whether the provision of the non-audit services above is compatible with maintaining the information appearingauditors' independence, and has concluded that it is.

Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

The Audit Committee has adopted the following policies and procedures under which frequently-utilized audit and non-audit services are pre-approved by the Audit Committee and the authority to authorize the independent registered public accountants to perform such services is delegated to a single committee member or executive officer.

a)    Annual audit, quarterly review, and annual tax return services will be pre-approved upon review and acceptance of the tax and audit engagement letters submitted by the independent registered public accountants to the Audit Committee.

b)    Additional audit and non-audit services related to the resolution of accounting issues or the adoption of new accounting standards, audits by tax authorities, or reviews of public filings by the SEC must be pre-approved by the Audit Committee and the authority to authorize the independent registered public accounting firm to perform such services is delegated to the Chairman of the Audit Committee for fees up to $5,000, and for fees above $5,000 entire Committee approval is required.

c)    Additional audit and non-audit services related to tax savings strategies, tax issues arising during the preparation of tax returns, tax estimates, and tax code interpretations must be pre-approved by the Audit Committee and the authority to authorize the independent registered public accounting firm to perform such services is delegated to the Chairman of the Audit Committee for fees up to $5,000, and for fees above $5,000 entire Committee approval is required.

d)    Additional audit and non-audit services related to the tax and accounting treatments of proposed business transactions must be pre-approved by the Audit Committee and the authority to authorize the independent registered public accountants to perform such services is delegated to the Chairman of the Audit Committee for fees up to $5,000, and for fees above $5,000 entire Committee approval is required.

e)    Quarterly and annually, a detailed analysis of audit and non-audit services will be provided to and reviewed with the Audit Committee.

All of the 2020 services described under the caption “Independent Accountants” in our definitive Proxy Statement forcaptions "Audit Fees," "Audit-Related Fees," and "Tax Fees" were approved by the 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC on or before April 26, 2013.

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PART IV

Audit Committee.

Item 15: Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

15(a) (1)Financial Statements: The financial statements filed herewith are set forth on the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page F-1 of the separate financial section which accompanies this Report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

15(a) (2) Financial Statement Schedules: Financial statement schedules not listed have been omitted because they are either not required, not applicable, or the information has been included elsewhere in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

15(a) (3)

15(a) (3) Exhibits: The exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index below are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

# Certain portions of this exhibit have been omitted based upon a request for confidential treatment. The omitted portions have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to our application for confidential treatment. The items are identified in the exhibit with "**".

* Previously filed

+              Represents management contract or compensation plan or arrangement.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

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