UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 20192020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

With the exception of historical information, certain statements contained or incorporated by reference herein may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), such as those pertaining to our acquisition or disposition of properties, our capital resources, future expenditures for development projects, and our results of operations and financial condition. Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties and you should not rely on them as predictions of actual events. There is no assurance the events or circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will occur. You can identify forward-looking statements by use of words such as “will be,” “intend,” “continue,” “believe,” “may,” “expect,” “hope,” “anticipate,” “goal,” “forecast,” “pipeline,” “estimates,” “offers,” “plans,” “would,” or other similar expressions or other comparable terms or discussions of strategy, plans or intentions in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition, references to our budgeted amounts and guidance are forward-looking statements.

Factors that could materially and adversely affect us include, but are not limited to, the factors listed below:

Our forward-looking statements represent our intentions, plans, expectations and beliefs and are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties. Many of the factors that will determine these items are beyond our ability to control or predict. For further discussion of these factors see Item 1A - "Risk Factors" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

For these statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or the date of any document incorporated by reference herein. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. Except as required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to our forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

EPR Properties (“we,” “us,” “our,” “EPR” or the “Company”) was formed on August 22, 1997 as a Maryland real estate investment trust (“REIT”), and an initial public offering of our common shares of beneficial interest (“common shares”) was completed on November 18, 1997. Since that time, the Company has grown intowe have been a leading specialty REIT with an investment portfolio that includes primarily entertainment, recreation and education properties. TheExperiential net lease REIT. We focus our underwriting of ourExperiential property investments is centered on key industry and property cash flow criteria, as well as the credit metrics of our tenants and customers. As further explained under “Growth Strategies” below,

In 2019, we began the implementation of a strategy focused on our investments are also guided byfuture growth in experiential properties, a real estate sector in which we have been investing since our inception in 1997. We believe Experiential is a highly enduring sector of the real estate industry and that our focus on inflection opportunities that areproperties in this sector, industry relationships and the knowledge of our management, provide us with a competitive advantage in providing capital to operators of these types of properties. We believe this focused niche approach aligns with the trends in consumer demand and offers the potential for higher growth and better yields.

In pursuit of this strategy, we sold our remaining charter school portfolio in the fourth quarter of 2019 (see Item 7 - “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Recent Developments” for further discussion of this sale). The sale of the charter school portfolio is expected to reduce future volatility in our earnings associated with or support enduring uses, excellent executions, attractive economicsprepayment and termination fees, as competitive financing alternatives, particularly in the tax-exempt bond market, caused an advantageous market position.increasing number of tenants to exercise their purchase options. Our remaining Education portfolio, consisting of early childhood education centers and private schools, continues as a legacy investment and provides additional geographic and operating diversity.

We are a self-administered REIT. As of December 31, 2018,2019, our total assets were approximately $6.1$6.6 billion (after accumulated depreciation of approximately $0.9$1.0 billion). Our investments are generally structured as long-term triple-net leases that require the tenants to pay substantially all expenses associated with the operation and maintenance of the property, or as long-term mortgages with economics similar to our triple-net lease structure.

Our total investments (a non-GAAP financial measure) were approximately $6.9$6.7 billion at December 31, 2018.2019. See "Non-GAAPItem 7 - "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for the calculation of total investments and reconciliation of total investments to "Total assets" in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 20182019 and 2017.2018. We currently group our investments into fourtwo reportable operating segments: Entertainment, Recreation, EducationExperiential and Other. Our total investments atEducation. As of December 31, 2018 consisted of interests in the following:

We believe our management’s knowledge and industry relationships have facilitated favorable opportunities for us to acquire, finance and lease properties. Historically, our primary challenges have been locating suitable properties, negotiating favorable lease or financing terms, and managing our real estate portfolio as we have continued to grow.

We are particularly focused on property categories which allow us to use our experience to mitigate some of the risks inherent in a changing economic environment. We cannot provide any assurance that any such potential investment or acquisition opportunities will arise in the near future, or that we will actively pursue any such opportunities.

Although we are primarily a long-term investor, we may also sell assets if we believe that it is in the best interest of our shareholders or pursuant to contractual rights of our tenants or our customers.

As of December 31, 2019, our owned Experiential real estate portfolio of approximately 19.2 million square feet was 99.1% leased and included seven additional megaplex theatres) located in three states, and Canada;

A significant portion of our entertainment assets consistExperiential portfolio consists of modern megaplex theatres. The modern megaplex theatre provides a significantlygreatly enhanced audio and visual experience for the patrons versus other formats. A significant trend currently existscontinues among national and local exhibitors to further enhance the customer experience. These enhancements include reserved, luxury seating and expanded food and beverage offerings, including the addition of alcohol and more efficient point of sale systems. The evolution of the theatre industry over the last 20 years from the sloped floor theatre to the megaplex stadium theatre to the expanded amenity theatre has demonstrated that exhibitors and their landlords are willing to make investments in their theatres to take the customer experience to the next level.

As exhibitors improve the customer experience with more spacious and comfortable seating options, they are required to make physical changes to the existing seating configurations that typically result in a significant loss of existing seats. It was once a concern that such seat loss would be a negative tonegatively impact theatres that thrive on opening weekend business of new movie releases; however, customersmovies. However, theatres moving to expanded amenities have responded favorablyexperienced improved operating results due to these changes. Exhibitors are learning that enhanced amenities are changing the patrons’ movie-going habits resulting in significantly increased seat utilization and increased food and beverage revenue.

As exhibitors pursue the renovation of theatres with enhanced amenities, we are working with our tenants, generally toward the end of their primary lease terms, to extend the terms of their leases beyond the initial option periods, finance improvements where applicable and to recapture land where seat count reductions alleviate parking requirements. In conjunction with these changes, we may also make changes to the rental rates to better reflect the existing market demands and additional capital invested. In addition to positioning expiring theatre assets for continued success, the renovation of these assets creates an opportunity to diversify the Company's tenant base into other entertainment or retail uses adjacent to a movie theatre.

The theatre box office had a record year in 2018 with revenues of approximately $11.9 billion per Box Office Mojo, an increase of over 7% versus the prior year and an increase of over 4% versus the previous record year set in 2016. We expect the development of new megaplex theatres and the conversion or partial conversion of existing theatres to enhanced amenity formats to continue in the United States and abroad over the long-term. As a result of the significant

We also continue to seek opportunities for the acquisition, financing or development of additionalentertainment districts. Entertainment districts are restaurant, retail and other entertainment venues around our existing portfolio.typically anchored by a megaplex theatre. The opportunity to capitalize on the traffic generation of our existing market-dominant theatres to create entertainment retail centers (“ERCs”)districts not only strengthens the execution of the megaplex theatre but adds diversity to our tenant and asset base. We have and will continue to evaluate our existing portfolio for additional development of entertainment, retail and retailrestaurant density, and we will also continue to evaluate the purchase or financing of existing ERCsentertainment districts that have demonstrated strong financial performance and meet our quality standards. The leasing and property management requirements of our ERCsentertainment districts are generally met through the use of third-party professional service providers.

Our family entertainment center operators offer a variety of entertainment options including bowling, bocce ball and karting.

Our attraction operators continue to deliver innovative and compelling attractions along with high standards of service, making our attractions a day of fun that is accessible for families, teens, locals and tourists. These attractions offer experiences designed to appeal to all ages while remaining accessible in both cost and proximity. As of December 31, 2018, our Recreation segment consisted of investmentsthe attractions industry continues to evolve, innovative technologies and concepts are redefining the attractions experience. Our attraction properties are leased to, or we have mortgage notes receivable from, six different operators. We expect to continue to pursue opportunities in ski properties, attractions, golf entertainment complexes and other recreation properties totaling approximately $2.3 billion with interests in:this area.

Our ski properties provideportfolio provides a sustainable advantage for the experience consciousoriented consumer, providing outdoor entertainment in the winter and, in some cases, year-round. All of the ski properties that serve as collateral for our mortgage notes in this area, as well as our five owned properties, offer snowmaking capabilities and provide a variety of terrains and vertical drop options. We believe that the primary appeal of our ski properties lies in the convenient and reliable experience consumers can expect. Given that all of our ski properties are located near major metropolitan areas, they offer skiing, snowboarding and other activities without the expense, travel, or lengthy preparations of remote ski resorts. Furthermore, advanced snowmaking capabilities increase the reliability of the experience during the winter versus other ski properties that do not have such capabilities. Our ski properties are leased to, or we have mortgage notes receivable from, five different operators. We expect to continue to pursue opportunities in this area.

Our golf entertainment complexes combine golfExperiential lodging meets the needs of consumers by providing a convenient, central location that combines high-quality lodging amenities with entertainment, competitionrecreation and food and beverage service, and are leased to, or under mortgage with, Topgolf. By combining an interactive entertainment and food and beverage experience with a long-lived recreational activity, we believe Topgolf provides an innovative, enjoyable and repeatable customer experience. We expect to continue to pursue opportunities related to golf entertainment complexes.

In recent years, consumers have begun to spend more traditional REIT lodging structures.time and money on their well-being. The diverse offerings of boutique and larger fitness centers have caught the interest of many consumers, driving an expansion of both fitness and more broadly, the wellness industry. By allowing fitness club members to focus on their individual interests and goals in a community setting, operators gain loyalty and retention which are essential elements in the ongoing success of a facility. Commercial fitness centers have stayed at the forefront of the industry by offering personalization within congregate settings. Our tenants make it their goal to motivate, educate, and to help consumers look and feel better.

We will continue to seek opportunities for the acquisition, financing or development of or acquisition of, other recreation relatedexperiential properties that leverage our expertise in this area.

Education

Early childhood education centers continue to see increased demand due to the proliferation of dual income families and the increasing emphasis on early childhood education, beyond traditional daycare. There is increased demand fordaycare, that offers curriculum-based, child-centered learning. We believe this property type is a logical extension of our education platform and allows us to increase our diversity and geographical reach with these assets. We have 1113 different operators for our owned early childhood education centers.

We believe K-12 private schools have significant growth potential when they have differentiated, high quality offerings. Many private schools in large urban and suburban areas are at capacity and have large waiting lists making admission more difficult. The demand for nonsectarian private education has increased in recent years as parents and students become more focused on the comprehensive impact of a strong school environment.

WeAs discussed above, our growth going forward will continuebe focused on Experiential properties and therefore we do not expect to seek additional opportunities for the development of, or acquisition of, other education related properties that leverage our expertise in this area.Education properties.

Our vision is to becomecontinue to build the leading specialty REIT by focusing our unique knowledge and resourcespremier experiential REIT. We focus on select real estate segmentsvenues which providecreate value by facilitating out of home leisure and recreation experiences where consumers choose to spend their discretionary time and money. These are properties which make up the potential for outsized returns.social infrastructure of society.

Our long-term primary business objective is to enhance shareholder value by achieving predictable and increasing FFOFunds From Operations As Adjusted ("FFOAA") and dividends per share (See Item 7 – “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Non-GAAP Financial Measures - Funds From Operations”Operations (FFO), Funds From Operations As Adjusted (FFOAA) and Adjusted Funds From Operations (AFFO)” for a discussion of FFO,FFOAA, which is a non-GAAP financial measure). Our prevailinggrowth strategy is to focusfocuses on long-term investments in a limited number of categoriesacquiring or developing experiential properties in which we maintain a depth of knowledge and relationships, and which we believe offer sustained performance throughout all economic cycles. We intend to achieve this objective by continuing to execute the Growth Strategies, Operating Strategies and Capitalization Strategies described below.

Central to ourOur strategic growth is remaining focused on acquiring or developing properties in our primary investment segments: Entertainment, Recreationexperiential real estate venues which create value by facilitating out of home leisure and Education.recreation experiences where consumers choose to spend their discretionary time and money. We may also pursue opportunities to provide mortgage financing for these investment segmentsinvestments in certain situations where this structure is more advantageous than owning the underlying real estate.

Our segment focus on Experiential properties is consistent with our strategic organizational design which is structured around building centersa center of knowledge and strong operating competencies in each of our primary segments.the experiential real estate market. Retention and building of this knowledge depth creates a competitive advantage allowing us to more quickly identify key market trends.

To this end, we will deliberately apply information and our ingenuity to identify properties which represent potential logical extensions within each of our segments,existing experiential property types, or potential future investment segments.additional experiential property types. As part of our strategic planning and portfolio management process we assess new opportunities against the following five key underwriting principles:

We believe that our over 20 years of experience and knowledge in the experiential real estate market gives us the opportunity to be the dominant player in real estate ownership or financing

Lease Risk Minimization

To avoid initial lease-up risks and produce a predictable income stream, we typically acquire or develop single-tenant properties that are leased under long-term leases. We believe our willingness to make long-term investments in properties offers our tenants financial flexibility and allows tenants to allocate capital to their core businesses. Although we will continue to emphasize single-tenant properties, we have acquired or developed, and may continue to acquire or develop, multi-tenant properties we believe add shareholder value.

Lease Structure

We have structured our leasing arrangements to achieve a positive spread between our cost of capital and the rents paid by our tenants. We typically structure leases on a triple-net basis under which the tenants bear the principal portion of the financial and operational responsibility for the properties. During each lease term and any renewal periods, the leases typically provide for periodic increases in rent and/or percentage rent based upon a percentage of the tenant’s gross sales over a pre-determined level. In our multi-tenant property leases and some of our theatre leases, we generally require the tenant to pay a common area maintenance (“CAM”) charge to defray its pro rata share of insurance, taxes and maintenance costs.

Mortgage Structure

We have structured our mortgages to achieve economics similar to our triple-net lease structure with a positive spread between our cost of capital and the interest paid by our tenants. During each mortgage term and any renewal periods, the notes typically provide for periodic increases in interest and/or participating features based upon a percentage of the tenant’s gross sales over a pre-determined level.

Traditional REIT Lodging Structure

We may from time to time useIn certain limited instances, we have utilized traditional REIT lodging structures, where we hold qualified lodging facilities under the REIT and we separately hold the operations of the facilities in TRSs which are facilitated by management agreements

Development and Redevelopment

We intend to continue developing properties and redeveloping existing properties that are consistent with our growth strategies. We generally do not begin development of a single-tenant property without a signed lease providing for rental payments that are commensurate with our level of capital investment. In the case of a multi-tenant development, we generally require a significant amount of the development to be pre-leased prior to construction to minimize lease-up risks. In addition, to minimize overhead costs and to provide the greatest amount of flexibility, we generally outsource construction management to third-party firms.

We believe our build-to-suit development program is a competitive advantage. First, we believe our strong relationships with our tenants and developers drive new investment opportunities that are often exclusive to us, rather than bid broadly, and with our deep knowledge of their businesses, we believe we are a value-added partner in the underwriting of each new investment. Second, we offer financing from start to finish for a build-to-suit project such that there is no need for a tenant to seek separate construction and permanent financing, which we believe makes us a more attractive partner. Third, we are actively developing strong relationships with tenants in our select segmentsthe experiential sector leading to multiple investments without strict investment portfolio allocations. Finally, multiple investments with the same tenant allows us in most cases to include cross-default provisions in our lease or financing contracts, meaning a default in an obligation to us at one location is a default under all obligations with that tenant.

We will also investigate opportunities to redevelop certain of our existing properties. We may redevelop properties in conjunction with a lease renewal or new tenant, or we may redevelop properties that have more earnings potential due to the redevelopment. Additionally, certain of our properties have excess land where we will proactivelypro-actively seek opportunities to further develop.

Tenant and Customer Relationships

We intend to continue developing and maintaining long-term working relationships with entertainment, recreation, education and other specialty businessexperiential operators and developers by providing capital for multiple properties on a regional, national and international basis, thereby creating efficiency and value for both the operators and the Company.

Portfolio Diversification

We will endeavor to further diversify our asset base by property type, geographic location and tenant or customer. In pursuing this diversification strategy, we will target entertainment, recreation, education and other specialtyexperiential business operators that we view as leaders in their market segmentsproperty types and have the ability to compete effectively and perform under their agreements with the Company.

Dispositions

We will consider discretionary property dispositions for reasons such as creating price awareness of a certain property type, opportunistically taking advantage of an above-market offer or reducing exposure related to a certain tenant, property type or geographic area.

Debt and Equity Financing

Our ratio of net debt to adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure (see "Non-GAAPItem 7 – “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition - Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for definitions and reconciliations), is our primary measure to evaluate our capital structure and the magnitude of our debt against our operating performance. Additionally, we utilize our ratio of net debt to gross assets as a secondary measure to evaluate our capital structure. We expect to maintain our net debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio between 4.6x to 5.6x. See Item 7 – “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources” for a further discussion of this ratio.

We rely primarily on an unsecured debt structure. In the future, while we may obtain secured debt from time to time or assume secured debt financing obligations in acquisitions, we intend to issue primarily unsecured debt securities to

Our sources of equity financing consist of the issuance of common shares as well as the issuance of preferred shares (including convertible preferred shares). In addition to larger underwritten registered public offerings of both common and preferred shares, we have also offered shares pursuant to registered public offerings through the direct share purchase component of our Dividend Reinvestment and Direct Share Purchase Plan (“DSP Plan”). While such offerings are generally smaller than a typical underwritten public offering, issuing common shares under the direct share purchase component of our DSP Plan allows us to access capital on a more frequent basis in a cost-effective manner. We expect to opportunistically access the equity markets in the future and, depending primarily on the size and timing of our equity capital needs, may continue to issue shares under the direct share purchase component of our DSP Plan. Furthermore, we may issue shares in connection with acquisitions in the future.

 

Joint Ventures

We will examine and may pursue potential additional joint venture opportunities with institutional investors or developers if the investments to which they relate meet our guiding principles discussed above. We may employ higher leverage in joint ventures.ventures and be more inclined to use secured financing at the property level.

Payment of Regular Dividends

We pay dividend distributions to our common shareholders on a monthly basis (as opposed to a quarterly basis). We expect to continue to pay dividend distributions to our preferred shareholders on a quarterly basis. Our Series C cumulative convertible preferred shares (“Series C preferred shares”) have a dividend rate of 5.75%, our Series E cumulative convertible preferred shares (“Series E preferred shares”) have a dividend rate of 9.00% and our Series G cumulative redeemable preferred shares ("Series G preferred shares") have a dividend rate of 5.75%. Among the factors the Company’s board of trustees (“Board of Trustees”) considers in setting the common share dividend rate are the applicable REIT tax rules and regulations that apply to dividends, the Company’s results of operations, including FFO and FFOAA per share, and the Company’s Cash Available for Distribution (defined as net cash flow available for distribution after payment of operating expenses, debt service, preferred dividends and other obligations).

We compete for real estate financing opportunities with other companies that invest in real estate, as well as traditional financial sources such as banks and insurance companies. REITs have financed, and may continue to seek to finance, entertainment, recreation, educationexperiential and other specialty properties as new properties are developed or become available for acquisition.

The Company’s principal executive offices are located at 909 Walnut Street, Suite 200, Kansas City, Missouri 64106; telephone (816) 472-1700.

Our internet website address is www.eprkc.com. We make available, free of charge, through our website copies of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission” or “SEC”). You may also view our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, Company Governance Guidelines, Independence Standards for Trustees and the charters of our Audit, Nominating/Company Governance, Finance and Compensation and Human Capital Committees on our website. Copies of these documents are also available in print to any person who requests them. We do not intend for information contained in our website to be part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Global economic uncertainty and disruptions in the financial markets may impair our ability to refinance existing obligations or obtain new financing for acquisition or development of properties.

There continues to be global economic uncertainty. Increased uncertainty in the wake of the "Brexit" referendum in the United Kingdom in June 2016, in which the majority of voters voted in favor of an exit from the European Union, the formal notice by the United Kingdom in March 2017 of its exit from the European Union and the pending negotiations of such exit, as well as politicalPolitical changes in the U.S. and abroad, such as the pending negotiations surrounding the United Kingdom's recent withdrawal of its membership from the European Union, have contributed to volatility in the global financial markets. Although the U.S. economy has continued to improve, there can be no assurances that the U.S. economy will continue to improve or that a future recession will not occur. We rely in part on debt financing to finance our investments and development. To the extent that turmoil in the financial markets returns or intensifies, it has the potential to adversely affect our ability to refinance our existing obligations as they mature or obtain new financing for acquisition or development of properties and adversely affect the value of our investments. If we are unable to refinance existing indebtedness on attractive terms at its maturity, we may be forced to dispose of some of our assets. Uncertain economic conditions and disruptions in the financial markets could also result in a substantial decrease in the value of our investments, which could also make it more difficult to refinance existing obligations or obtain new financing. In addition, these factors may make it more difficult for us to sell properties or may adversely affect the price we receive for properties that we do sell, as prospective buyers may experience increased costs of capital or difficulties in obtaining capital. These events in the credit markets may have an adverse effect on other financial markets in the U.S., which may make it more difficult or costly for us to raise capital through the issuance of our common shares or preferred shares. These disruptions in the financial markets may have other adverse effects on us, our tenants or the economy in general.

Most of our customers, consisting primarily of tenants and borrowers, operate properties in market segments that depend upon discretionary spending by consumers. Any reduction in discretionary spending by consumers within the market segments in which our customers or potential customers operate could adversely affect such customers' operations and, in turn, reduce the demand for our properties or financing solutions.

Most of our portfolio is leased to or financed with customers operating service or retail businesses on our property locations. Movie theatres, entertainment retail centers, recreationMany of these customers operate services or businesses that are dependent upon consumer experiences. Theatre, eat & play, attraction, ski, experiential lodging, gaming, private school and entertainment venues, early childhood education centers, private K-12 schools, skicenter properties, and attractions represent some of the largest market investments in our portfolio; and AMC, Topgolf, Regal Cinemas, Inc. and Cinemark USA, Inc. represented our largest customers for the year ended December 31, 2018.2019. The success of most of these businesses depends on the willingness or ability of consumers to use their discretionary income to purchase our customers' products or services. In addition, the lodging industry isand gaming industries are also highly sensitive to consumer discretionary spending. A downturn in the economy, or a trend to not want to go "out of home" for entertainment, recreation or education, could cause consumers in each of our property types to reduce their discretionary spending within the market segments in which our customers or potential customers operate, which could adversely affect such customers' operations and, in turn, reduce the demand for our properties or financing solutions.

Adverse changes in our credit ratings could impair our ability to obtain additional debt and equity financing on favorable terms, if at all, and negatively impact the market price of our securities, including our common shares.

The credit ratings of our senior unsecured debt and preferred equity securities are based on our operating performance,

An increase in interest rates could increase interest cost on new debt and could materially adversely impact our ability to refinance existing debt, sell assets and limit our acquisition and development activities.

TheAlthough the U.S. Federal Reserve increaseddecreased its benchmark interest rate multiple times in 2018 and has continued signaling2019, there can be no assurances that rates could continue to rise.the rate will not increase in the future. If interest rates continue to increase, so could our interest costs for any new debt. This increased cost could make the financing of any acquisition and development activity more costly. Rising interest rates could limit our ability to refinance existing debt when it matures or cause us to pay higher interest rates upon refinancing and increase interest expense on refinanced indebtedness. In addition, an increase in interest rates could decrease the amount third parties are willing to pay for our assets, thereby limiting our ability to reposition our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions.

We depend on leasing space to tenants on economically favorable terms and collecting rent from our tenants, who may not be able to pay.

At any time, a tenant may experience a downturn in its business that may weaken its financial condition. Similarly, a general decline in the economy may result in a decline in demand for space at our commercial properties. Our financial results depend significantly on leasing space at our properties to tenants on economically favorable terms. In addition, because a majority of our income comes from leasing real property, our income, funds available to pay indebtedness and funds available for distribution to our shareholders will decrease if a significant number of our tenants cannot pay their rent or if we are not able to maintain our levels of occupancy on favorable terms. If our tenants cannot pay their rent or we are not able to maintain our levels of occupancy on favorable terms, there is also a risk that the fair value of the underlying property will be considered less than its carrying value and we may have to take a charge against earnings. In addition, if a tenant does not pay its rent, we might not be able to enforce our rights as landlord without significant delays and substantial legal costs.

If a tenant becomes bankrupt or insolvent, that could diminish or eliminate the income we expect from that tenant's leases. If a tenant becomes insolvent or bankrupt, we cannot be sure that we could recover the premises from the tenant promptly or from a trustee or debtor-in-possession in a bankruptcy proceeding relating to the tenant. On the other hand, a bankruptcy court might authorize the tenant to terminate its leases with us. If that happens, our claim against the bankrupt tenant for unpaid future rent would be subject to statutory limitations that might be substantially less than the remaining rent owed under the leases. In addition, any claim we have for unpaid past rent would likely not be paid in full and we would also have to take a charge against earnings for any accrued straight-line rent receivable related to the leases.

We are exposed to the credit risk of our customers and counterparties and their failure to meet their financial obligations could adversely affect our business.

Our business is subject to credit risk. There is a risk that a customer or counterparty will fail to meet its obligations when due. Customers and counterparties that owe us money may default on their obligations to us due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons. Although we have procedures for reviewing credit exposures to specific customers and counterparties to address present credit concerns, default risk may arise from events or circumstances that are difficult to detect or foresee. Some of our risk management methods depend upon the evaluation of information regarding markets, clients or other matters that are publicly available or otherwise accessible by us. That information may not, in all cases, be accurate, complete, up-to-date or properly evaluated. In addition, concerns about, or a default by, one customer or counterparty could lead to significant liquidity problems, losses or defaults by other customers or counterparties, which in turn could adversely affect us. We may be materially and adversely affected in the event of a significant default by our customers and counterparties.

We could be adversely affected by a borrower's bankruptcy or default.

If a borrower becomes bankrupt or insolvent or defaults under its loan, that could force us to declare a default and foreclose on any available collateral. As a result, future interest income recognition related to the applicable note receivable could be significantly reduced or eliminated. There is also a risk that the fair value of the collateral, if any, will be less than the carrying value of the note and accrued interest receivable at the time of a foreclosure and we may have to take a charge against earnings. If a property serves as collateral for a note, we may experience costs and delays in recovering the property in foreclosure or finding a substitute operator for the property. If a mortgage we hold is subordinated to senior financing secured by the property, our recovery would be limited to any amount remaining after

satisfaction of all amounts due to the holder of the senior financing. In addition, to protect our subordinated investment, we may desire to refinance any senior financing. However, there is no assurance that such refinancing would be available or, if it were to be available, that the terms would be attractive.

From time to time, the base terms of some of our leases will expire and there is no assurance that such leases will be renewed at existing lease terms, at otherwise economically favorable terms or at all.

From time to time, the base terms of some of our leases with our tenants will expire. These tenants have and may continue to seek rent or other concessions from us, including requiring us to modify the properties in order to renew their leases. There is no guarantee that we will be able to renew these leases at existing lease terms, at otherwise economically favorable terms or at all. In addition, if we fail to renew these leases, there can be no assurances that we will be able to locate substitute tenants for such properties or enter into leases with these substitute tenants on economically favorable terms.

Operating risks in the entertainmentexperiential real estate industry may affect the ability of our tenants to perform under their leases.

The ability of our tenants to operate successfully in the entertainmentexperiential real estate industry and remain current on their lease obligations depends on a number of factors, including, with respect to theatres, the availability and popularity of motion pictures, the performance of those pictures in tenants' markets, the allocation of popular pictures to tenants, the release window (represents the time that elapses from the date of a picture's theatrical release to the date it is available on other mediums) and the terms on which the pictures are licensed. Neither we nor our tenants control the operations of motion picture distributors. There can be no assurances that motion picture distributors will continue to rely on theatres as the primary means of distributing first-run films, and motion picture distributors may in the future consider alternative film delivery methods.

Real estate is a competitive business.

Our business operates in highly competitive environments. We compete with a large number of real estate property ownersinvestors and developers someincluding traded and non-traded public REITS, private equity investors and institutional investment funds. Some of whichthese investors may be willing to accept lower returns on their investments. investments, or have greater financial resources than we do, a greater ability to borrow funds to acquire properties and the ability to accept more risk than we prudently manage. This competition may increase the demand for the types of properties in which we typically invest and, therefore, reduce the number of suitable acquisition opportunities available to us and increase the prices paid for such acquisition properties. This competition will increase if investments in real estate become more attractive relative to other types of investment. Accordingly, competition for the acquisition of real property could materially and adversely affect us.

Principal factors of competition are rent or interest charged, attractiveness of location, the quality of the property and breadth and quality of services provided. If our competitors offer space at rental rates below the rental rates we are currently charging our tenants, we may lose potential tenants, and we may be pressured to reduce our rental rates below those we currently charge in order to retain tenants when our tenants' leases expire. Our success depends upon, among other factors, trends of the national and local economies, financial condition and operating results of current and prospective tenants and customers, availability and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, taxes,

governmental regulations, legislation and population trends.

AMC, theatres, one of the nation's largest movie exhibition companies, is the lessee ofTopgolf and Regal, represent a substantial numbersignificant portion of our megaplex theatre properties.total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2018,2019, total revenues (including revenue from discontinued operations) of approximately $115.8$123.8 million or 16.5% of our total revenues17.6% were derived from rental payments by AMC. AMC, Entertainment, Inc. (“AMCE”) has guaranteed AMC's performance under substantially all of its leases. approximately $79.0 million or 11.2% were derived from rental payments by TopGolf and approximately $75.8 million or 10.8% were derived from rental payments by Regal.

We have diversified and expect to continue to diversify our real estate

A significant portion of our investments include investments in build-to-suit projects. When construction is completed, for these projects tenants may require some period of time to achieve targeted operating results, andresults. For properties leased or financed, we may provide themour tenants or borrowers with lease or financing terms that are more favorable to the tenantthem during this timeframe. Tenants and borrowers that fail to achieve targeted operating results within expected timeframes may be unable to pay their rentobligations pursuant to the agreed upon lease or financing terms or at all. If we are required to restructure lease or financing terms or take other action with respect to the applicable property, our financial results may be impacted by lower lease revenues, recording an impairment or provision for loan loss, writing off rental or interest amounts or otherwise.

We have entered into management agreements to operate certain of our recreation anchoredexperiential lodging properties and we could be adversely affected if such managers do not manage our recreation anchored lodgingthese properties successfully.

To maintain our status as a REIT, we are generally not permitted to directly operate our recreation anchoredexperiential lodging properties. As a result, we have entered into management agreements with third-party managers to operate certain of our recreation anchoredexperiential lodging properties. For this reason, our ability to direct and control how our recreation anchoredexperiential lodging properties are operated is less than if we were able to manage these properties directly. Under the terms of our management agreements, our ability to participate in operating decisions relating to our recreation anchoredexperiential lodging properties is limited to certain matters, and we do not have the authority to require any such property to be operated in any particular manner. We do not supervise any of these managers or their personnel on a day-to-day basis. We cannot provide any assurances that the managers will manage our recreation anchoredexperiential lodging properties in a manner that is consistent with their respective obligations under the applicable management agreement or our obligations under any franchise agreements. We could be materially and adversely affected if any of our managers fail to effectively manage revenues and expenses, provide quality services and amenities, or otherwise fail to manage our recreation anchoredexperiential lodging properties in our best interests, and we may be financially responsible for the actions and inactions of the managers. In certain situations, we may terminate the management agreement. However, we can provide no assurances that we could identify a replacement manager, that thea franchisor will consent to the replacement manager, or that the replacement manager will manage our recreation anchoredexperiential lodging property successfully. A failure by our third-party managers to successfully manage our recreation anchoredexperiential lodging properties could lead to an increase in our operating expenses or decrease in our revenue, or both.

Our indebtedness may affect our ability to operate our business and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We have a significant amount of indebtedness. As of December 31, 2018,2019, we had total debt outstanding of approximately $3.0$3.1 billion. Our indebtedness could have important consequences, such as:

In addition to our debt service obligations, our operations require substantial investments on a continuing basis. Our ability to make scheduled debt payments, to refinance our obligations with respect to our indebtedness and to fund capital and non-capital expenditures necessary to meet our remaining commitments on existing projects and maintain the condition of our assets, as well as to provide capacity for the growth of our business, depends on our financial and operating performance, which, in turn, is subject to prevailing economic conditions and financial, business, competitive, legal and other factors.

Subject to the restrictions in our unsecured revolving credit facility, our unsecured term loan facility and the debt instruments governing our existing senior notes, we may incur significant additional indebtedness, including additional secured indebtedness. Although the terms of our unsecured revolving credit facility, our unsecured term loan facility and the debt instruments governing our existing senior notes contain restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions, and additional indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be significant. If new debt is added to our current debt levels, the risks described above could increase.

There are risks inherent in having indebtedness and using such indebtedness to fund acquisitions.

We currently use debt to fund portions of our operations and acquisitions. In a rising interest rate environment, the cost of our existing variable rate debt and any new debt will increase. We have used leverage to acquire properties and expect to continue to do so in the future. Although the use of leverage is common in the real estate industry, our use of debt exposes us to some risks. If a significant number of our tenants fail to make their lease payments and we do not have sufficient cash to pay principal and interest on the debt, we could default on our debt obligations. A small amount of our debt financing is secured by mortgages on our properties and we may enter into additional secured mortgage financing in the future. If we fail to meet our mortgage payments, the lenders could declare a default and foreclose on those properties.

Most of our debt instruments contain balloon payments which may adversely impact our financial performance and our ability to pay dividends.

Most of our financing arrangements require us to make a lump-sum or "balloon" payment at maturity. There can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance such debt on favorable terms or at all. To the extent we cannot refinance such debt on favorable terms or at all, we may be forced to dispose of properties on disadvantageous terms or pay higher interest rates, either of which would have an adverse impact on our financial performance and ability to pay dividends to our shareholders.

We must obtain new financing in order to grow.

As a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our taxable net income to shareholders in the form of dividends. Other than deciding to make these dividends in our common shares, we are limited in our ability to use internal capital to acquire properties and must continually raise new capital in order to continue to grow and diversify our investment portfolio. Our ability to raise new capital depends in part on factors beyond our control, including conditions in equity and credit markets, conditions in the industries in which our tenants are engaged and the performance of real estate

investment trusts generally. We continually consider and evaluate a variety of potential transactions to raise additional capital, but we cannot assure that attractive alternatives will always be available to us, nor that our share price will increase or remain at a level that will permit us to continue to raise equity capital publicly or privately.

Covenants in our debt instruments could adversely affect our financial condition and our acquisitions and development activities.

Some of our properties are subject to mortgages that contain customary covenants such as those that limit our ability, without the prior consent of the lender, to further mortgage the applicable property or to discontinue insurance coverage. Our unsecured revolving credit facility, term loan facility, senior notes and other loans that we may obtain in the future contain certain cross-default provisions as well as customary restrictions, requirements and other limitations on our ability to incur indebtedness, including covenants involving our maximum total debt to total asset value; maximum permitted investments; minimum tangible net worth; maximum secured debt to total asset value; maximum unsecured debt to eligible unencumbered properties; minimum unsecured interest coverage; and minimum fixed charge coverage. Our ability to borrow under our unsecured revolving credit facility and our term loan facility is also subject to compliance with certain other covenants. We also have senior notes issued in a private placement transaction that are subject to certain covenants. In addition, failure to comply with our covenants could cause a default under the applicable debt instrument, and we may then be required to repay such debt with capital from other sources. Under those circumstances, other sources of capital may not be available to us, or be available only on unattractive terms. Additionally, our ability to satisfy current or prospective lenders' insurance requirements may be adversely affected if lenders generally insist upon greater insurance coverage against acts of terrorism than is available to us in the marketplace or on commercially reasonable terms.

We rely on debt financing, including borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility, term loan facility, issuances of debt securities and debt secured by individual properties, to finance our acquisition and development activities and for working capital. If we are unable to obtain financing from these or other sources, or to refinance existing indebtedness upon maturity, our financial condition and results of operations would likely be adversely affected.

Our real estate investments are concentrated in entertainment, recreation and educationexperiential real estate properties and a significant portion of those investments are in megaplex theatre properties, making us more vulnerable economically than if our investments were more diversified.

We acquire, develop or finance entertainment, recreation and educationexperiential real estate properties. A significant portion of our investments are in megaplex theatre properties. Although we are subject to the general risks inherent in concentrating investments in real estate, the risks resulting from a lack of diversification become even greater as a result of investing primarily in entertainment, recreation and educationexperiential real estate properties. These risks are further heightened by the fact that a significant portion of our investments are in megaplex theatre properties. Although a downturn in the real estate industry could significantly adversely affect the value of our properties, a downturn in the entertainment, recreation and education industriesexperiential real estate industry could compound this adverse effect. These adverse effects could be more pronounced than if we diversified our investments to a greater degree outside of entertainment, recreation and educationexperiential real estate properties or, more particularly, outside of megaplex theatre properties.

If we fail to qualify as a REIT, we would be taxed as a corporation, which would substantially reduce funds available for payment of dividends to our shareholders.

If we fail to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we will be taxed as a corporation. We are organized to and believe we qualify as a REIT, and intend to operate in a manner that will allow us to continue to qualify as a REIT. However, we cannot provide any assurance that we have always qualified and will remain qualified in the future. This is because qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code"), on which there are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations, and depends on facts and circumstances not entirely within our control. In addition,control, including requirements relating to the sources of our gross income. Rents received or accrued by us from our tenants may not be treated as qualifying income for purposes of these requirements if the leases are not respected as true leases or qualified financing arrangements for U.S. federal income tax purposes and instead are treated as service contracts, joint ventures or some other type of arrangement. If some or all of our leases are not respected as true leases or qualified financing arrangements for U.S. federal income tax purposes and are not otherwise treated as generating qualifying REIT income, we may fail to qualify to be taxed as a REIT. Furthermore, our qualification as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, stockholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing

basis. Our ability to satisfy the asset tests depends upon our analysis of the characterization and fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination, and for which we may not obtain independent appraisals. In addition, future legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions may significantly change the tax laws, the application of the tax laws to our qualification as a REIT or the U.S. federal income tax consequences of that qualification.

If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year (including any prior taxable year for which the statute of limitations remains open), we would face tax consequences that could substantially reduce the funds available for the service of our debt and payment of dividends:

In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will no longer be required to pay dividends. As a result of these factors, our failure to qualify as a REIT could adversely affect the market price for our shares.

Even if we remain qualified for taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce our funds available for payment of dividends to our shareholders.

Even if we remain qualified for taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, we may be subject to federal, state and local taxes on our income and assets, including taxes on any undistributed income, excise taxes, state or local income, property and transfer taxes, and other taxes. Also, some jurisdictions may in the future limit or eliminate favorable income tax deductions, including the dividends paid deduction, which could increase our income tax expense. In addition, in order to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, prevent the recognition of particular types of non-cash income, or avert the imposition of a 100% tax that applies to specified gains derived by a REIT from dealer property or inventory, we may hold or dispose of some of our assets and conduct some of our operations through our TRSs or other subsidiary corporations that will be subject to corporate level income tax at regular rates. In addition, while we intend that our transactions with our TRSs will be conducted on arm's length bases, we may be subject to a 100% excise tax on a transaction that the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") or a court determines was not conducted at arm's length. Any of these taxes would decrease cash available for distribution to our shareholders.

If arrangements involving our TRSs fail to comply as intended with the REIT qualification and taxation rules, we may fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code or be subject to significant penalty taxes.

We lease some of our recreation anchoredexperiential lodging properties to our TRSs pursuant to arrangements that, under the Internal Revenue Code, are intended to qualify the rents we receive from our TRSs as income that satisfies the REIT gross income tests. We also intend that our transactions with our TRSs be conducted on arm's length bases so that we and our TRSs will not be subject to penalty taxes under the Internal Revenue Code applicable to mispriced transactions. While relief provisions can sometimes excuse REIT gross income test failures, significant penalty taxes may still be imposed.

For our TRS arrangements to comply as intended with the REIT qualification and taxation rules under the Internal Revenue Code, a number of requirements must be satisfied, including:

We cannot be sure that the IRS or a court will agree with our assessment that our TRS arrangements comply as intended with REIT qualification and taxation rules. If arrangements involving our TRSs fail to comply as we intended, we may fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code or be subject to significant penalty taxes.

We will depend on distributions from our direct and indirect subsidiaries to service our debt and pay dividends to our shareholders. The creditors of these subsidiaries, and our direct creditors, are entitled to amounts payable to them before we pay any dividends to our shareholders.

Substantially all of our assets are held through our subsidiaries. We depend on these subsidiaries for substantially all of our cash flow. The creditors of each of our direct and indirect subsidiaries are entitled to payment of that subsidiary's obligations to them, when due and payable, before distributions may be made by that subsidiary to us. In addition, our creditors, whether secured or unsecured, are entitled to amounts payable to them before we may pay any dividends to our shareholders. Thus, our ability to service our debt obligations and pay dividends to holders of our common and preferred shares depends on our subsidiaries' ability first to satisfy their obligations to their creditors and then to pay distributions to us and our ability to satisfy our obligations to our direct creditors. Our subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and have no obligations, other than limited guaranties of certain of our debt, to make funds available to us.

Our development financing arrangements expose us to funding and completion risks.

Our ability to meet our construction financing obligations which we have undertaken or may enter into in the future depends on our ability to obtain equity or debt financing in the required amounts. There is no assurance we can obtain this financing or that the financing rates available will ensure a spread between our cost of capital and the rent or interest payable to us under the related leases or mortgage notes receivable. As a result, we could fail to meet our construction financing obligations or decide to cease such funding which, in turn, could result in failed projects and penalties, each of which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and business.

We have a limited number of employees and loss of personnel could harm our operations and adversely affect the value of our shares.

We had 6462 full-time employees as of December 31, 20182019 and, therefore, the impact we may feel from the loss of an employee may be greater than the impact such a loss would have on a larger organization. We are dependent on the efforts of the following individuals: Gregory K. Silvers, our President and Chief Executive Officer; Mark A. Peterson,

our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; Craig L. Evans, our SeniorExecutive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary; Greg Zimmerman, our Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer; Michael L. Hirons, our Senior Vice President - Strategy & Asset Management; and Tonya L. Mater, our Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer. While we believe that we could find replacements for our personnel, the loss of their services could harm our operations and adversely affect the value of our shares.

We are subject to risks associated with the employment of personnel by managers of our recreation anchoredexperiential lodging properties.

Managers of our recreation anchoredexperiential lodging properties are responsible for hiring and maintaining the labor force asat each of these properties. Although we do not directly employ or manage employees at our recreation anchoredexperiential lodging properties, we are subject to many of the costs and risks associated with such labor force. From time to time, the operations of our recreation anchoredexperiential lodging properties may be disrupted as a result of strikes, lockouts, public demonstrations or other negative actions and publicity. We may also incur increased legal costs and indirect labor costs as a result of contract disputes and other events. The resolution of labor disputes or renegotiated labor contracts could lead to increased labor costs, either by increases in wages or benefits or by changes in work rules.

Security breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer. Our service providers, tenants and managers of our recreation anchored lodging properties and their business partners are exposed to similar risks.

In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including our proprietary business information and that of our tenants, managers of our recreation anchored lodging properties and other customers and personally identifiable information of our employees, in our facility and on our network. Despite our security measures, our

Changes in accounting standards issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") or other standard-setting bodies may adversely affect our business.

Our financial statements are subject to the application of U.S. GAAP, which is periodically revised and/or expanded. From time to time, we are required to adopt new or revised accounting standards issued by recognized authoritative bodies, including the FASB and the SEC. It is possible that accounting standards we are required to adopt may require

changes to the current accounting treatment that we apply to our consolidated financial statements and may require us to make significant changes to our systems. In particular, the amended guidance for lease accounting will require lessees to capitalize substantially all leases on their balance sheet by recognizing a lessee's rights and obligations. Under the new lease accounting rules, many lessees that account for certain leases on an "off balance sheet" basis will be required to account for such leases "on balance sheet." This change will remove many of the differences in the way companies account for owned property and leased property and could have a material effect on various aspects of our tenants' businesses, including the appearance of their credit quality and other factors they consider in deciding whether to own or lease properties. The new lease accounting rules could cause lessees to prefer shorter lease terms in an effort to reduce the leasing liability required to be recorded on their balance sheet or some companies may decide to prefer property ownership to leasing. In addition, we are the lessee on certain land lease arrangements as well as our corporate office lease. We are required to record the rights and obligations associated with these leases and we cannot predict how this increase in our liabilities will impact our ability to obtain additional financing. Changes in accounting standards including the new lease accounting rules, could result in a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Real estate income and the value of real estate investments fluctuate due to various factors.

The value of real estate fluctuates depending on conditions in the general economy and the real estate business. These conditions may also limit our revenues and available cash. The rents, interest and other payments we receive and the occupancy levels at our properties may decline as a result of adverse changes in any of the factors that affect the value of our real estate. If our revenues decline, we generally would expect to have less cash available to pay our indebtedness and distribute to our shareholders. In addition, some of our unreimbursed costs of owning real estate may not decline when the related rents decline.

The factors that affect the value of our real estate include, among other things:

The rents, interest and other payments we receive and the occupancy levels at our properties may decline as a result of adverse changes in any of these factors. If our revenues decline, we generally would expect to have less cash available to pay our indebtedness and distribute to our shareholders. In addition, some of our unreimbursed costs of owning real estate may not decline when the related rents decline.

Although our lease terms in most cases, obligate the tenants to bear substantially all of the costs of operating the properties and our managers to manage such costs, investing in real estate involves a number of risks, including:

If a tenant fails to perform on its lease covenants or a manager fails to perform on its management covenants, that would not excuse us from meeting any debt obligation secured by the property and could require us to fund reserves in favor of our lenders, thereby reducing funds available for payment of dividends. We cannot be assured that tenants or managers will elect to renew their leases or management agreements when the terms expire. If a tenant or manager does not renew its lease or agreement or if a tenant or a manager defaults on its lease or management obligations, there is no assurance we could obtain a substitute tenant or manager on acceptable terms. If we cannot obtain another quality tenant or manager, we may be required to modify the property for a different use, which may involve a significant capital expenditure and a delay in re-leasing the property or obtaining a new manager.

Our leases with tenants and agreements with managers of our recreation anchored lodging properties require the tenants and managers to carry comprehensive liability, casualty, workers' compensation, extended coverage and rental loss insurance on our properties, as applicable. We believe the required coverage is of the type, and amount, customarily obtained by an owner of similar properties. We believe all of our properties are adequately insured. However, we are exposed to risks that the insurance coverage levels required under our leases with tenants and agreements with managers of our recreation anchored lodging properties may be inadequate, and these risks may be increased as we expand our portfolio into experiential properties that may present more risk of loss as compared to properties in our existing portfolio. In addition, there are some types of losses, such as catastrophic acts of nature, acts of war or riots, for which we, our tenants or managers of our recreation anchored lodging properties cannot obtain insurance at an acceptable cost. If there is an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insurance limits, we could lose both the revenues generated by the affected property and the capital we have invested in the property. We would, however, remain obligated to repay

Joint ventures may limit flexibility with jointly owned investments.

We may continue to acquire or develop properties in joint ventures with third parties when those transactions appear desirable. We would not own the entire interest in any property acquired by a joint venture. Major decisions regarding a joint venture property may require the consent of our partner. If we have a dispute with a joint venture partner, we may feel it necessary or become obligated to acquire the partner's interest in the venture. However, we cannot ensure that the price we would have to pay or the timing of the acquisition would be favorable to us. If we own less than a 50% interest in any joint venture, or if the venture is jointly controlled, the assets and financial results of the joint venture may not be reportable by us on a consolidated basis. To the extent we have commitments to, or on behalf of, or are dependent on, any such “off-balance sheet”"off-balance sheet" arrangements, or if those arrangements or their properties or leases are subject to material contingencies, our liquidity, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected by those commitments or off-balance sheet arrangements.

Our multi-tenant properties expose us to additional risks.

Our entertainment retail centers in Colorado, New York, California, and Ontario, Canada, and similar properties we may seek to acquire or develop in the future, involve risks not typically encountered in the purchase and lease-back of real estate properties which are operated by a single tenant. The ownership or development of multi-tenant retail centers could expose us to the risk that a sufficient number of suitable tenants may not be found to enable the centers to operate profitably and provide a return to us. This risk may be compounded by the failure of existing tenants to satisfy their obligations due to various factors, including economic downturns. These risks, in turn, could cause a material adverse impact to our results of operations and business.

Retail centers are also subject to tenant turnover and fluctuations in occupancy rates, which could affect our operating results. Multi-tenant retail centers also expose us to the risk of potential “CAM"CAM slippage,”" which may occur when the

actual cost of taxes, insurance and maintenance at the property exceeds the CAM fees paid by tenants.

Failure to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act and other laws could result in substantial costs.

Most of our properties must comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”("ADA"). The ADA requires that public accommodations reasonably accommodate individuals with disabilities and that new construction or alterations be made to commercial facilities to conform to accessibility guidelines. Failure to comply with the ADA can result in injunctions, fines, damage awards to private parties and additional capital expenditures to remedy noncompliance. Our leases with tenants and agreements with managers of our recreation anchored lodging properties require them to comply with the ADA.

Our properties are also subject to various other federal, state and local regulatory requirements. We do not know whether existing requirements will change or whether compliance with future requirements will involve significant unanticipated expenditures. Although these expenditures would be the responsibility of our tenants in most cases and for our managers to oversee at our recreation anchored lodging properties, if these tenants or managers fail to perform these obligations, we may be required to do so.

Potential liability for environmental contamination could result in substantial costs.

Under federal, state and local environmental laws, we may be required to investigate and clean up any release of hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products at our properties, regardless of our knowledge or actual responsibility, simply because of our current or past ownership of the real estate. If unidentified environmental problems arise, we may have to make substantial payments, which could adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to service our debt and pay dividends to our shareholders. This is because:

These costs could be substantial and in extreme cases could exceed the value of the contaminated property. The presence of hazardous substances or petroleum products or the failure to properly remediate contamination may adversely affect our ability to borrow against, sell or lease an affected property. In addition, some environmental laws create liens on contaminated sites in favor of the government for damages and costs it incurs in connection with a contamination. Most of our loan agreements require the Company or a subsidiary to indemnify the lender against environmental liabilities. Our leases with tenants and agreements with managers of our recreation anchored lodging properties require them to operate the properties in compliance with environmental laws and to indemnify us against environmental liability arising from the operation of the properties. We believe all of our properties are in material compliance with environmental laws. However, we could be subject to strict liability under environmental laws because we own the properties. There is also a risk that tenants may not satisfy their environmental compliance and indemnification obligations under the leases or other agreements. Any of these events could substantially increase our cost of operations, require us to fund environmental indemnities in favor of our lenders, limit the amount we could borrow under our unsecured revolving credit facility and term loan facility and reduce our ability to service our debt and pay dividends to shareholders.

Real estate investments are relatively illiquid.

We have previously disclosed our intent to undertake certain asset dispositions. In addition, we may desire to sell other properties in the future because of changes in market conditions, poor tenant performance or default of any mortgage we hold, or to avail ourselves of other opportunities. We may also be required to sell a property in the future to meet debt obligations or avoid a default. Specialty real estate projects such as we have cannot always be sold quickly, and we cannot assure you that we could always obtain a favorable price. In addition, the Internal Revenue Code limits our ability to sell our properties. We may be required to invest in the restoration or modification of a property before we can sell it. The inability to respond promptly to changes in the performance of our property portfolio could adversely affect our financial condition and ability to service our debt and pay dividends to our shareholders.

There are risks in owning assets outside the United States.

Our properties in Canada are subject to the risks normally associated with international operations. The rentals under our Canadian leases are payable in Canadian dollars ("CAD"), which could expose us to losses resulting from fluctuations in exchange rates to the extent we have not hedged our position. Canadian real estate and tax laws are complex and subject to change, and we cannot assure you we will always be in compliance with those laws or that compliance will not expose us to additional expense. We may also be subject to fluctuations in Canadian real estate values or markets or the Canadian economy as a whole, which may adversely affect our Canadian investments.

Additionally, we have made investments in projects located in China and may enter other international markets, which may have similar risks as described above as well as unique risks associated with a specific country.

There are risks in owning or financing properties for which the tenant's, mortgagor's, or our operations may be impacted by weather conditions, climate change and climate change.natural disasters.

We have acquired and financed ski properties and expect to do so in the future. The operators of these properties, our tenants or mortgagors, are dependent upon the operations of the properties to pay their rents and service their loans. The ski property operator's ability to attract visitors is influenced by weather conditions and climate change in general, each of which may impact the amount of snowfall during the ski season. Adverse weather conditions may discourage visitors from participating in outdoor activities. In addition, unseasonably warm weather may result in inadequate natural snowfall, which increases the cost of snowmaking, and could render snowmaking wholly or partially ineffective in maintaining quality skiing conditions and attracting visitors. Excessive natural snowfall may materially increase the costs incurred for grooming trails and may also make it difficult for visitors to obtain access to ski properties. We also own and finance attractions (including waterparks) which would also be subject to risks relating to weather conditions such as in the case of waterparks and amusement parks, excessive rainfall or unseasonable temperatures. Prolonged

We face risks associated with the development, redevelopment and expansion of properties and the acquisition of other real estate related companies.

We may develop, redevelop or expand new or existing properties or acquire other real estate related companies, and these activities are subject to various risks. We may not be successful in pursuing such development or acquisition opportunities. In addition, newly developed or redeveloped/expanded properties or newly acquired companies may not perform as well as expected. We are subject to other risks in connection with any such development or acquisition activities, including the following:

In addition, there is no assurance that planned third-party financing related to development and acquisition opportunities will be provided on a timely basis or at all, thus increasing the risk that such opportunities are delayed or fail to be completed as originally contemplated. We may also abandon development or acquisition opportunities that we have begun pursuing and consequently fail to recover expenses already incurred and have devoted management time to a matter not consummated. In some cases, we may agree to lease or other financing terms for a development project in advance of completing and funding the project, in which case we are exposed to the risk of an increase in our cost of capital during the interim period leading up to the funding, which can reduce, eliminate or result in a negative spread between our cost of capital and the payments we expect to receive from the project. Furthermore, our acquisitions of new properties or companies will expose us to the liabilities of those properties or companies, some of which we may not be aware at the time of acquisition. In addition, development of our existing properties presents similar risks. If a

We cannot assure you we will continue paying cash dividends at current rates.

Our dividend policy is determined by our Board of Trustees. Our ability to continue paying dividends on our common shares, to pay dividends on our preferred shares at their stated rates or to increase our common share dividend rate will depend on a number of factors, including our liquidity, our financial condition and results of future operations, the performance of lease and mortgage terms by our tenants and customers, our ability to acquire, finance and lease additional properties at attractive rates, and provisions in our loan covenants. If we do not maintain or increase our common share dividend rate, that could have an adverse effect on the market price of our common shares and possibly our preferred shares. Furthermore, if the Board of Trustees decides to pay dividends on our common shares partially or substantially all in common shares, that could have an adverse effect on the market price of our common shares and possibly our preferred shares.

One of the factors that investors may consider in deciding whether to buy or sell our common shares or preferred shares is our dividend rate as a percentage of our share price, relative to market interest rates. If market interest rates continue

to increase, prospective investors may desire a higher dividend rate on our common shares or seek securities paying higher dividends or interest.

Market prices for our shares may be affected by perceptions about the financial health or share value of our tenants, mortgagors and managers or the performance of REIT stocks generally.

To the extent any of our tenants or customers, or their competition, report losses or slower earnings growth, take charges against earnings or enter bankruptcy proceedings, the market price for our shares could be adversely affected. The market price for our shares could also be affected by any weakness in the performance of REIT stocks generally or weakness in any of the sectors in which our tenants and customers operate.

There are a number of provisions in our Declaration of Trust and Bylaws and under Maryland law and agreements we have with others, any of which could make it more difficult for a party to make a tender offer for our shares or complete a takeover of the Company which is not approved by our Board of Trustees. These include:

Any or all of these provisions could delay or prevent a change in control of the Company, even if the change was in our shareholders' interest or offered a greater return to our shareholders.

Our operating and financial policies, including our policies with respect to acquiring or financing real estate or other companies, growth, operations, indebtedness, capitalization and dividends, are exclusively determined by our Board of Trustees. Accordingly, our shareholders do not control these policies.

Our future growth will depend in part on our ability to raise additional capital. If we raise additional capital through the issuance of equity securities, the interests of holders of our common shares could be diluted. Likewise, our Board of Trustees is authorized to cause us to issue preferred shares in one or more series, the holders of which would be entitled to dividends and voting and other rights as our Board of Trustees determines, and which could be senior to or convertible into our common shares. Accordingly, an issuance by us of preferred shares could be dilutive to or otherwise adversely affect the interests of holders of our common shares. As of December 31, 2018,2019, our Series C preferred shares are convertible, at each of the holder's option, into our common shares at a conversion rate of 0.39540.4049 common shares per $25.00 liquidation preference, which is equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $63.23$61.74 per common share (subject to adjustment in certain events). Additionally, as of December 31, 2018,2019, our Series E preferred shares are convertible, at each of the holder's option, into our common shares at a conversion rate of 0.46860.4759 common shares per $25.00 liquidation preference, which is equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $53.35$52.53 per common share (subject to adjustment in certain events). Under certain circumstances in connection with a change in control of the Company, holders of our Series G preferred shares may elect to convert some or all of their Series G preferred shares into a number of our common shares per Series G preferred share equal to the lesser of (a) the $25.00 per share liquidation preference, plus accrued and unpaid dividends divided by the market value of our common shares or (b) 0.7389 shares. Depending upon the number of Series C, Series E and Series G preferred shares being converted at one time, a conversion of Series C, Series E and Series G preferred shares could be dilutive to or otherwise adversely affect the interests of holders of our common shares. In addition, we may issue a significant amount of equity securities in connection with acquisitions or investments, with or without seeking shareholder approval, which could result in significant dilution to our existing shareholders.

Future offerings of debt or equity securities, which may rank senior to our common shares, may adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

If we decide to issue debt securities in the future, which would rank senior to our common shares, it is likely that they will be governed by an indenture or other instrument containing covenants restricting our operating flexibility. Additionally, any equity securities or convertible or exchangeable securities that we issue in the future may have rights, preferences and privileges more favorable than those of our common shares and may result in dilution to owners of our common shares. We and, indirectly, our shareholders, will bear the cost of issuing and servicing such securities. Because our decision to issue debt or equity securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, holders of our common shares will bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common shares and diluting the value of their shareholdings in us.

Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may have an impact on the value of our shares.

The functional currency for our Canadian operations is the Canadian dollar. As a result, our future operating results could be affected by fluctuations in the exchange rate between U.S. and Canadian dollars, which in turn could affect our share price. We have attempted to mitigate our exposure to Canadian currency exchange risk by entering into foreign currency exchange contracts to hedge in part our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. Foreign currency derivatives are subject to future risk of loss. We do not engage in purchasing foreign exchange contracts for speculative purposes.

Additionally, we have made investments in China and may enter other international markets which pose similar currency fluctuation risks as described above.

We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could reduce the market price of our shares.

At any time, the U.S. federal income tax laws or regulations governing REITs or the administrative interpretations of those laws or regulations may be changed, possibly with retroactive effect. In addition, there have been a number of proposals in Congress with respect to tax laws, including proposals to adopt a flat tax or replace the income tax system with a national sales tax or value-added tax.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was signed into law. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act made many significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to businesses and their owners, including REITs and their shareholders. Pursuant to this legislation, as of January 1, 2018, (1) the federal income tax rate applicable to corporations was reduced to 21%, (2) the highest marginal individual income tax rate was reduced to 37%, and (3) the corporate alternative minimum tax was repealed. In addition, individuals, estates and trusts may deduct up to 20% of certain pass-through income, including ordinary REIT dividends that are not “capital"capital gain dividends”dividends" or “qualified"qualified dividend income,” "

subject to complex limitations. For taxpayers qualifying for the full deduction, the effective maximum tax rate on ordinary REIT dividends would be 29.6% (through taxable years ending in 2025). The maximum rate of withholding with respect to our distributions to non-U.S. shareholders that are treated as attributable to gains from the sale or exchange of U.S. real property interests was also reduced from 35% to 21%. The deduction of net interest expense is limited for all businesses, other than certain electing businesses, including real estate businesses, which limitation could adversely affect our taxable REIT subsidiaries.

We cannot predict if or when any new U.S. federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation, or any amendment to any existing U.S. federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation, will be adopted, promulgated or become effective or whether any such law, regulation or interpretation may take effect retroactively. We and our shareholders could be adversely affected by any such change in, or any new, U.S. federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation. Furthermore, any proposals seeking broader reform of U.S. federal income tax laws, if enacted, could change the federal income tax laws applicable to REITs, subject us to federal tax or reduce or eliminate the current deduction for dividends paid to our shareholders, any of which could negatively affect the market for our shares.

There are no unresolved comments from the staff of the SEC required to be disclosed herein as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

As of December 31, 2018,2019, our real estate portfolio consisted of investments in each of our four operatingExperiential and Education reportable segments. Except as otherwise noted, all of the real estate investments listed below are owned or ground leased directly by us.

The following table sets forth our owned properties (excludes properties under development, land held for development and properties securing our mortgage notes) listed by segment, gross square footage (except for certain ski and attraction properties where such number is not meaningful), percentage leased and total rental revenue for the year ended December 31, 20182019 (dollars in thousands). At certain properties included below, we are the tenant under third-party ground leases and have assumed responsibility for performing the obligations thereunder. However, pursuant to the facility leases, the tenants are responsible for performing substantially all of our obligations under the ground leases.