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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

Commission File No. 001-34728

DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code(414) 354-2310

         Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

         Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:NONE

         Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o    No ý.

         Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o    No ý.

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý    No o.

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý    No o.

         Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o    No ý.

         At June 30, 2011,28, 2013, the aggregate market value of the voting stock of the Registrant held by stockholders who were not affiliates of the Registrant was approximately $291$288 million (based upon the closing price of Registrant's Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange on such date). At March 13, 2012,11, 2014, the Registrant had outstanding an aggregate of 22,130,99622,260,082 shares of its Common Stock.

Documents Incorporated by Reference:

         Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Registrant's Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 2, 2012April 30, 2014, which Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, are incorporated into Parts II and III.

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PART I

Forward Looking Statements

        This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains "forward-looking statements" made within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as "anticipate," "believe," "intend," "estimate," "expect," "continue," "should," "could," "may," "plan," "project," "predict," "will" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-lookingforward- looking statements. In addition, statements covering our future sales or financial performance and our plans, performance and other objectives, expectations or intentions are forward-looking statements, such as statements regarding our liquidity, debt, planned capital expenditures, and adequacy of capital resources and reserves. Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

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Weather conditions, particularly lack of or reduced levels of snowfall and the timing of such snowfall;



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A significant decline in economic conditions;



•

Our inability to maintain good relationships with our distributors;



•

Lack of available or favorable financing options for our end-users or distributors;



•

Increases in the price of steel or other materials necessary for the production of our products that cannot be passed on to our distributors;



•

Increases in the price of fuel;



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The inability of our suppliers to meet our volume or quality requirements;



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Inaccuracies in our estimates of future demand for our products;



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Our inability to protect or continue to build our intellectual property portfolio;



•

The effects of laws and regulations and their interpretations on our business and financial conditions;



•

Our inability to develop new products or improve upon existing products in response to end-user needs;



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Our inability to compete effectively against competition;



•

The effects of laws and regulations and their interpretations on our business and financial conditions;



•

Losses due to lawsuits arising out of personal injuries associated with our products;



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Factors that could impact the future declaration and payment of dividends;



•

Our inability to compete effectively against competition; and



•

Factors that could impact dividend payments;Our inability to achieve the projected financial performance with the assets of TrynEx, Inc. ("TrynEx"), which we acquired in 2013, and unexpected costs or liabilities related to the acquisition of the TrynEx assets.

        We undertake no obligation to revise the forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to reflect any future events or circumstances. Our actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from the results expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. Factors in addition to those listed above that could cause or contribute to such differences are discussed in Item 1A, "Risk Factors" of the Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Item 1.    Business

Overview

        Douglas Dynamics, Inc. (the "Company," "we," "us," "our") is the North American leader in the design, manufacture and sale of snow and ice control equipment for light trucks, which consists of snowplows, sand and salt spreaders, and related parts and accessories. We sell our products under the WESTERN®, FISHER® and BLIZZARD® brands which are among the most established and recognized in the industry. We believe that in 2011 our shareOn May 6, 2013, the Company acquired substantially all of the light truck snowassets of TrynEx. The acquired assets include TrynEx's full line of product offerings, including its SnowEx, TurfEx and ice control equipment market was greater than 50%.SweepEx brands, and access to TrynEx's network of authorized dealers. We operate as a single segment.

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        We offer the broadest and most complete product line of snowplows and sand and salt spreaders for light trucks in the U.S. and Canadian markets. We also provide a full range of related parts and accessories, which generates an ancillary revenue stream throughout the lifecycle of our snow and ice control equipment. For the yearyears ended December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 85%, 88% and 85% of our net sales were generated from sales of snow and ice control equipment, respectively and 15%, 12% and 15% of our net sales were generated from sales of parts and accessories.accessories, respectively.

        We sell our products through a distributor network primarily to professional snowplowers who are contracted to remove snow and ice from commercial, municipal and residential areas. Over the last 50 years, we have engendered exceptional customer loyalty for our products because of our ability to satisfy the stringent demands of our customers for a high degree of quality, reliability and service. As a result, we believe our installed base is the largest in the industry with over 500,000 snowplows and sand and salt spreaders in service. Because sales of snowplows and sand and salt spreaders are primarily driven by the need of our core end-user base to replace worn existing equipment, we believe our substantial installed base provides us with a high degree of predictable sales over any extended period of time.

        We believe we have the industry's most extensive North American distributordistribution network worldwide, which primarily consists of over 7202,100 points of sale. Direct points of shipment are predominantly through North American truck equipment and lawn care equipment distributors. Most of our distributors who purchase directly from us and are located throughout the snow belt regions in North America (primarily the Midwest, East and Northeast regions of the United States as well as all provinces of Canada). We have longstanding relationships with many of our distributors, with an average tenure of approximately 15 years.distributors. We continually seek to grow and optimize our network by opportunistically adding high-quality, well-capitalized distributors in select geographic areas and by cross-selling our industry-leading brands within our distribution network. Beginning in 2005, we began to extend our reach to international markets, establishing distribution relationships in Northern Europe and Asia, where we believe meaningful growth opportunities exist.

        We believe we are the industry's most operationally efficient manufacturer due to our vertical integration, highly variable cost structure and intense focus on lean manufacturing. We continually seek to use lean principles to reduce costs and increase the efficiency of our manufacturing operations. We currently manufacture our products in twothree facilities that we own in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Rockland, Maine and Rockland, Maine.Madison Heights, Michigan. Furthermore, our manufacturing efficiency allows us to deliver desired products quickly to our customers during times of sudden and unpredictable snowfall events when our customers need our products immediately.

        On May 10, 2010, we completed our initial public offering ("IPO"). In connection with our IPO, we listed our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the stock symbol "PLOW." On May 20, 2011 and December 6, 2011, certainTable of our stockholders, including affiliates of Aurora Capital Group and Ares Management, completed registered secondary offerings of 5,750,000 and 1,966,479 shares, respectively, of our common stock. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of common stock by the selling stockholders in the offerings.Contents

Our Industry

        The light truck snow and ice control equipment industry in North America consists predominantly of domestic participants that manufacture their products in North America. The annual demand for snow and ice control equipment is driven primarily by the replacement cycle of the existing installed base, which is predominantly a function of the average life of a snowplow or spreader and is driven by usage and maintenance practices of the end-user. We believe actively-used snowplows are typically replaced, on average, every 79 to 812 years.

        The primary factor influencing the replacement cycle for snow and ice control equipment is the level, timing and location of snowfall. Sales of snow and ice control equipment in any given year and region are most heavily influenced by local snowfall levels in the prior snow season. Heavy snowfall

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during a given winter causes equipment usage to increase, resulting in greater wear and tear and shortened life cycles, thereby creating a need for replacement equipment and additional parts and accessories.

        While snowfall levels vary within a given year and from year-to-year, snowfall, and the corresponding replacement cycle of snow and ice control equipment, is relatively consistent over multi-year periods. The following chart depicts aggregate annual and eight-yearten-year (based on the typical life of our snowplows) rolling average of the aggregate snowfall levels in 66 cities in 26 snow belt states across the Northeast, East, Midwest and Western United States where we monitor snowfall levels from 1980 to 2011.2013. As the chart indicates, since 19821984 aggregate snowfall levels in any given rolling eight-yearten-year period have been fairly consistent, ranging from 2,742 to 3,4193,318 inches.

Snowfall in Snowbelt States (inches)
(for October 1 through March 31)

Note:

The 8-year10-year rolling average snowfall is not presented prior to 19821984 for purposes of the calculation due to lack of snowfall data prior to 1975. Snowfall data in this chart is not adjusted for snowfall outside of the 66 cities in the 26 states reflected.

Source:

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service.

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        The demand for snow and ice control equipment can also be influenced by general economic conditions in the United States, as well as local economic conditions in the snow-belt regions in North America. In stronger economic conditions, our end-users may choose to replace or upgrade existing equipment before its useful life has ended, while in weak economic conditions, our end-users may seek to extend the useful life of equipment, thereby increasing the sales of parts and accessories. However, since snow and ice control management is a non-discretionary service necessary to ensure public safety and continued personal and commercial mobility in populated areas that receive snowfall, end-users cannot extend the useful life of snow and ice control equipment indefinitely and must replace equipment that has become too worn, unsafe or unreliable, regardless of economic conditions. While our parts and accessories yield slightly higher gross margins than our snow and ice control equipment, they yield significantly lower revenue than equipment sales, which adversely affects our results of operations. However, since snow and ice control management is a non-discretionary service necessary to ensure public safety and continued personal and commercial mobility in populated areas that receive snowfall, end-users cannot extend the useful life of snow and ice control equipment indefinitely and

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must replace equipment that has become too worn, unsafe or unreliable, regardless of economic conditions.

        Sales of parts and accessories for 2010 and 2011, respectively,2013 were approximately 21.9% and 51.2%31% higher than average annual parts and accessories sales over the preceding ten years, which management believes is largely a resultyears. The higher than average parts and accessories sales was partially due to acquisition of the deferralTrynEx business. TrynEx parts and accessories sales contributed approximately 9% of new equipment purchases dueincreased parts and accessory sales. The remaining 22% increase can be attributed to the recent economic downturn. Although salestiming of the snowfall for the six-month snow and ice control units increased in 2011season ended March 31, 2013. From October 2012 through January 2013, there was very little snowfall across our key markets, while the snow season as compared to 2010, management believes that absenta whole was slightly above historical average snowfall levels. Consequently, the recent economic downturn, equipment sales in 2010 and 2011 would have been considerably higher due to the high levelsmajority of snowfall during these years, ascame in February and March of 2013. When snowfall occurs late in the snow season, end users will typically choose to repair rather than replace existing equipment unit sales in 2010thus driving up parts and 2011 remained below the ten-year average, while snowfall levels for snow seasons ending March 31, 2010 and 2011 were considerably above the ten-year average. Management believes this deferral of new equipment purchases could result in an elevated multi-year replacement cycle as the economy recovers.accessory sales.

        Long-term growth in the overall snow and ice control equipment market also results from geographic expansion of developed areas in the snow belt regions of North America, as well as consumer demand for technological enhancements in snow and ice control equipment and related parts and accessories that improves efficiency and reliability. Continued construction in the snow belt regions in North America increases the aggregate area requiring snow and ice removal, thereby growing the market for snow and ice control equipment. In addition, the development and sale of more reliable, more efficient and more sophisticated products have contributed to an approximate 2% to 4% average unit price increase in each of the past five years.

Our Competitive Strengths

        We compete solely with other North American manufacturers who do not benefit from our extensive distributor network, manufacturing efficiencies and depth and breadth of products. As the market leader in snow and ice control equipment for light trucks, we enjoy a set of competitive advantages versus smaller equipment providers, which allows us to generate robust cash flows in all snowfall environments and to support continued investment in our products, distribution capabilities and brand regardless of annual volume fluctuations. We believe these advantages are rooted in the following competitive strengths and reinforces our industry leadership over time.

        Exceptional Customer Loyalty and Brand Equity.    Our brands enjoy exceptional customer loyalty and brand equity in the snow and ice control equipment industry with both end-users and distributors, which have been developed through over 50 years of superior innovation, productivity, reliability and support, consistently delivered season after season. We believe past brand experience, rather than price, is the key factor impacting snowplow purchasing decisions.

        Broadest and Most Innovative Product Offering.    We provide the industry's broadest product offering with a full range of snowplows, sand and salt spreaders and related parts and accessories. We believe we maintain the industry's largest and most advanced in-house new product development program, historically introducing several new and redesigned products each year. Our broad product offering and

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commitment to new product development is essential to maintaining and growing our leading market share position as well as continuing to increase the profitability of our business.

        Extensive North American Distributor Network.    With over 720 direct distributors,2,100 points of sale, we benefit from having the most extensive North American direct distributor network in the industry, providing a significant competitive advantage over our peers. Our distributors function not only as sales and support agents (providing access to parts and service), but also as industry partners providing real-time end-user information, such as retail inventory levels, changing consumer preferences or desired functionality enhancements, which we use as the basis for our product development efforts.

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        Leader in Operational Efficiency.    We believe we are a leader in operational efficiency in our industry, resulting from our application of lean manufacturing principles and a highly variable cost structure. By utilizing lean principles, we are able to adjust production levels easily to meet fluctuating demand, while controlling costs in slower periods. This operational efficiency is supplemented by our highly variable cost structure, driven in part by our access to a sizable temporary workforce (comprising approximately 10-15% of our total workforce)workforce during average snowfall years), which we can quickly adjust, as needed. These manufacturing efficiencies enable us to respond rapidly to urgent customer demand during times of sudden and unpredictable snowfalls, allowing us to provide exceptional service to our existing customer base and capture new customers from competitors that we believe cannot service their customers' needs with the same speed and reliability.

        Strong Cash Flow Generation.    We are able to generate significant cash flow as a result of relatively consistent high profitability, low capital spending requirements and predictable timing of our working capital requirements. Our cash flow results will also benefit substantially from approximately $18$19.5 million of annual tax-deductible intangible and goodwill expense over the next eightfive years, which has the impact of reducing our corporate taxes owed by approximately $6.7$7.4 million on an annual basis during this period, in the event we have sufficient taxable income to utilize such benefit. Our significant cash flow has allowed us to reinvest in our business, pay down long term debt, and pay substantial dividends on a pro rata basis to our stockholders.

        Experienced Management Team.    We believe our business benefits from an exceptional management team that is responsible for establishing our leadership in the snow and ice control equipment industry for light trucks. Our senior management team, consisting of four officers, has an average of approximately 2023 years of weather-related industry experience and an average of over eleventhirteen years with our company. James Janik, our President and Chief Executive Officer, has been with us for over 1921 years and in his current role since 2000, and through his strategic vision, we have been able to expand our distributor network and grow our market leading position.

Our Business Strategy

        Our business strategy is to capitalize on our competitive strengths to maximize cash flow to pay dividends, reduce indebtedness and reinvest in our business to create stockholder value. The building blocks of our strategy are:

        Continuous Product Innovation.    We believe new product innovation is critical to maintaining and growing our market-leading position in the snow and ice control equipment industry. We will continue to focus on developing innovative solutions to increase productivity, ease of use, reliability, durability and serviceability of our products and on incorporating lean manufacturing concepts into our product development process, which has allowed us to reduce the overall cost of development and, more importantly, to reduce our time-to-market by nearly one-half.

        Distributor Network Optimization.    We will continually seek opportunities to continue to expand our extensive distribution network by adding high-quality, well-capitalized distributors in select geographic

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areas and by cross-selling our industry-leading brands within our distribution network to ensure we maximize our ability to generate revenue while protecting our industry leading reputation, customer loyalty and brands. We will also focus on optimizing this network by providing in-depth training, valuable distributor support and attractive promotional and incentive opportunities. As a result of these efforts, we believe a majority of our distributors choose to sell our products exclusively. We believe this sizable high quality network is unique in the industry, providing us with valuable insight into purchasing trends and customer preferences, and would be very difficult to replicate.

        Aggressive Asset Management and Profit Focus.    We will continue to aggressively manage our assets in order to maximize our cash flow generation despite seasonal and annual variability in snowfall levels.

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We believe our ability is unique in our industry and enables us to achieve attractive margins in all snowfall environments. Key elements of our asset management and profit focus strategies include:

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employment of a highly variable cost structure, which allows us to quickly adjust costs in response to real-time changes in demand;



•

use of enterprise-wide lean principles, which allow us to easily adjust production levels up or down to meet demand;



•

implementation of a pre-season order program, which incentivizes distributors to place orders prior to the retail selling season and thereby enables us to more efficiently utilize our assets; and



•

development of a vertically integrated business model, which we believe provides us cost advantages over our competition.

        Additionally, although modest, our capital expenditure requirements and operating expenses can be temporarily reduced in response to anticipated or actual lower sales in a particular year to maximize cash flow.

        Flexible, Lean Enterprise Platform.    We will continue to utilize lean principles to maximize the flexibility, efficiency and productivity of our manufacturing operations while reducing the associated costs, enabling us to increase distributor and end-user satisfaction. For example, in an environment where shorter lead times and near-perfect order fulfillment are important to our distributors, we believe our lean processes have helped us to improve our shipping performance and build a reputation for providing industry leading shipping performance.

Our Growth Opportunities

        Opportunistically Seek New Products and New Markets.    On May 6, 2013, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Trynex, including its full line of product offerings and access to its network of authorized dealers. We expect to continue to consider external growth opportunities within the snow and ice control industry and other equipment or component markets. We plan to continue to evaluate other acquisition opportunities within our industry that can help us expand our distribution reach, enhance our technology and as a consequence improve the breadth and depth of our product lines. We also consider diversification opportunities in adjacent markets that complement our business model and could offer us the ability to leverage our core competencies to create stockholder value.

Increase Our Industry Leading Market Share.    We plan to leverage our industry leading position, distribution network and new product innovation capabilities to capture market share in the North American snow and ice control equipment market, focusing our primary efforts on increasing penetration in those North American markets where we believe our overall market share is less than 50%. We also plan to continue growing our presence in the snow and ice control equipment market outside of North America, particularly in Asia and Europe, which we believe could provide significant growth opportunities in the future.

        Opportunistically Seek New Products and New Markets.    We will consider external growth opportunities within the snow and ice control industry and other equipment or component markets. We plan to continue to evaluate acquisition opportunities within our industry that can help us expand our distribution reach, enhance our technology and as a consequence improve the breadth and depthTable of our product lines. We also consider diversification opportunities in adjacent markets that complement our business model and could offer us the ability to leverage our core competencies to create stockholder value.Contents

Employees

        As of December 31, 2011,2013, we employed approximately 525520 employees on a full-time basis. None of our employees are represented by a union and we are not party to any collective bargaining agreements.

Financing program

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Sales Programs

        We offer a number of sales programs to our distributors to finance the purchase of our products. One such program is our pre-season sales program, which not only benefits our distributors, but also benefits us by helping us to manage the seasonality of our business. During the second and third quarters, we offer our distributors the option of either (1) a purchase price discount, with the percentage discount being highest the earlier in the season that the distributor purchases and pays for our products, or (2) deferring payment until the fourth quarter. Under either option product shipment occurs during the pre-season sales period. On average, approximately 60% to 65% of our annual shipments occur during the pre-season sales period. Distributors who purchase our products during the first or fourth quarter, on the other hand, must deliver payment to us within 30 days of shipment. Our backlog as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively. We expect that all backlog as of December 31, 2011 will be shipped in 2012.

        We are also party to an accounts receivable securitization facility pursuant toa financing program in which certain distributors may elect to finance their purchases from us through a third party financing company. Distributors who purchase our products through this financing arrangement are offeredWe provide the same pre-season sales incentives as distributors who purchase directly from us, the terms of which are described above. In the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, 1.3%, 1.0% and 1.9%, respectively of our net sales were financed by our distributors through a third party financing company. Pursuant tocompany recourse against us regarding the terms of this facility, we maintain the risk of collectability of the receivable under this facility. Ifthe program due to the fact that if the third party financing company is unable to collect from the distributor the amounts due in respect of the product financing,financed, we arewould be obligated to repurchase any remaining inventory related to the outstanding receivable balance plusproduct financed and reimburse any legal fees incurred by the financing company. Historically, repurchasesDuring the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, distributors financed purchases of inventory$2.9 million, $1.6 million and $2.8 million through this financing program, respectively. At both December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, there were $0.0 million, of uncollectible amountsoutstanding receivables related to receivables soldsales financed under the financing program. The amount owed by our distributors to the third party financing company under this program have been less than $100 thousand on averageat December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $1.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively. We were required to repurchase repossessed inventory of $0.0 million, $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2009, 20102013, December 31, 2012 and 2011.December 31, 2011, respectively.

        In 2011, we also unveiledthe past, minimal losses have been incurred under this agreement. However, an end-user financing program. We have partnered with a third party financing company which has agreedadverse change in distributor retail sales could cause this situation to extend creditchange and thereby require us to our-end users for purchases of our products, subjectrepurchase repossessed units. Any repossessed units are inspected to credit approval. Once approval is obtained, our end-users can then place an order directly for our products with our distributors. This program is designed to facilitate our end-users' access to credit.ensure they are current, unused product and are restocked and resold.

Intellectual Property

        We maintain patents relating to snowplow mounts, assemblies, hydraulics, electronics and lighting systems, brooms as well as sand, salt and saltfertilizer spreader assemblies and our patent applications relate to each of the foregoing except for hydraulics and sand and salt spreader assemblies. When granted, each patent has ahydraulics. Patents are valid for the longer period of 17 year duration.years from issue date or 20 years from filing date. The duration of the patents we currently possess range between one yearthree years and 1713 years of remaining life. Our patent applications date from 2001 to 2011.1999 through 2013.

        We rely on a combination of patents, trade secrets and trademarks to protect certain of the proprietary aspects of our business and technology. We hold approximately 2029 U.S. registered trademarks (including the trademarks WESTERN®, FISHER® BLIZZARD®, SNOWEX®, TURFEX® and BLIZZARD®SWEEPEX®), 510 Canadian registered trademarks, 255 European trademarks, 43 U.S. issued patents, 1511 Canadian patents and two Chinese patents.trademarks.

Raw Materials

        During 2013, we experienced slightly favorable commodity costs compared to the average prices paid for commodities in 2012. Historically, we have mitigated, and we currently expect to continue to mitigate, commodity cost increases in part by engaging in proactive vendor negotiations, reviewing alternative sourcing options, substituting materials, engaging in internal cost reduction efforts, and increasing prices on some of our products, all as appropriate.

        Most of the components of our products are also affected by commodity cost pressures and are commercially available from a number of sources. In 2013, we experienced no significant work stoppages because of shortages of raw materials or commodities. The highest raw material and component costs are generally for steel, which we purchase from several suppliers.

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Other Information

        We were formed as a Delaware corporation in 2004. We maintain a website with the address www.douglasdynamics.com. We are not including the information contained on our website as part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this report. We make available free of charge (other than an investor's own Internet access charges) through our website our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports, as

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soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish such material to, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

        The Company operates in an environment that involves numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks, as well as other risks not currently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial. The risk described below highlight some of the factors that have affected, and in the future could affect our operations.

Our results of operations depend primarily on the level, timing and location of snowfall. As a result, a decline in snowfall levels in multiple regions for an extended time could cause our results of operations to decline and adversely affect our ability to pay dividends.

        As a manufacturer of snow and ice control equipment for light trucks, and related parts and accessories, our sales depend primarily on the level, timing and location of snowfall in the regions in which we offer our products. A low level or lack of snowfall in any given year in any of the snow-belt regions in North America (primarily the Midwest, East and Northeast regions of the United States as well as all provinces of Canada) will likely cause sales of our products to decline in such year as well as the subsequent year, which in turn may adversely affect our results of operations and ability to pay dividends. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Seasonality and Year-to-Year Variability." A sustained period of reduced snowfall events in one or more of the geographic regions in which we offer our products could cause our results of operations to decline and adversely affect our ability to pay dividends.

The year-to-year variability of our business can cause our results of operations and financial condition to be materially different from year-to-year; whereas the seasonality of our business can cause our results of operations and financial condition to be materially different from quarter-to-quarter.

        Because our business depends on the level, timing and location of snowfall, our results of operations vary from year-to-year. Additionally, because the annual snow season typically only runs from October 1 through March 31, our distributors typically purchase our products during the second and third quarters. As a result, we operate in a seasonal business. We not only experience seasonality in our sales, but also experience seasonality in our working capital needs. Consequently, our results of operations and financial condition can vary from year-to-year, as well as from quarter-to-quarter, which could affect our ability to pay dividends. If we are unable to effectively manage the seasonality and year-to-year variability of our business, our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends may suffer.

If economic conditions in the United States continue to remain weak or deteriorate further, our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends may be adversely affected.

        Historically, demand for snow and ice control equipment for light trucks has been influenced by general economic conditions in the United States, as well as local economic conditions in the snow-belt regions in North America. During the last few years, economic conditions throughout the United States

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have been extremely weak, although they began to improve inweak. Although conditions improved from 2011 through 2013, they may not become strong in the foreseeable future. Weakened economic conditions may cause our end-users to delay purchases of replacement snow and ice control equipment and instead repair their existing equipment, leading to a decrease in our sales of new equipment. Weakened economic conditions may also cause our end-users to delay their purchases of new light trucks. Because our end-users tend to purchase new snow and ice control equipment concurrent with their purchase of new light trucks, their delay in purchasing new light trucks can also result in the deferral of their purchases of new snow and ice control equipment.

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The deferral of new equipment purchases during periods of weak economic conditions may negatively affect our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends.

        Weakened economic conditions may also cause our end-users to consider price more carefully in selecting new snow and ice control equipment. Historically, considerations of quality and service have outweighed considerations of price, but in a weak economy, price may become a more important factor. Any refocus away from quality in favor of cheaper equipment could cause end-users to shift away from our products to less expensive competitor products, or to shift away from our more profitable products to our less profitable products, which in turn would adversely affect our results of operations and our ability to pay dividends.

Our failure to maintain good relationships with our distributors, the loss or consolidation of our distributor base or the actions or inactions of our distributors could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and our ability to pay dividends.

        We depend on a network of truck equipment distributors to sell, install and service our products. Nearly all of these sales and service relationships are at will, so almost all of our distributors could discontinue the sale and service of our products at any time, and those distributors that primarily sell our products may choose to sell competing products at any time. Further, difficult economic or other circumstances could cause any of our distributors to discontinue their businesses. Moreover, if our distributor base were to consolidate or if any of our distributors were to discontinue their business, competition for the business of fewer distributors would intensify. If we do not maintain good relationships with our distributors, or if we do not provide product offerings and pricing that meet the needs of our distributors, we could lose a substantial amount of our distributor base. A loss of a substantial portion of our distributor base could cause our sales to decline significantly, which would have an adverse effect on our results of operations and ability to pay dividends.

        In addition, our distributors may not provide timely or adequate service to our end-users. If this occurs, our brand identity and reputation may be damaged, which would have an adverse effect on our results of operations and ability to pay dividends.

Lack of available financing options for our end-users or distributors may adversely affect our sales volumes.

        Our end-user base is highly concentrated among professional snowplowers, who comprise over 50% of our end-users, many of whom are individual landscapers who remove snow during the winter and landscape during the rest of the year, rather than large, well-capitalized corporations. These end-users often depend upon credit to purchase our products. If credit is unavailable on favorable terms or at all, our end-users may not be able to purchase our products from our distributors, which would in turn reduce sales and adversely affect our results of operations and ability to pay dividends.

        In addition, because our distributors, like our end-users, rely on credit to purchase our products, if our distributors are not able to obtain credit, or access credit on favorable terms, we may experience delays in payment or nonpayment for delivered products. Further, if our distributors are unable to obtain credit or access credit on favorable terms, they could experience financial difficulties or bankruptcy and cease purchases of our products altogether. Thus, if financing is unavailable on

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favorable terms or at all, our results of operations and ability to pay dividends would be adversely affected.

The price of steel, a commodity necessary to manufacture our products, is highly variable. If the price of steel increases, our gross margins could decline.

        Steel is a significant raw material used to manufacture our products. During 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 2009,2011, our steel purchases were approximately 15%13%, 13%18% and 18%15% of our revenue, respectively. The steel industry is highly cyclical in nature, and steel prices have been volatile in recent years and may remain

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volatile in the future. Steel prices are influenced by numerous factors beyond our control, including general economic conditions domestically and internationally, the availability of raw materials, competition, labor costs, freight and transportation costs, production costs, import duties and other trade restrictions. Steel prices are volatile and may increase as a result of increased demand from the automobile and consumer durable sectors. If the price of steel increases, our variable costs may increase. We may not be able to mitigate these increased costs through the implementation of permanent price increases or temporary invoice surcharges, especially if economic conditions remain weak and our distributors and end-users become more price sensitive. If we are unable to successfully mitigate such cost increases in the future, our gross margins could decline.

If petroleum prices increase, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

        Petroleum prices have fluctuated significantly in recent years. Prices and availability of petroleum products are subject to political, economic and market factors that are outside of our control. Political events in petroleum-producing regions as well as hurricanes and other weather-related events may cause the price of fuel to increase. If the price of fuel increases, the demand for our products may decline, which would adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We depend on outside suppliers who may be unable to meet our volume and quality requirements, and we may be unable to obtain alternative sources.

        We purchase certain components essential to our snowplows and sand and salt spreaders from outside suppliers, including off-shore sources. Most of our key supply arrangements can be discontinued at any time. A supplier may encounter delays in the production and delivery of such products and components or may supply us with products and components that do not meet our quality, quantity or cost requirements. Additionally, a supplier may be forced to discontinue operations. Any discontinuation or interruption in the availability of quality products and components from one or more of our suppliers may result in increased production costs, delays in the delivery of our products and lost end-user sales, which could have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

        We have continued to increase the number of our off-shore suppliers. Our increased reliance on off-shore sourcing may cause our business to be more susceptible to the impact of natural disasters, war and other factors that may disrupt the transportation systems or shipping lines used by our suppliers, a weakening of the dollar over an extended period of time and other uncontrollable factors such as changes in foreign regulation or economic conditions. In addition, reliance on off-shore suppliers may make it more difficult for us to respond to sudden changes in demand because of the longer lead time to obtain components from off-shore sources. We may be unable to mitigate this risk by stocking sufficient materials to satisfy any sudden or prolonged surges in demand for our products. If we cannot satisfy demand for our products in a timely manner, our sales could suffer as distributors can cancel purchase orders without penalty until shipment.

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We do not sell our products under long-term purchase contracts, and sales of our products are significantly impacted by factors outside of our control; therefore, our ability to estimate demand is limited.

        We do not enter into long-term purchase contracts with our distributors and the purchase orders we receive may be cancelled without penalty until shipment. Therefore, our ability to accurately predict future demand for our products is limited. Nonetheless, we attempt to estimate demand for our products for purposes of planning our annual production levels and our long-term product development and new product introductions. We base our estimates of demand on our own market assessment, snowfall figures, quarterly field inventory surveys and regular communications with our distributors. Because wide fluctuations in the level, timing and location of snowfall, economic conditions and other factors may occur, each of which is out of our control, our estimates of demand may not be accurate. Underestimating demand could result in procuring an insufficient amount of materials necessary for the

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production of our products, which may result in increased production costs, delays in product delivery, missed sale opportunities and a decrease in customer satisfaction. Overestimating demand could result in the procurement of excessive supplies, which could result in increased inventory and associated carrying costs.

If we are unable to enforce, maintain or continue to build our intellectual property portfolio, or if others invalidate our intellectual property rights, our competitive position may be harmed.

        Our patents relate to snowplow mounts, assemblies, hydraulics, electronics and lighting systems, brooms as well as sand, salt and saltfertilizer spreader assemblies and our patent applications relate to each of the foregoing except for hydraulics and sand and salt spreader assemblies. When granted, each patent has ahydraulics. Patents are valid for the longer period of 17 year duration.years from issue date or 20 years from filing date. The duration of the patents we currently possess range between one yearthree years and 1713 years of remaining life. Our patent applications date from 20011999 through 2011.2013.

        We rely on a combination of patents, trade secrets and trademarks to protect certain of the proprietary aspects of our business and technology. We hold approximately 2029 U.S. registered trademarks (including the trademarks WESTERN®, FISHER®, BLIZZARD® SNOWEX®, TURFEX® and BLIZZARD®SWEEPEX®), 510 Canadian registered trademarks, 255 European trademarks, 43 U.S. issued patents, 1511 Canadian patents and two Chinese patents.trademarks. Although we work diligently to protect our intellectual property rights, monitoring the unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult, and the steps we have taken may not prevent unauthorized use by others. In addition, in the event a third party challenges the validity of our intellectual property rights, a court may determine that our intellectual property rights may not be valid or enforceable. An adverse determination with respect to our intellectual property rights may harm our business prospects and reputation. Third parties may design around our patents or may independently develop technology similar to our trade secrets. The failure to adequately build, maintain and enforce our intellectual property portfolio could impair the strength of our technology and our brands, and harm our competitive position. Although we have no reason to believe that our intellectual property rights are vulnerable, previously undiscovered intellectual property could be used to invalidate our rights.

If we are unable to develop new products or improve upon our existing products on a timely basis, it could have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

        We believe that our future success depends, in part, on our ability to develop on a timely basis new technologically advanced products or improve upon our existing products in innovative ways that meet or exceed our competitors' product offerings. Continuous product innovation ensures that our consumers have access to the latest products and features when they consider buying snow and ice control equipment. Maintaining our market position will require us to continue to invest in research and development and sales and marketing. Product development requires significant financial, technological and other resources. We may be unsuccessful in making the technological advances necessary to develop new products or improve our existing products to maintain our market position.

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Industry standards, end-user expectations or other products may emerge that could render one or more of our products less desirable or obsolete. If any of these events occur, it could cause decreases in sales, a failure to realize premium pricing and an adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

We face competition from other companies in our industry, and if we are unable to compete effectively with these companies, it could have an adverse effect on our sales and profitability. Price competition among our distributors could negatively affect our market share.

        We primarily compete with regional manufacturers of snow and ice control equipment for light trucks. While we are the most geographically diverse company in our industry, we may face increasing competition in the markets in which we operate. In saturated markets, price competition may lead to a decrease in our market share or a compression of our margins, both of which would affect our

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profitability. Moreover, current or future competitors may grow their market share and develop superior service and may have or may develop greater financial resources, lower costs, superior technology or more favorable operating conditions than we maintain. As a result, competitive pressures we face may cause price reductions for our products, which would affect our profitability or result in decreased sales and operating income. Additionally, saturation of the markets in which we compete or channel conflicts among our brands and shifts in consumer preferences may increase these competitive pressures or may result in increased competition among our distributors and affect our sales and profitability. In addition, price competition among the distributors that sell our products could lead to significant margin erosion among our distributors, which could in turn result in compressed margins or loss of market share for us. Management believes that, after ourselves, the next largest competitors in the market for snow and ice control equipment for light trucks are Northern Star Industries, Inc. (the manufacturer of the Boss brand of snow and ice control equipment) and Meyer Products LLC, respectively, and accordingly represent our primary competitors for market share.

We are subject to complex laws and regulations, including environmental and safety regulations that can adversely affect the cost, manner or feasibility of doing business.

        Our operations are subject to certain federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to, among other things, the generation, storage, handling, emission, transportation, disposal and discharge of hazardous and non-hazardous substances and materials into the environment, the manufacturing of motor vehicle accessories and employee health and safety. We cannot be certain that existing and future laws and regulations and their interpretations will not harm our business or financial condition. We currently make and may be required to make large and unanticipated capital expenditures to comply with environmental and other regulations, such as:

•

Applicable motor vehicle safety standards established by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration;



•

Reclamation and remediation and other environmental protection; and



•

Standards for workplace safety established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

        While we monitor our compliance with applicable laws and regulations and attempt to budget for anticipated costs associated with compliance, we cannot predict the future cost of such compliance. In 2011,2013, the amount expended for such compliance was insignificant, but we could incur material expenses in the future in the event of future legislation changes or unforeseen events, such as a workplace accident or environmental discharge, or if we otherwise discover we are in non-compliance with an applicable regulation. In addition, under these laws and regulations, we could be liable for:

•

Product liability claims;

percentage of cost of sales, fixed and variable costs were approximately 15%18% and 85%82%, respectively, for both of the yearyears ended December 31, 2011 versus approximately 19%2013 and 81%, respectively for the year ended December 31, 2010.2012.

        Gross Profit.    Gross profit was $71.8$65.7 million for the year ended December 31, 20112013 compared to $60.3$44.0 million in 2010,2012, an increase of $11.5$21.7 million, or 19.1%49.3%, due to the increase in net sales volume described above under "—Net Sales" and "—Cost of Sales." As a percentage of net sales, gross profit increased from 34.1%31.4% for the year ended December 31, 20102012 to 34.4%33.8% for the corresponding period in 2011,2013, as a result of the factors discussed above under "—Net Sales" and "—Cost of Sales."

        Selling, General and Administrative Expense.    Selling, general and administrative expenses, including intangible asset amortization, and management fees, were $31.6$37.5 million for the year ended December 31, 20112013 compared to $38.9$25.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, a decrease2012, an increase of $7.3$12.4 million, or 18.7%49.4%, driven by non-recurring expenses incurred at the time of the IPO in 2010. The non-recurring charges associated with the IPO totaled $8.5 million, and were comprised of the buyout of the management services agreement at $5.8 million, compensation expense associated with net exercises of stock options totaling $1.7 million and the expense and payment of cash bonuses under the our liquidity bonus plan of $1.0 million. Additionally, in 2010 there was non-recurring compensation expense associated with net exercises of stock options subsequent to the IPO totaling $1.2 million. In addition, the closure costs associated with the Johnson City facility were $0.7 million in the prior year. Amortization expense decreased $0.8 million compared to 2010 due to certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized. Additionally, contributing to the reduction, in 2011, we spent $0.9 million less on legal and consulting fees compared to 2010 in order to defend patents and explore potential acquisitions. Meanwhile, offsetting the decreases, in 2011 we incurred higher incentive based

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compensation of $2.1$3.2 million due to better operating results. Recurring stock basedAdditionally in 2013 we recorded $4.0 million of earnout compensation increased $0.8 million comparedexpense related to 2010 due to a full year as a public company in the current year. We spent $1.3TrynEx acquisition and $2.2 million in 2011 on offering costsselling, general and administrative expenses related to allow our former principal stockholdersTrynEx after the date of acquisition. The remaining increase in 2013 is a result of management returning to dispose of their remaining holdingsnormal discretionary spending which was significantly cut back in our common stock. Finally, health insurance costs increased $0.6 million2012 in the year ended December 31, 2011 comparedorder to 2010.preserve profitability in a low sales volume year. As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses, including intangibles amortization, and management fees, decreasedincreased from 22.0%17.9% for the year ended December 31, 20102012 to 15.2%19.3% for the corresponding period in 20112013 due to items discussed above.

        Impairment of Assets Held for Sale.    We recorded assets held for sale on our balance sheet in conjunction with the closure of the Johnson City, Tennessee location in 2010. The land and building have been held for sale since the closure. In an effort to stimulate sales activity, we lowered the listed sale price which caused us to reassess the fair value of the assets held for sale. Consequently, we recorded an impairment charge of $0.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2013. On February 26, 2014, the Company entered into an agreement for the sale of the land and building, which the Company anticipates closing within seventy-five days of the sale agreement, subject to closing conditions.

        Interest Expense.    Interest expense was $8.9$8.3 million for the year ended December 31, 20112013 compared to $10.9$8.4 million in the corresponding period in 2010, a decrease of $2.0 million. This decrease was due to less interest expense as a result of the redemption of our 7³/4% Senior Notes due 2012 ("Senior Notes") with proceeds from the IPO, additional borrowings under our senior credit facilities and cash on hand. Additionally, interest expense was lower for year ending December 31, 2011 compared to 2010 as we incurred a favorable rate as a result of the April 2011 refinancing.

        Loss on Extinguishment of Debt.    Loss on extinguishment of debt totaling $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 was entirely driven by our entry into a new term loan facility resulting in a significant modification of our debt which resulted in the write off of unamortized capitalized deferred financing costs of $0.3 million and write off of unamortized debt discount of $0.3 million. Loss on extinguishment of debt totaling $8.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 was entirely driven by costs associated with the amendment of our senior credit facilities and the redemption of the Senior Notes, including both the call premium on the redemption of our Senior Notes, and the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs relating to the redemption of our Senior Notes and the amendment of our senior credit facilities.2012.

        Income Taxes.    Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The largest item affecting deferred taxes is the difference between book and tax amortization of goodwill and other intangibles amortization. Our effective combined federal and state tax rate for 20112013 was 37.3%38.8% compared to 34.4%40.8% for 2010.2012. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 20112013 is higherlower than 20102012 due to an increasethe 2012 and 2013 Federal research and development credit recognition in federal rate from 34.0%2013 due to retroactive legislation passed in year ending December 31, 2010 compared to 35.0% for the year ending December 31, 2011.January 2013.

        Net Income.    Net income for the year ended December 31, 20112013 was $19.0$11.6 million compared to net income of $1.7$6.0 million for the corresponding period in 2010,2012, an increase of $17.3$5.6 million. This increase was driven by the factors described above, and primarily by the non-recurring charges associated with the IPO incurred in 2010.above.

Year Ended December 31, 20102012 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 20092011

        Net Sales.    Net sales were $176.8$140.0 million for the year ended December 31, 20102012 compared to $174.3$208.8 million in 2009, an increase2011, a decrease of $2.5$68.8 million, or 1.4%33.0%. This increasedecrease was primarily driven by a $4.3decreases of $54.5 million increase in sales of snow and ice control equipment slightly offset by a $1.9and $14.3 million decrease in parts and accessories sales. The increasedecrease in sales of snow and ice control equipment for the year ended December 31, 20102012 was attributable to (1) an increasea decrease in sales volume of snow and ice control equipment of $2.1$57.2 million, or 1.4%32.2%, as compared to the prior year, and (2)slightly offset by price increases that we implemented in the second quarter of 2010 and that extended throughout 2010. The 1.4% increase in sales volume was largely a result of strengthening economic conditions towards the end of 2010 which we believed led to lower parts and accessories sales compared to 2009. However, compared to a ten year historical average, parts and accessories sales were still higher than average, while equipment sales were lower than average, as many end-users continue to repair their existing snow and ice control equipment instead of purchasing new equipment. Net sales of parts and accessories declined in the year

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fourth quarter of 2011 and that extended throughout the remainder of 2011 and 2012 and an additional price increase that was effective in the third and fourth quarters of 2012. The decrease in sales volume was largely a result of the below average snow season ending March 31, 2012. Net sales of parts and accessories decreased in the year ended December 31, 20102012 from the year ended December 31, 20092011 by 7.0%46.0%, from $26.9$31.0 million to $25.0$16.7 million. Notwithstanding this decline, netNet sales of parts and accessories remained comparatively highlow in 2010, exceeding2012, below the preceding ten-year average by approximately 34.4%21.2%. As discussed above, the comparatively stronglower sales of parts and accessories was due in large part to below average snowfall resulting in decreased equipment usage. Additionally, equipment sales were lower (30% below the continued downturn in general economic conditions and local economic conditions in the snowbelt regions, which we believed led manyimmediately preceding ten-year average), mainly attributable to lack of our end-users to repair their existing snow and ice control equipment instead of purchasing new equipment.snowfall.

        Cost of Sales.    Cost of sales was $116.5$96.1 million for the year ended December 31, 20102012 compared to $117.3$137.0 million in 2009,2011, a decrease of $0.8$40.9 million, or 0.7%29.9%. This decrease was driven primarily by reduced costs due to material cost savings as steel costs were lower in 2010 as compared to 2009. Steel purchases were approximately 15% and 18% of our sales revenue for the years ending December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Lower steel costs were slightly offset by increases in snow and ice control equipment unit volume as discussed above. Costsdecreased volume. Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales decreasedincreased from 67.3%65.6% for the year ended December 31, 20092011 to 65.9%68.6% for the year ended December 31, 20102012 as a result of the materiallower volumes to absorb fixed spending. In 2012, inflationary commodity experience was cost savingsneutral as discussed above.compared to negative inflationary commodity experience throughout 2011. The favorability of inflation experienced in 2012 was more than offset by negative fixed cost absorption resulting from decreases in volume of equipment units and parts and accessories. As a percentage of cost of sales, fixed and variable costs were approximately 19%18% and 81%82%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 20102012 versus approximately 17%15% and 83%85%, respectively for the year ended December 31, 2009.2011.

        Gross Profit.    Gross profit was $60.3$44.0 million for the year ended December 31, 20102012 compared to $57.1$71.8 million in 2009, an increase2011, a decrease of $3.2$27.8 million, or 5.6%38.7%, due to the increasedecrease in net sales volume described above under "—Net Sales" And the reduction in material costs as described underand "—Cost of Sales." As a percentage of net sales, gross profit increaseddecreased from 32.7%34.4% for the year ended December 31, 20092011 to 34.1%31.4% for the corresponding period in 2010,2012, as a result of the factors discussed above under "—Net Sales" and "—Cost of Sales."

        Selling, General and Administrative Expense.    Selling, general and administrative expenses, including intangible asset amortization and management fees, were $38.9$25.1 million for the year ended December 31, 20102012 compared to $27.6$31.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, an increase2011, a decrease of $11.3$6.5 million, or 40.9%20.6%, driven by non-recurring expenses incurred at the timelower incentive based compensation of the IPO. The non-recurring charges associated with the IPO totaled $8.5$3.4 million and were comprised of the buyout of the management services agreement at $5.8 million, compensation expense associated with net exercises of stock options totaling $1.7 million and the expense and payment of cash bonuses under our liquidity bonus plan of $1.0 million. Additionally, there was non-recurring compensation expense associated with net exercises of stock options subsequentdue to the IPO totaling $1.2 million.lower operating results. We also spent $1.3 million more in 20102011 on defendingoffering costs to allow our patents comparedformer principal stockholders to 2009. Finally, the closuredispose of their remaining holdings in our common stock while we did not incur any offering costs associated with the Johnson City facility increased $0.4 million comparedin 2012. The remaining decrease in 2012 is a result of management pulling back on discretionary spending in order to the priorpreserve profitability in a low sales volume year. As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses, including intangibles amortization and management fees, increased from 15.8%15.2% for the year ended December 31, 20092011 to 22.0%17.9% for the corresponding period in 20102012 due to the non-recurring chargesitems discussed above.

        Interest Expense.    Interest expense was $10.9$8.4 million for the year ended December 31, 20102012 compared to $15.5$8.9 million in the corresponding period in 2009, a2011. The decrease of $4.6 million. This decreasein interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the prior year was due to less interest expense as a result ofvoluntary $10 million payment made on the redemption of our 7³/4% Senior Notes due 2012 ("Senior Notes") with proceeds from the IPO, additional borrowings under our senior credit facilities and cash on hand.term loan in January 2012.

        Loss on Extinguishment of Debt.    Loss on extinguishment of debt totaling $8.0was zero for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to a total of $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 20102011. The loss on extinguishment of debt in 2011 was entirely driven by costs associated with the amendmentour entry into a new term loan facility resulting in a significant modification of our senior credit facilities anddebt which resulted in the redemptionwrite off of the Senior Notes, including both the call premium on the redemption of our Senior Notes, and the write-off of unamortized capitalized deferred financing costs relating to the redemption of our Senior Notes$0.3 million and the amendmentwrite off of our senior credit facilities.unamortized debt discount of $0.3 million.

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        Income Taxes.    Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The largest item affecting deferred taxes is the difference between book and tax amortization of goodwill and other intangibles amortization. Our effective combined federal and state tax rate for 20102012 was 34.4%40.8% compared to 28.8%37.3% for 2009.2011. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 20102012 is higher than 2009 due to state net operating2011 as we were in a taxable loss allowances ("NOLs") related to the closure of the Johnson City, Tennessee facility. Additionally, the 2009 effective rate was lower due to the release of a valuation allowance for Wisconsin NOLsposition in the first quarter of 2009 due to a tax law change in the state of Wisconsin resulting in the ability2012 and thus unable to utilize the NOLsdomestic production activities deduction while we were in future periods.a taxable income position in 2011 and able to utilize the domestic production activities deduction.

        Net Income.    Net income for the year ended December 31, 20102012 was $1.7$6.0 million compared to net income of $9.8$19.0 million for the corresponding period in 2009,2011, a decrease of $8.1 million, or 82.7%.$13.0 million. This decrease was driven by the factors described above, and primarily by the non-recurring charges associated with the IPO.above.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

        This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains financial information calculated other than in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP").

        These non-GAAP measures include:

•

Free cash flow;



•

Adjusted net income; and



•

Adjusted EBITDA.

        These non-GAAP disclosures should not be construed as an alternative to the reported results determined in accordance with GAAP.

        Free cash flow (as defined below) for the year ended December 31, 20112013 was $45.4$29.5 million compared to $12.8$14.2 million in the corresponding period in 2010,2012, an increase in free cash providedflow of $32.6$15.3 million, or 255.2%107.7%. The increase in free cash providedflow is primarily a result of $32.0$16.6 million lessmore cash usedprovided by operating activities, as discussed below under Liquidity and Capital Resources. In addition to the changes in cash usedprovided by operating activities, capital expenditures decreasedincreased by $0.6$1.3 million. In 2010,2013, there were higher capital expenditures due to accommodate the increased production demandsreduced spending in Milwaukee and Rockland because of the closure of our Johnson City, TN manufacturing plant in the first half of the year.2012 to preserve cash flow following a low snowfall season ending March 2012.

        Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure, which we define as net cash provided by operating activities less capital expenditures. Free cash flow should be evaluated in addition to, and not considered a substitute for, other financial measures such as net income and cash flow provided by operations. We believe that free cash flow represents our ability to generate additional cash flow from our business operations.

        The following table reconciles net cash provided by operating activities, a GAAP measure, to free cash flow, a non-GAAP measure.

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        Adjusted net income represents net income as determined under GAAP, excluding certain expenses incurred at the time of our IPO in 2010 (namely the buyout of our management services agreement, loss on extinguishment of debt stock based compensation expense associated with the net exercise of stock options and the payment of cash bonuses under our liquidity bonus plan);incurred in 2011, costs incurred to pursue potential acquisitions in 2011, certain expenses incurred at the time of our secondary offeringofferings in 2011; costs incurred to pursue acquisitions2011 and a loss recognized on extinguishmentimpairment

Table of debt incurredContents

of assets held for sale in 2011.2013. We believe that the presentation of adjusted net income for the years ended December 30,31, 2011, December 31, 2012 and December 30, 201031, 2013 allows investors to make meaningful comparisons of our operating performance between periods and to view our business from the same perspective as our management. Because the excluded items are not predictable or consistent, management does not consider them when evaluating our performance or when making decisions regarding allocation of resources.

        The following table presents a reconciliation of net income, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, to adjusted net income for the years ending December 31, 2011, December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2010.2013.

        Adjusted EBITDA represents net income before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, as further adjusted for certain non-recurring charges related to the closureconsisting of our Johnson City, Tennessee manufacturing facility and certain non-recurringunrelated legal and consulting fees, as well as management fees paid by us to affiliates of our former principal stockholders, stock based compensation, payment of cash bonuses under our liquidity bonus plan, loss on extinguishment of debt, impairment on assets held for sale, certain purchase accounting expenses and offering costs. We use, and we believe our investors benefit from the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA in evaluating our operating performance because it provides us and our investors with additional tools to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis by removing the impact of certain items that management believes do not directly reflect our core operations. In addition, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors and other external users of our consolidated financial statements in evaluating our operating performance as compared to that of other companies, because it allows them to measure a company's operating performance without regard to items such as interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization, which can vary substantially from company to company depending upon accounting methods and book value of assets and liabilities, capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired. Our management also uses Adjusted EBITDA for planning purposes, including the preparation of our annual operating budget and financial projections. Management also uses Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our ability to make certain payments, including dividends, in compliance with our senior credit facilities, which is determined based on a calculation of "Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA" that is substantially similar to Adjusted EBITDA.

        Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool. As a result, you should not consider it in isolation, or as a substitute for net income, operating income, cash flow from operating activities or any other measure of financial performance or liquidity presented in accordance with GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

•

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

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•

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;



•

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our indebtedness;



•

Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements;



•

Other companies, including other companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure; and



•

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect tax obligations whether current or deferred.

        Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $44.6 million compared to $29.7 million in 2012, an increase of $14.9 million, or 49.9%. As a percentage of net sales, Adjusted EBITDA increased from 21.2% for the year ended December 31, 2012 to 22.9% for the year ended December 31, 2013. Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $29.7 million compared to Adjusted EBITDA of $52.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, was $52.5 million compared to $47.3 million in the corresponding period in 2010, an increasea decrease of $5.2$22.8 million, or 11.0%43.4%. As a percentage of net sales, Adjusted EBITDA decreased from 26.8% for the year ended December 31,

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2010 to 25.1% for the year ended December 31, 2011. Adjusted EBITDA2011 to 21.2% for the year ended December 31, 2010 was $47.3 million compared to Adjusted EBITDA of $45.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, an increase of $2.1 million, or 4.6%. As a percentage of net sales, Adjusted EBITDA increased from 25.9% for the year ended December 31, 2009 to 26.8% for the year ended December 31, 2010.2012. In addition to the specific changes resulting from the exceptions, the changes to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods discussed resulted from factors discussed above under "—Results of Operations."

        The following table presents a reconciliation of net income, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, to Adjusted EBITDA, for each of the periods indicated.

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Discussion of Critical Accounting Policies

        Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. These estimates and assumptions are often based on judgments that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances at the time made, but all such estimates and assumptions are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Actual results may differ from those estimates and assumptions, and it is possible that other professionals, applying their own judgment to the same facts and circumstances, could develop and support alternative estimates and assumptions that would result in material changes to our operating results and financial condition. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances.

        The most significant accounting estimates inherent in the preparation of our financial statements include estimates used in the determination of liabilities related to pension obligations, recovery of




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accounts receivable, impairment assessment of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets, as well as estimates used in the determination of the lower of cost or market value of inventory and liabilities related to taxation and product warranty.

        We believe the following are the critical accounting policies that affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Defined Benefit Pension Obligation

        As discussed in Note 12 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the pension benefit obligation and related pension expense or income of our pension plans are calculated in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 715-30, Defined Benefit Plans-Pension, and are impacted by certain actuarial assumptions, including the discount rate and the expected rate of return on plan assets. Rates are evaluated on an annual basis considering such factors as market interest rates and historical asset performance. Actuarial valuations for 20112013 used a discount rate of 4.1% and an expected long-term rate of return on plan assets of 7.25%. Meanwhile, actuarial valuations for 2012 used a discount rate of 4.6% and an expected long-term rate of return on plan assets of 7.25%. Our discount rate reflects the expected future cash flow based upon our funding valuation assumptions and participant data at the beginning of the plan year. The expected future cash flow was discounted by the Principal Financial Group's yield curve for the month preceding the 20112013 year end.

        In estimating the expected return on plan assets, we analyze historical and expected returns for multiple asset classes. The overall rate for each asset class was developed by combining a long-term inflation component, the risk-free real rate of return, and the associated risk premium. A weighted average rate was then developed based upon those overall rates and the target asset allocation of the plan. Changes in the discount rate and return on assets can have a significant effect on the funded status of our pension plans, shareholders' equity and related expense. We cannot predict these changes in discount rates or investment returns and, therefore, cannot reasonably estimate whether the impact in subsequent years will be significant. The funded status of our pension plans is the difference between the projected benefit obligation and the fair value of its plan assets. The projected benefit obligation is the actuarial present value of all benefits expected to be earned by our employees' service adjusted for future wage increases. At December 31, 2011,2013, our pension obligation funded status was $14.2$7.1 million underfunded.

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        Our funding policy for our pension plans is to contribute amounts at least equal to the minimum annual amount required by applicable regulations. We contributed approximately $1.9$0.8 million to our pension plans in 2011.2013 and expect to make approximately $1.4 million in contributions to our pension plans in 2014. See Note 12 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a more detailed description of our pension plans.




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Revenue Recognition and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

        We recognize revenues upon shipment to the customer, which is when titlerisk of loss passes and all of the following conditions are satisfied: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) the price is fixed or determinable; (3) collectability is reasonably assured; and (4) the product has been shipped and we have no further obligations. Customers have no right of return privileges. Historically, product returns have not been material and are permitted on an exception basis only.

        We offer a variety of discounts and sales incentives to our distributors. The estimated liability for sales discounts and allowances is recorded at the time of sale as a reduction of net sales. The liability is estimated based on the costs of the program, the planned duration of the program and historical experience.

        We carry our accounts receivable at their face amount less an allowance for doubtful accounts. On a periodic basis, we evaluate our accounts receivable and establish an allowance for doubtful accounts based on a combination of specific distributor circumstances and credit conditions taking into account the history of write-offs and collections. A receivable is considered past due if payment has not been received within the period agreed upon in the invoice. Accounts receivable are written off after all collection efforts have been exhausted. We take a security interest in the inventory as collateral for the receivable but often do not have a priority security interest. See Note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information regarding our allowance for doubtful accounts.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

        Long-lived assets are reviewed for potential impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparison of the carrying value of such assets to the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. If the carrying value of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment provision is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value of the asset, less costs of disposition. Our management considers such factors as current results, trends and future prospects, current market value, and other economic and regulatory factors in performing these analyses. We determined that no long-lived assets were impaired as of December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 2009.2011.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

        We perform an annual impairment test for goodwill and indefinite lived trade names and more frequently if an event or circumstances indicate that an impairment loss has been incurred. Conditions that would trigger an impairment assessment include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in legal factors or business climate that could affect the value of an asset. The analysis of potential impairment of goodwill requires a two-step process. The first step is the estimation of fair value of the applicable reporting unit. We have determined we have one reporting unit, and all significant decisions are made on a companywide basis by our chief operating decision maker. The fair value of the reporting unit is estimated by using a market approach. The estimated fair value is compared with our aggregate carrying value. If our fair value is greater than the carrying amount, there

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is no impairment. If our carrying amount is greater than the fair value, then the second step must be completed to measure the amount of impairment, if any.

        The second step calculates the implied fair value of the goodwill, which is compared to its carrying value. The implied fair value of goodwill is calculated by valuing all of the tangible and intangible assets of the reporting unit at the hypothetical fair value, assuming the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. The excess of the fair value of the entire reporting unit over the




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fair value of its identifiable assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value of goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the difference. Annual impairment tests conducted by us on December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 20092011 resulted in no adjustment to the carrying value of our indefinite-lived intangibles and goodwill.

        Our goodwill and trade name balances could be impaired in future periods. A number of factors, many of which we have no ability to control, could affect our financial condition, operating results and business prospects and could cause actual results to differ from the estimates and assumptions we employed. These factors include:

•

a prolonged global economic crisis;



•

a significant decrease in the demand for our products;



•

the inability to develop new and enhanced products and services in a timely manner;



•

a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate;



•

an adverse action or assessment by a regulator; and



•

successful efforts by our competitors to gain market share in our markets.

Inventory Valuation

        Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Market is determined on the basis of estimated realizable values. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out basis. We periodically review our inventory for slow-moving, damaged and discontinued items and provide reserves to reduce such items identified to their recoverable amounts.

Income Taxes

        Our estimate of income taxes payable, deferred income taxes and the effective tax rate is based on an analysis of many factors including interpretations of federal and state income tax laws, the difference between tax and financial reporting bases and liabilities, estimates of amounts currently due or owed in various jurisdictions, and current accounting standards. We review and update our estimates on a quarterly basis as facts and circumstances change and actual results are known.

        We have generated significant deferred tax assets as a result of goodwill and intangible asset book versus tax differences as well as state net operating loss carryforwards. In assessing the ability to realize these deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the years in which those temporary differences become deductible. We consider the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, excluding those relating to indefinite lived intangible assets, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. As a result of this analysis, we have recorded a valuation allowance against certain of these deferred tax assets.

        Accruals for uncertain tax contingencies,positions, if any, are provided for in accordance with the requirements of ASC 740—Income Taxes. See Note 10 to our audited consolidated financial statements included




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elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information regarding our accounting for income taxes.

Warranty Cost Recognition

        We accrue for estimated warranty costs as sales are recognized and periodically assess the adequacy of the recorded warranty liability and adjust the amount as necessary. Our warranties generally provide, with respect to our snow and ice control equipment, that all material and workmanship will be free from defect for a period of two years after the date of purchase by the




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end-user, and with respect to our parts and accessories purchased separately, that such parts and accessories will be free from defect for a period of one year after the date of purchase by the end-user. Certain snowplows only provide for a one year warranty. We determine the amount of the estimated warranty costs (and our corresponding warranty reserve) based on our prior five years of warranty history utilizing a formula driven by historical warranty expense and applying management's judgment. We adjust our historical warranty costs to take into account unique factors such as the introduction of new products into the marketplace that do not provide a historical warranty record to assess.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

        Our principal sources of cash have been and we expect will continue to be cash from operations and borrowings under our senior credit facilities.

        Our primary uses of cash are to provide working capital, meet debt service requirements, finance capital expenditures, pay dividends under our dividend policy and support our growth, including through potential acquisitions, and for other general corporate purposes. For a description of the seasonality of our working capital rates see "—Seasonality and Year-To-Year Variability."

        Our Board of Directors has adopted a dividend policy that reflects an intention to distribute to our stockholders a regular quarterly cash dividend. The declaration and payment of these dividends to holders of our common stock is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and depends upon many factors, including our financial condition and earnings, legal requirements, taxes and other factors our Board of Directors may deem to be relevant. The terms of our indebtedness may also restrict us from paying cash dividends on our common stock under certain circumstances. As a result of this dividend policy, we may not have significant cash available to meet any large unanticipated liquidity requirements. As a result, we may not retain a sufficient amount of cash to fund our operations or to finance unanticipated capital expenditures or growth opportunities, including acquisitions. Our Board of Directors may, however, amend, revoke or suspend our dividend policy at any time and for any reason.

        As of December 31, 2011,2013, we had liquidity comprised of $39approximately $19.9 million in cash and cash equivalents and borrowing availability of $70approximately $48.3 million under our revolving credit facility. Borrowing availability under our revolving credit facility is governed by a borrowing base, the calculation of which includes cash on hand. Accordingly, use of cash on hand may also result in a reduction in the amount available for borrowing under our revolving credit facility. Furthermore, our revolving credit facility requires us to maintain at least $10.5 million of borrowing availability. We expect that cash on hand, cash generated from operations, as well as available credit under our senior credit facilities will provide adequate funds for the purposes described above for at least the next 12 months.




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Cash Flow Analysis

        Set forth below is summary cash flow information for each of the years ended December 31, 2009, 20102011, 2012 and 2011.2013.

		Year ended December 31,										Year ended December 31,
Cash Flows (in thousands)		2009			2010			2011				2011			2012			2013
Net cash provided by operating activities		$	25,571		$	15,777		$	47,728			$	47,728		$	15,619		$	32,248
Net cash used in investing activities			(8,200	)		(2,783	)		(2,306	)			(2,306	)		(1,366	)		(29,509	)
Net cash used in financing activities			(1,850	)		(61,918	)		(26,139	)			(26,139	)		(29,549	)		(7,011	)
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Increase (Decrease) in cash		$	15,521		$	(48,924	)	$	19,283			$	19,283		$	(15,296	)	$	(4,272	)
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​




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Sources and Uses of Cash

        During the three-year periods described above, net cash provided by operating activities was used for funding capital investment, retiring preferred stock and paying related dividends, paying interest on both our senior notes and senior credit facilities, and funding working capital requirements during our pre-season shipping period.

        The following table shows our cash and cash equivalents and inventories at December 31, 2009, 20102011, 2012 and 2011.2013.

		December 31,										December 31,
		2009			2010			2011				2011			2012			2013
		(in thousands)										(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents		$	69,073		$	20,149		$	39,432			$	39,432		$	24,136		$	19,864
Inventories			26,697			23,481			24,005				24,005			30,292			27,977

Year Ended December 31, 20112013 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 20102012

        We had cash and cash equivalents of $39.4$19.9 million at December 31, 20112013 compared to cash and cash equivalents of $20.1$24.1 million at December 31, 2010.2012. The table below sets forth a summary of the significant sources and uses of cash for the periods presented.

		Year ended December 31,													Year ended December 31,
Cash Flows (in thousands)		2010			2011			Change							2012			2013			Change
Net cash provided by operating activities		$	15,777		$	47,728		$	31,951			202.5	%		$	15,619		$	32,248		$	16,629			106.5	%
Net cash used in investing activities			(2,783	)		(2,306	)		477			(17.1	)%			(1,366	)		(29,509	)		(28,143	)		2,060.2	%
Net cash used in financing activities			(61,918	)		(26,139	)		35,779			(57.8	)%			(29,549	)		(7,011	)		22,538			(76.3	)%
​														​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Increase (Decrease) in cash		$	(48,924	)	$	19,283		$	68,207			(139.4	)%		$	(15,296	)	$	(4,272	)	$	11,024			(72.1	)%
​														​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
​														​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​

        Net cash provided by operating activities increased $32.0$16.6 million from the year ended December 31, 20102012 to the year ended December 31, 2011.2013. The increase in cash provided by operating activities was due to a $9.8$13.8 million increase in net income adjusted for reconciling items. Additionally,The remaining increase in cash provided by operating activities of $5.0 million is attributable to working capital changes. Negatively impacting cash flow was a $16.9 million increase in accounts receivable decline of $3.0 million and accounts payabledriven by better results in the year ending December 31, 2013 as compared to December 31, 2012. Offsetting this increase was a decrease to income tax receivable balance of $2.2 million. Also, positively impacting cash flow were increases in accrued liability balances by $3.8 million both positively influenced operating cash flows. As we paid off the senior notes in 2010,driven by increased accrued interest at the end of 2009 declined in 2010 $5.3incentives. Inventory balances decreased $2.3 million which increased cash used in operating activities in 2010.

        Net cash used in investing activities decreased $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, compared to the corresponding period in 2010. This decrease was due to higher capital expenditures in 2010 to accommodate the increased production demands in Milwaukee, WI and Rockland, ME because of the closure of our Johnson City, TN manufacturing plant.

        Net cash used in financing activities decreased $35.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the corresponding period in 2010. The decrease wasas a result of our repayment of our senior noteshigher sales volumes in the amount of $1502013 positively impacting cash flows. Accounts payable increased $2.3 million in 2010. Offsettingalso positively impacting cash used were net proceeds from the IPO of $63.9 million and borrowings under the credit facility of $40 million in 2010. As we refinanced our term loan in 2011 there was a net impact of $2.2 million in cash provided to us as we borrowed $125.0 million less a $1.3 million discount, offset by debt repayments of $121.5 million. We also paid dividends of $25.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2011, compared to dividends paid of $8.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2010. We also received $1.3 million in 2011 for the exercise of stock options, wheras all options exercised in 2010 were accomplished through "net exercises" that resulted in no cash paid for the exercise price of the options.flows.




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        Net cash used in investing activities increased $28.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to the corresponding period in 2012. This increase was due to the $26.7 million acquisition of the TrynEx business in 2013 and increased capital expenditures in 2013 as compared to 2012 due to preserving cash flow in a historically low snowfall year in 2012.

        Net cash used in financing activities decreased $22.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the corresponding period in 2012. In 2012, we made $11.2 million in repayments of long term debt, including a $10 million voluntary prepayment, refinanced our revolving line of credit and capitalized $0.2 million in deferred financing costs. Meanwhile, in 2013 we made $1.2 million in repayments of long term debt. We also paid dividends of $18.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to dividends paid of $18.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2012. Lastly, we had $13.0 million of outstanding borrowings on the revolver at December 31, 2013 while we had no outstanding revolver borrowings at December 31, 2012.

Year Ended December 31, 20102012 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 20092011

        We had cash and cash equivalents of $20.1$24.1 million at December 31, 20102012 compared to cash and cash equivalents of $69.1$39.4 million at December 31, 2009.2011. The table below sets forth a summary of the significant sources and uses of cash for the periods presented.

		Year ended December 31,													Year ended December 31,
Cash Flows (in thousands)		2009			2010			Change							2011			2012			Change
Net cash provided by operating activities		$	25,571		$	15,777		$	(9,794	)		(38.3	)%		$	47,728		$	15,619		$	(32,109	)		(67.3	)%
Net cash used in investing activities			(8,200	)		(2,783	)		5,417			(66.1	)%			(2,306	)		(1,366	)		940			(40.8	)%
Net cash used in financing activities			(1,850	)		(61,918	)		(60,068	)		3,246.9	%			(26,139	)		(29,549	)		(3,410	)		13.0	%
Increase in cash		$	15,521		$	(48,924	)	$	(64,445	)		(415.2	)%
​														​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Increase (Decrease) in cash															$	19,283		$	(15,296	)	$	(34,579	)		(179.3	)%
​														​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
​														​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​

        Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $9.8$32.1 million from the year ended December 31, 20092011 to the year ended December 31, 2010.2012. The decrease in cash provided by operating activities was due to an $8.1$11.6 decrease in net income caused in part byadjusted for reconciling items. Negatively impacting cash flow were an $8.0 million loss on extinguishment of debt that we recorded when we repaid our senior notes. As we paid off these notes, accrued interest declined $5.3 million, which increased cash used in operating activities. Additionally, accountsincome tax receivable growthbalance at December 31, 2012 of $4.9 million as compared to a $0.4 million payable position at December 31 2011 combining for a net impact of $5.3 million. Also, negatively impacting cash flow were decreases in accrued liability balances by $5.8 million driven by decreased accrued incentive of $3.2 million and accounts payable declinea decrease in accrued sales incentives of $2.3$1.8 million bothInventory balances increased $6.3 million as a result of lower sales volumes in 2012 negatively impacted operatingimpacting cash flows. Slightly offsetting these uses ofadverse cash flow items were an increase in stock based compensation of $3.3accounts receivable, which declined $8.6 million, and lower inventories of $3.2 million. Lower inventory levels have resulted from the closure of our Johnson City, TN location in August 2010.positively influencing operating cash flows.

        Net cash used in investing activities decreased $5.4$0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2010,2012, compared to the corresponding period in 2009, mainly as2011. This decrease was due to lower capital expenditures in 2012 to preserve cash flow in a result of higher than normal capital investments in 2009 of approximately $5.0 million in our manufacturing plants in Milwaukee, WI and Rockland, ME to support the closure of our Johnson City, TN manufacturing facility in August 2010.historically low snowfall year.

        Net cash used in financing activities increased $60.1$3.4 million for the year ended December 31, 20102012 compared to the corresponding period in 2009. The increase was2011. In 2012, we made $11.2 million in repayments of long term debt, including a result$10 million voluntary prepayment, refinanced our revolving line of credit and capitalized $0.2 million in deferred financing costs. In 2011, we refinanced our repaymentterm loan, resulting in a net impact of our senior notes$2.2 million in cash used as we borrowed $125.0 million less a $1.3 million discount and paid and capitalized $3.5 million of deferred financing costs, offset by debt repayments of $122.5 million. We also paid dividends of $25.8 million in the amountyear ended December 31, 2011, compared to dividends paid of $150.0 million. Offsetting cash used$18.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2012, and received $1.3 million in 2011 for the exercise of stock options, whereas no options were net proceeds from the IPOexercised in 2012.




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Future Obligations and Commitments

Contractual Obligations

        We are subject to certain contractual obligations, including long-term debt and related interest. We have net unrecognized tax benefits of $0.3 million as of December 31, 2011.2013. However, we cannot make a reasonably reliable estimate of the period of potential cash settlement of the underlying liabilities, therefore, we have not included unrecognized tax benefits in calculating the obligations set forth in the following table of significant contractual obligations as of December 31, 2011.2013.

(Dollars in thousands)		Total			Less than 1 year			1 - 3 years			3 - 5 years			More than 5 years				Total			Less than 1 year			1 - 3 years			3 - 5 years
Long-term debt(1)		$	122,937		$	11,071		$	2,142		$	2,142		$	107,582			$	110,994		$	971		$	1,942		$	108,081
Interest on long-term debt(2)			44,444			7,399			14,583			13,710			8,752				27,349			6,697			12,605			8,047
​																	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Total contracted cash obligations(3)		$	167,381		$	18,470		$	16,725		$	15,852		$	116,334			$	138,343		$	7,668		$	14,547		$	116,128
​																	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
​																	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​

---

(1)

Long-term debt obligation is presented net of discount of $1.1$0.8 million at December 31, 2011.2013.



(2)

Assumes all debt will remain outstanding until maturity. Interest payments were calculated using interest rates in effect as of December 31, 2011.2013.






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(3)

Pension obligations are excluded from this table as we are unable to estimate the timing of payments related to these obligations. The minimum required contribution to our pension plans was $1.9$0.8 million in 20112013 and is expected to be $2.5$1.4 million in 2012.2014.

Senior Credit Facilities

        On April 18, 2011, we amended ourOur senior credit facilities to, among other things, (i) increase the borrowing ability under the revolving credit agreement by $10 million, and (ii) amend certain of the provisions in the senior credit facilities which govern our ability to pay dividends. Consequently, as of April 18, 2011, our senior credit facilities consistedconsist of a $125$125.0 million term loan facility and a $70an $80.0 million revolving credit facility with a group of banks. The previous term loans consisted of an initial term loan of $85 million and a "tack on" of $40 million, and a $60 million revolving credit facility. Prior to the April 2011 changes to our senior credit facilities, the interest on the original $85 million term loan facility was (at our option) either the base rate (which shall be no less than 3%) plus 3.5% or the eurodollar rate (which shall be no less than 2%) plus 4.5%. The interest for the additional $40 million in our term loan facility was an interest rate equal to (at our option) either the base rate (which shall be no less than 3%) plus 4% or the eurodollar rate (which shall be no less than 2%) plus 5%. Under the previous revolving credit facility, the margin for base rate loans was either 0.25% or 0.50% and the margin for eurodollar rate loans was either 1.25% or 1.50%, in each case determined based on our leverage ratio from time to time.

        The agreement for the new term loan (the "Term Loan Credit Agreement") provides for a senior secured term loan facility in the aggregate principal amount of $125$125.0 million and generally bears interest at (at the our election) either (i) 3.25% per annum plus the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate (as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement) in effect on such day, (b) the weighted average of the rates on overnight Federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System arranged by Federal funds brokers plus 0.50% and (c) 1.00% plus the greater of (1) the London Interbank Offered Rate for a one month interest period multiplied by the Statutory Reserve Rate (as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement) and (2) 1.50% or (ii) 4.25% per annum plus the greater of (a) the London Interbank Offered Rate for the applicable interest period multiplied by the Statutory Reserve Rate and (b) 1.50%.

        The revolving credit facility as amended and restated (the "Revolving Credit and Guaranty Agreement") provides that the we have the option to select whether borrowings will bear interest at either (i) 2.25%1.75% per annum plus the London Interbank Offered Rate for the applicable interest period multiplied by the Statutory Reserve Rate or (ii) 1.25% per annum plus the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the weighted average of the rates on overnight Federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System arranged by Federal funds brokers plus 0.50% and (c) the London Interbank Offered Rate for a one month interest period multiplied by the Statutory Reserve Rate plus 1%. The maturity date for our amended and restated revolving credit facility is April 18, 2016,17, 2017, and our new term loan amortizes in nominal amounts quarterly with the balance payable on April 18, 2018.

        The new term loan entered into in the second quarter of 2011 was issued at a $1.25 million discount which is being amortized over the term of the new term loan.




        Our entry into the new term loan facility resulted in a significant modificationTable of our debt which resulted in the write off of unamortized capitalized deferred financing costs of $0.3 million and write off of unamortized debt discount of $0.3 million which in total resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.7 million in the Consolidated Statement of Income during the year ended December 31, 2011.Contents

        At December 31, 2011,2013, we had nooutstanding borrowings under our term loan of $111.0 million and had $13.0 million in outstanding borrowings on the revolving credit facility and remaining borrowing availability of $70$48.3 million.

        Our senior credit facilities include certain negative and operating covenants, including restrictions on our ability to pay dividends, and other customary covenants, representations and warranties and




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events of default. The senior credit facilities entered into and recorded by our subsidiaries significantly restrict our subsidiaries from paying dividends and otherwise transferring assets to us. The terms of our revolving credit facility specifically restrict subsidiaries from paying dividends if a minimum availability under the revolving credit facility is not maintained, and both senior credit facilities restrict subsidiaries from paying dividends above certain levels or at all if an event of default has occurred. These restrictions would affect us indirectly since we rely principally on distributions from our subsidiaries to have funds available for the payment of dividends. In addition, the our revolving credit facility includes a requirement that, subject to certain exceptions, capital expenditures may not exceed $10 million in any calendar year and, if certain minimum availability under our revolving credit facility is not maintained, that we comply with a monthly minimum fixed charge coverage ratio test of 1.0:1.0. Compliance with the fixed charge coverage ratio test is subject to certain cure rights under the Company'sour revolving credit facility. At December 31, 2011,2013, we were in compliance with the respective covenants.covenants in our senior credit facilities. The credit facilities are collateralized by substantially all assets of our assets.

        In accordance with the senior credit facilities, we are required to make additional principal prepayments over the above scheduled payments under certain conditions. This includes, in the case of the term loan facility, 100% of the net cash proceeds of certain asset sales, certain insurance or condemnation events, certain debt issuances, and, within 150 days of the end of the fiscal year, 50% of excess cash flow, as defined, including a deduction for certain distributions (which percentage is reduced to 25% or 0% upon the achievement of certain leverage ratio thresholds), for any fiscal year. Excess cash flow is defined in the senior credit facilities as consolidated adjusted EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) plus a working capital adjustment less the sum of repayments of debt and capital expenditures subject to certain adjustments, interest and taxes paid in cash, management fees and certain restricted payments (including dividends or distributions). Working capital adjustment is defined in the senior credit facilities as the change in working capital, defined as current assets excluding cash and cash equivalents less current liabilities excluding current portion of long term debt. As of December 31, 2011,2013, we were not required to make an excess cash flow payment. However, the company expects to make a voluntary prepayment of $10 million in 2012.

        Each of the senior secured facilities entered into in the second quarter of 2011 includesinclude a hedge provision, which requiresrequired us to enter into an interest rate hedge commencing 90 days after the closing date. The hedging provision requiredrequires the Company to hedge the interest rate on at least 25% of the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the term loans. The purpose of the interest rate swap is to reduce our exposure to interest rate volatility. Effective June 20, 2011, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a notional amount of $50 million. The interest rate swap negative fair value at December 31, 20112013 of $0.6$0.3 million is included in other long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. We have counterparty credit risk resulting from the interest rate swap, which we monitors on an on-going basis. This risk lies with one global financial institution. Under the interest rate swap agreement, effective as of July 18, 2011, we either receivesreceive or makes payments on a monthly basis based on the differential between 6.335% and LIBOR plus 4.25% (with a LIBOR floor of 1.5%). The interest rate swap contract on the term loan expires in December 2014.

Deductibility of Intangible and Goodwill Expense

        We possess a favorable tax structure with approximately $18$19.5 million of annual tax-deductible intangible and goodwill amortization expense over the next ninefive years which may be utilized in the event we have sufficient taxable income to utilize such benefit.




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Impact of Inflation

        We do not believe that inflation risk is material to our business or our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows at this time. Historically, we have experienced normal raw material, labor and fringe benefit inflation. To date we have been able to fully offset this inflation by providing higher value products, which command higher prices. In previous years, we have experienced significant increases in steel costs, but have been able to mitigate the effects of these increases through both temporary and permanent steel surcharges. See "Risk Factors—The price of steel, a commodity necessary to manufacture our products, is highly variable. If the price of steel increases, our gross margins could decline."

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

        We are not party to any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues, expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Seasonality and Year-To-Year Variability

        Our business is seasonal and also varies from year-to-year. Consequently, our results of operations and financial condition vary from quarter-to-quarter and from year-to-year as well. In addition, because of this seasonality and variability, our results of operations for any quarter may not be indicative of results of operations that may be achieved for a subsequent quarter or the full year, and may not be similar to results of operations experienced in prior years.

        Sales of our products are significantly impacted by the level, timing and location of snowfall, with sales in any given year and region most heavily influenced by snowfall levels in the prior snow season (which we consider to begin in October and end in March) in that region. This is due to the fact that end-user demand for our products is driven primarily by the condition of their snow and ice control equipment, and in the case of professional snowplowers, by their financial ability to purchase new or replacement snow and ice control equipment, both of which are significantly affected by snowfall levels. Heavy snowfall during a given winter causes usage of our products to increase, resulting in greater wear and tear to our products and a shortening of their life cycles, thereby creating a need for replacement snow and ice control equipment and related parts and accessories. In addition, when there is a heavy snowfall in a given winter, the increased income our professional snowplowers generate from their professional snowplow activities provides them with increased purchasing power to purchase replacement snow and ice control equipment prior to the following winter. To a lesser extent, sales of our products are influenced by the timing of snowfall in a given winter. Because an early snowfall can be viewed as a sign of a heavy upcoming snow season, our end-users may respond to an early snowfall by purchasing replacement snow and ice control equipment during the current season rather that delaying purchases until after the season is over when most purchases are typically made by end-users.

        The following chart illustrates the effects of snowfall levels in the snowbelt states in a given winter on the number of units of snow and ice control equipment we shipped in the following year. Snowfall levels represent the aggregate number of inches of snowfall recorded in each of 66 cities in 26 snowbelt states across the Northeast, East, Midwest and Western United States where we have historically monitored snowfall levels. We have historically monitored snowfall levels in these cities because they represent the key metropolitan areas in the states where snowfall is a regular occurrence and coincide with our historical U.S. market. With respect to the calculation of units shipped, each year in the following chart represents the calendar year period from January 1 to December 31. With respect to the calculation of snowfall, each year in the following chart represents the period beginning on October 1 of the prior year and extending through the following March 31. Thus, for example, the number of units shipped in 20012004 represents the total units of snow and ice control equipment we




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shipped from January 1, 20012004 to December 31, 2001,2004, whereas the 20012004 snowfall level reflects snowfall in the snowbelt states in the period from October 1, 20002003 through March 31, 2001.2004. As the chart indicates, heavy snowfall levels in a given winter tend to lead to increased unit shipments of our snow and ice control equipment in the following year, whereas low snowfall levels in a given winter tend to lead to decreased units shipped of our snow and ice control equipment in the following year. Over the past 10 years, our sales of snow and ice control equipment ranged from a low of 40,53834,457 units to a high of 66,043 units, averaging 50,50448,081 units per year (including units sold by Blizzard Corporation prior to its acquisition by us in November 2005).


Equipment Sales Versus Snowfall




---

Note:    This chart is not weighted or adjusted to account for new distributors or increased market size, but does include unit sales attributable to new distributors. Further, snowfall data in this chart is not adjusted for snowfall outside of the 66 cities in the 26 states reflected. Units of equipment sales for years 20022004 through 2005 are adjusted to include units sold by Blizzard Corporation prior to its acquisition by us in November 2005.

Source of snowfall data: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service

        Snowfall levels in any given rolling eight-yearten-year period have been relatively constant. See "Business—Our Industry."

        We attempt to manage the seasonal impact of snowfall on our revenues in part through our pre-season sales program, which involves actively soliciting and encouraging pre-season distributor orders in the second and third quarters by offering our distributors a combination of pricing, payment and freight incentives during this period. These pre-season sales incentives encourage our distributors to re-stock their inventory during the second and third quarters in anticipation of the peak fourth quarter retail sales period by offering favorable pre-season pricing and payment deferral until the fourth quarter. As a result, we tend to generate our greatest volume of sales (an average of over two-thirds over the last ten years) during the second and third quarters, providing us with manufacturing visibility for the remainder of the year. By contrast, our revenue and operating results




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tend to be lowest during the first quarter as management believes our end-users prefer to wait until the beginning of a snow season to purchase new equipment and as our distributors sell off inventory and wait for our pre-season sales incentive period to re-stock inventory. Fourth quarter sales vary from




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year-to-year as they are primarily driven by the level, timing and location of snowfall during the quarter. This is because most of our fourth quarter sales and shipments consist of re-orders by distributors seeking to restock inventory to meet immediate customer needs caused by snowfall during the winter months.

        Our revenue and operating results tend to be lowest during the first quarter, during which period we typically experience negative earnings as the snow season draws to a close. Our first quarter revenue has varied from approximately $8.5 million to approximately $23.5 million between 20072009 and 2011.2013. During the last five-year period, net loss during the first quarter has varied from a net loss of approximately $0.8 million to a net loss of approximately $6.5$5.7 million, with an average net loss of $4.1$3.7 million.

        While our monthly working capital has averaged approximately $90$60 million from 20092011 to 2011,2013, because of the seasonality of our sales, we experience seasonality in our working capital needs as well. In the first quarter we require capital as we are generally required to build our inventory in anticipation of our second and third quarter sales seasons. During the second and third quarters, our working capital requirements rise as our accounts receivables increase as a result of the sale and shipment of products ordered through our pre-season sales program and we continue to build inventory. Working capital requirements peak towards the end of the third quarter (reaching an average peak of approximately $73.0$70.0 million over the prior three years) and then begin to decline through the fourth quarter through a reduction in accounts receivables (as it is in the fourth quarter that we receive a majority of the payments for previously shipped products).

        We also attempt to manage the impact of seasonality and year-to-year variability on our business costs through the effective management of our assets. See "Business—Our Business Strategy—Aggressive Asset Management and Profit Focus." Our asset management and profit focus strategies include:

•

the employment of a highly variable cost structure facilitated by a core group of workers that we supplement with a temporary workforce as sales volumes dictate, which allows us to adjust costs on an as-needed basis in response to changing demand;



•

our enterprise-wide lean concept, which allows us to adjust production levels up or down to meet demand;



•

the pre-season order program described above, which incentivizes distributors to place orders prior to the retail selling season; and



•

a vertically integrated business model.

        These asset management and profit focus strategies, among other management tools, allow us to adjust fixed overhead and sales, general and administrative expenditures to account for the year-to-year variability of our sales volumes. Management currently estimates that annual fixed overhead expenses generally range from approximately $14.0$22.0 million in low sales volume years to approximately $16.0$26.0 million in high sales volume years. Further, management currently estimates that annual sales, general and administrative expenses other than amortization generally approximate $20.0$33.0 million, but can be reduced to approximately $17.0$24.0 million to maximize cash flow in low sales volume years, and can increase to approximately $24.0$36.0 million to maintain customer service and responsiveness in high sales volume years.

        Additionally, although modest, our annual capital expenditure requirements, which are normally budgeted at $3.5$3.0 million, can be temporarily reduced by up to approximately 40% in response to actual




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or anticipated decreases in sales volumes. If we are unsuccessful in our asset management initiatives, the seasonality and year-to-year variability effects on our business may be compounded and in turn our results of operations and financial condition may suffer.




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Item 7A.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk


Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

        We do not use financial instruments for speculative trading purposes, and do not hold any derivative financial instruments that could expose us to significant market risk. Our primary market risk exposures are changes in interest rates and steel price fluctuations.

Interest Rate Risk

        We are exposed to market risk primarily from changes in interest rates. Our borrowings, including our term loan and any revolving borrowings under our senior credit facilities, are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. A portion of our interest rate risk associated with our term loan is mitigated through an interest rate swap as discussed in Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, the interest rate on any revolving borrowings is subject to an increase in the interest rate based on our average daily availability under our revolving credit facility.

        As of December 31, 2011,2013, we had outstanding borrowings under our term loan of $122.9$111.0 million. A hypothetical interest rate change of 1%, 1.5% and 2% on our term loan would have changed interest incurred for the year ended December 31, 20112013 by $0.1$0.0 million, $0.2 million and $0.7$0.5 million, respectively. We have entered into an interest rate swap, which became effective beginning July 2011 and matures December 2014, to hedge the variability in future cash flows associated with our variable-rate term loans. The swap converts $50.0 million of our term loan to a fixed interest rate of 2.085%. As of December 31, 2011,2013, we had no outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility.facility of $13.0 million. A hypothetical interest rate change of 1%, 1.5% and 2% on our revolving credit facility would have changed interest incurred for the year ended December 31, 2013 by $0.2 million, $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

Commodity Price Risk

        In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risk related to our purchase of steel, the primary commodity upon which our manufacturing depends. While steel is typically available from numerous suppliers, the price of steel is a commodity subject to fluctuations that apply across broad spectrums of the steel market. We do not use any derivative or hedging instruments to manage the price risk. If the price of steel increases, our variable costs could also increase. While historically we have successfully mitigated these increased costs through the implementation of either permanent price increases and/or temporary invoice surcharges, in the future we may not be able to successfully mitigate these costs, which could cause our gross margins to decline. If our costs for steel were to increase by $1.00 in a period in which we were not able to pass any of this increase onto our distributors, our gross margins would decline by $1.00 in that period.

Item 8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data


        The financial statements are included in this report beginning on page F-3.

Item 9.    Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures


None




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Item 9A.    Controls and Procedures


Disclosure Controls and Procedures

        Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (the "Evaluation") as of the last day of the period covered by this report.




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        Based upon the Evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the last day of the period covered by this report.December 31, 2013. Disclosure controls and procedures are defined by Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act") as controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

        It should be noted that the design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving ourits stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote.

Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

        Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of our published financial statements.

        All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

        Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011.2013. As allowed by the Securities and Exchange Commission guidance, management excluded from its assessment Trynex International LLC, which was acquired in 2013 and constituted 8.6% and 15.1% of total and net assets, respectively as of December 31, 2013, and 6.6% and (19.0%) of net sales and net income, respectively, for the year then ended. In making this assessment, it used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") inInternal Control—Integrated Framework.Framework (1992 framework). Based on its assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2011,2013, our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.

        Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and, as part of its audit, has issued an attestation report, included herein, on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.reporting at December 31, 2013.




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Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

        During the last fiscal quarter of the period covered by this report, there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect such controls.

Item 9B.    Other Information


        None




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PART III


Item 10.    Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance


        The information included under the captions "Election of Directors," "Board of Directors and Corporate Governance" and "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" in the Company's definitive proxy statement, which is expected to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days following the end of the fiscal year covered by this report (the "Proxy Statement"), is hereby incorporated by reference. The information required by Item 10 with respect to our Executive Officers is included in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

        We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, as well as all of our employees. We have posted a copy of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics on our website at www.douglasdynamics.com. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is also available in print to any stockholder who requests it in writing from the Corporate Secretary at 7777 North 73rd Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53223. We intend to post on our website any amendments to, or waivers (with respect to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and controller) from, the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics within four business days of any such amendment or waiver. We are not including the information contained on our website as part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this report.

Item 11.    Executive Compensation


        The information required in Item 11 is incorporated by reference to the information in the Proxy Statement under the captions "Corporate Governance—Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation," "Compensation Discussion and Analysis", "Executive Compensation," "Director Compensation" and "Compensation Committee Report."

Item 12.    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters


        The information required in Item 12 is incorporated by reference to the information in the Proxy Statement under the captions "Corporate Governance—Significant Stockholders" and "—Executive Officers and Directors."

Item 13.    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence


        The information required in Item 13 is incorporated by reference to the information in the Proxy Statement under the caption "Corporate Governance."




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Item 14.    Principal Accounting Fees and Services


        The information required in Item 14 is incorporated by reference to the information in the Proxy Statement under the caption "Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm."




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PART IV


Item 15.    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules


(a)

Documents filed as part of this report:



1.

Consolidated Financial Statements:

        See "Index to Consolidated Financial Statements" on page F-1, the Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on page F-2 and F-3 and the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page F-4, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

2.

Financial Statement Schedule:

        All schedules have been omitted because the information required in these schedules is included in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

3.

Exhibits:

        See "Exhibit Index" of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.




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Signatures


        Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on this 1311^th day of March, 2012.2014.

		DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, INC.
		By:		/s/ JAMES JANIK James L. Janik President and Chief Executive Officer

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on March 13, 2012.11, 2014.

/s/ JAMES L. JANIK James L. Janik		President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Director
/s/ ROBERT L. MCCORMICK Robert L. McCormick		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ ROBERT J. YOUNG Robert J. Young		Corporate Controller and Treasurer (Controller)
/s/ MARGARET S. DANO Margaret S. Dano		Director
/s/ KENNETH W. KRUEGER Kenneth W. Krueger		Director
/s/ JAMES L. PACKARD James L. Packard		Director
/s/ JACK O. PEIFFER Jack O. Peiffer		Director
/s/ JAMES D. STALEY James D. Staley		Director
/s/ DONALD W. STURDIVANT Donald W. Sturdivant		Director
/s/ MICHAEL W. WICKHAM Michael W. Wickham		Director




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Exhibit Index


Exhibit Number			Title
	3.12.1		Asset Purchase Agreement, dated May 6, 2013 by and between Acquisition Tango LLC, TrynEx, Inc. and shareholders of Trynex, Inc. named therein [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 6, 2013 (File No. 001-34728)].
	2.2		First Amendment, dated August 6, 2013, to the Asset Purchase Agreement dated May 6, 2013 by and between TrynEx International LLC, Apex International, Inc. and shareholders of Apex International,  Inc. named therein [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 5, 2013 (File No. 001-34728)].
	3.1		Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Douglas Dynamics, Inc. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	3.2
	3.2		Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of Douglas Dynamics, Inc. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590) ].].
	10.1
	10.1		Amended and Restated Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of April 18, 2011, among Douglas Dynamics, L.L.C., Douglas Dynamics Finance Company and Fisher, LLC, as borrowers, Douglas Dynamics, Inc., as guarantor, the banks and financial institutions listed therein, as lenders, J.P.MorganJ.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as sole bookrunner and sole lead arranger, JP MorganJPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent, and Wells Fargo Capital Finance, LLC, as syndication agent [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 20, 2011 (File No. 001-34728)].
	10.2
	10.2		Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of April 18, 2011, among Douglas Dynamics, L.L.C., as borrower, Douglas Dynamics, Inc., Douglas Dynamics Finance Company and Fisher, LLC, as guarantors, the banks and financial institutions listed therein, as lenders, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, as joint bookrunners and joint lead arrangers, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as collateral agent and administrative agent, and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, as syndication agent Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 20, 2011 (File No. 001-34728)].
	10.3		First Amendment, dated as of November 9, 2012, to the Amended and Restated Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of April 18, 2011, among Douglas Dynamics, L.L.C., Douglas Dynamics Finance Company and Fisher, LLC, as borrowers, Douglas Dynamics, Inc., as guarantor, the banks and financial institutions listed therein, as lenders, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as sole bookrunner and sole lead arranger, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 9, 2012 (File No. 001-34728)].
	10.3 10.4	#	Employment Agreement between Robert McCormick and Douglas Dynamics, Inc., dated September 7, 2004, as amended by that certain amendment, dated as of October 1, 2008 [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].




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Exhibit Number			Title
	10.410.5	#	Form of Amendment No. 2 to Employment Agreement between Robert McCormick and Douglas Dynamics, Inc. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	10.6
	10.5	#	Employment Agreement between James L. Janik and Douglas Dynamics, Inc., dated March 30, 2004 [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	10.7
	10.6	#	Form of Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement between James L. Janik and Douglas Dynamics, Inc. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	10.9
	10.7	#	Employment Agreement between Mark Adamson and Douglas Dynamics, Inc., dated August 27, 2007 [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	10.10
	10.9	#	Form of Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement between Mark Adamson and Douglas Dynamics, Inc. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	10.11




Table of Contents

Exhibit Number			Title
	10.10	#	Douglas Dynamics, Inc. Amended and Restated 2004 Stock Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	10.12
	10.11	#	Form of Amended and Restated Management Incentive Option Agreement under Douglas Dynamics, Inc. Amended and Restated 2004 Stock Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to Douglas Dynamics,  Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	10.13
	10.12	#	Form of Management Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under Douglas Dynamics, Inc. 2004 Stock Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	10.14
	10.13	#	Form of Amended and Restated Management Non-Qualified Option Agreement under Douglas Dynamics, Inc. Amended and Restated 2004 Stock Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	10.15
	10.14	#	Form of Non-Employee Director Non-Qualified Option Agreement under Douglas Dynamics, Inc. 2004 Stock Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	10.16
	10.15	#	Form of Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Non-Qualified Option Agreement under Douglas Dynamics, Inc. Amended and Restated 2004 Stock Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	10.17
	10.16	#	Amended and Restated Management Incentive Option Agreement under Douglas Dynamics, Inc. 2004 Stock Incentive Plan between Douglas Dynamics, Inc. and James L. Janik, dated March 31, 2004 [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].




Table of Contents

Exhibit Number			Title
	10.1710.18	#	Form of Second Amended and Restated Management Incentive Option Agreement under Douglas Dynamics, Inc. Amended and Restated 2004 Stock Incentive Plan between Douglas Dynamics, Inc. and James L. Janik [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	10.19
	10.18	#	Amended and Restated Non-Qualified Option Agreement under Douglas Dynamics, Inc. 2004 Stock Incentive Plan between Douglas Dynamics, Inc. and James L. Janik, dated March 31, 2004 [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	10.20
	10.19	#	Form of Second Amended and Restated Non-Qualified Option Agreement under Douglas Dynamics, Inc. Amended and Restated 2004 Stock Incentive Plan between Douglas Dynamics, Inc. and James L. Janik [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	10.21
	10.20	#	Form of Amended and Restated Deferred Stock Unit Agreement [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590) ].
	10.22
	10.21	#	Douglas Dynamics 20112012 Annual Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2012 (File No. 001-34728)].
	10.23




Table of Contents

Exhibit Number			Title
	10.22	#	Douglas Dynamics, L.L.C. Long Term Incentive Plan 2009 [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590) ].
	10.24
	10.23	#	Douglas Dynamics, Inc. 2010 Stock Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590) ].
	10.25
	10.24	#	Form of Restricted Stock Agreement under Douglas Dynamics, Inc. 2010 Stock Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	10.26
	10.25	#	Alternative Form of Restricted Stock Agreement under Douglas Dynamics, Inc. 2010 Stock Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	10.27
	10.26	#	Form of Restricted Stock Units Agreement under Douglas Dynamics, Inc. 2010 Stock Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	10.28
	10.27	#	Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement under Douglas Dynamics, Inc. 2010 Stock Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	10.29
	10.28	#	Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under 2010 Stock Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].




Table of Contents

Exhibit Number			Title
	10.2910.30	#	Form of Restricted Stock Grant Notice and Standard Terms and Conditions under the Douglas Dynamics, Inc. 2010 Stock Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 30, 2010 (File No. 001-34728)].
	10.31
	10.30	#	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice and Standard Terms and Conditions under the Douglas Dynamics, Inc. 2010 Stock Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Douglas Dynamics,  Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 30, 2010 (File No. 001-34728)].
	10.32
	10.31	#	Form of Nonemployee Director Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice and Standard Terms and Conditions under the Douglas Dynamics, Inc. 2010 Stock Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 30, 2010 (File No. 001-34728)].
	10.33
	10.32	#	Form of Second Amended and Restated Joint Management Services Agreement among Douglas Dynamics, Inc., Douglas Dynamics, L.L.C., Aurora Management Partners LLC, and ACOF Management, L.P. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.42 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590)].
	10.34
	10.33	#	Form of Director and Officer Indemnification Agreement [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164590) ].
	10.35	#
	10.34	#*	Douglas Dynamics Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2011.]
	10.36	#	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under Douglas Dynamics, Inc. 2010 Stock Incentive Plan. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2012.]
	21.1 10.37	#	Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement under Douglas Dynamics, Inc. 2010 Stock Incentive Plan. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2012.]
	10.38	#*	Douglas Dynamics 2014 Annual Incentive Plan.
	10.39		Real Estate Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated May 6, 2013, by and between Dynamex Properties LLC and Acquisition Tango LLC [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Douglas Dynamics,  Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 6, 2013 (File No. 001-34728)].
	10.40	#	Form of Nonemployee Director Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice and Standard Terms and Conditions under Douglas Dynamics, Inc. 2010 Stock Incentive Plan. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2013 (File No. 001-34728)].
	21.1	*	Subsidiaries of Douglas Dynamics, Inc.
	23.1	*	Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
	31.1	*	Certification of the Company's Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.




Table of Contents

Exhibit Number			Title
	23.1	*	Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
	31.1	*	Certification of the Company's Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
	31.2	*	Certification of the Company's Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
	32.1
	32.1	*	Certification of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
	99.1
	99.1		Proxy Statement for the 20122014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders [To be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under Regulation 14A within 120 days after December 31, 2011;2014; except to the extent specifically incorporated by reference, the Proxy Statement for the 20122014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders shall not be deemed to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K]
	101.INS
	101.1		XBRL Instance Document
	101.SCH
	101.2		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
	101.CAL
	101.3		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
	101.DEF
	101.4		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
	101.LAB
	101.5		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
	101.PRE
	101.6		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

---

#

A management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.



*

Filed herewith.




Table of Contents


Index to Consolidated Financial Statements


		Page
Consolidated Financial Statements
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm			F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets			F-4F-5
Consolidated Statements of Income			F-5F-6
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income			F-7
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity			F-6F-8
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows			F-7F-9
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements			F-8F-10




Table of Contents


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm


The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

        We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Douglas Dynamics, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 20112013 and 2010,2012, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011.2013. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

        We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

        In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Douglas Dynamics, Inc. at December 31, 20112013 and 2010,2012, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011,2013, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

        We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011,2013, based on criteria established inInternal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (1992 framework) and our report dated March 13, 201211, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Milwaukee, Wisconsin March 13, 2012		/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Milwaukee, Wisconsin
March 11, 2014




Table of Contents


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm


The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

        We have audited Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011,2013, based on criteria established inInternal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (1992 framework) (the COSO criteria). Douglas Dynamics, Inc.'s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

        We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

        A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

        Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

        As indicated in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management's assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of TrynEx, Inc., which is included in the 2013 consolidated financial statements of Douglas Dynamics, Inc. and constituted 8.6% and 15.1% of total and net assets, respectively, as of December 31, 2013 and 6.6% and (19.0)% of net sales and net income, respectively, for the year then ended. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of Douglas Dynamics, Inc. also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of TrynEx, Inc.




Table of Contents

In our opinion, Douglas Dynamics, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011,2013, based on the COSO criteria.

        We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Douglas Dynamics, Inc. as of December 31, 20112013 and 2010,2012, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 20112013 and our report dated March 13, 2012,11, 2014, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/Ernst & Young LLP

		/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Milwaukee, WIWisconsin
March 13, 201211, 2014




Table of Contents


DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)


		December 31, 2011			December 31, 2010				December 31, 2013			December 31, 2012
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	39,432		$	20,149			$	19,864		$	24,136
Accounts receivable, net			34,019			37,040				42,343			25,425
Inventories			24,005			23,481				27,977			30,292
Refundable income taxes paid										2,648			4,870
Deferred income taxes			4,952			7,142				4,223			3,710
Prepaid income taxes			—			29
Prepaid and other current assets			1,054			1,131				1,317			1,149
​								​		​	​		​	​
Total current assets			103,462			88,972				98,372			89,582
Property, plant, and equipment, net			21,340			21,962
Property, plant and equipment, net										24,866			19,887
Assets held for sale			1,732			1,779				1,085			1,732
Goodwill			107,222			107,222				113,132			107,222
Other intangible assets, net			121,747			126,948				123,422			116,548
Deferred financing costs, net			3,402			953				2,216			2,794
Other long-term assets			112			207				1,246			606
​								​		​	​		​	​
Total assets		$	359,017		$	348,043			$	364,339		$	338,371
​								​		​	​		​	​
​								​		​	​		​	​
Liabilities and shareholders' equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable		$	5,040		$	2,847			$	7,709		$	5,370
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			15,755			11,923				14,418			10,329
Accrued interest			350			23
Income taxes payable			395			—
Short-term borrowings										13,000			—
Current portion of long-term debt			11,071			1,183				971			971
​								​		​	​		​	​
Total current liabilities			32,611			15,976				36,098			16,670
Retiree health benefit obligation			8,053			7,235				4,654			6,541
Pension obligation			14,163			10,753				7,077			14,401
Deferred income taxes			26,957			22,650				45,046			33,805
Deferred compensation			912			1,067				658			756
Long-term debt, less current portion			111,866			119,971				110,023			110,995
Other long-term liabilities			1,066			898				5,462			1,471
Shareholders' equity:
Common Stock, par value $0.01, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 22,020,694 and 21,579,655 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively			220			216
Common Stock, par value $0.01, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 22,223,454 and 22,130,996 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively										222			221
Additional paid-in capital			130,907			127,695				135,498			133,072
Shareholders' notes receivable			—			(482	)
Retained earnings			39,742			46,495				20,463			27,523
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax			(7,480	)		(4,431	)			(862	)		(7,084	)
​								​		​	​		​	​
Total shareholders' equity			163,389			169,493				155,321			153,732
​								​		​	​		​	​
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity		$	359,017		$	348,043			$	364,339		$	338,371
​								​		​	​		​	​
​								​		​	​		​	​

   

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements




Table of Contents


DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)


												Years ended December 31,
		2011			2010			2009				2013			2012			2011
Net sales		$	208,798		$	176,795		$	174,342			$	194,320		$	140,033		$	208,798
Cost of sales			136,981			116,494			117,264				128,670			96,070			136,981
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Gross profit			71,817			60,301			57,078				65,650			43,963			71,817
Selling, general, and administrative expense			26,389			26,509			20,085				31,872			19,895			26,435
Intangibles amortization			5,201			6,001			6,161				5,625			5,199			5,201
Management fees-related party			46			6,383			1,393
Impairment of assets held for sale													647			—			—
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Income from operations			40,181			21,408			29,439				27,506			18,869			40,181
Interest expense, net			(8,918	)		(10,943	)		(15,520	)			(8,328	)		(8,393	)		(8,918	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt			(673	)		(7,967	)		—				—			—			(673	)
Other income (expense), net			(218	)		36			(90	)
Other expense, net													(161	)		(320	)		(218	)
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Income before taxes			30,372			2,534			13,829				19,017			10,156			30,372
Income tax expense			11,332			872			3,986				7,378			4,144			11,332
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Net income		$	19,040		$	1,662		$	9,843			$	11,639		$	6,012		$	19,040
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Less: Net income attributable to participating securities			233			12			—				179			69			233
��
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Net income attributable to common shareholders												$	11,460		$	5,943		$	18,807
Net income attributable to common shareholders		$	18,807		$	1,650		$	9,843
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Earnings per share:
Basic earnings per common share attributable to common shareholders		$	0.87		$	0.09		$	0.68			$	0.52		$	0.27		$	0.87
Earnings per common share assuming dilution attributable to common shareholders		$	0.85		$	0.09		$	0.67			$	0.51		$	0.26		$	0.85
Cash dividends declared and paid per share		$	1.18		$	0.38		$	0.00			$	0.84		$	0.82		$	1.18

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements




Table of Contents


DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In Thousands)


		Years ended December 31,
		2013			2012			2011
Net income		$	11,639		$	6,012		$	19,040
Adjustment for pension and postretirement benefit liability, net of tax of ($3,838) in 2013, ($219) in 2012 and $1,560 in 2011			6,062			349			(2,658	)
Adjustment for interest rate swap, net of tax of ($102) in 2013, ($30) in 2012, and $230 in 2011			160			47			(391	)
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Comprehensive income		$	17,861		$	6,408		$	15,991
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​

   

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements




Table of Contents

DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, INC.


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY


(Dollars In Thousands)

		Redeemable Securities																																											Common Stock															Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
		Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock																																																	Additional Paid-in Capital			Shareholders' Notes Receivable			Retained Earnings
								Series B Redeemable Preferred						Series C Redeemable Preferred																															Shares			Dollars																Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
																				Common Stock															Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
																										Additional Paid-in Capital			Shareholders' Notes Receivable			Retained Earnings									Comprehensive Income (Loss)
		Shares			Dollars			Shares			Dollars			Shares			Dollars			Shares			Dollars																Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance at December 31, 2008			—		$	—			1		$	1			1		$	1			14,454,369		$	144		$	60,378		$	(1,116	)	$	43,212		$	(4,559	)
Net income			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			9,843			—			9,843		$	9,843
Adjustment for pension and postretirement benefit liability, net of tax of $365			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			622			622			622
Interest on shareholders' notes receivable			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(34	)		—			—			(34	)		—
Stock repurchases and retirement			—			—			—			—			—			—			(32,633	)		—			(405	)		137			—			—			(268	)		—
Balance at December 31, 2009			—		$	—			1		$	1			1		$	1			14,421,736		$	144		$	59,973		$	(1,013	)	$	53,055		$	(3,937	)	$	108,222		$	10,465
Net income			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			1,662			—			1,662		$	1,662
Dividends paid			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(8,222	)		—			(8,222	)		—
Adjustment for pension and postretirement benefit liability, net of tax of $327			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(494	)		(494	)		(494	)
Interest on shareholders' notes receivable			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(28	)		—			—			(28	)		—
Issuance and sales of common stock by Company through IPO			—			—			—			—			—			—			6,500,000			65			63,864			—			—			—			63,929			—
Issuance of non-vested common stock in connection with IPO			—			—			—			—			—			—			208,130			2			(2	)		—			—			—			—			—
Shares issued for options exercised in connection with IPO			—			—			—			—			—			—			180,567			2			1,659			—			—			—			1,661			—
Fractional shares repurchased and retired in connection with IPO			—			—			—			—			—			—			(7	)		—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Stock repurchases and retirement			—			—			(1	)		(1	)		(1	)		(1	)											559						—			559			—
Deferred stock units converted			—			—			—			—			—			—			174,229			2			(2	)		—			—			—			—			—
Stock option exercises			—			—			—			—			—			—			95,000			1			1,067			—			—			—			1,068
Stock based compensation			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			1,136			—			—			—			1,136			—
Balance at December 31, 2010			—		$	—			—		$	—			—		$	—			21,579,655		$	216		$	127,695		$	(482	)	$	46,495		$	(4,431	)	$	169,493		$	1,168				21,579,655		$	216		$	127,695		$	(482	)	$	46,495		$	(4,431	)	$	169,493
​																																												​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Net income			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			19,040			—			19,040			19,040				—			—			—			—			19,040			—			19,040
Dividends paid			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(25,793	)		—			(25,793	)		—				—			—			—			—			(25,793	)		—			(25,793	)
Adjustment for pension and postretirement benefit liability, net of tax of $1,560			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(2,658	)		(2,658	)		(2,658	)			—			—			—			—			—			(2,658	)		(2,658	)
Adjustment for interest rate swap, net of tax of $230			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(391	)		(391	)		(391	)			—			—			—			—			—			(391	)		(391	)
Interest on shareholders' notes receivable			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(7	)		—			—			(7	)		—				—			—			—			(7	)		—			—			(7	)
Repayment of shareholders' note receivable			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			489			—			—			489			—				—			—			—			489			—			—			489
Shares issued for options exercised			—			—			—			—			—			—			319,383			3			1,340			—			—			—			1,343			—				319,383			3			1,340			—			—			—			1,343
Stock based compensation			—			—			—			—			—			—			121,656			1			1,872			—			—			—			1,873			—				121,656			1			1,872			—			—			—			1,873
​																																												​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Balance at December 31, 2011			—		$	—			—		$	—			—		$	—			22,020,694		$	220		$	130,907		$	—		$	39,742		$	(7,480	)	$	163,389		$	15,991				22,020,694		$	220		$	130,907		$	—		$	39,742		$	(7,480	)	$	163,389
​																																												​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Net income																																														—			—			—			—			6,012			—			6,012
Dividends paid																																														—			—			—			—			(18,231	)		—			(18,231	)
Adjustment for pension and postretirement benefit liability, net of tax of ($219)																																														—			—			—			—			—			349			349
Adjustment for interest rate swap, net of tax of ($30)																																														—			—			—			—			—			47			47
Stock based compensation																																														110,302			1			2,165			—			—			—			2,166
​																																												​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Balance at December 31, 2012																																														22,130,996		$	221		$	133,072		$	—		$	27,523		$	(7,084	)	$	153,732
​																																												​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Net income																																														—			—			—			—			11,639			—			11,639
Dividends paid																																														—			—			—			—			(18,699	)		—			(18,699	)
Adjustment for pension and postretirement benefit liability, net of tax of ($3,838)																																														—			—			—			—			—			6,062			6,062
Adjustment for interest rate swap, net of tax of ($102)																																														—			—			—			—			—			160			160
Shares withheld on restricted stock vesting																																														—			—			(160	)		—			—			—			(160	)
Stock based compensation																																														92,458			1			2,586			—			—			—			2,587
​																																												​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Balance at December 31, 2013																																														22,223,454		$	222		$	135,498		$	—		$	20,463		$	(862	)	$	155,321
​																																												​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
​																																												​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements




Table of Contents


DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In Thousands)


												Years ended December 31,
		2011			2010			2009				2013			2012			2011
Operating activities
Net income		$	19,040		$	1,662		$	9,843			$	11,639		$	6,012		$	19,040
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization			8,176			11,705			11,958				8,693			8,018			8,176
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount			832			872			1,209				758			955			832
Loss on extinguishment of debt			673			7,967			—				—			—			673
Loss recognized on impairment of assets held for sale													647			—			—
Stock-based compensation			1,873			4,029			732				2,587			2,166			1,873
Provision for losses on accounts receivable			47			445			133				329			259			47
Deferred income taxes			6,497			641			1,810				10,728			8,090			6,497
Earnout liability													3,951			—			—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable			2,974			(5,313	)		(3,717	)			(16,643	)		8,335			2,974
Inventories			(524	)		3,216			2,105				6,445			(6,287	)		(524	)
Prepaid and other assets and prepaid income taxes			201			1,437			(776	)
Prepaid and other assets and refundable income taxes													1,717			(5,459	)		201
Accounts payable			2,193			(2,323	)		218				1,559			330			2,193
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			4,554			(7,201	)		1,127				2,885			(6,171	)		4,554
Deferred compensation			(155	)		(415	)		(162	)			(98	)		(156	)		(155	)
Benefit obligations and other long-term liabilities			1,347			(945	)		1,091				(2,949	)		(473	)		1,347
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Net cash provided by operating activities			47,728			15,777			25,571				32,248			15,619			47,728
Investing activities
Capital expenditures			(2,373	)		(3,009	)		(8,200	)			(2,775	)		(1,446	)		(2,373	)
Proceeds from sale of equipment			67			226			—				—			80			67
Acquisition of Trynex													(26,734	)		—			—
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Net cash used in investing activities			(2,306	)		(2,783	)		(8,200	)			(29,509	)		(1,366	)		(2,306	)
Financing activities
Stock repurchases			—			(166	)		(1,000	)
Shares withheld on restricted stock vesting paid for employees' taxes													(160	)		—			—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options			1,343			—			—				—			—			1,343
Payment of call premium and post payoff interest on senior notes redemption			—			(3,876	)		—
Collection of shareholders' notes receivable			482			531			—				—			—			482
Payments of financing costs			(3,471	)		(2,605	)		—				—			(168	)		(3,471	)
Proceeds from initial public offering, net			—			63,929			—
Borrowings on long-term debt			123,750			40,000			—				—			—			123,750
Dividends paid			(25,793	)		(8,222	)		—				(18,699	)		(18,231	)		(25,793	)
Revolver borrowings													13,000			—			—
Repayment of long-term debt			(122,450	)		(151,509	)		(850	)			(1,152	)		(11,150	)		(122,450	)
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Net cash used in financing activities			(26,139	)		(61,918	)		(1,850	)			(7,011	)		(29,549	)		(26,139	)
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Change in cash and cash equivalents			19,283			(48,924	)		15,521				(4,272	)		(15,296	)		19,283
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year			20,149			69,073			53,552				24,136			39,432			20,149
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year		$	39,432		$	20,149		$	69,073			$	19,864		$	24,136		$	39,432
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Income taxes paid		$	2,479		$	1,663		$	1,895			$	2,355		$	1,558		$	2,479
Interest paid		$	7,767		$	16,886		$	14,410			$	7,597		$	7,435		$	7,767

   

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 20092011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)


1. Description of business and basis of presentation

        Douglas Dynamics, Inc., (the "Company") is the North American leader in the design, manufacture and sale of snow and ice control equipment for light trucks, which is comprised of snowplows and sand and salt spreaders, and related parts and accessories. The Company's snow and ice control products are sold through a network of over 7202,100 points of sale. Direct points of shipment are predominantly through North American truck equipment and lawn care equipment distributors. Most of our distributors that purchase directly from the Company and are located throughout the snowbeltsnow belt regions in North America (primarily the Midwest, East and Northeast regions of the United States as well as all provinces of Canada). The Company sells its products under the WESTERN®, FISHER®, BLIZZARD®, SNOWEX®, TURFEX® and BLIZZARD® brands.SWEEPEX® brands which are among the most established and recognized in the industry. The Company is headquartered in Milwaukee, WI and currently has manufacturing facilities in Milwaukee, WI, Rockland, ME, and Rockland, ME.Madison Heights, MI. The Company closed its Johnson City, TN facility in August 2010.2010 which it currently is holding for sale. The Company operates as a single segment.

        On May 20, 2011 and December 6, 2011, certain of the stockholders of the Company, including affiliates of Aurora Capital Group and Ares Management, closed registered secondary offerings of 5,750,000 and 1,996,479 shares, respectively, of the Company's common stock. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the sale of its stock by the selling stockholders in the offerings.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of consolidation

        The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Douglas Dynamics, Inc. and its direct wholly-owned subsidiary, Douglas Dynamics, L.L.C., and its indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, Douglas Dynamics Finance Company (an inactive subsidiary) and Fisher, LLC (hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Company"). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of estimates

        The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

        The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.

Accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts

        The Company carries its accounts receivable at their face amount less an allowance for doubtful accounts. The majority of the Company's accounts receivable are due from distributors of truck equipment. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of a customer's financial condition. On a




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

periodic basis, the Company evaluates its accounts receivable and establishes the allowance for doubtful accounts based on a combination of specific customer circumstances and credit conditions based on a history of write-offs and collections. A receivable is considered past due if payments have not been




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

received within agreed upon invoice terms. Accounts receivable are written off after all collection efforts have been exhausted. The Company takes a security interest in the inventory as collateral for the receivable but often does not have a priority security interest.

Financing program

        The Company is party to a financing program in which certain distributors may elect to finance their purchases from the Company through a third party financing company. The Company provides the third party financing company recourse against the Company regarding the collectability of the receivable under the program due to the fact that if the third party financing company is unable to collect from the distributor the amounts due in respect of the product financed, the Company would be obligated to repurchase any remaining inventory related to the product financed and reimburse any legal fees incurred by the financing company. During the years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 2009,2011, distributors financed purchases of $2,752, $1,696$2,926, $1,579 and $3,269$2,752 through this financing program, respectively. At both December 31, 20112013 and December 31, 2012, there were $55$0 of uncollectible outstanding receivables related to sales financed under the financing program, all of which is fully reserved for in the allowance for doubtful accounts. There were no outstanding or uncollectible amounts related to sales financed under the financing program for the years ended December 31, 2010.program. The amount owed by our distributors to the third party financing company under this program at December 31, 20112013 and 20102012 was $1,714$1,300 and $1,267,$943, respectively. The Company was required to repurchase repossessed inventory of $41, $91$0, $233, and $19$41 for the years ended December 31, 2011,2013, December 31, 20102012 and December 31, 2009,2011, respectively.

        In the past, minimal losses have been incurred under this agreement. However, an adverse change in distributor retail sales could cause this situation to change and thereby require the Company to repurchase repossessed units. Any repossessed units are inspected to ensure they are current, unused product and are restocked and resold.

Interest Rate Swap

        As required by the new debt agreement the Company entered into in the second quarter of 2011, the Company entered into an interest-rate swap agreement to hedge against the potential impact on earnings from increases in market interest rates. Under the interest rate swap agreement, effective as of July 18, 2011 the Company either receives or makes payments on a monthly basis based on the differential between 6.335% and LIBOR plus 4.25% (with a LIBOR floor of 1.5%). See Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive income (loss) for treatment of gains and losses on the interest rate swap agreement.

Inventories

        Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Market is determined based on estimated realizable values. Inventory costs are primarily determined by the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. The Company periodically reviews its inventory for slow moving, damaged and discontinued items and provides reserves to reduce such items identified to their recoverable amounts.




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 20092011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Company periodically reviews our inventory for slow moving, damaged and discontinued items and provides reserves to reduce such items identified to their recoverable amounts.

Property, plant and equipment

        Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using straight-line methods over the estimated useful lives for financial statement purposes and an accelerated method for income tax reporting purposes. The estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:

		Years
Land improvements and buildings			15 - 40
Machinery and equipment			3 - 20
Furniture and fixtures			3 - 12
Mobile equipment and other			3 - 10

        Depreciation expense was $2,975, $5,704,$3,068, $2,819, and $5,797$2,975 for the years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 2009,2011, respectively.

        Expenditures for renewals and improvements that significantly add to the productive capacity or extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations when incurred. Repairs and maintenance expenses amounted to $4,025, $2,909$3,509, $2,855 and $3,079$4,025 for the years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 2009,2011, respectively. When assets are sold or retired, the cost of the asset and the related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss is recognized in the results of operations.

Impairment of long-lived assets

        Long-lived assets are reviewed for potential impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparison of the carrying value of such assets to the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. If the carrying value of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment provision is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value of the asset, less costs of disposition. Management of the Company considers such factors as current results, trends and future prospects, current market value, and other economic and regulatory factors in performing these analyses. The Company determined that no long-lived assets were impaired as of December 31, 20112013 and 2010.2012.

Goodwill and other intangible assets

        Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter,as of December 31, or sooner if impairment indicators arise. The fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets is estimated based upon a market approach. In reviewing goodwill for impairment, potential impairment is identified by comparing the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. The




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Company has determined it has one reporting unit. When the fair value is less than the carrying value of the net assets of the reporting unit, including goodwill, an impairment loss may be




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

recognized. The Company has determined that goodwill and indefinite lived assets were not impaired as of December 31, 20112013 and 2010.2012.

        Intangible assets with estimable useful lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives and alsoare reviewed at least annually for potential impairment or aswhen events or circumstances arise.indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. The Company amortizes its distribution network intangible over periods ranging from 15 to 20 years, trademarks over 7 to 1025 years, patents over 7 to 20 years, customer relationships over 19.5 years and noncompete agreements over 5 years. The Company has determined that finite lived intangible assets were not impaired as of December 31, 20112013 and 2010.2012.

Income taxes

        Deferred income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates. Deferred income tax provisions or benefits are based on the change in the deferred tax assets and liabilities from period to period. Deferred income tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred income tax asset will not be realized. Additionally, when applicable, the Company would classify interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.

Deferred financing costs

        The costs of obtaining financing are capitalized and amortized over the term of the related financing on a basis that approximates the effective interest method. The changes in deferred financing costs are as follows:

Balance at January 1, 2009		$	4,520
Amortization of deferred financing costs			(1,209	)
Balance at December 31, 2009			3,311
Balance at January 1, 2011						$	953
Write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs			(2,045	)			(335	)
Deferred financing costs capitalized on new debt			559				3,471
Amortization of deferred financing costs			(872	)			(687	)
Balance at December 31, 2010			953
Write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs			(335	)
​					​		​	​
Balance at December 31, 2011							3,402
Deferred financing costs capitalized on new debt			3,471				168
Amortization of deferred financing costs			(687	)			(776	)
Balance at December 31, 2011		$	3,402
​					​		​	​
Balance at December 31, 2012							2,794
Amortization of deferred financing costs							(578	)
​					​		​	​
Balance at December 31, 2013						$	2,216
​					​		​	​
​					​		​	​

        For the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company extended the term on its revolving line of credit and capitalized $168 of deferred financing costs associated with the refinancing. For the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company recorded the write-off of deferred financing costs as a loss on extinguishment of debt, in the consolidated statements of operations as a result of an




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 20092011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

extinguishment of debt, in the consolidated statements of income as a result of an amendment to the Company's term loan facility. The amendment of the term loan facility resulted in a significant modification of the debt which resulted in the write off of unamortized capitalized deferred financing costs of $335. See further details in Note 7. For the year ended December 31, 2010 the Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $7,967 as a result of an amendment to the Company's term loan facility and the repayment of the senior notes as follows. The amendment of the term loan facility resulted in a significant modification of the debt, which resulted in the write off of unamortized deferred financing costs of $995. The Company also incurred expenditures of $2,045 related to financing costs paid to existing lenders. The Company wrote off $1,050 of unamortized deferred financing costs related to the senior notes and paid $3,876 for a redemption call premium and post payoff interest on the senior notes redemption.

Fair Value

        Fair value is the price at which an asset could be exchanged in a current transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties. A liability's fair value is defined as the amount that would be paid to transfer the liability to a new obligor, not the amount that would be paid to settle the liability with the creditor. Fair value measurements are categorized into one of three levels based on the lowest level of significant input used: Level 1 (unadjusted quoted prices in active markets); Level 2 (observable market inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level 1); and Level 3 (unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data).

        The following table presents financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and discloses the fair value of long-term debt:

		Fair Value at 12/31/2011			Fair Value at 12/31/2010				Fair Value at 12/31/2013			Fair Value at 12/31/2012
Assets:
Assets(a)		$	—		$	—
Other assets(a)									$	1,127		$	491
​								​		​	​		​	​
Total Assets		$	—		$	—			$	1,127		$	491
​								​		​	​		​	​
Liabilities:
Long term debt(b)			122,709			120,397				110,439			110,566
Other non-current liabilities—Interest rate swap(c)			621			—
Other long-term liabilities—
Earnout—Trynex(c)										3,587			—
Interest rate swap(d)										282			544
​								​		​	​		​	​
Total Liabilities		$	123,330		$	120,397			$	114,308		$	111,110
​								​		​	​		​	​

---

(a)

The Company does not have any financialIncluded in other assets is the cash surrender value of insurance policies on various individuals that are required to be measured atassociated with the Company. The carrying amounts of these insurance policies approximates their fair value on a recurring basis.value.



(b)

The fair value of the Company's long-term debt, including current maturities, is estimated using discounted cash flows based on the Company's current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements, which is a levelLevel 2 input for all periods presented. Meanwhile, long-term debt is recorded at carrying amount, net of discount, as disclosed on the face of the balance sheet.



(c)

Included in other long term liabilities is an obligation for a portion of the potential earn out incurred in conjunction with the acquisition of substantially all of TrynEx's assets. The carrying amount of the earn out approximates its fair value. Fair value is based upon




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 20092011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Level 3 inputs of a monte carlo simulation analysis using key inputs of forecasted future sales and financial performance as well as a growth rate reduced by the market required rate of return. See reconciliation of liability included below:

		2013
Balance at January 1		$	—
Additions			3,587
Adjustments to fair value			—
​	​	​	​	​
Balance at December 31		$	3,587
​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​

(c)(d)

Valuation models are calibrated to initial trade price. Subsequent valuations are based on observable inputs to the valuation model (e.g. interest rates and credit spreads). Model inputs are changed only when corroborated by market data. A credit risk adjustment is made using observable market credit spreads. Thus, inputs used to determine fair value of the interest rate swap are levelLevel 2 inputs.

Concentration of credit risk

        The Company's cash is deposited with multiple financial institutions. At times, deposits in these institutions exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes that it is not exposed to any significant risk on these balances.

        No distributor represented more than 10% of the Company's net sales or accounts receivable during the years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 2009.2011.

Revenue recognition

        The Company recognizes revenues upon shipment to the customer, which is when titlerisk of loss passes and all of the following conditions are satisfied: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (ii) the price is fixed or determinable; (iii) collectability is reasonably assured; and (iv) the product has been shipped and the Company has no further obligations. Customers have no right of return privileges. Historically, product returns have not been material and are permitted on an exception basis only.

        The Company offers a variety of discounts and sales incentives to ourits distributors. The estimated liability for sales discounts and allowances is recorded at the time of sale as a reduction of net sales. The liability is estimated based on the costs of the program, the planned duration of the program and historical experience.

Cost of sales

        Cost of sales includes all costs associated with the manufacture of the Company's products, including raw materials, purchased parts, freight, plant operating expenses, property insurance and




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

taxes, and plant depreciation. All payroll costs and employee benefits for the hourly workforce, manufacturing management, and engineering costs are included in cost of sales.

Warranty cost recognition

        The Company accrues for estimated warranty costs as revenue is recognized. See note 9 for further details.

Advertising expenses

        Advertising expenses include costs for the production of marketing media, literature, CD-ROM, and displays. The Company participates in trade shows and advertises in the yellow pages and billboards. Advertising expenses amounted to $2,718, $2,805$3,037, $1,815 and $2,528$2,718 for the years ended




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 2009

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The Company also provides its distributors with pre-approved, cooperative advertising programs, which are recorded as advertising expense in selling, general and administrative expense. All costs associated with the Company's advertising programs are expensed as incurred.

Shipping and handling costs

        Generally, shipping and handling costs are paid directly by the customer to the shipping agent. Those shipping and handling costs billed by the Company are recorded as a component of sales with the corresponding costs included in cost of sales.

Share-based payments

        The Company applies the guidance codified in ASC 718—Compensation—Stock Compensation. This standard requires the measurement of the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award at the grant date and recognition of the compensation expense over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award (generally the vesting period). Because the Company used the minimum-value method to measure compensation cost for employee stock options prior to January 1, 2006, the date on which ASC 718 was adopted, under this previous guidance, it was required to use the prospective method of adoption for this standard. Under the prospective method, the Company continues to account for non-vested awards outstanding at the date of adoption using the same method as prior to adoption for financial statement recognition purposes. All awards granted, modified, or settled after the date of adoption are accounted for using the measurement, recognition, and attribution provisions of ASC 718.

Comprehensive income (loss)

        Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity (net assets) of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner resources and is comprised of net income or loss and "other comprehensive income (loss)". The Company's other comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of the adjustments for pension and




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

postretirement benefit liabilities as well as the impact of ourits interest rate swap. The interest rate swap contract on $50,000 notional amount of the term loan expires in December 2014. The Company does not expect to record any unrecognized loss into earnings in the next twelve months. Additionally, other comprehensive income (loss) includes the net income (loss) of the Company plus/minus the Company's adjustments for its defined benefit retirement plans based on the measurement date as of the Company's year-end.




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

        Components See Note 19 for the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows:loss.

		December 31,
		2011			2010
Interest rate swap, net of tax		$	(391	)	$	—
Unrecognized pension and postretirement benefit plan liabilities, net of tax			(7,089	)		(4,431	)
		$	(7,480	)	$	(4,431	)

Segment Reporting

        The Company operates in and reports as a single operating segment, which is the manufacture and sale of snow and ice control products. Net sales are generated through the sale of snow and ice control products and accessories to distributors. The chief operating decision maker (the Company's Chief Executive Officer) manages and evaluates its operations as one segment primarily due to similarities in the nature of the products, production processes and methods of distribution. All of the Company's identifiable assets are located in the United States. The Company's sales outside North America are not material, representing less than 1%3% of net sales.

        The Company's product offerings primarily consist of snow and ice control products and accessories. Equipment and parts and accessories are each a similar class of products based on similar customer usage.

		Year ended December 31,										Year ended December 31,
		2011			2010			2009				2013			2012			2011
Equipment		$	177,806		$	151,808		$	147,478			$	164,460		$	123,308		$	177,806
Parts and accessories			30,992			24,987			26,864				29,860			16,725			30,992
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Net Sales		$	208,798		$	176,795		$	174,342			$	194,320		$	140,033		$	208,798
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​

3. Related-Party TransactionsAcquisition

        On May 6, 2013, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of TrynEx for the purpose of expanding its current market presence in the snow and ice segment. Total consideration paid was $26,734 including an estimated working capital adjustment. The working capital adjustment was further adjusted to reduce the purchase price at December 31, 2013 by $262 which the Company received after the date of these financial statements. The acquisition was financed with $28,000 of revolver borrowings under the Company's credit facility discussed in Note 7. The Company incurred $1,239 of transaction expenses related to this acquisition that are included in selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

        The CompanyTrynEx purchase agreement includes contingent consideration in the form of an earnout capped at $7,000. Under the earnout the former owners of TrynEx are entitled to receive payments contingent upon the revenue growth and financial performance of the acquired business for the years 2014, 2015 and 2016. On August 5, 2013, the purchase agreement was partyamended to a Joint Management Services Agreement with Aurora Management Partners, LLC ("AMP")remove the requirement that the former owners of TrynEx remain employed in the 2014 and ACOF Management, LP ("ACOF"), who were affiliates2015 performance




Table of its principal stockholdersContents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

3. Acquisition (Continued)

periods, resulting in recognition of the fair value of the contingent consideration for 2014 and 2015 of $3,587 at that time. Priordate. The requirement of continued employment remains in place for the 2016 performance period.

        The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price paid and the subsequent working capital adjustment to the fair value of the net assets acquired as of the acquisition date:

Accounts receivable			604
Inventories			4,130
Other current assets			29
Property and equipment			5,272
Goodwill			5,910
Intangible assets			12,499
Accounts payable and other liabilities			(1,972	)
​	​	​	​	​
Total		$	26,472
​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​

        The goodwill for the acquisition is a result of acquiring and retaining the existing workforces and expected synergies from integrating the operations into the Company. The Company is amortizing its goodwill for income tax purposes over a fifteen-year period starting at the date of acquisition. The acquired intangible assets include customer relationships of $8,820 being amortized over 19.5 years, patents of $1,320 being amortized over 17 years and trademarks of $2,359 being amortized over 25 years.

        The acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method, and accordingly, the results of operations are included in the Company's initial public offering ("IPO")financial statements from the date of its common stock in May 2010, this agreement obligatedacquisition. From the Companydate of acquisition through December 31, 2013, the TrynEx assets contributed $12,879 of revenues and ($3,334) of pre-tax operating losses, including $4,506 of certain purchase accounting expenses, related to pay an annual management feethe Company.

4. Inventories

        Inventories consist of $1,250 per annum, to AMP and ACOF, pro rata in accordance with their respective holdings, plus reimbursement of reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, in exchange for consultation and advice in fields such as financial services, accounting, general business management, acquisitions, dispositions and banking.the following:

		December 31,
		2013			2012
Finished goods and work-in-process		$	26,175		$	29,119
Raw material and supplies			1,802			1,173
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
		$	27,977		$	30,292
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 2009

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

3. Related-Party Transactions (Continued)

        In connection with the Company's IPO, the Company amended and restated the terms of its Joint Management Services Agreement to, among other things, (i) extend the term of service until the earlier of (A) the fifth anniversary of the consummation of the Company's IPO, (B) such time as AMP and ACOF, together with their affiliates, collectively hold less than 5% of the Company's outstanding common stock and (C) such time as all parties mutually agree in writing, while eliminating all other termination events (other than termination for cause); (ii) eliminate the annual management fee, as well as the provision obligating the Company to pay AMP and ACOF a transaction fee in the event of an acquisition or any sale or disposition of the Company or any of its divisions or any sale of substantially all Company assets or similar transactions in exchange for a one-time fee of $5,800 upon the consummation of the IPO, pro rata in accordance with their respective holdings; and (iii) modify the expense reimbursement provisions to include reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with SEC and other legally required filings made by each of AMP and ACOF with respect to the Company's securities and certain other expenses. The one-time management fee was paid on May 10, 2010, and is included in management fees—related party expense for the year ended December 31, 2010.

        On December 6, 2011 the Company completed a secondary offering by certain stockholders. Immediately following the secondary offering, AMP and ACOF were no longer shareholders in the Company.

        The Company recognized management fees and related expense of $46, $6,383 and $1,393 for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

4. Inventories

        Inventories consist of the following:

		December 31,
		2011			2010
Finished goods and work-in-process		$	22,630		$	21,896
Raw material and supplies			1,375			1,585
		$	24,005		$	23,481




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

5. Property, plant and equipment

        Property, plant and equipment are summarized as follows:

		December 31,							December 31,
		2011			2010				2013			2012
Land		$	960		$	960			$	1,160		$	960
Land improvements			1,768			1,768				1,849			1,768
Buildings			12,660			12,554				16,743			12,852
Machinery and equipment			23,253			22,343				25,756			24,286
Furniture and fixtures			7,255			6,482				8,772			7,465
Mobile equipment and other			1,216			1,019				1,267			1,138
Construction-in-process			748			422				1,113			351
​								​		​	​		​	​
Total property, plant and equipment			47,860			45,548				56,660			48,820
Less accumulated depreciation			(26,520	)		(23,586	)			(31,794	)		(28,933	)
​								​		​	​		​	​
Net property, plant and equipment		$	21,340		$	21,962			$	24,866		$	19,887
​								​		​	​		​	​
​								​		​	​		​	​

6. Other Intangible Assets

        The following is a summary of the Company's other intangible assets:

		Gross Carrying Amount			Less Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount				Gross Carrying Amount			Less Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
December 31, 2011:
December 31, 2013:
Indefinite-lived intangibles:
Trademark and tradenames		$	60,000		$	—		$	60,000			$	60,000		$	—		$	60,000
Amortizable intangibles:
Dealer network			80,000			31,000			49,000				80,000			39,000			41,000
Customer relations			2,000			822			1,178
Customer relationships													10,820			1,404			9,416
Patents			15,116			4,735			10,381				16,436			6,293			10,143
Noncompete agreements			5,050			5,050			—				5,050			5,050			—
Trademark—Blizzard			3,100			1,912			1,188
Trademarks													5,459			2,596			2,863
License			20			20			—				20			20			—
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Amortizable intangibles, net			105,286			43,539			61,747				117,785			54,363			63,422
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Total		$	165,286		$	43,539		$	121,747			$	177,785		$	54,363		$	123,422
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 20092011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

6. Other Intangible Assets (Continued)




		Gross Carrying Amount			Less Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount				Gross Carrying Amount			Less Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
December 31, 2010:
December 31, 2012:
Indefinite-lived intangibles:
Trademark and tradenames		$	60,000		$	—		$	60,000			$	60,000		$	—		$	60,000
Amortizable intangibles:
Dealer network			80,000			27,000			53,000				80,000			35,000			45,000
Customer relations			2,000			689			1,311
Customer relationships													2,000			956			1,044
Patents			15,116			3,977			11,139				15,116			5,491			9,625
Noncompete agreements			5,050			5,050			—				5,050			5,050			—
Trademark—Blizzard			3,100			1,602			1,498				3,100			2,221			879
License			20			20			—				20			20			—
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Amortizable intangibles, net			105,286			38,338			66,948				105,286			48,738			56,548
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Total		$	165,286		$	38,338		$	126,948			$	165,286		$	48,738		$	116,548
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​

        Amortization expense for intangible assets was $5,201, $6,001$5,625, $5,199 and $6,161$5,201 for the years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 2009,2011, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for the next five years is as follows:

2012		$	5,199
2013			5,193
2014			5,193			$	5,818
2015			5,142				5,767
2016			4,883				5,508
2017							5,508
2018							5,508

        The weighted average remaining life for intangible assets is 12.212.1 years.

7. Long-Term Debt

        Long-term debt is summarized below:

		December 31,
		2011			2010
Term Loan, net of debt discount of $1,125 and $358 at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively:		$	122,937		$	121,154
Total long-term debt			122,937			121,154
Less current maturities			11,071			1,183
		$	111,866		$	119,971

		December 31,
		2013			2012
Term Loan, net of debt discount of $766 and $946 at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively		$	110,994		$	111,966
Less current maturities			971			971
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
		$	110,023		$	110,995
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 20092011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

7. Long-Term Debt (Continued)

        The scheduled maturities on long-term debt at December 31, 2011,2013, are as follows:

2012		$	11,071
2013			1,071
2014			1,071				971
2015			1,071				971
2016			1,071				971
Thereafter			107,582
2017							971
2018							107,110
​					​		​	​
						$	110,994
		$	122,937
​					​		​	​
​					​		​	​

        On April 18, 2011, the Company amended its senior credit facilities to, among other things, (i) increase the borrowing ability under the revolving credit agreement by $10,000, and (ii) amend certain of the provisions in its senior credit facilities which govern the Company's ability to pay dividends. Consequently, as of April 18, 2011, theThe Company's senior credit facilities consistedconsist of a $125,000 term loan facility and a $70,000an $80,000 revolving credit facility with a group of banks. The previous term loans consisted of an initial term loan of $85,000 and a "tack on" of $40,000 and a $60,000 revolving credit facility. Prior to the April 2011 changes to the Company's senior credit facilities, the interest on the original $85,000 term loan facility was (at the Company's option) either the base rate (which shall be no less than 3%) plus 3.5% or the eurodollar rate (which shall be no less than 2%) plus 4.5%. The interest for the additional $40,000 in the Company's term loan facility was an interest rate equal to (at the Company's option) either the base rate (which shall be no less than 3%) plus 4% or the eurodollar rate (which shall be no less than 2%) plus 5%. Under the previous revolving credit facility, the margin for base rate loans was either 0.25% or 0.50% and the margin for eurodollar rate loans was either 1.25% or 1.50%, in each case determined based on the Company's leverage ratio from time to time.

        The agreement for the new term loan (the "Term Loan Credit Agreement") provides for a senior secured term loan facility in the aggregate principal amount of $125,000 and generally bears interest at (at the Company's election) either (i) 3.25% per annum plus the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate (as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement) in effect on such day, (b) the weighted average of the rates on overnight Federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System arranged by Federal funds brokers plus 0.50% and (c) 1.00% plus the greater of (1) the London Interbank Offered Rate for a one month interest period multiplied by the Statutory Reserve Rate (as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement) and (2) 1.50% or (ii) 4.25% per annum plus the greater of (a) the London Interbank Offered Rate for the applicable interest period multiplied by the Statutory Reserve Rate and (b) 1.50%.

        The revolving credit facility as amended and restated (the "Revolving Credit and Guaranty Agreement") provides that the Company has the option to select whether borrowings will bear interest at either (i) 2.25%1.75% per annum plus the London Interbank Offered Rate for the applicable interest period multiplied by the Statutory Reserve Rate or (ii) 1.25% per annum plus the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the weighted average of the rates on overnight Federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System arranged by Federal funds brokers plus 0.50% and (c) the London Interbank Offered Rate for a one month interest period multiplied by the Statutory Reserve Rate plus 1%. The maturity date for the Company's amended and restated revolving




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

7. Long-Term Debt (Continued)

credit facility is April 18, 2016,17, 2017, and the Company's new term loan amortizes in nominal amounts quarterly with the balance payable on April 18, 2018. The Company incurred and paid interest expense of $446 related to its revolving credit facility borrowings in the year ended December 31, 2013 at an average rate of 2.0%.

        The new term loan entered into in the second quarter of 2011 was issued at a $1,250 discount which is being amortized over the term of the new term loan.

        The Company's entry into the new term loan facility resulted in a significant modification of the Company's debt which resulted in the write off of unamortized capitalized deferred financing costs of $335 and write off of unamortized debt discount of $338 which in total resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $673 in the Consolidated Statement of Income during the year ended December 31,2011.

        At December 31, 2011,2013, the Company had nooutstanding borrowings under the term loan of $110,994 and $13,000 of outstanding borrowings on the revolving credit facility and remaining borrowing availability of $70,000.$48,324.

        The Company's senior credit facilities include certain negative and operating covenants, including restrictions on its ability to pay dividends, and other customary covenants, representations and warranties and events of default. The senior credit facilities entered into and recorded by the




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

7. Long-Term Debt (Continued)

Company's subsidiaries significantly restrict its subsidiaries from paying dividends and otherwise transferring assets to Douglas Dynamics, Inc. The terms of the Company's revolving credit facility specifically restrict subsidiaries from paying dividends if a minimum availability under the revolving credit facility is not maintained, and both senior credit facilities restrict subsidiaries from paying dividends above certain levels or at all if an event of default has occurred. These restrictions would affect the Company indirectly since the Company relies principally on distributions from its subsidiaries to have funds available for the payment of dividends. In addition, the Company's revolving credit facility includes a requirement that, subject to certain exceptions, capital expenditures may not exceed $10,000 in any calendar year and, if certain minimum availability under the revolving credit facility is not maintained, that the Company comply with a monthly minimum fixed charge coverage ratio test of 1.0:1.0. Compliance with the fixed charge coverage ratio test is subject to certain cure rights under the Company's revolving credit facility. At December 31, 2011,2013, the Company was in compliance with the respective covenants. The credit facilities are collateralized by substantially all assets of the Company.

        In accordance with the senior credit facilities, the Company is required to make additional principal prepayments over the above scheduled payments under certain conditions. This includes, in the case of the term loan facility, 100% of the net cash proceeds of certain asset sales, certain insurance or condemnation events, certain debt issuances, and, within 150 days of the end of the fiscal year, 50% of excess cash flow, as defined, including a deduction for certain distributions (which percentage is reduced to 25% or 0% upon the achievement of certain leverage ratio thresholds), for any fiscal year. Excess cash flow is defined in the senior credit facilities as consolidated adjusted EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) plus a working capital adjustment less the sum of repayments of debt and capital expenditures subject to certain adjustments, interest and taxes paid in cash, management fees and certain restricted payments (including dividends or distributions). Working capital adjustment is defined in the senior credit facilities as the change in working capital, defined as current assets excluding cash and cash equivalents less current liabilities excluding current portion of long term debt. As of December 31, 2011,2013, the Company was not required




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

7. Long-Term Debt (Continued)

to make an excess cash flow payment. However, the Company expects to make a voluntary prepayment of $10,000 in 2012.

        Each of the senior secured facilities entered into in the second quarter of 2011 includesinclude a hedge provision, which required the Company to enter into an interest rate hedge commencing 90 days after the closing date. The hedging provision required the Company to hedge the interest rate on at least 25% of the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the term loans. The purpose of the interest rate swap is to reduce the Company's exposure to interest rate volatility. Effective June 20, 2011, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a notional amount of $50,000. The interest rate swap negative fair value at December 31, 20112013 and 2012 of $621$282 and $544, respectively, is included in Accrued expenses and other long-termcurrent liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.Sheets. The Company has counterparty credit risk resulting from the interest rate swap, which it monitors on an on-going basis. This risk lies with one global financial institution. Under the interest rate swap agreement, effective as of July 18, 2011, the Company either receives or makes payments on a monthly basis based on the differential between 6.335% and LIBOR plus 4.25% (with a LIBOR floor of 1.5%). The interest rate swap contract on the term loan expires in December 2014.




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

8. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

        Accrued expenses and other current liabilities are summarized as follows:

		December 31,							December 31,
		2011			2010				2013			2012
Payroll and related costs		$	4,756		$	2,993			$	2,857		$	1,429
Employee benefits			2,645			2,334				4,522			2,731
Accrued warranty			4,188			3,399				3,808			3,628
Other			4,166			3,197				3,231			2,541
​								​		​	​		​	​
		$	15,755		$	11,923			$	14,418		$	10,329
​								​		​	​		​	​
​								​		​	​		​	​

9. Warranty Liability

        The Company accrues for estimated warranty costs as sales are recognized and periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liability and adjusts the amount as necessary. The Company's warranties generally provide, with respect to its snow and ice control equipment, that all material and workmanship will be free from defect for a period of two years after the date of purchase by the end-user, and with respect to its parts and accessories purchased separately, that such parts and accessories will be free from defect for a period of one year after the date of purchase by the end-user. Certain snowplows only provide for a one year warranty. The Company determines the amount of the estimated warranty costs (and its corresponding warranty reserve) based on the Company's prior five years of warranty history utilizing a formula driven by historical warranty expense and applying management's judgment. The Company adjusts its historical warranty costs to take into account unique factors such as the introduction of new products into the marketplace that do not provide a historical warranty record to assess. The warranty reserve is included with Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

9. Warranty Liability (Continued)

        The following is a rollforward of the Company's warranty liability:

		December 31,
		2011			2010			2009
Balance at the beginning of the period		$	3,399		$	3,040		$	2,272
Warranty provision			3,386			2,604			2,913
Claims paid/settlements			(2,597	)		(2,245	)		(2,145	)
Balance at the end of the period		$	4,188		$	3,399		$	3,040

10. Income Taxes

        The provision for income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following:

		Year ended December 31
		2011			2010			2009
Current:
Federal		$	2,697		$	—		$	1,284
State			326			231			892
			3,023			231			2,176
Deferred:
Federal			7,855			363			3,165
State			454			278			(1,355	)
			8,309			641			1,810
		$	11,332		$	872		$	3,986

        A reconciliation of income tax expense computed at the federal statutory rate to the provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 is as follows:

		2011			2010			2009
Federal income tax expense at statutory rate		$	10,630		$	862		$	4,840
State taxes, net of federal benefit			1,522			7			302
Valuation allowance changes			(47	)		311			(1,129	)
Change in uncertain tax positions, net			(150	)		(349	)		276
Research and development credit			(111	)		(117	)		(194	)
Rate change			(162	)		95			—
Manufacturing tax benefits			(552	)		—			—
Other			202			63			(109	)
		$	11,332		$	872		$	3,986

		December 31,
		2013			2012			2011
Balance at the beginning of the period		$	3,628		$	4,188		$	3,399
Establish warranty liability for Trynex			600			—			—
Warranty provision			1,452			846			3,386
Claims paid/settlements			(1,872	)		(1,406	)		(2,597	)
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Balance at the end of the period		$	3,808		$	3,628		$	4,188
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

10. Income Taxes

        The provision for income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following:

		Year ended December 31
		2013			2012			2011
Current:
Federal		$	712		$	(3,994	)	$	2,697
State			(190	)		289			326
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
			522			(3,705	)		3,023
Deferred:
Federal			5,582			7,375			7,855
State			1,274			474			454
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
			6,856			7,849			8,309
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
		$	7,378		$	4,144		$	11,332
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​

        A reconciliation of income tax expense computed at the federal statutory rate to the provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 2010is as follows:

		2013			2012			2011
Federal income tax expense at statutory rate		$	6,656		$	3,555		$	10,630
State taxes, net of federal benefit			236			218			1,522
Valuation allowance changes			—			451			(47	)
Change in uncertain tax positions, net			8			8			(150	)
Research and development credit			(305	)		(26	)		(111	)
Rate change			758			67			(162	)
Manufacturing tax benefits			(44	)		—			(552	)
Other			69			(129	)		202
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
		$	7,378		$	4,144		$	11,332
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 20092011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

10. Income Taxes (Continued)

        Significant components of the Company's deferred tax liabilities and assets are as follows:

		December 31,							December 31,
		2011			2010				2013			2012
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts		$	465		$	456			$	401		$	223
Inventory reserves			479			533				638			445
Warranty liability			1,552			1,291				1,455			1,346
Deferred compensation			911			666				570			383
Earnout liability										1,531			—
Pension and retiree health benefit obligations			8,615			6,145				(869	)		7,072
Accrued vacation			570			428				587			631
Medical claims reserve			242			214				263			261
State net operating losses			2,167			3,160				3,294			2,633
Federal net operating losses			—			3,310
Other accrued liabilities			1,583			886				865			746
Valuation allowance for state net operating losses			(830	)		(877	)			(1,395	)		(1,374	)
​								​		​	​		​	​
Total deferred tax assets			15,754			16,212				7,340			12,366
Deferred tax liabilities:
Tax deductible goodwill and other intangibles			(34,923	)		(30,434	)			(45,872	)		(39,664	)
Accelerated depreciation			(2,280	)		(865	)			(2,040	)		(2,205	)
Other			(556	)		(421	)			(251	)		(592	)
​								​		​	​		​	​
Total deferred tax liabilities			(37,759	)		(31,720	)			(48,163	)		(42,461	)
​								​		​	​		​	​
Net deferred tax liabilities		$	(22,005	)	$	(15,508	)		$	(40,823	)	$	(30,095	)
​								​		​	​		​	​
​								​		​	​		​	​

        Deferred income tax balances reflect the effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their tax basis and are stated at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when taxes are actually paid or recovered.

        During 2011, the Company carried back its previously generated Federal net operating loss, resulting in full utilization of the Federal net operating loss and eliminating the related deferred tax asset. State operating loss carry forwards for tax purposes were $38,297are $64,378 at December 31, 20112013, and are expected towill result in future tax benefits of approximately $2,167.$3,294. These loss carry-forwards will begin to expire beginning in 2019. The Company evaluated the need to maintain a valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets. Based on this evaluation, which included a review of recent profitability and future projections of profitability, the Company concluded that a valuation allowance of approximately $830$1,395 is necessary at December 31, 20112013 for the state net operating loss carry-forwards which are likely to expire prior to the Company's ability to use the tax benefit.

        A reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability for uncertain tax positions is as follows:

		2013			2012
Balance at beginning of year		$	328		$	320
Increases for tax position taken in prior years			8			8
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Balance at the end of year		$	336		$	328
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 20092011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

10. Income Taxes (Continued)

        A reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability for uncertain tax positions is as follows:

		2011			2010
Balance at beginning of year		$	798		$	2,095
Increases for tax positions taken in the current year			—			—
Increases for tax positions taken in prior years			—			—
Decreases due to settlements with taxing authorities			(478	)		(1,297	)
Balance at the end of year		$	320		$	798

        The amount of the unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate, if recognized, was approximately $208$219 at December 31, 2011 and approximately $591 at December 31, 2010.2013. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to the unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. Approximately $54$70 and $174$62 of accrued interest and penalties is reported as an income tax liability at December 31, 20112013 and 2010,2012, respectively. The liability for unrecognized tax benefits is reported in Other Long-term Liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 20112013 and 2010. The Company recognized ($120), ($478), and $153 of (benefits) expenses related to interest and penalties in income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively.2012.

        The Company files income tax returns in the United States (Federal), Wisconsin (state), Maine (state) and various other states. Tax years open to examination by tax authorities under the statute of limitations include 2009, 20102011, 2012 and 20112013 for Federal and 20072009 through 20112013 for most states. Tax returns for the 20112013 tax year have not yet been filed.

11. Deferred Compensation

        The Company has a long-term incentive compensation plan covering certain management employees. Under the terms of the plan, prior to December 31, 2010 participants earned (lost) additional compensation based upon a percentage of the Company's cash flow from operations reduced by capital expenditures under a predetermined formula. In addition, participants' account balances under the plan increased or decreased on an annual basis based upon the Company's cash flow from operations reduced by capital expenditures under a predetermined formula. Amounts credited to participant accounts under the plan were, and continue to be as of December 31, 2011,2013, non-forfeitable unless a participant is terminated for cause or voluntarily terminates his or her employment with the Company. In either of these events, the terminated participant will forfeit any positive amounts allocated to his or her account for the two years preceding the year of termination.

        Compensation earned under the plan is deferred until such time as the participant has an account balance of more than two times his or her base compensation, at which point 20% of the balance is




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

11. Deferred Compensation (Continued)

paid to the participant in cash in a lump sum. Participants are paid their vested account balances under the plan upon separation from the Company as follows:

		Payment Method
Death, long-term disability, or normal retirement		Lump sum
Balance of less than $75,000		Lump sum
Balance greater than $75,000		5 equal annual installments

        With respect to account balances paid in installments, participants earn interest each year on the unpaid balance at the one-year U.S. Treasury rate in effect at the beginning of the year.

        Activity for the plan is as follows:

		December 31
		2011			2010
Balance at beginning of year		$	1,292		$	1,705
Participant earnings according to the terms of the plan			—			128
Payments to current and former participants			(225	)		(258	)
Adjustments to plan			—			(283	)
Balance at end of year			1,067			1,292
Less current portion			(155	)		(225	)
Long Term balance at end of year		$	912		$	1,067

Effective December 31, 2010, the Company froze the long-term incentive plan. The Company will continue to pay its obligations to previously designated recipients in accordance with the plan, but no new compensation will be earned under the plan. As there were modifications




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

11. Deferred Compensation (Continued)

        Activity for the deferred compensation plan the Company reduced its obligation for expected forfeitures which was based on historical turnoveris as included above as "Adjustments to Plan" in 2010.follows:

		December 31
		2013			2012
Balance at beginning of year		$	911		$	1,067
Payments to current and former participants			(155	)		(156	)
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Balance at end of year			756			911
Less current portion			(98	)		(155	)
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Long term balance at end of year		$	658		$	756
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​

12. Employee Retirement Plans

Pension benefits

        The Company provides noncontributory defined benefit pension plans for most employees. Plans covering salaried employees generally provide pension benefits that are based on the employee's average earnings and credited service. Plans covering hourly employees generally provide benefits of stated amounts for each year of service. The Company's funding policy for the plans is to contribute amounts sufficient to meet the minimum funding requirement of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, plus any additional amounts that the Company may determine to be appropriate.




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

12. Employee Retirement Plans (Continued)

        The reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the fair value of plan assets, funded status of plans, and amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consisted of the following:

		December 31							December 31
		2011			2010				2013			2012
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year		$	28,557		$	24,723			$	36,209		$	32,800
Service cost			961			800				246			268
Interest cost			1,539			1,432				1,449			1,482
Actuarial loss			4,126			2,884
Actuarial (gain) loss										(5,031	)		2,944
Benefits paid			(975	)		(956	)			(1,158	)		(1,285	)
Effect of curtailment			(1,408	)		(326	)
​								​		​	​		​	​
Benefit obligation at end of year			32,800			28,557				31,715			36,209
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year			17,804			15,766				21,808			18,637
Actual return on plan assets			(109	)		2,085				3,160			2,442
Employer contributions through December 31			1,917			909				828			2,014
Benefits paid			(975	)		(956	)			(1,158	)		(1,285	)
​								​		​	​		​	​
Fair value of plan assets at end of year			18,637			17,804				24,638			21,808
​								​		​	​		​	​
Funded Status: accrued pension liability		$	(14,163	)	$	(10,753	)		$	(7,077	)	$	(14,401	)
​								​		​	​		​	​
​								​		​	​		​	​




        In May 2010, in connection with the closureTable of the Company's manufacturing facility in Johnson City, TN substantially all the employees at this facility were terminated. This resulted in a cessation of all future benefit accruals for these employees under the Company's pension plans. A liability gain of $326 from the curtailment was recognized as a reductionContents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to the net actuarial loss, as the liability gain was less than the unrecognized net actuarial loss prior to the curtailment for the pension plan in the yearConsolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2010. Therefore, this did not impact the consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2010.2013, 2012 and 2011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

12. Employee Retirement Plans (Continued)

        In November 2011, the Company took the following actions with respect to its pension plans effective as of December 31, 2011: It froze benefits as of January 1, 2012 for all employees under the Company's Pension Plan for Hourly Employees, froze benefits as of January 1, 2012 for all employees under the Company's Salaried Pension Plan for employees with less than five years of service and grandfathered employees (other than certain highly compensated employees) under the Company's Salaried Pension Plan with five or more years of service, but reduced the benefit accrual from 1.67% of pay to 1.00% of pay. In order to offset the loss of these benefit to employees, the Company has enhanced its defined contribution plan. The companyCompany also established a nonqualified deferred compensation plan effective as of January 1, 2012, for certain highly compensated employees whose participation in the qualified plan is restricted. A liability gain of $1,408 from this curtailment was recognized as a reduction to the net actuarial loss, as the liability gain was less than the unrecognized net actuarial loss prior to the curtailment for the pension plan in the year ended December 31, 2011.




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

12. Employee Retirement Plans (Continued)

Therefore, this did not impact the consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2011.

        The components of net periodic pension cost consisted of the following for the years ended December 31,

		2011			2010			2009				2013			2012			2011
Component of net periodic pension cost:
Service cost		$	961		$	800		$	820			$	246		$	268		$	961
Interest cost			1,539			1,432			1,355				1,449			1,482			1,539
Expected return on plan assets			(1,357	)		(1,162	)		(984	)			(1,409	)		(1,274	)		(1,357	)
Amortization of net loss			454			324			519				1,205			770			454
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Net periodic pension cost		$	1,597			1,394		$	1,710			$	1,491			1,246		$	1,597
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​

        The accumulated benefit obligation for all pension plans as of December 31, 20112013 and 2010,2012, was $31,322$31,623 and $26,078,$34,949, respectively.

        In accordance with its adoption of ASC 715-20, the Company uses December 31 as its measurement date for all periods presented. Assumptions used in determining net periodic pension cost for the plans consisted of the following:

		Year ended December 31										Year ended December 31
		2011			2010			2009				2013			2012			2011
Discount rates			5.5	%		6.0	%		6.0	%			4.1	%		4.6	%		5.5	%
Rates of increase in compensation levels:
Salaried			3.5			3.5			3.5				3.5			3.5			3.5
Hourly			N/A			N/A			N/A				N/A			N/A			N/A
Expected long-term rate of return on assets			8.0			8.0			8.0				7.25			7.25			8.0




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

12. Employee Retirement Plans (Continued)

        The discount rate used to determine the benefit obligation at December 31, 20112012 was 4.1% for both hourly and 2010 is 4.6%salaried pension plans. Meanwhile the discount rate used to determine the benefit obligation at December 31, 2013 was 4.9% and 5.5%,4.8% for the hourly and salaried pension plans, respectively.

        For 2012,2014, the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is 7.25%. To determine the long-term rate of return assumption for plan assets, the Company studies historical markets and preserves the long-term historical relationships between equities and fixed-income securities consistent with the widely accepted capital market principle that assets with higher volatility generate a greater return over the long run. The Company evaluates current market factors such as inflation and interest rates before it determines long-term capital market assumptions and reviews peer data and historical returns to check for reasonableness and appropriateness.




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

12. Employee Retirement Plans (Continued)

        The expected benefit payments under the pension plans are as follows:

2012		$	1,260
2013			1,310
2014			1,340			$	1,330
2015			1,360				1,340
2016			1,380				1,360
2017 - 2020			8,020
2017							1,400
2018							1,440
2019 - 2023							8,250

        The Company made required minimum pension funding contributions of $1,917$828 to the pension plans in 20112013 and currently expects to make $2,512$1,410 of required minimum pension funding contributions in 2012.2014.

        The Company maintains target allocation percentages among various asset classes based on an investment policy established for the pension plans, which is designed to achieve long-term objectives of return, while mitigating downside risk and considering expected cash flows. The current weighted-average target asset allocations are reflective of actual investments at December 31, 20112013 and 2010.2012. The investment policy is reviewed periodically in order to achieve overall objectives in light of current circumstances.

        The Company's weighted-average asset allocation and actual allocation for the qualified pension plans by asset category at December 31 is as follows:

		Target			2011						2010							Target			2013						2012
Large Cap Equity			37	%	$	5,901			32	%	$	6,297			35	%			37	%	$	7,373			30	%	$	6,766			31	%
Mid Cap Equity			4	%		750			4	%		799			5	%			4	%		938			4	%		859			4	%
Small Cap Equity			3	%		783			4	%		772			4	%			3	%		935			4	%		876			4	%
International Equity			12	%		2,041			11	%		2,379			13	%			12	%		2,485			10	%		2,448			11	%
Emerging markets Equity			2	%		353			2	%		284			2	%			2	%		617			2	%		598			3	%
Fixed Income and Cash Equivalents			34	%		6,966			37	%		6,148			35	%			34	%		9,830			40	%		8,019			37	%
Real Estate			8	%		1,843			10	%		1,125			6	%			8	%		2,460			10	%		2,242			10	%
​																	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Total			100	%	$	18,637			100	%	$	17,804			100	%			100	%	$	24,638			100	%	$	21,808			100	%
​																	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
​																	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

12. Employee Retirement Plans (Continued)

        The investment strategy is to build an efficient, well-diversified portfolio based on a long-term, strategic outlook of the investment markets. The investment market outlook utilizes both historical-based and forward-looking return forecasts to establish future return expectations for various asset classes. These return expectations are used to develop a core asset allocation based on the needs of the plan. The core asset allocation utilizes investment portfolios of various asset classes and multiple investment managers in order to help maximize the plan's return while providing multiple layers of diversification to help minimize risk.




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

12. Employee Retirement Plans (Continued)

        The following table presents the fair values of the plan assets related to the Company's pension plans within the fair value hierarchy as defined in Note 2.

        The fair values of the Company's pension plan assets as of December 31, 20112013 are as follows:

		Balance as of December 31, 2011			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)			Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)				Balance as of December 31, 2013			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)			Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Equity holdings		$	10,575		$	—		$	10,575		$	—			$	13,582		$	—		$	13,582		$	—
Fixed-income holdings			6,966			—			6,966			—				9,830			—			9,830			—
Alternative investments			1,096			—			—			1,096				1,226			—			—			1,226
​														​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Total pension plan assets		$	18,637		$	—		$	17,541		$	1,096			$	24,638		$	—		$	23,412		$	1,226
​														​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
​														​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​

        The fair values of the Company's pension plan assets as of December 31, 20102012 are as follows:

		Balance as of December 31, 2010			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)			Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)				Balance as of December 31, 2012			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)			Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Equity holdings		$	10,938		$	—		$	10,938		$	—			$	12,672		$	—		$	12,672		$	—
Fixed-income holdings			6,148			—			6,148			—				8,019			—			8,019			—
Alternative investments			718			—			—			718				1,117			—			—			1,117
​														​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Total pension plan assets		$	17,804		$	—		$	17,086		$	718			$	21,808		$	—		$	20,691		$	1,117
​														​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
​														​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​

        Level 2 investments are based on quoted prices for similar assets in markets that are not active while Level 3 investments are comprised of a real estate fund for which the fair value is determined by taking the appraised values of the properties on hand plus other assets and subtracting mortgage loans and other liabilities.

        The following table presents a reconciliation of the fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

		December 31,
		2011			2010
Balance, beginning of year		$	718		$	619
Deposits			408			—
Actual return on plan assets held at reporting date			129			99
Withdrawals			(159	)		—
Balance, end of year		$	1,096		$	718




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 20092011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

12. Employee Retirement Plans (Continued)

        The following table presents a reconciliation of the fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

		December 31,
		2013			2012
Balance, beginning of year		$	1,117		$	1,096
Deposits			41			187
Actual return on plan assets held at reporting date			149			125
Withdrawals			(81	)		(291	)
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Balance, end of year		$	1,226		$	1,117
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​

Postretirement benefits

        The Company provides postretirement healthcare benefits for certain employee groups. The postretirement healthcare plans are contributory and contain certain other cost-sharing features such as deductibles and coinsurance. The plans are unfunded. Employees do not vest until they retire from active employment with the Company and have at least twelve years of service. These benefits can be amended or terminated at anytime and are subject to the same ongoing changes as ourthe Company's healthcare benefits for employees with respect to deductible, co-insurance and participant contributions.

        Effective January 1, 2004, the postretirement healthcare benefits were extended to all active employees of the Company as of December 31, 2003. The period of coverage was reduced and the retiree contribution percentage was increased in order to keep the cost of the plan equivalent to the previous plan design.

        Maximum coverage under the plan is limited to ten years. All benefits terminate upon the death of the retiree. Employees who began working for the Company after December 31, 2003, are not eligible for postretirement healthcare benefits.




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

12. Employee Retirement Plans (Continued)

        The reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the projected benefit obligation for the Company consisted of the following:

		December 31							December 31
		2011			2010				2013			2012
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year		$	7,576		$	8,198			$	6,812		$	8,402
Service cost			263			308				250			281
Interest cost			407			455				245			360
Participant contributions			95			94				100			103
Changes in actuarial assumptions			426			(154	)			(2,085	)		(1,590	)
Benefits paid			(365	)		(294	)			(448	)		(744	)
Plan Curtailment			—			(1,031	)
​								​		​	​		​	​
Projected benefit obligation at end of year		$	8,402		$	7,576			$	4,874		$	6,812
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consisted
​								​		​	​		​	​
​								​		​	​		​	​
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consisted of:
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		$	349		$	341			$	220		$	271
Retiree health benefit obligation			8,053			7,235				4,654			6,541
​								​		​	​		​	​
		$	8,402		$	7,576			$	4,874		$	6,812
​								​		​	​		​	​
​								​		​	​		​	​

        In May 2010, in connection with the closureThe components of postretirement healthcare benefit cost consisted of the Company's manufacturing facility in Johnson City, TN substantially all the employees at this facility were terminated. This resulted in a cessation of all future benefit accruals for these employees under the Company's other post employment benefit ("OPEB") plan. The liability gainfollowing for the OPEB plan exceeded the unrecognized net actuarial loss prior to the curtailment and resulted in a gain of $1,031 of which $667 was recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statement of income for the yearyears ended December 31,

		2013			2012			2011
Component of net postretirement health benefit cost:
Service cost		$	250		$	281		$	263
Interest cost			245			360			407
Amortization of net gain			(172	)		(17	)		(61	)
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Net postretirement healthcare benefit cost		$	323		$	624		$	609
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 20092011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

12. Employee Retirement Plans (Continued)

2010 and $364 (before taxes) was recognized as a reduction to the net actuarial loss in accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31, 2010.

        The components of postretirement healthcare benefit cost consisted of the following for the years ended December 31,

		2011			2010			2009
Component of net postretirement health benefit cost:
Service cost		$	263		$	308		$	305
Interest cost			407			455			419
Amortization of net gain			(61	)		(6	)		(73	)
Curtailment gain			—			(667	)		—
Net postretirement healthcare benefit cost		$	609		$	90		$	651

        The assumed discount and healthcare cost trend rates are summarized as follows:

		Year Ended December 31										Year Ended December 31
		2011			2010			2009				2013			2012			2011
Discount rate			5.5	%		6.0	%		6.0	%			3.7	%		4.4	%		5.5	%
Immediate healthcare cost trend rate			9.0			9.0			8.5				7.0			8.0			9.0
Ultimate healthcare cost trend rate			5.0			5.0			5.0				4.5			4.5			5.0
Assumed annual reduction in trend rate			*			0.5			0.5				*			**			***
Participation			80			80			80				80			80			80

---

*

Health Care Cost Trend rate is assumed to be 7.0% beginning in 2013 gradually reducing to an ultimate rate of 4.5% in 2020.



**

Health Care Cost Trend rate is assumed to be 8.0% beginning in 2012 gradually reducing to an ultimate rate of 4.5% in 2019.



***

Health Care Cost Trend rate is assumed to be 9.0% beginning in 2011 gradually reducing to an ultimate rate of 5.0% in 2017.

        The discount rate used to determine the benefit obligation at December 31, 20112013 and 20102012 is 4.4%4.5% and 5.5%3.7%, respectively. For the years ending December 31, 20092013, the health care cost trend rate is assumed to be 7.0% for participants under 65 and 20105.0% for those over 65 beginning in 2014 gradually reducing to an ultimate rate of 4.5% in 2020 for both participants under 65 and over 65. For December 31, 2012, the combinationhealth care cost trend rate is assumed to be 8.0% for participants under 65 and 6.0% for those over 65 beginning in 2013 gradually reducing to an ultimate rate of pension4.5% in 2021 for both participants under 65 and postretirement benefit cash flows were used to develop a single equivalent discount rate as the results were materially the same. For 2011, a separate discount rate was determined for pension and postretirement benefits.over 65. For December 31, 2011, the health care cost trend rate is assumed to be 8.0% beginning in 2012 gradually reducing to an ultimate rate of 4.5% in 2019.

        A one percentage point change in the healthcare cost trend rate would have the following effect at December 31, 2011:2013:

		1% Increase			1% Decrease				1% Increase			1% Decrease
Effect on total service and interest cost		$	96		$	(81	)		$	51		$	(44	)
Effect on postretirement benefit obligation			1,013			(866	)			555			(482	)




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

12. Employee Retirement Plans (Continued)

        Amounts included in other comprehensive loss, net of tax, at December 31, 2011,2013, which have not yet been recognized in net periodic pension or OPEB cost, were net actuarial gain (loss) of ($7,185)2,912) and $96$2,234 for the pension plans and postretirement healthcare benefits,benefit plans, respectively. The estimated actuarial gain (loss) for the defined benefit plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic pension or OPEB cost during 20122014 are ($770)202) and $16$398 for the pension plans and postretirement healthcare benefits,benefit plans, respectively.




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

12. Employee Retirement Plans (Continued)

Defined contribution plan

        The Company has a defined contribution plan, which qualifies under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code and provides substantially all employees an opportunity to accumulate personal funds for their retirement. Contributions are made on a before-tax basis to these plans.the plan and are invested, at the employees' direction, among a variety of investment alternatives including, commencing January 1, 2013, a Company common stock fund designated as an employee stock ownership plan.

        As determined by the provisions of the plan, the Company matches a portion of the employees' basic voluntary contributions. The Company matching contributions to the plan were approximately $140, $123$213, $198 and $137$140 for the years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 2009,2011, respectively. Beginning January 1, 2012, the Company amended its defined contribution plan to permit non-discretionary employer contributions. This enhancementThe Company made non-discretionary employer contributions of $807 and $871 in the years ended December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.

Non-qualified plan

        The Company also maintains a supplemental non-qualified plan for certain officers and other key employees. Expense for this plan was $450 and $471 for the years ended December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. The amount accrued was $1,105 and $497 as of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. Amounts were determined based on the fair value of the defined contribution plan occurred contemporaneously with the pension plan amendments noted within this footnote under "Pension benefits".liability at December 31, 2013 and December, 31, 2012, respectively.

13. Stock-Based Compensation

Amended and Restated 2004 Stock Incentive Plan

        In connection with the IPO, in May 2010, the Company's Board of Directors and stockholders amended and restated the Company's 2004 Stock Incentive Plan (as amended and restated, the "A&R 2004 Plan") and certain outstanding award agreements thereunder, to among other things, eliminate the ability of the holders thereunder to use a promissory note to pay any portion of the exercise price of the options, to provide that the use of "net exercises" to pay any portion of the exercise price of the options shall be at the sole discretion of the committee administering the A&R 2004 Plan, and to effect certain ministerial changes under the A&R 2004 Plan. In addition, in connection with the IPO, the Board of Directors also resolved not to issue any further awards under the A&R 2004 Plan. As of December 31, 2011,2013, 37,240 shares of common stock are reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding options under the A&R 2004 Plan. All outstanding options are fully vested. All options expire 10 years from the date of grant.

2010 Stock Incentive Plan

        In connection with the IPO, in May 2010, the Company's Board of Directors and stockholders adopted the 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2010 Plan"). The 2010 Plan provides for the issuance of nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units, any of which may be performance-based, and for incentive bonuses, which




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

13. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)

may be paid in cash or stock or a combination of both, to eligible employees, officers, non-employee directors and other service providers to the Company and its subsidiaries. A maximum of 2,130,000




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

13. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)

shares of common stock may be issued pursuant to all awards under the 2010 Plan. As of December 31, 2011,2013, the Company had 1,800,2141,595,858 shares of common stock available for future issuance of awards under the 2010 Plan. The shares of common stock to be issued under the 2010 Plan will be made available from authorized and unissued Company common stock.

Stock Options

        The following table summarizes information with respect to the Company's stock option activity under the A&R 2004 Plan for the years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 2009.2011.

		December 31, 2011						December 31, 2010						December 31, 2009							December 31, 2013						December 31, 2012						December 31, 2011
		Options			Weighted average exercise price			Options			Weighted average exercise price			Options			Weighted average exercise price				Options			Weighted average exercise price			Options			Weighted average exercise price			Options			Weighted average exercise price
Outstanding—beginning of year			356,623		$	4.21			819,185		$	4.21			908,556		$	4.21				37,240		$	4.21			37,240		$	4.21			356,623		$	4.21
Granted			—			—			—			—			—			—				—			—			—			—			—			—
Canceled			—			—			—			4.21			(89,371	)		4.21				—			—			—			—			—			—
Exercised			(319,383	)		4.21			(462,562	)		—			—			—				—			—			—			—			(319,383	)		4.21
​																				​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Outstanding—end of year			37,240		$	4.21			356,623		$	4.21			819,185		$	4.21				37,240		$	4.21			37,240		$	4.21			37,240		$	4.21
​																				​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Exercisable—end of year			37,240		$	4.21			309,113		$	4.21			747,935		$	4.21				37,240		$	4.21			37,240		$	4.21			37,240		$	4.21
​																				​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
​																				​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​

        No stock options were exercised in either of the years ended December 31, 2013 or December 31, 2012. Certain of the Company's option holders exercised 319,383 stock options during the year ended December 31, 2011, of which 184,236 options were exercised utilizing a broker assisted cashless exercise. The options exercised were granted under APB 25 with an exercise price equal to fair value at date of grant, and accordingly so, no compensation expense was recorded at the time of grant. The Company did not bear the risk and rewards of the options and thus, did not record stock based compensation expense. The option holders paid the Company the required exercise price for the remaining options at the time of exercise and therefore the Company did not record any stock based compensation expense.

        In connection withAs of December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the IPO in 2010, certainweighted-average remaining contractual life of all outstanding options was 2.7, 3.7 and 4.7 years, respectively. As of December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the weighted-average remaining contractual life of all exercisable options was 2.7, 3.7 and 4.7 years, respectively.

        The aggregate intrinsic value of the Company's selling stockholders exercised 288,001 stock options at December 31, 2013 was $470 for both options outstanding and sold the underlying shares. Such stockholders paid the exercise price of such options through a net exercise. Subsequent to the IPO, certainexercisable. The aggregate intrinsic value of the Company's option holders exercised 174,571 stock options at December 31, 2012 was $379 for both options outstanding and paid the exercise price of such options through a net exercise, resulting in an additional 95,000 outstanding shares. Theexercisable. There were no options exercised in conjunction withfor the IPO as well as those exercised subsequently in the yearyears ended December 31, 2010 were granted under APB 25 with an exercise price equal to fair2013 and December 31, 2012. The aggregate intrinsic value at date of grant, and accordingly no compensation expense was recorded at the time of grant. Because of the net exercise mechanism, the option holders did not bear the risk and rewards of the options. As such, the Company recorded $2,975 of stock based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2010 related to stock options.

        On January 23, 2009, the Company entered into securities repurchase agreements with certain members of management. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company repurchased at fair value andoptions exercised during 2011 was $3,200.




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 20092011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

13. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)

subsequently retired 32,633 shares of common stock and 89,371 stock options in exchange for aggregate consideration of $1,137, comprised of a cash payment of $1,000 and the satisfaction of the remaining principal amount of $137 on promissory notes held by the members of management. As a result of the repurchase of stock options, the Company recorded $732 of compensation expense in the first quarter of 2009, which represented the fair value of the repurchased options. See footnote 16, "Redeemable stock and stockholders' equity."

        As of December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, the weighted-average remaining contractual life of all outstanding options was 4.7, 4.0 and 4.8 years, respectively. As of December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, the weighted-average remaining contractual life of all exercisable options was 4.7, 3.6 and 4.6 years, respectively.

        The aggregate intrinsic value of the options at December 31, 2011 was $388 for both options outstanding and exercisable. The aggregate intrinsic value of the options at December 31, 2010 was $3,901 and $3,382 for options outstanding and exercisable, respectively. There were no options exercised for the year ended December 31, 2009. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during 2011 and 2010 was $3,200 and $2,885, respectively.

        As of December 31, 2010, the Company had shareholders' notes receivable with recourse of $482 including accrued interest, respectively, related to the exercise of options, which are included as a component of shareholders' equity. The shareholders' notes receivable were repaid by the shareholders in conjunction with the secondary offering which closed on May 20, 2011.

Restricted Stock

        Restricted stock carries both voting and dividend rights. A summary of restricted stock activity for the yearyears ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 is as follows:

		Shares (In thousands)			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair value			Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term				Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair value			Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
Unvested at December 31, 2009			—			—			—
Granted			242,088		$	11.68			—
Vested			—			—			—
Cancelled and forfeited			—			—			—
Unvested at December 31, 2010			242,088			11.68			4.01 years				242,088		$	11.68		4.01 years
Granted			43,690			14.99			2.00 years				43,690			14.99		2.00 years
Vested			(50,111	)		11.77			—				(50,111	)		11.77		—
Cancelled and forfeited			—			—			—				—			—		—
​											​		​	​		​	​	​
Unvested at December 31, 2011			235,667		$	12.27			2.83 years				235,667			12.27		2.83 years
Granted													42,077			14.57		2.00 years
Vested													(68,921	)		12.61		—
Cancelled and forfeited													—			—		—
Expected to vest in the future at December 31, 2011			227,183		$	12.27			2.83 years
​											​		​	​		​	​	​
Unvested at December 31, 2012													208,823			12.63		1.94 years
Granted													44,022			14.78		2.00 years
Vested													(82,942	)		12.97		—
Cancelled and forfeited													—			—		—
​											​		​	​		​	​	​
Unvested at December 31, 2013													169,903		$	13.03		1.34 years
​											​		​	​		​	​	​
​											​		​	​		​	​	​
Expected to vest in the future at December 31, 2013													163,786		$	13.03		1.34 years
​											​		​	​		​	​	​
​											​		​	​		​	​	​

        The fair value of the Company's restricted stock awards is the closing stock price on the date of grant. The Company recognized $1,126 , $1,092, and $848 of compensation expense related to restricted stock awards for the years ended December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, respectively. The unrecognized compensation expense for shares expected to vest as of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 was approximately $1,218 and $1,685, respectively.

Unrestricted Stock

        The Company did not grant any shares of unrestricted stock in the year ended December 31, 2013. The Company granted 58,441, and 68,224 shares of unrestricted stock as performance based awards under the 2010 plan in the years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. The fair value of the Company's unrestricted stock awards is the closing stock price on the date of grant, or $12.94, and $15.01 per share, for grants in years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. The Company recognized $756 and $1,024 of compensation expense related to unrestricted stock awards granted for the years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. The shares of unrestricted stock subject to awards granted in 2011 were issued in March 2012, while the shares of unrestricted stock subject to awards granted in 2012 were issued in March 2013. There is no




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 20092011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

13. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)

        The fair valuerequired vesting period for the unrestricted shares of stock as recipients are entitled to the shares following grant and satisfaction of performance requirements of the Company's restricted stock awards is the closing stock price on the dateaward, both of grant. The Company recognized $848 and $419 of compensation expense related to restricted stock awards forwhich occurred by the years ended December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. The unrecognized compensation expense for shares expected to vest as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was approximately $2,154 and $2,311, respectively. Meanwhile, no shares vested in 2010.

Unrestricted Stock

        The Company granted 68,224 and 44,350 shares of unrestricted stock as performance based awards under the 2010 plan in the years ended December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. The fair value of the Company's unrestricted stock awards is the closing stock price on the date of grant, or $15.01 and $14.32 per share, for grants in years ended December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. The Company recognized $1,024 and $635 of compensation expense related to unrestricted stock awards granted for the years ended December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. The unrestricted awards granted in 2010 were issued in March 2011, while the awards granted in 2011 will be issued in March 2012. There is no required vesting period for the unrestricted stock awards as recipients are entitled to shares upon grant and performance satisfaction, which both have occurred by the years ended December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2011.

Restricted Stock Units

        Restricted stock units ("RSUs") are granted to both non-employee directors and management. Prior to 2013, RSUs were only issued to directors. However, in 2013, the boardCompany changed the timing and form of management's annual stock grants and began to grant RSUs to management. For both non-employee directors and maangement, RSUs carry dividend equivalent rights but do not carry voting rights. Each RSU represents the right to receive one share of the Company's common stock and areis subject to time based vesting restrictions. Participants are not required to pay any consideration to the Company at either the time of grant of a RSU or upon vesting.

        In 2013, the Company's compensation committee approved a retirement provision for RSUs issued to management. The retirement provision provides that members of management who either (1) are age 65 or older or (2) have at least ten years of service and are at least age 55 will continue to vest in unvested RSUs upon retirement. As the retirement provision does not qualify as a substantive service condition, the Company incurred $261 in additional expense in the year ended December 31, 2013 as a result of accelerated stock based compensation expense for employees who meet the thresholds of the retirement provision. The Company's nominating and governance committee also approved a retirement provision for the RSUs issued to non-employee directors that accelerates the vesting of such RSUs upon retirement. Such awards are fully expensed immediately upon grant in accordance with ASC 718, as the retirement provision eliminates substantive service conditions associated with the awards.




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

13. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)

A summary of RSU activity for the yearyears ended December 31, 20112013 and 2012 is as follows:

		Shares (In thousands)			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair value			Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term				Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair value			Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
Unvested at December 31, 2010			—			—			—				—			—			—
Granted			20,612		$	15.21			2.00 years				20,612		$	15.21			—
Vested			1,719			15.25			—				(1,719	)		15.25			—
Cancelled and forfeited			—			—			—				—			—			—
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Unvested at December 31, 2011			18,893		$	15.20			2.00 years				18,893			15.20			2.00 years
Granted													14,367			14.35			1.02 years
Vested													(7,214	)		15.21			—
Cancelled and forfeited													—			—			—
Expected to vest in the future at December 31, 2011			18,893		$	15.20			2.00 years
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Unvested at December 31, 2012													26,046			14.73			0.72 years
Granted													70,324			14.52			0.82 years
Vested													(53,022	)		14.68
Cancelled and forfeited													—			—			—
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Unvested at December 31, 2013													43,348		$	14.46			1.55 years
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Expected to vest in the future at December 31, 2013													41,787		$	14.46			1.55 years
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​
​											​		​	​		​	​		​	​

        The Company recognized $852 of compensation expense related to the RSU awards in the year ended December 31, 2013. The unrecognized compensation expense, net of expected forfeitures, calculated under the fair value method for shares that were, as of December 31, 2013, expected to be earned through the requisite service period was approximately $357 and is expected to be recognized through 2016.

        Vested RSU'sRSUs are "settled" by the delivery to the participant or a designated brokerage firm of one share of common stock per vested RSU as soon as reasonably practicable following a termination of service of the participant that constitutes a separation from service, and in all events no later than the end of the calendar year in which such termination of service occurs or, if later, two and one-half months after such termination of service.




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 20092011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

13. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)

Performance Share Unit Awards

        The Company granted performance share units as performance based awards under the 2010 Plan in the first quarter of 2013 that are subject to performance conditions. Upon meeting the prescribed performance conditions, in the first quarter of the year subsequent to grant, employees will be issued RSUs of which one third will vest immediately upon issuance. The remaining RSU's issued will be subject to vesting over the two years following the end of the calendarperformance period. In accordance with ASC 718, such awards are being expensed over the vesting period from the date of grant through the requisite service period, based upon the most probable outcome. As of December 31, 2013, the performance conditions for share units granted in the year ended December 31, 2013 have been met. Thus, in the first quarter of 2014, management estimates that 74,516 performance shares units will be converted into RSU's. Upon conversion the first third of the RSU's issued will immediately vest and converted into common shares. The remaining two thirds of the RSU's issued will vest ratably over the remaining two-year vesting period. The fair value per share of the awards is the closing stock price on the date of grant, which such terminationwas $14.40. The Company recognized $609 of employment occurs or, if later, twocompensation expense related to the awards in the year ended December 31, 2013. The unrecognized compensation expense calculated under the fair value method for shares that were, as of December 31, 2013, expected to be recognized through the requisite service period was $453 and one-half months after such termination of employment.is expected to be recognized through 2016.

14. Earnings Per Share

        Basic earnings per share of common stock is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share of common stock is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares and common stock equivalents related to the assumed exercise of stock options, using the two-class method. Stock options for which the exercise price exceeds the average fair value have an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per share and are excluded from the calculation. There were no shares excluded from diluted earnings per share for the years presented.

        Subsequent to the payment of the third quarter 2010 dividend, which was the first dividend payment made subsequent to the IPO, management retroactively approved allAll restricted stockholders for shares issued and outstanding toRSU holders participate in dividends. As such,Thus, the Company has calculated earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for common stock and participating securities according to dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Under this method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to common shares and participating securities based on their respective rights to receive dividends.

		2011			2010			2009
Basic earnings per common share
Net income		$	19,040		$	1,662		$	9,843
Less income allocated to participating securities			233			12			—
Net income allocated to common shareholders		$	18,807		$	1,650		$	9,843
Weighted average common shares outstanding			21,650,736			18,799,761			14,423,470
		$	0.87		$	0.09		$	0.68
Earnings per common share assuming dilution
Net income		$	19,040		$	1,662		$	9,843
Less income allocated to participating securities			233			12			—
Net income allocated to common shareholders		$	18,807		$	1,650		$	9,843
Weighted average common shares outstanding			21,650,736			18,799,761			14,423,470
Incremental shares applicable to stock based compensation			163,881			487,685			325,328
Weighted average common shares assuming dilution			21,814,617			19,287,446			14,748,798
		$	0.85		$	0.09		$	0.67




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 20092011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

14. Earnings Per Share (Continued)

(distributed and undistributed) are allocated to common shares and participating securities based on their respective rights to receive dividends.

		2013			2012			2011
Basic earnings per common share
Net income		$	11,639		$	6,012		$	19,040
Less income allocated to participating securities			179			69			233
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Net income allocated to common shareholders		$	11,460		$	5,943		$	18,807
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Weighted average common shares outstanding			22,029,374			21,894,569			21,650,736
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
		$	0.52		$	0.27		$	0.87
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Earnings per common share assuming dilution
Net income		$	11,639		$	6,012		$	19,040
Less income allocated to participating securities			179			69			233
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Net income allocated to common shareholders		$	11,460		$	5,943		$	18,807
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Weighted average common shares outstanding			22,029,374			21,894,569			21,650,736
Incremental shares applicable to stock based compensation			37,800			69,742			163,881
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Weighted average common shares assuming dilution			22,067,174			21,964,311			21,814,617
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
		$	0.51		$	0.26		$	0.85
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​

15. Commitments and Contingencies

        In the ordinary course of business, the Company is engaged in various litigation including product liability and intellectual property disputes. However, the Company does not believe that any pending litigation will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, consolidated results of operations or liquidity. In addition, the Company is not currently a party to any environmental-related claims or legal matters.

16. Redeemable stock and stockholders' equity

Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred StockImpairment of Assets Held For Sale

        During the first quarter of 2013, the Company lowered the asking price for its assets held for sale. The authorized capital stockCompany recorded assets held for sale on its balance sheet in conjunction with the closure of the Company includes 100,000 shares of preferred stock, of which 65,000 sharesJohnson City, Tennessee location in 2010. The land and building have been designated as Series A preferred stock ("Series A"). All shares of Series A have been redeemed and therefore no shares of Series A were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2011 and 2010. The par value of Series A is $0.01 per share.

        The Series A is non-voting except as required by Delaware law, and Series A stockholders do not haveheld for sale since the rightclosure. In an effort to elect any members ofstimulate sales activity, the Company's Board of Directors. The Series A ranks seniorCompany lowered the listed sale price which caused the Company to reassess the Series B and C preferred stock and common stock related to dividend rights and distributions upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. Dividends accrue on the Series A at a rate of 10% per annum on the statedfair value of the Series A plus 10%assets held for sale. The Company valued the fair value of the aggregate of all annual dividends that a holder of Series A will have become entitled to receive but which has not been declared and paid by the Company.assets held for sale based upon Level 2 market price inputs for similar assets. The Company accretes dividends basedused comparable properties sold and held for sale in the Johnson City, TN industrial real estate market to determine an appropriate fair value. Consequently, the Company incurred a $647 loss recognized on the termsimpairment of assets held for sale and is included in "Impairment of assets held for sale" on the Series A set forth in the Company's certificateConsolidated Statements of incorporation.

        The Series A is subject to redemption at anytime, in whole or in part, at the option of the Board of Directors, which is controlled by the preferred stockholders and thus outside the control of the Company, at a redemption price per share equal to Series A stated value of $1,000 per share plus all accrued but unpaid cumulative dividends.

Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock

        One share of preferred stock has been designated as Series B preferred stock ("Series B") and no shares were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010. The par value of Series B is $0.01 per share.

        In addition to any voting rights to which the holders of the Series B may be entitled by law, so long as the Series B remains outstanding, the holder of the share, voting as a single series, are entitled to elect four directors to the Company's Board of Directors. The Series B ranks junior to the Series A, on parity with the Series C preferred stock and senior to the common stock as to dividend rights and distributions upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. The holder of Series B is not entitled to receive dividends. However, subject to certain exceptions, so long as any shares of Series B or Series C preferred stock are outstanding, the Company may not pay dividends or make other distributions with respect to its junior securities (including common stock)Income (Loss). This dividend restriction may be waived by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series B and Series C preferred stock, voting as a single class.




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 20092011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

16. Redeemable stock and stockholders'17. Stockholders' equity (Continued)

        The Series B is subject to mandatory redemption at any time the holder's ownership of both preferred stock and common stock falls below certain percentages. The fixed redemption price per share is $1,000 per share, which equals the initial amount paid for the share. At the time of any such redemption, any members of the Company's Board of Directors elected by the Series B shall cease to be members of the Board without further action of any kind by the Company or its stockholders. The Series B share was redeemed in conjunction with the IPO in May of 2010.

Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock

        One shareThe Company is authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, has been designated as Series Bpar value $0.01 per share. Subject to any limitations under law or the Company's certificate of incorporation, the Company's board of directors is authorized to provide for the issuance of the shares of preferred stock ("Series C")in one or more series; to establish the number of shares to be included in each series; and to fix the designation, powers, privileges, preferences, relative participating, optional or other rights (if any), and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of the shares of each series. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, no shares of preferred stock were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010. The par value of Series C is $0.01 per share.

        In addition to any voting rights to which the holders of the Series C may be entitled by law, so long as the Series C remains outstanding, the holder of the share, voting as a single series, is entitled to elect two directors to the Company's Board of Directors. The Series C ranks junior to the Series A, on a parity with the Series B preferred stock and senior to the common stock as to dividend rights and distributions upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. The holder of Series C is not entitled to receive dividends. However, subject to certain exceptions, so long as any shares of Series B or Series C preferred stock are outstanding, the Company may not pay dividends or make other distributions with respect to its junior securities (including common stock). This dividend restriction may be waived by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series B and Series C preferred stock, voting as a single class.

        The Series C is subject to mandatory redemption at any time the holder's beneficial ownership of both preferred stock and common stock falls below certain percentages. The fixed redemption price per share is $1,000 per share, which equals the initial amount paid for the share. At the time of any such redemption, any members of the Company's Board of Directors elected by the Series C shall cease to be members of the Board without further action of any kind by the Company or its stockholders. The Series C share was redeemed in conjunction with the IPO in May of 2010.outstanding.

Common Stock

        The Company has 200,000,000 shares of common stock authorized, of which 22,020,69422,223,454 and 21,579,65522,130,996 shares were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 20112013 and 2010,2012, respectively. The par value of the common stock is $0.01 per share.

        The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, common stockholders would be entitled to share ratably in the Company's assets and funds remaining after payment of liabilities and after provision is made for each class of stock having preference over the Company's common stock, including Series A, B and C preferred stock.liabilities.




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 20092011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

16. Redeemable stock and stockholders' equity (Continued)

Deferred Stock Plan

        The Company has previously issued to certain members of management deferred common stock units and deferred preferred stock units, in each case representing the right to receive less than 1% of its fully-diluted equity capitalization. These deferred units were issued in consideration for the cancellation of accrued award balances in the Douglas Dynamics, LLC Long Term Incentive Plan. Deferred units were issued at a price equal to the fair value of the common stock at the date of issuance. Deferred units have all rights of common and preferred shareholders, excluding voting rights, and convert to common and preferred stock upon a change in control, or initial public offering of the Company's stock. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010 there were no deferred preferred stock units outstanding.

        As of both December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company had no deferred common stock units outstanding. In the fourth quarter of 2010, the 174,229 deferred stock units converted into common stock, subsequent to the IPO of the Company's stock, upon expiration of the lock-up agreement.

Common Stock Repurchase

        On January 23, 2009, the Company entered into securities repurchase agreements with certain members of management. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company repurchased at fair value and subsequently retired 32,633 shares of common stock and 89,371 stock options in exchange for aggregate consideration of $1,137, comprised of a cash payment of $1,000 and the satisfaction of the remaining principal amount of $137 on promissory notes held by the members of management. As a result of the repurchase of stock options, the Company recorded $732 of compensation expense in the first quarter of 2009, which represented the fair value of the repurchased options.




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

17.18. Valuation and qualifying accounts

        The Company's valuation and qualifying accounts for the years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 20092011 are as follows:

		Balance at beginning of year			Additions charged to earnings			Changes to reserve, net(1)			Balance at end of year				Balance at beginning of year			Additions charged to earnings			Changes to reserve, net(1)			Balance at end of year
Year ended December 31, 2013
Allowance for doubtful accounts															$	600		$	329		$	122		$	1,051
Reserves for inventory																1,199			757			(357	)		1,599
Valuation of deferred tax assets																1,374			—			21			1,395
Year ended December 31, 2012
Allowance for doubtful accounts															$	1,247		$	259		$	(906	)	$	600
Reserves for inventory																1,288			715			(804	)		1,199
Valuation of deferred tax assets																830			—			544			1,374
Year ended December 31, 2011
Allowance for doubtful accounts		$	1,200		$	1,106		$	(1,059	)	$	1,247			$	1,200		$	1,106		$	(1,059	)	$	1,247
Reserves for inventory			1,404			1,080			(1,196	)		1,288				1,404			1,080			(1,196	)		1,288
Valuation of deferred tax assets			877			—			(47	)		830				877			—			(47	)		830
Year ended December 31, 2010
Allowance for doubtful accounts		$	755		$	966		$	(521	)	$	1,200
Reserves for inventory			1,931			930			(1,457	)		1,404
Valuation of deferred tax assets			566			343			(32	)		877
Year ended December 31, 2009
Allowance for doubtful accounts		$	622		$	281		$	(148	)	$	755
Reserves for inventory			1,736			1,347			(1,153	)		1,931
Valuation of deferred tax assets			1,695			84			(1,213	)		566

---

(1)

Deductions from the allowance for doubtful accounts equal accounts receivable written off, less recoveries, against the allowance. Deductions from the reserves for inventory excess and obsolete items equal inventory written off against the reserve as items were disposed of. Deductions to the valuation of deferred tax assets relate to the reversals due to changes in management's judgments regarding the future realization of the underlying deferred tax assets.

18. Restructuring

        On April 27, 2009, the Company announced a plan to close its Johnson City, TN manufacturing facility and move production from this facility to its Milwaukee, WI and Rockland, ME facilities. The company completed the closure of this facility as of August 31, 2010. The Company expects to realize significant annual cost savings and improved customer delivery performance as a result. The closure has resulted in the elimination of approximately 100 positions in Johnson City and the addition of approximately 50 positions in Rockland and approximately 35 positions in Milwaukee.

        Related to the facility closure, the Company recorded $50 of employee termination costs and $1,385 for other closure costs for the year ended December 31, 2010. Restructuring expenses of $1,054 were recorded for the year ended December 31, 2009. These costs are included in the selling, general and administrative expense line in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. For the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company did not incur any restructuring charges, nor does the Company expect to incur any additional costs related to the closure in the future.




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 20092011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

18. Restructuring (Continued)19. Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by Component

        The following represents a reconciliation of changes in the restructuring reserves relatedChanges to this project through December 31, 2011.

		Employee Termination Costs			Other Exit Costs			Total
Accrued restructuring reserves as of December 31, 2008		$	—		$	—		$	—
Activity during year ended December 31, 2009:
Charges to earnings			690			364			1,054
Payments			—			(364	)		(364	)
Accrued restructuring reserves as of December 31, 2009		$	690		$	—		$	690
Activity during year ended December 31, 2010:
Charges to earnings			50			1,385			1,435
Payments			(710	)		(1,385	)		(2,095	)
Accrued restructuring reserves as of December 31, 2010		$	30		$	—		$	30
Payments			(30	)		—			(30	)
Accrued restructuring reserves as of December 31, 2011		$	—		$	—		$	—

        In connection with the restructuring, the Company reassessed the useful lives of its manufacturing facility and certain equipment. As a result of this assessment, the Company assigned shorter useful lives to these assets and recorded accelerated depreciation of $2,071accumulated other comprehensive loss by component for the year ended December 31, 2010. This change in estimate reduced basic and diluted earnings per share by $0.07 and $0.07 for the year ended December 31, 2010. The Company recorded accelerated depreciation of $900 for the year ended December 31, 2009. This change in estimate reduced basic and diluted earnings per share by $0.04 and $0.04 for the year ended December 31, 2009.2013 is as follows:

        Because of actions taken

		Unrealized Net Loss on Interest Rate Swap			Retiree Health Benefit Obligation			Pension Obligation			Total
Balance at December 31, 2012		$	(344	)	$	1,063		$	(7,803	)	$	(7,084	)
Other comprehensive gain (loss) before reclassifications			(22	)		1,066			4,154			5,197
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss(1)			182			105			737			1,025
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Balance at December 31, 2013		$	(184	)	$	2,234		$	(2,912	)	$	(862	)
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​

---

(1)

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss:

		December 31, 2013
Amortization of Other Postretirement Benefit items:
Actuarial loss(a)			172
Tax benefit			(67	)
​	​	​	​	​
Reclassification net of tax		$	105
​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​
Amortization of pension items:
Actuarial loss(a)		$	1,205
Tax benefit			(468	)
​	​	​	​	​
Reclassification net of tax		$	737
​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​
Realized losses on interest rate swap reclassified to interest expense			297
Tax benefit			(115	)
​	​	​	​	​
Reclassification net of tax		$	182
​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​

---

(a)

These components are included in the restructuring, the Johnson City property is being actively marketed for sale and is classified as held for salecomputation of benefit plan costs in the consolidated balance sheet.

19. Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)

Note 12.

		2011
		First			Second			Third			Fourth
Net sales		$	23,490		$	71,557		$	53,495		$	60,256
Gross profit		$	9,071		$	26,338		$	16,494		$	19,914
Income (loss) before taxes		$	(475	)	$	15,389		$	6,291		$	9,167
Net income (loss)		$	(800	)	$	9,723		$	3,967		$	6,150
Basic net earnings (loss) per common share attributable to common shareholders		$	(0.04	)	$	0.44		$	0.18		$	0.28
Earnings (loss) per common share assuming dilution attributable to common shareholders		$	(0.04	)	$	0.44		$	0.18		$	0.28
Dividends per share		$	0.57		$	0.20		$	0.20		$	0.21




Table of Contents


Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2011, 20102013, 2012 and 20092011

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)

19.20. Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) (Continued)

		2013
		First			Second			Third			Fourth
Net sales		$	14,141		$	55,156		$	52,026		$	72,997
Gross profit		$	4,326		$	18,878		$	15,044		$	27,402
Income (loss) before taxes		$	(5,543	)	$	9,261		$	694		$	14,605
Net income (loss)		$	(3,404	)	$	5,909		$	603		$	8,531
Basic net earnings (loss) per common share attributable to common shareholders		$	(0.15	)	$	0.26		$	0.03		$	0.38
Earnings (loss) per common share assuming dilution attributable to common shareholders		$	(0.15	)	$	0.26		$	0.02		$	0.38
Dividends per share		$	0.21		$	0.21		$	0.21		$	0.21




		2010													2012
		First			Second			Third			Fourth				First			Second			Third			Fourth
Net sales		$	14,647		$	66,243		$	47,448		$	48,457			$	8,560		$	65,499		$	37,774		$	28,200
Gross profit		$	1,980		$	25,061		$	15,227		$	18,033			$	1,820		$	23,060		$	11,566		$	7,517
Income (loss) before taxes		$	(9,424	)	$	(1,302	)	$	4,464		$	8,796			$	(6,235	)	$	13,719		$	3,091		$	(419	)
Net income (loss)		$	(5,719	)	$	75		$	2,185		$	5,121			$	(4,268	)	$	8,972		$	2,346		$	(1,038	)
Basic net earnings (loss) per common share attributable to common shareholders		$	(0.40	)	$	—		$	0.10		$	0.24			$	(0.19	)	$	0.41		$	0.11		$	(0.05	)
Earnings (loss) per common share assuming dilution attributable to common shareholders		$	(0.40	)	$	—		$	0.10		$	0.23			$	(0.19	)	$	0.40		$	0.10		$	(0.05	)
Dividends per share		$	—		$	—		$	0.18		$	0.20			$	0.21		$	0.21		$	0.21		$	0.21

        Due to changes in stock prices during the year and timing of issuance of shares, the sum of quarterly earnings per share may not equal the annual earnings per share.