UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

[X] Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20102011

or

[ ] Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from ______ to _______

Commission Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter; IRS Employer
File Number State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization Identification No.
001-14881 MIDAMERICAN ENERGY HOLDINGS COMPANY 94-2213782
  (An Iowa Corporation)  
  666 Grand Avenue, Suite 500  
  Des Moines, Iowa 50309-2580 
  515-242-4300  
     
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Sectio nSection 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ox No o 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the d efinitionsdefinitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer o
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer x
Smaller reporting company o  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).Yes o No x

All of the shares of common equity of MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company are privately held by a limited group of investors. As of January 31, 2011,2012, 74,609,001 shares of common stock were outstanding.





TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
PART I
   
Mine Safety Disclosures
   
PART II
   
   
PART III
   
   
PART IV
   
 
 


2i



Definition of Abbreviations and Industry Terms

When used in Part I, Items 1 through 4, and Part II, Items 5 through 7A and Items 9, 9A and 9B, the following terms have the definitions indicated.
MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and Related Entities
MEHCMidAmerican Energy Holdings Company
CompanyMidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and its subsidiaries
PacifiCorpPacifiCorp and its subsidiaries
MidAmerican FundingMidAmerican Funding, LLC
MidAmerican EnergyMidAmerican Energy Company
Northern Natural GasNorthern Natural Gas Company
Kern RiverKern River Gas Transmission Company
Northern Powergrid HoldingsNorthern Powergrid Holdings Company
MidAmerican Energy Pipeline GroupConsists of Northern Natural Gas and Kern River
MidAmerican RenewablesConsists of MidAmerican Renewables, LLC and CalEnergy Philippines
CE CasecnanCE Casecnan Water and Energy Company, Inc.
HomeServicesHomeServices of America, Inc. and its subsidiaries
ETTElectric Transmission Texas, LLC
Domestic Regulated Businesses
PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy Company, Northern Natural Gas Company
 and Kern River Gas Transmission Company
UtilitiesPacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy Company
Pipeline CompaniesNorthern Natural Gas Company and Kern River Gas Transmission Company
Distribution CompaniesNorthern Powergrid (Northeast) Limited and Northern Powergrid (Yorkshire) plc
Berkshire HathawayBerkshire Hathaway Inc. and its subsidiaries
TopazTopaz Solar Farms LLC
Topaz ProjectTopaz Solar Farms LLC's 550-megawatt solar project
Agua CalienteAgua Caliente Solar, LLC
Agua Caliente ProjectAgua Caliente Solar, LLC's 290-megawatt solar project
Certain Industry Terms
AFUDCAllowance for Funds Used During Construction
BcfBillion cubic feet
CAIRClean Air Interstate Rule
CPUCCalifornia Public Utilities Commission
CSAPRCross-State Air Pollution Rule
Dodd-Frank Reform ActDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
DthDecatherms
DSMDemand-side Management
EBAEnergy Balancing Account
ECAMEnergy Cost Adjustment Mechanism
EPAUnited States Environmental Protection Agency
ERCOTElectric Reliability Council of Texas
FERCFederal Energy Regulatory Commission
GEMAGas and Electricity Markets Authority
GHGGreenhouse Gases
GHG ReportingGreenhouse Gases Reporting
GWhGigawatt Hours

ii



Definition of Abbreviations and Industry Terms (continued)
Certain Industry Terms (continued)
IPUCIdaho Public Utilities Commission
IUBIowa Utilities Board
kVKilovolt
LNGLiquefied Natural Gas
LDCLocal Distribution Company
MATSMercury and Air Toxics Standards
MISOMidwest Independent Transmission System Operator, Inc.
MWMegawatts
MWhMegawatt Hours
NRCNuclear Regulatory Commission
OPUCOregon Public Utility Commission
PCAMPower Cost Adjustment Mechanism
PTAMPost Test-year Adjustment Mechanism
RACRenewable Adjustment Clause
RCRAResource Conservation and Recovery Act
RECRenewable Energy Credit
RPSRenewable Portfolio Standards
RTORegional Transmission Organization
SIPState Implementation Plan
SECUnited States Securities and Exchange Commission
TAMTransition Adjustment Mechanism
UPSCUtah Public Service Commission
WECCWestern Electricity Coordinating Council
WPSCWyoming Public Service Commission
WUTCWashington Utilities and Transportation Commission


iii



Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains statements that do not directly or exclusively relate to historical facts. These statements are "forwar d-looking"forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements can typically be identified by the use of forward-looking words, such as "will," "may," "could," "project," "believe," "anticipate," "expect," "estimate," "continue," "intend," "potential," "plan," "forecast" and similar terms. These statements are based upon the Company's current intentions, assumptions, expectations and beliefs and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other important factors. Many of these factors are outside the control of the Company's controlCompany and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the Company'ssuch forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others:
•    general economic, political and business conditions, as well as changes in laws and regulations affecting the Company's operations or related industries;
•    changes in, and compliance with, environmental laws, regulations, decisions and policies that could, amo ng other items, increase operating and capital costs, reduce generating facility output, accelerate generating facility retirements or delay generating facility construction or acquisition;
•    the outcome of general rate cases and other proceedings conducted by regulatory commissions or other governmental and legal bodies;
•    changes in economic, industry or weather conditions, as well as demographic trends, that could affect customer growth and usage, electricity and natural gas supply or the Company's ability to obtain long-term contracts with customers and suppliers;
•    a high degree of variance between actual and forecasted load that could impact the Company's hedging strategy and the cost of balancing its generation resources and wholesale activities with its retail load obligations;
•    performance and availability of the Company's generating facilities, including the impacts of outages or repairs, transmission constraints, weather and operating conditions;
•    changes in prices, availability and demand for both purchases and sales of wholesale electricity, coal, natural gas, other fuel sources and fuel transportation that could have a significant impact on generating capacity and energy costs;
•    the financial condition and creditworthiness of the Company's significant customers and suppliers;
•    changes in business strategy or development plans;
•    availability, terms and deployment of capital, including reductions in demand for investment-grade commercial paper, debt securities and other sources of debt financing and volatility in the London Interbank Offered Rate, the base interest rate for MEHC's and its subsidiaries' credit facilities;
•    changes in MEHC's and its subsidiaries' cr edit ratings;
•    risks relating to nuclear generation;
•    the impact of derivative contracts used to mitigate or manage volume, price and interest rate risk, including increased collateral requirements, and changes in commodity prices, interest rates and other conditions that affect the fair value of derivative contracts;
•    the impact of inflation on costs and our ability to recover such costs in regulated rates;
•    increases in employee healthcare costs;
•    the impact of investment performance and changes in interest rates, legislation, healthcare cost trends, mortality and morbidity on pension and other postretirement benefits expense and funding requirements;
•    changes in the residential real estate brokerage and mortgage industries and regulations that could affect brokerage and mortgage transaction levels;
•    unanticipated construction delays, changes in costs, receipt of required permits and authorizations, ability to fund capital projects and other factors that could affect future generating facilities and infrastructure additions;
•    the impact of new accounting guidance or changes in current accounting estimates and assumptions on the Company's consolidated financial results;
•    the Company's ability to successfully integrate future acquired operations into its business;
general economic, political and business conditions, as well as changes in laws and regulations affecting the Company's operations or related industries;
changes in, and compliance with, environmental laws, regulations, decisions and policies that could, among other items, increase operating and capital costs, reduce generating facility output, accelerate generating facility retirements or delay generating facility construction or acquisition;
the outcome of general rate cases and other proceedings conducted by regulatory commissions or other governmental and legal bodies and the Company's ability to recover costs in a timely manner;
changes in economic, industry, competition or weather conditions, as well as demographic trends, that could affect customer growth and usage, electricity and natural gas supply or the Company's ability to obtain long-term contracts with customers and suppliers;
a high degree of variance between actual and forecasted load that could impact the Company's hedging strategy and the cost of balancing its generation resources and wholesale activities with its retail load obligations;
performance and availability of the Company's generating facilities, including the impacts of outages and repairs, transmission constraints, weather and operating conditions;
changes in prices, availability and demand for both purchases and sales of wholesale electricity, coal, natural gas, other fuel sources and fuel transportation that could have a significant impact on generating capacity and energy costs;
the financial condition and creditworthiness of the Company's significant customers and suppliers;
changes in business strategy or development plans;
availability, terms and deployment of capital, including reductions in demand for investment-grade commercial paper, debt securities and other sources of debt financing and volatility in the London Interbank Offered Rate, the base interest rate for MEHC's and its subsidiaries' credit facilities;
changes in MEHC's and its subsidiaries' credit ratings;
risks relating to nuclear generation;
the impact of derivative contracts used to mitigate or manage volume, price and interest rate risk, including increased collateral requirements, and changes in commodity prices, interest rates and other conditions that affect the fair value of derivative contracts;
the impact of inflation on costs and our ability to recover such costs in regulated rates;
increases in employee healthcare costs;
the impact of investment performance and changes in interest rates, legislation, healthcare cost trends, mortality and morbidity on pension and other postretirement benefits expense and funding requirements;
changes in the residential real estate brokerage and mortgage industries and regulations that could affect brokerage and mortgage transaction levels;
unanticipated construction delays, changes in costs, receipt of required permits and authorizations, ability to fund capital projects and other factors that could affect future generating facilities and infrastructure additions;
the availability and price of natural gas in applicable geographic regions;
the impact of new accounting guidance or changes in current accounting estimates and assumptions on the Company's consolidated financial results;
the Company's ability to successfully integrate future acquired operations into its business;

3iv



•    other risks or unforeseen events, including the effects of storms, floods, litigation, wars, terrorism, embargoes and other catastrophic events; and
•    other business or investment considerations that may be disclosed from time to time in MEHC's filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") or in other publicly disseminated written documents.
other risks or unforeseen events, including the effects of storms, floods, litigation, wars, terrorism, embargoes and other catastrophic events; and
other business or investment considerations that may be disclosed from time to time in MEHC's filings with the SEC or in other publicly disseminated written documents.

Further details of the potential risks and uncertainties affecting the Company are described in Item 1A and other discussions contained in this Form 10-K. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. The foregoing review of factors should not be construed as exclusive.


4v



PART I

Item 1.    Business

General

MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company ("MEHC")MEHC is a holding company that owns subsidiaries principally engaged in energy businesses (collectively with its subsidiaries, the "Company"). MEHCand is a consolidated subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. ("Berkshire Hathaway").Hathaway. The balance of MEHC's common stock is owned by Mr. Walter Scott, Jr., a member of MEHC's Board of Directors (along with family members and related entities), a member of MEHC's Board of Directors, and Mr. Gregory E. Abel, a member of MEHC's Board of Directors and MEHC'sChairman, President and Chief Executive Officer. As of January 31, 2011,2012, Berkshire Hathaway, Mr. Scott (along with family members and related entities) and Mr. Abel owned 89.8%, 9.4% and 0.8%, respectively, of MEHC's voting common stock.

In March 2006, MEHC and Berkshire Hathaway entered into an Equity Commitment Agreement (the "Berkshire Equity Commitment") pursuant to which Berkshire Hathaway has agreed to purchase up to $3.5$2.0 billion of MEHC's common equity upon any requests authorized from time to time by MEHC's Board of Directors. The proceeds of any such equity contribution shall only be used for the purpose of (a) paying when due MEHC's debt obligations and (b) funding the general corporate purposes and capital requirements of MEHC's regulated subsidiaries. B erkshireBerkshire Hathaway will have up to 180 days to fund any such request in increments of at least $250 million pursuant to one or more drawings authorized by MEHC's Board of Directors. The funding of each drawing will be made by means of a cash equity contribution to MEHC in exchange for additional shares of MEHC's common stock. In March 2010, MEHC and Berkshire Hathaway amended theThe Berkshire Equity Commitment extending the term fromexpires on February 28, 2011 to February 28, 2014 and reducing the $3.5 billion to $2.0 billion effective March 1, 2011.2014.

The Company's operations are organized and managed as eight distinct platforms: PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Funding LLC ("MidAmerican Funding") (which primarily consists of MidAmerican Energy Company ("MidAmerican Energy"))Energy), Northern Natural Gas, Company ("Northern Natural Gas"), Kern River, Gas Transmission Company ("Kern River"), CE Electric UK Funding Company ("CE Electric UK")Northern Powergrid Holdings (which primarily consists of Northern Electric DistributionPowergrid (Northeast) Limited ("and Northern Electric") and Yorkshire Electricity Distribution plc ("Yorkshire Electricity"))Powergrid (Yorkshire) plc), CalEnergy Philippines (which owns a majority interest in the Casecnan project in the Philippines), MidAmerican Renewables, LLC (formerly CalEnergy U.S. (which, which owns interests in independent power projects in the United States), and HomeServices of America, Inc. (collectively with its subsidiaries, "HomeServices").HomeServices. Through these platforms, the Company owns and operates an electric utility company in the Western United States, an electric and natural gas utility company in the Midwestern United States, two interstate natural gas pipeline companies in the United States, two electricity distribution companies in Great Britain, a diversified portfolio of independent power projects and the second largest residential real estate brokerage firm in the United States.

MEHC's energy subsidiaries generate, transmit, store, distribute and supply energy. Approximately 91%93% of the Company's operating income during 20102011 was generated from rate-regulated businesses. As of December 31, 2010,2011, MEHC's electric and natural gas utility subsidiaries served 6.26.3 million electricity customers and end-users and 0.7 million natural gas customers. MEHC's natural gas pipeline subsidiaries operate interstate natural gas transmission systems that transported approximately 8% of the total natural gas consumed in the United States during 2010.2011. These pipeline subsidiaries have approximately 17,00016,600 miles of pipeli nepipeline and a design capacity of approximately 7.4 billion cubic feet ("Bcf")7.7 Bcf of natural gas per day. As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Company owned approximately 19,000 megawatts ("MW")19,700 MW of generation in operation and under construction, including approximately 18,00018,700 MW of generation that is part of the regulated asset base of its electric utility businesses and approximately 1,000 MW of generation in independent power projects.

Refer to Note 22 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional reportable segment information regarding MEHC's platforms. Effective December 31, 2011, the Company changed its reportable segments. Northern Natural Gas and Kern River have been aggregated in the reportable segment called MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group and CalEnergy Philippines and MidAmerican Renewables, LLC have been aggregated in the reportable segment called MidAmerican Renewables.

MEHC's principal executive offices are located at 666 Grand Avenue, Suite 500, Des Moines, Iowa 50309-2580 and its telephone number is (515) 242-4300. MEHC was initially incorporated in 1971 as CalEnergyCalifornia Energy Company, Inc. under the laws of the state of Delaware and through a merger transaction in 1999 was reincorporated in Iowa under the name MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company.


51



PacifiCorp

General

PacifiCorp, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of MEHC, is a United States regulated electric utility company headquartered in Oregon that serves 1.7 million retail electric customers in portions of Utah, Oregon, Wyoming, Washington, Idaho and California. PacifiCorp is principally engaged in the business of generating, transmitting, distributing and selling electricity. PacifiCorp's combined service territory covers approximately 136,000 square miles and includes a diverse regional economyeconomies ranging from rural, agricultural and mining areas to urban, manufacturing and government service centers. No single segment of the economy dominates the service territory, which helps mitigate PacifiCorp's exposure to economic fluctuations. In the eastern portion of the service territory, mainly consisting of Utah, Wyoming and southeastern Idaho, the principal industries are manufacturing, recreation, agriculture and mining or extraction of natural resources.resources, agriculture, technology and recreation. In the western portion of the service territory, mainly consisting of Oregon, southern Washington and northern California, the principal industries are agriculture, and manufacturing, with forest products, food processing, technology and primary metals being the largest industrial sectors.metals. In addition to retail sales, PacifiCorp sells electricity to other utilities, municipalities and energy marketing companies, financial institutions and other market participants on a wholesale basis.

PacifiCorp's operations are conducted under numerous franchise agreements, certificates, permits and licenses obtained from federal, state and local authorities. The average term of thesethe franchise agreements is approximately 30 years, although their terms range from five years to indefinite. Several of these franchise agreements allow the municipality the right to seek amendment to the franchise agreement at a specified time during the term. PacifiCorp generally has an exclusive right to serve electric customers within its service territories and, in turn, has an obligation to provide electric service to those customers. In return, the state utility commissions have established rates on a cost-of-service basis, which are designed to allow PacifiCorp an opportunity to recover its costs of providing services and to earn a reasonable return on its investment.
PacifiCorp and MEHC agreed to certain material financial regulatory commitments that were established in connection with MEHC's acquisition of PacifiCorp in March 2006. Refer to Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion of the financial regulatory commitments.

Regulated Electric Operations

Customers

The GWh and percentages of electricity sold to retail customers by jurisdiction for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
2010 2009 20082011 2010 2009
                
Utah42% 42% 42%23,245
 43% 22,477
 42% 22,098
 42%
Oregon24  25  26 13,014
 24
 12,717
 24
 13,422
 25
Wyoming18  17  17 9,793
 18
 9,680
 18
 9,202
 17
Washington8  8  7 4,006
 7
 3,985
 8
 4,184
 8
Idaho6  6  6 3,440
 6
 3,326
 6
 2,956
 6
California2  2  2 809
 2
 831
 2
 848
 2
100% 100% 100%54,307
 100% 53,016
 100% 52,710
 100%


62



The percentages of electricityElectricity sold to retail and wholesale customers by class of customer total gigawatt hours ("GWh") sold and the average number of retail customers for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
2010 2009 2008
     2011 2010 2009
GWh sold:           
Residential30% 30% 30%16,046
 25% 15,795
 24% 15,999
 24%
Commercial30  31  30 16,489
 25
 15,969
 25
 16,194
 25
Industrial39  38  40 21,229
 32
 20,680
 32
 19,934
 31
Other
1  1   543
 1
 572
 1
 583
 1
Total retail100% 100% 100%54,307
 83
 53,016
 82
 52,710
 81
Wholesale10,767
 17
 11,415
 18
 12,349
 19
Total GWh sold65,074
 100% 64,431
 100% 65,059
 100%
                
Total GWh sold:     
Retail53,016  52,710  54,362 
Wholesale( 1)
11,415  12,349  12,345 
Total retail and wholesale64,431  65,059  66,707 
     
Total average retail customers (in millions)1.7  1.7  1.7 
Average number of retail customers (in thousands):           
Residential1,483
 85% 1,475
 85% 1,467
 85%
Commercial221
 13
 220
 13
 214
 13
Industrial34
 2
 34
 2
 34
 2
Other4
 
 4
 
 4
 
Total1,742
 100% 1,733
 100% 1,719
 100%
(1)    Electricity sold into the wholesale market is either produced by PacifiCorp's generating facilities or purchased from other sources and resold in the market.

In addition to the variations in weather from year to year, fluctuations in economic conditions within PacifiCorp's service territory and elsewhere can impact customer usage, particularly for industrial and wholesale customers. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2008 and continuing into 2009, certain customer usage levels began to declinedeclined due to the effects of the economic conditions in the United States. The declining usage trend continued during 2009, resulting in lower retail demand compared to 2008. The declining usage trend reversed during 2010 in the eastern side of PacifiCorp's service territory although partially offset by unfavorable weather conditions. The declining usage trend continued during 2010 in the western side of PacifiCorp's service territory. During 2011, PacifiCorp's customer usage levels increased in the eastern service territory primarily due to improving economic conditions and increased in the western service territory mainly due to weather impacts.

PeakThe annual hourly peak customer demand, which represents the highest demand on a given day and at a given hour, is typically highest in the summer across PacifiCorp's service territory when air conditioning and irrigation systems are heavily used. The service territory also has a winter peak, which is primarily due to heating requirements in the western portion of PacifiCorp's service territory. Peak demand represents the highest demand on a given day and at a given hour. During 2010,2011, PacifiCorp's peak demand was 9,4189,431 MW in the summer and 8,5928,786 MW in the winter.


73



Generating Facilities and Fuel Supply

PacifiCorp has ownership interest in a diverse portfolio of generating facilities. The following table presents certain information concerningregarding PacifiCorp's owned generating facilities as of December 31, 2010:2011:
       Facility Net Owned
       Net Capacity Capacity
 Location Energy Source Installed 
(MW)(1)
 
(MW)(1)
COAL:         
Jim BridgerRock Springs, WY Coal 1974-1979 2,118  1,412 
Hunter Nos. 1, 2 and 3Castle Dale, UT Coal 1978-1983 1,336  1,137 
HuntingtonHuntington, UT Coal 1974-1977 911  911 
Dave JohnstonGlenrock, WY Coal 1 959-1972 762  762 
NaughtonKemmerer, WY Coal 1963-1971 700
700Cholla No. 4Joseph City, AZCoal1981395395WyodakGillette, WYCoal1978335268CarbonCastle Gate, UTCoal1954-1957172
172Craig Nos. 1 and 2Craig, COCoal1979-1980856165Colstrip Nos. 3 and 4Colstrip, MTCoal1984-19861,480148Hayden Nos. 1 and 2Hayden, COCoal1965-1976446789,5116,148NATURAL GAS:Lak e SideVineyard, UTNatural gas/steam2007558558Currant CreekMona, UT&nbs p;Natural gas/steam2005-2006550550ChehalisChehalis, WANatural gas/steam2003520520HermistonHermiston, ORNatural gas/steam1996474237Gadsby SteamSalt Lake City, UTNatural gas1951-1955231231Gadsby PeakersSalt Lake City, UTNatural gas2002120120Little MountainOgden, UTNatural gas197114142,4672,230HYDROELECTRIC:Lewis River SystemWAHydroelectric1931-1958578578North Umpqua River SystemORHydroelectric1950-1956200200Klamath River SystemCA, ORHydroelectric1903-1962170170Bear River SystemID, UTHydroelectric1908-1984
105
105Rogue River SystemORHydroelectric1912-19575252Minor hydroelectric facilitiesVariousHydroelectric1895-198652521,1571,157WIND:MarengoDayton, WA&nbs p;Wind2007-2008210210GlenrockGlenrock, WYWind2008-2009138138Seven Mile HillMedicine Bow, WYWind2008119
119
Dunlap RanchMedicine Bow, WYWind2010111111Leaning Junip erArlington, ORWind2006101101High PlainsMcFadden, WYWind20099999Rolling HillsGlenrock, WYWind20099999Goodnoe HillsGoldendale, WAWind20089494Foote CreekArlington, WYWind19994133McFadden RidgeMcFadden, WYWind200928281,0401,032OTHER:BlundellMilford, UTGeothermal1984, 20073434Camas Co-GenCamas, WA
Black liquor199622225656
Total Available Generating Capacity14,23110,623
        Facility Net Owned
        Net Capacity Capacity
Generating Facility Location Energy Source Installed 
(MW)(1)
 
(MW)(1)
COAL:          
Jim Bridger Rock Springs, WY Coal 1974-1979 2,118
 1,412
Hunter Nos. 1, 2 and 3 Castle Dale, UT Coal 1978-1983 1,352
 1,147
Huntington Huntington, UT Coal 1974-1977 909
 909
Dave Johnston Glenrock, WY Coal 1959-1972 762
 762
Naughton Kemmerer, WY Coal 1963-1971 700
 700
Cholla No. 4 Joseph City, AZ Coal 1981 395
 395
Wyodak Gillette, WY Coal 1978 335
 268
Carbon Castle Gate, UT Coal 1954-1957 172
 172
Craig Nos. 1 and 2 Craig, CO Coal 1979-1980 863
 166
Colstrip Nos. 3 and 4 Colstrip, MT Coal 1984-1986 1,480
 148
Hayden Nos. 1 and 2 Hayden, CO Coal 1965-1976 446
 78
        9,532
 6,157
NATURAL GAS:          
Lake Side Vineyard, UT Natural gas/steam 2007 558
 558
Currant Creek Mona, UT Natural gas/steam 2005-2006 550
 550
Chehalis Chehalis, WA Natural gas/steam 2003 520
 520
Hermiston Hermiston, OR Natural gas/steam 1996 474
 237
Gadsby Steam Salt Lake City, UT Natural gas 1951-1955 231
 231
Gadsby Peakers Salt Lake City, UT Natural gas 2002 120
 120
        2,453
 2,216
HYDROELECTRIC:          
Lewis River System WA Hydroelectric 1931-1958 578
 578
North Umpqua River System OR Hydroelectric 1950-1956 204
 204
Klamath River System CA, OR Hydroelectric 1903-1962 170
 170
Bear River System ID, UT Hydroelectric 1908-1984 105
 105
Rogue River System OR Hydroelectric 1912-1957 52
 52
Minor hydroelectric facilities Various Hydroelectric 1895-1986 36
 36
        1,145
 1,145
WIND:          
Marengo Dayton, WA Wind 2007-2008 210
 210
Glenrock Glenrock, WY Wind 2008-2009 138
 138
Seven Mile Hill Medicine Bow, WY Wind 2008 119
 119
Dunlap Ranch Medicine Bow, WY Wind 2010 111
 111
Leaning Juniper Arlington, OR Wind 2006 101
 101
High Plains McFadden, WY Wind 2009 99
 99
Rolling Hills Glenrock, WY Wind 2009 99
 99
Goodnoe Hills Goldendale, WA Wind 2008 94
 94
Foote Creek Arlington, WY Wind 1999 41
 32
McFadden Ridge McFadden, WY Wind 2009 28
 28
        1,040
 1,031
OTHER:          
Blundell Milford, UT Geothermal 1984, 2007 34
 34
Camas Co-Gen Camas, WA Black liquor 1996 14
 14
        48
 48
         
Total Available Generating Capacity     14,218
 10,597
           
PROJECTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION(2):
        
Lake Side 2 Vineyard, UT Natural gas/steam   637
 637
        14,855
 11,234

84




(1)Facility Net Capacity represents (except for wind-powered generating facilities, which are nominal ratings) the total capability of a generating unit as demonstrated by actual operating or test experience less power generated and used for auxiliaries and other station uses, and is determined using average annual temperatures. A wind turbine generator's nominal rating is the manufacturer's contractually specified capabi litycapability (in MW) under specified conditions. Net Owned Capacity indicates PacifiCorp's ownership of Facility Net Capacity.
(2)Facility Net Capacity and Net Owned Capacity for projects under construction each represent the estimated ratings.

The following table shows the percentages of PacifiCorp's total energy supplied by energy source for the years ended December 31:
2010 2009 20082011 2010 2009
          
Coal62% 63% 65%59% 62% 63%
Natural gas12  12  12 9
 12
 12
Hydroelectric5  5  5 7
 5
 5
Other(1)
5  4  2 5
 5
 4
Total energy generated84  84  84 80
 84
 84
Energy purchased - short-term contracts and other8  10  11 12
 8
 10
Energy purchased - long-term contracts8  6  
5
 8
 8
 6
100% 100% 100%100% 100% 100%

(1)All or some of the renewable energy attributes associated with generation from these generating facilities may be: (a) used in future years to comply with renewable portfolio standards ("RPS")RPS or other regulatory requirements, or (b) sold to third parties in the form of renewable energy credits or other environmental commodities.

PacifiCorp is required to have resources available to continuously meet its customer needs. The percentage of PacifiCorp's energy supplied by energy source varies from year to year and is subject to numerous operational and economic factors such as planned and unplanned outages; fuel commodity prices; fuel transportation costs; weather; environmental considerations; transmission constraints; and wholesale market prices of electricity. PacifiCorp evaluates these factors continuously in order to facilitate economical dispatch of its generating facilities. When factors for one energy source are less favorable, PacifiCorp must place more reliance on other energy sources. For example, PacifiCorp can generate more electricity using its low cost hydroelectric and wind-powered generating facilities when factors associated with these facilities are favorable. When factors associated with hydroelectric and wind resources are less favorable, PacifiCorp must increaseincreases its reliance on more expensivecoal- and natural gas-fueled generation or purchased electricity. In addition to meeting its customers' energy needs, PacifiCorp is required to maintain operating reserves on its system to mitigate unplanned outages or other disruption in supply, and to meet intra-hour changes in load and resource balance. This operating reserve requirement is dispersed across PacifiCorp's generation portfolio on a least-cost basis based on the operating characteristics of the portfolio. Operating reserves may be held on hydroelectric, coal-fueled or natural gas-fueled resources. PacifiCorp manages certain risks relating to its supply of electricity and fuel requirements by entering into various contracts, which may be accounted for as derivatives, including forwards, futures, options, swaps and other agreements. Refer to Item 7A in this Form 10-K for a discussion of commodity price risk and derivative contracts.

PacifiCorp has interests in coal mines that support its coal-firedcoal-fueled generating facilities.facilities and operates the Deer Creek, Bridger surface and Bridger underground coal mines. These mines supplied 28%, 29% and 31% of PacifiCorp's total coal requirements during the year ended December 31, 2010 and 31% in each of the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, and 2008.respectively. The remaining coal requirements are acquired through long- and short-term third-party contracts. PacifiCorp also operates the Cottonwood Preparatory Plant and Wyodak Coal Crushing Facility. PacifiCorp's mines are located adjacent to certain of its coal-firedcoal-fueled generating facilities, which significantly reduces overall transportation costs included in fuel expense.costs. Most of PacifiCorp's coal reserves are held pursuant to leases from the federal government through the Bureau of Land Management and from certain states and private parties. The leases generally have multi-year terms that may be renewed or extended only with the consent of the lessor and require payment of rents and royalties. In addition, federal and state regulations require that comprehensive environmental protection and reclamation standards be met during the cour secourse of mining operations and upon completion of mining activities.


5



Coal reserve estimates are subject to adjustment as a result of the development of additional engineering and geological data, new mining technology and changes in regulation and economic factors affecting the utilization of such reserves. Recoverable coal reserves of operating mines as of December 31, 2010,2011, based on PacifiCorp's most recent engineering studies, were as follows (in millions):
Coal Mine Location Generating Facility Served Mining Method Recoverable Tons Location Generating Facility Served Mining Method Recoverable Tons
    
Bridger Rock Springs, WY Jim Bridger Surface 51(1) Rock Springs, WY Jim Bridger Surface 41(1)
Bridger Rock Springs, WY Jim Bridger Underground 43(1) Rock Springs, WY Jim Bridger Underground 39(1)
Deer Creek Huntington, UT Huntington, Hunter and Carbon Underground 35(2) Huntington, UT Huntington, Hunter and Carbon Underground 27(2)
Trapper Craig, CO Craig Surface 46(3) Craig, CO Craig Surface 45(3)
  175  152 

9


(1)
These coal reserves are leased and mined by Bridger Coal Company, a joint venture between Pacific Minerals, Inc. ("PMI") and a subsidiary of Idaho Power Company. PMI, a wholly owned subsidiary of PacifiCorp, has a two-thirds interest in the joint venture. The amounts included above represent only PacifiCorp's two-thirds interest in the coal reserves.
(2)These coal reserves are leased by PacifiCorp and mined by a wholly owned subsidiary of Pa cifiCorp.PacifiCorp.
(3)These coal reserves are leased and mined by Trapper Mining, Inc., a Delaware non-stock corporation operated on a cooperative basis, in which PacifiCorp has an ownership interest of 21%. The amount included above represents only PacifiCorp's 21% interest in the coal reserves. PacifiCorp does not operate the Trapper Mine.mine.

For surface mine operations, PacifiCorp removes the overburden with heavy earth-moving equipment, such as draglines and power shovels. Once exposed, PacifiCorp drills, fractures and systematically removes the coal using haul trucks or conveyors to transport the coal to the associated generating facility. PacifiCorp reclaims disturbed areas as part of its normal mining activities. After final coal removal, draglines, power shovels, excavators or loaders are used to backfill the remaining pits with the overburden removed at the beginning of the process. Once the overburden and topsoil have been replaced, vegetation and plant life are re-established, and other improvements are made that have local community and environmental benefits. Draglines are used at the Bridger surface mine and draglines with shovels and trucks are used at the Trapper surface mine.

For underground mine operations, a longwall is used as a mechanical shearer to extract coal from long rectangular blocks of medium to thick seams. In longwall mining, PacifiCorp also uses continuous miners to develop access to these long rectangular coal blocks. Hydraulically powered supports temporarily hold up the roof of the mine while a rotating drum mechanically advances across the face of the coal seam, cutting the coal from the face. Chain conveyors then move the loosened coal to an underground mine conveyor system for delivery to the surface. Once coal is extracted from an area, the roof is allowed to collapse in a controlled fashion.

In June 2011, Fossil Rock Fuels LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of PacifiCorp, through its subsidiaries, operates the Deer Creek, Bridger surface and Bridger underground coal mines, as well asacquired the Cottonwood Preparatory Plantcoal reserve lease in Emery County Utah. PacifiCorp intends to mine the Cottonwood coal reserves in the future and Wyodak Coal Crushing Facility. Referhas estimated the recoverable tons to Item 9B of this Form 10-K for further information about the coal mines and coal processing facilities that PacifiCorp's subsidiaries operate.be 47 million.

Recoverability by surface mining methods typically ranges from 90% to 95%. Recoverability by underground mining techniques ranges from 50% to 70%. To meet applicable standards, PacifiCorp blends coal mined at its owned mines with contracted coal and utilizes emissions reduction technologies for controlling sulfur dioxide and other emissions. For fuel needs at PacifiCorp's coal-firedcoal-fueled generating facilities in excess of coal reserves available, PacifiCorp believes it will be able to purchase coal under both long- and short-term contracts to supply its generating facilities with coal over their currently expected remaining useful lives.

During the year ended December 31, 2010,2011, PacifiCorp-owned coal-firedcoal-fueled generating facilities held sufficient sulfur dioxide emission allowances to comply with the United States Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA")EPA Title IV requirements. For a further discussion regarding EPA requirements and other environmental laws and regulations, refer to "Environmental Laws and Regulations" in Item 7 of this Form 10-K.

PacifiCorp uses natural gas as fuel for its combined- and simple-cycle natural gas-firedgas-fueled generating facilities. Oil and natural gas are also used for igniter fuel and to fuel generation for transmission support and standby purposes. These sources are presently in adequate supply and available to meet PacifiCorp's needs.

PacifiCorp operates the majority of its hydroelectric generating portfolio under long-term licenses. The FERC regulates 98% of the net capacity of this portfolio through 15 individual licenses, from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ("FERC") withwhich have terms of 30 to 50 years, while some area portion of the portfolio is licensed under the Oregon Hydroelectric Act. For further discussion of PacifiCorp's hydroelectric relicensing and decommissioning activities, including updated information regarding the Klamath hydroelect ricRiver hydroelectric system, refer to Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

6




PacifiCorp has pursued additional renewable resources as a viable, economical and environmentally prudent means of supplying electricity. Renewable resources have low to no emissions, require little or no fossil fuel and are complemented by PacifiCorp's other generating facilities and wholesale transactions. PacifiCorp's wind-poweredWind-powered generating facilities placed in service by December 31, 2012 are eligible for federal renewable electricity production tax credits for 10 years from the date the facilities wereare placed in-service.in service.
&nb sp;
PacifiCorp purchases and sells electricity in the wholesale markets as needed to balance its generation and long-term purchase commitments with its retail load and long-term wholesale sales obligations. PacifiCorp may also purchase electricity in the wholesale markets when it is more economical than generating electricity from its own facilities. When prudent, PacifiCorp utilizes both swapsenters into financial swap contracts and fixed-priceforward electricity purchase contractssales and purchases for physical delivery at fixed prices to reduce its exposure to electricity price volatility.

10


Transmission and Distribution

PacifiCorp operates one balancing authority area in the western portion of its service territory and one balancing authority area in the eastern portion of its service territory. A balancing authority area is a geographic area with transmission systems that control generation to maintain schedules with other balancing authority areas and ensure reliable operations. In operating the balancing authority areas, PacifiCorp is responsible for continuously balancing electricity supply and demand by dispatching generating resources and inter changeinterchange transactions so that generation internal to the balancing authority area, plus net imported power, matches customer loads. PacifiCorp also schedules deliveries of energy over its transmission system in accordance with FERC requirements.

PacifiCorp's transmission system is part of the Western Interconnection, the regional grid in the westernWestern United States. The Western Interconnection includes the interconnected transmission systems of 14 western states, two Canadian provinces and parts of Mexico that make up the Western Electricity Coordinating Council ("WECC").Mexico. PacifiCorp's transmission system, together with contractual rights on other transmission systems, enables PacifiCorp to integrate and access generation resources to meet its customer load requirements. PacifiCorp's transmission and distribution system included approximately 16,200 miles of transmission lines and 900 substations as of December 31, 2010.2011.

PacifiCorp's Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Program represents plans to build approximately 2,000 miles of new high-voltage transmission lines, with an estimated cost exceeding $6 billion, primarily in Wyoming, Utah, Idaho and Oregon. The plan includes several$6 billion estimated cost includes: (a) the 345-kV Populus to Terminal transmission line was fully placed in service in 2010; (b) the 100-mile high-voltage transmission line being built between the Mona substation in central Utah and the Oquirrh substation in the Salt Lake Valley expected to be placed in service in 2013; (c) the 345-kV transmission line being built between the Sigurd Substation in central Utah and the Red Butte Substation in southwest Utah expected to be placed in service in 2015; and (d) other segments that are expected to be placed in service through 2021, depending on siting, permitting and construction schedules. The transmission line segments that will:are intended to: (a) address customer load growth; (b) improve system reliability; (c) reduce transmission system constraints; (d) provide access to diverse generation resources, including renewable resources; and (e) improve the flow of electricity throughout PacifiCorp's six-state service area. P roposedProposed transmission line segments are re-evaluated to ensure optimal benefits and timing before committing to move forward with permitting and construction. The Populus to Terminal transmission line, the first major transmission segment associated with this plan, was substantially completed in the fourth quarter of 2010. Other segments are expected to beThrough December 31, 2011, $1.1 billion had been spent and $827 million, including amounts capitalized for equity AFUDC, had been placed in service through 2019, depending on siting, permitting and construction schedules.service.

Future Generation

As required by certain state regulati ons,regulations, PacifiCorp uses an Integrated Resource Plan ("IRP") to develop a long-term view of prudent future actions required to help ensure that PacifiCorp continues to provide reliable and cost-effective electric service to its customers.customers while maintaining compliance with existing and evolving environmental laws and regulations. The IRP process identifies the amount and timing of PacifiCorp's expected future resource needs and an associated optimal future resource mix that accounts for planning uncertainty, risks, reliability impacts, state energy policies and other factors. The IRP is a coordinated effort with stakeholders in each of the six states where PacifiCorp operates. PacifiCorp files its IRP on a biennial basis, and receives a formal notification in fourfive states as to whether the IRP meets the commission's IRP standards and guidelines.guidelines, which is referred to as "acknowledgment." In May 2009,March 2011, PacifiCorp filed its 20082011 IRP with eachthe state commissions. In June 2011, an addendum to the 2011 IRP with supplemental resource analysis was filed with the state commissions. PacifiCorp has received acknowledgment of its state commissions. During 2009, PacifiCorp received orders2011 IRP from the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission ("WUTC")WPSC, the WUTC and the Idaho Public Utilities Commission ("IPUC") acknowledging thatIPUC. In January 2012, PacifiCorp filed an updated 2011 IRP action plan with the 2008 IRP met their applicable standards and guidelines. During 2010,OPUC containing additional details to respond to issues raised by parties to the Oregon Public Utility Commission ("OPUC") and the Utah Public Service Commission ("UPSC") issued orders acknowledging the 2008 IRP.acknowledgment proceedings.


7



Demand-side Management

PacifiCorp has provided a comprehensive set of demand-side management ("DSM")DSM programs to its customers since the 1970s. The programs are designed to reduce energy consumption and more effectively manage when energy is used, including management of seasonal peak load s. Current programs offerloads. PacifiCorp offers services to customers such as energy engineering audits and information on how to improve the efficiency of their homes and businesses. To assist customers in investing in energy efficiency, PacifiCorp offers rebates or incentives encouraging the purchase and installation of high-efficiency equipment such as lighting, heating and cooling equipment, weatherization, motors, process equipment and systems, as well as incentives for efficient construction. Incentives are also paid to solicit participation in load management programs by residential, business and agricultural customers through programs such as PacifiCorp's residential and small commercial air conditioner load control program and irrigation equipment load control programs. Although subject to prudence reviews, state regulations allow for contemporaneous recovery of costs incurred for the DSM programs through state-specific energy efficiency surcharges to retail customers or for recovery of costs as part ofthrough regulated rates. In addition to these DSM programs, PacifiCorp has load curtailment contracts with a number of large industrial customers that deliver up to 305 MW of load reduction when needed. Recovery forof the costs associated with the large industrial load management program is determined through PacifiCorp's general rate case process. During 2010, $1132011, $114 million was expended on PacifiCorp's DSM programs resulting in an estimated 499,054 megawatt hours ("MWh")539,197 MWh of first-year energy savings and an estimated 481467 MW of peak load management. Total demand-side load available for control during 2010,2011, including both load management from the large industrial curtailment contracts and DSM programs, was 718719 MW.

11


MidAmerican Energy

General

MidAmerican Energy, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of MEHC, is a United States regulated electric and natural gas utility company headquartered in Iowa that serves 0.7 million regulated retail electric customers in portions of Iowa, Illinois and South Dakota and 0.7 million regulated retai lretail and transportation natural gas customers in portions of Iowa, South Dakota, Illinois and Nebraska. MidAmerican Energy is principally engaged in the business of generating, transmitting, distributing and selling electricity and in distributing, selling and transporting natural gas. MidAmerican Energy has a diverse customer base consisting of residential, agricultural and a variety of commercial and industrial customer groups. Some of the larger industrial groups served by MidAmerican Energy include the processing and sales of food products; the manufacturing, processing and fabrication of primary metals; farm and other non-electrical machinery; real estate; and cement and gypsum products. In addition to retail sales and natural gas transportation, MidAmerican Energy sells electricity to markets operated by regional transmission organizations ("RTOs")RTOs and electricity and natural gas to other utilities municipalities and energy marketing companiesmarket participants on a wholesale basis. MidAmerican Energy is a transmission-ow ningtransmission-owning member of the Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator, Inc. ("MISO")MISO and participates in its energy and ancillary services market.markets.

MidAmerican Energy's regulated electric and natural gas operations are conducted under numerous franchise agreements, certificates, permits and licenses obtained from federal, state and local authorities. The franchise agreements, with various expiration dates, are typically for 20- to 25-year terms. Several of these franchise agreements allow the municipality the right to seek amendment to the franchise agreement at a specified time during the term. MidAmerican Energy generally has an exclusive right to serve electric customers within its service territories and, in turn, has an obligation to provide electricity service to those customers. In return, the state utility commissions have established rates on a cost-of-service basis, which are designed to allow MidAmerican Energy an o pportunityopportunity to recover its costs of providing services and to earn a reasonable return on its investment.

MidAmerican Energy has nonregulated business activities that consist of competitive electricity and natural gas retail sales and natural gas income-sharing arrangements. Nonregulated electric activities predominantly include sales to retail customers in Illinois, Texas and other states that allow customers to choose their energy supplier. Nonregulated natural gas activities predominately include sales to retail customers in Iowa and Illinois. For its nonregulated gasretail energy activities, MidAmerican Energy purchases electricity and natural gas from producers and third party energy marketing companies and sells it directly to commercial and industrial end-users, as well as wholesalers, primarilyend-users. MidAmerican Energy does not own nonregulated electricity or natural gas production assets, but hedges its contracted retail obligations either with physical supply arrangements or financial products. As of December 31, 2011, MidAmerican Energy had contracts in Iowaplace for the retail sale of electricity and Illinois.natural gas totaling 17,515,000 MWh and 25,112,000 Dth, respectively, with weighted average lives of 1.3 years and 1.0 years, respectively. In addition, MidAmerican Energy manages natural gas supplies for a number of smaller commercial end-users, w hichwhich includes the sale of natural gas to these customers to meet their supply requirements.


8



The percentages of MidAmerican Energy's operating revenue derived from the following business activities duringfor the years ended December 31 were as follows:
2010 2009 20082011 2010 2009
          
Regulated electric
47% 47% 43%47% 47% 47%
Regulated gas22  23
 
 29 22
 22
 23
Nonregulated and other31  30  28 31
 31
 30
100% 100% 100%100% 100% 100%

Regulated Electric Operations

Customers

The GWh and percentages of electricity sold to retail customers by jurisdiction for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
201020092008
Iowa90%90%90%
Illinois999
South Dakota111
100%100%100%
 2011 2010 2009
            
Iowa19,597
 90% 19,435
 90% 18,074
 90%
Illinois2,066
 9
 2,059
 9
 1,908
 9
South Dakota210
 1
 216
 1
 203
 1
 21,873
 100% 21,710
 100% 20,185
 100%

12


The percentages of electricityElectricity sold to retail and wholesale customers by class of customer total GWh sold and the average number of retail customers for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
2010&n bsp;2009 2008
     2011 2010 2009
GWh sold:           
Residential30% 29% 29%6,476
 20% 6,549
 19% 5,907
 18%
Commercial19  20  20 4,189
 13
 4,226
 12
 4,093
 12
Industrial43  43  44 9,586
 29
 9,310
 27
 8,627
 26
Other8  8  7 1,622
 5
 1,625
 4
 1,558
 4
Total retail100% 100% 100%21,873
 67
 21,710
 62
 20,185
 60
Wholesale10,584
 33
 13,130
 38
 13,424
 40
Total GWh sold32,457
 100% 34,840
 100% 33,609
 100%
                
Total GWh sold:     
Retail21,710 20,185 20,928
Wholesale(1)
13,130 13,424 
15,133
Total retail and wholesale34,840 33,609 36,061
     
Total average retail customers (in millions)0.7 
 
0.7  0.7 
Average number of retail customers (in thousands):           
Residential630
 86% 627
 86% 624
 86%
Commercial84
 12
 84
 12
 83
 12
Industrial2
 
 2
 
 2
 
Other14
 2
 14
 2
 14
 2
Total730
 100% 727
 100% 723
 100%
(1)    Electricity sold into the wholesale market is either produced by MidAmerican Energy's generating facilities or purchased from other sources and resold in the market.

In addition to the variations in weather from year to year, fluctuations in economic conditions within the service territory and elsewhere can impact customer usage, particularly for industrial and wholesale customers. Beginning in the third quarter of 2008, industrial customer usage levels began to decline due to the effects of the economic conditions in the United States. The declining usage trend continued during 2009, resulting in lower retail demand compared to 2008. The increase in retail demand during 2010 was substantially the result of weather and higher industrial customer usage driven by the improved economic conditions in the United States.States compared to 2009. The decrease in wholesale sales for 2011 compared to 2010 was driven primarily by the impact of lower market prices.

There are seasonal variations in MidAmerican Energy's electric business that are principally related to the use of electricity for air conditioning and the related effects of weather. Typically, 35-40% of MidAmerican Energy's regulated electric revenue is reported in the months of June, July, August and September.


9



The annual hourly peak demand on MidAmerican Energy's electric system usually occurs as a result of air conditioning use during the cooling season. Peak demand represents the highest demand on a given day and at a given hour. On July 14, 2010,19, 2011, retail customer usage of electricity caused a record hourly peak demand of 4,5154,752 MW on MidAmerican Energy's electric distribution system, which is 216237 MW greater than the previous peak demand of 4,299&nbs p;4,515 MW set June 22, 2009.July 14, 2010.


13


Generating Facilities and Fuel Supply

MidAmerican Energy has ownership interest in a diverse portfolio of generating facilities. The following table presents certain information concerningregarding MidAmerican Energy's owned generating facilities as of December 31, 2010:
Muscatine, IA
       Facility Net Owned
       Net Capacity Capacity
 Location Energy Source Installed 
(MW)(1)
 
(MW)(1)
COAL:         
Walter Scott, Jr. Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4Council Bluffs, IA Coal 1954-2007 1,660 1,183
George Neal Nos. 1, 2 and 3Sergeant Bluff, IA Coal 1964-1975 957 812
Louisa Coal 1983 746 657
OttumwaOttumwa, IA 
Coal
 1981 717 373
George Neal No. 4Salix, IA Coal 1979 645 262
Riverside Nos. 3 and 5Bettendorf, IA Coal 1925-1961 133 133
       4,858 3,420
NATURAL GAS:         
Greater Des MoinesPleasant Hill, IA Natural gas 2003-2004 496 496
ElectrifarmWaterloo, IA Natural gas/oil 1975-1978 199 199
Pleasant HillPleasant Hill, IA Natural gas/oil 1990-1994 164 164
SycamoreJohnston, IA Natural gas/oil 1974 156 156
River HillsDes Moines, IA Natural gas 1966-1967 121 121
CoralvilleCoralville, IA Natural gas 1970 60 60
MolineMoline, IL Natural gas 1970 63 63
ParrCharles City, IA Natural gas 1969 33 33
28 portable power modulesVarious Oil 2000 56 56
       1,348 1,348
WIND:         
PomeroyPomeroy, IA Wind 2007-2008 256 
256CenturyBlairsburg, IAWind2005-2008200200IntrepidSchaller, IAWind2004-2005176176AdairAdair, IAWind2008175175WalnutWalnut, IAWind2008153153CarrollCarroll, IAWind2008150150VictoryWestside, IAWind20069999Charles CityCharles City, IAWind200875751,2841,284NUCLEAR:Quad Cities Nos. 1 and 2Cordova, ILUranium19721,783446
OTHER:Mol ine Nos. 1-4Moline, ILHydroelectric194133Total Available Generating Capacity9,2766,501
PROJECTS UNDER CONTRUCTION(2)2011:
Variou s wind projectsIowaWind593593
9,8697,094
        Facility Net Owned
        Net Capacity Capacity
Generating Facility Location Energy Source Installed 
(MW)(1)
 
(MW)(1)
COAL:          
Walter Scott, Jr. Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 Council Bluffs, IA Coal 1954-2007 1,642 1,167
George Neal Nos. 1, 2 and 3 Sergeant Bluff, IA Coal 1964-1975 956 810
Louisa Muscatine, IA Coal 1983 750 660
Ottumwa Ottumwa, IA Coal 1981 664 345
George Neal No. 4 Salix, IA Coal 1979 645 262
Riverside Nos. 3 and 5 Bettendorf, IA Coal 1925-1961 137 137
        4,794 3,381
NATURAL GAS:          
Greater Des Moines Pleasant Hill, IA Natural gas 2003-2004 495 495
Electrifarm Waterloo, IA Natural gas/oil 1975-1978 189 189
Pleasant Hill Pleasant Hill, IA Natural gas/oil 1990-1994 157 157
Sycamore Johnston, IA Natural gas/oil 1974 149 149
River Hills Des Moines, IA Natural gas 1966-1967 121 121
Coralville Coralville, IA Natural gas 1970 65 65
Moline Moline, IL Natural gas 1970 58 58
Parr Charles City, IA Natural gas 1969 33 33
28 portable power modules Various Oil 2000 56 56
        1,323 1,323
WIND:          
Rolling Hills Massena, IA Wind 2011 444 444
Pomeroy Pomeroy, IA Wind 2007-2011 286 286
Century Blairsburg, IA Wind 2005-2008 200 200
Intrepid Schaller, IA Wind 2004-2005 176 176
Adair Adair, IA Wind 2008 175 175
Walnut Walnut, IA Wind 2008 153 153
Carroll Carroll, IA Wind 2008 150 150
Laurel Laurel, IA Wind 2011 120 120
Victory Westside, IA Wind 2006 99 99
Charles City Charles City, IA Wind 2008 75 75
        1,878 1,878
NUCLEAR:          
Quad Cities Nos. 1 and 2 Cordova, IL Uranium 1972 1,760 440
           
OTHER:          
Moline Nos. 1-4 Moline, IL Hydroelectric 1941 3 3
           
Total Available Generating Capacity       9,758 7,025
           
PROJECTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION(2):
        
Various wind projects Iowa Wind   407 407
        10,165 7,432


10



(1)
Facility Net Capacity represents (except for wind-powered generating facilities, which are nominal ratings) total facility accredited net generating capacity based on MidAmerican Energy's accreditation approved by the MISO. A wind turbine generator's nominal rating is the manufacturer's contractually specified capability (in MW) under specified conditions. The accreditation of the wind-powered generating facilities totaled 102172 MW and is considerably less than the nominal ratings due to the varying nature o fof wind. Additionally, the Laurel and Rolling Hills wind-powered generating facilities and 30 MW of the Pomeroy wind-powered generating facility were placed in service in late 2011 and were not yet accredited by the MISO. Net Owned Capacity indicates MidAmerican Energy's ownership of Facility Net Capacity.
(2)Facility Net Capacity and Net Owned Capacity for projects under construction each represent the estimated nominal ratings.


14


The following table shows the percentages of MidAmerican Energy's total energy supplied by energy source for the years ended December 31:
2010 2009 20082011 2010 2009
          
Coal66% 60% 59%64% 66% 60%
Nuclear11  11  10 11
 11
 11
Natural gas2  1  3 1
 2
 1
Other(1)
10  10  6 13
 10
 10
Total energy generated
89
  82  78 89
 89
 82
Energy purchased - short-term contracts and other10  11  14 10
 10
 11
Energy purchased - long-term contracts1  7  8 1
 1
 7
100% 100% 100%100% 100% 100%

(1)All or some of the renewable energy attributes associated with g enerationgeneration from these generating facilities may be: (a) used in future years to comply with RPS or other regulatory requirements or (b) sold to third parties in the form of renewable energy credits or other environmental commodities.

The percentage of MidAmerican Energy's energy supplied by energy source varies from year to year and is subject to numerous operational and economic factors such as planned and unplanned outages; fuel commodity prices; fuel transportation costs; weather; environmental considerations; transmission constraints; and wholesale market prices of electricity. When factors for one energy source are less favorable, MidAmerican Energy must place more reliance on other energy sources. For example, MidAmerican Energy can generate more electricity using its low cost wind-powered generating facilities when factors associated with these facilities are favorable. When factors associated with wind resources are less favorable, MidAmerican Energy must increase its reliance on more expensive generation or purchased electricity. MidAmerican Energy manages certain risks relating to its supply of electricity and fuel requirements by entering into various contracts, which may be accounted for as derivatives, including forwards, futures, options, swaps and other agreements. Refer to Item 7A in this Form 10-K for a discussion of commodity price risk and derivative contracts.

All of the coal-firedcoal-fueled generating facilities operated by MidAmerican Energy are fueled by low-sulfur, western coal from the Powder River Basin in northeast Wyoming. MidAmerican Energy's coal supply portfolio includes multiple suppliers and mines under short-term and multi-year agreements of varying terms and quantities. MidAmerican Energy's coal supply portfolio has a substantial majorityall of its expected 2011-20122012 requirements under fixed-price contracts. MidAmerican Energy regularly monitors the western coal market for opportunities to enhance its coal supply portfolio. During the year ended December 31, 2010,2011, MidAmerican Energy-owned generating facilities held sufficient allowances for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions to comply with the EPA Title IV and Clean Air Interstate RuleCAIR or CSAPR requirements. For a further discussion regarding EPA requirements and other environmental laws and regulations, refer to "Environmental Laws and Regulations" in Item 7 of this Form 10-K.

MidAmerican Energy has a long-haul coal transportation agreemen tagreement with Union Pacific Railroad Company ("Union Pacific") that expires in 2012. Under this agreement, Union Pacific delivers coal directly to MidAmerican Energy's George Neal and Walter Scott, Jr. Energy Centers and to an interchange point with Canadian Pacific Railway for short-haul delivery to the Louisa and Riverside Energy Centers. MidAmerican Energy has the ability to use BNSF Railway Company, an affiliate company, for delivery of coal to the Walter Scott, Jr., Louisa and Riverside Energy Centers should the need arise.


11



MidAmerican Energy is a 25% joint owner of Quad Cities Generating Station Units 1 and 2 ("Quad Cities Station"), a nuclear power plant. Exelon Generation Company, LLC ("Exelon Generation"), the 75% joint owner and the operator of Quad Cities St ation,Station, is a subsidiary of Exelon Corporation. Approximately one-third of the nuclear fuel assemblies in each reactor core at Quad Cities Station is replaced every 24 months. MidAmerican Energy has been advised by Exelon Generation that the following requirements for Quad Cities Station can be met under existing supplies or commitments: uranium requirements through 20142015 and partial requirements through 2020; uranium conversion requirements through 2015 and partial requirements through 2020; enrichment requirements through 20122015 and partial requirements through 2028; and fuel fabrication requirements through 2019. MidAmerican Energy has been advised by Exelon Generation that it does not anticipate it will have difficulty in contracting for uranium, uranium conversion, enrichment or fabrication of nuclear fuel needed to operate Quad Cities Station during these time periods.

MidAmerican Energy uses natural gas and oil as fuel for intermediate and peak demand electric generation, igniter fuel, transmission support and standby purposes. These sources are presently in adequate supply and available to meet MidAmerican Energy's needs.


15


MidAmerican Energy owns more wind-powered generating capacit ycapacity than any other United States rate-regulated electric utility and believes wind-powered generation offers a viable, economical and environmentally prudent means of supplying electricity. Additionally,Pursuant to ratemaking principles approved by the IUB, all of MidAmerican Energy has regulatory approval from the Iowa Utilities Board ("IUB") to construct up to 1,001 MW (nominal ratings) of additionalEnergy's wind-powered generationgenerating facilities in Iowa through 2012.Wind-powered generation projects under this agreementservice at December 31, 2011 are authorized to earn a 12.2%fixed rate of return on equity over their useful lives ranging from 11.7% to 12.2% in any future Iowa rate proceeding. Additionally, MidAmerican Energy is constructing 593407 MW (nominal ratings) of wind-powered generation that it expects to place in service by December 31, 2011. MidAmerican Energy continues2012, which are authorized to pursue additional cost effective wind-powered generation.earn a 12.2% return on equity in any future Iowa rate proceeding. Renewable resources have low to no emissions, require little or no fossil fuel and are complemented by MidAmerican Energy's other generating facilities and wholesale transactions. MidAmerican Energy's wind-poweredWind-powered generating facilities placed in s erviceservice by December 31, 2012 are eligible for federal renewable electricity production tax credits for 10 years from the date the facilities wereare placed in-service.

MidAmerican Energy purchases and sells electricity and ancillary services in the wholesale markets as needed to balance its generation and long-term purchase commitments with its retail load and long-term wholesale sales obligations. MidAmerican Energy may also purchase electricity in the wholesale markets when it is more economical than generating electricity from its own facilities. MidAmerican Energy utilizes both swaps and fixed-price electricity sales and purchases contracts to reduce its exposure to electricity price volatility.

MidAmerican Energy can enter into wholesale bilateral transactions with a number of parties within the MISO market footprint and can also participate directly in the MISO market. MidAmerican Energy's wholesale transactions can also occur through the Southwest Power Pool, Inc. ("SPP") and PJM Interconnection, L.L.C. ("PJM") RTOs and several other major transmission-owning utilities in the region as a result of transmission interconnections the MISO has with such organizations.

Transmission and Distribution

MidAmerican Energy's transmission and distribution systems included 2,300 miles of transmission lines and 400 substations as of December 31, 2011. Electricity from MidAmerican Energy's generating facilities and purchased electricity is delivered to wholesale markets and its retail customers via the transmission facilities of MidAmerican Energy and others. MidAmerican Energy determined that participation in an RTO energy and ancillary services market as a transmission-owning member would be superior to continuing as a stand-alone balancing control area and provide MidAmerican Energy with enhanced wholesale marketing opportunities and improved economic dispatch of its generat inggenerating facilities. Effective September 1, 2009, MidAmerican Energy integrated its transmission facilities with the MISO as a transmission-owning member. Accordingly, MidAmerican Energy now operates its transmission assets at the direction of the MISO.

In its role as the operator ofThe MISO manages its energy capacity and ancillary service market,markets using reliability-constrained economic dispatch of the region's generation. Every five minutes, the MISO continually balances electric supplyanalyzes generation commitments to provide market liquidity and demand in its day-aheadtransparent pricing while minimizing congestion and real-time markets. Primarily through a centralized economic dispatch that optimizes the use of generation resources within the region, the MISO controls the day-to-day operations of the bulk power system for the region served by its members.maximizing efficient energy transmission. Additionally, the MISO provides transmission service to MidAmerican Energy and others through its open access transmission tariff.tariff throughout the MISO footprint.


12



The long-term transmission planning function is also performed by the MISO through its tariff. Recently, the MISO received FERC approval on changes to this tariff that allows for broad cost allocation for certain types of Multi‑Value Projects ("MVP"). The MISO has identified 17 candidate projects that provide multiple benefits and will qualify for broad cost allocation under their tariff. Four of these candidate projects are expected to be part of the MidAmerican Energy can enter into wholesale bilateral transactions with a number of parties withintransmission system and owned and operated by MidAmerican Energy. While the analyses performed by the MISO market footprint and can also participate directly in relation to the MVP demonstrate benefits that exceed costs for the RTO as a whole, the experience for individual members may not necessarily be consistent with that of the MISO market. MidAmerican Energy's wholesale transactions can also occur through the Southwest Power Pool, Inc. ("SPP") and PJM Interconnection, L.L.C. ("PJM") RTOs and several other major transmission-owning utilities in the region as a result ofwhole. Therefore, while it is believed that the MISO's transmission interconnections MISO has with such organizations.system improvements will be beneficial to MidAmerican Energy's transmission and distribution systems included 2,300 miles of transmission lines and 400 substations as of December 31, 2010.Energy, incremental charges could exceed incremental benefits.

Regulated Natural Gas OperationsDemand-side Management

PacifiCorp has provided a comprehensive set of DSM programs to its customers since the 1970s. The programs are designed to reduce energy consumption and more effectively manage when energy is used, including management of seasonal peak loads. PacifiCorp offers services to customers such as energy engineering audits and information on how to improve the efficiency of their homes and businesses. To assist customers in investing in energy efficiency, PacifiCorp offers rebates or incentives encouraging the purchase and installation of high-efficiency equipment such as lighting, heating and cooling equipment, weatherization, motors, process equipment and systems, as well as incentives for efficient construction. Incentives are also paid to solicit participation in load management programs by residential, business and agricultural customers through programs such as PacifiCorp's residential and small commercial air conditioner load control program and irrigation equipment load control programs. Although subject to prudence reviews, state regulations allow for contemporaneous recovery of costs incurred for the DSM programs through state-specific energy efficiency surcharges to retail customers or for recovery of costs through regulated rates. In addition to these DSM programs, PacifiCorp has load curtailment contracts with a number of large industrial customers that deliver up to 305 MW of load reduction when needed. Recovery of the costs associated with the large industrial load management program is determined through PacifiCorp's general rate case process. During 2011, $114 million was expended on PacifiCorp's DSM programs resulting in an estimated 539,197 MWh of first-year energy savings and an estimated 467 MW of peak load management. Total demand-side load available for control during 2011, including both load management from the large industrial curtailment contracts and DSM programs, was 719 MW.

MidAmerican Energy

General

MidAmerican Energy, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of MEHC, is a United States regulated electric and natural gas utility company headquartered in Iowa that serves 0.7 million regulated retail electric customers in portions of Iowa, Illinois and South Dakota and 0.7 million regulated retail and transportation natural gas customers in portions of Iowa, South Dakota, Illinois and Nebraska. MidAmerican Energy is principally engaged in the procurement, transportation, storagebusiness of generating, transmitting, distributing and distributionselling electricity and in distributing, selling and transporting natural gas. MidAmerican Energy has a diverse customer base consisting of residential, agricultural and a variety of commercial and industrial customer groups. Some of the larger industrial groups served by MidAmerican Energy include the processing and sales of food products; the manufacturing, processing and fabrication of primary metals; farm and other non-electrical machinery; real estate; and cement and gypsum products. In addition to retail sales and natural gas for customers in its service territory. MidAmerican Energy purchases natural gas from various suppliers and contracts with interstate natural gas pipelines for transportation, of the gas from the production areas to MidAmerican Energy's service territory and for storage services to manage fluctuations in system demand and seasonal pricing. MidAmerican Energy sells natural gaselectricity to markets operated by RTOs and delivery services to end-use customers on its distribution system; sellselectricity and natural gas to other utilities municipalities and market participants on a wholesale basis. MidAmerican Energy is a transmission-owning member of the MISO and participates in its energy ma rketing companies; and transportsancillary services markets.

MidAmerican Energy's regulated electric and natural gas throughoperations are conducted under numerous franchise agreements, certificates, permits and licenses obtained from federal, state and local authorities. The franchise agreements, with various expiration dates, are typically for 20- to 25-year terms. Several of these franchise agreements allow the municipality the right to seek amendment to the franchise agreement at a specified time during the term. MidAmerican Energy generally has an exclusive right to serve electric customers within its distribution systemservice territories and, in turn, has an obligation to provide electricity service to those customers. In return, the state utility commissions have established rates on a cost-of-service basis, which are designed to allow MidAmerican Energy an opportunity to recover its costs of providing services and to earn a reasonable return on its investment.

MidAmerican Energy has nonregulated business activities that consist of competitive electricity and natural gas retail sales and natural gas income-sharing arrangements. Nonregulated electric activities predominantly include sales to retail customers in Illinois, Texas and other states that allow customers to choose their energy supplier. Nonregulated natural gas activities predominately include sales to retail customers in Iowa and Illinois. For its nonregulated retail energy activities, MidAmerican Energy purchases electricity and natural gas from producers and third party energy marketing companies and sells it directly to commercial and industrial end-users. MidAmerican Energy does not own nonregulated electricity or natural gas production assets, but hedges its contracted retail obligations either with physical supply arrangements or financial products. As of December 31, 2011, MidAmerican Energy had contracts in place for the retail sale of electricity and natural gas totaling 17,515,000 MWh and 25,112,000 Dth, respectively, with weighted average lives of 1.3 years and 1.0 years, respectively. In addition, MidAmerican Energy manages natural gas supplies for a number of end-usesmaller commercial end-users, which includes the sale of natural gas to these customers who have independently securedto meet their supply of natural gas. During 2010, 47% of the total natural gas delivered through MidAmerican Energy's distribution system was transportation service.requirements.


168



The percentages of natural gasMidAmerican Energy's operating revenue derived from the following business activities for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
 2011 2010 2009
      
Regulated electric47% 47% 47%
Regulated gas22
 22
 23
Nonregulated and other31
 31
 30
 100% 100% 100%

Regulated Electric Operations

Customers

The GWh and percentages of electricity sold to retail customers by jurisdiction for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
 2010 2009 2008
      
Iowa77
%
 76% 77%
South Dakota12  13  12 
Illinois10  10  10 
Nebraska111100%100%100%
 2011 2010 2009
            
Iowa19,597
 90% 19,435
 90% 18,074
 90%
Illinois2,066
 9
 2,059
 9
 1,908
 9
South Dakota210
 1
 216
 1
 203
 1
 21,873
 100% 21,710
 100% 20,185
 100%
The percentages of natural gas
Electricity sold to retail and wholesale customers by class of customer total decatherms ("Dth") of natural gas sold, total Dth of transportation service and the average number of retail customers for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
 2010 
2009
 2008
 
 
    
Residential45% 42% 42%
Commercial(1)
22  22  21 
Industrial(1)
4  4  4 
Total retail71  68  67 
Wholesale(2)
29  32  33 
 100% 100% 100%
      
Total Dth of natural gas sold (000's)112,117  121,355  132,172 
Total Dth of transportation service (000's)71,185  69,642  68,782 
Total average number of retail customers (in millions)0.7  0.7  0.7 
 2011 2010 2009
GWh sold:           
Residential6,476
 20% 6,549
 19% 5,907
 18%
Commercial4,189
 13
 4,226
 12
 4,093
 12
Industrial9,586
 29
 9,310
 27
 8,627
 26
Other1,622
 5
 1,625
 4
 1,558
 4
Total retail21,873
 67
 21,710
 62
 20,185
 60
Wholesale10,584
 33
 13,130
 38
 13,424
 40
Total GWh sold32,457
 100% 34,840
 100% 33,609
 100%
            
Average number of retail customers (in thousands):           
Residential630
 86% 627
 86% 624
 86%
Commercial84
 12
 84
 12
 83
 12
Industrial2
 
 2
 
 2
 
Other14
 2
 14
 2
 14
 2
Total730
 100% 727
 100% 723
 100%

(1)    Commercial and industrial customers are classified primarily based on the nature of their business and natural gas usage. Commercial customers are business customers that use natural gas principally for heating. Industrial customers are business customers that use natural gas principally for their manufacturing processes.
(2)    Wholesale sales are gen erally made to other utilities, municipalities and energy marketing companies for eventual resale to end-use customers.
In addition to the variations in weather from year to year, fluctuations in economic conditions within the service territory and elsewhere can impact customer usage, particularly for industrial and wholesale customers. The increase in retail demand during 2010 was substantially the result of weather and higher industrial customer usage driven by improved economic conditions in the United States compared to 2009. The decrease in wholesale sales for 2011 compared to 2010 was driven primarily by the impact of lower market prices.

There are seasonal variations in MidAmerican Energy's regulated natural gaselectric business that are principally duerelated to the use of natural gaselectricity for heating.air conditioning and the related effects of weather. Typically, 45-55%35-40% of MidAmerican Energy's regulated natural gaselectric revenue is reported in the months of January, February, MarchJune, July, August and December.September.


9



The annual hourly peak demand on MidAmerican Energy's electric system usually occurs as a result of air conditioning use during the cooling season. Peak demand represents the highest demand on a given day and at a given hour. On January 15, 2009,July 19, 2011, retail customer usage of electricity caused a record hourly peak demand of 4,752 MW on MidAmerican Energy recorded its all-time highest peak-day delivery through itsEnergy's electric distribution system, which is 237 MW greater than the previous peak demand of 1,155,473,599 Dth. This peak-day delivery consisted of 74% traditional retail sales service4,515 MW set July 14, 2010.

Generating Facilities and 26% transportation service. MidAmerican Energy's 2010/2011 winter heating season peak-day delivery as of February 15, 2011 was 1,026,079 Dth reached on February 8, 2011. This preliminary peak-day delivery included 71% traditional retail sales service and 29% transportation service.
Fuel Supply and Capacity
MidAmerican Energy is allowed to recover its cost of natural gas fr om all of its regulated retail natural gas customers through purchased gas adjustment clauses ("PGA"). Accordingly, as long as MidAmerican Energy is prudent in its procurement practices, MidAmerican Energy's regulated retail natural gas customers retain the risk associated with the market price of natural gas. MidAmerican Energy uses several strategies designed to reduce volatility of natural gas prices for its regulated retail natural gas customers while maintaining system reliability. These strategies include purchasing a geographically diverse supply portfolio from producers and third party energy marketing companies, the use of storage gas and peak-shaving facilities, regulatory arrangements to share savings and costs with customers and short- and long-term financial and physical gas purchase contracts.

MidAmerican Energy contractshas ownership interest in a diverse portfolio of generating facilities. The following table presents certain information regarding MidAmerican Energy's owned generating facilities as of December 31, 2011:
        Facility Net Owned
        Net Capacity Capacity
Generating Facility Location Energy Source Installed 
(MW)(1)
 
(MW)(1)
COAL:          
Walter Scott, Jr. Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 Council Bluffs, IA Coal 1954-2007 1,642 1,167
George Neal Nos. 1, 2 and 3 Sergeant Bluff, IA Coal 1964-1975 956 810
Louisa Muscatine, IA Coal 1983 750 660
Ottumwa Ottumwa, IA Coal 1981 664 345
George Neal No. 4 Salix, IA Coal 1979 645 262
Riverside Nos. 3 and 5 Bettendorf, IA Coal 1925-1961 137 137
        4,794 3,381
NATURAL GAS:          
Greater Des Moines Pleasant Hill, IA Natural gas 2003-2004 495 495
Electrifarm Waterloo, IA Natural gas/oil 1975-1978 189 189
Pleasant Hill Pleasant Hill, IA Natural gas/oil 1990-1994 157 157
Sycamore Johnston, IA Natural gas/oil 1974 149 149
River Hills Des Moines, IA Natural gas 1966-1967 121 121
Coralville Coralville, IA Natural gas 1970 65 65
Moline Moline, IL Natural gas 1970 58 58
Parr Charles City, IA Natural gas 1969 33 33
28 portable power modules Various Oil 2000 56 56
        1,323 1,323
WIND:          
Rolling Hills Massena, IA Wind 2011 444 444
Pomeroy Pomeroy, IA Wind 2007-2011 286 286
Century Blairsburg, IA Wind 2005-2008 200 200
Intrepid Schaller, IA Wind 2004-2005 176 176
Adair Adair, IA Wind 2008 175 175
Walnut Walnut, IA Wind 2008 153 153
Carroll Carroll, IA Wind 2008 150 150
Laurel Laurel, IA Wind 2011 120 120
Victory Westside, IA Wind 2006 99 99
Charles City Charles City, IA Wind 2008 75 75
        1,878 1,878
NUCLEAR:          
Quad Cities Nos. 1 and 2 Cordova, IL Uranium 1972 1,760 440
           
OTHER:          
Moline Nos. 1-4 Moline, IL Hydroelectric 1941 3 3
           
Total Available Generating Capacity       9,758 7,025
           
PROJECTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION(2):
        
Various wind projects Iowa Wind   407 407
        10,165 7,432


10



(1)
Facility Net Capacity represents (except for wind-powered generating facilities, which are nominal ratings) total facility accredited net generating capacity based on MidAmerican Energy's accreditation approved by the MISO. A wind turbine generator's nominal rating is the manufacturer's contractually specified capability (in MW) under specified conditions. The accreditation of the wind-powered generating facilities totaled 172 MW and is considerably less than the nominal ratings due to the varying nature of wind. Additionally, the Laurel and Rolling Hills wind-powered generating facilities and 30 MW of the Pomeroy wind-powered generating facility were placed in service in late 2011 and were not yet accredited by the MISO. Net Owned Capacity indicates MidAmerican Energy's ownership of Facility Net Capacity.
(2)Facility Net Capacity and Net Owned Capacity for projects under construction each represent the estimated nominal ratings.

The following table shows the percentages of MidAmerican Energy's total energy supplied by energy source for firm natural gas pipeline capacitythe years ended December 31:
 2011 2010 2009
      
Coal64% 66% 60%
Nuclear11
 11
 11
Natural gas1
 2
 1
Other(1)
13
 10
 10
Total energy generated89
 89
 82
Energy purchased - short-term contracts and other10
 10
 11
Energy purchased - long-term contracts1
 1
 7
 100% 100% 100%

(1)All or some of the renewable energy attributes associated with generation from these generating facilities may be: (a) used in future years to comply with RPS or other regulatory requirements or (b) sold to third parties in the form of renewable energy credits or other environmental commodities.

The percentage of MidAmerican Energy's energy supplied by energy source varies from year to transport natural gas from production areasyear and is subject to numerous operational and economic factors such as planned and unplanned outages; fuel commodity prices; fuel transportation costs; weather; environmental considerations; transmission constraints; and wholesale market prices of electricity. When factors for one energy source are less favorable, MidAmerican Energy must place more reliance on other energy sources. For example, MidAmerican Energy can generate more electricity using its low cost wind-powered generating facilities when factors associated with these facilities are favorable. When factors associated with wind resources are less favorable, MidAmerican Energy must increase its reliance on more expensive generation or purchased electricity. MidAmerican Energy manages certain risks relating to its service territory through direct interconnectssupply of electricity and fuel requirements by entering into various contracts, which may be accounted for as derivatives, including forwards, futures, options, swaps and other agreements. Refer to Item 7A in this Form 10-K for a discussion of commodity price risk and derivative contracts.

All of the coal-fueled generating facilities operated by MidAmerican Energy are fueled by low-sulfur, western coal from the Powder River Basin in northeast Wyoming. MidAmerican Energy's coal supply portfolio includes multiple suppliers and mines under short-term and multi-year agreements of varying terms and quantities. MidAmerican Energy's coal supply portfolio has all of its expected 2012 requirements under fixed-price contracts. MidAmerican Energy regularly monitors the western coal market for opportunities to enhance its coal supply portfolio. During the year ended December 31, 2011, MidAmerican Energy-owned generating facilities held sufficient allowances for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions to comply with the EPA Title IV and CAIR or CSAPR requirements. For a further discussion regarding EPA requirements and other environmental laws and regulations, refer to "Environmental Laws and Regulations" in Item 7 of this Form 10-K.

MidAmerican Energy has a long-haul coal transportation agreement with Union Pacific Railroad Company ("Union Pacific") that expires in 2012. Under this agreement, Union Pacific delivers coal directly to MidAmerican Energy's George Neal and Walter Scott, Jr. Energy Centers and to an interchange point with Canadian Pacific Railway for short-haul delivery to the pipeline systemsLouisa and Riverside Energy Centers. MidAmerican Energy has the ability to use BNSF Railway Company, an affiliate company, for delivery of several interstate natural gas pipeline systems, including Northern Natural Gas.coal to the Walter Scott, Jr., Louisa and Riverside Energy Centers should the need arise.


1711



MidAmerican Energy utilizesis a 25% joint owner of Quad Cities Generating Station Units 1 and 2 ("Quad Cities Station"), a nuclear power plant. Exelon Generation Company, LLC ("Exelon Generation"), the 75% joint owner and the operator of Quad Cities Station, is a subsidiary of Exelon Corporation. Approximately one-third of the nuclear fuel assemblies in each reactor core at Quad Cities Station is replaced every 24 months. MidAmerican Energy has been advised by Exelon Generation that the following requirements for Quad Cities Station can be met under existing supplies or commitments: uranium requirements through 2015 and partial requirements through 2020; uranium conversion requirements through 2015 and partial requirements through 2020; enrichment requirements through 2015 and partial requirements through 2028; and fuel fabrication requirements through 2019. MidAmerican Energy has been advised by Exelon Generation that it does not anticipate it will have difficulty in contracting for uranium, uranium conversion, enrichment or fabrication of nuclear fuel needed to operate Quad Cities Station during these time periods.

MidAmerican Energy uses natural gas storage leased from interstate pipelinesand oil as fuel for intermediate and peak demand electric generation, igniter fuel, transmission support and standby purposes. These sources are presently in adequate supply and available to meet retail customer requirements and to manage the daily changes in demand due to changes in weather. The storage gas is typically replaced during off-peak months when the demand for natural gas is historically lower than during the heating season. In addition, MidAmerican Energy's needs.

MidAmerican Energy also utilizes its three liquefied natural gas ("LNG") facilitiesowns more wind-powered generating capacity than any other United States rate-regulated electric utility and believes wind-powered generation offers a viable, economical and environmentally prudent means of supplying electricity. Pursuant to meet peak day demands inratemaking principles approved by the winter. The leased storage and LNG facilities reduce MidAmerican Energy's dependence on natural gas purchases during the volatile winter heating season and can deliver approximately 50%IUB, all of MidAmerican Energy's design daywind-powered generating facilities in service at December 31, 2011 are authorized to earn a fixed rate of return on equity over their useful lives ranging from 11.7% to 12.2% in any future Iowa rate proceeding. Additionally, MidAmerican Energy is constructing 407 MW (nominal ratings) of wind-powered generation that it expects to place in service by December 31, 2012, which are authorized to earn a 12.2% return on equity in any future Iowa rate proceeding. Renewable resources have low to no emissions, require little or no fossil fuel and are complemented by MidAmerican Energy's other generating facilities and wholesale transactions. Wind-powered generating facilities placed in service by December 31, 2012 are eligible for federal renewable electricity production tax credits for 10 years from the date the facilities are placed in-service.

MidAmerican Energy purchases and sells electricity and ancillary services in the wholesale markets as needed to balance its generation and long-term purchase commitments with its retail load and long-term wholesale sales requirements.obligations. MidAmerican Energy may also purchase electricity in the wholesale markets when it is more economical than generating electricity from its own facilities. MidAmerican Energy utilizes both swaps and fixed-price electricity sales and purchases contracts to reduce its exposure to electricity price volatility.

Natural gas property consists primarilyMidAmerican Energy can enter into wholesale bilateral transactions with a number of natural gas mainsparties within the MISO market footprint and servicescan also participate directly in the MISO market. MidAmerican Energy's wholesale transactions can also occur through the Southwest Power Pool, Inc. ("SPP") and PJM Interconnection, L.L.C. ("PJM") RTOs and several other major transmission-owning utilities in the region as a result of transmission interconnections the MISO has with such organizations.

Transmission and Distribution

MidAmerican Energy's transmission and distribution systems included 2,300 miles of transmission lines meters, and related distribution equipment, including feeder lines400 substations as of December 31, 2011. Electricity from MidAmerican Energy's generating facilities and purchased electricity is delivered to communities served from natural gas pipeline s owned by others. The gas distributionwholesale markets and its retail customers via the transmission facilities of MidAmerican Energy included 22,000 milesand others. MidAmerican Energy determined that participation in an RTO energy and ancillary services market as a transmission-owning member would be superior to continuing as a stand-alone balancing control area and provide MidAmerican Energy with enhanced wholesale marketing opportunities and improved economic dispatch of gas mainsits generating facilities. Effective September 1, 2009, MidAmerican Energy integrated its transmission facilities with the MISO as a transmission-owning member. Accordingly, MidAmerican Energy now operates its transmission assets at the direction of the MISO.

The MISO manages its energy and ancillary service linesmarkets using reliability-constrained economic dispatch of the region's generation. Every five minutes, the MISO analyzes generation commitments to provide market liquidity and transparent pricing while minimizing congestion and maximizing efficient energy transmission. Additionally, the MISO provides transmission service to MidAmerican Energy and others through its open access transmission tariff throughout the MISO footprint.


12



The long-term transmission planning function is also performed by the MISO through its tariff. Recently, the MISO received FERC approval on changes to this tariff that allows for broad cost allocation for certain types of Multi‑Value Projects ("MVP"). The MISO has identified 17 candidate projects that provide multiple benefits and will qualify for broad cost allocation under their tariff. Four of these candidate projects are expected to be part of the MidAmerican Energy transmission system and owned and operated by MidAmerican Energy. While the analyses performed by the MISO in relation to the MVP demonstrate benefits that exceed costs for the RTO as a whole, the experience for individual members may not necessarily be consistent with that of December 31, 2010.the MISO as a whole. Therefore, while it is believed that the MISO's transmission system improvements will be beneficial to MidAmerican Energy, incremental charges could exceed incremental benefits.

Demand-side Management

PacifiCorp has provided a comprehensive set of DSM programs to its customers since the 1970s. The programs are designed to reduce energy consumption and more effectively manage when energy is used, including management of seasonal peak loads. PacifiCorp offers services to customers such as energy engineering audits and information on how to improve the efficiency of their homes and businesses. To assist customers in investing in energy efficiency, PacifiCorp offers rebates or incentives encouraging the purchase and installation of high-efficiency equipment such as lighting, heating and cooling equipment, weatherization, motors, process equipment and systems, as well as incentives for efficient construction. Incentives are also paid to solicit participation in load management programs by residential, business and agricultural customers through programs such as PacifiCorp's residential and small commercial air conditioner load control program and irrigation equipment load control programs. Although subject to prudence reviews, state regulations allow for contemporaneous recovery of costs incurred for the DSM programs through state-specific energy efficiency surcharges to retail customers or for recovery of costs through regulated rates. In addition to these DSM programs, PacifiCorp has load curtailment contracts with a number of large industrial customers that deliver up to 305 MW of load reduction when needed. Recovery of the costs associated with the large industrial load management program is determined through PacifiCorp's general rate case process. During 2011, $114 million was expended on PacifiCorp's DSM programs resulting in an estimated 539,197 MWh of first-year energy savings and an estimated 467 MW of peak load management. Total demand-side load available for control during 2011, including both load management from the large industrial curtailment contracts and DSM programs, was 719 MW.

MidAmerican Energy

General

MidAmerican Energy, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of MEHC, is a United States regulated electric and natural gas utility company headquartered in Iowa that serves 0.7 million regulated retail electric customers in portions of Iowa, Illinois and South Dakota and 0.7 million regulated retail and transportation natural gas customers in portions of Iowa, South Dakota, Illinois and Nebraska. MidAmerican Energy is principally engaged in the business of generating, transmitting, distributing and selling electricity and in distributing, selling and transporting natural gas. MidAmerican Energy has a diverse customer base consisting of residential, agricultural and a variety of commercial and industrial customer groups. Some of the larger industrial groups served by MidAmerican Energy include the processing and sales of food products; the manufacturing, processing and fabrication of primary metals; farm and other non-electrical machinery; real estate; and cement and gypsum products. In addition to retail sales and natural gas transportation, MidAmerican Energy sells electricity to markets operated by RTOs and electricity and natural gas to other utilities and market participants on a wholesale basis. MidAmerican Energy is a transmission-owning member of the MISO and participates in its energy and ancillary services markets.

MidAmerican Energy's regulated electric and natural gas operations are conducted under numerous franchise agreements, certificates, permits and licenses obtained from federal, state and local authorities. The franchise agreements, with various expiration dates, are typically for 20- to 25-year terms. Several of these franchise agreements allow the municipality the right to seek amendment to the franchise agreement at a specified time during the term. MidAmerican Energy generally has an exclusive right to serve electric customers within its service territories and, in turn, has an obligation to provide electricity service to those customers. In return, the state utility commissions have established rates on a cost-of-service basis, which are designed to allow MidAmerican Energy an opportunity to recover its costs of providing services and to earn a reasonable return on its investment.

MidAmerican Energy has nonregulated business activities that consist of competitive electricity and natural gas retail sales and natural gas income-sharing arrangements. Nonregulated electric activities predominantly include sales to retail customers in Illinois, Texas and other states that allow customers to choose their energy supplier. Nonregulated natural gas activities predominately include sales to retail customers in Iowa and Illinois. For its nonregulated retail energy activities, MidAmerican Energy purchases electricity and natural gas from producers and third party energy marketing companies and sells it directly to commercial and industrial end-users. MidAmerican Energy does not own nonregulated electricity or natural gas production assets, but hedges its contracted retail obligations either with physical supply arrangements or financial products. As of December 31, 2011, MidAmerican Energy had contracts in place for the retail sale of electricity and natural gas totaling 17,515,000 MWh and 25,112,000 Dth, respectively, with weighted average lives of 1.3 years and 1.0 years, respectively. In addition, MidAmerican Energy manages natural gas supplies for a number of smaller commercial end-users, which includes the sale of natural gas to these customers to meet their supply requirements.


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The percentages of MidAmerican Energy's operating revenue derived from the following business activities for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
 2011 2010 2009
      
Regulated electric47% 47% 47%
Regulated gas22
 22
 23
Nonregulated and other31
 31
 30
 100% 100% 100%

Regulated Electric Operations

Customers

The GWh and percentages of electricity sold to retail customers by jurisdiction for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
 2011 2010 2009
            
Iowa19,597
 90% 19,435
 90% 18,074
 90%
Illinois2,066
 9
 2,059
 9
 1,908
 9
South Dakota210
 1
 216
 1
 203
 1
 21,873
 100% 21,710
 100% 20,185
 100%

Electricity sold to retail and wholesale customers by class of customer and the average number of retail customers for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
 2011 2010 2009
GWh sold:           
Residential6,476
 20% 6,549
 19% 5,907
 18%
Commercial4,189
 13
 4,226
 12
 4,093
 12
Industrial9,586
 29
 9,310
 27
 8,627
 26
Other1,622
 5
 1,625
 4
 1,558
 4
Total retail21,873
 67
 21,710
 62
 20,185
 60
Wholesale10,584
 33
 13,130
 38
 13,424
 40
Total GWh sold32,457
 100% 34,840
 100% 33,609
 100%
            
Average number of retail customers (in thousands):           
Residential630
 86% 627
 86% 624
 86%
Commercial84
 12
 84
 12
 83
 12
Industrial2
 
 2
 
 2
 
Other14
 2
 14
 2
 14
 2
Total730
 100% 727
 100% 723
 100%

In addition to the variations in weather from year to year, fluctuations in economic conditions within the service territory and elsewhere can impact customer usage, particularly for industrial and wholesale customers. The increase in retail demand during 2010 was substantially the result of weather and higher industrial customer usage driven by improved economic conditions in the United States compared to 2009. The decrease in wholesale sales for 2011 compared to 2010 was driven primarily by the impact of lower market prices.

There are seasonal variations in MidAmerican Energy's electric business that are principally related to the use of electricity for air conditioning and the related effects of weather. Typically, 35-40% of MidAmerican Energy's regulated electric revenue is reported in the months of June, July, August and September.


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The annual hourly peak demand on MidAmerican Energy's electric system usually occurs as a result of air conditioning use during the cooling season. Peak demand represents the highest demand on a given day and at a given hour. On July 19, 2011, retail customer usage of electricity caused a record hourly peak demand of 4,752 MW on MidAmerican Energy's electric distribution system, which is 237 MW greater than the previous peak demand of 4,515 MW set July 14, 2010.

Generating Facilities and Fuel Supply

MidAmerican Energy has ownership interest in a diverse portfolio of generating facilities. The following table presents certain information regarding MidAmerican Energy's owned generating facilities as of December 31, 2011:
        Facility Net Owned
        Net Capacity Capacity
Generating Facility Location Energy Source Installed 
(MW)(1)
 
(MW)(1)
COAL:          
Walter Scott, Jr. Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 Council Bluffs, IA Coal 1954-2007 1,642 1,167
George Neal Nos. 1, 2 and 3 Sergeant Bluff, IA Coal 1964-1975 956 810
Louisa Muscatine, IA Coal 1983 750 660
Ottumwa Ottumwa, IA Coal 1981 664 345
George Neal No. 4 Salix, IA Coal 1979 645 262
Riverside Nos. 3 and 5 Bettendorf, IA Coal 1925-1961 137 137
        4,794 3,381
NATURAL GAS:          
Greater Des Moines Pleasant Hill, IA Natural gas 2003-2004 495 495
Electrifarm Waterloo, IA Natural gas/oil 1975-1978 189 189
Pleasant Hill Pleasant Hill, IA Natural gas/oil 1990-1994 157 157
Sycamore Johnston, IA Natural gas/oil 1974 149 149
River Hills Des Moines, IA Natural gas 1966-1967 121 121
Coralville Coralville, IA Natural gas 1970 65 65
Moline Moline, IL Natural gas 1970 58 58
Parr Charles City, IA Natural gas 1969 33 33
28 portable power modules Various Oil 2000 56 56
        1,323 1,323
WIND:          
Rolling Hills Massena, IA Wind 2011 444 444
Pomeroy Pomeroy, IA Wind 2007-2011 286 286
Century Blairsburg, IA Wind 2005-2008 200 200
Intrepid Schaller, IA Wind 2004-2005 176 176
Adair Adair, IA Wind 2008 175 175
Walnut Walnut, IA Wind 2008 153 153
Carroll Carroll, IA Wind 2008 150 150
Laurel Laurel, IA Wind 2011 120 120
Victory Westside, IA Wind 2006 99 99
Charles City Charles City, IA Wind 2008 75 75
        1,878 1,878
NUCLEAR:          
Quad Cities Nos. 1 and 2 Cordova, IL Uranium 1972 1,760 440
           
OTHER:          
Moline Nos. 1-4 Moline, IL Hydroelectric 1941 3 3
           
Total Available Generating Capacity       9,758 7,025
           
PROJECTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION(2):
        
Various wind projects Iowa Wind   407 407
        10,165 7,432


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(1)
Facility Net Capacity represents (except for wind-powered generating facilities, which are nominal ratings) total facility accredited net generating capacity based on MidAmerican Energy's accreditation approved by the MISO. A wind turbine generator's nominal rating is the manufacturer's contractually specified capability (in MW) under specified conditions. The accreditation of the wind-powered generating facilities totaled 172 MW and is considerably less than the nominal ratings due to the varying nature of wind. Additionally, the Laurel and Rolling Hills wind-powered generating facilities and 30 MW of the Pomeroy wind-powered generating facility were placed in service in late 2011 and were not yet accredited by the MISO. Net Owned Capacity indicates MidAmerican Energy's ownership of Facility Net Capacity.
(2)Facility Net Capacity and Net Owned Capacity for projects under construction each represent the estimated nominal ratings.

The following table shows the percentages of MidAmerican Energy's total energy supplied by energy source for the years ended December 31:
 2011 2010 2009
      
Coal64% 66% 60%
Nuclear11
 11
 11
Natural gas1
 2
 1
Other(1)
13
 10
 10
Total energy generated89
 89
 82
Energy purchased - short-term contracts and other10
 10
 11
Energy purchased - long-term contracts1
 1
 7
 100% 100% 100%

(1)All or some of the renewable energy attributes associated with generation from these generating facilities may be: (a) used in future years to comply with RPS or other regulatory requirements or (b) sold to third parties in the form of renewable energy credits or other environmental commodities.

The percentage of MidAmerican Energy's energy supplied by energy source varies from year to year and is subject to numerous operational and economic factors such as planned and unplanned outages; fuel commodity prices; fuel transportation costs; weather; environmental considerations; transmission constraints; and wholesale market prices of electricity. When factors for one energy source are less favorable, MidAmerican Energy must place more reliance on other energy sources. For example, MidAmerican Energy can generate more electricity using its low cost wind-powered generating facilities when factors associated with these facilities are favorable. When factors associated with wind resources are less favorable, MidAmerican Energy must increase its reliance on more expensive generation or purchased electricity. MidAmerican Energy manages certain risks relating to its supply of electricity and fuel requirements by entering into various contracts, which may be accounted for as derivatives, including forwards, futures, options, swaps and other agreements. Refer to Item 7A in this Form 10-K for a discussion of commodity price risk and derivative contracts.

All of the coal-fueled generating facilities operated by MidAmerican Energy are fueled by low-sulfur, western coal from the Powder River Basin in northeast Wyoming. MidAmerican Energy's coal supply portfolio includes multiple suppliers and mines under short-term and multi-year agreements of varying terms and quantities. MidAmerican Energy's coal supply portfolio has all of its expected 2012 requirements under fixed-price contracts. MidAmerican Energy regularly monitors the western coal market for opportunities to enhance its coal supply portfolio. During the year ended December 31, 2011, MidAmerican Energy-owned generating facilities held sufficient allowances for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions to comply with the EPA Title IV and CAIR or CSAPR requirements. For a further discussion regarding EPA requirements and other environmental laws and regulations, refer to "Environmental Laws and Regulations" in Item 7 of this Form 10-K.

MidAmerican Energy has a long-haul coal transportation agreement with Union Pacific Railroad Company ("Union Pacific") that expires in 2012. Under this agreement, Union Pacific delivers coal directly to MidAmerican Energy's George Neal and Walter Scott, Jr. Energy Centers and to an interchange point with Canadian Pacific Railway for short-haul delivery to the Louisa and Riverside Energy Centers. MidAmerican Energy has the ability to use BNSF Railway Company, an affiliate company, for delivery of coal to the Walter Scott, Jr., Louisa and Riverside Energy Centers should the need arise.


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MidAmerican Energy is a 25% joint owner of Quad Cities Generating Station Units 1 and 2 ("Quad Cities Station"), a nuclear power plant. Exelon Generation Company, LLC ("Exelon Generation"), the 75% joint owner and the operator of Quad Cities Station, is a subsidiary of Exelon Corporation. Approximately one-third of the nuclear fuel assemblies in each reactor core at Quad Cities Station is replaced every 24 months. MidAmerican Energy has been advised by Exelon Generation that the following requirements for Quad Cities Station can be met under existing supplies or commitments: uranium requirements through 2015 and partial requirements through 2020; uranium conversion requirements through 2015 and partial requirements through 2020; enrichment requirements through 2015 and partial requirements through 2028; and fuel fabrication requirements through 2019. MidAmerican Energy has been advised by Exelon Generation that it does not anticipate it will have difficulty in contracting for uranium, uranium conversion, enrichment or fabrication of nuclear fuel needed to operate Quad Cities Station during these time periods.

MidAmerican Energy uses natural gas and oil as fuel for intermediate and peak demand electric generation, igniter fuel, transmission support and standby purposes. These sources are presently in adequate supply and available to meet MidAmerican Energy's needs.

MidAmerican Energy owns more wind-powered generating capacity than any other United States rate-regulated electric utility and believes wind-powered generation offers a viable, economical and environmentally prudent means of supplying electricity. Pursuant to ratemaking principles approved by the IUB, all of MidAmerican Energy's wind-powered generating facilities in service at December 31, 2011 are authorized to earn a fixed rate of return on equity over their useful lives ranging from 11.7% to 12.2% in any future Iowa rate proceeding. Additionally, MidAmerican Energy is constructing 407 MW (nominal ratings) of wind-powered generation that it expects to place in service by December 31, 2012, which are authorized to earn a 12.2% return on equity in any future Iowa rate proceeding. Renewable resources have low to no emissions, require little or no fossil fuel and are complemented by MidAmerican Energy's other generating facilities and wholesale transactions. Wind-powered generating facilities placed in service by December 31, 2012 are eligible for federal renewable electricity production tax credits for 10 years from the date the facilities are placed in-service.

MidAmerican Energy purchases and sells electricity and ancillary services in the wholesale markets as needed to balance its generation and long-term purchase commitments with its retail load and long-term wholesale sales obligations. MidAmerican Energy may also purchase electricity in the wholesale markets when it is more economical than generating electricity from its own facilities. MidAmerican Energy utilizes both swaps and fixed-price electricity sales and purchases contracts to reduce its exposure to electricity price volatility.

MidAmerican Energy can enter into wholesale bilateral transactions with a number of parties within the MISO market footprint and can also participate directly in the MISO market. MidAmerican Energy's wholesale transactions can also occur through the Southwest Power Pool, Inc. ("SPP") and PJM Interconnection, L.L.C. ("PJM") RTOs and several other major transmission-owning utilities in the region as a result of transmission interconnections the MISO has with such organizations.

Transmission and Distribution

MidAmerican Energy's transmission and distribution systems included 2,300 miles of transmission lines and 400 substations as of December 31, 2011. Electricity from MidAmerican Energy's generating facilities and purchased electricity is delivered to wholesale markets and its retail customers via the transmission facilities of MidAmerican Energy and others. MidAmerican Energy determined that participation in an RTO energy and ancillary services market as a transmission-owning member would be superior to continuing as a stand-alone balancing control area and provide MidAmerican Energy with enhanced wholesale marketing opportunities and improved economic dispatch of its generating facilities. Effective September 1, 2009, MidAmerican Energy integrated its transmission facilities with the MISO as a transmission-owning member. Accordingly, MidAmerican Energy now operates its transmission assets at the direction of the MISO.

The MISO manages its energy and ancillary service markets using reliability-constrained economic dispatch of the region's generation. Every five minutes, the MISO analyzes generation commitments to provide market liquidity and transparent pricing while minimizing congestion and maximizing efficient energy transmission. Additionally, the MISO provides transmission service to MidAmerican Energy and others through its open access transmission tariff throughout the MISO footprint.


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The long-term transmission planning function is also performed by the MISO through its tariff. Recently, the MISO received FERC approval on changes to this tariff that allows for broad cost allocation for certain types of Multi‑Value Projects ("MVP"). The MISO has identified 17 candidate projects that provide multiple benefits and will qualify for broad cost allocation under their tariff. Four of these candidate projects are expected to be part of the MidAmerican Energy transmission system and owned and operated by MidAmerican Energy. While the analyses performed by the MISO in relation to the MVP demonstrate benefits that exceed costs for the RTO as a whole, the experience for individual members may not necessarily be consistent with that of the MISO as a whole. Therefore, while it is believed that the MISO's transmission system improvements will be beneficial to MidAmerican Energy, incremental charges could exceed incremental benefits.

Regulated Natural Gas Operations

MidAmerican Energy is engaged in the procurement, transportation, storage and distribution of natural gas for customers in its service territory. MidAmerican Energy purchases natural gas from various suppliers and contracts with interstate natural gas pipelines for transportation of the gas from the production areas to MidAmerican Energy's service territory and for storage services to manage fluctuations in system demand and seasonal pricing. MidAmerican Energy sells natural gas and delivery services to end-use customers on its distribution system; sells natural gas to other utilities, municipalities and energy marketing companies; and transports natural gas through its distribution system for a number of end-use customers who have independently secured their supply of natural gas. During 2011, 49% of the total natural gas delivered through MidAmerican Energy's distribution system was transportation service.

The percentages of natural gas sold to retail customers by jurisdiction for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
 2011 2010 2009
      
Iowa76% 77% 76%
South Dakota13
 12
 13
Illinois10
 10
 10
Nebraska1
 1
 1
 100% 100% 100%

The percentages of natural gas sold to retail and wholesale customers by class of customer, total Dth of natural gas sold, total Dth of transportation service and the average number of retail customers for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
 2011 2010 2009
      
Residential49% 45% 42%
Commercial(1)
24
 22
 22
Industrial(1)
4
 4
 4
Total retail77
 71
 68
Wholesale(2)
23
 29
 32
 100% 100% 100%
      
Total Dth of natural gas sold (000's)100,154
 112,117
 121,355
Total Dth of transportation service (000's)73,045
 71,185
 69,642
Total average number of retail customers (in millions)0.7
 0.7
 0.7

(1)Commercial and industrial customers are classified primarily based on the nature of their business and natural gas usage. Commercial customers are non-residential customers that use natural gas principally for heating. Industrial customers are non-residential customers that use natural gas principally for their manufacturing processes.
(2)Wholesale sales are generally made to other utilities, municipalities and energy marketing companies for eventual resale to end-use customers.

There are seasonal variations in MidAmerican Energy's regulated natural gas business that are principally due to the use of natural gas for heating. Typically, 50-60% of MidAmerican Energy's regulated natural gas revenue is reported in the months of January, February, March and December.


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On January 15, 2009, MidAmerican Energy recorded its all-time highest peak-day delivery through its distribution system of 1,155,473 Dth. This peak-day delivery consisted of 74% traditional retail sales service and 26% transportation service. MidAmerican Energy's 2011/2012 winter heating season has been mild to date and the peak-day delivery as of February 10, 2012 was 949,368 Dth reached on January 19, 2012. This preliminary peak-day delivery included 68% traditional retail sales service and 32% transportation service.

Fuel Supply and Capacity

MidAmerican Energy is allowed to recover its cost of natural gas from all of its regulated retail natural gas customers through purchased gas adjustment clauses ("PGA"). Accordingly, as long as MidAmerican Energy is prudent in its procurement practices, MidAmerican Energy's regulated retail natural gas customers retain the risk associated with the market price of natural gas. MidAmerican Energy uses several strategies designed to reduce volatility of natural gas prices for its regulated retail natural gas customers while maintaining system reliability. These strategies include purchasing a geographically diverse supply portfolio from producers and third party energy marketing companies, the use of storage gas and peaking facilities, short- and long-term financial and physical gas purchase contracts and regulatory arrangements to share savings and costs with customers.

MidAmerican Energy contracts for firm natural gas pipeline capacity to transport natural gas from production areas to its service territory through direct interconnects to the pipeline systems of several interstate natural gas pipeline systems, including Northern Natural Gas.

MidAmerican Energy utilizes natural gas storage leased from interstate pipelines to meet retail customer requirements and to manage the daily changes in demand due to changes in weather. The storage gas is typically replaced during off-peak months when the demand for natural gas is historically lower than during the heating season. In addition, MidAmerican Energy also utilizes its three LNG facilities to meet peak day demands in the winter. The leased storage and LNG facilities reduce MidAmerican Energy's dependence on natural gas purchases during the volatile winter heating season and can deliver approximately 50% of MidAmerican Energy's design day retail sales requirements.

Natural gas property consists primarily of natural gas mains and services lines, meters, and related distribution equipment, including feeder lines to communities served from natural gas pipelines owned by others. The natural gas distribution facilities of MidAmerican Energy included 22,000 miles of natural gas mains and service lines as of December 31, 2011.

Demand-side Management

MidAmerican Energy has provided a comprehensive set of DSM programs to its Iowa electric and gas customers since 1990 and to customers in its other jurisdictions in more recent years. The programs are designed to reduce energy consumption and more effectively manage when energy is used, including management of seasonal peak loa ds.loads. Current programs offer services to customers such as energy engineering audits and information on how to improve the efficiency of their homes and businesses. To assist customers in investing in energy efficiency, MidAmerican Energy offers rebates or incentives encouraging the purchase and installation of high-efficiency equipment such as lighting, heating and cooling equipment, weatherization, motors, process equipment and systems, as well as incentives for efficient construction. Incentives are also paid to residential customers who participate in the air conditioner load control program and nonresidential customers who participate in the nonresidential load management program. Although subject to prudence reviews, state regulations allow for contemporaneous recovery of costs incurred for the DSM programs through state-specific energy efficiency service charges paid by all retail electric and gas customers. During 2010, $722011, $75 million was expended on MidAmerican Energy's DSM programs resulting in an estimated 239,000212,000 MWh of electric and 557,000468,000 Dth of gas first-year energy savings and an estimated 288375 MW of electric and 6,054 Dth/5,407 Dth per day of gas peak load management.


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MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group
Interstate
The MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group consists of MEHC's interstate natural gas pipeline companies, Northern Natural Gas Pipeline Companiesand Kern River.

Northern Natural Gas

N orthernNorthern Natural Gas, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of MEHC, owns one of the largest interstate natural gas pipeline systems in the United States, which reaches from southern Texas to Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Northern Natural Gas' pipeline system, which is interconnected with many interstate and intrastate pipelines in the national grid system, consists of two distinct, but operationally integrated, markets. Its traditional end-use and distribution market area, referred to as the Market Area, includes points in Iowa, Nebraska, Minnesota, Wisconsin, South Dakota, Michigan and Illinois. Its natural gas supply and delivery service area, referred to as the Field Area, includes Kansas, Texas, Oklahoma and New Mexico. Northern Natural Gas primarily transports and stores natural gas for utilities, municipalities, other pipeline companies, gas marketing companies, industrial and commercial users and other end-users. Northern Natural Gas' pipeline system consists of 15,000 miles of natural gas pipelines, including 6,400 miles of mainline transmission pipelines and 8,600 miles of branch and lateral pipelines, with a Market Area design capacity of 5.5 Bcf per day and a Field Area delivery capacity of 2.0 Bcf per day to the Market Area. Based on a review of relevant 2009 industry data, the Northern Natural Gas system is believed to be the largest single pipeline in the United States as measured by pipeline miles and the twelfth-largest as measured by throughput. During 2010,2011, Northern Natural Gas' transportation and storage revenue accounted for 93%91% of its total operating revenue, of which 87%90% was generated from reservation demand charges under firm transportation and storage contracts. About 64% of the reservation demand charges under the firm transportation and storage contracts were from utilities. Except for quantities of natural gas owned and managed for operational and system balancing purposes, Northern Natural Gas does not own the natural gas that is transported through its system. T heThe sale of natural gas for operational and system balancing purposes accounts for the majority of the remaining 7%9% of Northern Natural Gas' 20102011 operating revenue. Northern Natural Gas' transportation and most of its storage operations are subject to a regulated tariff that is on file with the FERC. The tariff rates are designed to allowprovide Northern Natural Gas with an opportunity to recover its costs of providing services and generateearn a regulatedreasonable return on equity.its investments.

Northern Natural Gas' pipeline system, provideswhich is interconnected with many interstate and intrastate pipelines in the national grid system, consists of two distinct, but operationally integrated, systems. Its traditional end-use and distribution market area in the northern part of its system, referred to as the Market Area, includes points in Iowa, Nebraska, Minnesota, Wisconsin, South Dakota, Michigan and Illinois. Its natural gas supply and delivery service area in the southern part of its system, referred to as the Field Area, includes points in Kansas, Texas, Oklahoma and New Mexico. Northern Natural Gas' pipeline system consists of 14,900 miles of natural gas pipelines, including 6,500 miles of mainline transmission pipelines and 8,400 miles of branch and lateral pipelines, with a Market Area design capacity of 5.5 Bcf per day, a Field Area delivery capacity of 2.0 Bcf per day to the Market Area and 73 Bcf of storage cycle capacity in five storage facilities. Northern Natural Gas' pipeline system is configured with approximately 2,400 active receipt and delivery points (excluding farm taps) which are integrated with the facilities of LDCs. Many of Northern Natural Gas' LDC customers are part of combined utilities that also use natural gas as a fuel source for electric generation. Northern Natural Gas delivers approximately 0.9 Tcf of natural gas to its customers access to natural gas through direct connections or interconnections with other pipelines from key production areas, includingannually. Based on review of the Hugoton, Permian, Anadarko and Rocky Mountain basinsrelevant 2010 industry data, Northern Natural Gas' system is the largest single pipeline in its Field Area and the Rocky Mountain and Canadian basins in its Market Area. In each of these areas, United States as measured by pipeline miles.

Northern Natural Gas has numerous interconnectingaccess to multiple supply basins. The pipeline is positioned such that direct access is available from producers in the Anadarko, Permian and Hugoton basins with increased production from shale and tight sands formations adjacent to Northern Natural Gas' pipeline. During 2011, the pipeline connected over 250,000 Dth per day of supply access from the Wolfberry shale formation in west Texas and from the Granite Wash tight sands formations in the Texas panhandle and in Oklahoma. Additionally, because of its location and multiple interconnections with several interstate and intrastate pipelines, with receipt, delivery or bi-directional capabilities, Northern Natural Gas also accesses significant natural gas supplies from the Rocky Mountains and delivery points.Western Canadian Basins. The Rocky Mountains Basin is accessed through interconnects with Trailblazer Pipeline Company, Kinder Morgan Interstate Gas Transmission, LLC, Cheyenne Plains Gas Pipeline Company, LLC, Colorado Interstate Gas Pipeline Company and Rockies Express Pipeline, LLC ("REX"). The Western Canadian production areas are accessed through Northern Border Pipeline Company ("Northern Border"), Great Lakes Gas Transmission Limited Partnership ("Great Lakes") and Viking Gas Transmission Company ("Viking"). This supply diversity and access to both stable and growing production areas provides significant flexibility to Northern Natural Gas' system and customers.


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During 2010, 77%2011, 79% of Northern Natural Gas' transportation and storage revenue was generated from Market Area customer transportation contracts.contracts, of which 93% was generated from reservation demand charges and the balance from usage charges. Northern Natural Gas transports natural gas primarily to local distribution markets and end-users in the Market Area. Northern Natural Gas directly serves 78 utilities, including MidAmerican En ergy,Energy, and in turn, these utilities serve numerous residential, commercial and industrial customers. A majority of Northern Natural Gas' capacity in the Market Area is committed to customers under firm transportation contracts.contracts, where customers pay Northern Natural Gas a monthly reservation charge for the right to transport natural gas through Northern Natural Gas' system. As of December 31, 2010, 94%2011, 58% of Northern Natural Gas' customers' entitlement in the Market Area is contracted beyond 2011, and 53% is contracted beyond 2015. The weighted average remaining contract term for Northern Natural Gas' Market Area firm transportation contracts is approximately fivefour years as of December 31, 2010.2011.


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During 2010,2011, 10% of Northern Natural Gas' transportation and storage revenue was generated from Field Area customer transportation contracts. In the Field Area, customers holding contracted firm transportation capacity, o r entitlement consist primarily of energy marketing companies, producers, midstream gatherers and producers, and power generators. The majority of this entitlement is contracted on a short-term basis, principally by energy marketing companies and producers.basis. Northern Natural Gas expects short-termthe current level of Field Area contracting to continue in the foreseeable future, as Market Area customers presently need to purchase competitively pricedcompetitively-priced supplies from the Field Area to support their growingexisting and growth demand requirements. However, the revenue received from these contracts is expected to vary in relationship to the spreaddifference, or "spread," in natural gas prices between the MidContinent Region and Canada. Additionally, a weaker economyPermian Regions and lower market loads in the upper Midwest markets eastprice of Northern Natural Gas' pipeline system, such as in Chicago and Michigan, create a risk of more Canadian supply being delivered intothe alternative supplies that are available to Northern Natural Gas' Market Area providing competition to Northern Natural Gas' supply from the Field Area.

Northern Natural Gas has interconnections with several interstate pipelines and several intrastate pipelines, with receipt, delivery or bi-directional capabilities. Because of its location and multiple interconnections with interstate and intrastate pipelines, Northern Natural Gas is able to access natural gas from both traditional production areas, such as the Hugoton, Permian and Anadarko Basins, and growing supply areas, such as the Rocky Mountains, through Trailblazer Pipeline Company, Kinder Morgan Interstate Gas Transmission, Cheyenne Plains Pipeline, Colorado Interstate Gas Pipeline Company and Rockies Express Pipeline, LLC, as well as from Canadian production areas through Northern Border Pipeline Company ("Northern Border")During 2011, Great Lakes Gas Transmission Limited Partnership ("Great Lakes") and Viking Gas Transmission Company ("Viking"). This supply diversity provides significant flexibility to Northern Natural Gas' system and customers.
During 2010, 13%11% of Northern Natural Gas' transportation and storage revenue was generated from storage services. Northern Natural Gas' storage services are provided through the operation of one underground natural gas storage field in Iowa, two underground natural gas storage facilities in Kansas and two LNG storage peaking units, one in Iowa and one in Minnesota. The three underground natural gas storage facilities and two LNG storage peaking units have a total firm service and operational storage cycle capacity of 73 Bcf and over 2.0 Bcf of peak day delivery capability. These storage facilities provide Northern Natural Gas with operational flexibility for the daily balancing of itsNorthern Natural Gas' system and provide services to customers to meet their winter peaking and year-round load swing requirements.

Since June 2006, Northern Natural Gas has added 14 Bcf of firm storage cycle capacity through investments and modifications made at its Cunningham, Kansas and Redfield, Iowa storage facilities. This capacity was sold to local distribution companies ("LDC")LDCs for terms of 20-21 years.

Northern Natural Gas' system experiences signifi cantsignificant seasonal swings in demand and revenue, with the highest demand typically occurring during the months of November through March. This seasonality provides Northern Natural Gas with opportunities to deliver additional value-added services, such as firm and interruptible storage services. Northern Natural Gas' supply diversity provides significant flexibility to its system and customers. As a result of Northern Natural Gas' geographic location in the middle of the United States and its many interconnections with other pipelines, Northern Natural Gas has the opportunity to augment its steady end user and LDC revenue by capitalizing on opportunities for shippers to reach additional markets, such as Chicago, Illinois, other parts of the Midwest, and Texas, through interconnects.


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Kern River

Kern River, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of MEHC, owns an interstate natural gas pipeline system that extends from supply areas in the Rocky Mountains to consuming markets in Utah, Nevada and California. Kern River's pipeline system consists of 1,700 miles of natural gas pipelines, including 1,400 miles of mainline section and 300 miles of common facilities, with a de signdesign capacity of 1,900,5752,166,575 Dth per day. Kern River owns the entire mainline section, which extends from the system's point of origination near Opal, Wyoming, through the Central Rocky Mountains area into Daggett, California. The mainline section consists of 1,300 miles of 36-inch diameter pipeline and 100 miles of various laterals that connect to the mainline. The common facilities are jointly owned by Kern River and Mojave Pipeline Company ("Mojave"), a wholly owned subsidiary of El Paso Corporation, as tenants-in-common, and ownership may increase or decrease pursuant to the capital contributions made by each respective joint owner. Kern River has exclusive rights to 1,613,400 Dth per day of the common facilities' capacity, and Mojave has exclusive rights to 414,000 Dth per day of capacity. Operation and maintenance of the common facilities are the responsibility of Mojave Pipeline Operating Company, an affiliate of Mojave. Except for quantities of natural gas owned for operat ional and system balancingoperational purposes, Kern River does not own the natural gas that is transported through its system. Kern River's transportation operations are subject to a regulated tariff that is on file with the FERC. The tariff rates are designed to allowprovide Kern River with an opportunity to recover its costs of providing services and generateearn a regulatedreasonable return on equity.its investments.

Kern River'sRiver has completed two significant expansion projects in the last two years. The 2010 Expansion project was placed in-servicein service in April 2010 after final approval was received from the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration and the FERC. The project added an additional 145,000 Dth per day of capacity. Kern River received approval from the FERC in September 2010 to begin construction of its Apex Expansion project. The project is expected to be placed in-service i n 2011 and will add an incremental 266,000 Dth per day of capacity. The Apex Expansion project was placed in service in October 2011 and added 266,000 Dth per day of capacity.

Over 95% of Kern River's design capacity of 2,166,575 Dth per day is expectedcontracted pursuant to require more than $370 million in capital expenditures through 2011, of which $145 million has been incurred through December 31, 2010.
Kern River has year-round long-term firm natural gas transportation service agreements, for 1,900,575 Dth per day of capacity. Pursuant to these agreements, the pipelinewhereby Kern River receives natural gas on behalf of shipperscustomers at designated receipt points and transports the natural gas on a firm basis up to each shipper's maximum daily quantity and delivers thermally equivalent quantities of natural gas at designated delivery points. Each shipperIn return for this service, each customer pays Kern River the aggregate amount specified in its long-term firm natu ral gas transportation service agreement and Kern River's tariff, with such amount consisting primarily of a fixed monthly reservation fee based on each shipper'scustomer's maximum daily quantity and a commodity charge based on the actual amount of natural gas transported.transported pursuant to its long-term firm natural gas transportation service agreements and Kern River's tariff.


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These year-round, long-term firm natural gas transportation service agreements expire between April 30, 2013 and September 30, 2011 and April 30, 2018,2031 and have a weighted-average remaining contract term of sixeight years. Shippers on the pipelineKern River's customers include electric utilities and natural gas distribution utilities, major oil and natural gas companies or affiliates of such companies, electricity generating companies, energy marketing and trading companies, and financial institutions and natural gas distributioninstitutions. The utilities which provide services in Utah, Nevada and California. As of Decem berDecember 31, 2010, over 98%2011, nearly 85% of the firm capacity under contract has primary delivery points in California, with the flexibility to access secondary delivery points in Nevada and Utah.

Northern Natural Gas and Kern River Competition

PipelinesThe Pipeline Companies compete with other pipelines on the basis of cost, (includingwhich includes both transportation costs and the relative costs of the natural gas they transport),commodity cost and its transportation cost, flexibility, reliability of service and overall customer service. End-users often choose from various alternatives, such as naturalNatural gas electricity,also competes with alternative energy sources, including coal, nuclear energy, wind, geothermal, solar and fuel oil an d coal, primarily on the basis of price.oil. Legislation and governmental regulations, the weather, the futures market, production costs and other factors beyond the control of Northern Natural Gas and Kern Riverthe Pipeline Companies influence the price of the natural gas commodity.

The natural gas industry is undergoing a significant shift in supply sources. Production from conventional sources continues to decline while production from unconventional sources, such as shale gas, is rapidly increasing. This shift will affect the supply patterns, the flows and rates that may be charged on pipeline systems. The impact will vary among pipelines according to the location and the number of competitors attached to these new supply sources.

Electric power generation has been the source of most of the growth in demand for natural gas over the last 10 years, and this trend is expected to continue in the future. The growth of natural gas in this sector is influenced by regulation, competition with other energy sources, primarily coal, and increased consumption of electricity as a result of economic growth. Short-term market shifts have been driven by relative costs of coal-fueled generation versus natural gas-fueled generation. A long-term shift away from the use of coal in power generation could be driven by environmental regulations. The future demand for natural gas could be increased by regulations limiting or discouraging coal use. However, natural gas demand could potentially be adversely affected by laws mandating or encouraging renewable power sources that produce fewer GHG emissions than natural gas.

Northern Natural Gas'The Pipeline Companies' ability to extend existing customer contracts, remarket expiring contracted capacity or market new capacity is dependent on competitive alternatives, the regulatory environment and the market supply and demand factors at the relevant dates these contracts are extendedeligible to be renewed or expire.extended. The duration of new or renegotiated contracts will be affected by current commodity and transportation prices, competitive conditions and customers' judgments concerning future market trends and volatility.

Subject to regulatory requirements, Northern Natural Gas attemptsthe Pipeline Companies attempt to recontract or remarket its capacity at the maximum rates allowed under its tariff,their tariffs, although at times Northern Natural Gas discountsthe Pipeline Companies discount these rates to remain competitive. Northern Natural Gas'The Pipeline Companies' existing contracts mature at various times and in varying amounts of entitlement. Northern Natural Gas continues toThe Pipeline Companies manage itsthe recontracting process to attempt to mitigate the risk of a significant impactsnegative impact on itsoperating revenue.


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Historically, Northern Natural Gas hasthe Pipeline Companies have been able to provide competitively priced services because of its access to a variety of relatively low cost supply basins, its cost control measures and the relatively high level of firm entitlement that is sold on a seasonal and annual basis, which lowers the per unit cost of transportation. To date, Northern Natural Gas hasthe Pipeline Companies have avoided any significant pipeline system bypasses or turn-backand have not experienced any significant non-renewal of firm entitlement.contracts; however, there could be contracts turned back in the future.

Northern Natural Gas' major competitors in the Market Area include ANR Pipeline Company, Northern Border and Natural Gas Pipeline Company of America LLC. Other competitors of Northern Natural Gas include Great Lakes and Viking. In the Field Area, Northern Natural Gas competes with a large number of interstate and intrastate pipeline companies where the vast majority of Northern Natural Gas' capacity is used for transportation services provided on a short-term firm basis.basis, Northern Natural Gas competes with a large number of interstate and intrastate pipeline companies.

With respect to the Field area, Northern Natural Gas believes that the current level of contracting is sustainable to support the firm requirements of Northern Natural Gas' Market Area customers. Generally, the take-away capacity at the Field-Market demarcation point between Northern Natural Gas' Field and Market Areas is fully contracted by Northern Natural Gas' Market Area customers.


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Northern Natural Gas needs to compete aggressively to serve existing load and add new customers and load. Northern Natural Gas has been successful in competing for a significant amount of the increased demand related to residential and commercial needs and the construction of new power plants. The growth related to utilities ishas historically been driven by population growth and increased commercial and industrial needs. T heThe new power plant growth originates from re-powering coal-firedcoal-fueled generation, as well as new combustion and combined-cycle gas-firedgas-fueled generation. The growth also may be supportive of the continued sale of Northern Natural Gas' storage services and Field Area transportation services.

Kern River competes with various interstate pipelines in developing expansion projects and entering into long-term agreements to serve market growth in Southern California; Las Vegas, Nevada; and Salt Lake City, Utah. Kern River also competes with various interstate pipelines and its shipperstheir customers to market unutilized capacity that is unutilized under shorter term transactions. Kern River provides its customers with supply diversity through pipeline interconnections with Northwest Pipeline Corporation, Co loradoColorado Interstate, Overland Trails Pipeline Company, Questar Pipeline Company, and Questar Overthrust Pipeline Company.Company and through indirect pipeline interconnections with Wyoming Interstate Company and REX. These interconnections, in addition to the direct interconnections to natural gas processing facilities, allow Kern River to access natural gas reserves in Colorado, northwestern New Mexico, Wyoming, Utah and the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.

Kern River is the only interstate pipeline that presently delivers natural gas directly from athe Rocky Mountain gas supply basin to end-users in the Southern California market. This enables direct connect customers to avoid paying a "rate stack" (i.e., additional transportation costs attributable to the movement from one or more interstate pipeline systems to an intrastate system within California). Kern River believes that its historic le velizedRiver's levelized rate structure and access to upstream pipelines, storage facilities and economic Rocky Mountain gas reserves increases its competitiveness and attractiveness to end-users. Kern River believes it has an advantage relative to other competing interstate pipelines serving Southern California because its relatively new pipeline can be economically expanded and will requirehas required significantly less capital expenditures and ongoing maintenance than other systems to comply with the Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2002 ("PSIA").2002. Kern River's favorable market position is tied to the availability and relatively favorable price of gas reserves in the Rocky Mountain area, an area that has attracted considerable expansion of pipeline capacity serving markets other than Southern California and Nevada.

During 2010,2011, Northern Natural Gas h adhad three customers, including MidAmerican Energy, that each accounted for greater than 10% of its transportation and storage revenue and its ten largest customers accounted for 62%65% of its system-wide transportation and storage revenue. Northern Natural Gas has agreements to retain the vast majority of its two largest non-affiliated customers' volumes through at least 2017. During 2011, Kern River had one customer who accounted for greater than 10% of its revenue. The loss of any of these significant customers, if not replaced, could have a material adverse effect on Northern Natural Gas' and Kern River'sthe Pipeline Companies' respective businesses.

CE Electric UKNorthern Powergrid Holdings

General

CE Electric UK,Northern Powergrid Holdings, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of MEHC, is a holding company which owns two companies that distribute electricity in Great Britain, Northern ElectricPowergrid (Northeast) Limited and Yorkshire Electricity. Northern Electric and Yorkshire ElectricityPowergrid (Yorkshire) plc. The Distribution Companies serve 3.83.9 million end-users and operate in the north-east of England from North Northumberland through Tyne and Wear, County Durham, Cleveland and Yorkshire to North Lincolnshire, an area covering 10,000 square miles. The principal function of Northern Electric and Yorkshire Electricitythe Distribution Companies is to build, maintain and operate the electricity distribution network through which the end-user receives a supply of electricity. In addition to the Distribution Companies, Northern Electric and Yorkshire Electricity, CE Electric UKPowergrid Holdings also owns an engineering contracting business that provides electrical infrastructure contracting services to third parties and a hydrocarbon exploration and development business that is focused on developing integrated upstream gas projects in Europe and Australia.


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Electricity Distribution

Northern Electric and Yorkshire ElectricityThe Distribution Companies receive electricity from the national grid transmission system and distribute it to end-users' premises using their networks of transformers, switchgear and distribution lines and cables. Substantially all of the end-users in Northern Electric's and Yorkshire Electricity'sthe Distribution Companies' distribution service areas are connected to the Northern Electric and Yorkshire ElectricityDistribution Companies' networks and electricity can only be delivered to these end-users through their distribution systems, thus providing Northern Electric and Yorkshire Electricitythe Distribution Companies with distribution volumes that are relatively stable from year to year. Northern Electric and Yorkshire Electricity eachThe Distribution Companies charge fees for the use of their distribution systems to the suppliers of electricity. The suppliers purchase elec tricityelectricity from generators, sell the electricity to end-user customers and use Northern Electric's and Yorkshire Electricity'sthe Distribution Companies' distribution networks pursuant to an industry standard "Distribution Connection and Use of System Agreement." One supplier, RWE Npower PLC and certain of its affiliates, represented 30%29% of the total combined distribution revenue of Northern Electric and Yorkshire Electricitythe Distribution Companies during 2010.2011.

The service territory geographically features a diverse economy with no dominant sector. The mix of rural, agricultural, urban and industrial areas covers a broad customer base ranging from domestic usage through farming and retail to major industry including automotives, chemicals, mining, steelmaking and offshore marine construction. The industry within the a reaarea is concentrated around the principal centers of Newcastle, Middlesbrough, Sheffield and Leeds.

The price controlled revenue of the regulated distribution companies areis set out in the special conditions of the licenses of those companies. The licenses are enforced by the regulator, the Gas and Electricity Markets Authority through its office of gas and electric markets (known as "Ofgem") and limit increases (or may require decreases) based upon the rate of inflation, other specified factors and other regulatory action. Changes to the price controls can be made only by agreement between a distribution company and the regulator or, if there is no agreement, following a report on a reference by the regulator to the Competition Commission. It has been the convention i nin the United Kingdom for regulators to conduct periodic regulatory reviews before making proposals for any changes to the price controls. The price controls have conventionally been based upon a 5-yearcurrent electricity distribution price control period. The current price control period commencedbecame effective April 1, 2010 and willis expected to continue through March 31, 2015. Ofgem has indicated that future price controls are likely to be replaced byset for a new price control commencing April 1, 2015.period of eight or nine years, with the potential for a mid-period review if the outputs required of a licensee have changed.

ElectricityGWh and percentages of electricity distributed to end-users and the total number of end-users as of and for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
 2010 2009 2008
Electricity distributed (in GWh):     
Northern Electric15,859 15,567 16,563
Yorkshire Electricity23,094 22,642 24,047
 38,953 38,209 40,610
Number of end-users (in millions):     
Northern Electric1.6 1.6 1.6
Yorkshire Electricity2.2 2.2 2.2
 3.8 3.8 3.8
 2011 2010 2009
            
Northern Powergrid (Northeast) Limited:           
Residential5,437 35% 5,764 36% 5,610 36%
Commercial2,476 16
 2,614 17
 2,586 17
Industrial7,174 47
 7,206 45
 7,103 46
Other269 2
 275 2
 268 1
 15,356 100% 15,859 100% 15,567 100%
            
Northern Powergrid (Yorkshire) plc:           
Residential7,885 35% 8,250 36% 8,153 36%
Commercial3,475 15
 3,585 16
 3,611 16
Industrial10,948 48
 10,938 47
 10,570 47
Other317 2
 321 1
 308 1
 22,625 100% 23,094 100% 22,642 100%
            
Total electricity distributed37,981   38,953   38,209  
            
Number of end-users (in millions):           
Northern Powergrid (Northeast) Limited1.6   1.6   1.6  
Northern Powergrid (Yorkshire) plc2.3   2.2   2.2  
 3.9   3.8   3.8  

As of December 31, 2010, Northern Electric's and Yorkshire Electricity's2011, the Distribution Companies' combined electricity distribution network on a combined basis, included 18,000 miles of overhead lines, 40,000 miles of underground cables and 700 major substations.
CalEnergy Philippines
The CalEnergy Philippines platform consists of MEHC's indirect majority ownership of the Casecnan project, which is a 150 MW combined irrigation and hydroelectric independent power project located on the Casecnan and Taan Rivers on the Philippine island of Luzon. The Company's net owned capacity for the Casecnan project is 128 MW.
The Casecnan project's sole customer is the Republic of the Philippines ("ROP"). The ROP has provided a performance undertaking under which the Philippine National Irrigation Administration's ("NIA") obligations under the Casecnan Project Agreement, as modified ("Project Agreement"), are guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the ROP. NIA also pays CE Casecnan Water and Energy Company, Inc. ("CE Casecnan") for delivery of water and electricity by CE Casecnan. The Casecnan project carries political risk insurance.

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Under the terms of the Project Agreement, CE Casecnan will own and operate the project for a 20-year cooperation period which ends December 11, 2021, after which ownership and operation of the project will be transferred to NIA at no cost on an "as-is" basis. The Casecnan project is dependent upon sufficient rainfall to generate electricity and deliver water. Rainfall varies within the year and from year to year, which is outside the control of CE Casecnan, and impacts the amount of electricity generated and water delivered by the Casecnan project. Rainfall has historically been highest from June through December and lowest from January through May. The contractual terms for variable water delivery fees and variable energy fees can produce variability in revenue between reporting periods. NIA's payment obligation under the project agreement is substantially denominated in United States dollars and is the Casecnan project's sole source of operating revenue.
MidAmerican Renewables
CalEnergy U.S.
The subsidiaries comprising the Company's CalEnergy U.S. platformMidAmerican Renewables reportable segment own interests in 15 independent power projects in the United States.States and one independent power project in the Philippines. The following table presents certain information concerning CalEnergy U.S.'s ownedthese independent power projects as of December 31, 2010:2011:
  Facility          
  Net or Net     Power  
  Contract Owned     Purchase 
 
Operating Capacity Capacity Energy   Agreement Power
Project 
(MW)(1)
 
(MW)(1)
 Source Location Expiration 
Purchaser(2)
             
CE Generation(3):
            
Natural-Gas Fired:            
Saranac 240 90 Natural Gas New York 2011 Shell
Power Resources 212 106 Natural Gas Texas 2012 EDF
Yuma 50 25 Natural Gas Arizona 2024 SDG&E
Total Natural-Gas Fired 502 221        
Imperial Valley Projects 327 164 Geothermal California (4) (4)
Total CE Generation 829 385        
Cordova 537 537 Natural Gas Illinois 2019 CECG
Wailuku 10 5 Hydroelectric Hawaii 2023 HELCO
Total CalEnergy U.S. 1,376 927        
            Facility  
        Power   Net or Net
        Purchase   Contract Owned
    Energy   Agreement Power Capacity Capacity
  Location Source Installed Expiration 
Purchaser(1)
 
(MW)(2)
 
(MW)(2)
NATURAL GAS:              
Saranac New York Natural Gas 1994 2013 EDF 240
 90
Power Resources Texas Natural Gas 1988 2012 EDF 212
 106
Yuma Arizona Natural Gas 1994 2024 SDG&E 50
 25
Cordova Illinois Natural Gas 2001 2019 CECG 537
 537
            1,039
 758
               
GEOTHERMAL:              
Imperial Valley Projects California Geothermal 1982-2000 (3) (3) 327
 164
               
HYDROELECTRIC:              
Casecnan Project(4)
 Philippines Hydroelectric 2001 2021 NIA 150
 128
Wailuku Hawaii Hydroelectric 1993 2023 HELCO 10
 5
            160
 133
               
Total Available Generating Capacity           1,526
 1,055

(1)Facility Net or Contract Capacity represents total plant accredited net generating capacity from the summer of 2010 as approved by MAPP for Cordova and contract capacity for most other projects. Net Owned Capacity indicates CalEnergy U.S.'s ownership of the Facility Net or Contract Capacity.
(2)    Shell Energy North America (US) L.P. ("Shell"); EDF Trading North America LLC ("EDF"); San Diego Gas & Electric Company ("SDG&E"); Constellation Energy Commodities Group, Inc. ("CECG"); the Philippine National Irrigation Administration ("NIA"); and Hawaii Electric Light Company, Inc. ("HELCO").
(3)    (2)MEHC has a 50%Facility Net or Contract Capacity represents total plant accredited net generating capacity from the summer of 2011 as approved by MAPP for Cordova and contract capacity for most other projects. Net Owned Capacity indicates the Company's ownership interest in CE Generation, LLC ("CE Generation") whose subsidiaries currently operate ten geothermal independent power projects inof the Imperial Valley of California ("Imperial Valley Projects") and three natural gas-fired independent power proejcts.Facility Net or Contract Capacity.
(4)    (3)82% of the Company's interests in the Imperial Valley Projects' Contract Capacity are sold to Southern California Edison Company under long-term power purchase agreements expiring in 2016 through 2026.

(4)Under the terms of the agreement with the NIA, the Company will own and operate the Casecnan project for a 20-year cooperation period which ends December 11, 2021, after which ownership and operation of the project will be transferred to the NIA at no cost on an "as-is" basis. NIA also pays the Company for delivery of water pursuant to the agreement.

In January 2012, MEHC, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired Topaz and its 550-MW Topaz Project in California from a subsidiary of First Solar, Inc. ("First Solar"). The Topaz Project is expected to cost approximately $2.44 billion, including all interest during construction, and will be completed in 22 blocks with an aggregate tested capacity of 586 MW. The Topaz Project expects to place 45 MW in service in 2012, 236 MW in service in 2013, 252 MW in service in 2014 and 53 MW in service in 2015. The Topaz Project is being constructed pursuant to a fixed price, date certain, turn-key engineering procurement and construction contract with a subsidiary of First Solar. Topaz will sell all the electricity, renewable energy credits and other environmental attributes produced by the project to Pacific Gas and Electric Company ("PG&E") pursuant to a 25 year power purchase agreement. A subsidiary of First Solar will operate and maintain the project under a 25 year, fixed-fee operating and maintenance agreement.


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In January 2012, MEHC, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired from NRG Energy, Inc. a 49 percent interest in Agua Caliente Solar, LLC ("Agua Caliente"), the owner of a 290-MW solar project (the "Agua Caliente Project") in Arizona. The Agua Caliente Project is expected to cost approximately $1.8 billion and will be completed in 12 blocks with an aggregate tested capacity of 310 MW. The first 30-MW block of the Agua Caliente Project was placed in service in January 2012 and the Agua Caliente Project expects to place 112 additional MW in service in 2012, 136 MW in service in 2013 and 32 MW in service in 2014. The project is being constructed pursuant to a fixed price, date certain, turn-key engineering, procurement and construction contract with a subsidiary of First Solar. Agua Caliente will sell all the electricity, renewable energy credits and other environmental attributes produced by the project to PG&E pursuant to a 25 year power purchase agreement. A subsidiary of First Solar will operate and maintain the project under a 25 year, fixed-fee operating and maintenance agreement.

In December 2011, MEHC, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, signed definitive agreements to acquire the 81-MW Bishop Hill II wind-powered generation project (the "Bishop Hill II Project") in Illinois. The Bishop Hill II Project is expected to be placed in service in 2012. Once completed, the Bishop Hill II Project will sell all of its generation to Ameren Illinois Company pursuant to a 20-year power purchase agreement. Subject to certain closing conditions, the acquisition is expected to close in March 2012.

HomeServices

HomeServices, a majority-owned subsidiary of MEHC, is the second largest full-service residential real estate brokerage firm in the United States. In addition to providing traditional residential real estate brokerage services, HomeServices offers other integrated real estate services, including mortgage originations through a joint venture; title and closing services; property and casualty insurance; home warranties; relocation services; and other home-related services. HomeServices' real estate brokerage business is subject to seasonal fluctuations because more home sale transactions tend to close during the second and third quarters of the year. As a result, HomeServices' operating results and profitability are typically higher in the second and third quarters relative to the remainder of the year. HomeSe rvicesHomeServices currently operates in nearly 300 brokerbrokerage offices in 20 states with over 15,00014,000 sales associates under 22 brand names. The United States residential real estate brokerage business is subject to the general real estate market conditions, is highly competitive and consists of numerous local brokers and agents in each market seeking to represent sellers and buyers in residential real estate transactions.


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Other Investments

Electric Transmission Joint Ventures

In December 2007, approval was received from the Public Utility Commission of Texas ("PUCT") to establish Electric Transmission Texas, LLC ("ETT"),ETT, a company owned equally by subsidiaries of American Electric Power Company, Inc. ("AEP") and MEHC, to own and operate electric transmission assets in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas ("ERCOT")ERCOT footprint. The PUCT order also approved initial rates based on a 9.96% after tax rate of return o non equity and a debt to equity capital structure of 60:40. In January 2009, the PUCT voted to assignPresently, ETT has approximately $800 million of transmission investment in support$1.5 billion of Competitive Renewable Energy Zones ("CREZ") to ETT. Presently, ETT has approximately $1.3 billion of potential CREZ projects which, if approved, are forecast for completion between 2012 and 2013. Additionally, AEP subsidiaries have transferred to ETT the obligation to build approximately $1.9$1.7 billion of transmission projects within ERCOT which, if approved, are forecast for completion between 2012 and 2021. Through December 31, 2011, $1.1 billion has been spent, of which $617 million has been placed in service. ETT's transmission system included 445 miles of transmission lines and 2020.19 substations as of December 31, 2011.

Electric Transmission America, LLC ("ETA"), is a company owned equally by subsidiaries of AEP and MEHC to pursue transmission opportunities outside of ERCOT. During the second quarter of 2008, ETA formedhas a joint venturesventure with Westar Energy, Inc. ("Prairie Wind Transmission, LLC") and a subsidiary of OGE Energy Corp. ("Tallgrass Transmission, LLC") to build and own new electric transmission assets within the SPP. The Prairie Wind Transmission, LLC transmission project ("Prairie Wind Project") includes approximately 110 miles of extra-high voltage transmission in Kansas while the Tallgrass Transmission, LLC transmission project ("Tallgrass Project") includes approximately 170 miles of extra-high voltageis expected to begin construction in Oklahoma. In December 2008, both projects2012 and has received the necessary approvals from the FERC, including a return on equity, inclusive of incentives, of 12.8%. The final voltage determination byETA also has interests in other transmission projects currently in development in the SPP, for the Prairie Wind ProjectMISO and the Tallgrass Project is anticipated to occur in early 2011. The completion of the Prairie Wind Project is subject to obtaining final SPP and FERC approvals for transfer from Westar Energy, Inc. to Prairie Wind Transmission, LLC. Completion of the Tallgrass Project is subject to final SPP approval to construct a 765-kilovolt transmission project, along with transfer to Tallgrass Transmission, LLC.PJM Interconnection.
In April 2010, the SPP initially approved three additional 345-kilovolt transmission projects, which align with the Prairie Wind Project and the Tallgrass Project. Through its joint venture with ETA, Westar Energy, Inc. has agreed to construct a double-circuit 345-kilovolt transmission project totaling $224 million based on 104 miles versus the original route estimate of 75 miles.

Natural Gas Storage Joint Venture

In January 2011, approval was received from the Regulatory Commission of Alaska ("RCA") authorizing Cook Inlet Natural Gas Storage Alaska, LLC ("CINGSA"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Alaska Storage Holdings Company, LLC ("ASHC"), to own, construct and operate an underground natural gas storage facility in south central Alaska. ASHC is owned 70%65% by ENSTAR Natural Gas Company, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of SEMCO ENERGY, Inc, and 30%Inc., 26.5% by Alaska Gas Transmission Company, LLC, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of MEHC.MEHC and 8.5% by other minority partners. CINGSA's gas storage facility will include a natural gas reservoir, five injection/withdrawal wells and associated piping allowing for an initial working gas capacity of 11 ;BcfBcf and the ability to deliver gas up to 0.15 Bcf per day. The facility is expected to be in-service by the summer of 2012 at an estimated cost of $180 million. The RCA order also approved the inception rates and terms of service. CINGSA has contracted to provide service to four customers for 20 years.

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These investments are accounted for under the equity method.



Employees

As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Company had approximately 15,800 employees, of which approximately 7,2007,300 are covered by union contracts. The majority of the union employees are employed by PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy (the "Utilities")the Utilities and are represented by the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, the Utility Workers Union of America, the International Brotherhood of Boilermakers and the United Mine Workers of America. These collective bargaining agreements have expiration dates ranging through September 2013.2018. HomeServices' sales associates are independent contractors and not employees.


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General Regulation

MEHC's subsidiaries are subject to comprehensive governmental regulation, which significantly influences their operating environment, prices charged to customers, capital structure, costs and their ability to recover costs. In addition to the following discussion, refer to "Liquidity and Capital Resources""Regulatory Matters" in Item 7 and Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Domestic Regulated Public Utility Subsidiaries

The Utilities are subject to comprehensive regulation by various federal, state and local agencies. The more significant aspects of this regulatory framework are described below.

State Re gulationRegulation

Historically, state regulatory commissions have established retail electric and natural gas rates on a cost-of-service basis, which are designed to allow a utility an opportunity to recover itswhat state regulatory commissions deem to be the utility's reasonable costs of providing services, andincluding a fair opportunity to earn a reasonable return on its investments. A utility's cost of service generally reflects its allowed operating expenses, including cost of sales,sales; operation and maintenance expense,expense; depreciation expenseexpense; and income and other tax expense, reduced by wholesale electricity sales and other revenue. The allowed operating expenses are typically based on estimates of normalized costs, which may differ from realized costs in a given year covered by the established rates. State regulatory commissions may adjust rates pursuant to a review of (a) the utility's revenue and expenses during a defined test period, and (b) the utility's level of investment.investment, or (c) for other reasons. State regulatory commissions typically have the authority to review and change rates on their own initiative; however, they may also initiate reviews at the request of a utility, utility customer, a governmental agency or a representative of a group of customers. The utility and such parties, however, may agree with one another not to request a review of or changes to rates for a specified period of time.

The retail electric rates of the Utilities are generally based on the cost of providing traditional bundled services, including generation, transmission and distribution services. Historically, the state regulatory framework in the service areas o f the Utilities' systems reflect specified net power costs as part of bundled rates or incorporated netPacifiCorp has established power cost adjustment clauses in the utility's ratesmechanisms and tariffs. In states where net power cost adjustment clauses exist, permitted periodic adjustments toother cost recovery from customers provide protection to the Utilities againstmechanisms in certain states, which helps mitigate its exposure to changes in net power costs.costs from those assumed in establishing base rates. As discussed below, MidAmerican Energy is seeking approval from the IUB to implement two adjustment clauses to recover certain anticipated increases in retail coal and coal transportation costs and environmental control expenditures.

Except for Oregon, Washington and Illinois, the Utilities have an exclusive right to serve retail customers within their service territories, and in turn, have an obligation to provide service to those customers. Under Oregon law, PacifiCorp has the exclusive right and obligation to provide electricity distribution services to all customers within its allocated service territory; however, nonresident ialnonresidential customers have the right to choose alternative electricity service suppliers. The impact of these programsthis right on the Company's consolidated financial results has not been material. In Washington, state law does not provide for exclusive service territory allocation. PacifiCorp's service territory in Washington is surrounded by other public utilities with whom PacifiCorp has from time to time entered into service area agreements under the jurisdiction of the WUTC. In Illinois, state law has established a competitive environment so that all Illinois customers are free to choose their service supplier. MidAmerican Energy has an obligation to serve customers at regulated cost-based rates that leave MidAmerican Energy's system, but later choose to return.return, as well as a continuing obligation to serve customers who have not selected a competitive electricity provider. To date, there has been no significant loss of customers in Illinois.


2522



PacifiCorp

In addition to recovery through retailbase rates, PacifiCorp also achieves recovery of certain costs through various adjustment mechanisms as summarized below.
State Regulator Base Rate Test Period Adjustment Mechanism
Utah Public Service Commission ("UPSC")UPSC 
Forecasted or historical with known and measurable changes(1)
 
PacifiCorp has requested approvalEBA under which 70% of an energy cost adjustment mechanism ("ECAM") to recover the difference between base net power costs set during a general rate case and actual net power costs.
costs is deferred and reflected in future rates.
     
    ABalancing account to provide for the recovery or refund of the difference between the level of REC revenues included in base rates and actual REC revenues.
Recovery mechanism is available for a single capital investment projectinvestments that in total exceedsexceed 1% of existing rate base when a general rate case has occurred within the preceding 18 months.
     
Oregon Public Utility Commission ("OPUC")OPUC Forecasted Annual transition adjustment mechanism ("TAM")TAM based on forecasted net variable power costs; no true-up to actual net variable power costs.
     
    Renewable adjustment clauseAdjustment Clause to recover the revenue requirement of new renewable resources and associated transmission that are not reflected in general rates.
     
    Annual true-upBalancing account to provide for the refund of taxes authorized to be collected in rates compared to taxes paid by PacifiCorp, as defined by Oregon statute and administrative rules under Oregon Senate Bill 408 ("SB 408").actual REC revenues.
     
Wyoming Public Service Commission ("WPSC")WPSC
Forecasted or historical with known and measurable changes(1)
 ECAM under which 70% of anythe difference between actual and forecastedbase net power costs established inset during a general rate case would be subject to the ECAM mechanism between general rate cases.and actual net power costs is deferred and reflected in future rates.
     
Washington UtilitiesREC and Transportation Commission ("WUTC")sulfur dioxide revenue adjustment mechanism to provide for recovery or refund of 100% of any difference between actual REC and sulfur dioxide revenues and the level forecasted in base rates.
WUTC Historical with known and measurable changes Deferral mechanism of costs for up to 24 months of new base load generation resources and eligible renewable resources and related transmission that qualify under the state's emissions performance standard and are not reflected in generalbase rates.
     
Idaho Public Utilities Commission ("IPUC")REC revenue tracking mechanism to provide for the refund of Washington-allocated REC revenues.
IPUC Historical with known and measurable changes ECAM to recoverunder which 90% of the difference between base net power costs set during a general rate case and actual net power costs subject to customer sharingis deferred and other adjustments.reflected in future rates. Also provides for recovery or refund of 100% of the difference between the level of REC and sulfur dioxide revenues included in base rates and actual REC and sulfur dioxide revenues.
     
California Public Utilities Commission ("CPUC")CPUC Forecasted Post test-year adjustment mechanismPTAM for major capital additions that allows for rate adjustments outside of the context of a traditional general rate case for the revenue requirement associated with capital additions exceeding $50 million on a total-company basis. Filed as eligible capital additions are placed into service.
     
    Energy cost adjustment clauseCost Adjustment Clause that allows for an annual update forto actual and forecasted and a true-up for prior year's net variable power costs.
     
    Post test-year adjustment mechanismPTAM for attrition, a mechanism that allows for an annual adjustment to costs other than net variable power costs.

(1)PacifiCorp has relied on both historical test periods with known and measurable adjustments, as well as forecasted test periods.

Generally, PacifiCorp's DSM program costs are collected through separately established rates that are adjusted periodically based on actual and expected costs, as approved by the respective state regulatory commission. As such, recovery of DSM program costs hasactivities have no impact on net income.
    

2623



MidAmerican Energy

Iowa law permits rate-regulated utilities to seek ratemaking principles with the IUB prior to the construction of certain types of new generating facilities. Pursuant to this law, MidAmerican Energy has applied for and obtained IUB ratemaking principles orders for 484 MW of coal-fueled generation, 495 MW of combined cycle natural gas-fueled generation and 1,878 MW (nominal ratings) of wind-powered generation in service at December 31, 2011. The related ratemaking principles approved by the IUB have authorized, upon the establishment of new Iowa electric base rates, a fixed rate of return on equity for the generating facilities covered by each settlement agreement with interested parties, including the OCA, over the regulatory life of those facilities. As of December 31, 2011, $3.3 billion, or 42%, of property, plant and equipment, net, was subject to the agreements at a weighted average return on equity of 12.0%. Additionally, MidAmerican Energy is constructing 407 MW (nominal ratings) of wind-powered generating facilities to be placed in service in 2012 subject to an existing ratemaking principles order authorizing a fixed rate of return on equity of 12.2%. That order, which also applies to 594 MW (nominal ratings) placed in service in 2011, was appealed by an intervenor and is currently pending before the Iowa Supreme Court. Many of the IUB orders approved settlement agreements that also provided for sharing with customers revenues associated with Iowa retail electric returns on equity in excess of 11.75% and for rate freezes into the future. Under a 2009 settlement agreement, MidAmerican Energy was allowed to record revenue sharing to increase its 2011 returns on equity to 10% for the wind-powered generating facilities placed in service in 2011.

The IUB has approved over the past several years a series of electric settlement agreements between MidAmerican Energy, the Iowa Office of Consumer Advocate ("OCA")OCA and other intervenors under which MidAmerican Energy has agreed not to seek a general increase in electric base rates to become effective prior to January 1, 2014. However, if MidAmerican Energy's Iowa jurisdictional return on equity fallsfell below 10% for 2011 or iswas projected to fall below 10% for 2013, then MidAmerican Energy maywas permitted to seek a general increase in electric base rates to become effective in 2012 or 2013, respectively. Prior to filing for a general increase in electric rates, MidAmerican Energy is required to conduct 30 days of good faith negotiations with the signatories to the settlement agreements to attempt to avoid a general increase in rates. As a party to the settlement agreements, the OCA has agreed not to request or support any decrease i nin MidAmerican Energy's Iowa electric base rates to become effective prior to January 1, 2014. The settlement agreements specifically allowallowed the IUB to approve or order electric rate design or cost-of-servicecost of service rate changes that could resulthave resulted in changes to rates for specific customers as long as such changes dodid not result in an overall increase in revenue for MidAmerican Energy. Additionally,

MidAmerican Energy's actual Iowa jurisdictional return on equity for 2011 was below 10%. Accordingly, on February 21, 2012, MidAmerican Energy filed an application with the IUB for an interim and final increase in Iowa retail electric rates in the form of two adjustment clauses to be added to customers' bills. The requested adjustment clauses and a modification to current revenue sharing provisions are consistent with a November 2011 settlement agreements also each provide thatagreement between MidAmerican Energy and the OCA, in which the parties agree to support the proposed changes. The adjustment clauses would recover anticipated increases in retail coal and coal transportation costs and environmental control expenditures subject to an aggregate maximum of $39 million, or 3.4%, for 2012 and an additional $37 million for an aggregate maximum of $76 million for 2013, or a 3.2% increase from 2012. The requested modification to the existing revenue sharing provisions provides for MidAmerican Energy to share with its customers 20% of revenue associated with Iowa retail electric returns on equity within specified ranges will be shared with customers. The following table summarizes the ranges of Iowa electric returns on equity subject to revenue sharing under each of the remaining settlement agreements, the percent of revenue within those ranges to be assigned to customers,between 10% and the method by which the liability to customers will be settled.
Range of
Iowa ElectricCustomers'
Return onShare of
Date ApprovedYearsEquity SubjectRevenueMethod to be Used to
by the IUBCoveredto SharingWithin Range
Settle Liability to Customers(1)
October 17, 20032006 - 201011.75% - 13%40%Credits against the cost of new generating facilities in Iowa
13% - 14%10.5%, 50%
Above 14%83.3%
January 31, 20052011SameSameCredits to customer bills in 2012
April 18, 20062012SameSameCredits to customer bills in 2013
July 27, 2007(2), June 16, 2008, August 27, 2008, December 14, 2009
2013SameSameCredits against the cost of wind-powered generation projects covered by this agreement
(1)    Total property, plant and equipment, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets includes revenue sharing credits, net of related amortization, of $316 million and $322 million as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
(2)    If a rate case is filed pursuant to the 10% threshold, as discussed above, the revenue sharing arrangement for 2013 is changed such that the amount to be shared with customers will be 83.3% of revenue associated with Iowa electric operating income in excess of returns on equity allowed by the IUB as a result of the rate case.
Iowa law permits rate-regulated utilities to seek ratemaking principles with the IUB prior to the construction of new generating facilities. MidAmerican Energy has ratemaking principles approved by the IUB for a number of generating facilities, the first of which was completed in 2002. The related ratemaking principles approved by the IUB have authorized, upon the establishment of new Iowa el ectric base rates, a fixed rate of return on equity for the generating facilities covered by each agreement over the regulatory life of those facilities. The settlement agreement approved in December 2009 authorizes, subject to conditions, the construction of up to 1,001 MW (nominal ratings) of new wind-powered generating facilities in Iowa by December 31, 2012. Wind-powered generation projects under this agreement are authorized to earn 12.2% return on equity in any future Iowa rate proceeding. MidAmerican Energy has signed contracts to construct 593 MW of wind-powered generating facilities to be placed into service in 2011 that are subject to this agreement. Additionally, under this agreement, if prior to MidAmerican Energy requesting new Iowa electric base rates, the Iowa electric returns on equity fall below 10% in the years 2011-2012, MidAmerican Energy will be allowed to recordbetween 10.5% and 11.75%, 75% of revenue sharing to increase to 10% theassociated with Iowa electric returns on equity for the wind-powered generating facilities covered by that agreement.between 11.75% and 13.0% and 83.3% of revenue associated with Iowa electric returns on equity above 13.0%. Such shared amounts would increasereduce MidAmerican Energy's investment in the related plant balances. As of December 31, 2010, $2.5 billion of property, plant and equipment, net was subjectWalter Scott, Jr. Energy Center Unit 4. There would be no revenue sharing for Iowa electric returns on equity below 10%. Pursuant to the agreements at a weighted average return on equity of 11.9%.settlement agreement, MidAmerican Energy is not precluded from seeking interim rate relief in 2013.


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MidAmerican Energy is exposed to fluctuations in electric energy costs relating to retail sales in Iowa and Illinois as it does not have energy cost adjustment mechanisms through which fluctuations in electric energy cost scosts can be recovered in those jurisdictions. Upon implementation of the adjustment clauses, subject to the aggregate maximums, discussed above, MidAmerican Energy may notwill be able to mitigate a portion of its exposure to fluctuating electric energy costs in Iowa. Beginning November 2011, MidAmerican Energy is allowed to petition for implementation of a fuel adjustment clause in Illinois until November 2011.Illinois. MidAmerican Energy's cost of gas is collected for each jurisdiction in its gas rates through a uniform PGA, which is updated monthly to reflect changes in actual costs. Subject to prudence reviews, the PGA accomplishes a pass-through of MidAmerican Energy's cost of gas to its customers and, accordingly, has no direct effect on net income. MidAmerican Energy's DSM program costs are collected through separately established rates that are adjusted annually based on actual and expected costs, as approved by the respective state regulatory commission. As such, recovery of DSM program costs has no impact on net income.

MidAmerican Energy has begun preliminary investigation into possible development of a nuclear generation facility. In support of such investigatory activities, Iowa law authorizes recovery of approximately $15 million over three years beginning in October 2010 from MidAmerican Energy's Iowa customers for the cost of this effort, subject to the review of the IUB. MidAmerican Energy has not entered into any material commitments with regard to nuclear facility development.


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Federal Regulation

The FERC is an independent agency with broad authority to implement provisions of the Federal Power Act, the Natural Gas Act ("NGA"), the Energy Policy Act of 2005 ("Energy Policy Act") and other federal statutes. The FERC regulates rates for wholesale sales of electricity; transmission of electricity, including pricing and regional planning for the expansion of transmission systems; electric system reliability; utility holding companies; accounting; securities issuances; and other matters, including construction and operation of hydroelectric facilities. The FERC also has the enforcement authority to assess civil penalties of up to $1 million per day per violation of rules, regulations and orders issued under the Federal Power Act. The Utili tiesUtilities have implemented programs that facilitate compliance with the FERC regulations described below, including having instituted compliance monitoring procedures. MidAmerican Energy is also subject to regulation by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission ("NRC")NRC pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended ("Atomic Energy Act"), with respect to its ownership of Quad Cities Station.

Wholesale Electricity and Capacity

The FERC regulates the Utilities' rates charged to wholesale custome rscustomers for electricity and transmission capacity and related services. Most of the Utilities' wholesale electricity sales and purchases take placeoccur under market-based pricing allowed by the FERC and are therefore subject to market volatility.

The Utilities are currently authorized by the FERC conductsto sell electricity in wholesale electricity markets at market-based rates and are subject to triennial reviews ofconducted by the Utilities' market-based pricing authority. Each utilityFERC. During such reviews, the Utilities each must demonstrate thea lack of market power in order to charge market-based rates forover sales of wholesale electricity and electric generation capacity in their respective market areas. PacifiCorp's most recent triennial filing was made in June 20102010. In June 2011, the FERC issued an order finding that PacifiCorp's submittals satisfied the FERC's requirements for market-based rate authority. MidAmerican Energy's most recent triennial filings were submitted in June 2011 for the FERC-defined Northeast Region and November 2011 for the FERC-defined Central Region. In February 2012, the FERC issued an order finding that MidAmerican Energy's June 2011 submittal satisfied the FERC's requirements for market-based rate authority. The November 2011 submission is currently pending before the FERC, while its next triennial filing i s due in June 2013. MidAmerican Energy's next triennial filings are due in June and December 2011.FERC. Under the FERC's market-based rules, the Utilities must also file with the FERC a notice of change in status when there is a significant change in the conditions that the FERC relied upon in granting market-based pricing authority. The Utilities are currently authorized to sell electricity on the wholesale market at market-based rates.

Transmission

PacifiCorp's wholesale transmission services are regulated by the FERC under cost-based regulation subject to PacifiCorp's Open Access Transmission Tariff ("OATT"). These services are offered on a non-discriminatory basis, which means that all potential customers are provided an equal opportunity to access the transmission system. PacifiCorp's transmission business is managed and operated independently from its commercial and tradingwholesale marketing business in accordance with the FERC's rules.Standards of Conduct. PacifiCorp has made several required compliance filings in accordance with these rules.

In December 2011, PacifiCorp adopted a cost-based formula rate under its OATT for its transmission services. Cost-based formula rates are intended to be an effective means of recovering PacifiCorp's investments and associated costs of its transmission system without the need to file rate cases with the FERC, although the rates are subject to legal challenges at the FERC. A significant portion of these services are provided to PacifiCorp's commercial and trading function.

Effective September 1, 2009, MidAmerican Energy turned over functional control of its transmission system to the MISO as a transmission-owning member, as approved by the FERC, and no longer offersFERC. Accordingly, the MISO is now the transmission services.provider under its FERC-approved OATT. While the MISO is respon sibleresponsible for directing the operation of MidAmerican Energy's transmission system, MidAmerican Energy retains ownership of its transmission assets and, accordingly,therefore, is subject to the FERC's reliability standards discussed below. The UtilitiesMidAmerican Energy's transmission business is managed and operated independently from its wholesale marketing business in accordance with the FERC Standards of Conduct.


28


The FERC has approvedestablished an extensive number of r eliabilityreliability standards developed by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation ("NERC") and the WECC, including critical infrastructure protection standards and regional standard variations. The Utilities must comply with all applicable standards. Compliance, enforcement and monitoring oversight of these standards is carried out by the FERC, the NERC and WECC for PacifiCorp and the Midwest Reliability Organization ("MRO") for MidAmerican Energy. In 2007, the WECC audited PacifiCorp's compliance with several of the approved reliability standards, and in November 2008, the FERC assumed control of certain aspects of the WECC's audit. In May 2009, PacifiCorp received a notice of alleged violation and proposed sanctions related to the portionsThe aspects of the WECC's 2007 audit that remained withnot under the WECC. InFERC's authority are closed as a result of PacifiCorp's July 2009 PacifiCorp reached a settlement with the WECC. The results of the settlementWECC, which did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial results.


25



Hydroelectric Relicensing

PacifiCorp's Klamath River hydroelectric system is the only significant hydroelectric generating facilitysystem for which PacifiCorp is currently engaged in the relicensing process with the FERC. PacifiCorp also has requested the FERC to allow decommissioning of certain hydroelectric systems. Most of PacifiCorp's hydroelectric generating facilities are licensed by the FERC as major systems under the Federal Power Act, and certain of these systems are licensed under the Oregon Hydroelectric Act. Refer to Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for an update regarding hydroelectric relicensing for PacifiCorp's Klamath River hydroelectric system.

Nuclear Regulatory Commission

MidAmerican Energy is subject to the jurisdiction of the NRC with respect to its license and 25% ownership interest in Quad Cities Station. Exelon Generation, the operator and 75% owner of Quad Cities Station, is under contract with MidAmerican Energy to secur esecure and keep in effect all necessary NRC licenses and authorizations.

The NRC regulates the granting of permits and licenses for the construction and operation of nuclear generating stations and regularly inspects such stations for compliance with applicable laws, regulations and license terms. Current licenses for Quad Cities Station provide for operation until December 14, 2032. The NRC review and regulatory process covers, among other things, operations, maintenance, and environmental and radiological aspects of such stations. The NRC may modify, suspend or revoke licenses and impose civil penalties for failure to comply with the Atomic Energy Act, the regulations under such Act or the terms of such licenses. Following the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan that severely damaged the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear generating facility, the NRC launched a review of the incident to determine any issues that may be applicable to the nuclear industry in the United States. The impact of the NRC's review cannot be predicted but could result in higher operations and maintenance expense, higher capital costs or extended outages at Quad Cities Station.

Federal regulations provide that any nuclear operating facility may be required to cease operation if the NRC determines there are deficiencies in state, local or utility emergency preparedness plans relating to such facility, and the deficiencies are not corrected. Exelon Generation has advised MidAmerican Energy that an emergency preparedness plan for Quad Cities Station has been approved by the NRC. Exelon Generation has also advised MidAmerican Energy that state and local plans relating to Quad Cities Station have been approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

M idAmericanMidAmerican Energy maintains financial protection against catastrophic loss associated with its interest in Quad Cities Station through a combination of insurance purchased by Exelon Generation (the operator and joint owner of Quad Cities Station), insurance purchased directly by MidAmerican Energy, and the mandatory industry-wide loss funding mechanism afforded under the Price-Anderson Amendments Act of 1988, which was amended and extended by the Energy Policy Act of 2005. The general types of coverage are: nuclear liability, property coveragedamage or loss and nuclear worker liability.

United States Mine Safety

PacifiCorp's mining operations are regulated by the federalFederal Mine Safety and Health Administration, ("MSHA"), which administers federal mine safety and health laws and regulations, and state regulatory agencies. MSHAThe Federal Mine Safety and Health Administration has the statutory authority to institute a civil action for relief, including a temporary or permanent injunction, restraining order or other appropriate order against a mine operator who fails to pay penalties or fines for violations of federal mine safety standards. Federal law requires PacifiCorp to have a written emergency response plan specific to each underground mine it operates, which is reviewed by MSHAthe Federal Mine Safety and Health Administration every six months, and to have at least two rescue teams located within one hour of each mine. ReferInformation regarding PacifiCorp's mine safety violations and other legal matters disclosed in accordance with Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Reform Act is included in Exhibit 95 to Item 9B of this Form 10-K for further information about the coal mines and coal processing facilities that PacifiCorp's subsidiaries operate.10-K.


29


Interstate Natural Gas Pipeline Subsidiaries

The natural gas pipeline and storage operations of the Company's United States interstate pipeline subsidiariesPipeline Companies are regulated by the FERC, wh ichwhich administers, most significantly, the NGA and the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978. Under this authority, the FERC regulates, among other items, (a) rates, charges, terms and conditions of service and (b) the construction and operation of interstate pipelines, storage and related facilities, including the extension, expansion or abandonment of such facilities. The Pipeline Companies hold certificates of public convenience and necessity issued by the FERC, which authorizes them to construct, operate and maintain their pipeline and related facilities and services.


26



FERC regulations and the Pipeline Companies' tariffs allow each of the Pipeline Companies to charge approved rates for the services set forth in their respective tariff. These rates are a function of the cost of providing services to their customers, including operations and maintenance costs, taxes, interest, depreciation and amortization and an opportunity to earn a reasonable return on its investments. Both Northern Natural Gas continues to useGas' and Kern River's tariff rates have been developed under a modified straight fixed variable rate design methodology whereby substantially all fixed costs, including a return on invested capital and income taxes, are collected through reservation charges, which are paid by firm transportation and storage customers regardless of volumes shipped. Commodity charges, which are paid only with respect to volumes actually shipped, are designed to recover the remaining, primarily variable, cost. Kern River's reservation rates have historically been setapproved using a "levelized cost-of-service""levelized" cost-of-service methodology so that the rate isremains constant over the contractlevelization period. This levelized cost of service has been achieved by using a FERC-approved depreciation schedule in which depreciation increases as interest expense and return on equity amount decreases.amounts decrease. Both Northern Natural Gas' and Kern River's rates are subject to change in future general rate proceedings.

Natural gas transportation companies may not grant any undue preference to any customer. FERC regulations also restrict each pipeline's marketing affiliates' access to certain non-public information regarding their affiliated interstate natural gas transmission pipelines.

Interstate natural gas pipelines are also subject to regulations by a federal agency within the United States Department of Transportation ("DOT"), pursuant to the Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968, as amended which("NGPSA"), the Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2002 ("2002 Act"), the Pipeline Inspection, Protection, Enforcement and Safety Act of 2006 ("2006 Act") and the Pipeline Safety, Regulatory Certainty, and Job Creation Act of 2011 ("2011 Act").

The NGPSA establishes safety requirements in the design, construction, operation and maintenance of interstate natural gas facilities. The NGPSA also requires an entity that owns or operates pipeline facilities to comply with applicable safety standards, to establish and keep current inspection and maintenance plans and to comply with such plans. The Pipeline Companies conduct internal audits of their facilities every four years; with more frequent reviews of those deemed higher risk. The DOT routinely audits and inspects the pipeline facilities for compliance with its regulations. Compliance issues that arise during these audits or during the normal course of business are addressed on a timely basis. The Pipeline Companies believe that their respective pipeline systems comply in all material respects with the NGPSA and with DOT regulations issued pursuant to the NGPSA.

The 2002 Act and the PSIA, which implemented2006 Act further amended the NGPSA and established additional safety and pipeline integrity regulations for all natural gas pipelines in high-consequence areas. The 2002 Act imposed major new requirements in the areas of operator qualifications, risk analysis and integrity management. The 2002 Act requires more frequent periodic inspection or testing of natural gas pipelines in areas where the potential consequences of a natural gas pipeline accident may be significant or may do considerable harm to persons or property, which are referred to as high consequence areas. Pursuant to the 2002 Act, the DOT promulgated new regulations that require natural gas pipeline operators to develop comprehensive integrity management programs, to identify applicable threats to natural gas pipeline segments that could impact high consequence areas, to assess these segments, and to provide ongoing mitigation and monitoring. The regulation also requires Northern Natural Gas and Kern River to completeregulations require that all baseline integrity assessments on their pipeline systemshigh consequence area segments be assessed by December 17, 2012 and require recurring inspections every seven years thereafter. Each pipeline is on schedule toThe Pipeline Companies have completed the initialrequired high consequence area line pipe baseline integrity assessments and will complete other associated assessments in 2012. Kern River also completed the required in-line inspections in early 2011 on that portion of its pipeline system required by December 2011.the conditions associated with a special permit which allowed for an increase to the maximum allowable operating pressure.

In additionThe 2006 Act required pipeline operators to FERCinstitute human factors management plans for personnel employed in pipeline control centers. DOT regulations published pursuant to the 2006 Act required development of written control room management procedures no later than August 2011, and implementation of the procedures no later than February 1, 2013. The implementation date was subsequently accelerated to August 2011 for many of the control room management program elements as many required little implementation time once the program and procedures were written. Some elements, including alarm management, required more time to implement and these aspects of the program have a required implementation date of August 2012. The Pipeline Companies met the August 2011 deadline for the applicable parts of the program and are taking the necessary steps to ensure compliance with all aspects of the 2006 Act requirements by the established dates.

As a result of recent natural gas pipeline incidents, most notably the San Bruno natural gas pipeline explosion that occurred in September 2010 in California, the DOT regulation, certain operationsissued an Advanced Notice of Proposed Rule Making in August 2011, and additionally in January 2012, the President signed the 2011 Act. The new natural gas pipeline safety legislation and the rulemaking measure strengthen the DOT's ability to regulate interstate natural gas pipeline companies, increase the maximum allowable civil penalties for violations, and impose additional natural gas pipeline integrity requirements on the transmission pipeline industry. While the general requirements of the new legislation are subject to oversight by state regulatory commissions.known, the DOT is now developing the new rules and regulations. The full extent of the new regulations under development and the cost of compliance are not fully known at this time.

27




United Kingdom Electricity Distribution Companies

Northern Electric and Yorkshire Electricity,The Distribution Companies, as holders of electricity distribution licenses, are subject to regulation by the Gas and Electricity Markets Authority ("GEMA").GEMA. GEMA discharges certain of its powers through its staff within Ofgem. Each of fourteen licensed distribu tiondistribution network operators ("DNOs") distributes electricity from the national grid system to end users within their respective distribution service areas.

DNOs are subject to price controls, enforced by Ofgem, that limit the revenue that may be recovered and retained from their electricity distribution activities. The regulatory regime that has been applied to electricity distributors in the United Kingdom encourages companies to look for efficiency gains in order to improve profits. The distribution price control formula also adjusts the revenue received by DNOs to reflect a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the rate of inflation (as measured by the retail price index), the quality of service delivered by the licensee's distribution system and syste msystem losses (i.e., the difference between the number of units entering and leaving the licensee's system). Currently, price controls are established every five years, although the formula has been, and may be, reviewed at the regulator's discretion. Ofgem has indicated that future price controls are likely to be set for a period of eight or nine years, with the potential for a mid-period review if the outputs required of a licensee have changed. The procedure and methodology adopted at a price control review are at the reasonable discretion of Ofgem. Historically, Ofgem's judgment of the future allowed revenue of licensees has been based upon, among other things:
actual operating costs of each of the licensees;
•    
actual operating costs of each of the licensees;
pension deficiency payments of each of the licensees;
operating costs which each of the licensees would incur if it were as efficient as, in Ofgem's judgment, the more efficient licensees;
taxes that each licensee is expected to pay;
regulatory value ascribed to and the allowance for depreciation related to the distribution network assets;
rate of return to be allowed on investment in the distribution network assets by all licensees; and
financial ratios of each of the licensees and the license requirement for each licensee to maintain investment grade status.

•    pension deficiency payments of each of the licensees;
•    operating costs which each of the licensees would incur if it were as efficient as, in Ofgem's judgment, the more efficient licensees;
•    taxes that each licensee is expected to pay;
•    regulatory value ascribed to and the allowance for depreciation related to the distribution network assets;
•    rate of return to be allowed on investment in the distribution network assets by all licensees; and
•    financial ratios of each of the licensees and the license requirement for each licensee to maintain investment grade status.

30


The current electricity distribution price control became effective April 1, 2010 and is expected to continue through March 31, 2015. A resetting of the formula requirescan now be made by GEMA without the consent of the DNO; however, license modificationsDNO, but if a licensee wishes to appeal such a modification, the licensee may insist that the matter is referred to the UK's Competition Commission for it to determine whether the modification should be unilaterally imposed by Ofgem without such consent following review bymade. Certain other interested parties also have the British Competition Commission. Northern Electric and Yorkshire Electricitysame right. The Distribution Companies each agreed to Ofgem's proposals for the resetting of the formula that commenced April 1, 2010.

A number of incentive schemes also operate within the current price control period to encourage DNOs to provide an appropriate quality of service to end users with s pecifiedspecified payments to be made for failures to meet prescribed standards of service. The aggregate of these guaranteed standards payments is uncapped, but may be excused in certain prescribed circumstances that are generally beyond the control of the DNO.

The most recent price control review conducted by Ofgem led to an increase in allowed revenue for Northern Electric and Yorkshire Electricity.the Distribution Companies. As a result, excluding the effects of incentive schemes, it is expected the base allowed revenue of Northern ElectricPowergrid (Northeast) Limited and Yorkshire ElectricityNorthern Powergrid (Yorkshire) plc will be permitted to increase by approximately 7.7% and 6.5%, respectively, plus inflation (as measured by the United Kingdom's Retail Prices Index) in each of the next five regulatory years that commenced April 1, 2010.

Ofgem also monitors DNO compliance with license conditions and enforces the remedies resulting from any breach of condition. License conditions include the prices and terms of service, financial strength of the DNO, the provision of information to Ofgem and the public, as well as maintaining transparency, non-discrimination and avoidance of cross-subsidy in the provision of such services. Ofgem also monitors and enforces certain duties of a DNO set out in the Electricity Act of 1989 including the duty to develop and maintain an efficient, coordinated and economical system of electricity distribution. Under the Utilities Act 2000, the regulators are able to impose financial penalties on DNOs who contravene any of their license duties or certain of their duties under the Electricity Act 1989, as ame nded,amended, or who are failing to achieve a satisfactory performance in relation to the individual standards prescribed by GEMA. Any penalty imposed must be reasonable and may not exceed 10% of the licensee's revenue.


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Independent Power Projects

Foreign

The Philippine Congress has passed the Electric Power Industry Reform Act of 2001 ("EPIRA"), which is aimed at restructuring the Philippine power industry, privatizing the National Power Corporation and introducing a competitive electricity market, among other initiatives. The implementation of EPIRA may impact the Company's future operations in the Philippines and the Philippine power industry as a whole, the effect of which is not yet known as changes resulting from EPIRA are ongoing.

Domestic

The Co rdova,Cordova, Saranac, and Power Resources and Agua Caliente independent power projects are Exempt Wholesale Generators ("EWG") under the Energy Policy Act while the Yuma, Imperial Valley and Wailuku independent power projects are currently certified as Qualifying Facilities ("QF") under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 ("PURPA").1978. Both EWGs and QFs are generally exempt from compliance with extensive federal and state regulations that control the financial structure of an electric generating plant and the prices and terms at which electricity may be sold by the facilities. In addition, the Cordova, Saranac, Power Resources and Yuma independent power projects have obtained authority from the FERC to sell their power using market-based rates.

EWGs are permitted to sell capacity and electricity only in the wholesale markets, not to end users. Additionally, utilities are required to purchase electricity produced by QFs at a price that does not exceed the purchasing utility's "avoided cost" and to sell back-up power to the QFs on a non-discriminatory basis, unless they have successfully petitioned the FERC for an exemption from this purchase requirement. Avoided cost is defined generally as the price at which the utility could purchase or produce the same amount of power from sources other than the QF on a long-term basis. The Energy Policy Act eliminated the purchase requirement for utilities with respect to new contracts under certain conditions. New QF contracts are also subject to FERC rate filing requirements, unlike QF contracts entered into prior to the Energy Policy Act. FERC regulations also permit QFs and utilities to negotiate agreements for utility purchases of power at rates other than the utilities' avoided cost.


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Residential Real Estate Brokerage Company

HomeServices is regulated by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development ("HUD"), most significantly under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act ("RESPA"), and by state agencies where it operates. RESPA primarily governs the real estate settlement process by mandating all parties fully inform borrowers about all closing costs, lender servicing and escrow account practices, and business relationships between closing service providers and other parties to the transaction. In addition, certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, (the "Dodd-Frank Reform Act"), enacted in July 2010 and expected to become effective in July 2011, require real estate mortgage lenders to verify a borrower's ability to repay the underlying loan, which can be achieved within the context of a safe harbor if the mortgage is a "qualifying" mortgage that satisfies specific statutory criteria and the costs of the loan to the borrower do not exceed a mandated threshold percentage. Upon implementation ofIn implementing these provisions, HomeServices and its affiliates could incurincurred additional legal and regulatory compliance costs.

Environmental Laws and Regulations

The Company is subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations regarding air and water quality, renewable portfolio standards,RPS, emissions performance standards, climate change, coal combustion byproducts,byproduct disposal, hazardous and solid waste disposal, protected species and other environmental matters that have the potential to impact the Company's current and future operations. In addition to imposing continuing compliance obligations and capital expenditure requirements, these laws and regulations provide regulators with the authority to levy substantial penalties for noncompliance including fines, injunctive relief and other sanctions. These laws and regulations are administered by the EPA and various other state, local and international agencies. All such laws and regulations are subject to a range of interpretation, which may ultimately be resolved by the courts. Environmental laws and regulations continue to evolve, and the Company is unable to predict the impact of the changing laws and regulations on its operations and consolidated financial results. The Company believes it is in material compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.

Refer to "Liquidity"Environmental Laws and Capital Resources"Regulations" in Item 7 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding environmental laws and r egulationsregulations and "Liquidity and Capital Resources" for the Company's forecasted environmental-related capital expenditures.


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Item 1A.    Risk Factors

We and our subsidiaries are subject to certain risks and uncertainties in our business operations, including, but not limited to, those described below. Careful consideration of these risks, together with all of the other information included in this Form 10-K and the other public information filed by us, should be made before making an investment decision. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known or that are currently deemed immaterial may also impair our business operations.

Our Corporate and Financial Structure Risks

We are a holding company and depend on distributions from subsidiaries, including joint ventures, to meet our obligations.

We are a holding company with no material assets other than the equity investmentsownership interests in our subsidiaries and joint ventures, collectively referred to as our subsidiaries. Accordingly, cash flows and the ability to meet our obligations are largely dependent upon the earnings of our subsidiaries and the payment of such earnings to us in the form of dividends or other distributions. Our subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities that do not guarantee the payment of any of our obligations or have an obligation, contingent or otherwise, to pay directly, or to make funds available for the payment of, amounts due pursuant to our senior and subordinated debt or our other obligations. Distributions from subsidiaries may also be limited by:
•    their respective earnings, capital requirements, and required debt and preferred stock payments;
•    the satisfaction of certain terms contained in financing, ring-fencing or organizational documents; and
•    regulatory restrictions that limit the ability of our regulated utility subsidiaries to distribute profits.
their respective earnings, capital requirements, and required debt and preferred stock payments;
the satisfaction of certain terms contained in financing, ring-fencing or organizational documents; and
regulatory restrictions that limit the ability of our regulated utility subsidiaries to distribute profits.

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We are substantially leveraged, the terms of our senior and subordinated debt do not restrict the incurrence of additional debt by us or our subsidiaries, and our senior and subordinated debt isare structurally subordinated to the debt of our subsidiaries, each of which could adversely affect our consolidated financial results.

A significant portion of our capital structure is comprised of debt, and we expect to incur additional debt in the future to fund acquisitions, capital investments or the development and construction of new or exp andedexpanded facilities at our subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2010,2011, we had the following outstanding obligations:
•    
senior debt of $5.371 billion;
•    
subordinated debt of $315 million, consisting of $150 million of trust preferred securities held by third parties and $165 million held by Berkshire Hathaway and its affiliates; and
•    
guarantees and letters of credit in respect of subsidiary and equity method investment debt aggregating $82 million.
senior unsecured debt of $5.363 billion;
subordinated debt of $22 million, which is held by Berkshire Hathaway and its affiliates; and
guarantees and letters of credit in respect of subsidiary and equity method investment debt aggregating $90 million.

Our consolidated subsidiaries also have significant amounts of outstanding debt, which totaled $13.80513.687 billion as of December 31, 2010.2011. These amounts exclude (a) trade debt, (b) preferred stock obligations, (c) letters of credit in respect of subsidiary debt, and (d) our share of the outstanding debt of our own or our subsidiaries' equity method investments.

Given our substantial leverage, we may not have sufficient cash to service our debt, which could limit our ability to finance future acquisitions, develop and construct additional projects, or operate successfully under adverse conditions, including those brought on by declining national and global economies, and unfavorable financial markets.markets or growth conditions where our capital needs may exceed our ability to fund them. Our leverage could a lsoalso impair our credit quality or the credit quality of our subsidiaries, making it more difficult to finance operations or issue future debt on favorable terms, and could result in a downgrade in debt ratings by credit rating agencies.

The terms of our senior and subordinated debt do not limit our ability or the ability of our subsidiaries to incur additional debt or issue preferred stock. Accordingly, we or our subsidiaries could enter into acquisitions, new financings, refinancings, recapitalizations, capital leases or other highly leveraged transactions that could significantly increase our or our subsidiaries' total amount of outstanding debt. The interest payments needed to service this increased level of debt could adversely affect our consolidated financial re sults.results. Many of our subsidiaries' debt agreements contain covenants, or may in the future contain covenants, that restrict or limit, among other things, such subsidiaries' ability to create liens, sell assets, make certain distributions, incur additional debt or miss contractual deadlines or requirements, and our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control. Further, if an event of default accelerates a repayment obligation and such acceleration results in an event of default under some or all of our other debt, we may not have sufficient funds to repay all of the accelerated debt, and the other risks described under "Our Corporate and Financial Structure Risks" may be magnified as well.


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Because we are a holding company, the claims of our senior and subordinated debt holders are structurally subordinated with respect to the assets and earnings of our subsidiaries. Therefore, the rights of our creditors to participate in the assets of any subsidiary in the event of a liquidation or reorganization are subject to the prior claims of the subsidiary's creditors and preferred shareholders. In addition, a significant amo untamount of the stock or assets of our operating subsidiaries is directly or indirectly pledged to secure their financings and, therefore, may be unavailable as potential sources of repayment of our senior and subordinated debt.

A downgrade in our credit ratings or the credit ratings of our subsidiaries could negatively affect our or our subsidiaries' access to capital, increase the cost of borrowing or raise energy transaction credit support requirements.

Our senior unsecured long-term debt is rate d investment graderated by various rating agencies. We cannot assure that our senior unsecured long-term debt rating will continue tonot be rated investment gradereduced in the future. Although none of our outstanding debt has rating-downgrade triggers that would accelerate a repayment obligation, a credit rating downgrade would increase our borrowing costs and commitment fees on our revolving credit agreementagreements and other financing arrangements, perhaps significantly. In addition, we would likely be required to pay a higher interest rate in future financings, and the potential pool of investors and funding sources would likely decrease. Further, access to the commercial paper market, the principal source of short-term borrowings, could be significantly limited, resulting in higher interest costs.

Similarly, any downgrade or other event negatively affecting the credit ratings of our subsidiaries could make their costs of borrowing higher or access to funding sources more limited, which in turn could cause us to provide liquidity in the form of capital contributions or loans to such subsidiaries, thus reducing our and our subsidiaries' liquidity and borrowing capacity.


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Most of our subsidiaries' large wholesale custom ers,customers, suppliers and counterparties require our subsidiaries to have sufficient creditworthiness in order to enter into transactions, with them, particularly in the wholesale energy markets. If the credit ratings of our subsidiaries were to decline, especially below investment grade, financing costs and borrowings would likely increase because certain counterparties may require collateral in the form of cash, a letter of credit or some other security for existing transactions as welland as a condition to further transactentering into transactions with our subsidiaries. Such amounts may be material and may adversely affect our subsidiaries' liquidity and cash flows.

Our majority shareholder, Berkshire Hathaway, could exercise control over us in a manner that would benefit Berkshire Hathaway to the detriment of our creditors.

Berkshire Hathaway is our majority owner and has control over all decisions requiring shareholder approval, including the election of our directors. In circumstances involving a conflict of interest between Berkshire Hathaway and our creditors, Berkshire Hathaway could exercise its control in a manner that would benefit Berkshire Hathaway to the detriment of our creditors.

Our Business Risks

Much of our growth has been achieved through acquisitions, and additional acquisitions may not be successful.

Much of our growth has been achieved through acquisitions. Future acquisitions may range from buying individual assets to the purchase of entire businesses. We will continue to investigate and pursue opportunities for future acquisitions that we believe may increase shareholder value and expand or complement existing businesses. We may participate in bidding or other negotiations at any time for such acquisition opport unitiesopportunities which may or may not be successful. Any transaction that does take place may involve consideration in the form of cash or debt or equity securities.

Completion of any acquisition entails numerous risks, including, among others, the:
•    failure to complete the transaction for v arious reasons, such as the inability to obtain the required regulatory approvals, materially adverse developments in the potential acquiree's business or financial condition or successful intervening offers by third parties;
•    failure of the combined business to realize the expected benefits or to meet regulatory commitments; and
•    need for substantial additional capital and financial investments.
failure to complete the transaction for various reasons, such as the inability to obtain the required regulatory approvals, materially adverse developments in the potential acquiree's business or financial condition or successful intervening offers by third parties;
failure of the combined business to realize the expected benefits or to meet regulatory commitments; and
need for substantial additional capital and financial investments.

An acquisition could cause an interruption of, or loss of momentum in, the activities of one or more of our businesses. The diversion of management's attention and any delays or difficulties encountered in connection with the approval and integration of the acquired operations could adversely affect our combined businesses and financial results and could impair our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition.


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We cannot assure you that future acquisitions, if any, or any related integration efforts will be successful, or that our ability to repay our obligations will not be adversely affected by any future acquisitions.

We and our businesses are subject to extensive federal, state, local and foreign legislation and regulation, including numerous environmental, health, safety and other laws and regulations that affect us and our businesses' operations and costs. These laws and r egulationsregulations are complex, dynamic and subject to new interpretations or change. In addition, new laws and regulations are continually being proposed and enacted that create new or revised requirements or standards on us and our businesses.

We and our businesses are required to comply with numerous federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations that have broad application to us and our electric and natural gas utilities and interstate pipelinessubsidiaries and limit our ability to independently make and implement management decisions regarding, among other items, business combinations;acquiring businesses; constructing, acquiring or disposing of operating assets; operation ofoperating generating facilities and transmission and distribution assets; complying with pipeline safety and integrity and environmental requirements; setting rates charged to customers; establishing capital structures and issuing debt or equity securities; transactionstransacting between subsidiaries and affiliates; and paying dividends. These laws and regulations are implemented and enforced by federal, state and local regulatory agencies, such as, among others, the FERC, the EPA, the NRC, the MSHA, the DOT, the IUBNRC and the OPUCvarious state regulatory commissions in the United States, and GEMA, which discharges certain of its powers through its staff within Ofgem, in the United Kingdom.

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Significant Refer to "General Regulation" and "Environmental Laws and Regulations" in Item 1 of this Form 10-K for examples of laws and regulations and other requirements significantly affecting us and our present and future operations include, among others, those described below:operations.
•    Under authority granted to it in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 ("Energy Policy Act"), the FERC has approved regulations and issued decisions addressing electric system reliability; cyber security; critical infrastructure protection standards developed by the NERC; electric transmission planning, operation, expansion and pricing; regulation of utility holding companies; market transparency for natural gas marketing and transportation; and enforcement authority. The FERC has vigorously exercised its enhanced enforcement authority by imposing significant civil penalties for violations of its rules and regulations, which could be up to $1 million per day per violation. These regulations have imposed, or will likely impose, more comprehensive and stringent requirements and increase compliance costs on us and our public utility subsidiaries, which could adversely affect our consolidated financial results.
•  & nbsp; In July 2010, the President signed into law the Dodd-Frank Reform Act. The Dodd-Frank Reform Act reshapes financial regulation in the United States by creating new regulators, regulating new markets and firms and providing new enforcement powers to regulators. Virtually all major areas of the Dodd-Frank Reform Act, including collateral requirements on derivative contracts, will be the subject of regulatory interpretation and implementation rules requiring rulemaking proceedings that may take several years to complete. The outcome of the rulemaking proceedings cannot be predicted at this time; however, the impact of the Dodd-Frank Reform Act could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial results.
•    The EPA's CAIR, which established cap-and-trade programs to reduce carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions starting in 2009 to address alleged contributions to downwind non-attainment with the revised National Ambient Air Quality Standards; federal and state renewable portfolio standards; regulations that establish standards for air and water quality, wastewater discharges, solid waste, hazardous waste and coal combustion byproducts.
•    The DOT regulations, effective in 2004, that establish mandatory inspections for all natural gas pipelines in high-consequence areas within 10 years and recurring inspections every seven years thereafter. These regulations require pipeline operators to implement integrity management programs, including more frequent inspections, and other safety protections in areas where the consequences of potential pipeline accidents pose the greatest risk to life and property.
•    Federal laws establishing underground coal mine safety, emergency preparedness and reporting, such as the Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act of 2006 ("MINER Act") and those laws administered by MSHA.

Compliance with applicable laws and regulations generally requires our subsidiaries to obtain and comply with a wide variety of licenses, permits, inspections and other approvals. Further, compliance with laws and regulations can require significant capital and operating expenditures, including expenditures for new equipment, inspection, cleanup costs, removal and remediation costs, damages aris ingarising out of contaminated properties and fines, penalties and injunctive measures affecting operating assets for failure to comply with environmental regulations. Compliance activities pursuant to laws and regulations could be prohibitively expensive. As a result, some facilities may be required to shut down or alter their operations. Further, our subsidiaries may not be able to obtain or maintain all required environmental or other regulatory approvals and permits for their operating assets or development projects. Delays in or active opposition by third parties to obtaining any required environmental or regulatory permits,authorizations, failure to comply with the terms and conditions of the permitsauthorizations or increasedenhanced regulatory or environmental requirements may increase costs or prevent or delay our subsidiaries from operating their facilities, developing new facilities, expanding existing facilities or favorably locating new facilities. If our subsidiaries fail to comply with any environmental or other regulatory requirements, they may be subject to penalties and fin esfines or other sanctions.sanctions, including changes to the way our electric generating facilities are operated or how the Pipeline Companies are permitted to operate their systems that may impact generation or throughput. The costs of complying with laws and regulations could adversely affect our consolidated financial results. Not being able to operate existing facilities or develop new generating facilities to meet customer electricity needs could require our subsidiaries to increase their purchases of electricity on the wholesale market, which could increase market and price risks and adversely affect our consolidated financial results.

Existing laws and regulations, while comprehensive, are subject to changes and revisions from ongoing policy initiatives by legislators and regulators and to interpretations that may ultimately be resolved by the courts. For example, changes in lawlaws and regulationregulations could result in, but are not limited to, increased retail compet itioncompetition within our subsidiaries' service territories; new environmental requirements, including the implementation of renewable portfolio standardsRPS and greenhouse gasGHG emissions ("GHG") reduction goals; the issuance of stricter air quality standards and the implementation of energy efficiency mandates; the issuance of regulations over the management and disposal of coal combustion byproducts; changes to our subsidiaries' service territories as a result of condemnation or takeover by municipalities or other governmental entities, particularly where they lack the acquisition by a municipalityexclusive right to serve their customers; the inability of our subsidiaries' distribution facilities;to recover their costs; new pipeline safety requirements; or a negative impact on our subsidiaries' current transportation and cost recovery arrangements.


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In addition to changes in existing legislation and regulation, new laws and regulations are likely to be enacted that impose additional or new requirements or standards on our businesses. For example, while significant measures to regulate emissions at the federal level were considered by the United States Congress in 2010, comprehensive legislation has not been adopted; however, the EPA issued the CSAPR and federal policy makers recently considered, but did not adopt, comprehensive climate change legislation. Adoption ofMATS rules in 2011. Implementing actions required under, and otherwise complying with, new federal and state laws and regulations and changes in existing ones is emerging as one ofare among the moremost challenging aspects of managing utility operations. We cannot predict the future course of new laws and regulations, changes in existing ones or new interpretations by agency orders or court decisions nor can their impact on us be determined at this time; however, any one of these could adversely affect our consolidated financial results through higher capital expenditures and operating costs and cause an overall change in how we o perateoperate our businesses. To the extent that our regulated subsidiaries are not allowed by their regulators to recover or cannot otherwise recover the costs to comply with new laws and regulations or changes in existing ones, the additional requirements could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial results. Additionally, even if such costs are recoverable in rates, if they are substantial and result in rates increasing to levels that substantially reduce customer demand or reduce our Pipeline Companies throughput, this could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial results.

Recovery of costs by our regulated subsidiaries is subject to regulatory review and approval, and the inability to recover costs may adversely affect our consolidated financial results.

State Rate Proceedings

The Utilities establish rates for their regulated retail service through state regulatory proceedings. These proceedings typically involve multiple parties, including government bodies and officials, consumer advocacy groups and various consumers of energy, who have differing concerns, but who generally have the common objective of limiting rate increases. Decisions are subject to appeal, potentially leading to further uncertainty as sociatedassociated with the approval proceedings.

Each state sets retail rates based in part upon the state regulatory commission's acceptance of an allocated share of total utility costs. When states adopt different methods to calculate interjurisdictional cost allocations, some costs may not be incorporated into rates of any state. Ratemaking is also generally done on the basis of estimates of normalized costs, so if a given year's realized costs are higher than normalized costs, rates may not be sufficient to cover those costs. In some cases, actual costs are lower than the normalized or estimated costs recovered through rates and from time-to-time may result in a state regulator requiring refunds to customers. Each state regulatory commission generally sets rates based on a test year established in accordance with that commission's policies. The test year data adopted by each state regulatory commission may create a lag between the incurrence of a cost and its recovery in rates. Each state regulatory commission also decides the allowed levels of expense and investment that they deem are just and reasonable in providing the service and may disallow recovery in rates for any costs that do not meet such standard. StateAdditionally, each state regulatory commissions also decidecommission establishes the allowed rate of return the Utilities will be given an opportunity to earn on their sources of capital.
In Iowa, MidAmerican Energy has agreed not While rate regulation is premised on providing a fair opportunity to seekearn a general increase in electric base rates to become effective prior to January 1, 2014 unless its Iowa jurisdictional electricreasonable rate of return on equity falls below 10% as determined byinvested capital, the applicable agreement. MidAmerican Energy expects to continue to make significant capital expenditures to maintain and improve the re liability of its generation, transmission and distribution facilities to reduce emissions and to support new business and customer growth. As a result, MidAmerican Energy's financial results maystate regulatory commissions do not guarantee that we will be adversely affected if it is not able to deliver electricity inrealize a cost-efficient manner and is unable to offset inflation and the costreasonable rate of infrastructure investments with cost savings or additional sales.return.

In certain states, the Utilities are not permitted to pass through energy including fuel transportation, cost increases above the level assumed in their retailestablishing base rates without a general rate case or are subject to deadbands and sharing mechanisms.case. Any significant increase in fuel costs for electricity generation or purchased electricity costs could have a negative impact on the Utilities, despite e ffortsefforts to minimize this impact through future general rate cases or the use of hedging contracts. Any of these consequences could adversely affect our consolidated financial results.

While rate regulation is premised on providing a fair opportunity to obtain a reasonable rate of return on invested capital, the state regulatory commissions do not guarantee that we will be able to realize a reasonable rate of return.

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FERC Jurisdiction

The FERC establishes cost-based rates under which PacifiCorp providesassociated with transmission services to wholesale marketsprovided by PacifiCorp and retail markets in states that allow retail competition and establishes cost-based rates associated with MidAmerican Energy's transmission facilities, including those used to provide wholesale distribution service.facilities. Under the Federal Power Act, the Utilities may voluntarily file, or be obligated to file for changes, including general rate changes, to their system-wide transmissi ontransmission service rates. General rate changes implemented may be subject to refund. The FERC also has responsibility for approving both cost- and market-based rates under which the Utilities sell electricity at wholesale, has licensing authority over most of PacifiCorp's hydroelectric generating facilities and has broad jurisdiction over energy markets. The FERC may impose price limitations, bidding rules and other mechanisms to address some of the volatility of these markets or could revoke or restrict the ability of the Utilities to sell electricity at market-based rates, which could adversely affect our consolidated financial results. As a transmission owning member of the MISO, MidAmerican Energy is also subject to MISO-directed modifications of market rules, which are subject to FERC approval and operational procedures. The FERC may also impose substantial civil penalties for any non-compliance with the Federal Power Act and the FERC's rules and orders.
&nbs p;

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The FERC has jurisdiction over the construction and operation of natural gas pipelines and related facilities used in the transportation, storage and sale of natural gas in interstate commerce, including the modification or abandonment of such facilities and rates, charges and terms and conditions of service for the transportation, storage and sale of natural gas in interstate commerce.commerce and the modification or abandonment of such facilities and rates. The FERC was granted expandedalso has market transparency authority under §23 of the NGA, a section added to the NGA by the Energy Policy Act of 2005. The FERCand has adopted additional reporting and internet posting requirements for natural gas pipelines and buyers and sellers of natural gas.

Rates established for our interstate natural gas transmission and storage operations at Northern Natural Gas and Kern Riverthe Pipeline Companies are also subject toestablished by the FERC. In accordance with the FERC's rate-making principles, the Pipeline Companies current maximum tariff rates are designed to recover prudently incurred costs included in their pipeline system's regulatory authority. Thecost of service that are associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of their pipeline system and to afford our Pipeline Companies an opportunity to earn a reasonable rate of return. Nevertheless, the rates the FERC authorizes these companiesour Pipeline Companies to charge their customers may not be sufficient to cover the costs incurred to provide services in any given period. These pipelines,Moreover, from time to time, have in effect rate settlements approved by the FERC which prevent themmay change, alter or third parties from modifyingrefine its policies or methodologies for establishing pipeline rates except for allowed adjustments, for certain periods. These settlements do not precludeand terms and conditions of service. In addition, the FERC from initiating a separate proceedinghas expressed its intent to continue reviewing data submitted in interstate natural gas pipelines' annual FERC Form 2 filings to determine whether pipelines may be earning more than their allowed rate of return and, when appropriate, to institute proceedings against such pipelines under Section 5 of the NGA to modify thereduce rates. It is not possible to determine at this time whether any such actions would be instituted with respect to our Pipeline Companies' rates or what the outcome would be, but such proceedings could result in rate adjustments.

Under FERC policy, interstate pipelines and their customers may execute contracts at negotiated rates, which may be above or below the FERC regulated maximum tariff rate for that service. In a rate proceeding, these negotiated or discounted rate contracts are generally not subject to adjustment for increased costs which could occur due to inflation, increases in the cost of capital or taxes or other factors. It is possible that the cost to perform services under negotiated or discounted rate contracts will exceed the expected cost used when the negotiated or discounted rates were agreed to, which could result either in losses or lower rates of return in providing such services. FERC policy allows interstate natural gas pipelines to recover such costs under certain circumstances in rate cases. However, with respect to discounts granted to affiliates and negotiated rates, the interstate natural gas pipeline has a strong burden of proof to support such recovery on the basis that the discounted or negotiated rate was necessary in order to meet competition.

United Kingdom Electricity Distribution

Northern Electric and Yorkshire Electricity,The Distribution Companies, as DNOs and holders of electricity distribution licenses, are subject to regulation by GEMA. Most of the revenue of a DNO is controlled by a distribution price control formula set out in the electricity distribution license. The price control formula does not directly constrain profits from year to year, but is a control on revenue that operates independently of most of the DNO's costs. It has been the practice of Ofgem to review and reset the formula at five-year intervals, although th e formula has been, and may be, reviewed at other times at the discretion of Ofgem. The current five-year cost control period became effective on April 1, 2010 and extends through March 31, 2015. A resetting of the formula requires the consent of the DNO; however, license modifications may be unilaterally imposed by Ofgem without such consent following review by the British competition commission. GEMA is able to impose financial penalties on DNOs that contravene any of their electricity distribution license duties or certain of their duties under British law, or fail to achieve satisfactory performance of individual standards prescribed by GEMA. Any penalty imposed must be reasonable and may not exceed 10% of the DNO's revenue. During the term of the price control, additional costs have a direct impact on the financial results of Northern Electric and Yorkshire Electricity.the Distribution Companies.

Through our subsidiaries, we are actively pursuing, developing and constructing new or expanded facilities, the completion and expected cost of which are subject to significant risk, and our subsidiaries have significant funding needs related to their planned capital expenditures.

Through our subsidiaries, we are actively pursuing, developingpursue, develop and constructingconstruct new or expanded facilities. We expect that these subsidiaries will incur substantial annual capital expenditures over the next several years. ExpendituresSuch expenditures could include, among others, amounts for new electric generating facilities, electric transmission or distribution p rojects,projects, environmental control and compliance systems, natural gas storage facilities, new or expanded pipeline systems, as well as the continued maintenance and upgrades of existing assets.


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Development and construction of major facilities are subject to substantial risks, including fluctuations in the price and availability of commodities, manufactured goods, equipment, labor, siting and permitting and other items over a multi-year construction period, as well as counterparty risk and the economic viability of our suppliers.suppliers, customers and contractors. Certain of our construction projects are substantially dependent upon a single contractor and replacement of such contractor may be difficult and cannot be assured. These risks may result in the inability to timely complete a project or higher than expected costs to complete an asset and place it in service. Such costs may not be recoverable in the regulated rates or market or contract prices our subsidiaries are able to charge their customers. It is also possible that additional generation needs may be obtained through power purchase agreements, which could increase long-term purchase obligations and force reliance on the operating performance of a third party. The inability to successfully and timely complete a project, avoid unexpected costs or to recover any such costs could adversely affect our consolidated financial results.

Furthermore, our subsidiaries depend upon both internal and external sources of liquidity to provide working capital and to fund capital requirements. In some cases, we will commit to provide significant amounts of equity to our subsidiaries that are engaged in construction projects. If we do not provide needed funding to our subsidiaries and the subsidiaries are unable to obtain funding from external sources, they may need to postpone or cancel planned capital expenditures.

Failure to construct these planned projects could limit opportunities for revenue growth, increase operating costs and adversely affect the reliability of electricity service to our customers. For example, if PacifiCorp is not able to expand its existing portfolio of generating facilities, it may be required to enter into long-term wholesale electricity purchase contracts or purchase wholesale electricity at more volatile and potentially higher prices in the spot markets to support retail loads.

A sustained decrease in demand for electricity or natural gas in the markets served by our subsidiaries would significantly decrease our operating revenue and adversely affect our consolidated financial results.

A sustained decrease in demand for electricity or natural gas in the markets served by our subsidiaries would significantly reduce our operating revenue and adversely affect our consolidated financial results. Factors that could lead to a decrease in market demand include, among others:
•    a depression, recession or other adverse economic condition that results in a lower level of economic activity or reduced spending by consumers on electricity or natural gas, such as the significant adverse changes in the economy and credit markets experienced in 2008 and 2009;
•    an increase in the market price of electricity or natural gas or a decrease in the price of other competing forms of energy;
•    efforts by customers, legislators and regulators to reduce the consumption of energy through various conservation and energy efficiency measures and programs;
•    higher fuel taxes or other governmental or regulatory actions that increase, directly or indirectly, the cost of natural gas or other fuel sources for electricity generation or that limit the use of natural gas or the generation of electricity from fossil fuels; and
•    a shift to more energy-efficient or alternative fuel machinery or an improvement in fuel economy, whether as a result of technological advances by manufacturers, legislation mandating higher fuel economy or lower emissions, price differentials, incentives or otherwise.
a depression, recession or other adverse economic condition that results in a lower level of economic activity or reduced spending by consumers on electricity or natural gas, such as the significant adverse changes in the economy and credit markets experienced in 2008 and 2009;
an increase in the market price of electricity or natural gas or a decrease in the price of other competing forms of energy;
shifts in competitively priced natural gas supply sources away from the sources connected to our Pipeline Companies' systems;
efforts by customers, legislators and regulators to reduce the consumption of energy through various conservation and energy efficiency measures and programs;
laws mandating or encouraging renewable energy resources which may reduce the demand for natural gas;
higher fuel taxes or other governmental or regulatory actions that increase, directly or indirectly, the cost of natural gas or other fuel sources for electricity generation or that limit the use of natural gas or the generation of electricity from fossil fuels; and
a shift to more energy-efficient or alternative fuel machinery or an improvement in fuel economy, whether as a result of technological advances by manufacturers, legislation mandating higher fuel economy or lower emissions, price differentials, incentives or otherwise.


35



Our subsidiaries are subject to market risk associated with the wholesale energy markets, which could adversely affect our consolidated financial results.

In general, our primary market risk is the risk of adverse fluctuations in the market price of wholesale electricity and fuel, including natural gas, coal and fuel oil, which is compounded by volumetric changes affecting the availability of or demand for electricity and fuel. WholesaleThe market price of wholesale electricity may be influenced by several factors, such as the adequacy or type of generating capacity; scheduled and unscheduled outages of generating facilities; prices and availability of fuel sources for generation; disruptions or constraints to transmission and distribution facilities; weather conditions; economic growth; and changes in technology. Volumetric changes are caused by unanticipated changes in generation availability or changes in customer needs that can be due to the weather, electricity and fuel prices, the economy, regulations or customer behavior. For example, the Utilities purchase electricity and fuel in the open ma rketmarket as part of their normal operating businesses. If market prices rise, especially in a time when larger than expected volumes must be purchased at market or short-term prices, PacifiCorp or MidAmerican Energy may incur significantly greater expense than anticipated. Likewise, if electricity market prices decline in a period when PacifiCorp or MidAmerican Energy is a net seller of electricity in the wholesale market, PacifiCorp or MidAmerican Energy will earn less revenue.


38


Our subsidiaries are subject to counterparty credit risk, which could adversely affect our consolidated financial results.

Our subsidiaries are subject to counterparty credit risk related to contractual obligations with wholesale suppliers, customers and, as is the case for MidAmerican Energy, other participants in organized RTO markets. Adverse economic conditions or other events affecting counterparties with whom our subsidiaries conduct business could impair the ability of these counterparties to timely pay for services. Our subsidiaries depend on these counterparties to remit payments on a timely basis. For example, certain wholesale suppliers, customers and other RTO market partici pantsparticipants experienced deteriorating credit quality in 2008 and 2009, and this trend continued, though on a limited basis, in 2010.2009. If our wholesale customers are unable to pay us for energy, there may be a significant adverse impact on our consolidated financial results.

Transactional activities of MidAmerican Energy and other participants in organized RTO markets are governed by credit policies specified in each respective RTO's governing tariff and related business practices. Credit policies of RTO's, which have been developed through extensive stakeholder participation, generally seek to minimize potential loss in the event of a market participant default without unnecessarily inhibiting access to the marketplace. In the event of a default by a RTO market participant on its market-related obligations, losses are allocated among all other market participants in proportion to each participant's share of overall market activity during the period of time the loss was incurred. Because of this, MidAmerican Energy has potential indirect exposure to every other market participant in the RTO markets where it actively participates, including the MISO, the PJM, and the ERCOT.

We continue to monitor the creditworthiness of wholesale suppliers and customers in an attempt to reduce the impact of any potential counterparty default. If strategies used to minimize these risk exposures are ineffective or if our subsidiariessubsidiaries' wholesale customers' financial condition deteriorates as a result of economic conditions causing them to be unable to pay, significant losses could result. Although our subsidiaries monitor the creditworthiness of their customers in an attempt to reduce the impact of any potential counterparty default, defaults in payment could adversely affect our consolidated financial results.

Our subsidiaries are subject to counterparty performance risk, which could adversely affect our consolidated financial results.

Our subsidiaries are subject to counterparty performance risk related to performance of contractual obligations by wholesale suppliers, customers and, as is the case for MidAmerican Energy, other participants in organized RTO markets. Each subsidiary relies on wholesale suppliers to deliver commodities, primarily natural gas, coal a ndand electricity, in accordance with short- and long-term contracts. Failure or delay by suppliers to provide these commodities pursuant to existing contracts could disrupt the delivery of electricity and require the utilities to incur additional expenses to meet customer needs. In addition, when these contracts terminate, the utilities may be unable to purchase the commodities on terms equivalent to the terms of current contracts.

Our subsidiaries rely on wholesale customers to take delivery of the energy they have committed to purchase. Failure of customers to take delivery may require these subsidiaries to find other customers to take the energy at lower prices than the original customers committed to pay. If our subsidiaries' wholesale customers are unable to fulfi llfulfill their obligations, there may be a significant adverse impact on our consolidated financial results.


36



Our subsidiaries are subject to the risk that customers will not renew their contracts or that our subsidiaries will be unable to obtain new customers for expanded capacity, each of which could adversely affect our consolidated financial results.

Certain of our subsidiaries are dependent upon a relatively small number of customers for a significant portion of their revenu e.revenue. For example:
•    a significant portion of our pipeline subsidiaries' capacity is contracted under long-term arrangements, and our pipeline subsidiaries are dependent upon relatively few customers for a substantial portion of their revenue; and
•    generally, a single power purchaser takes electricity from each of our Philippine and United States qualifying generating facilities.
a significant portion of the Pipeline Companies' capacity is contracted under long-term arrangements, and the Pipeline Companies are dependent upon relatively few customers for a substantial portion of their revenue; and
generally, a single power purchaser takes electricity from our Philippine hydroelectric generating facility and each of our United States qualifying generating facilities and, when commercially operational, from our unregulated solar-powered projects.

If our subsidiaries are unable to renew, remarket, or find replacements for their long-term arrangements,customer agreements on favorable terms, our sales volumes and operating revenue would be exposed to reduction and increased volatility. For example, without the benefit of long-term transportation agreements, we cannot assure that our pipeline subsidiariesthe Pipeline Companies will be able to transport natural gas at efficient capacity levels. Similarly, without long-term power purchase agreements, we cann otcannot assure that our unregulated power generators will be able to operate profitably. Failure to maintain existing long-term agreements or secure new long-term agreements, or being required to discount rates significantly upon renewal or replacement, could adversely affect our consolidated financial results. The replacement of any existing long-term agreements depends on market conditions and other factors that may be beyond our subsidiaries' control.


39


Disruptions in the financial markets could affect our and our subsidiaries' ability to obtain debt financing, draw upon or renew existing credit facilities, and have other adverse effects on us and our subsidiaries.

During 2008 and early 2009, the United States, the United Kingdom and global credit markets experienced historic dislocations and liquidity disruptions that caused financing to be unavailable in manycertain cases. These circumstances materially impacted liquidity in the bank and debt capital markets during this period, making financing terms less attractive for borrowers that were able to find financing, and in other cases resulted in the unavailability of certain types of debt financing. It is difficult to predict how the financial markets will react toWhile there has been a gradual recovery in the United States federal government's continued involvement or gradual withdrawal or removal of certaineconomy and an improvement in its financial markets, there remains much financial and economic stimulus programs.uncertainty on a global basis, especially in the European community, which may adversely affect the United States' credit markets. Uncertainty in the credit markets may negatively impact our and our subsidiaries' ability to access funds on favorable terms or at all. If we or our subsidiaries are unable to access the bank and debt markets to meet liquidity and capital expenditure needs, it may adversely affect the timing and amount of our capital expenditures, acquisition financing and our consolidated financial results.

Inflation and changes in commodity prices and fuel transportation costs may adversely affect our consolidated financial results.

Inflation may affect our businesses by increasing both operating and capital costs. As a result of existing rate agreements, andcontractual arrangements or competitive price pressures, our subsidiaries may not be able to pass the costs of inflation on to their customers. If our subsidiaries are unable to manage cost increases or successfully pass them on to their customers, our consolidated financial results could be adversely affected.

Some of our subsidiaries' financial results may be adversely affected if they are unable to obtain adequate, reliable and affordable access to electricity transmission service and natural gas transportation.

Some of our subsidiaries depend on electricity transmission and natural gas transportation facilities owned and operated by other companies to transport electricity and natural gas to both wholesale and retail markets, as well as natural gas purchased to supply somecertain of our subsidiaries' generating facilities. If adequateA lack of available transmission and transportation is unavailable, our subsidiaries may be unable to purchase and sell and deliver products. A lack of availability could also hinder our subsidiaries from providing adequate or cost-effective electricity or natural gas to their wholesale markets and retail electric and natural gas customers and could adversely affect our consolidated financial results.

The different regional power markets have varying and dynamic regulatory structures, which could affect our businesses' growth and performance. In addition, the independent system operators who oversee the transmission systems in certain portions of the regional power markets in which we transact have imposed in the past, and may impose in the future, price limitations and other mechanisms to counter volatility in the power markets. These types of price limitations and other mechanisms may adversely affect our consolidated financial results.


37



Our operating results may fluctuate on a seasonal and quarterly basis and may be adversely affected by weather.

In most parts of the United States and other markets in which our subsidiaries operate, demand for electricity peaks during the hot summer months when irrigation and cooling needs are higher. Market prices for electricity also generally peak at that time. In other areas, demand for electricity peaks during the winter. In addition, demand for natural gas and other fuels generally peaks during the winter when heating needs are higher. This is especially true in Northern Natural Gas' market area and MidAmerican Energy's retail natural gas business. Further, extreme weather conditions, such as heat waves, winter storms or floods could cause these seasonal fluctuations to be more pronounced. Periods of low rainfall or snowpack may impact electricity gene rationgeneration at PacifiCorp's hydroelectric generating facilities, which may result in greater purchases of electricity from the wholesale market or from other sources at market prices. Additionally, the Utilities have added substantial wind-powered generationgenerating capacity, and our unregulated businesses are adding solar-powered generating capacity, each of which is also a climate-dependent resource.

As a result, the overall financial results of our subsidiaries may fluctuate substantially on a seasonal and quarterly basis. We have historically sold less energy, and consequently earned less income, when weather conditions are mild. Unusually mild weather in the future may adversely affect our consolidated financial results through lower revenue or margins. Conversely, unusually extreme weather conditions could increase our costs to provide energy and could adve rselyadversely affect our consolidated financial results. The extent of fluctuation in our consolidated financial results may change depending on a number of factors related to our subsidiaries' regulatory environment and contractual agreements, including their ability to recover energy costs, the existence of revenue sharing provisions and terms of the wholesale sale contracts.


40


Our subsidiaries are subj ectsubject to operating uncertainties that could adversely affect our consolidated financial results.

The operation of complex, integrated electric and natural gas utility (including generation, transmission and distribution) systems or interstate natural gas pipeline systems that are spread over large geographic areas involves many operating uncertainties and events beyond our control. These potential events include the breakdown or failure of electricity generating equipment, compressors, pipelines, transmission and distribution lines or other equipment or processes; unscheduled generating facility outages; strikes, lockouts or other labor-related actions; shortage of qualified labor; transmission and distribution system constraints or outages; cyber attacks; fuel shortages or interruptions; unavailab ilityunavailability of critical equipment, materials and supplies; low water flows and other weather-related impacts; performance below expected levels of output, capacity or efficiency; operator error and catastrophic events such as severe storms, floods, fires, earthquakes, explosions, orand mining accidents. A casualty occurrencecatastrophic event might result in injury or loss of life, extensive property damage or environmental damage. Any of these risks or other operational risks could significantly reduce or eliminate our subsidiaries' revenue or significantly increase their expenses, thereby reducing the availability of distributions to us. For example, if our subsidiaries cannot operate their electricity or natural gas facilities at full capacity due to damage caused by a catastrophic event, their revenue could decrease and their expenses could increase due to the need to obtain energy from more expensive sources. Further, we and our subsidiaries self-insure many risks, and current and future insurance coverage may not be sufficient to replace lost revenue or cover repair and replacement costs. The scope, cost and availability of our and our subsidiaries' insurance coverage may change, including the portion that is self-insured. Any reduction of our subsidiaries' revenue or increase in their expenses resulting from the risks described above, could adversely affect our consolidated financial results.

Potential terrorist activities or military or other actions, including cyber attacks, could adversely affect our consolidated financial results.

The ongoing thre atthreat of terrorism and the impact of military and other actions by the United States and its allies createscreate increased political, economic and financial market instability, which subjects our subsidiaries' operations to increased risks. The United States government has issued warnings that energy assets, specifically pipeline, nuclear generation and other electric utility infrastructure are potential targets for terrorist organizations. Cyber attacks could adversely affect our subsidiaries' ability to operate their facilities, information technology and business systems, or compromise confidential customer and employee information. Political, economic or financial market instability or damage to the operating assets of our subsidiaries, customers or suppliers may result in business interruptions, lost revenue, higher commodity prices, disruption in fuel supplies, lower energy consumption and unstable markets, particularly with respect to electricity and natural gas, increased security, repair or other costs that may materially adversely affect us and our subsidiaries in ways that cannot be predicted at this time. Any of these risks could materially affect our consolidated financial results. Furthermore, ins tabilityinstability in the financial markets as a result of terrorism, sustained or significant cyber attacks, or war could also materially adversely affect our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to raise capital.


38



MidAmerican Energy is subject to the unique risks associated with nuclear generation.

The ownership and operation of nuclear power plants, such as MidAmerican Energy's 25% ownership interest in Quad Cities Station, involves certain risks. These risks include, among other items, mechanical or structural probl ems,problems, inadequacy or lapses in maintenance protocols, the impairment of reactor operation and safety systems due to human error, the costs of storage, handling and disposal of nuclear materials, limitations on the amounts and types of insurance coverage commercially available, and uncertainties with respect to the technological and financial aspects of decommissioning nuclear facilities at the end of their useful lives. The prolonged unavailability of Quad Cities Station could materially adversely affect MidAmerican Energy's financial results, particularly when the cost to produce power at the plant is significantly less than market wholesale prices. The following are among the more significant of these risks:
•    
Operational Risk - Operations at any nuclear power plant could degrade to the point where the plant would have to be shut down. If such degradations were to occur, the process of identifying and correcting the causes of the operational downgrade to return the plant to operation could require significant time and expense, resulting in both lost revenue and increased fuel and purchased electricity costs to meet supply commitments. Rather than incurring substantial costs to restart the plant, the plant could be shut down. Furthermore, a shut-down or failure at any other nuclear plant could cause regulators to require a shut-down or reduced availability at Quad Cities Station.
•    
Regulatory Risk - The NRC may modify, suspend or revoke licenses and impose civil penalties for failure to comply with the Atomic Energy Act applicable regulations or the terms of the licenses of nuclear facilities. Unless extended, the NRC operating licenses for Quad Cities Station will expire in 2032. Changes in regulations by the NRC could require a substantial increase in capital expenditures or result in increased operating or decommissioning costs.
•    
Nuclear Accident Risk - Accidents and other unforeseen problems have occurred at nuclear facilities other than Quad Cities Station, both in the United States and elsewhere. The consequences of an accident can be severe and include loss of life and property damage. Any resulting liability from a nuclear accident could exceed MidAmerican Energy's resources, including insurance coverage.

41Operational Risk - Operations at any nuclear power plant could degrade to the point where the plant would have to be shut down. If such degradations were to occur, the process of identifying and correcting the causes of the operational downgrade to return the plant to operation could require significant time and expense, resulting in both lost revenue and increased fuel and purchased electricity costs to meet supply commitments. Rather than incurring substantial costs to restart the plant, the plant could be shut down. Furthermore, a shut-down or failure at any other nuclear plant could cause regulators to require a shut-down or reduced availability at Quad Cities Station.

Regulatory Risk - The NRC may modify, suspend or revoke licenses and impose civil penalties for failure to comply with the Atomic Energy Act applicable regulations or the terms of the licenses of nuclear facilities. Unless extended, the NRC operating licenses for Quad Cities Station will expire in 2032. Changes in regulations by the NRC could require a substantial increase in capital expenditures or result in increased operating or decommissioning costs.
Nuclear Accident and Catastrophic Risks - Accidents and other unforeseen catastrophic events have occurred at nuclear facilities other than Quad Cities Station, both in the United States and elsewhere, such as at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant in Japan as a result of the earthquake and tsunami in March 2011. The consequences of an accident or catastrophic event can be severe and include loss of life and property damage. Any resulting liability from a nuclear accident or catastrophic event could exceed MidAmerican Energy's resources, including insurance coverage.

We own investments and projects located in foreign countries that are exposed to increased economic, regulatory and political risks.

We own and may acquire significant energy-related investments and projects outside of the United States. In addition to any disruption in the global financial markets, the economic, regulatory and political conditions in some of the countries where we have operations or are pursuing investment opportunities may present increased risks related to, among others, inflation, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, currency repatriation restrictions, nationalization, renegotiation, privatization, availability of financing on suitable terms, customer creditworthiness, construction delays, business interruption, political instability, civil unrest, guerilla activity, terrorism, expropriation, trade sanctions, contract nullification and changes in law, regulations or tax policy. We may not be capable of either fully insuring against or effectively hedging these risks.

We are exposed to risks related to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

Our business operations and investments outside the United States increase our risk related to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, primarily the British pound. Our principal reporting currency is the United States dollar, and the value of the assets and liabilities, earnings, cash flows and potential distributions from our foreign operations changes with the fluctuations of the currency in which they transact. We may selectively reduce some foreign currency exchange rate risk by, among other things, requiring contracted amounts be settled in, or indexed to, United States dollars indexing contracts to theor a currency freely convertible into United States dollardollars, or hedging through foreign currency derivatives. These efforts, however, may not be effective and could negatively affect our consolidated financial results. We attempt, in many circumstances, to structure foreign transactions to provide for payments to be made in, or indexed to, United States dollars or a currency freely convertible into United States dollars. We may not be able to obtain sufficient dollars or other hard currency or available dollars may not be allocated to pay such obligations, which could adversely affect our consolidated financial results.


39



Cyclical fluctuations in the residential real estate brokerage and mortgage businesses could adversely affect HomeServices.

The residential real estate brokerage and mortgage industries tend to experience cycles of greater and lesser activity and profitability and are typically affected by changes in economic conditions, including the current downturn in the United States housing market, which are beyond HomeServices' control. Any of the following, among others, are examples of items that could have a material adverse effect on HomeServices' businesses by causing a general decline in the number of home sales, sale prices or the number of home financings which, in turn, would adversely affect its financial results:
•    rising interest rates or unemployment rates, including the significant rise in unemployment in the United States which may continue into future periods;
•    periods of economic slowdown or recession in the markets served, such as the significant adverse changes in the economy experienced in 2008 and 2009;
•    decreasing home affordability;
•    lack of avail able mortgage credit for potential homebuyers, such as the reduced availability of credit generally experienced in 2008 and 2009 and that may continue into future periods;
•    declining demand for residential real estate as an investment;
•    
rising interest rates or unemployment rates, including the significant rise in unemployment in the United States which may continue into future periods;
periods of economic slowdown or recession in the markets served, such as the significant adverse changes in the economy experienced in recent years;
decreasing home affordability;
lack of available mortgage credit for potential homebuyers, such as the reduced availability of credit generally experienced in recent years and that may continue into future periods;
declining demand for residential real estate as an investment;
nontraditional sources of new competition; and
changes in applicable tax law.

nontraditional sources of new competition; and
•    changes in applicable tax law.

42


Poor performance of plan and fund investments and other factors impacting the pension and other postretirement benefit plans and nuclear decommissioning and mine reclamation trust funds could unfavorably impact our cash flows and liquidity.

Costs of providing our defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans depend upon a number of factors, including the rates of return on plan assets, , the level and nature of benefits provided, discount rates, the interest rates used to measure required minimum funding levels, changes in benefit design, changes in laws and government regulation and our required or voluntary contributions made to the plans. OurAll of our pension plans and PacifiCorp's other postretirement benefit plansplan are in underfunded positions. Even with sustained growth in the investments over future periods to increase the value of these plans' assets, we will likely be required to make significant cash contributions to fund these plans in the future. Additionally, our plans have investments in sovereign debt and foreign currency denominated securities. Credit rating downgrades and default by the entities in which our plans have invested could add to the volatility and timing of future contributions. Furthermore, the Pension Protection Act of 2006, as amended, may result in more volatility in the amount and timing of future contributions. Similarly, for example, funds dedicated to nuclear decommissioning and mine reclamation are invested in equitydebt and fixed incomeequity securities and poor performance of these investments will reduce the amount of funds available for their intended purpose, which would require us to make additional cash contributions. Such cash funding obligations, which are also impacted by the other factors described above, could have a material impact on our liquidity by reducing our cash flows.

We and our subsidiaries are involved in numerous legal proceedings, the outcomes of which are uncertain and could adversely affect our consolidated financial results.

We and our subsidiaries are party to numerous legal proceedings. Litigation is subject to many uncertainties, and we cannot predict the outcome of individual matters. It is possible that the final reso lutionresolution of some of the matters in which we and our subsidiaries are involved could result in additional payments in excess of established reserves over an extended period of time and in amounts that could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial results. Similarly, it is also possible that the terms of resolution could require that we or our subsidiaries change business practices and procedures, which could also have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial results. Further, litigation could result in the imposition of financial penalties or injunctions which could limit our ability to take certain desired actions or the denial of needed permits, licenses or regulatory authority to conduct our business, including the siting or permitting of facilities. Any of these outcomes could adversely affect our consolidated financial results.

Potential changes in accounting standards may impact our consolidated financial results and disclosures in the future, which may change the way analysts measure our business or financial performance.

The Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") and the SEC continuously make changes to accounting standards and disclosure and other financial reporting requirements. New or revised accounting standards and requirements issued by the FASB or the SEC or new accounting orders issued by the FERC could significantly impact our consolidated financial results and disclosures.

40




Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments
Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 2.    Properties

The Company's energy properties consist of the physical assets necessary to support its electricity and natural gas businesses. Properties of the Company's electricity businesses include electric generation, transmission and distribution facilities, as well as coal mining assets that support certain of the Company's electric generating facilities. Properties of the Company's natural gas businesses include natural gas distribution facilities, interstate pipelines, storage facilities, compressor stations and meter stations. In addition to these physical assets, the Company has rights-of-way, mineral rights and wat erwater rights that enable the Company to utilize its facilities. It is the opinion of the Company's management that the principal depreciable properties owned by the Company are in good operating condition and are well maintained. Pursuant to separate financing agreements, substantially all or mostof PacifiCorp's electric utility properties and substantially all of the propertiesassets of each of MEHC's subsidiaries (except MidAmericanCordova Energy Northern Natural Gas, CE Electric UK and CE Casecnan)Company LLC are pledged or encumbered to support or otherwise provide the security for thetheir related subsidiary debt. For additional information regarding the Company's energy properties, refer to Item 1 of this Form 10-K and Notes 3, 4 and 22 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.


43


The following table summarizes the electric generating facilities of MEHC's subsidiaries as of December 31, 2010:2011:
      Facility Net Net Owned
Energy     Capacity Capacity
Source Entity Location by Significance (MW) (MW)
         
Coal PacifiCorp and MidAmerica n Energy Iowa, Wyoming, Utah, Arizona, Colorado and Montana 14,369 9,568
         
Natural gas and other PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy and CalEnergy U.S. Utah, Iowa, Illinois, Washington, Oregon, Texas, New York and Arizona 4,876 4,358
         
Wind PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy Iowa, Wyoming, Washington and Oregon 2,324 2,316
         
Hydroelectric PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy, CalEnergy Philippines and CalEnergy U.S. Washington, Oregon, The Philippines, Idaho, California, Utah, Hawaii, Montana, Illinois and Wyoming 1,320 1,293
       
 
 
Nuclear MidAmerican Energy Illinois 1,783 446
      
 
  
Geothermal PacifiCorp and CalEnergy U.S. California and Utah 361 198
    Total 
25,03318,179
      Facility Net Net Owned
Energy     Capacity Capacity
Source Entity Location by Significance (MW) (MW)
         
Coal PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy Iowa, Wyoming, Utah, Arizona, Colorado and Montana 14,326 9,538
         
Natural gas and
 other
 PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy and MidAmerican Renewables Utah, Iowa, Illinois, Washington, Oregon, Texas, New York and Arizona 4,829 4,311
         
Wind PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy Iowa, Wyoming, Washington and Oregon 2,918 2,909
         
Hydroelectric PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy and MidAmerican Renewables Washington, Oregon, The Philippines, Idaho, California, Utah, Hawaii, Montana, Illinois and Wyoming 1,308 1,281
         
Nuclear MidAmerican Energy Illinois 1,760 440
         
Geothermal PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Renewables California and Utah 361 198
    Total 25,502 18,677

The right to construct and operate the Company's electric transmission and distribution facilities and interstate natural gas pipelines across certain property was obtained in most circumstances through negotiations and, where necessary, through the exercise of the power of eminent domain. PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy, Northern Natural Gas and Kern River in the United States and Northern ElectricPowergrid (Northeast) Limited and Yorkshire ElectricityNorthern Powergrid (Yorkshire) plc in the United KingdomGreat Britain continue to have the power of eminent domain in each of the jurisdictions in which they operate their respective facilities, but the United States utilities do not have the power of eminent domain with respect to governmental or Native American tribal lands. Although the main Kern River pipeline crosses the Moapa Indian Reservation, all facilities in the Moapa Indian Reservation are located within a utility corridor that is reserved to the United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management.


41



With respect to real property, each of the electric transmission and distribution facilities and interstate natural gas pipelines fall into two basic categories: (1) parcels that are owned in fee, such as certain of the electric generation stations, electric substations, natural gas compressor stations, natural gas meter stations and office sites; and (2) parcels where the interest derives from leases, easements, rights-of-way, permits or licenses from landowners or governmental authorities permitting the use of such land for the construction, operation and maintenance of the electric transmission and distribution facilities and interstate natural gas pipelines. The Company believes that each of its energy subsidiaries has satisfactory title to all of the real property making up their respective facilities in all material respects.

44


Item 3.    Legal Proceedings

The Company is party to a variety ofNone

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures

Information regarding the Company's mine safety violations and other legal actions arising outmatters disclosed in accordance with Section 1503(a) of the normal course of business. Plaintiffs occasionally seek punitive or exemplary damages. The Company does not believe that such normal and routine litigation will have a material impact on its consolidated financial results. The CompanyDodd-Frank Reform Act is also involvedincluded in other kinds of legal actions, some of which assert or may assert claims or seekExhibit 95 to impose fines, penalties and other costs in substantial amounts and are described below.this Form 10-K.
CalEnergy Philippines
In February 2002, pursuant to the share ownership adjustment mechanism in the CE Casecnan shareholder agreement, MEHC's indirect wholly owned subsidiary, CE Casecnan Ltd., advised the minority shareholder of CE Casecnan, LaPrairie Group Contractors (International) Ltd. ("LPG"), that MEHC's indirect ownership interest in CE Casecnan had increased to 100% effective from commencement of commercial operations. In 2002, LPG filed a complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California, City and County of San Francisco (the "Superior Court"), against CE Casecnan Ltd. and MEHC. In November 2010, following a series of Superior Court decisions, CE Casecnan Ltd., MEHC and LPG agreed to a settlement of all issues arising out of the litigation. The settlement resulted in LPG having a 15% ownership interest in CE Casecnan and had no material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
In July 2005, MEHC and CE Casecnan Ltd. commenced an action against San Lorenzo Ruiz Builders and Developers Group, Inc. ("San Lorenzo") in the District Court of Douglas County, Nebraska (the "District Court"), seeking a declaratory judgment as to San Lorenzo's right to repurchase up to 15% of the shares in CE Casecnan. In January 2006, San Lorenzo filed a counterclaim against MEHC and CE Casecnan Ltd. seeking declaratory relief that it had effectively exercised its option to purchase up to 15% of the shares of CE Casecnan, that it was the rightful owner of such shares and that it was due all dividends previously paid on such shares. In March 2010, a di rected verdict was issued in favor of San Lorenzo. In November 2010, CE Casecnan Ltd., MEHC and San Lorenzo agreed to a settlement of all issues arising out of the litigation and executed a Purchase Agreement and Release whereby, among other items, MEHC purchased San Lorenzo's ownership rights.
Item 4.(Removed and Reserved)


4542



PART II

Item 5.Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Item 5.Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Se curities

MEHC's common stock is owned by Berkshire Hathaway, Mr. Walter Scott, Jr. and certain of his family members and family controlled trusts and corporations, and Mr. Gregory E. Abel, its Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, and has not been registered with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, listed on a stock exchange or otherwise publicly held or traded. MEHC has not declared or paid any cash dividends on its common stock during the last ten fiscal years and does not presently anticipate that it will declare any dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future.

For a discussion of unregistered sales of equity securities and regulatory restrictions that limit PacifiCorp's and MidAmerican Energy's ability to pay dividends on their common stock to MEHC, refer to Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Item 6.    Selected Financial Data

The following table sets forth the Company's selected consolidated historical financial data, which should be read in conjunction with the information in Item 7 of this Form 10-K and with the Company's historical Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. The selected consolidated historical financial data has been derived from the Company's audited historical Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto (in millions).
Years Ended December 31,Years Ended December 31,
2010 2009 2008 2007 
2006(1)
2011 2010 2009 2008 2007
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: 
 
                
Operating revenue$11,127  $11,204  $12,668  $12,376  $10,301 $11,173
 $11,127
 $11,204
 $12,668
 $12,376
Net income(2)
1,310  1,188  1,871  1,219  943 
Net income(1)
1,352
 1,310
 1,188
 1,871
 1,219
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests72  31  21  30  27 21
 72
 31
 21
 30
Net income attributable to MEHC(2)
1,238  1,157  1,850  1,189  916 
Net income attributable to MEHC(1)
1,331
 1,238
 1,157
 1,850
 1,189
  
 
               
As of December 31,
As of December 31,
2010 2009 2008 2007 
2006(1)
2011 2010 2009 2008 2007
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:                  
Total assets$45,668  $44,684&n bsp; $41,441  $39,216  $36,447 $47,718
 $45,668
 $44,684
 $41,441
 $39,216
Short-term debt320  179  
836
  130  552 865
 320
 179
 836
 130
Long-term debt, including current maturities:                  
MEHC senior debt5,371  5,371
 
 5,121  
5,471
  4,479 5,363
 5,371
 5,371
 5,121
 5,471
MEHC subordinated debt315  590  1,321  1,125  1,357 22
 315
 590
 1,321
 1,125
Subsidiary debt13,805  13, 791  12,954  13,097  11,614 13,687
 13,805
 13,791
 12,954
 13,097
Total MEHC shareholders' equity13,232  12, 576  10,207  9,326  8,011 14,092
 13,232
 12,576
 10,207
 9,326
Noncontrolling interests176  267  270  256  242 173
 176
 267
 270
 256

(1)Reflects the acquisition of PacifiCorp on March 21, 2006.
(2)    Reflects the $646 million after-tax gain recognized on the termination of the Constellation Energy Group, Inc. ("Constellation Energy") merger agreement on December 17, 2008.


4643



Item 7.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 7.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following is management's discussion and analysis of certain significant factors that have affected the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company during the periods included herein. Explanations include management's best estimate of the impact of weather, customer growth and other factors. This discussion should be read in conjunction with Item 6 of this Form 10-K and with the Company's historical Consolid atedConsolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. The Company's actual results in the future could differ significantly from the historical results.

The reportable segment financial information includes all necessary adjustments and eliminations needed to conform to the Company's significant accounting policies. The differences between the segment amounts and the consolidated amounts, described as "MEHC and Other," relate principally to corporate functions, including administrative costs and intersegment eliminations. Effective December 31, 2011, the Company changed its reportable segments. Northern Natural Gas and Kern River have been aggregated in the reportable segment called MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group, and CalEnergy Philippines and MidAmerican Renewables, LLC, formerly CalEnergy U.S., have been aggregated in the reportable segment called MidAmerican Renewables. Prior year amounts have been changed to conform to the current presentation.

Results of Operations

Overview

Net income attributable to MEHC for 2011 was $1.331 billion, an increase of $93 million, or 8%, compared to 2010. PacifiCorp's net income was $554 million for 2011, a decrease of $15 million, or 3%, compared to 2010 as higher retail prices approved by regulators, higher customer load and the net impact of the Utah general rate case settlement were more than offset by lower wholesale revenue, higher purchased power costs, lower AFUDC, higher depreciation and amortization, higher operating expense and lower sales of RECs. Net income at MidAmerican Funding was $304 million for 2011, a decrease of $36 million, or 11%, compared to 2010 due to lower wholesale electric margins, resulting from lower average prices and volumes, and the effects of ratemaking on income taxes, partially offset by higher AFUDC, lower interest expense, lower operating expense and lower depreciation and amortization. MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group's net income was $236 million for 2011, an increase of $11 million, or 5%, compared to 2010 due to lower interest expense and higher AFUDC. Northern Powergrid Holdings' net income was $389 million for 2011, an increase of $113 million, or 41%, compared to 2010 due to higher distribution revenue resulting from lower regulatory provisions and higher tariffs, higher deferred income tax benefits in 2011 related to enacted changes in the United Kingdom's corporate income tax rate and $12 million due to a weaker United States dollar, partially offset by a tax free gain of $45 million recognized on the sale of CE Gas (Australia) Limited in 2010. Additionally, net income attributable to MEHC was favorably impacted by an after-tax charge of $38 million related to the CE Casecnan noncontrolling interest settlement in 2010, lower MEHC subordinated interest expense in 2011 of $16 million, higher variable energy and water delivery fees earned in 2011 on higher rainfall at the Casecnan project totaling $14 million and higher equity income from ETT in 2011 of $10 million, partially offset by charges associated with the early redemption of MEHC subordinated debt in 2011 totaling $24 million and a dividend received in 2010 from BYD Company Limited totaling $6 million.

Net income attributable to MEHC for 2010 was $1.238 billion, an increase of $81 million, or 7%, compared to 2009. Higher net income at PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy and CE Electric UK was partially offset by lower net income at Northern Natural Gas, Kern River, CalEnergy Philippines and CalEnergy U.S.2009. PacifiCorp's net income increased primarilywas $569 million for 2010, an increase of $27 million, or 5%, compared to 2009 due to higher retail prices approved by regulators, higher sales of renewable energy credits,RECs, higher benefits associated with deferred net power costs, higher allowances for funds used during construction ("AF UDC")AFUDC and a lower effective income tax rate due to the effects of ratemaking and higher production tax credits, partially offset by lower net wholesale electricity activities, higher depreciation on higher plant placed in-service and higher operating expense. Net income at MidAmerican Energy increasedwas $340 million for 2010, an increase of $13 million, or 4%, compared to 2009 due to higher margins on warmer weather and $21 million of income tax benefits for changes related to the tax capitalization policy for overhead costs and repairs deductions. These improvements were partially offset by higher maintenance costs from plant outages and storm damage. MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group's net income was $225 million for 2010, a decrease of $49 million, or 18%, compared to 2009 as a result of lower revenue from less favorable market conditions. Net income at Northern Powergrid Holdings was higher at CE Electric UK$276 million for 2010, an increase of $98 million, or 55%, compared to 2009 due to a $45 million tax free gain on the sale of CE Gas (Australia) Limited, the recognition of deferred income tax benefits totaling $25 million upon enactment of the reduction in the United Kingdom corporate income tax rate from 28% to 27%, a $15 million after-tax impairment of certain Australian hydrocarbon exploration and development assets in 2009 and higher distribution reve nue. Net income at Northern Natural Gas and Kern River was lower as a result of lower revenue from less favorable market conditions. CalEnergy Philippines'revenue. Additionally, net income decreased dueattributable to MEHC was unfavorably impacted by the settlement of a noncontrolling interest disputesettlement totaling $38 million, and lower rainfall and related lower revenue earned in 2010. Net income2010 at CalEnergy U.S. decreased due to the expirationCasecnan project totaling $23 million and an after-tax gain in 2009 on the Constellation Energy common stock investment of a favorable power purchase contract in the second quarter of 2009. The results for 2009 included$22 million, partially offset by an after-tax stock-based compensation charge of $75 million in 2009 as a result of the purchase of shares of common stock that were issued upon the exercise of stock options and an after-tax gain on the Constellation Energy common stock investment of $22 million.options.
Net income attributable to MEHC for 2009 was $1.157 billion, a decrease of $693 million, or 37%, compared to 2008. The results for 2009 included an after-tax stock-based compensation charge of $75 million and an after-tax gain on the Constellation Energy common stock investment of $22 million. The results for 2008 included a $646 million after-tax gain recognized on the termination of the Constellation Energy merger agreement in 2008. Excluding the impact of these items, net income attributable to MEHC increased $6 million for 2009 compared to 2008. Higher net income at PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Funding, CalEnergy Philippines and HomeServices and lower United States income taxes on foreign earnings was partially offset by lower net income at Northern Natural Gas, Kern River and CE Electric UK. Net income was higher at PacifiCorp as a result of higher operating income and a lower effective income tax rate, partially offset by higher interest expense. MidAmerican Funding's net income increased due to lower income taxes, which included income tax benefits of $55 million for repairs deductions, partially offset by lower operating income. MidAmerican Funding's operating income was lower due to lower regulated electric margins and higher depreciation and amortization, partially offset by lower maintenance costs as a result of the storm and flood damage in 2008. Net income was higher at CalEnergy Philippines due to higher rainfall and related revenue earned at the Casecnan project and at HomeServices due to lower office closure costs and other operating expenses. Net income at Northern Natural Gas and Kern River was lower as a result of less favorable market conditions, $30 million of after-tax gains on the sale of certain non-strategic operating assets at Northern Natural Gas in 2008 and a lower customer refund liability in 2008 related to Kern River's 2004 rate case of $26 million. Net income was lower at CE Electric UK due primarily to a stronger United States dollar that reduced net income $33 million, lower distribution revenue and a $15 million after-tax impairment of certain Australian hydrocarbon exploration and development assets recognized in 2009.


4744



Segment Results

The reportable segment financial information includes all necessary adjustments and eliminations needed to conform to the Company's significant accounting policies. The differences between the segment amounts and the consolidated amounts, described as "Corporate/other," relate principally to corporate functions, including administrative costs and intersegment eliminations.
Operating revenue and operating income for the Company's reportable segments for the years ended December 31 are summarized as follows (in millions):
)
 
 
 2010 2009 Change 2009 2008 Change
Operating revenue:       
 
       
PacifiCorp$4,432  $4,457  $(25) (1)% $4,457  $4,498  $(41) (1)%
MidAmerican Funding3,815  3,699  116 
 
3  3,699  4,715  (1,016) (22)
Northern Natural Gas624  689  (65)
 
(9) 689  769  (80) (10)
Kern River357  372  (15) (4) 372  443  (71) (16)
CE Electric UK802  825  (23) (3) 825  993  (168) (17)
CalEnergy Philippines105  147  (42) (29) 147  138  9  7 
CalEnergy U.S.32  31  1  3  31  30  1  3 
HomeServices1,020  1,037  (17) (2) 1,037  1,133  (96) (8)
Corporate/other(60) (53) (7) (13)
 
(53) (51) (2) (4)
Total operating revenue$11,127  $11,204  $(77) (1 $11,204  $12,668  $(1,464) (12)
                
Operating income:              
PacifiCorp$1,055  $1,079  $(24) (2)% $1,079  $952  $
127
  13 %
MidAmerican Funding460  469
 
 (9) (2) 469  590  (121) (21)
Northern Natural Gas274  337  (63) (19) 337  457  (120) (26)
Kern River198  221  (23) (10) 221  305  (84) (28)
CE Electric UK474  394  80  20  394  514  (120) (23)
CalEnergy Philippines71  113  (42) (37) 113  103  10  10 
CalEnergy U.S.17  15& nbsp; 2  13  15  15     
HomeServices17  11  6  55  11  (58) 69  (119)
Corporate/other(64) (174) 110  63  (174) (50) (124) *
Total operating income$2,502 
 
$2,465  $37  2  $2,465 $2,828  $(363) (13)
 2011 2010 Change 2010 2009 Change
Operating revenue:               
PacifiCorp$4,586
 $4,432
 $154
 3 % $4,432
 $4,457
 $(25) (1)%
MidAmerican Funding3,503
 3,815
 (312) (8) 3,815
 3,699
 116
 3
MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group977
 981
 (4) 
 981
 1,061
 (80) (8)
Northern Powergrid Holdings1,014
 802
 212
 26
 802
 825
 (23) (3)
MidAmerican Renewables161
 137
 24
 18
 137
 178
 (41) (23)
HomeServices992
 1,020
 (28) (3) 1,020
 1,037
 (17) (2)
MEHC and Other(60) (60) 
 
 (60) (53) (7) (13)
Total operating revenue$11,173
 $11,127
 $46
 
 $11,127
 $11,204
 $(77) (1)
                
Operating income:               
PacifiCorp$1,099
 $1,055
 $44
 4 % $1,055
 $1,079
 $(24) (2)%
MidAmerican Funding428
 460
 (32) (7) 460
 469
 (9) (2)
MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group468
 472
 (4) (1) 472
 558
 (86) (15)
Northern Powergrid Holdings615
 474
 141
 30
 474
 394
 80
 20
MidAmerican Renewables106
 88
 18
 20
 88
 128
 (40) (31)
HomeServices24
 17
 7
 41
 17
 11
 6
 55
MEHC and Other(56) (64) 8
 13
 (64) (174) 110
 63
Total operating income$2,684
 $2,502
 $182
 7
 $2,502
 $2,465
 $37
 2
*Not meaningful

PacifiCorp

Operating revenue increased $154 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to higher retail revenue of $350 million, partially offset by lower wholesale and other revenue of $196 million. The increase in retail revenue was due to higher prices approved by regulators of $280 million and higher customer load. Customer load increased 2% due to higher commercial load in Utah and Oregon, higher industrial load in Utah and the impacts of colder weather on residential load in Oregon. The decrease in wholesale and other revenue was due to a 24% decrease in average wholesale prices and a 6% decrease in wholesale volumes. Additionally, wholesale and other revenue decreased $57 million due to lower sales and higher deferrals of RECs, net of amortization, including the general rate case settlement in Utah totaling $30 million.

Operating income increased $44 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to the higher operating revenue, partially offset by higher depreciation and amortization of $51 million due to higher plant placed in service, higher operating expense of $41 million and higher energy costs of $18 million. Operating expense increased due to the higher plant placed in service, higher salaries and benefit expenses and material and supplies expense in 2011. Energy costs increased as a result of the higher per unit costs of coal and natural gas totaling $94 million, partially offset by energy cost adjustment mechanisms totaling $76 million, which included the impact of the Utah rate case settlement totaling $60 million. Energy supplied increased 1% for 2011 compared to 2010 as a 23% increase in purchased power volumes, higher than average hydroelectric generation and higher wind-powered generation were partially offset by lower generation from natural gas and coal-fueled generating facilities.

Operating revenue decreased $25$25 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to a decrease in wholesale and other revenue of $212 million, partially offset by higher retail revenue of $144 million and an increase in the sale of renewable energy creditsRECs totaling $43 million. Wholesale and other revenue decreased primarily due to a 17% decrease in average wholesale prices, an 8% decrease in wholesale volumes and the impact of deconsolidating PacifiCorp's coal mining joint venture, Bridger Coal Company ("Bridger Coal"), as a result of adopting authoritative guidance requiring equity method accounting treatment effective January 1, 2010. The lower revenue due to deconsolidating Bridger Coal is largely offse toffset by lower operating expense and depreciation and amortization. Retail revenue increased due to higher prices approved by regulators and higher demand-side management revenue, which is offset by related higher operating expenses, partially offset by lower revenue related to Oregon Senate Bill 408 ("SB 408408") and lower customer usage.


45



Operating income decreased $24$24 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to the lower operating revenue, higher depreciation and property taxes associated with recent plant placed in-service and higher maintenance costs primarily due to increased plant overhauls, partially offset by lower energy costs. Energy costs de creaseddecreased due to a decrease in the average cost of purchased electricity and natural gas, lower natural gas volumes and the effects of regulatory cost recovery adjustment mechanisms for net power costs, partially offset by higher transmission costs of $18 million from higher contract rates, higher volumes of purchased electricity and higher coal prices.


48


Operating revenue decreased $41 million for 2009 compared to 2008 due to a decrease in wholesale and other revenue of $154 million, partially offset by higher retail revenue of $69 million and the sale of renewable energy credits totaling $44 million. The decrease in wholesale and other revenue was due primarily to a 24% decrease in average wholesale prices, partially offset by higher revenue attributable to PacifiCorp's majority owned coal mining operation. The increase in retail revenue was due to higher prices approved by regulators totaling $134 million, partially offset by a 3% decrease in retail volumes. The decrease in retail volumes was principally related to lower average customer usage due to the effect of current economic conditions mainly on industrial customers throughout PacifiCorp's service territory and residential customers in Oregon, partially offset by growth in the average number of commercial a nd residential customers primarily in Utah.
Operating income increased $127 million for 2009 compared to 2008 due to lower energy costs of $305 million, partially offset by the lower operating revenue, higher depreciation and amortization of $68 million due to the addition of new generating facilities and higher operating expenses of $69 million. Energy costs were lower due largely to a 35% decrease in the average cost of purchased electricity on a 4% decrease in the volume of purchased electricity, partially offset by the effects of regulatory cost recovery adjustment mechanisms of $26 million. The addition of the Chehalis natural gas-fired generating facility and new wind-powered generating facilities in the second half of 2008 and during 2009, along with the 2% decrease in overall sales volumes, allowed PacifiCorp to reduce its need for purchased electricity. Operating expenses increased due to higher costs attributable to PacifiCorp's majority owned coal mining operation, higher DSM costs, which are recovered in rates, and increased property taxes driven by increased levels of assessable property.
MidAmerican Funding

MidAmerican Funding's operating revenue and operating income for the years ended December 31 are summarized as follows (in millions):
20102009Change20092008Change
Operating revenue:
Regulated electric$1,779$1,715$644 %$1,715$2,030$(315)(16)%
Regulated natural gas852857(5)
(1)8571,377(520)(38)
Nonregulated and other1,1841,1275751,1271,308(181)(14)
Total operating revenue$3,815$3,699$1163$3,699$4,715$(1,016)(22)
Operating income:
Regulated electric$319$331$(12)(4)%$331$470$(139)(30)%
Regulated natural gas6470(6
)
(9)7066
46
Nonregulated and other776891368541426
Total operating income$460$469$(9)(2)$469$590$(121)(21)
 2011 2010 Change 2010 2009 Change
Operating revenue:               
Regulated electric$1,662
 $1,779
 $(117) (7)% $1,779
 $1,715
 $64
 4 %
Regulated natural gas769
 852
 (83) (10) 852
 857
 (5) (1)
Nonregulated and other1,072
 1,184
 (112) (9) 1,184
 1,127
 57
 5
Total operating revenue$3,503
 $3,815
 $(312) (8) $3,815
 $3,699
 $116
 3
                
Operating income:               
Regulated electric$294
 $319
 $(25) (8)% $319
 $331
 $(12) (4)%
Regulated natural gas66
 64
 2
 3
 64
 70
 (6) (9)
Nonregulated and other68
 77
 (9) (12) 77
 68
 9
 13
Total operating income$428
 $460
 $(32) (7) $460
 $469
 $(9) (2)

Regulated electric operating revenue decreased $117 million for 2011 compared to 2010. Wholesale and other revenue decreased $123 million due to lower volumes of 19% and lower average prices of 8%. Retail revenue increased $6 million due to a 1% increase in customer load.

Regulated electric operating income decreased $25 million for 2011 compared to 2010. The lower operating revenue was partially offset by lower energy costs, operating expense and depreciation and amortization. Energy costs decreased $75 million due to lower purchased energy and lower coal and natural gas generation volumes, as lower wholesale sales prices and higher wind-powered generation made it less economical to dispatch these units, partially offset by the higher average cost of natural gas and coal. Operating expense decreased $9 million due to higher maintenance costs in 2010 from plant outages and storm restoration costs. Depreciation and amortization decreased $8 million due to lower depreciation rates effective June 1, 2011 following the results of a depreciation study. The new rates generally reflect longer estimated useful lives and lower net salvage. The effect of this change is estimated to be $28 million annually based on depreciable plant balances at the time of the change.

Regulated natural gas operating revenue decreased $83 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to lower wholesale volumes of 30% due to the narrowing of natural gas price spreads and a decrease in the average per-unit cost of gas sold, resulting in lower costs of sales. Regulated natural gas operating income increased $2 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to lower operating expense.

Nonregulated and other operating revenue decreased $112 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to lower electricity and natural gas volumes and prices. Nonregulated and other operating income decreased $9 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to lower margins.

Regulated electric operating revenue increased $64$64 million for 2010 compared to 2009. Retail revenue increased $100 million on higher volumes of 8% due to higher customer usage, primarily as a result of the impacts of favorable weather, and customer growth. Wholesale and other revenue decreased $36 million due to lower average wholesale sales prices and volumes.

Regul atedRegulated electric operating income decreased $12$12 million for 2010 compared to 2009. The higher operating revenue was offset by higher energy costs of $44 million, higher operating expenses of $24 million and higher depreciation and amortization of $8 million. Energy costs increased due to higher coal prices and greater thermal generation as a result of higher retail volumes. Operating expenses increased primarily due to higher maintenance costs from plant outages and storm damage totaling $12 million.


46



Regulated natural gas operating revenue decreased $5$5 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to lower wholesale and retail volumes, partially offset by an increase in the average per-unit cost of gas sold, which was passed on to customers. Regulated natural gas operating income decreased $6$6 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to higher operating expenses.

Nonregulated and other operating revenue increased $57$57 million for 2010 compa redcompared to 2009 due to a 10% increase in electric retail volumes, partially offset by a 3% decrease in electric retail prices. Nonregulated and other operating income increased $9$9 million for 2010 compared to 2009 primarily due to higher electric retail margins.

49


Regulated electric operat ing revenue decreased $315 million for 2009 compared to 2008. Wholesale and other revenue decreased $288 million due to lower average wholesale sales prices and lower volumes resulting from reduced demand for electricity due to economic conditions and mild temperatures. Retail revenue decreased $27 million on 4% lower volumes due primarily to reduced industrial demand and mild temperatures experienced throughout the service territory in 2009.
Regulated electric operating income decreased $139 million for 2009 compared to 2008. The lower revenue was partially offset by a decrease in the cost of energy of $222 million as a result of lower purchased electricity of $176 million and a lower cost of natural gas of $54 million, which were both due to lower average costs and volumes. The addition of new wind-powered generating facilities in 2008 allowed MidAmerican Energy to replace more expensive sources of electricity. Depreciation and amortization increased $53 million due primarily to the addition of new wind-powered generating facilities. Operating expenses decreased $7 million due largely to lower maintenance costs as a result of the storm and flood damage in 2008, partially offset by higher DSM costs, which are recovered in rates.Pipeline Group

Regulated natural gas operating revenue decreased $520 million for 2009 compared to 2008 due primarily to a reduction in the average per-unit cost of gas sold, which was passed on to customers and resulted in lower cost of sales, and lower sales volumes of 5% as a result of fewer wholesale market opportunities due to lower price spreads and mild weather experienced throughout the service territory in 2009. Regulated natural gas operating income increased $4 million for 2009 compared to 2008, due primarily to lower operating expenses.
Nonregulated and other operating revenue decreased $181 million for 2009 compared to 2008 due to lower gas revenue of $244 million on a 47% decrease in average prices and a 13% decrease in volumes, partially offset by higher electric retail revenue on a 10% increase in volumes. Nonregulated and other operating income increased $14 million for 2009 compared to 2008 due primarily to higher margins on electric retail sales.
Northern Natural Gas
Operating revenue decreased $65$4 million for 20102011 compared to 2009 primarily2010 due to lower transportation and storage revenue from the narrowing of $70 million,natural gas price spreads, partially offset by higher revenue from long-term contracts related to the Apex and 2010 Expansion projects at Kern River totaling $27 million and higher sales of gas and condensate liquids of $7$10 million. Transportation and storage revenue decreased primarily due to lower field area transportation volumes caused by less favorable economic conditions and lower natural gas price spreads and lower rates. Operating income decreased $63$4 million primarily for 2011 compared to 2010 due to the lower operating revenue.revenue and higher depreciation and amortization of $11 million on assets placed in service, partially offset by lower operating expense due to reduced maintenance costs and lower natural gas storage losses.

Operating revenue decreased $80$80 million for 2009 compared to 2008 due to lower transportation revenue of $70 million and lower sales of gas for operational purposes due primarily to lower prices. Transportation revenue decreased due to lower volumes caused by less favorable economic conditions, lower natural gas price spreads and the sale of the Beaver system in 2008. Operating income decreased $120 millionfor 2009 compared to 2008 due to the lower transportation revenue and pre-tax gains on the sale of certain non-strategic operating assets of $50 million in 2008.
Kern River
Operating revenue decreased $15 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to lower rates at Kern River as a result of the FERC order received in December 200 92009 and lower natural gas price spreads, partially offset by the 2010 Expansion project at Kern River being placed in-servicein service in April 2010.2010 and higher sales of gas and condensate liquids of $7 million. Operating income decreased $23$86 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to the lower operating revenue and higher depreciation and amortization expense of $9 million.

Northern Powergrid Holdings

Operating revenue increased $212 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to higher distribution revenue of $197 million and a weaker United States dollar totaling $32 million, partially offset by lower contracting revenue of $11 million and lower revenue of $6 million at CE Gas. Distribution revenue increased due to lower regulatory provisions totaling $126 million and higher tariff rates, partially offset by lower distributed units. Operating income increased $141 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to the higher distribution revenue and a weaker United States dollar totaling $19 million, partially offset by a tax free gain of $45 million recognized on the sale of CE Gas (Australia) Limited in 2010 and higher distribution costs and depreciation and amortization.

Operating revenue decreased $71$23 million for 2009 compared to 2008 due to lower price spreads and changes in Kern River's customer refund liability related to the 2004 rate case, wh ich resulted in lower revenue of $33 million. Operating income decreased $84 million for 2009 compared to 2008 due to the lower operating revenue and higher depreciation and amortization expense of $15 million.
CE Electric UK
Operating revenue decreased $23 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to lower contracting revenue of $30 million, lower gas production of $17 million due to the sale of CE Gas (Australia) Limited in September 2010, and the stronger United States dollar totaling $6 million, partially offset by higher distribution revenue of $31 million. Distribution revenue increased due to higher rates implemented April 1, 2010 related to the Distribution Price Control Review and higher volumes, partially offset by unfavorable movements in certain regulatory provisions totaling $77 million. Operating income increased $80$80 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to a tax free gain of $45 million recognized on the sale of CE Gas (Australia) Limited in 2010, a $20 million impairment of certain Australian hydrocarbon exploration and development assets in 2009 and the higher distribution revenue, partially offset by the lower gas production.

MidAmerican Renewables

Operating revenue increased $24 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to higher variable energy and variable water delivery fees earned in 2011 from higher rainfall at the Casecnan project. Operating income increased $18 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to the higher revenue at the Casecnan project, partially offset by higher maintenance costs at an independent power project in the United States.

Operating revenue decreased $41 million and operating income decreased $40 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to lower than normal rainfall in 2010 and above normal rainfall in 2009 at the Casecnan project, which resulted in lower variable energy and water delivery fees earned in 2010.

HomeServices

Operating revenue decreased $28 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to a 4% decrease in average home sale prices. Operating income increased $7 million for 2011 compared to 2010 as the lower operating revenue, net of commissions, was more than offset by lower operating expense.

Operating revenue decreased $17 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to a 7% decrease in closed brokerage units, partially offset by higher average home sale prices. Operating income increased $6 million for 2010 compared to 2009 as the lower operating revenue, net of commissions, was more than offset by lower operating expenses.

47




MEHC and Other

Operating loss decreased $110 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to $125 million of stock-based compensation expense in 2009 as a result of the purchase of common stock issued by MEHC upon the exercise of the last remaining stock options that had been granted to certain members of management at the time of Berkshire Hathaway's acquisition of MEHC in 2000.

Consolidated Other Income and Expense Items

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the years ended December 31 is summarized as follows (in millions):
 2011 2010 Change 2010 2009 Change
            
Subsidiary debt$841
 $844
 $(3)  % $844
 $864
 $(20) (2)%
MEHC senior debt and other329
 329
 
 
 329
 331
 (2) (1)
MEHC subordinated debt-Berkshire Hathaway13
 30
 (17) (57) 30
 58
 (28) (48)
MEHC subordinated debt-other13
 22
 (9) (41) 22
 22
 
 
Total interest expense$1,196
 $1,225
 $(29) (2) $1,225
 $1,275
 $(50) (4)

Interest expense decreased $29 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to scheduled maturities and principal repayments, partially offset by a weaker United States dollar and the debt issuances at PacifiCorp ($400 million in May 2011), Northern Natural Gas ($200 million in April 2011) and Northern Powergrid Holdings (£151 million in the third quarter of 2010 and £119 million in the first quarter of 2011).

Interest expense decreased $50 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to scheduled maturities, principal repayments and lower interest rates on variable rate debt.

Capitalized Interest

Capitalized interest decreased $14 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to lower construction work-in-progress balances at PacifiCorp, partially offset by higher construction work-in-progress balances at MidAmerican Energy and Kern River.

Capitalized interest increased $13 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to higher construction work-in-progress balances at PacifiCorp.

Interest and Dividend Income

Interest and dividend income decreased $10 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to an $11 million dividend received in 2010 from BYD Company Limited.

Interest and dividend income decreased $14 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to interest associated with SB 408 refunds received in 2009 at PacifiCorp, income earned in 2009 related to the Constellation Energy investments and lower average cash balances, partially offset by the dividend received in 2010 from BYD Company Limited.

Other, net
Other, net decreased $59 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to costs associated with the early redemption of MEHC subordinated debt totaling $40 million, lower equity AFUDC of $17 million and lower Rabbi Trust earnings, partially by the impairment of an asset in 2010 totaling $8 million at MidAmerican Funding. Equity AFUDC decreased due to lower construction work-in-progress balances at PacifiCorp, partially offset by higher construction work-in-progress balances at MidAmerican Energy and Kern River.

Other, net decreased $36 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due primarily to a $37 million pre-tax gain on the Constellation Energy common stock investment in 2009 and the impairment of an asset in 2010 at MidAmerican Funding, partially offset by higher equity AFUDC in 2010, primarily at PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy.

48




Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense increased $96 million for 2011 compared to 2010. The effective tax rates were 18% and 14% for 2011 and 2010, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate was due to the effects of ratemaking, lower tax benefits received at MidAmerican Energy for changes related to the tax capitalization and repairs deductions policies totaling $26 million and higher United States income taxes on foreign earnings, partially offset by additional production tax credits in 2011 totaling $29 million, higher deferred income tax benefits in 2011 related to enacted changes in the United Kingdom's corporate income tax rate discussed below and lower state income taxes.

In July 2011, the Company recognized $40 million of deferred income tax benefits upon the enactment of a reduction in the United Kingdom corporate income tax rate from 27% to 26% effective April 1, 2011, and a further reduction to 25% effective April 1, 2012. In July 2010, the Company recognized $25 million of deferred income tax benefits upon the enactment of the reduction in the United Kingdom corporate income tax rate from 28% to 27% effective April 1, 2011.

Federal renewable electricity production tax credits are earned on qualifying wind-powered generation placed in service. In 2004, the Utilities began placing qualified wind-powered generation in service and that has continued through 2011. Federal renewable electricity production tax credits are recognized as energy from wind-powered generating facilities is sold based on a per kilowatt rate as prescribed pursuant to the applicable federal income tax law and are eligible for the credit for 10 years from the date the qualifying generating facilities were placed in service. A credit of $0.022 per kilowatt hour was applied to 2011 production.

Income tax expense decreased $84 million for 2010 compared to 2009. The effective tax rates were 14% and 20% for 2010 and 2009, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to deferred income tax benefits totaling $25 million upon the enactment of the reduction in the United Kingdom corporate income tax rate from 28% to 27%, additional production tax credits totaling $20 million, a non-taxable gain on the sale of CE Gas (Australia) Limited and higher tax benefits received at MidAmerican Energy for changes related to the tax capitalization policy and repairs deductions totaling $6 million, partially offset by the impact of ratemaking. The benefits for changes to the tax capitalization policy and the repairs deductions were realized as MidAmerican Energy changed the method by which it determines current income tax deductions for overhead costs and repairs on certain of its regulated utility assets, which results in current deductibility for costs that are capitalized for book purposes. Iowa, MidAmerican Energy's largest jurisdiction for rate-regulated operations, requires immediate income recognition of such temporary differences.

Equity Income

Equity income increased $10 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to continued investment at ETT and higher earnings at CE Generation due to improved results at the gas plants, partially offset by lower earnings at HomeServices' mortgage joint venture due to lower refinancing activity and higher compliance costs.

Equity income decreased $12 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to lower earnings at CE Generation, primarily due to the expiration of a favorable power purchase contract in the second quarter of 2009 at the Saranac project.

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests decreased $51 million for 2011 compared to 2010 and increased $41 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to a $54 million pre-tax charge in 2010 related to the CE Casecnan noncontrolling interest settlement.


49



Liquidity and Capital Resources

Each of MEHC's direct and indirect subsidiaries is organized as a legal entity separate and apart from MEHC and its other subsidiaries. It should not be assumed that the assets of any subsidiary will be available to satisfy MEHC's obligations or the obligations of its other subsidiaries. However, unrestricted cash or other assets that are available for distribution may, subject to applicable law, regulatory commitments and the terms of financing and ring-fencing arrangements for such parties, be advanced, loaned, paid as dividends or otherwise distributed or contributed to MEHC or affiliates thereof. The long-term debt of subsidiaries may include provisions that allow MEHC's subsidiaries to redeem it in whole or in part at any time. These provisions generally include make-whole premiums. Refer to Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion regarding the limitation of distributions from MEHC's subsidiaries.

As of December 31, 2011, the Company's total net liquidity was $3.741 billion. The components of total net liquidity are as follows (in millions):
       Northern    
     MidAmerican Powergrid    
 MEHC PacifiCorp Funding Holdings Other Total
            
Cash and cash equivalents$13
 $47
 $1
 $21
 $204
 $286
  
          
Credit facilities552
 1,355
 654
 233
 50
 2,844
Less:           
Short-term debt(108) (688) 
 (69) 
 (865)
Tax-exempt bond support and letters
of credit
(25) (304) (195) 
 
 (524)
Net credit facilities419
 363
 459
 164
 50
 1,455
            
Net liquidity before Berkshire
Equity Commitment
$432
 $410
 $460
 $185
 $254
 $1,741
Berkshire Equity Commitment(1)
2,000
  
  
  
  
 2,000
Total net liquidity$2,432
  
  
  
  
 $3,741
Unsecured revolving credit facilities: 
  
  
  
  
  
Maturity date2013
 2012, 2013
 2012, 2013
 2013
 2013
  
Largest single bank commitment as a % of total revolving credit facilities(2)
18% 16% 23% 33% 100%  

(1)MEHC has an Equity Commitment Agreement with Berkshire Hathaway (the "Berkshire Equity Commitment") pursuant to which Berkshire Hathaway has agreed to purchase up to $2.0 billion of MEHC's common equity upon any requests authorized from time to time by MEHC's Board of Directors. The proceeds of any such equity contribution shall only be used for the purpose of (a) paying when due MEHC's debt obligations and (b) funding the general corporate purposes and capital requirements of MEHC's regulated subsidiaries. The Berkshire Equity Commitment expires on February 28, 2014.
(2)An inability of financial institutions to honor their commitments could adversely affect the Company's short-term liquidity and ability to meet long-term commitments.

The above table does not include unused revolving credit facilities and letters of credit for investments that are accounted for under the equity method.

In January 2012, MEHC entered into a $500 million revolving loan agreement with a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway that expires June 30, 2012. Refer to Note 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion regarding the Company's credit facilities.

In January 2012, subsidiaries of MEHC acquired ownership interests in two solar projects. Refer to Note 23 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion regarding the Company's equity commitments, letters of credit and other related items.


50



Operating Activities

Operating revenue decreasedNet cash flows from operating activities for the years ended December 31, $168 million2011 and 2010 were $3.220 billion and $2.759 billion, respectively. The increase was primarily due to higher income tax receipts of $270 million mainly attributable to bonus depreciation, improved operating results, changes in collateral posted for derivative contracts and a Kern River customer rate refund in 2010, partially offset by changes in working capital.

Net cash flows from operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 compared were $2.759 billion and $3.572 billion, respectively. The decrease was mainly due to 2008lower income tax receipts of $391 million due to the impacttiming of repairs deductions and bonus depreciation, changes in collateral posted for derivative contracts, $128 million of net cash flows in 2009 related to the Constellation Energy transaction, which is comprised of $536 million of proceeds received from the foreign currency exchangesale of Constellation Energy common stock and $408 million of income taxes paid on gains recognized on the termination of the Constellation Energy merger agreement in December 2008 and the sale of stock in 2009, higher contributions to pension and other postretirement benefit plans and rate totaling $150 million, lower distribution revenuecase refunds paid in 2010 at Kern River.

In September 2010, the President signed the Small Business Jobs Act into law, extending retroactively to January 1, 2010 the 50% bonus depreciation for qualifying property purchased and placed in service in 2010. In December 2010, the President signed the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of $10 million2010 into law, which provided for 100% bonus depreciation for qualifying property purchased and lower contracting revenueplaced in service after September 8, 2010 and prior to January 1, 2012, and extended 50% bonus depreciation for qualifying property purchased and placed in service after December 31, 2010 and prior to January 1, 2013. As a result of $8 million. Distribution revenue decreasedthe new laws, the Company's cash flows from operations benefited in 2011 and are expected to benefit in 2012 due to certain regulatory provisionsbonus depreciation on qualifying assets placed in service.

Investing Activities

Net cash flows from investing activities for the current regulatory period totaling $16 millionyears ended December 31, 2011 and lower units distributed, partially offset by higher tariff rates. Operating income decreased2010 were $120 million(2.816) billion for 2009 compared to 2008and $(2.484) billion, respectively. The change was primarily due to the impacthigher capital expenditures of $91 million, proceeds received from the foreign currency exchange rate on operating income totaling $73 million, a $20 million impairmentsale of certain Australian hydrocarbon exploration and development assets during the second quarter of 2010 totaling $78 million and net proceeds received from the sale of CE Gas (Australia) Limited during the third quarter of 2010 totaling $59 million and higher depreciationinvestments in companies accounted for under the equity method totaling $58 million.

Net cash flows from investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2010 and amortization2009 were $(2.484) billion and $(2.669) billion, respectively. Capital expenditures decreased $820 million. In January 2009, the Company received $1 billion, plus accrued interest, in full satisfaction of the 14% Senior Notes from Constellation Energy. In July 2009, the Company purchased 225 million shares, representing approximately a 10% interest, of BYD Company Limited common stock for $232 million. Additionally, the Company received proceeds from the sales of certain CE Gas assets in 2010 totaling $137 million, partially offset by higher investments in companies accounted for under the equity method totaling $32 million.

Capital Expenditures

Capital expenditures, which exclude amounts for non-cash equity AFUDC and other non-cash items, by reportable segment for the years ended December 31 are summarized as follows (in millions):
 2011 2010 2009
Capital expenditures:     
PacifiCorp$1,506
 $1,607
 $2,328
MidAmerican Funding566
 338
 439
MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group289
 293
 250
Northern Powergrid Holdings309
 349
 387
Other14
 6
 9
Total capital expenditures$2,684
 $2,593
 $3,413


51



The Company's capital expenditures relate primarily to the Utilities and consisted mainly of the following for the years ended December 31:

2011:
The construction of wind-powered generating facilities at MidAmerican Energy totaling $295 million, which excludes $647 million of costs for which payments are due in December 2013. MidAmerican Energy placed in service 594 MW during 2011 and is constructing an additional 407 MW to be placed in service in 2012.
Transmission system investments totaling $240 million, including permitting and right-of-way costs for the 100-mile high-voltage transmission line being built between the Mona substation in central Utah and the Oquirrh substation in the Salt Lake Valley. A 65-mile segment of the Mona to Oquirrh transmission project will be a single-circuit 500-kV transmission line, while the remaining 35-mile segment will be a double-circuit 345-kV transmission line. The transmission line is expected to be placed in service in 2013.
Emissions control equipment on existing generating facilities totaling $217 million for installation or upgrade of sulfur dioxide scrubbers, low nitrogen oxide burners and particulate matter control systems.
The development and construction of the Lake Side 2 637-MW combined-cycle combustion turbine natural gas-fueled generating facility ("Lake Side 2") totaling $180 million, which is expected to be placed in service in 2014.
Distribution, generation, mining and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand totaling $1.140 billion.

2010:
Emissions control equipment totaling $348 million.
Transmission system investments totaling $303 million, including construction costs for the first major segment of the Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Program, a 135-mile, double circuit, 345-kilovolt transmission line between the Populus substation in southern Idaho and the Terminal substation near Salt Lake City, Utah, which was fully placed in-service in 2010.
The development and construction of wind-powered generating facilities totaling $228 million. During 2010, PacifiCorp placed in service a 111 MW wind-powered generating facility, and MidAmerican Energy began contracting for the construction of 594 MW of wind-powered generating projects.
Distribution, generation, mining and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand totaling $1.066 billion.

2009:
Transmission system investments totaling $715 million, including a major segment of the Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Program at PacifiCorp.
Emissions control equipment totaling $372 million.
The development and construction of wind-powered generating facilities totaling $250 million, including 127 MW PacifiCorp placed in service in September 2009 and construction costs for PacifiCorp's 111-MW Dunlap Ranch wind-powered generating facility.
Distribution, generation, mining and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand totaling $1.430 billion.

Additionally, capital expenditures for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 include costs related to Kern River's expansion projects totaling $174 million, $129 million and $65 million, respectively. The 2010 Expansion project was placed in service in April 2010 and added 145,000 Dth per day of capacity. The Apex Expansion project was placed in service in October 2011 and added 266,000 Dth per day of capacity. The remaining amounts are for ongoing investments in distribution and other infrastructure needed at the other platforms to serve existing and expected demand.


52



Financing Activities

Net cash flows from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2011 were $(589) million. Uses of cash totaled $1.924 billion and consisted mainly of $1.548 billion for repayments of subsidiary debt, repayments of MEHC subordinated debt totaling $334 million, including $191 million called and repaid at par value, and net payments to noncontrolling interest totaling $24 million. Sources of cash totaled $1.335 billion and consisted of proceeds from subsidiary debt totaling $790 million and net proceeds from short-term debt totaling $545 million. Debt issuances during the year ended December 31, 2011 included the following:
In May 2011, PacifiCorp issued $400 million of 3.85% First Mortgage Bonds due June 15, 2021. The net proceeds were used to fund capital expenditures, repay short-term debt and for general corporate purposes.
In April 2011, Northern Natural Gas issued $200 million of 4.25% Senior Notes due June 1, 2021. The net proceeds were used to partially repay its $250 million, 7.0% Senior Notes due June 1, 2011.
In January and February 2011, Northern Powergrid (Northeast) Limited issued £119 million of notes with maturity dates ranging from 2018 to 2020 at interest rates ranging from 3.901% to 4.586% under its finance contract with the European Investment Bank.

Net cash flows from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2010 were $(234) million. Uses of cash totaled $614 million and consisted mainly of repayments of MEHC subordinated debt totaling $281 million, including $92 million called and repaid at par value, repayments of subsidiary debt totaling $192 million, net payments to noncontrolling interests totaling $80 million and net purchases of common stock totaling $56 million. Sources of cash totaled $380 million and consisted of proceeds from subsidiary debt totaling $231 million and net proceeds from short-term debt totaling $149 million.

Net cash flows from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2009 were $(758) million. Uses of cash totaled $2.0 billion and consisted mainly of repayments of MEHC subordinated debt totaling $734 million, net repayments of short-term debt totaling $664 million, repayments of subsidiary debt totaling $444 million, net purchases of common stock of $123 million and net payments to noncontrolling interests totaling $19 million. Sources of cash totaled $1.242 billion and consisted of proceeds from the issuance of subsidiary debt totaling $992 million and proceeds from the issuance of MEHC senior debt totaling $250 million.

2012 Long-term Debt Transactions

In February 2012, Topaz issued $850 million of the 5.75% Series A Senior Secured Notes. The principal of the notes amortize beginning September 2015 with a final maturity in September 2039. The net proceeds will be used to fund or reimburse the costs and expenses related to the development, construction and financing of the Topaz Project, including amounts that have been advanced by, or will be advanced by, MEHC for the Topaz Project. Any unused amounts will be invested or, in certain circumstances, loaned to MEHC. Topaz expects to issue approximately $430 million of additional senior secured notes contingent upon certain contractual conditions and market conditions to fund construction costs.

In January 2012, PacifiCorp issued $350 million of its 2.95% First Mortgage Bonds due February 1, 2022 and $300 million of its 4.10% First Mortgage Bonds due February 1, 2042. The net proceeds were used to repay short-term debt, fund capital expenditures and for general corporate purposes.

The Company may from time to time seek to acquire its outstanding debt securities through cash purchases in the open market, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Any debt securities repurchased by the Company may be reissued or resold by the Company from time to time and will depend on prevailing market conditions, the Company's liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material.


53



Future Uses of Cash

The Company has available a variety of sources of liquidity and capital resources, both internal and external, including net cash flows from operating activities, public and private debt offerings, the issuance of commercial paper, the use of unsecured revolving credit facilities, the issuance of equity and other sources. These sources are expected to provide funds required for current operations, capital expenditures, acquisitions, investments, debt retirements and other capital requirements. The availability and terms under which each subsidiary has access to external financing depends on a variety of factors, including its credit ratings, investors' judgment of risk and conditions in the overall capital market, including the condition of the utility industry in general. Additionally, MEHC has the Berkshire Equity Commitment pursuant to which Berkshire Hathaway has agreed to purchase up to $2.0 billion of MEHC's common equity upon any requests authorized from time to time by MEHC's Board of Directors. The Berkshire Equity Commitment expires on February 28, 2014 and may only be used for the purpose of (a) paying when due MEHC's debt obligations and (b) funding the general corporate purposes and capital requirements of MEHC's regulated subsidiaries. Berkshire Hathaway will have up to 180 days to fund any such request in increments of at least $250 million pursuant to one or more drawings authorized by MEHC's Board of Directors. The funding of any such drawing will be made by means of a cash equity contribution to MEHC in exchange for additional shares of MEHC's common stock.

Capital Expenditures

The Company has significant future capital requirements. Capital expenditure needs are reviewed regularly by management and may change significantly as a result of these reviews, which may consider, among other factors, changes in rules and regulations, including environmental and nuclear; outcomes of regulatory proceedings; changes in income tax laws; general business conditions; load projections; system reliability standards; the cost and efficiency of construction labor, equipment and materials; and the cost and availability of capital. Prudently incurred expenditures for compliance-related items, such as pollution-control technologies, replacement generation, nuclear decommissioning, hydroelectric relicensing, hydroelectric decommissioning and associated operating costs are generally incorporated into MEHC's energy subsidiaries' regulated retail rates.

Forecasted capital expenditures, which exclude amounts for non-cash equity AFUDC and other non-cash items, for the years ended December 31 are as follows (in millions):
 2012 2013 2014
Forecasted capital expenditures:
     
Construction and other development projects$2,094
 $2,051
 $1,959
Operating projects1,753
 1,426
 1,638
Total$3,847
 $3,477
 $3,597

Construction and other development projects consist mainly of large scale projects at MidAmerican Renewables and the Utilities.

In January 2012, MEHC acquired Topaz and its 550-MW Topaz Project in California from a subsidiary of First Solar, Inc. ("First Solar"). The Topaz Project is expected to cost approximately $2.44 billion, including all interest during construction, and will be completed in 22 blocks with an aggregate tested capacity of 586 MW. The Topaz Project expects to place 45 MW in service in 2012, 236 MW in service in 2013, 252 MW in service in 2014 and 53 MW in service in 2015. The Topaz Project is being constructed pursuant to a fixed price, date certain, turn-key engineering, procurement and construction contract with a subsidiary of First Solar.

MEHC has committed to provide Topaz with equity to fund the costs of the Topaz Project in an amount up to $2.44 billion less, among other things, the gross proceeds of long-term debt issuances (including the gross proceeds of $850 million of the 5.75% Series A Senior Secured Notes issued by Topaz in February 2012), project revenue prior to completion and the total equity contributions made by MEHC or its subsidiaries. If MEHC does not maintain a minimum credit rating from two of the following three rating agencies of at least BBB- from Standard & Poor's Ratings Services or Fitch Ratings or Baa3 from Moody's Investors Service, MEHC's obligations under the equity commitment agreement would be supported by cash collateral or a letter of credit issued by a financial institution that meets certain minimum criteria specified in the financing documents. Upon reaching the final commercial operation date of the Topaz Project, MEHC will have no further obligation to make any equity contribution and any unused equity contribution obligations will be canceled.

The Utilities anticipate costs for emissions control equipment will total $1.361 billion between 2012 and 2014, which includes equipment to meet anticipated air quality and visibility targets, including the reduction of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions. This estimate includes the installation of new or the replacement of existing emissions control equipment at a number of units at several of the Utilities coal-fueled generating facilities.


54



PacifiCorp anticipates costs for transmission projects will total $1.205 billion between 2012 and 2014. The costs include PacifiCorp's Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Program totaling $905 million, including the following estimated costs:
$245 million for the 100-mile high-voltage transmission line being built between the Mona substation in central Utah and the Oquirrh substation in the Salt Lake Valley. A 65-mile segment of the Mona to Oquirrh transmission project will be a single-circuit 500-kV transmission line, while the remaining 35-mile segment will be a double-circuit 345-kV transmission line. The project is estimated to cost $374 million and is expected to be placed in service in 2013.
$288 million for the 160-mile single-circuit 345-kV transmission line being built between the Sigurd Substation in central Utah and the Red Butte Substation in southwest Utah. The Sigurd to Red Butte project is estimated to cost $380 million and is expected to be placed in service in 2015.
$372 million for other segments associated with the Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Program that are expected to be placed in service through 2021, depending on siting, permitting and construction schedules.

PacifiCorp anticipates costs for additional natural gas-fueled generating facilities will total $893 million between 2012 and 2014, which includes the construction of the Lake Side 2 natural gas-fueled generating facility that is expected to be placed in service in 2014, and the initial development and construction of another combined-cycle combustion turbine natural gas-fueled generating facility planned to be placed in service in 2016.

MidAmerican Energy is constructing 407 MW (nominal ratings) of wind-powered generation that it expects to place in service in 2012. Total costs are estimated to be $680 million, with the payment of over half of those costs deferred until the fourth quarter of 2015.

MidAmerican Renewables anticipates costs for the Bishop Hill II Project, an 81 MW wind-powered generating facility, will total $164 million in 2012. The Bishop Hill II Project is expected to be placed in service in 2012. Definitive agreements have been executed, subject to customary closing conditions, and the acquisition is expected to close in March 2012.

In December 2011, MidAmerican Energy received approval from the MISO for several MVPs located in Iowa and Illinois totaling approximately $550 million in capital expenditures, the bulk of which will be incurred in 2014-2017. As of December 31, 2011, MidAmerican Energy had not contractually committed to material amounts for these projects.

Separately, in July 2011, the FERC issued Order No. 1000, which addresses transmission planning and cost allocation issues. Among other things, Order No. 1000 removes the federal right of first refusal for certain new transmission investments approved by the MISO following its compliance filing with the FERC. MidAmerican Energy believes its approved MVPs are not subject to the loss of right of first refusal unless the projects are re-evaluated and changed under a three-year review process required by the FERC. MidAmerican Energy continues to actively review other impacts of Order No. 1000.

Capital expenditures related to operating projects consist of routine expenditures for distribution, generation, mining and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand.

Equity Investments

ETT, a company owned equally by subsidiaries of American Electric Power Company, Inc. and MEHC, owns and operates electric transmission assets in the ERCOT. In order to fund ETT's ongoing transmission investment, MEHC expects to make equity contributions to ETT during 2012, 2013 and 2014 of $107 million, $58 million and $4 million, respectively.

In January 2012, MEHC, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired from NRG Energy, Inc. a 49 percent interest in Agua Caliente, the owner of the 290-MW Agua Caliente Project in Arizona. The Agua Caliente Project is expected to costs approximately $1.8 billion and will be completed in 12 blocks with an aggregate tested capacity of 310 MW. The first 30-MW block of the Agua Caliente Project was placed in service in January 2012 and the Agua Caliente Project expects to place 112 additional MW in service in 2012, 136 MW in service in 2013 and 32 MW in service in 2014. The project is being constructed pursuant to a fixed price, date certain, turn-key engineering, procurement and construction contract with a subsidiary of First Solar. Construction costs are expected to be funded with equity contributions from MEHC and NRG Energy, Inc. and proceeds from a $967 million secured loan maturing in 2037 from an agency of the United States government as part of the United States Department of Energy loan guarantee program. Funding requests are submitted on a monthly basis and the approved loans accrue interest at a fixed rate based on the current average yield of comparable maturity United States Treasury rates plus a spread of 0.375%.


55



Pursuant to an equity funding and contribution agreement, MEHC has committed to provide Agua Caliente with funding for (a) base equity contributions of up to an aggregate amount of $303 million for the construction of the project, and (b) transmission upgrade costs. In January 2012, MEHC entered into a $303 million letter of credit facility related to its funding commitments. The equity funding and contribution agreement and the letter of credit commitment decreases as equity is contributed to the Agua Caliente Project.

Contractual Obligations
The Company has contractual cash obligations that may affect its consolidated financial condition. The following table summarizes the Company's material contractual cash obligations as of December 31, 2011 (in millions):
  Payments Due By Periods
    2013- 2015- 2017 and  
  2012 2014 2016 After Total
           
MEHC senior debt $742
 $250
 $
 $4,375
 $5,367
MEHC subordinated debt 22
 
 
 
 22
Subsidiary debt 434
 2,043
 663
 10,526
 13,666
Interest payments on long-term debt(1)
 1,073
 1,951
 1,809
 12,060
 16,893
Short-term debt 865
 
 
 
 865
Coal, electricity and natural gas contract commitments(1)
 1,389
 1,958
 1,261
 3,621
 8,229
Construction commitments(1)
 757
 466
 442
 52
 1,717
Operating leases and easements(1)
 89
 127
 71
 366
 653
Maintenance, service and other contracts(1)
 192
 172
 51
 142
 557
Total contractual cash obligations $5,563
 $6,967
 $4,297
 $31,142
 $47,969

(1)Not reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company has other types of commitments that arise primarily from unused lines of credit, letters of credit or relate to construction and other development costs (Liquidity and Capital Resources included within this Item 7), asset retirement obligations (Note 13) and uncertain tax positions (Note 15) which have not been included in the above table because the amount and timing of the cash payments are not certain. Additionally, refer to Note 23 for commitments that arose subsequent to December 31, 2011 and that are not included in the above table. Refer, where applicable, to the respective referenced note in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information.


56



Regulatory Matters

MEHC's regulated subsidiaries and certain affiliates are subject to comprehensive regulation. In addition to the discussion contained herein regarding regulatory matters, refer to Item 1 of this Form 10-K for further discussion regarding the general regulatory framework at MEHC's regulated subsidiaries.

PacifiCorp

Utah

In March 2009, PacifiCorp filed for an ECAM with the UPSC. The filing recommended that the UPSC adopt the mechanism to recover the difference between base net power costs set in the next Utah general rate case and actual net power costs. In July 2010, the UPSC issued an order approving a stipulation that would establish deferred accounts for both net power costs and REC revenues in excess of the levels currently included in rates, subject to the UPSC's final determination of the ratemaking treatment of the deferrals. In December 2010, the UPSC approved a separate stipulation that provided a $3 million monthly credit to customers effective January 1, 2011 to be applied toward the UPSC's final decision. In March 2011, the UPSC issued its final order approving the use of an EBA in Utah to begin at the conclusion of the general rate case described below. Under the EBA, which has been established as a four year pilot program, 70% of any difference between actual net power costs incurred and the amount of net power costs recovered through base rates are deferred during the calendar year. PacifiCorp must then file by March 15 of the following year to initiate collection or refund of the deferred balance. In April 2011, PacifiCorp filed a petition with the UPSC for clarification and reconsideration of certain aspects of the EBA order, including reconsideration of the UPSC's decision to exclude financial swaps from the EBA, which was granted in May 2011.

In January 2011, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the UPSC requesting a rate increase of $232 million, or an average price increase of 14%. In June 2011, PacifiCorp filed its rebuttal testimony with the UPSC reducing the requested rate increase to $188 million, or an average price increase of 11%. In July 2011, PacifiCorp filed a settlement with the UPSC, which was approved by the UPSC in August 2011 and resulted in a $117 million rate increase, or an average price increase of 7% effective September 21, 2011. The settlement resolved all major dockets outstanding before the UPSC. Under the terms of the settlement, financial swaps are included in the EBA and a collaborative process with Utah stakeholders may result in future modifications to PacifiCorp's risk management and hedging policies. The settlement also concluded the ratemaking treatment of deferred accounts for net power costs and estimated sales of RECs in excess of the levels included in rates since the 2009 general rate case. The settlement provides for $60 million of net power costs in excess of amounts included in base rates to be recovered from Utah customers over a three-year period beginning June 1, 2012, without carrying charges. The settlement also provides for a $33 million credit to customers related to sales of RECs that substantially occurred in prior years and that will be credited to Utah customers over a period of approximately nine months beginning September 21, 2011, plus carrying charges. The settlement also establishes a balancing account for prospective REC sales. The settlement stipulation defers decisions regarding the ratemaking treatment associated with the Klamath hydroelectric system's four mainstem dams and relicensing and settlement costs as described in Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

In November 2011, PacifiCorp filed with the UPSC to decrease its DSM cost recovery tariff in Utah by 1% of a customer's eligible monthly charges. In January 2012, the UPSC approved an all-party stipulation to reduce the DSM surcharge by 0.4% effective February 1, 2012. In addition, approximately $5 million will be credited to customers over a one-year period beginning June 1, 2012.

In February 2012, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the UPSC requesting a rate increase of $172 million, or an average price increase of 10%.

Oregon

In March 2011, PacifiCorp made its initial filing for the annual TAM with the OPUC for an annual increase of $62 million to recover the anticipated net power costs forecasted for calendar year 2012. In July 2011, PacifiCorp filed updated net power costs, reflecting an increase in the overall request to $63 million. In August 2011, PacifiCorp filed its surrebuttal testimony in the TAM proceeding decreasing the overall request to $59 million due to a reduction in forecasted net power costs. In September 2011, PacifiCorp reached a settlement with several parties, including the OPUC staff, to reduce the requested increase to $51 million, or an average price increase of 4%, subject to final net power cost updates in November 2011. In November 2011, the OPUC approved the overall rate increase of $51 million, or an average price increase of 4%. The new rates were effective January 1, 2012.


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In October 2010, PacifiCorp filed its 2009 tax report under SB 408. In January 2011, PacifiCorp entered into a stipulation with the OPUC staff and the Citizens' Utility Board of Oregon, whereby PacifiCorp, the OPUC staff and the Citizens' Utility Board of Oregon agreed to a surcharge of $13 million, plus interest. In April 2011, the OPUC issued an order adopting the stipulation without significant modification. The $13 million, plus interest, was recorded in earnings in the second quarter of 2011 and is being collected over a one-year period that began in June 2011.

In May 2011, Oregon Senate Bill 967 ("SB 967") was enacted into law. SB 967 repealed and replaced SB 408, and as a result, PacifiCorp will no longer be required to file tax reports under SB 408. Among other matters, SB 967 directs the OPUC to consider the income tax component of rates when conducting ratemaking proceedings. The enactment of SB 967 did not impact PacifiCorp's consolidated financial results.

Wyoming

In April 2010, PacifiCorp filed an application with the WPSC requesting approval of a new ECAM to replace the existing PCAM. The PCAM concluded with the final deferral of net power costs in November 2010 and collection through March 2012. In February 2011, the WPSC issued an order approving an ECAM effective December 1, 2010, under which 70% of any difference between actual net power costs incurred and the amount of net power costs recovered through base rates, subject to certain other adjustments, are deferred as incurred during the calendar year. PacifiCorp must then file by March 15 of the following year to initiate collection or refund of the deferred balance beginning June 1.

In November 2010, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WPSC requesting a rate increase of $98 million, or an average price increase of 17%. In May 2011, PacifiCorp filed its rebuttal testimony with the WPSC reducing the requested rate increase to $80 million. In June 2011, the WPSC approved a multi-party stipulation resulting in an annual rate increase of $62 million, or an average price increase of 11%. The stipulation also established a surcredit and a balancing account to pass on to or collect from customers any difference between the amount of the REC sales established in the surcredit and actual REC sales. The surcredit will be established annually based on PacifiCorp's forecasted REC sales, and the difference between the surcredit and actual REC sales will be tracked in the balancing account. For 2011, the surcredit was set at $17 million, or a 3% reduction. The rates were effective September 22, 2011.

In February 2011, PacifiCorp filed its final PCAM application with the WPSC requesting recovery of $16 million in deferred net power costs over the 12-month period ending March 31, 2012. PacifiCorp requested and received approval from the WPSC to implement an $11 million interim rate increase over the $5 million reflected in the tariff to be effective from April 1, 2011 until the WPSC issues a final order. In September 2011, PacifiCorp reached an agreement with intervening parties and filed a stipulation with the WPSC to recover $14 million in deferred net power costs. In October 2011, the WPSC approved the stipulation with an effective date of November 1, 2011.

In December 2011, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WPSC requesting an annual increase of $63 million, or an average price increase of 10%. If approved by the WPSC, the new rates are expected to be effective October 9, 2012.

Washington

In May 2010, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WUTC requesting an annual increase of $57 million, or an average price increase of 21%. In November 2010, the requested annual increase was reduced to $49 million, or an average price increase of 18%. In March 2011, the WUTC issued a final order and clarification letter approving an annual increase of $33 million, or an average price increase of 12%, reduced in the first year by a customer bill credit of $5 million, or 2%, related to the sale of RECs expected during the twelve-month period ended March 31, 2012, as well as requiring PacifiCorp to submit additional information to the WUTC regarding the sales of RECs. The new rates were effective in April 2011. Although both PacifiCorp and the WUTC staff filed petitions for reconsideration of various items on the final order, the WUTC denied the petitions for reconsideration. In May 2011 PacifiCorp submitted to the WUTC the additional information required by the March 2011 order regarding PacifiCorp's proceeds from sales of RECs for the period January 1, 2009 forward and a detailed proposal for a tracking mechanism for proceeds of RECs. Intervening parties and WUTC staff are proposing that PacifiCorp refund to customers the amount of REC sales in excess of the amount included in base rates since January 1, 2009. Initial and reply briefs from all parties were filed in November 2011. Oral arguments were held before the WUTC in January 2012, and an order is expected during the first quarter of 2012.

In July 2011, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WUTC requesting an annual increase of $13 million, or an average price increase of 4%, with an effective date no later than June 1, 2012. In February 2012, the parties to the proceeding filed a settlement agreement with the WUTC reflecting an annual increase of $5 million, or an average price increase of 2%. A hearing on the settlement agreement is scheduled for March 2012.


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Idaho

In May 2010, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the IPUC requesting an annual increase of $28 million, or an average price increase of 14%. In November 2010, the requested annual increase was reduced to $25 million, or an average price increase of 12%. In December 2010, the IPUC issued an interim order approving an annual increase of $14 million, or an average price increase of 7% with an effective date of December 28, 2010. In February 2011, the IPUC issued its final order with no revisions to the December 2010 increase. In March 2011, PacifiCorp petitioned the IPUC seeking reconsideration or rehearing on certain aspects of the order, including the IPUC's conclusion that 27% of PacifiCorp's Populus to Terminal transmission line investment is not currently used and useful and should be carried as plant held for future use. The Idaho-allocated share of 27% of the investment is approximately $13 million. In April 2011, the IPUC issued an order, accepting in part and rejecting in part, PacifiCorp's motion for reconsideration, resulting in no significant changes to the IPUC's initial order. In May 2011, PacifiCorp filed an appeal of the Populus to Terminal decision to the Idaho Supreme Court requesting a determination on the legality of the IPUC's decision to exclude 27% of the Populus to Terminal line as a result of its conclusion that the line is not fully used and useful. As a result of the general rate case settlement process discussed below, PacifiCorp joined in a motion filed with the Idaho Supreme Court in October 2011, to stay the procedural schedule associated with the appeal until January 30, 2012, and the lower distribution revenue.Idaho Supreme Court granted the motion. The matter was settled in the general rate case described below and the appeal was dismissed.

In May 2011, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the IPUC requesting an annual increase of $33 million, or an average price increase of 15%. In October 2011, a settlement was reached with the majority of parties in the case providing for a two-year agreement to increase rates by $17 million each year effective January 1, 2012 and January 1, 2013, representing average price increases of 8% and 7%, respectively. The settlement also resolved the dispute over the 27% of PacifiCorp's Populus to Terminal investment, providing for recovery of PacifiCorp's investment beginning on or after January 1, 2014. In January 2012, PacifiCorp received an order from the IPUC approving the settlement.

In February 2011, PacifiCorp filed an ECAM application with the IPUC requesting recovery of $13 million in deferred net power costs. In March 2011, the IPUC issued an order approving recovery of $10 million beginning April 1, 2011 and the remaining $3 million beginning in 2012.

In February 2012, PacifiCorp filed an ECAM application with the IPUC requesting recovery of $18 million in deferred net power costs through an increase to the current ECAM surcharge rate established in 2011. If approved, the new rates will be effective April 1, 2012.

MidAmerican Energy

On February 21, 2012, MidAmerican Energy filed an application with the IUB for an interim and final increase in Iowa retail electric rates in the form of two adjustment clauses to be added to customers' bills. The requested adjustment clauses and a modification to current revenue sharing provisions are consistent with a November 2011 settlement agreement between MidAmerican Energy and the OCA, in which the parties agree to support the proposed changes. The adjustment clauses would recover anticipated increases in retail coal and coal transportation costs and environmental control expenditures subject to an aggregate maximum of $39 million, or 3.4%, for 2012 and an additional $37 million for an aggregate maximum of $76 million for 2013, or a 3.2% increase from 2012. The requested modification to the existing revenue sharing provisions provides for MidAmerican Energy to share with its customers 20% of revenue associated with Iowa electric returns on equity between 10% and 10.5%, 50% of revenue associated with Iowa electric returns on equity between 10.5% and 11.75%, 75% of revenue associated with Iowa electric returns on equity between 11.75% and 13.0% and 83.3% of revenue associated with Iowa electric returns on equity above 13.0%. Such shared amounts would reduce MidAmerican Energy's investment in the Walter Scott, Jr. Energy Center Unit 4. There would be no revenue sharing for Iowa electric returns on equity below 10%. Pursuant to the settlement agreement, MidAmerican Energy is not precluded from seeking interim rate relief in 2013.

Kern River

In December 2009, the FERC issued an order establishing revised rates for the period of Kern River's current long-term contracts ("Period One rates") and required that rates be established based on a levelized rate design for eligible customers to elect to take service following the expiration of their current contracts ("Period Two rates"). The FERC set all other issues related to Period Two rates for hearing. In November 2010, the FERC issued an order that denied all requests for rehearing related to Period One rates from the FERC's December 2009 order and established that Kern River is entitled to base its Period Two rates on a 100% equity capital structure. In January 2011, Kern River filed a motion for clarification on certain depreciation issues with the FERC.


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In July 2011, the FERC issued its order substantially adopting the presiding administrative law judge's initial decision issued in April 2011 regarding Kern River's Period Two rates. According to the decisions, Period Two rates should be based on a return on equity of 11.55%, a capital structure of 100% and a levelization period that coincides with a contract length of 10 or 15 years. Kern River has a regulatory asset approved by the FERC associated with compressor engines and general plant replacements that can be recovered in a future rate case and was not incorporated into Period Two rates at this time. Kern River, as well as others, requested rehearing and clarification of the FERC's July 2011 order on a majority of the issues. Kern River filed tariffs in compliance with the FERC's order in August 2011 and, following an order on compliance, again in September 2011. In late September 2011, the FERC issued a second order on compliance, accepting Kern River's tariff filing. The FERC has not yet responded to the requests for rehearing and clarification of the July 2011 order.

ETT

In December 2011, ETT filed its second Interim Transmission Cost of Service ("TCOS") of 2011 at the PUCT. The application was based on a test year ending October 31, 2011. The filing requested an increase in total transmission invested capital of $82 million and a total revenue requirement increase of $11 million. In January 2012, the PUCT staff recommended approval of ETT's second interim TCOS filing of 2011. ETT, along with PUCT staff, filed a joint proposed notice of approval. On January 31, 2012, the administrative law judge signed the final order making the new rates effective.

Environmental Laws and Regulations

The Company is subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations regarding air and water quality, RPS, emissions performance standards, climate change, coal combustion byproduct disposal, hazardous and solid waste disposal, protected species and other environmental matters that have the potential to impact the Company's current and future operations. In addition to imposing continuing compliance obligations, these laws and regulations provide regulators with the authority to levy substantial penalties for noncompliance including fines, injunctive relief and other sanctions. These laws and regulations are administered by the EPA and various other state, local and international agencies. All such laws and regulations are subject to a range of interpretation, which may ultimately be resolved by the courts. Environmental laws and regulations continue to evolve, and the Company is unable to predict the impact of the changing laws and regulations on its operations and consolidated financial results. The Company believes it is in material compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Refer to "Liquidity and Capital Resources" for discussion of the Company's forecasted environmental-related capital expenditures.

Clean Air Standards

The Clean Air Act is a federal law administered by the EPA that provides a framework for protecting and improving the nation's air quality and controlling sources of air emissions. The implementation of new standards is generally outlined in SIPs, which are a collection of regulations, programs and policies to be followed. SIPs vary by state and are subject to public hearings and EPA approval. Some states may adopt additional or more stringent requirements than those implemented by the EPA. The major Clean Air Act programs most directly affecting the Company's operations, are described below.

National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Under the authority of the Clean Air Act, the EPA sets minimum national ambient air quality standards for six principal pollutants, consisting of carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, ozone and sulfur dioxide, considered harmful to public health and the environment. Areas that achieve the standards, as determined by ambient air quality monitoring, are characterized as being in attainment, while those that fail to meet the standards are designated as being nonattainment areas. Generally, sources of emissions in a nonattainment area that are determined to contribute to the nonattainment are required to reduce emissions. Most air quality standards require measurement over a defined period of time to determine the average concentration of the pollutant present. Currently, air quality monitoring data indicates that all counties where MidAmerican Energy's major emission sources are located are in attainment of the current national ambient air quality standards.

In December 2009, the EPA designated the Utah counties of Davis and Salt Lake, as well as portions of Box Elder, Cache, Tooele, Utah and Weber counties, to be in nonattainment of the fine particulate matter standard. This designation has the potential to impact PacifiCorp's Lake Side and Gadsby generating facilities, depending on the requirements to be established in the Utah SIP. The impact, if any, on PacifiCorp's generating facilities is not anticipated to be significant.


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In January 2010, the EPA proposed a rule to strengthen the national ambient air quality standard for ground level ozone. The proposed rule arose out of legal challenges claiming that a March 2008 rule that reduced the standard from 80 parts per billion to 75 parts per billion was not strict enough. The new rule proposed a standard between 60 and 70 parts per billion. In September 2011, the President requested that the EPA withdraw the proposed ozone standard and allow the review of the standards to proceed through the regularly scheduled review in 2013. The EPA is, therefore, proceeding with implementation of the March 2008 ozone standards and, in December 2011, issued its response to states' recommendations on area attainment designations. Part of the EPA's response recommended that the Upper Green River Basin Area in Wyoming, including all of Sublette and portions of Lincoln and Sweetwater Counties, be designated as nonattainment for the March 2008 ozone standard. While PacifiCorp's Jim Bridger plant is located in Sweetwater County, it is not in the portion proposed for designation as nonattainment and is not expected to be impacted by the proposed designation. The EPA also published a proposed consent decree in the Federal Register in December 2011, requiring it to sign final designations for the March 2008 ozone standard by May 31, 2012.

In January 2010, the EPA finalized a one-hour air quality standard for nitrogen dioxide at 0.10 part per million. The EPA published final designations that are effective February 29, 2012, indicating that based on air quality monitoring data, all areas of the country are designated as "unclassifiable/attainment" for the 2010 nitrogen dioxide national ambient air quality standard.

In June 2010, the EPA finalized a new national ambient air quality standard for sulfur dioxide. Under the new rule, the existing 24-hour and annual standards for sulfur dioxide, which were 140 parts per billion measured over 24 hours and 30 parts per billion measured over an entire year, were replaced with a new one-hour standard of 75 parts per billion. The new rule will utilize a three-year average to determine attainment. The rule will utilize source modeling, in addition to the installation of ambient monitors where sulfur dioxide emissions impact populated areas, with new monitors required to be placed in service no later than January 2013. Attainment designations are due by June 2012, with SIPs due by 2014 and final attainment demonstrations by August 2017.

As new, more stringent standards are adopted, the number of counties designated as nonattainment areas is likely to increase. Businesses operating in newly designated nonattainment counties could face increased regulation and costs to monitor or reduce emissions. For instance, existing major emissions sources may have to install reasonably available control technologies to achieve certain reductions in emissions and undertake additional monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting. The construction or modification of facilities that are sources of emissions could become more difficult in nonattainment areas. Until additional monitoring and modeling is conducted, the impacts on the Company cannot be determined.

Mercury and Air Toxics Standards

The Clean Air Mercury Rule ("CAMR"), issued by the EPA in March 2005, was the United States' first attempt to regulate mercury emissions from coal-fueled generating facilities through the use of a market-based cap-and-trade system. The CAMR, which mandated emissions reductions of approximately 70% by 2018, was overturned by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ("D.C. Circuit") in February 2008. In March 2011, the EPA proposed a new rule that would require coal-fueled generating facilities to reduce mercury emissions and other hazardous air pollutants through the establishment of "Maximum Achievable Control Technology" standards rather than a cap-and-trade system. The final rule, MATS, was released by the EPA in December 2011 and published in the Federal Register on February 16, 2012, and requires that new and existing coal-fueled facilities achieve emission standards for mercury, acid gases and other non-mercury hazardous air pollutants. Existing sources are required to comply with the new standards within three years after the rule is final, with individual sources granted an additional year to complete installation of controls if approved by the permitting authority. While the final MATS continues to be reviewed by the Company, the Company believes that its emissions reduction projects completed to date or currently permitted or planned for installation, including scrubbers, baghouses and electrostatic precipitators are consistent with the EPA's MATS and will support the Company's ability to comply with the final rule's standards for acid gases and non-mercury metallic hazardous air pollutants. The Company will be required to take additional actions to reduce mercury emissions through the installation of controls or use of sorbent injection at certain of its coal-fueled generating facilities and otherwise comply with the final rule's standards. The Company is evaluating whether or not to close certain units. Incremental costs to install and maintain mercury emissions control equipment at the Company's coal-fueled generating facilities and any requirements to shut down generating facilities will increase the cost of providing service to customers.
 

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Clean Air Interstate Rule, Clean Air Transport Rule and Cross-State Air Pollution Rule

The EPA promulgated the CAIR in March 2005 to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, precursors of ozone and particulate matter, from down-wind sources. The CAIR required states in the eastern United States, including Iowa, to reduce emissions by implementing a plan based on a market-based cap-and-trade system, emissions reductions, or both. The CAIR created separate trading programs for nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emissions credits. The nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emissions reductions were planned to be accomplished in two phases, in 2009-2010 and 2015.

In July 2008, a three-judge panel of the D.C. Circuit issued a unanimous decision vacating the CAIR. In December 2008, the D.C. Circuit issued an opinion remanding, without vacating, the CAIR back to the EPA to conduct proceedings to fix the flaws in CAIR consistent with the D.C. Circuit's July 2008 ruling.

In July 2010, the EPA proposed the Clean Air Transport Rule ("Transport Rule"), a replacement of the CAIR, which required electric generating units in 31 states and the District of Columbia to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide on a state-by-state basis in accordance with each state's modeled contribution to nonattainment of the ozone and fine particulate standards in downwind states. The emissions reductions required under the Transport Rule were intended only to resolve transported emissions and not to resolve air quality issues in the states where the generation is located. The Transport Rule's emissions reduction requirements were proposed to take place in two phases, with the first phase beginning in 2012 and the second phase beginning in 2014. By 2014, the Transport Rule and other state and EPA actions would reduce power plant nitrogen oxides emissions by 52% and sulfur dioxide emissions by 71% from 2005 levels in covered states. The EPA proposed to administer separate trading programs for nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide credits under the Transport Rule. Facilities were required to comply with the CAIR until the Transport Rule became effective.

In July 2011, the EPA issued the final Transport Rule, renamed the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule ("CSAPR"), to address interstate transport of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions in 27 eastern and Midwestern states. Upon full implementation in 2014, the CSAPR will reduce total sulfur dioxide emissions by 73% and nitrogen oxides emissions by 54% at electric generating facilities in the 27-state region as compared to 2005 levels. MidAmerican Energy's coal-fueled generating facilities in Iowa are impacted by and required to make emissions reductions and otherwise comply with the CSAPR. In addition to issuing the final rule, the EPA issued a supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking to include Iowa and five other states in the ozone season nitrogen oxides emissions reduction requirements. The ozone season supplemental proposal was finalized in December 2011, and includes Iowa and four other states in the CSAPR ozone season nitrogen oxide emission reduction requirements. While MidAmerican Energy operates natural gas-fueled generating facilities in Iowa and MidAmerican Renewables operates natural gas-fueled generating facilities within the states of Illinois, Texas and New York, which are in the CSAPR region, no significant impact is expected on those generating facilities.

In December 2011, the D.C. Circuit issued a stay on the implementation of the CSAPR pending consideration of several petitions for review before the court. The court held that the CAIR should be administered pending the resolution of the pending petitions for review.

MidAmerican Energy is currently complying with the CAIR and has installed or is in the process of installing emissions controls at some of its generating facilities to comply with the CAIR and may purchase nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emissions credits for emissions in excess of allocated allowances. The cost of these credits is subject to market conditions at the time of purchase and historically has not been material. The full impact of the CSAPR, or the CAIR, cannot be determined until the outcome of the litigation pending in the D.C. Circuit or the stay of the CSAPR is lifted. It is possible that the existing CAIR or the CSAPR may be replaced with more stringent requirements to reduce nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emissions and that these requirements could be extended to the western United States through regulation or legislation such as a multi-pollutant emissions reduction bill.

MidAmerican Renewables' natural gas generating facilities in Texas, Illinois and New York are also subject to the CAIR until the CSAPR is adopted. However, the provisions are not anticipated to have a material impact on the Company. PacifiCorp's generating facilities are not subject to the CAIR or the CSAPR.

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Regional Haze

The EPA has initiated a regional haze program intended to improve visibility in designated federally protected areas ("Class I areas"). Some of PacifiCorp's coal-fueled generating facilities in Utah and Wyoming and MidAmerican Energy's coal-fueled generating facilities meet the threshold applicability criteria to be eligible units under the Clean Air Visibility Rules. In accordance with the federal requirements, states were required to submit SIPs by December 2007 to demonstrate reasonable progress towards achieving natural visibility conditions in Class I areas by requiring emissions controls, known as best available retrofit technology, on sources constructed between 1962 and 1977 with emissions that are anticipated to cause or contribute to impairment of visibility. Utah submitted its most recent regional haze SIP amendments in 2011 and suggested that the emissions reduction projects planned by PacifiCorp are sufficient to meet its initial emissions reduction requirements. In September 2011, the Company received a Section 114 request for information from the EPA Region VIII requiring the Company to submit a five-factor best available retrofit technology analysis for PacifiCorp's Hunter Units 1 and 2 and the Huntington generating facility in Utah within 30 days based on the EPA's assertion that Utah failed to submit such an analysis. The Company responded to the request in November 2011 and indicated it would work with the Utah Division of Air Quality to complete the requested analysis which, based on a schedule proposed by Utah to the EPA, will be part of a process to conclude with a submittal to the EPA in February 2013. Wyoming submitted its regional haze SIP to the EPA in January 2011. The EPA is currently under a consent decree to issue a proposed decision on the Wyoming SIP by May 15, 2012, and a final decision by October 15, 2012. PacifiCorp believes that its planned emissions reduction projects will satisfy the regional haze requirements in Utah and Wyoming. It is possible that additional controls may be required after the respective SIPs have been considered by the EPA or that the timing of installation of planned controls could change.

The EPA's rejection of regional haze SIPs based on the state's selection of less stringent controls than the EPA believes are warranted has resulted in lawsuits being filed by states and affected entities. Cases are pending before the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals by New Mexico and Oklahoma and additional cases are likely to be filed.

In December 2011, the EPA proposed to accept the emission reductions made by states impacted by the CSAPR, including Iowa, as meeting the requirements of the regional haze program. If the EPA finalizes the proposal, no further emission reductions are expected from MidAmerican Energy's coal-fueled generating facilities for purposes of meeting the regional haze requirements.

New Source Review

Under existing New Source Review ("NSR") provisions of the Clean Air Act, any facility that emits regulated pollutants is required to obtain a permit from the EPA or a state regulatory agency prior to (a) beginning construction of a new major stationary source of a regulated pollutant or (b) making a physical or operational change to an existing stationary source of such pollutants that increases certain levels of emissions, unless the changes are exempt under the regulations (including routine maintenance, repair and replacement of equipment). In general, projects subject to NSR regulations require pre-construction review and permitting under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration ("PSD") provisions of the Clean Air Act. Under the PSD program, a project that emits threshold levels of regulated pollutants must undergo an analysis to determine the best available control technology and evaluate the most effective emissions controls after consideration of a number of factors. Violations of NSR regulations, which may be alleged by the EPA, states, environmental groups and others, potentially subject a company to material fines and other sanctions and remedies, including installation of enhanced pollution controls and funding of supplemental environmental projects.

Numerous changes have been proposed to the NSR rules and regulations over the last several years. In addition to the proposed changes, differing interpretations by the EPA and the courts create risk and uncertainty for entities when seeking permits for new projects and installing emissions controls at existing facilities under NSR requirements. The Company monitors these changes and interpretations to ensure permitting activities are conducted in accordance with the applicable requirements.

As part of an industry-wide investigation to assess compliance with the NSR and PSD provisions, the EPA has requested information and supporting documentation from numerous utilities regarding their capital projects for various coal-fueled generating facilities. A NSR enforcement case against an unrelated utility has been decided by the United States Supreme Court, holding that an increase in the annual emissions of a generating facility, when combined with a modification (i.e., a physical or operational change), may trigger NSR permitting. Between 2001 and 2003, PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy responded to requests for information relating to their capital projects at their coal-fueled generating facilities. PacifiCorp engaged in periodic discussions with the EPA over several years regarding PacifiCorp's historical projects and their compliance with NSR and PSD provisions. In September 2011, PacifiCorp received a letter from the EPA concluding these discussions. PacifiCorp cannot predict the next steps in this process and could be required to install additional emissions controls and incur additional costs and penalties in the event it is determined that PacifiCorp's historical projects did not meet all regulatory requirements.


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In October 2011, MidAmerican Energy received a request from the EPA Region VII pursuant to Section 114 of the Clean Air Act for information on its coal-fueled generating facilities to supplement the requests made in 2002 and 2003. MidAmerican Energy submitted its response to the October 2011 request in December 2011. MidAmerican Energy cannot predict the outcome of this matter at this time.

Climate Change

In April 2011, the United States House of Representatives voted 255-177 on a bill (H.R. 910) that would prevent the EPA from regulating GHG emissions. No action has been taken by the Senate on the bill. While significant measures to regulate GHG emissions at the federal level were considered by the United States Congress in 2010, comprehensive climate change legislation has not been adopted. International discussions regarding climate change continue to be held periodically, but agreement has not been reached on how nations will address future climate change commitments upon the expiration of the Kyoto Protocol in December 2012.

In December 2009, the EPA published its findings that GHG threaten the public health and welfare and is pursuing regulation of GHG emissions under the Clean Air Act. Additionally, in May 2010, the EPA issued the GHG "Tailoring Rule" to address permitting requirements for GHG after determining that GHG are subject to regulation and would trigger Clean Air Act permitting requirements for stationary sources beginning in January 2011. Numerous lawsuits have been filed on both the EPA's endangerment finding and the tailoring rule and are pending in the D.C. Circuit with arguments scheduled to take place in February 2012.

While the debate continues at the federal and international level over the direction of climate change policy, several states have developed or are developing state-specific laws or regional initiatives to report or mitigate GHG emissions. In addition, governmental, non-governmental and environmental organizations have become more active in pursuing climate change related litigation under existing laws.

California mandatory GHG reporting requirements began with 2008 emissions and PacifiCorp has reported its GHG emissions annually since their inception. In September 2009, the EPA issued its final rule regarding mandatory reporting of GHG ("GHG Reporting") beginning January 1, 2010. Under GHG Reporting, suppliers of fossil fuels, manufacturers of vehicles and engines, and facilities that emit 25,000 metric tons or more per year of GHG are required to submit annual reports to the EPA. PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy and MidAmerican Renewables are subject to this requirement and submitted their first reports prior to September 30, 2011. Northern Natural Gas and Kern River reported their combustion-related GHG emissions prior to September 30, 2011, and are required to report their GHG emissions from equipment leaks and venting by September 28, 2012. The EPA released the 2010 GHG emissions reports in January 2012.

In the absence of comprehensive climate legislation or regulation, the Company has continued to invest in lower- and non-carbon generating resources and to operate in an environmentally responsible manner. Examples of the Company's significant investments in programs and facilities that will mitigate its GHG emissions include:
MidAmerican Energy owns the largest and PacifiCorp owns the second largest portfolio of wind-powered generating capacity in the United States among rate-regulated utilities. As of December 31, 2011, the Company owned 2,909 MW of operating wind-powered generating capacity at a total cost of $5.4 billion. MidAmerican Energy is constructing an additional 407 MW of wind-powered generation that it expects to place in service in 2012. Additionally, the Company has power purchase agreements with 858 MW of wind-powered generating capacity.
PacifiCorp owns 1,145 MW of hydroelectric generating capacity.
In January 2012, MEHC, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired the 550-MW Topaz Project and a 49 percent interest in the 290-MW Agua Caliente Project. The electricity delivered by the Topaz Project and Agua Caliente Project is being and will be sold to PG&E and will help PG&E meet its obligations under a California state mandate to procure capacity and electricity from renewable resources.
PacifiCorp's Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Program represents a planto build approximately 2,000 miles of new high-voltage transmission lines with an estimated cost exceeding $6 billion. The plan includes several transmission line segments that will: (a) address customer load growth; (b) improve system reliability; (c) reduce transmission system constraints; (d) provide access to diverse generation resources, including renewable resources; and (e) improve the flow of electricity throughout PacifiCorp's six-state service area.

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ETT plans to construct $1.5 billion of transmission investment in support of CREZ. CREZ is a transmission plan that advances the development of over 18,000 MW of new wind-powered generation in Texas. Additionally, AEP subsidiaries have transferred to ETT the obligation to build approximately $1.7 billion of transmission projects within ERCOT. Through December 31, 2011, $1.1 billion has been spent, of which $617 million has been placed in service. ETT's transmission system included 445 miles of transmission lines and 19 substations as of December 31, 2011.
PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy have offered customers a comprehensive set of DSM programs for more than 20 years. The programs assist customers to manage the timing of their usage, as well as to reduce overall energy consumption, resulting in lower utility bills.
The Utilities have installed and upgraded emissions control equipment at certain of its coal-fueled generating facilities to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
MEHC holds a 10% interest in BYD Company Limited, which continues to make advances in applying its proprietary battery technology to electric vehicles and has also developed an energy storage system, solar power system, hybrid energy system and other green energy solutions.

The impact of potential federal, regional, state and international accords, legislation, regulation, or judicial proceedings related to climate change cannot be quantified in any meaningful range at this time. New requirements limiting GHG emissions could have a material adverse impact on the Company, the United States and the global economy. Companies and industries with higher GHG emissions, such as utilities with significant coal-fueled generating facilities, will be subject to more direct impacts and greater financial and regulatory risks. The impact is dependent on numerous factors, none of which can be meaningfully quantified at this time. These factors include, but are not limited to, the magnitude and timing of GHG emissions reduction requirements; the design of the requirements; the cost, availability and effectiveness of emissions control technology; the price, distribution method and availability of offsets and allowances used for compliance; government-imposed compliance costs; and the existence and nature of incremental cost recovery mechanisms. Examples of how new requirements may impact the Company include:
Additional costs may be incurred to purchase required emissions allowances under any market-based cap-and-trade system in excess of allocations that are received at no cost. These purchases would be necessary until new technologies could be developed and deployed to reduce emissions or lower carbon generation is available;
Acquiring and renewing construction and operating permits for new and existing generating facilities may be costly and difficult;
Additional costs may be incurred to purchase and deploy new generating technologies;
Costs may be incurred to retire existing coal-fueled generating facilities before the end of their otherwise useful lives or to convert them to burn fuels, such as natural gas or biomass, that result in lower emissions;
Operating costs may be higher and generating unit outputs may be lower;
Higher interest and financing costs and reduced access to capital markets may result to the extent that financial markets view climate change and GHG emissions as a business risk; and
The Company's natural gas pipeline operations, electric transmission and retail sales may be impacted in response to changes in customer demand and requirements to reduce GHG emissions.

The impact of events or conditions caused by climate change, whether from natural processes or human activities, could vary widely, from highly localized to worldwide, and the extent to which a utility's operations may be affected is uncertain. Climate change may cause physical and financial risk through, among other things, sea level rise, changes in precipitation and extreme weather events. Consumer demand for energy may increase or decrease, based on overall changes in weather and as customers promote lower energy consumption through the continued use of energy efficiency programs or other means. Availability of resources to generate electricity, such as water for hydroelectric production and cooling purposes, may also be impacted by climate change and could influence the Company's existing and future electricity generating portfolio. These issues may have a direct impact on the costs of electricity production and increase the price customers pay or their demand for electricity.

International Accords

Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted in 1992, members of the convention meet periodically to discuss international responses to climate change. To date, the United States has not made a binding reduction commitment as a result of these international discussions.


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Federal Legislation

Legislation introduced in the 112th Congress has been focused on repeal or delay of the EPA's ability to regulate GHG emissions. There is currently no federal legislation pending to regulate GHG emissions.

GHG Tailoring Rule

The EPA finalized the GHG "Tailoring Rule" in May 2010 requiring new or modified sources of GHG emissions with increases of 75,000 or more tons per year of total GHG to determine the best available control technology for their GHG emissions beginning in January 2011. New or existing major sources will also be subject to Title V operating permit requirements for GHG. Beginning July 1, 2011 through June 30, 2013, new construction projects that emit GHG emissions of at least 100,000 tons per year and modifications of existing facilities that increase GHG emissions by at least 75,000 tons per year will be subject to permitting requirements and facilities that were previously not subject to Title V permitting requirements will be required to obtain Title V permits if they emit at least 100,000 tons per year of carbon dioxide equivalents. Several legal challenges to the GHG Tailoring Rule have been filed in the D.C. Circuit. The EPA issued a GHG best available control technology guidance document in November 2010 in an effort to provide permitting authorities guidance on how to conduct a best available control technology review for GHG.

MidAmerican Energy has obtained and is in the process of obtaining permits to install emissions reduction equipment at existing generating facilities to comply with CSAPR and was required to assess the impacts of the projects on GHG emissions. A GHG emissions limit was imposed on the permits for those projects and management believes compliance with the GHG limits under these permits will not result in a material adverse impact on its operations. PacifiCorp's permitting of certain existing generating facilities to install emissions reduction equipment to comply with the Regional Haze Rules assessed the impacts of the projects on GHG emissions under the GHG Tailoring Rule. No GHG emissions limit was included in the permits. However, PacifiCorp's Lake Side 2 was subject to a best available control technology review and the permit includes a limit for carbon dioxide equivalent emissions. To date, permitting authorities implementing the GHG Tailoring Rule have included efficiency improvements to demonstrate compliance with best available control technology for GHG, as well as requiring emissions limits for GHGs in permits; as such, the impacts of the Tailoring Rule on the Company have not been material.

GHG New Source Performance Standards

Under the Clean Air Act, the EPA may establish emissions standards that reflect the degree of emissions reductions achievable through the best technology that has been demonstrated, taking into consideration the cost of achieving those reductions and any non-air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. The EPA entered into a settlement agreement with a number of parties, including certain state governments and environmental groups, in December 2010 to promulgate emissions standards covering GHG by September 30, 2011, as amended, and issue final regulations by May 26, 2012. However, in mid-September, the EPA indicated it would not meet the September 30, 2011 deadline to promulgate the standards and it has not yet established a new schedule for issuing the proposed rules. It is unclear what standards the EPA will establish for new and modified sources or what the guidelines will be for existing sources. Until the standards are proposed and finalized, the impact on the Company cannot be determined.

Regional and State Activities

Several states have promulgated or otherwise participate in state-specific or regional laws or initiatives to report or mitigate GHG emissions. These are expected to impact PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy and other MEHC energy subsidiaries, and include:
The Western Climate Initiative was established as a comprehensive regional effort to reduce GHG emissions by 15% below 2005 levels by 2020 through a cap-and-trade program that includes the electricity sector. The Western Climate Initiative initially included the states of California, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah and Washington and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec. However, only California, British Columbia and Quebec are moving forward under the initiative, with the other states focused on efforts to design, promote and implement cost-effective policies to reduce GHG emissions and create economic opportunities.
In October 2011, the California Air Resources Board adopted a GHG cap-and-trade program with an effective date of January 1, 2012; compliance obligations will be imposed on entities beginning in 2013. In addition, California law imposes a GHG emissions performance standard to all electricity generated within the state or delivered from outside the state that is no higher than the GHG emissions levels of a state-of-the-art combined-cycle natural gas-fueled generating facility, as well as legislation that adopts an economy-wide cap on GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020.

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Over the past several years, the states of California, Washington and Oregon have adopted GHG emissions performance standards for base load electrical generating resources. Under the laws in all three states, the emissions performance standards provide that emissions must not exceed 1,100 pounds of carbon dioxide per MWh. These GHG emissions performance standards generally prohibit electric utilities from entering into long-term financial commitments (e.g., new ownership investments, upgrades, or new or renewed contracts with a term of five or more years) unless any base load generation supplied under long-term financial commitments comply with the GHG emissions performance standards.
The Washington and Oregon governors enacted legislation in May 2007 and August 2007, respectively, establishing goals for the reduction of GHG emissions in their respective states. Washington's goals seek to (a) reduce emissions to 1990 levels by 2020; (b) reduce emissions to 25% below 1990 levels by 2035; and (c) reduce emissions to 50% below 1990 levels by 2050, or 70% below Washington's forecasted emissions in 2050. Oregon's goals seek to (a) cease the growth of Oregon GHG emissions by 2010; (b) reduce GHG levels to 10% below 1990 levels by 2020; and (c) reduce GHG levels to at least 75% below 1990 levels by 2050. Each state's legislation also calls for state government to develop policy recommendations in the future to assist in the monitoring and achievement of these goals.
In Iowa, legislation enacted in 2007 required the Iowa Climate Change Advisory Council ("ICCAC"), a 23-member group appointed by the Iowa governor, to develop scenarios designed to reduce statewide GHG emissions, including one scenario that would reduce emissions by 50% by 2050, and submit its recommendations to the legislature. The ICCAC also developed a second scenario to reduce GHG emissions by 90% with reductions in both scenarios from 2005 emissions levels. In January 2009, the ICCAC presented to the Iowa governor and legislature several policy options to consider to achieve GHG emissions reductions, including enhanced energy efficiency programs and increased renewable generation. No legislation has yet been enacted that would require GHG emissions reductions.
In November 2007, the Iowa governor signed the Midwest Greenhouse Gas Accord and the Energy Security and Climate Stewardship Platform for the Midwest. The signatories to the platform were other Midwestern states that agreed to implement a regional cap-and-trade system for GHG emissions. Advisory group recommendations included the assessment of 2020 emissions reduction targets of 15%, 20% and 25% below 2005 levels and a 2050 target of 60% to 80% below 2005 levels. In addition, the accord calls for the participating states to collectively meet at least 2% of regional annual retail sales of electricity and natural gas through energy efficiency improvements by 2015 and continue to achieve an additional 2% in efficiency improvements every year thereafter. There has been no further progress in implementing a Midwest regional cap-and-trade program.
The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, a mandatory, market-based effort to reduce GHG emissions in ten Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic states, requires, beginning in 2009, the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector of 10% by 2018. In May 2011, New Jersey withdrew from participation in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative and in June 2011, a lawsuit filed in New York alleged that the state of New York unlawfully joined the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative without legislative approval.

GHG Litigation

The Company closely monitors ongoing environmental litigation. Many of the pending cases described below relate to lawsuits against industry that attempt to link GHG emissions to public or private harm. The Company believes the cases are without merit, despite decisions where United States Courts of Appeals reversed district court rulings dismissing the cases in 2009. The lower courts initially refrained from adjudicating the cases under the "political question" doctrine, because of their inherently political nature. Nevertheless, an adverse ruling in any of these cases would likely result in increased regulation of GHG emitters, including the Company's generating facilities, and financial uncertainty.

In September 2009, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ("Second Circuit") issued its opinion in the case of Connecticut v. American Electric Power, et al, which remanded to the lower court a nuisance action by eight states and the City of New York against five large utility emitters of carbon dioxide. The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York ("Southern District of New York") dismissed the case in 2005, holding that the claims that GHG emissions from the defendants' coal-fueled generating facilities were causing harmful climate change and should be enjoined as a public nuisance under federal common law presented a "political question" that the court lacked jurisdiction to decide. The Second Circuit rejected this conclusion and stated the Southern District of New York was not precluded from determining the case on its merits. In December 2010, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear the case on appeal from the Second Circuit and issued its decision in June 2011 dismissing the federal common law claim of nuisance and holding that the Clean Air Act provides a means to seek limits on emissions of carbon dioxide on power plants.


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In October 2009, a three-judge panel in the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ("Fifth Circuit") issued its opinion in the case of Ned Comer, et al. v. Murphy Oil USA, et al., ("Comer I") a putative class action lawsuit against insurance, oil, coal and chemical companies, based on claims that the defendants' GHG emissions contributed to global warming that in turn caused a rise in sea levels and added to the ferocity of Hurricane Katrina, which combined to damage the plaintiff's private property, as well as public property. In 2007, the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi ("Southern District of Mississippi") dismissed the case based on the lack of standing and further held that the claims were barred by the political question doctrine. In March 2010, the full court of the Fifth Circuit agreed to rehear the case; however, in May 2010, the Fifth Circuit dismissed the appeal for failure to have a quorum, resulting in the Southern District of Mississippi's decision, holding that property owners did not have standing to sue for climate change and that climate change was a political question for the United States Congress, standing as good law. The plaintiffs filed a petition asking the United States Supreme Court to direct the Fifth Circuit to reinstate the appeal and return it to the original panel. In January 2011, the United States Supreme Court denied the request, resulting in the original dismissal of the case to stand. However, on May 27, 2011, the Comer case was refiled ("Comer II") in the Southern District of Mississippi. The defendants in Comer II have filed a motion to dismiss, which is pending before the court. The Company was not a party in Comer I and is not a party in Comer II.

In October 2009, the United States District Court for the Northern District of California ("Northern District of California") granted the defendants' motions to dismiss in the case of Native Village of Kivalina v. ExxonMobil Corporation, et al. The plaintiffs filed their complaint in February 2008, asserting claims against 24 defendants, including electric generating companies, oil companies and a coal company, for public nuisance under state and federal common law based on the defendants' GHG emissions. MEHC was a named defendant in the Kivalina case. The Northern District of California dismissed all of the plaintiffs' federal claims, holding that the court lacked subject matter jurisdiction to hear the claims under the political question doctrine, and that the plaintiffs lacked standing to bring their claims. The Northern District of California declined to hear the state law claims and the case was dismissed without prejudice to their future presentation in an appropriate state court. In November 2009, the plaintiff's appealed the case to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ("Ninth Circuit") where briefing has been completed, but the case has not yet been scheduled for oral argument. In February 2011, the Ninth Circuit stayed the case, pending the issuance of the United States Supreme Court's decision in Connecticut v. American Electric Power, et al. The oral arguments in Kivalina were held before the Ninth Circuit in November 2011 and the parties await the court's decision.

Renewable Portfolio Standards

The RPS described below could significantly impact the Company's consolidated financial results. Resources that meet the qualifying electricity requirements under the RPS vary from state to state. Each state's RPS requires some form of compliance reporting, and the Company can be subject to penalties in the event of noncompliance.

In November 2006, Washington voters approved a ballot initiative establishing a RPS requirement for qualifying electric utilities, including PacifiCorp. The requirements are 3% of retail sales by January 1, 2012 through 2015, 9% of retail sales by January 1, 2016 through 2019 and 15% of retail sales by January 1, 2020. The WUTC has adopted final rules to implement the initiative.

In June 2007, the Oregon Renewable Energy Act ("OREA") was adopted, providing a comprehensive renewable energy policy and RPS for Oregon. Subject to certain exemptions and cost limitations established in the OREA, PacifiCorp and other qualifying electric utilities must meet minimum qualifying electricity requirements for electricity sold to retail customers of at least 5% in 2011 through 2014, 15% in 2015 through 2019, 20% in 2020 through 2024, and 25% in 2025 and subsequent years. As required by the OREA, the OPUC has approved an automatic adjustment clause to allow an electric utility, including PacifiCorp, to recover prudently incurred costs of its investments in renewable energy generating facilities and associated transmission costs.

In April 2011, the California governor signed into law Senate Bill 2 of the First Extraordinary Session that expanded the RPS to require all California retail sellers to procure an average of 20% of retail load from renewable resources by December 31, 2013, 25% by December 31, 2016 and 33% by December 31, 2020 and each year thereafter. In December 2011, the CPUC adopted a decision confirming that multi-jurisdictional utilities, such as PacifiCorp, are not subject to the percentage limits within the three categories of RPS-eligible resources established by the legislation that have been imposed on other California retail sellers. The CPUC is in the process of an extensive rulemaking to implement the new requirements under the legislation.

In March 2008, Utah's governor signed Utah Senate Bill 202. Among other things, this law provides that, beginning in the year 2025, 20% of adjusted retail electric sales of all Utah utilities be supplied by renewable energy, if it is cost effective. Retail electric sales will be adjusted by deducting the amount of generation from sources that produce zero or reduced carbon emissions, and for sales avoided as a result of energy efficiency and DSM programs. Qualifying renewable energy sources can be located anywhere in the WECC areas, and renewable energy credits can be used.


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Water Quality Standards

The federal Water Pollution Control Act ("Clean Water Act") establishes the framework for maintaining and improving water quality in the United States through a program that regulates, among other things, discharges to and withdrawals from waterways. The Clean Water Act requires that cooling water intake structures reflect the "best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impact" to aquatic organisms. In July 2004, the EPA established significant new technology-based performance standards for existing electric generating facilities that take in more than 50 million gallons of water per day. These rules were aimed at minimizing the adverse environmental impacts of cooling water intake structures by reducing the number of aquatic organisms lost as a result of water withdrawals. In response to a legal challenge to the rule, in January 2007, the Second Circuit remanded almost all aspects of the rule to the EPA, without addressing whether companies with cooling water intake structures were required to comply with these requirements. On appeal from the Second Circuit, in April 2009, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the EPA permissibly relied on a cost-benefit analysis in setting the national performance standards regarding "best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impact" at cooling water intake structures and in providing for cost-benefit variances from those standards as part of the §316(b) Clean Water Act Phase II regulations. The United States Supreme Court remanded the case back to the Second Circuit to conduct further proceedings consistent with its opinion.

In March 2011, the EPA released a proposed rule under §316(b) of the Clean Water Act to regulate cooling water intakes at existing facilities. The proposed rule establishes requirements for all power generating facilities that withdraw more than two million gallons per day, based on total design intake capacity, of water from waters of the United States and use at least 25% of the withdrawn water exclusively for cooling purposes. PacifiCorp's Dave Johnston generating facility and all of MidAmerican Energy's coal-fueled generating facilities, except Louisa, Ottumwa and Walter Scott, Jr. Unit 4, which have water cooling towers, withdraw more than two million gallons per day of water from waters of the United States. PacifiCorp's Jim Bridger, Naughton, Gadsby, Hunter, Carbon and Huntington generating facilities currently utilize closed cycle cooling towers but withdraw more than two million gallons of water per day. The proposed rule includes impingement (i.e., when fish and other organisms are trapped against screens when water is drawn into a facility's cooling system) mortality standards to be met through average impingement mortality or intake velocity design criteria and entrainment (i.e., when organisms are drawn into the facility) standards to be determined on a case-by-case basis. The standards are required to be met as soon as possible after the effective date of the final rule, but no later than eight years thereafter. The rule is required to be finalized by the EPA by July 2012. Assuming the final rule is issued by July 2012, PacifiCorp's and MidAmerican Energy's generating facilities impacted by the final rule will be required to complete impingement and entrainment studies in 2013. The costs of compliance with the cooling water intake structure rule cannot be determined until the rule is final and the prescribed studies are conducted. In the event that PacifiCorp's or MidAmerican Energy's existing intake structures require modification, the costs are not anticipated to be significant.

Coal Combustion Byproduct Disposal

In December 2008, an ash impoundment dike at the Tennessee Valley Authority's Kingstonpower plant collapsed after heavy rain, releasing a significant amount of fly ash and bottom ash, coal combustion byproducts, and water to the surrounding area. In light of this incident, federal and state officials have called for greater regulation of the storage and disposal of coal combustion byproducts. In May 2010, the EPA released a proposed rule to regulate the management and disposal of coal combustion byproducts, presenting two alternatives to regulation under the RCRA. Under the first option, coal combustion byproducts would be regulated as special waste under RCRA Subtitle C and the EPA would establish requirements for coal combustion byproducts from the point of generation to disposition, including the closure of disposal units. Alternatively, the EPA is considering regulation under RCRA Subtitle D under which it would establish minimum nationwide standards for the disposal of coal combustion byproducts. Under both options, surface impoundments utilized for coal combustion byproducts would have to be cleaned and closed unless they could meet more stringent regulatory requirements; in addition, more stringent requirements would be implemented for new ash landfills and expansions of existing ash landfills. PacifiCorp operates 16 surface impoundments and six landfills that contain coal combustion byproducts. MidAmerican Energy operates eight surface impoundments and four landfills that contain coal combustion byproducts. These ash impoundments and landfills may be impacted by the newly proposed regulation, particularly if the materials are regulated as hazardous or special waste under RCRA Subtitle C, and could pose significant additional costs associated with ash management and disposal activities at the Company's coal-fueled generating facilities. The public comment period closed in November 2010. The EPA has not indicated when the rule will be finalized, and the substance of the final rule is not known. The United States House of Representatives passed H.R. 2273 in October 2011, which would regulate coal combustion byproducts under RCRA Subtitle D. A Senate bill similar to the House bill has been introduced, but action has not been taken on the bill. The impact of the proposed regulations on coal combustion byproducts cannot be determined at this time; however, both PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy have begun developing surface impoundment and landfill compliance plan options to ensure that physical infrastructure decisions are aligned with the potential outcomes of the rulemaking.


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Other

Other laws, regulations and agencies to which the Company is subject to include, but are not limited to:
The federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act and similar state laws may require any current or former owners or operators of a disposal site, as well as transporters or generators of hazardous substances sent to such disposal site, to share in environmental remediation costs.
The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, under which the United States Department of Energy is responsible for the selection and development of repositories for, and the permanent disposal of, spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive wastes. Refer to Note 13 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding nuclear decommissioning obligations.
The federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 and similar state statutes establish operational, reclamation and closure standards that must be met during and upon completion of mining activities.
The FERC oversees the relicensing of existing hydroelectric systems and is also responsible for the oversight and issuance of licenses for new construction of hydroelectric systems, dam safety inspections and environmental monitoring. Refer to Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the relicensing of certain of PacifiCorp's existing hydroelectric facilities.

MEHC expects its Domestic Regulated Businesses will be allowed to recover the prudently incurred costs to comply with the environmental laws and regulations discussed above. The Company's planning efforts take into consideration the complexity of balancing factors such as: (a) pending environmental regulations and requirements to reduce emissions, address waste disposal, ensure water quality, and protect wildlife; (b) avoidance of excessive reliance on any one generation technology; (c) costs and trade-offs of various resource options including energy efficiency, demand response programs, and renewable generation; (d) state-specific energy policies, resource preferences, and economic development efforts; (e) additional transmission investment to reduce power costs and increase efficiency and reliability of the integrated transmission system; and (f) keeping rates as affordable as possible. Due to the number of generating units impacted by environmental regulations, deferring installation of compliance-related projects is often not feasible or cost effective and places the Company at risk of not having access to necessary capital, material, and labor while attempting to perform major equipment installations in a compressed timeframe concurrent with other utilities across the country. Therefore, the Company has established installation schedules with permitting agencies that coordinate compliance timeframes with construction and tie-in of major environmental compliance projects as units are scheduled off-line for planned maintenance outages; these coordinated efforts help reduce costs associated with replacement power and maintain system reliability.

Collateral and Contingent Features

Debt and preferred securities of MEHC and certain of its subsidiaries are rated by credit rating agencies. Assigned credit ratings are based on each rating agency's assessment of the rated company's ability to, in general, meet the obligations of its issued debt or preferred securities. The credit ratings are not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities, and there is no assurance that a particular credit rating will continue for any given period of time.

MEHC and its subsidiaries have no credit rating downgrade triggers that would accelerate the maturity dates of outstanding debt, and a change in ratings is not an event of default under the applicable debt instruments, except for those discussed in Note 23 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K related to the Topaz financing. The Company's unsecured revolving credit facilities do not require the maintenance of a minimum credit rating level in order to draw upon their availability, but, under certain instances, must maintain sufficient covenant tests if ratings drop below a certain level. However, commitment fees and interest rates under the credit facilities are tied to credit ratings and increase or decrease when the ratings change. A ratings downgrade could also increase the future cost of commercial paper, short- and long-term debt issuances or new credit facilities.


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In accordance with industry practice, certain wholesale agreements, including derivative contracts, contain provisions that require certain of MEHC's subsidiaries, principally the Utilities, to maintain specific credit ratings on their unsecured debt from one or more of the three recognized credit rating agencies. These agreements may either specifically provide bilateral rights to demand cash or other security if credit exposures on a net basis exceed specified rating-dependent threshold levels ("credit-risk-related contingent features") or provide the right for counterparties to demand "adequate assurance" in the event of a material adverse change in the subsidiary's creditworthiness. These rights can vary by contract and by counterparty. As of December 31, 2011, these subsidiary's credit ratings from the three recognized credit rating agencies were investment grade. If all credit-risk-related contingent features or adequate assurance provisions for these agreements had been triggered as of December 31, 2011, the Company would have been required to post $569 million of additional collateral. The Company's collateral requirements could fluctuate considerably due to market price volatility, changes in credit ratings, changes in legislation or regulation, or other factors. Refer to Note 7 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for a discussion of the Company's collateral requirements specific to the Company's derivative contracts.

In July 2010, the President signed into law the Dodd-Frank Reform Act. The Dodd-Frank Reform Act reshapes financial regulation in the United States by creating new regulators, regulating new markets and firms, and providing new enforcement powers to regulators. Virtually all major areas of the Dodd-Frank Reform Act, including collateral requirements on derivative contracts, are the subject of regulatory interpretation and implementation rules requiring rulemaking proceedings, some of which have been completed and others that are expected to be finalized in 2012.

The Company is a party to derivative contracts, including over-the-counter derivative contracts. The Dodd-Frank Reform Act provides for extensive new regulation of over-the-counter derivative contracts and certain market participants, including imposition of mandatory clearing, exchange trading, capital and margin requirements for "swap dealers" and "major swap participants." The Dodd-Frank Reform Act provides certain exemptions from these regulations for commercial end-users that use derivatives to hedge and manage the commercial risk of their businesses. Although the Company generally does not enter into over-the-counter derivative contracts for purposes unrelated to hedging of commercial risk and does not believe it will be considered a swap dealer or major swap participant, the outcome of the rulemaking proceedings cannot be predicted and, therefore, the impact of the Dodd-Frank Reform Act on the Company's consolidated financial results cannot be determined at this time.

Inflation

Historically, overall inflation and changing prices in the economies where MEHC's subsidiaries operate have not had a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial results. In the United States, MEHC's regulated subsidiaries operate under cost-of-service based rate structures administered by various state commissions and the FERC. Under these rate structures, MEHC's regulated subsidiaries are allowed to include prudent costs in their rates, including the impact of inflation. The price control formula used by the United Kingdom Distribution Companies incorporates the rate of inflation in determining rates charged to customers. MEHC's subsidiaries attempt to minimize the potential impact of inflation on their operations by employing prudent risk management and hedging strategies and by considering, among other areas, its impact on purchases of energy, operating expenses, materials and equipment costs, contract negotiations, future capital spending programs and long-term debt issuances. There can be no assurance that such actions will be successful.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has certain investments that are accounted for under the equity method in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). Accordingly, an amount is recorded on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as an equity investment and is increased or decreased for the Company's pro-rata share of earnings or losses, respectively, less any dividends from such investments.

As of December 31, 2011, the Company's investments that are accounted for under the equity method had short- and long-term debt of $1.045 billion, unused revolving credit facilities of $147 million and letters of credit outstanding of $57 million. As of December 31, 2011, the Company's pro-rata share of such short- and long-term debt was $508 million, unused revolving credit facilities was $73 million and outstanding letters of credit was $29 million. The entire amount of the Company's pro-rata share of the outstanding short- and long-term debt and unused revolving credit facilities is non-recourse to the Company. $25 million of the Company's pro-rata share of the outstanding letters of credit is recourse to the Company. Although the Company is generally not required to support debt service obligations of its equity investees, default with respect to this non-recourse short- and long-term debt could result in a loss of invested equity.


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New Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements affecting the Company, refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Certain accounting measurements require management to make estimates and judgments concerning transactions that will be settled several years in the future. Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Financial Statements based on such estimates involve numerous assumptions subject to varying and potentially significant degrees of judgment and uncertainty and will likely change in the future as additional information becomes available. The following critical accounting estimates are impacted significantly by the Company's methods, judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company's Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Accounting for the Effects of Certain Types of Regulation

The Domestic Regulated Businesses prepare their financial statements in accordance with authoritative guidance for regulated operations, which recognizes the economic effects of regulation. Accordingly, the Domestic Regulated Businesses are required to defer the recognition of certain costs or income if it is probable that, through the ratemaking process, there will be a corresponding increase or decrease in future regulated rates.

The Company continually evaluates the applicability of the guidance for regulated operations and whether its regulatory assets and liabilities are probable of inclusion in future regulated rates by considering factors such as a change in the regulator's approach to setting rates from cost-based ratemaking to another form of regulation, other regulatory actions or the impact of competition which could limit the Domestic Regulated Businesses' ability to recover their costs. Based upon this continuous evaluation, the Company believes the application of the guidance for regulated operations is appropriate and its existing regulatory assets and liabilities are probable of inclusion in future regulated rates. The evaluation reflects the current political and regulatory climate at both the federal and state levels and is subject to change in the future. If it becomes no longer probable that the deferred costs or income will be included in future regulated rates, the related regulatory assets and liabilities will be written off to net income, returned to customers or re-established as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI"). Total regulatory assets were $2.918 billion and total regulatory liabilities were $1.731 billion as of December 31, 2011. Refer to Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Domestic Regulated Businesses' regulatory assets and liabilities.

Derivatives

The Company is exposed to the impact of market fluctuations in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. The Company is principally exposed to electricity, natural gas, coal and fuel oil commodity price risk primarily through MEHC's ownership of the Utilities as they have an obligation to serve retail customer load in their regulated service territories. MidAmerican Energy also provides nonregulated retail electricity and natural gas services in competitive markets. The Utilities' load and generating facilities represent substantial underlying commodity positions. Exposures to commodity prices consist mainly of variations in the price of fuel required to generate electricity, wholesale electricity that is purchased and sold, and natural gas supply for regulated and nonregulated retail customers. Commodity prices are subject to wide price swings as supply and demand are impacted by, among many other unpredictable items, weather, market liquidity, generating facility availability, customer usage, storage, and transmission and transportation constraints.Interest rate risk exists on variable-rate debt and future debt issuances. Additionally, the Company is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk from its business operations and investments in Great Britain. Each of the Company's business platforms has established a risk management process that is designed to identify, assess, monitor, report, manage and mitigate each of the various types of risk involved in its business. The Company employs a number of different derivative contracts, which may include forwards, futures, options, swaps and other agreements, to manage price risk for electricity, natural gas and other commodities; interest rate risk; and foreign currency exchange rate risk. The Company does not hedge all of its commodity price, interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate risks, thereby exposing the unhedged portion to changes in market prices. Refer to Notes 6 and 7 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company's derivative contracts.


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Measurement Principles

Derivative contracts are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either assets or liabilities and are stated at fair value unless they are designated as normal purchases or normal sales and qualify for the exception afforded by GAAP. When available, the fair value of derivative contracts is estimated using unadjusted quoted prices for identical contracts in the market in which the Company transacts. When quoted prices for identical contracts are not available, the Company uses forward price curves. Forward price curves represent the Company's estimates of the prices at which a buyer or seller could contract today for delivery or settlement at future dates. The Company bases its forward price curves upon market price quotations, when available, or internally developed and commercial models, with internal and external fundamental data inputs. Market price quotations are obtained from independent energy brokers, exchanges, direct communication with market participants and actual transactions executed by the Company. Market price quotations for certain major electricity and natural gas trading hubs are generally readily obtainable for the applicable term of the Company's outstanding derivative contracts; therefore, the Company's forward price curves for those locations and periods reflect observable market quotes. As of December 31, 2011, the Company had a net derivative liability of $468 million related to contracts valued using either quoted prices or forward price curves based upon observable market quotes. Market price quotations for other electricity and natural gas trading hubs are not as readily obtainable due to the length of the contract. Given that limited market data exists for these contracts, as well as for those contracts that are not actively traded, the Company uses forward price curves derived from internal models based on perceived pricing relationships to major trading hubs that are based on unobservable inputs. The estimated fair value of these derivative contracts is a function of underlying forward commodity prices, interest rates, currency rates, related volatility, counterparty creditworthiness and duration of contracts. The assumptions used in these models are critical, since any changes in assumptions could have a significant impact on the estimated fair value of the contracts. As of December 31, 2011, the Company had a net derivative asset of $23 million related to contracts where the Company uses internal models with unobservable inputs.

Classification and Recognition Methodology

Almost all of the Company's derivative contracts are probable of inclusion in the rates of its rate-regulated subsidiaries and changes in the estimated fair value of derivative contracts are generally recorded as net regulatory assets or liabilities. Accordingly, amounts are generally not recognized in earnings until the contracts are settled and the forecasted transaction has occurred. As of December 31, 2011, the Company had $400 million recorded as net regulatory assets related to derivative contracts on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. If it becomes no longer probable that a derivative contract will be included in regulated rates, the regulatory asset or liability will be written off and recognized in earnings.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill

The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment, including property, plant and equipment, when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable or the assets are being held for sale. Upon the occurrence of a triggering event, the asset is reviewed to assess whether the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected from the use of the asset plus the residual value from the ultimate disposal exceeds the carrying value of the asset. If the carrying value exceeds the estimated recoverable amounts, the asset is written down to the estimated fair value. The impacts of regulation are considered when evaluating the carrying value of regulated assets. Substantially all property, plant and equipment was used in regulated businesses as of December 31, 2011. For all other assets, any resulting impairment loss is reflected on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The estimate of cash flows arising from the future use of the asset that are used in the impairment analysis requires judgment regarding what the Company would expect to recover from the future use of the asset. Changes in judgment that could significantly alter the calculation of the fair value or the recoverable amount of the asset may result from significant changes in the regulatory environment, the business climate, management's plans, legal factors, market price of the asset, the use of the asset or the physical condition of the asset, future market prices, load growth, competition and many other factors over the life of the asset. Any resulting impairment loss is highly dependent on the underlying assumptions and could significantly affect the Company's results of operations.


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The Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2011 includes goodwill of acquired businesses of $4.996 billion. The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment at least annually and completed its annual review as of October 31. Additionally, no indicators of impairment were identified as of December 31, 2011. A significant amount of judgment is required in estimating the fair value of the reporting unit and performing goodwill impairment tests. The Company uses a variety of methods to estimate a reporting unit's fair value, principally discounted projected future net cash flows. Key assumptions used include, but are not limited to, the use of estimated future cash flows; multiples of earnings; and an appropriate discount rate. Estimated future cash flows are impacted by, among other factors, growth rates, changes in regulations and rates, ability to renew contracts and estimates of future commodity prices. In estimating future cash flows, the Company incorporates current market information, as well as historical factors. Refer to Note 22 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company's goodwill.

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

The Company sponsors defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans that cover the majority of its employees. The Company recognizes the funded status of its defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Funded status is the fair value of plan assets minus the benefit obligation as of the measurement date. As of December 31, 2011, the Company recognized a net liability totaling $794 million for the funded status of the Company's defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans. As of December 31, 2011, amounts not yet recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost that were included in net regulatory assets and AOCI totaled $822 million and $673 million, respectively.

The expense and benefit obligations relating to these defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans are based on actuarial valuations. Inherent in these valuations are key assumptions, including discount rates, expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and healthcare cost trend rates. These key assumptions are reviewed annually and modified as appropriate. The Company believes that the assumptions utilized in recording obligations under the plans are reasonable based on prior plan experience and current market and economic conditions. Refer to Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for disclosures about the Company's defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans, including the key assumptions used to calculate the funded status and net periodic benefit cost for these plans as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011.

The Company chooses a discount rate based upon high quality debt security investment yields in effect as of the measurement date that corresponds to the expected benefit period. The pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities increase as the discount rate is reduced.

In establishing its assumption as to the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, the Company utilizes the expected asset allocation and return assumptions for each asset class based on historical performance and forward-looking views of the financial markets. Pension and other postretirement benefits expense increases as the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets decreases. The Company regularly reviews its actual asset allocations and rebalances its investments to its targeted allocations when considered appropriate.

The Company chooses a healthcare cost trend rate that reflects the near and long-term expectations of increases in medical costs and corresponds to the expected benefit payment periods. The healthcare cost trend rate gradually declines to 5% in 2016 at which point the rate is assumed to remain constant. Refer to Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for healthcare cost trend rate sensitivity disclosures.


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The key assumptions used may differ materially from period to period due to changing market and economic conditions. These differences may result in a significant impact to pension and other postretirement benefits expense and the funded status. If changes were to occur for the following key assumptions, the approximate effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements would be as follows (in millions):
 Domestic Plans  
     Other Postretirement United Kingdom
 Pension Plans Benefit Plans Pension Plan
 +0.5% -0.5% +0.5% -0.5% +0.5% -0.5%
            
Effect on December 31, 2011           
Benefit Obligations:           
Discount rate$(103) $114
 $(41) $45
 $(137) $157
            
Effect on 2011 Periodic Cost:           
Discount rate$(4) $4
 $(2) $3
 $(13) $13
Expected rate of return on plan assets(8) 8
 (3) 3
 (8) 8

A variety of factors affect the funded status of the plans, including asset returns, discount rates, plan changes and the Company's funding policy for each plan. Additionally, federal laws may require the Company to increase future contributions to its domestic pension plans, which may create more volatility in annual contributions than historically experienced and could have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial results.

Income Taxes

In determining the Company's income taxes, management is required to interpret complex income tax laws and regulations, which includes consideration of regulatory implications imposed by the Company's various regulatory jurisdictions. The Company's income tax returns are subject to continuous examinations by federal, state, local and foreign income tax authorities that may give rise to different interpretations of these complex laws and regulations. Due to the nature of the examination process, it generally takes years before these examinations are completed and these matters are resolved. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Although the ultimate resolution of the Company's federal, state, local and foreign income tax examinations is uncertain, the Company believes it has made adequate provisions for these income tax positions. The aggregate amount of any additional income tax liabilities that may result from these examinations, if any, is not expected to have a material adverse impact on the Company's consolidated financial results. Refer to Note 15 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company's income taxes.

The Utilities are required to pass income tax benefits related to certain property-related basis differences and other various differences on to their customers in certain state jurisdictions. These amounts were recognized as a net regulatory asset totaling $1.003 billion as of December 31, 2011 and will be included in regulated rates when the temporary differences reverse. Management believes the existing net regulatory assets are probable of inclusion in regulated rates. If it becomes no longer probable that these costs will be included in regulated rates, the related regulatory asset will be charged to net income.

The Company has not established deferred income taxes on the undistributed foreign earnings of Northern Powergrid Holdings or the related currency translation adjustment that have been determined by management to be reinvested indefinitely. The cumulative earnings were approximately$2.0 billion as of December 31, 2011. The Company periodically evaluates its capital requirements. If circumstances change in the future and a portion of Northern Powergrid Holdings' undistributed earnings were repatriated, the dividends would be subject to taxation in the United States. However, any United States income tax liability would be offset, in part, by available United States income tax credits with respect to corporate income taxes previously paid principally in the United Kingdom. Because of the availability of foreign income tax credits, it is not practicable to determine the United States income tax liability that would be recognized if such cumulative earnings were not reinvested indefinitely. The Company has established deferred income taxes on all other undistributed foreign earnings.


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Revenue Recognition - Unbilled Revenue

Unbilled revenue was $474 million as of December 31, 2011. Revenue from energy business customers is recognized as electricity or natural gas is delivered or services are provided. The determination of customer billings is based on a systematic reading of meters, fixed reservation charges based on contractual quantities and rates or, in the case of the United Kingdom distribution businesses, when information is received from the national settlement system. At the end of each month, amounts of energy provided to customers since the date of the last meter reading are estimated, and the corresponding unbilled revenue is recorded. Factors that can impact the estimate of unbilled energy include, but are not limited to, seasonal weather patterns, total volumes supplied to the system, line losses, economic impacts and composition of sales among customer classes. Estimates are reversed in the following month and actual revenue is recorded based on subsequent meter readings.

Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets include assets and liabilities with fair values that are subject to market risks. The Company's significant market risks are primarily associated with commodity prices, interest rates, equity prices, foreign currency exchange rates and the extension of credit to counterparties with which the Company transacts. The following discussion addresses the significant market risks associated with the Company's business activities. Each of the Company's business platforms has established guidelines for credit risk management. Refer to Notes 2 and 7 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company's contracts accounted for as derivatives.

Commodity Price Risk

The Company is principally exposed to electricity, natural gas, coal and fuel oil commodity price risk primarily through MEHC's ownership of the Utilities as they have an obligation to serve retail customer load in their regulated service territories. MidAmerican Energy also provides nonregulated retail electricity and natural gas services in competitive markets. The Utilities' load and generating facilities represent substantial underlying commodity positions. Exposures to commodity prices consist mainly of variations in the price of fuel required to generate electricity, wholesale electricity that is purchased and sold, and natural gas supply for regulated and nonregulated retail customers. Commodity prices are subject to wide price swings as supply and demand are impacted by, among many other unpredictable items, weather, market liquidity, generating facility availability, customer usage, storage, and transmission and transportation constraints.The Company does not engage in a material amount of proprietary trading activities.To mitigate a portion of its commodity price risk, the Company uses commodity derivative contracts, which may include forwards, futures, options, swaps and other agreements, to effectively secure future supply or sell future production generally at fixed prices. The Company does not hedge all of its commodity price risk, thereby exposing the unhedged portion to changes in market prices. The Company's exposure to commodity price risk is generally limited by its ability to include the costs in regulated rates, which is subject to regulatory lag that occurs between the time the costs are incurred and when the costs are included in regulated rates.

The table that follows summarizes the Company's price risk on commodity contracts accounted for as derivatives, excluding collateral netting of $156 million and $141 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and shows the effects of a hypothetical 10% increase and 10% decrease in forward market prices with the contracted or expected volumes. The selected hypothetical change does not reflect what could be considered the best or worst case scenarios (dollars in millions).
 Fair Value - Estimated Fair Value after
 Net Asset Hypothetical Change in Price
 (Liability) 10% increase 10% decrease
As of December 31, 2011:     
Not designated as hedging contracts$(399) $(341) $(457)
Designated as hedging contracts(46) (7) (85)
Total commodity derivative contracts$(445) $(348) $(542)
      
As of December 31, 2010:     
Not designated as hedging contracts$(565) $(537) $(593)
Designated as hedging contracts(48) (9) (87)
Total commodity derivative contracts$(613) $(546) $(680)


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The majority of the Company's commodity derivative contracts not designated as hedging contracts are recoverable from customers in regulated rates and, therefore, net unrealized gains and losses associated with interim price movements on commodity derivative contracts do not expose the Company to earnings volatility. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, a net regulatory asset of $400 million and $564 million, respectively, was recorded related to the net derivative liability of $399 million and $565 million, respectively. For the Company's commodity derivative contracts designated as hedging contracts, net unrealized gains and losses associated with interim price movements on commodity derivative contracts, to the extent the hedge is considered effective, generally do not expose the Company to earnings volatility. The settled cost of these commodity derivative contracts is generally included in regulated rates. Consolidated financial results would be negatively impacted if the costs of wholesale electricity, natural gas or fuel are higher than what is included in regulated rates, including the impacts of adjustment mechanisms.

Interest Rate Risk

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its outstanding variable-rate short- and long-term debt and future debt issuances. The Company manages its interest rate risk by limiting its exposure to variable interest rates primarily through the issuance of fixed-rate long-term debt and by monitoring market changes in interest rates. As a result of the fixed interest rates, the Company's fixed-rate long-term debt does not expose the Company to the risk of loss due to changes in market interest rates. Additionally, because fixed-rate long-term debt is not carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, changes in fair value would impact earnings and cash flows only if the Company were to reacquire all or a portion of these instruments prior to their maturity. The Company may from time to time enter into interest rate derivative contracts, such as interest rate swaps or locks, to mitigate the Company's exposure to interest rate risk. The nature and amount of the Company's short- and long-term debt can be expected to vary from period to period as a result of future business requirements, market conditions and other factors. Refer to Notes 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this Form 10-K for additional discussion of the Company's short- and long-term debt.

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company had short- and long-term variable-rate obligations totaling $1.715 billion and $1.170 billion, respectively, that expose the Company to the risk of increased interest expense in the event of increases in short-term interest rates. The market risk related to the Company's variable-rate debt as of December 31, 2011 is not hedged. If variable interest rates were to increase by 10% from December 31 levels, it would not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated annual interest expense. The carrying value of the variable-rate obligations approximates fair value as of December 31, 2011 and 2010.

Equity Price Risk

Market prices for equity securities are subject to fluctuation and consequently the amount realized in the subsequent sale of an investment may significantly differ from the reported market value. Fluctuation in the market price of a security may result from perceived changes in the underlying economic characteristics of the investee, the relative price of alternative investments and general market conditions.

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company's investment in BYD Company Limited common stock represented approximately 68% and 84%, respectively, of the total fair value of the Company's equity securities. The Company's remaining equity securities are primarily related to certain trust funds in which realized and unrealized gains and losses are recorded as net regulatory assets or liabilities since the Company expects to recover costs for these activities through regulated rates. The following table summarizes our investment in BYD Company Limited as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 and the effects of a hypothetical 30% increase and a 30% decrease in market price as of those dates. The selected hypothetical change does not reflect what could be considered the best or worst case scenarios (dollars in millions).
     Estimated Hypothetical
   Hypothetical Fair Value after Percentage Increase
 Fair Price Hypothetical (Decrease) in MEHC
 Value Change Change in Prices Shareholders' Equity
        
As of December 31, 2011$488
 30% increase $634
 1 %
   30% decrease 342
 (1)
        
As of December 31, 2010$1,182
 30% increase $1,537
 2 %
   30% decrease 827
 (2)


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Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

MEHC's business operations and investments outside of the United States increase its risk related to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates primarily in relation to the British pound. MEHC's reporting currency is the United States dollar, and the value of the assets and liabilities, earnings, cash flows and potential distributions from MEHC's foreign operations changes with the fluctuations of the currency in which they transact.

Northern Powergrid Holdings' functional currency is the British pound. At December 31, 2011, a 10% devaluation in the British pound to the United States dollar would result in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet being negatively impacted by a $270 million cumulative translation adjustment in AOCI. A 10% devaluation in the average currency exchange rate would have resulted in lower reported earnings for Northern Powergrid Holdings of $39 million in 2011.

Credit Risk

Domestic Regulated Operations

The Utilities extend unsecured credit to other utilities, energy marketing companies, financial institutions and other market participants in conjunction with their wholesale energy supply and marketing activities. Credit risk relates to the risk of loss that might occur as a result of nonperformance by counterparties on their contractual obligations to make or take delivery of electricity, natural gas or other commodities and to make financial settlements of these obligations. Credit risk may be concentrated to the extent that one or more groups of counterparties have similar economic, industry or other characteristics that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in market or other conditions. In addition, credit risk includes not only the risk that a counterparty may default due to circumstances relating directly to it, but also the risk that a counterparty may default due to circumstances involving other market participants that have a direct or indirect relationship with the counterparty.

The Utilities analyze the financial condition of each significant wholesale counterparty before entering into any transactions, establish limits on the amount of unsecured credit to be extended to each counterparty and evaluate the appropriateness of unsecured credit limits on an ongoing basis. To mitigate exposure to the financial risks of wholesale counterparties, the Utilities enter into netting and collateral arrangements that may include margining and cross-product netting agreements and obtain third-party guarantees, letters of credit and cash deposits. Counterparties may be assessed fees for delayed payments. If required, the Utilities exercise rights under these arrangements, including calling on the counterparty's credit support arrangement.

As of December 31, 2011, PacifiCorp's aggregate credit exposure from wholesale activities totaled $338 million, based on settlement and mark-to-market exposures, net of collateral. As of December 31, 2011, $333 million, or 99%, of PacifiCorp's credit exposure was with counterparties having investment grade credit ratings by either Moody's Investor Service or Standard & Poor's Rating Services. As of December 31, 2011, $5 million, or 1%, of such credit exposure was with counterparties having externally rated "non-investment grade" credit ratings. As of December 31, 2011, four counterparties comprised $274 million, or 81%, of the aggregate credit exposure. All four counterparties are rated investment grade by Moody's Investor Service and Standard & Poor's Rating Services, and PacifiCorp is not aware of any factors that would likely result in a downgrade of the counterparties' credit ratings to below investment grade over the remaining term of transactions outstanding as of December 31, 2011.

During 2011, approximately 89% of MidAmerican Energy's electric wholesale sales revenues resulted from participation in RTOs, including the MISO and the PJM. MidAmerican Energy has potential indirect credit exposure to other market participants in these RTO markets. In the event of a default by a RTO market participant on its market-related obligations, losses are allocated among all other market participants in proportion to each participant's share of overall market activity during the period of time the loss was incurred, diversifying MidAmerican Energy's exposure to credit losses from individual participants. Transactional activities of MidAmerican Energy and other participants in organized RTO markets are governed by credit policies specified in each respective RTO's governing tariff or related business practices. Credit policies of RTO's, which have been developed through extensive stakeholder participation, generally seek to minimize potential loss in the event of a market participant default without unnecessarily inhibiting access to the marketplace. MidAmerican Energy's share of historical losses from defaults by other RTO market participants has not been material. As of December 31, 2011, MidAmerican Energy's aggregate direct credit exposure from electric wholesale marketing counterparties was not material.


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Northern Natural Gas' primary customers include utilities in the upper Midwest. Kern River's primary customers are major oil and natural gas companies or affiliates of such companies, electric generating companies, energy marketing and trading companies, financial institutions and natural gas distribution utilities which provide services in Utah, Nevada and California. As a general policy, collateral is not required for receivables from creditworthy customers. Customers' financial condition and creditworthiness, as defined by the tariff, are regularly evaluated and historical losses have been minimal. In order to provide protection against credit risk, and as permitted by the separate terms of each of Northern Natural Gas' and Kern River's tariffs, the companies have required customers that lack creditworthiness to provide cash deposits, letters of credit or other security until their creditworthiness improves.

Northern Powergrid Holdings

The Distribution Companies charge fees for the use of their electrical infrastructure to supply companies and generators connected to their networks. The supply companies, which purchase electricity from generators and traders and sell the electricity to end-use customers, use the Distribution Companies' distribution networks pursuant to the multilateral "Distribution Connection and Use of System Agreement." The Distribution Companies' customers are concentrated in a small number of electricity supply businesses with RWE Npower PLC accounting for approximately 29% of distribution revenue in 2011. Ofgem has determined a framework which sets credit limits for each supply business based on its credit rating or payment history and requires them to provide credit cover if their value at risk (measured as being equivalent to 45 days usage) exceeds the credit limit. Acceptable credit typically is provided in the form of a parent company guarantee, letter of credit or an escrow account. Ofgem has indicated that, provided the Distribution Companies have implemented credit control, billing and collection in line with best practice guidelines and can demonstrate compliance with the guidelines or are able to satisfactorily explain departure from the guidelines, any bad debt losses arising from supplier default will be recovered through an increase in future allowed income. Losses incurred to date have not been material.

CalEnergy PhilippinesCapitalized Interest

Operating revenueCapitalized interest decreased $42$14 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to lower construction work-in-progress balances at PacifiCorp, partially offset by higher construction work-in-progress balances at MidAmerican Energy and operatingKern River.

Capitalized interest increased $13 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to higher construction work-in-progress balances at PacifiCorp.

Interest and Dividend Income

Interest and dividend income decreased $42$10 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to an $11 million dividend received in 2010 from BYD Company Limited.

Interest and dividend income decreased $14 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to interest associated with SB 408 refunds received in 2009 at PacifiCorp, income earned in 2009 related to the Constellation Energy investments and lower average cash balances, partially offset by the dividend received in 2010 from BYD Company Limited.

Other, net
Other, net decreased $59 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to costs associated with the early redemption of MEHC subordinated debt totaling $40 million, lower equity AFUDC of $17 million and lower Rabbi Trust earnings, partially by the impairment of an asset in 2010 totaling $8 million at MidAmerican Funding. Equity AFUDC decreased due to lower construction work-in-progress balances at PacifiCorp, partially offset by higher construction work-in-progress balances at MidAmerican Energy and Kern River.

Other, net decreased $36 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due primarily to a $37 million pre-tax gain on the Constellation Energy common stock investment in 2009 and the impairment of an asset in 2010 at MidAmerican Funding, partially offset by higher equity AFUDC in 2010, primarily at PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy.

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Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense increased $96 million for 2011 compared to 2010. The effective tax rates were 18% and 14% for 2011 and 2010, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate was due to the effects of ratemaking, lower tax benefits received at MidAmerican Energy for changes related to the tax capitalization and repairs deductions policies totaling $26 million and higher United States income taxes on foreign earnings, partially offset by additional production tax credits in 2011 totaling $29 million, higher deferred income tax benefits in 2011 related to enacted changes in the United Kingdom's corporate income tax rate discussed below and lower state income taxes.

In July 2011, the Company recognized $40 million of deferred income tax benefits upon the enactment of a reduction in the United Kingdom corporate income tax rate from 27% to 26% effective April 1, 2011, and a further reduction to 25% effective April 1, 2012. In July 2010, the Company recognized $25 million of deferred income tax benefits upon the enactment of the reduction in the United Kingdom corporate income tax rate from 28% to 27% effective April 1, 2011.

Federal renewable electricity production tax credits are earned on qualifying wind-powered generation placed in service. In 2004, the Utilities began placing qualified wind-powered generation in service and that has continued through 2011. Federal renewable electricity production tax credits are recognized as energy from wind-powered generating facilities is sold based on a per kilowatt rate as prescribed pursuant to the applicable federal income tax law and are eligible for the credit for 10 years from the date the qualifying generating facilities were placed in service. A credit of $0.022 per kilowatt hour was applied to 2011 production.

Income tax expense decreased $84 million for 2010 compared to 2009. The effective tax rates were 14% and 20% for 2010 and 2009, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to deferred income tax benefits totaling $25 million upon the enactment of the reduction in the United Kingdom corporate income tax rate from 28% to 27%, additional production tax credits totaling $20 million, a non-taxable gain on the sale of CE Gas (Australia) Limited and higher tax benefits received at MidAmerican Energy for changes related to the tax capitalization policy and repairs deductions totaling $6 million, partially offset by the impact of ratemaking. The benefits for changes to the tax capitalization policy and the repairs deductions were realized as MidAmerican Energy changed the method by which it determines current income tax deductions for overhead costs and repairs on certain of its regulated utility assets, which results in current deductibility for costs that are capitalized for book purposes. Iowa, MidAmerican Energy's largest jurisdiction for rate-regulated operations, requires immediate income recognition of such temporary differences.

Equity Income

Equity income increased $10 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to continued investment at ETT and higher earnings at CE Generation due to improved results at the gas plants, partially offset by lower earnings at HomeServices' mortgage joint venture due to lower refinancing activity and higher compliance costs.

Equity income decreased $12 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to lower than normal rainfallearnings at CE Generation, primarily due to the expiration of a favorable power purchase contract in 2010 and above normal rainfall inthe second quarter of 2009 at the Casecnan project, which resulted in lower variable ene rgy and water delivery fees earned in 2010.Saranac project.

Operating revenue increased $9Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests decreased $51 million and operating income increased $10 million for 20092011 compared to 2008 due to above normal rainfall in 2009 at the Casecnan project, which resulted in higher variable water delivery fees earned in 2009, partially offset by lower prices received on variable energy.
HomeServices
Operating revenue decreased $172010 and increased $41 million for 2010 compared to 2009 primarily due to a 7% decrease in closed brokerage units, partially offset by higher average home sales prices. Operating income increased $6 million for 2010 compared to 2009 primarily due to lower operating expenses and lower comm issions, partially offset by the lower operating revenue.
Operating revenue decreased $96 million for 2009 compared to 2008 due to declines in average home sale prices of 10% and transaction volumes of 1%. Lower mortgage and brokerage activity during the first nine months of 2009 was mostly offset by higher activity in the fourth quarter in part due to the new homebuyer credit. Operating income increased $69 million for 2009 compared to 2008 due to lower commissions, $30&nbs p;million of higher office closure charges taken in 2008 and lower other operating expenses, partially offset by the lower operating revenue.
Corporate/other
Operating income increased $110 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to $125a $54 million pre-tax charge in 2010 related to the CE Casecnan noncontrolling interest settlement.


49



Liquidity and Capital Resources

Each of stock-based compensation expense in 2009MEHC's direct and indirect subsidiaries is organized as a resultlegal entity separate and apart from MEHC and its other subsidiaries. It should not be assumed that the assets of any subsidiary will be available to satisfy MEHC's obligations or the purchaseobligations of common stock issued byits other subsidiaries. However, unrestricted cash or other assets that are available for distribution may, subject to applicable law, regulatory commitments and the terms of financing and ring-fencing arrangements for such parties, be advanced, loaned, paid as dividends or otherwise distributed or contributed to MEHC uponor affiliates thereof. The long-term debt of subsidiaries may include provisions that allow MEHC's subsidiaries to redeem it in whole or in part at any time. These provisions generally include make-whole premiums. Refer to Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion regarding the exerciselimitation of distributions from MEHC's subsidiaries.

As of December 31, 2011, the last remaining stock optionsCompany's total net liquidity was $3.741 billion. The components of total net liquidity are as follows (in millions):
       Northern    
     MidAmerican Powergrid    
 MEHC PacifiCorp Funding Holdings Other Total
            
Cash and cash equivalents$13
 $47
 $1
 $21
 $204
 $286
  
          
Credit facilities552
 1,355
 654
 233
 50
 2,844
Less:           
Short-term debt(108) (688) 
 (69) 
 (865)
Tax-exempt bond support and letters
of credit
(25) (304) (195) 
 
 (524)
Net credit facilities419
 363
 459
 164
 50
 1,455
            
Net liquidity before Berkshire
Equity Commitment
$432
 $410
 $460
 $185
 $254
 $1,741
Berkshire Equity Commitment(1)
2,000
  
  
  
  
 2,000
Total net liquidity$2,432
  
  
  
  
 $3,741
Unsecured revolving credit facilities: 
  
  
  
  
  
Maturity date2013
 2012, 2013
 2012, 2013
 2013
 2013
  
Largest single bank commitment as a % of total revolving credit facilities(2)
18% 16% 23% 33% 100%  

(1)MEHC has an Equity Commitment Agreement with Berkshire Hathaway (the "Berkshire Equity Commitment") pursuant to which Berkshire Hathaway has agreed to purchase up to $2.0 billion of MEHC's common equity upon any requests authorized from time to time by MEHC's Board of Directors. The proceeds of any such equity contribution shall only be used for the purpose of (a) paying when due MEHC's debt obligations and (b) funding the general corporate purposes and capital requirements of MEHC's regulated subsidiaries. The Berkshire Equity Commitment expires on February 28, 2014.
(2)An inability of financial institutions to honor their commitments could adversely affect the Company's short-term liquidity and ability to meet long-term commitments.

The above table does not include unused revolving credit facilities and letters of credit for investments that had been granted to certain members of management atare accounted for under the timeequity method.

In January 2012, MEHC entered into a $500 million revolving loan agreement with a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway's acquisitionHathaway that expires June 30, 2012. Refer to Note 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion regarding the Company's credit facilities.

In January 2012, subsidiaries of MEHC acquired ownership interests in 2000.two solar projects. Refer to Note 23 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion regarding the Company's equity commitments, letters of credit and other related items.


50



Operating Activities

Operating income decreased $124 million for 2009 compared to 2008 due to the $125 million of stock-based compensation expense in 2009.
Consolidated Other Income and Expense Items
Interest Expense
Interest expenseNet cash flows from operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 were $3.220 billion and $2.759 billion, respectively. The increase was primarily due to higher income tax receipts of $270 million mainly attributable to bonus depreciation, improved operating results, changes in collateral posted for derivative contracts and a Kern River customer rate refund in 2010, partially offset by changes in working capital.

Net cash flows from operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 were $2.759 billion and $3.572 billion, respectively. The decrease was mainly due to lower income tax receipts of $391 million due to the timing of repairs deductions and bonus depreciation, changes in collateral posted for derivative contracts, $128 million of net cash flows in 2009 related to the Constellation Energy transaction, which is comprised of $536 million of proceeds received from the sale of Constellation Energy common stock and $408 million of income taxes paid on gains recognized on the termination of the Constellation Energy merger agreement in December 2008 and the sale of stock in 2009, higher contributions to pension and other postretirement benefit plans and rate case refunds paid in 2010 at Kern River.

In September 2010, the President signed the Small Business Jobs Act into law, extending retroactively to January 1, 2010 the 50% bonus depreciation for qualifying property purchased and placed in service in 2010. In December 2010, the President signed the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 into law, which provided for 100% bonus depreciation for qualifying property purchased and placed in service after September 8, 2010 and prior to January 1, 2012, and extended 50% bonus depreciation for qualifying property purchased and placed in service after December 31, 2010 and prior to January 1, 2013. As a result of the new laws, the Company's cash flows from operations benefited in 2011 and are expected to benefit in 2012 due to bonus depreciation on qualifying assets placed in service.

Investing Activities

Net cash flows from investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 were $(2.816) billion and $(2.484) billion, respectively. The change was primarily due to higher capital expenditures of $91 million, proceeds received from the sale of certain Australian hydrocarbon exploration and development assets during the second quarter of 2010 totaling $78 million and net proceeds received from the sale of CE Gas (Australia) Limited during the third quarter of 2010 totaling $59 million and higher investments in companies accounted for under the equity method totaling $58 million.

Net cash flows from investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 were $(2.484) billion and $(2.669) billion, respectively. Capital expenditures decreased $820 million. In January 2009, the Company received $1 billion, plus accrued interest, in full satisfaction of the 14% Senior Notes from Constellation Energy. In July 2009, the Company purchased 225 million shares, representing approximately a 10% interest, of BYD Company Limited common stock for $232 million. Additionally, the Company received proceeds from the sales of certain CE Gas assets in 2010 totaling $137 million, partially offset by higher investments in companies accounted for under the equity method totaling $32 million.

Capital Expenditures

Capital expenditures, which exclude amounts for non-cash equity AFUDC and other non-cash items, by reportable segment for the years ended December 31 are summarized as follows (in millions):
 2010 2009 Change 2009 2008 Change
            
Subsidiary debt$844  $864  $(20) (2)% $864  $850  $14  2 %
MEHC senior debt and other329  331 
 
(2) (1) 331  348  (17)
 
(5)
MEHC subordinated debt-               
Berkshire Hathaway30  58  (28) (48) 58  111  (53) (48)
MEHC subordinated debt-other22  22     
 
22  24  (2)
 
(8)
Total interest expense$1,225  $1,275  $(50) (4) $1,275  $1,333  $(58) (4)
 2011 2010 2009
Capital expenditures:     
PacifiCorp$1,506
 $1,607
 $2,328
MidAmerican Funding566
 338
 439
MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group289
 293
 250
Northern Powergrid Holdings309
 349
 387
Other14
 6
 9
Total capital expenditures$2,684
 $2,593
 $3,413
Interest expense decreased $50 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to scheduled maturities, principal repayments and lower interest rates on variable rate debt.

51



The Company's capital expenditures relate primarily to the Utilities and consisted mainly of the following for the years ended December 31:

2011:
The construction of wind-powered generating facilities at MidAmerican Energy totaling $295 million, which excludes $647 million of costs for which payments are due in December 2013. MidAmerican Energy placed in service 594 MW during 2011 and is constructing an additional 407 MW to be placed in service in 2012.
Transmission system investments totaling $240 million, including permitting and right-of-way costs for the 100-mile high-voltage transmission line being built between the Mona substation in central Utah and the Oquirrh substation in the Salt Lake Valley. A 65-mile segment of the Mona to Oquirrh transmission project will be a single-circuit 500-kV transmission line, while the remaining 35-mile segment will be a double-circuit 345-kV transmission line. The transmission line is expected to be placed in service in 2013.
Emissions control equipment on existing generating facilities totaling $217 million for installation or upgrade of sulfur dioxide scrubbers, low nitrogen oxide burners and particulate matter control systems.
The development and construction of the Lake Side 2 637-MW combined-cycle combustion turbine natural gas-fueled generating facility ("Lake Side 2") totaling $180 million, which is expected to be placed in service in 2014.
Distribution, generation, mining and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand totaling $1.140 billion.

2010:
Emissions control equipment totaling $348 million.
Transmission system investments totaling $303 million, including construction costs for the first major segment of the Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Program, a 135-mile, double circuit, 345-kilovolt transmission line between the Populus substation in southern Idaho and the Terminal substation near Salt Lake City, Utah, which was fully placed in-service in 2010.
The development and construction of wind-powered generating facilities totaling $228 million. During 2010, PacifiCorp placed in service a 111 MW wind-powered generating facility, and MidAmerican Energy began contracting for the construction of 594 MW of wind-powered generating projects.
Distribution, generation, mining and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand totaling $1.066 billion.

2009:
Transmission system investments totaling $715 million, including a major segment of the Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Program at PacifiCorp.
Emissions control equipment totaling $372 million.
The development and construction of wind-powered generating facilities totaling $250 million, including 127 MW PacifiCorp placed in service in September 2009 and construction costs for PacifiCorp's 111-MW Dunlap Ranch wind-powered generating facility.
Distribution, generation, mining and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand totaling $1.430 billion.

Interest expense decreasedAdditionally, capital expenditures for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 include costs related to Kern River's expansion projects totaling $174 million, $129 million and $65 million, respectively. The 2010 Expansion project was placed in service in April 2010 and added 145,000 Dth per day of capacity. The Apex Expansion project was placed in service in October 2011 and added 266,000 Dth per day of capacity. The remaining amounts are for ongoing investments in distribution and other infrastructure needed at the other platforms to serve existing and expected demand.


52



Financing Activities

Net cash flows from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2011 were $58(589) million. Uses of cash totaled $1.924 billion and consisted mainly of $1.548 billion for repayments of subsidiary debt, repayments of MEHC subordinated debt totaling $334 million, including $191 million called and repaid at par value, and net payments to noncontrolling interest totaling $24 million. Sources of cash totaled $1.335 billion and consisted of proceeds from subsidiary debt totaling $790 million and net proceeds from short-term debt totaling $545 million. Debt issuances during the year ended December 31, 2011 included the following:
In May 2011, PacifiCorp issued $400 million of 3.85% First Mortgage Bonds due June 15, 2021. The net proceeds were used to fund capital expenditures, repay short-term debt and for general corporate purposes.
In April 2011, Northern Natural Gas issued $200 million of 4.25% Senior Notes due June 1, 2021. The net proceeds were used to partially repay its $250 million, 7.0% Senior Notes due June 1, 2011.
In January and February 2011, Northern Powergrid (Northeast) Limited issued £119 million of notes with maturity dates ranging from 2018 to 2020 at interest rates ranging from 3.901% to 4.586% under its finance contract with the European Investment Bank.

Net cash flows from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2010 were $(234) million. Uses of cash totaled $614 million and consisted mainly of repayments of MEHC subordinated debt totaling $281 million, including $92 million called and repaid at par value, repayments of subsidiary debt totaling $192 million, net payments to noncontrolling interests totaling $80 million and net purchases of common stock totaling $56 million. Sources of cash totaled $380 million and consisted of proceeds from subsidiary debt totaling $231 million and net proceeds from short-term debt totaling $149 million.

Net cash flows from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2009 were $(758) million. Uses of cash totaled $2.0 billion and consisted mainly of repayments of MEHC subordinated debt totaling $734 million, net repayments of short-term debt totaling $664 million, repayments of subsidiary debt totaling $444 million, net purchases of common stock of $123 million and net payments to noncontrolling interests totaling $19 million. Sources of cash totaled $1.242 billion and consisted of proceeds from the issuance of subsidiary debt totaling $992 million and proceeds from the issuance of MEHC senior debt totaling $250 million.

2012 Long-term Debt Transactions

In February 2012, Topaz issued $850 million of the 5.75% Series A Senior Secured Notes. The principal of the notes amortize beginning September 2015 with a final maturity in September 2039. The net proceeds will be used to fund or reimburse the costs and expenses related to the development, construction and financing of the Topaz Project, including amounts that have been advanced by, or will be advanced by, MEHC for the Topaz Project. Any unused amounts will be invested or, in certain circumstances, loaned to MEHC. Topaz expects to issue approximately $430 million of additional senior secured notes contingent upon certain contractual conditions and market conditions to fund construction costs.

In January 2012, PacifiCorp issued $350 million of its 2.95% First Mortgage Bonds due February 1, 2022 and $300 million of its 4.10% First Mortgage Bonds due February 1, 2042. The net proceeds were used to repay short-term debt, fund capital expenditures and for general corporate purposes.

The Company may from time to time seek to acquire its outstanding debt securities through cash purchases in the open market, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Any debt securities repurchased by the Company may be reissued or resold by the Company from time to time and will depend on prevailing market conditions, the Company's liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material.


53



Future Uses of Cash

The Company has available a variety of sources of liquidity and capital resources, both internal and external, including net cash flows from operating activities, public and private debt offerings, the issuance of commercial paper, the use of unsecured revolving credit facilities, the issuance of equity and other sources. These sources are expected to provide funds required for current operations, capital expenditures, acquisitions, investments, debt retirements and other capital requirements. The availability and terms under which each subsidiary has access to external financing depends on a variety of factors, including its credit ratings, investors' judgment of risk and conditions in the overall capital market, including the condition of the utility industry in general. Additionally, MEHC has the Berkshire Equity Commitment pursuant to which Berkshire Hathaway has agreed to purchase up to $2.0 billion of MEHC's common equity upon any requests authorized from time to time by MEHC's Board of Directors. The Berkshire Equity Commitment expires on February 28, 2014 and may only be used for the purpose of (a) paying when due MEHC's debt obligations and (b) funding the general corporate purposes and capital requirements of MEHC's regulated subsidiaries. Berkshire Hathaway will have up to 180 days to fund any such request in increments of at least $250 million pursuant to one or more drawings authorized by MEHC's Board of Directors. The funding of any such drawing will be made by means of a cash equity contribution to MEHC in exchange for additional shares of MEHC's common stock.

Capital Expenditures

The Company has significant future capital requirements. Capital expenditure needs are reviewed regularly by management and may change significantly as a result of these reviews, which may consider, among other factors, changes in rules and regulations, including environmental and nuclear; outcomes of regulatory proceedings; changes in income tax laws; general business conditions; load projections; system reliability standards; the cost and efficiency of construction labor, equipment and materials; and the cost and availability of capital. Prudently incurred expenditures for compliance-related items, such as pollution-control technologies, replacement generation, nuclear decommissioning, hydroelectric relicensing, hydroelectric decommissioning and associated operating costs are generally incorporated into MEHC's energy subsidiaries' regulated retail rates.

Forecasted capital expenditures, which exclude amounts for non-cash equity AFUDC and other non-cash items, for the years ended December 31 are as follows (in millions):
 2012 2013 2014
Forecasted capital expenditures:
     
Construction and other development projects$2,094
 $2,051
 $1,959
Operating projects1,753
 1,426
 1,638
Total$3,847
 $3,477
 $3,597

Construction and other development projects consist mainly of large scale projects at MidAmerican Renewables and the Utilities.

In January 2012, MEHC acquired Topaz and its 550-MW Topaz Project in California from a subsidiary of First Solar, Inc. ("First Solar"). The Topaz Project is expected to cost approximately $2.44 billion, including all interest during construction, and will be completed in 22 blocks with an aggregate tested capacity of 586 MW. The Topaz Project expects to place 45 MW in service in 2012, 236 MW in service in 2013, 252 MW in service in 2014 and 53 MW in service in 2015. The Topaz Project is being constructed pursuant to a fixed price, date certain, turn-key engineering, procurement and construction contract with a subsidiary of First Solar.

MEHC has committed to provide Topaz with equity to fund the costs of the Topaz Project in an amount up to $2.44 billion less, among other things, the gross proceeds of long-term debt issuances (including the gross proceeds of $850 million of the 5.75% Series A Senior Secured Notes issued by Topaz in February 2012), project revenue prior to completion and the total equity contributions made by MEHC or its subsidiaries. If MEHC does not maintain a minimum credit rating from two of the following three rating agencies of at least BBB- from Standard & Poor's Ratings Services or Fitch Ratings or Baa3 from Moody's Investors Service, MEHC's obligations under the equity commitment agreement would be supported by cash collateral or a letter of credit issued by a financial institution that meets certain minimum criteria specified in the financing documents. Upon reaching the final commercial operation date of the Topaz Project, MEHC will have no further obligation to make any equity contribution and any unused equity contribution obligations will be canceled.

The Utilities anticipate costs for emissions control equipment will total $1.361 billion between 2012 and 2014, which includes equipment to meet anticipated air quality and visibility targets, including the reduction of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions. This estimate includes the installation of new or the replacement of existing emissions control equipment at a number of units at several of the Utilities coal-fueled generating facilities.


54



PacifiCorp anticipates costs for transmission projects will total $1.205 billion between 2012 and 2014. The costs include PacifiCorp's Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Program totaling $905 million, including the following estimated costs:
$245 million for the 100-mile high-voltage transmission line being built between the Mona substation in central Utah and the Oquirrh substation in the Salt Lake Valley. A 65-mile segment of the Mona to Oquirrh transmission project will be a single-circuit 500-kV transmission line, while the remaining 35-mile segment will be a double-circuit 345-kV transmission line. The project is estimated to cost $374 million and is expected to be placed in service in 2013.
$288 million for the 160-mile single-circuit 345-kV transmission line being built between the Sigurd Substation in central Utah and the Red Butte Substation in southwest Utah. The Sigurd to Red Butte project is estimated to cost $380 million and is expected to be placed in service in 2015.
$372 million for other segments associated with the Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Program that are expected to be placed in service through 2021, depending on siting, permitting and construction schedules.

PacifiCorp anticipates costs for additional natural gas-fueled generating facilities will total $893 million between 2012 and 2014, which includes the construction of the Lake Side 2 natural gas-fueled generating facility that is expected to be placed in service in 2014, and the initial development and construction of another combined-cycle combustion turbine natural gas-fueled generating facility planned to be placed in service in 2016.

MidAmerican Energy is constructing 407 MW (nominal ratings) of wind-powered generation that it expects to place in service in 2012. Total costs are estimated to be $680 million, with the payment of over half of those costs deferred until the fourth quarter of 2015.

MidAmerican Renewables anticipates costs for the Bishop Hill II Project, an 81 MW wind-powered generating facility, will total $164 million in 2012. The Bishop Hill II Project is expected to be placed in service in 2012. Definitive agreements have been executed, subject to customary closing conditions, and the acquisition is expected to close in March 2012.

In December 2011, MidAmerican Energy received approval from the MISO for several MVPs located in Iowa and Illinois totaling approximately $550 million in capital expenditures, the bulk of which will be incurred in 2014-2017. As of December 31, 2011, MidAmerican Energy had not contractually committed to material amounts for these projects.

Separately, in July 2011, the FERC issued Order No. 1000, which addresses transmission planning and cost allocation issues. Among other things, Order No. 1000 removes the federal right of first refusal for certain new transmission investments approved by the MISO following its compliance filing with the FERC. MidAmerican Energy believes its approved MVPs are not subject to the loss of right of first refusal unless the projects are re-evaluated and changed under a three-year review process required by the FERC. MidAmerican Energy continues to actively review other impacts of Order No. 1000.

Capital expenditures related to operating projects consist of routine expenditures for distribution, generation, mining and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand.

Equity Investments

ETT, a company owned equally by subsidiaries of American Electric Power Company, Inc. and MEHC, owns and operates electric transmission assets in the ERCOT. In order to fund ETT's ongoing transmission investment, MEHC expects to make equity contributions to ETT during 2012, 2013 and 2014 of $107 million, $58 million and $4 million, respectively.

In January 2012, MEHC, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired from NRG Energy, Inc. a 49 percent interest in Agua Caliente, the owner of the 290-MW Agua Caliente Project in Arizona. The Agua Caliente Project is expected to costs approximately $1.8 billion and will be completed in 12 blocks with an aggregate tested capacity of 310 MW. The first 30-MW block of the Agua Caliente Project was placed in service in January 2012 and the Agua Caliente Project expects to place 112 additional MW in service in 2012, 136 MW in service in 2013 and 32 MW in service in 2014. The project is being constructed pursuant to a fixed price, date certain, turn-key engineering, procurement and construction contract with a subsidiary of First Solar. Construction costs are expected to be funded with equity contributions from MEHC and NRG Energy, Inc. and proceeds from a $967 million secured loan maturing in 2037 from an agency of the United States government as part of the United States Department of Energy loan guarantee program. Funding requests are submitted on a monthly basis and the approved loans accrue interest at a fixed rate based on the current average yield of comparable maturity United States Treasury rates plus a spread of 0.375%.


55



Pursuant to an equity funding and contribution agreement, MEHC has committed to provide Agua Caliente with funding for (a) base equity contributions of up to an aggregate amount of $303 million for the construction of the project, and (b) transmission upgrade costs. In January 2012, MEHC entered into a $303 million letter of credit facility related to its funding commitments. The equity funding and contribution agreement and the letter of credit commitment decreases as equity is contributed to the Agua Caliente Project.

Contractual Obligations
The Company has contractual cash obligations that may affect its consolidated financial condition. The following table summarizes the Company's material contractual cash obligations as of December 31, 2011 (in millions):
  Payments Due By Periods
    2013- 2015- 2017 and  
  2012 2014 2016 After Total
           
MEHC senior debt $742
 $250
 $
 $4,375
 $5,367
MEHC subordinated debt 22
 
 
 
 22
Subsidiary debt 434
 2,043
 663
 10,526
 13,666
Interest payments on long-term debt(1)
 1,073
 1,951
 1,809
 12,060
 16,893
Short-term debt 865
 
 
 
 865
Coal, electricity and natural gas contract commitments(1)
 1,389
 1,958
 1,261
 3,621
 8,229
Construction commitments(1)
 757
 466
 442
 52
 1,717
Operating leases and easements(1)
 89
 127
 71
 366
 653
Maintenance, service and other contracts(1)
 192
 172
 51
 142
 557
Total contractual cash obligations $5,563
 $6,967
 $4,297
 $31,142
 $47,969

(1)Not reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company has other types of commitments that arise primarily from unused lines of credit, letters of credit or relate to construction and other development costs (Liquidity and Capital Resources included within this Item 7), asset retirement obligations (Note 13) and uncertain tax positions (Note 15) which have not been included in the above table because the amount and timing of the cash payments are not certain. Additionally, refer to Note 23 for commitments that arose subsequent to December 31, 2011 and that are not included in the above table. Refer, where applicable, to the respective referenced note in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information.


56



Regulatory Matters

MEHC's regulated subsidiaries and certain affiliates are subject to comprehensive regulation. In addition to the discussion contained herein regarding regulatory matters, refer to Item 1 of this Form 10-K for further discussion regarding the general regulatory framework at MEHC's regulated subsidiaries.

PacifiCorp

Utah

In March 2009, comparedPacifiCorp filed for an ECAM with the UPSC. The filing recommended that the UPSC adopt the mechanism to 2008recover the difference between base net power costs set in the next Utah general rate case and actual net power costs. In July 2010, the UPSC issued an order approving a stipulation that would establish deferred accounts for both net power costs and REC revenues in excess of the levels currently included in rates, subject to the UPSC's final determination of the ratemaking treatment of the deferrals. In December 2010, the UPSC approved a separate stipulation that provided a $3 million monthly credit to customers effective January 1, 2011 to be applied toward the UPSC's final decision. In March 2011, the UPSC issued its final order approving the use of an EBA in Utah to begin at the conclusion of the general rate case described below. Under the EBA, which has been established as a four year pilot program, 70% of any difference between actual net power costs incurred and the amount of net power costs recovered through base rates are deferred during the calendar year. PacifiCorp must then file by March 15 of the following year to initiate collection or refund of the deferred balance. In April 2011, PacifiCorp filed a petition with the UPSC for clarification and reconsideration of certain aspects of the EBA order, including reconsideration of the UPSC's decision to exclude financial swaps from the EBA, which was granted in May 2011.

In January 2011, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the UPSC requesting a rate increase of $232 million, or an average price increase of 14%. In June 2011, PacifiCorp filed its rebuttal testimony with the UPSC reducing the requested rate increase to $188 million, or an average price increase of 11%. In July 2011, PacifiCorp filed a settlement with the UPSC, which was approved by the UPSC in August 2011 and resulted in a $117 million rate increase, or an average price increase of 7% effective September 21, 2011. The settlement resolved all major dockets outstanding before the UPSC. Under the terms of the settlement, financial swaps are included in the EBA and a collaborative process with Utah stakeholders may result in future modifications to PacifiCorp's risk management and hedging policies. The settlement also concluded the ratemaking treatment of deferred accounts for net power costs and estimated sales of RECs in excess of the levels included in rates since the 2009 general rate case. The settlement provides for $60 million of net power costs in excess of amounts included in base rates to be recovered from Utah customers over a three-year period beginning June 1, 2012, without carrying charges. The settlement also provides for a $33 million credit to customers related to sales of RECs that substantially occurred in prior years and that will be credited to Utah customers over a period of approximately nine months beginning September 21, 2011, plus carrying charges. The settlement also establishes a balancing account for prospective REC sales. The settlement stipulation defers decisions regarding the ratemaking treatment associated with the Klamath hydroelectric system's four mainstem dams and relicensing and settlement costs as described in Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

In November 2011, PacifiCorp filed with the UPSC to decrease its DSM cost recovery tariff in Utah by 1% of a customer's eligible monthly charges. In January 2012, the UPSC approved an all-party stipulation to reduce the DSM surcharge by 0.4% effective February 1, 2012. In addition, approximately $5 million will be credited to customers over a one-year period beginning June 1, 2012.

In February 2012, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the UPSC requesting a rate increase of $172 million, or an average price increase of 10%.

Oregon

In March 2011, PacifiCorp made its initial filing for the annual TAM with the OPUC for an annual increase of $62 million to recover the anticipated net power costs forecasted for calendar year 2012. In July 2011, PacifiCorp filed updated net power costs, reflecting an increase in the overall request to $63 million. In August 2011, PacifiCorp filed its surrebuttal testimony in the TAM proceeding decreasing the overall request to $59 million due to a reduction in forecasted net power costs. In September 2011, PacifiCorp reached a settlement with several parties, including the repaymentOPUC staff, to reduce the requested increase to $51 million, or an average price increase of $1 billion4%, subject to final net power cost updates in November 2011. In November 2011, the OPUC approved the overall rate increase of $51 million, or an average price increase of 4%. The new rates were effective January 1, 2012.


57



In October 2010, PacifiCorp filed its 2009 tax report under SB 408. In January 2011, PacifiCorp entered into a stipulation with the OPUC staff and the Citizens' Utility Board of Oregon, whereby PacifiCorp, the OPUC staff and the Citizens' Utility Board of Oregon agreed to a surcharge of $13 million, plus interest. In April 2011, the OPUC issued an order adopting the stipulation without significant modification. The $13 million, plus interest, was recorded in earnings in the second quarter of 2011 and is being collected over a one-year period that began in June 2011.

In May 2011, Oregon Senate Bill 967 ("SB 967") was enacted into law. SB 967 repealed and replaced SB 408, and as a result, PacifiCorp will no longer be required to file tax reports under SB 408. Among other matters, SB 967 directs the OPUC to consider the income tax component of rates when conducting ratemaking proceedings. The enactment of SB 967 did not impact PacifiCorp's consolidated financial results.

Wyoming

In April 2010, PacifiCorp filed an application with the WPSC requesting approval of a new ECAM to replace the existing PCAM. The PCAM concluded with the final deferral of net power costs in November 2010 and collection through March 2012. In February 2011, the WPSC issued an order approving an ECAM effective December 1, 2010, under which 70% of any difference between actual net power costs incurred and the amount of net power costs recovered through base rates, subject to certain other adjustments, are deferred as incurred during the calendar year. PacifiCorp must then file by March 15 of the following year to initiate collection or refund of the deferred balance beginning June 1.

In November 2010, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WPSC requesting a rate increase of $98 million, or an average price increase of 17%. In May 2011, PacifiCorp filed its rebuttal testimony with the WPSC reducing the requested rate increase to $80 million. In June 2011, the WPSC approved a multi-party stipulation resulting in an annual rate increase of $62 million, or an average price increase of 11% mandatory redeemable preferred securities. The stipulation also established a surcredit and a balancing account to affiliatespass on to or collect from customers any difference between the amount of Berkshire Hathawaythe REC sales established in the surcredit and actual REC sales. The surcredit will be established annually based on PacifiCorp's forecasted REC sales, and the difference between the surcredit and actual REC sales will be tracked in the balancing account. For 2011, the surcredit was set at $17 million, or a 3% reduction. The rates were effective September 22, 2011.

In February 2011, PacifiCorp filed its final PCAM application with the WPSC requesting recovery of $16 million in deferred net power costs over the 12-month period ending March 31, 2012. PacifiCorp requested and received approval from the WPSC to implement an $11 million interim rate increase over the $5 million reflected in the tariff to be effective from April 1, 2011 until the WPSC issues a final order. In September 2011, PacifiCorp reached an agreement with intervening parties and filed a stipulation with the WPSC to recover $14 million in deferred net power costs. In October 2011, the WPSC approved the stipulation with an effective date of November 1, 2011.

In December 2011, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WPSC requesting an annual increase of $63 million, or an average price increase of 10%. If approved by the WPSC, the new rates are expected to be effective October 9, 2012.

Washington

In May 2010, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WUTC requesting an annual increase of $57 million, or an average price increase of 21%. In November 2010, the requested annual increase was reduced to $49 million, or an average price increase of 18%. In March 2011, the WUTC issued a final order and clarification letter approving an annual increase of $33 million, or an average price increase of 12%, reduced in the first year by a customer bill credit of $5 million, or 2%, related to the sale of RECs expected during the twelve-month period ended March 31, 2012, as well as requiring PacifiCorp to submit additional information to the WUTC regarding the sales of RECs. The new rates were effective in April 2011. Although both PacifiCorp and the WUTC staff filed petitions for reconsideration of various items on the final order, the WUTC denied the petitions for reconsideration. In May 2011 PacifiCorp submitted to the WUTC the additional information required by the March 2011 order regarding PacifiCorp's proceeds from sales of RECs for the period January 1, 2009 forward and a detailed proposal for a tracking mechanism for proceeds of RECs. Intervening parties and WUTC staff are proposing that PacifiCorp refund to customers the amount of REC sales in excess of the amount included in base rates since January 1, 2009. Initial and reply briefs from all parties were filed in November 2011. Oral arguments were held before the WUTC in January 2012, and an order is expected during the first quarter of 2012.

In July 2011, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WUTC requesting an annual increase of $13 million, or an average price increase of 4%, with an effective date no later than June 1, 2012. In February 2012, the parties to the proceeding filed a settlement agreement with the WUTC reflecting an annual increase of $5 million, or an average price increase of 2%. A hearing on the settlement agreement is scheduled for March 2012.


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Idaho

In May 2010, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the IPUC requesting an annual increase of $28 million, or an average price increase of 14%. In November 2010, the requested annual increase was reduced to $25 million, or an average price increase of 12%. In December 2010, the IPUC issued an interim order approving an annual increase of $14 million, or an average price increase of 7% with an effective date of December 28, 2010. In February 2011, the IPUC issued its final order with no revisions to the December 2010 increase. In March 2011, PacifiCorp petitioned the IPUC seeking reconsideration or rehearing on certain aspects of the order, including the IPUC's conclusion that 27% of PacifiCorp's Populus to Terminal transmission line investment is not currently used and useful and should be carried as plant held for future use. The Idaho-allocated share of 27% of the investment is approximately $13 million. In April 2011, the IPUC issued an order, accepting in part and rejecting in part, PacifiCorp's motion for reconsideration, resulting in no significant changes to the IPUC's initial order. In May 2011, PacifiCorp filed an appeal of the Populus to Terminal decision to the Idaho Supreme Court requesting a determination on the legality of the IPUC's decision to exclude 27% of the Populus to Terminal line as a result of its conclusion that the line is not fully used and useful. As a result of the general rate case settlement process discussed below, PacifiCorp joined in a motion filed with the Idaho Supreme Court in October 2011, to stay the procedural schedule associated with the appeal until January 30, 2012, and the Idaho Supreme Court granted the motion. The matter was settled in the general rate case described below and the appeal was dismissed.

In May 2011, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the IPUC requesting an annual increase of $33 million, or an average price increase of 15%. In October 2011, a settlement was reached with the majority of parties in the case providing for a two-year agreement to increase rates by $17 million each year effective January 1, 2012 and January 1, 2013, representing average price increases of 8% and 7%, respectively. The settlement also resolved the dispute over the 27% of PacifiCorp's Populus to Terminal investment, providing for recovery of PacifiCorp's investment beginning on or after January 1, 2014. In January 2012, PacifiCorp received an order from the IPUC approving the settlement.

In February 2011, PacifiCorp filed an ECAM application with the IPUC requesting recovery of $13 million in deferred net power costs. In March 2011, the IPUC issued an order approving recovery of $10 million beginning April 1, 2011 and the remaining $3 million beginning in 2012.

In February 2012, PacifiCorp filed an ECAM application with the IPUC requesting recovery of $18 million in deferred net power costs through an increase to the current ECAM surcharge rate established in 2011. If approved, the new rates will be effective April 1, 2012.

MidAmerican Energy

On February 21, 2012, MidAmerican Energy filed an application with the IUB for an interim and final increase in Iowa retail electric rates in the form of two adjustment clauses to be added to customers' bills. The requested adjustment clauses and a modification to current revenue sharing provisions are consistent with a November 2011 settlement agreement between MidAmerican Energy and the OCA, in which the parties agree to support the proposed changes. The adjustment clauses would recover anticipated increases in retail coal and coal transportation costs and environmental control expenditures subject to an aggregate maximum of $39 million, or 3.4%, for 2012 and an additional $37 million for an aggregate maximum of $76 million for 2013, or a 3.2% increase from 2012. The requested modification to the existing revenue sharing provisions provides for MidAmerican Energy to share with its customers 20% of revenue associated with Iowa electric returns on equity between 10% and 10.5%, 50% of revenue associated with Iowa electric returns on equity between 10.5% and 11.75%, 75% of revenue associated with Iowa electric returns on equity between 11.75% and 13.0% and 83.3% of revenue associated with Iowa electric returns on equity above 13.0%. Such shared amounts would reduce MidAmerican Energy's investment in the Walter Scott, Jr. Energy Center Unit 4. There would be no revenue sharing for Iowa electric returns on equity below 10%. Pursuant to the settlement agreement, MidAmerican Energy is not precluded from seeking interim rate relief in 2013.

Kern River

In December 2009, the FERC issued an order establishing revised rates for the period of Kern River's current long-term contracts ("Period One rates") and required that rates be established based on a levelized rate design for eligible customers to elect to take service following the expiration of their current contracts ("Period Two rates"). The FERC set all other issues related to Period Two rates for hearing. In November 2010, the FERC issued an order that denied all requests for rehearing related to Period One rates from the FERC's December 2009 order and established that Kern River is entitled to base its Period Two rates on a 100% equity capital structure. In January 2011, Kern River filed a motion for clarification on certain depreciation issues with the FERC.


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In July 2011, the FERC issued its order substantially adopting the presiding administrative law judge's initial decision issued in connectionApril 2011 regarding Kern River's Period Two rates. According to the decisions, Period Two rates should be based on a return on equity of 11.55%, a capital structure of 100% and a levelization period that coincides with a contract length of 10 or 15 years. Kern River has a regulatory asset approved by the FERC associated with compressor engines and general plant replacements that can be recovered in a future rate case and was not incorporated into Period Two rates at this time. Kern River, as well as others, requested rehearing and clarification of the FERC's July 2011 order on a majority of the issues. Kern River filed tariffs in compliance with the purchaseFERC's order in August 2011 and, following an order on compliance, again in September 2011. In late September 2011, the FERC issued a second order on compliance, accepting Kern River's tariff filing. The FERC has not yet responded to the requests for rehearing and clarification of the Constellation Energy 8% preferred stock, debt retirements, scheduled principal repaymentsJuly 2011 order.

ETT

In December 2011, ETT filed its second Interim Transmission Cost of Service ("TCOS") of 2011 at the PUCT. The application was based on a test year ending October 31, 2011. The filing requested an increase in total transmission invested capital of $82 million and a total revenue requirement increase of $11 million. In January 2012, the PUCT staff recommended approval of ETT's second interim TCOS filing of 2011. ETT, along with PUCT staff, filed a joint proposed notice of approval. On January 31, 2012, the administrative law judge signed the final order making the new rates effective.

Environmental Laws and Regulations

The Company is subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations regarding air and water quality, RPS, emissions performance standards, climate change, coal combustion byproduct disposal, hazardous and solid waste disposal, protected species and other environmental matters that have the potential to impact the Company's current and future operations. In addition to imposing continuing compliance obligations, these laws and regulations provide regulators with the authority to levy substantial penalties for noncompliance including fines, injunctive relief and other sanctions. These laws and regulations are administered by the EPA and various other state, local and international agencies. All such laws and regulations are subject to a range of interpretation, which may ultimately be resolved by the courts. Environmental laws and regulations continue to evolve, and the Company is unable to predict the impact of the changing laws and regulations on its operations and consolidated financial results. The Company believes it is in material compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Refer to "Liquidity and Capital Resources" for discussion of the Company's forecasted environmental-related capital expenditures.

Clean Air Standards

The Clean Air Act is a federal law administered by the EPA that provides a framework for protecting and improving the nation's air quality and controlling sources of air emissions. The implementation of new standards is generally outlined in SIPs, which are a collection of regulations, programs and policies to be followed. SIPs vary by state and are subject to public hearings and EPA approval. Some states may adopt additional or more stringent requirements than those implemented by the EPA. The major Clean Air Act programs most directly affecting the Company's operations, are described below.

National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Under the authority of the Clean Air Act, the EPA sets minimum national ambient air quality standards for six principal pollutants, consisting of carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, ozone and sulfur dioxide, considered harmful to public health and the environment. Areas that achieve the standards, as determined by ambient air quality monitoring, are characterized as being in attainment, while those that fail to meet the standards are designated as being nonattainment areas. Generally, sources of emissions in a nonattainment area that are determined to contribute to the nonattainment are required to reduce emissions. Most air quality standards require measurement over a defined period of time to determine the average concentration of the pollutant present. Currently, air quality monitoring data indicates that all counties where MidAmerican Energy's major emission sources are located are in attainment of the current national ambient air quality standards.

In December 2009, the EPA designated the Utah counties of Davis and Salt Lake, as well as portions of Box Elder, Cache, Tooele, Utah and Weber counties, to be in nonattainment of the fine particulate matter standard. This designation has the potential to impact PacifiCorp's Lake Side and Gadsby generating facilities, depending on the requirements to be established in the Utah SIP. The impact, if any, on PacifiCorp's generating facilities is not anticipated to be significant.


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In January 2010, the EPA proposed a rule to strengthen the national ambient air quality standard for ground level ozone. The proposed rule arose out of legal challenges claiming that a March 2008 rule that reduced the standard from 80 parts per billion to 75 parts per billion was not strict enough. The new rule proposed a standard between 60 and 70 parts per billion. In September 2011, the President requested that the EPA withdraw the proposed ozone standard and allow the review of the standards to proceed through the regularly scheduled review in 2013. The EPA is, therefore, proceeding with implementation of the March 2008 ozone standards and, in December 2011, issued its response to states' recommendations on area attainment designations. Part of the EPA's response recommended that the Upper Green River Basin Area in Wyoming, including all of Sublette and portions of Lincoln and Sweetwater Counties, be designated as nonattainment for the March 2008 ozone standard. While PacifiCorp's Jim Bridger plant is located in Sweetwater County, it is not in the portion proposed for designation as nonattainment and is not expected to be impacted by the proposed designation. The EPA also published a proposed consent decree in the Federal Register in December 2011, requiring it to sign final designations for the March 2008 ozone standard by May 31, 2012.

In January 2010, the EPA finalized a one-hour air quality standard for nitrogen dioxide at 0.10 part per million. The EPA published final designations that are effective February 29, 2012, indicating that based on air quality monitoring data, all areas of the country are designated as "unclassifiable/attainment" for the 2010 nitrogen dioxide national ambient air quality standard.

In June 2010, the EPA finalized a new national ambient air quality standard for sulfur dioxide. Under the new rule, the existing 24-hour and annual standards for sulfur dioxide, which were 140 parts per billion measured over 24 hours and 30 parts per billion measured over an entire year, were replaced with a new one-hour standard of 75 parts per billion. The new rule will utilize a three-year average to determine attainment. The rule will utilize source modeling, in addition to the installation of ambient monitors where sulfur dioxide emissions impact populated areas, with new monitors required to be placed in service no later than January 2013. Attainment designations are due by June 2012, with SIPs due by 2014 and final attainment demonstrations by August 2017.

As new, more stringent standards are adopted, the number of counties designated as nonattainment areas is likely to increase. Businesses operating in newly designated nonattainment counties could face increased regulation and costs to monitor or reduce emissions. For instance, existing major emissions sources may have to install reasonably available control technologies to achieve certain reductions in emissions and undertake additional monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting. The construction or modification of facilities that are sources of emissions could become more difficult in nonattainment areas. Until additional monitoring and modeling is conducted, the impacts on the Company cannot be determined.

Mercury and Air Toxics Standards

The Clean Air Mercury Rule ("CAMR"), issued by the EPA in March 2005, was the United States' first attempt to regulate mercury emissions from coal-fueled generating facilities through the use of a market-based cap-and-trade system. The CAMR, which mandated emissions reductions of approximately 70% by 2018, was overturned by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ("D.C. Circuit") in February 2008. In March 2011, the EPA proposed a new rule that would require coal-fueled generating facilities to reduce mercury emissions and other hazardous air pollutants through the establishment of "Maximum Achievable Control Technology" standards rather than a cap-and-trade system. The final rule, MATS, was released by the EPA in December 2011 and published in the Federal Register on February 16, 2012, and requires that new and existing coal-fueled facilities achieve emission standards for mercury, acid gases and other non-mercury hazardous air pollutants. Existing sources are required to comply with the new standards within three years after the rule is final, with individual sources granted an additional year to complete installation of controls if approved by the permitting authority. While the final MATS continues to be reviewed by the Company, the Company believes that its emissions reduction projects completed to date or currently permitted or planned for installation, including scrubbers, baghouses and electrostatic precipitators are consistent with the EPA's MATS and will support the Company's ability to comply with the final rule's standards for acid gases and non-mercury metallic hazardous air pollutants. The Company will be required to take additional actions to reduce mercury emissions through the installation of controls or use of sorbent injection at certain of its coal-fueled generating facilities and otherwise comply with the final rule's standards. The Company is evaluating whether or not to close certain units. Incremental costs to install and maintain mercury emissions control equipment at the Company's coal-fueled generating facilities and any requirements to shut down generating facilities will increase the cost of providing service to customers.

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Clean Air Interstate Rule, Clean Air Transport Rule and Cross-State Air Pollution Rule

The EPA promulgated the CAIR in March 2005 to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, precursors of ozone and particulate matter, from down-wind sources. The CAIR required states in the eastern United States, including Iowa, to reduce emissions by implementing a plan based on a market-based cap-and-trade system, emissions reductions, or both. The CAIR created separate trading programs for nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emissions credits. The nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emissions reductions were planned to be accomplished in two phases, in 2009-2010 and 2015.

In July 2008, a three-judge panel of the D.C. Circuit issued a unanimous decision vacating the CAIR. In December 2008, the D.C. Circuit issued an opinion remanding, without vacating, the CAIR back to the EPA to conduct proceedings to fix the flaws in CAIR consistent with the D.C. Circuit's July 2008 ruling.

In July 2010, the EPA proposed the Clean Air Transport Rule ("Transport Rule"), a replacement of the CAIR, which required electric generating units in 31 states and the District of Columbia to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide on a state-by-state basis in accordance with each state's modeled contribution to nonattainment of the ozone and fine particulate standards in downwind states. The emissions reductions required under the Transport Rule were intended only to resolve transported emissions and not to resolve air quality issues in the states where the generation is located. The Transport Rule's emissions reduction requirements were proposed to take place in two phases, with the first phase beginning in 2012 and the second phase beginning in 2014. By 2014, the Transport Rule and other state and EPA actions would reduce power plant nitrogen oxides emissions by 52% and sulfur dioxide emissions by 71% from 2005 levels in covered states. The EPA proposed to administer separate trading programs for nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide credits under the Transport Rule. Facilities were required to comply with the CAIR until the Transport Rule became effective.

In July 2011, the EPA issued the final Transport Rule, renamed the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule ("CSAPR"), to address interstate transport of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions in 27 eastern and Midwestern states. Upon full implementation in 2014, the CSAPR will reduce total sulfur dioxide emissions by 73% and nitrogen oxides emissions by 54% at electric generating facilities in the 27-state region as compared to 2005 levels. MidAmerican Energy's coal-fueled generating facilities in Iowa are impacted by and required to make emissions reductions and otherwise comply with the CSAPR. In addition to issuing the final rule, the EPA issued a supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking to include Iowa and five other states in the ozone season nitrogen oxides emissions reduction requirements. The ozone season supplemental proposal was finalized in December 2011, and includes Iowa and four other states in the CSAPR ozone season nitrogen oxide emission reduction requirements. While MidAmerican Energy operates natural gas-fueled generating facilities in Iowa and MidAmerican Renewables operates natural gas-fueled generating facilities within the states of Illinois, Texas and New York, which are in the CSAPR region, no significant impact is expected on those generating facilities.

In December 2011, the D.C. Circuit issued a stay on the implementation of the CSAPR pending consideration of several petitions for review before the court. The court held that the CAIR should be administered pending the resolution of the pending petitions for review.

MidAmerican Energy is currently complying with the CAIR and has installed or is in the process of installing emissions controls at some of its generating facilities to comply with the CAIR and may purchase nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emissions credits for emissions in excess of allocated allowances. The cost of these credits is subject to market conditions at the time of purchase and historically has not been material. The full impact of the CSAPR, or the CAIR, cannot be determined until the outcome of the litigation pending in the D.C. Circuit or the stay of the CSAPR is lifted. It is possible that the existing CAIR or the CSAPR may be replaced with more stringent requirements to reduce nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emissions and that these requirements could be extended to the western United States through regulation or legislation such as a multi-pollutant emissions reduction bill.

MidAmerican Renewables' natural gas generating facilities in Texas, Illinois and New York are also subject to the CAIR until the CSAPR is adopted. However, the provisions are not anticipated to have a material impact on the Company. PacifiCorp's generating facilities are not subject to the CAIR or the CSAPR.

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Regional Haze

The EPA has initiated a regional haze program intended to improve visibility in designated federally protected areas ("Class I areas"). Some of PacifiCorp's coal-fueled generating facilities in Utah and Wyoming and MidAmerican Energy's coal-fueled generating facilities meet the threshold applicability criteria to be eligible units under the Clean Air Visibility Rules. In accordance with the federal requirements, states were required to submit SIPs by December 2007 to demonstrate reasonable progress towards achieving natural visibility conditions in Class I areas by requiring emissions controls, known as best available retrofit technology, on sources constructed between 1962 and 1977 with emissions that are anticipated to cause or contribute to impairment of visibility. Utah submitted its most recent regional haze SIP amendments in 2011 and suggested that the emissions reduction projects planned by PacifiCorp are sufficient to meet its initial emissions reduction requirements. In September 2011, the Company received a Section 114 request for information from the EPA Region VIII requiring the Company to submit a five-factor best available retrofit technology analysis for PacifiCorp's Hunter Units 1 and 2 and the Huntington generating facility in Utah within 30 days based on the EPA's assertion that Utah failed to submit such an analysis. The Company responded to the request in November 2011 and indicated it would work with the Utah Division of Air Quality to complete the requested analysis which, based on a schedule proposed by Utah to the EPA, will be part of a process to conclude with a submittal to the EPA in February 2013. Wyoming submitted its regional haze SIP to the EPA in January 2011. The EPA is currently under a consent decree to issue a proposed decision on the Wyoming SIP by May 15, 2012, and a final decision by October 15, 2012. PacifiCorp believes that its planned emissions reduction projects will satisfy the regional haze requirements in Utah and Wyoming. It is possible that additional controls may be required after the respective SIPs have been considered by the EPA or that the timing of installation of planned controls could change.

The EPA's rejection of regional haze SIPs based on the state's selection of less stringent controls than the EPA believes are warranted has resulted in lawsuits being filed by states and affected entities. Cases are pending before the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals by New Mexico and Oklahoma and additional cases are likely to be filed.

In December 2011, the EPA proposed to accept the emission reductions made by states impacted by the CSAPR, including Iowa, as meeting the requirements of the regional haze program. If the EPA finalizes the proposal, no further emission reductions are expected from MidAmerican Energy's coal-fueled generating facilities for purposes of meeting the regional haze requirements.

New Source Review

Under existing New Source Review ("NSR") provisions of the Clean Air Act, any facility that emits regulated pollutants is required to obtain a permit from the EPA or a state regulatory agency prior to (a) beginning construction of a new major stationary source of a regulated pollutant or (b) making a physical or operational change to an existing stationary source of such pollutants that increases certain levels of emissions, unless the changes are exempt under the regulations (including routine maintenance, repair and replacement of equipment). In general, projects subject to NSR regulations require pre-construction review and permitting under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration ("PSD") provisions of the Clean Air Act. Under the PSD program, a project that emits threshold levels of regulated pollutants must undergo an analysis to determine the best available control technology and evaluate the most effective emissions controls after consideration of a number of factors. Violations of NSR regulations, which may be alleged by the EPA, states, environmental groups and others, potentially subject a company to material fines and other sanctions and remedies, including installation of enhanced pollution controls and funding of supplemental environmental projects.

Numerous changes have been proposed to the NSR rules and regulations over the last several years. In addition to the proposed changes, differing interpretations by the EPA and the courts create risk and uncertainty for entities when seeking permits for new projects and installing emissions controls at existing facilities under NSR requirements. The Company monitors these changes and interpretations to ensure permitting activities are conducted in accordance with the applicable requirements.

As part of an industry-wide investigation to assess compliance with the NSR and PSD provisions, the EPA has requested information and supporting documentation from numerous utilities regarding their capital projects for various coal-fueled generating facilities. A NSR enforcement case against an unrelated utility has been decided by the United States Supreme Court, holding that an increase in the annual emissions of a generating facility, when combined with a modification (i.e., a physical or operational change), may trigger NSR permitting. Between 2001 and 2003, PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy responded to requests for information relating to their capital projects at their coal-fueled generating facilities. PacifiCorp engaged in periodic discussions with the EPA over several years regarding PacifiCorp's historical projects and their compliance with NSR and PSD provisions. In September 2011, PacifiCorp received a letter from the EPA concluding these discussions. PacifiCorp cannot predict the next steps in this process and could be required to install additional emissions controls and incur additional costs and penalties in the event it is determined that PacifiCorp's historical projects did not meet all regulatory requirements.


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In October 2011, MidAmerican Energy received a request from the EPA Region VII pursuant to Section 114 of the Clean Air Act for information on its coal-fueled generating facilities to supplement the requests made in 2002 and 2003. MidAmerican Energy submitted its response to the October 2011 request in December 2011. MidAmerican Energy cannot predict the outcome of this matter at this time.

Climate Change

In April 2011, the United States House of Representatives voted 255-177 on a bill (H.R. 910) that would prevent the EPA from regulating GHG emissions. No action has been taken by the Senate on the bill. While significant measures to regulate GHG emissions at the federal level were considered by the United States Congress in 2010, comprehensive climate change legislation has not been adopted. International discussions regarding climate change continue to be held periodically, but agreement has not been reached on how nations will address future climate change commitments upon the expiration of the Kyoto Protocol in December 2012.

In December 2009, the EPA published its findings that GHG threaten the public health and welfare and is pursuing regulation of GHG emissions under the Clean Air Act. Additionally, in May 2010, the EPA issued the GHG "Tailoring Rule" to address permitting requirements for GHG after determining that GHG are subject to regulation and would trigger Clean Air Act permitting requirements for stationary sources beginning in January 2011. Numerous lawsuits have been filed on both the EPA's endangerment finding and the tailoring rule and are pending in the D.C. Circuit with arguments scheduled to take place in February 2012.

While the debate continues at the federal and international level over the direction of climate change policy, several states have developed or are developing state-specific laws or regional initiatives to report or mitigate GHG emissions. In addition, governmental, non-governmental and environmental organizations have become more active in pursuing climate change related litigation under existing laws.

California mandatory GHG reporting requirements began with 2008 emissions and PacifiCorp has reported its GHG emissions annually since their inception. In September 2009, the EPA issued its final rule regarding mandatory reporting of GHG ("GHG Reporting") beginning January 1, 2010. Under GHG Reporting, suppliers of fossil fuels, manufacturers of vehicles and engines, and facilities that emit 25,000 metric tons or more per year of GHG are required to submit annual reports to the EPA. PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy and MidAmerican Renewables are subject to this requirement and submitted their first reports prior to September 30, 2011. Northern Natural Gas and Kern River reported their combustion-related GHG emissions prior to September 30, 2011, and are required to report their GHG emissions from equipment leaks and venting by September 28, 2012. The EPA released the 2010 GHG emissions reports in January 2012.

In the absence of comprehensive climate legislation or regulation, the Company has continued to invest in lower- and non-carbon generating resources and to operate in an environmentally responsible manner. Examples of the Company's significant investments in programs and facilities that will mitigate its GHG emissions include:
MidAmerican Energy owns the largest and PacifiCorp owns the second largest portfolio of wind-powered generating capacity in the United States among rate-regulated utilities. As of December 31, 2011, the Company owned 2,909 MW of operating wind-powered generating capacity at a total cost of $5.4 billion. MidAmerican Energy is constructing an additional 407 MW of wind-powered generation that it expects to place in service in 2012. Additionally, the Company has power purchase agreements with 858 MW of wind-powered generating capacity.
PacifiCorp owns 1,145 MW of hydroelectric generating capacity.
In January 2012, MEHC, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired the 550-MW Topaz Project and a 49 percent interest in the 290-MW Agua Caliente Project. The electricity delivered by the Topaz Project and Agua Caliente Project is being and will be sold to PG&E and will help PG&E meet its obligations under a California state mandate to procure capacity and electricity from renewable resources.
PacifiCorp's Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Program represents a planto build approximately 2,000 miles of new high-voltage transmission lines with an estimated cost exceeding $6 billion. The plan includes several transmission line segments that will: (a) address customer load growth; (b) improve system reliability; (c) reduce transmission system constraints; (d) provide access to diverse generation resources, including renewable resources; and (e) improve the flow of electricity throughout PacifiCorp's six-state service area.

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ETT plans to construct $1.5 billion of transmission investment in support of CREZ. CREZ is a transmission plan that advances the development of over 18,000 MW of new wind-powered generation in Texas. Additionally, AEP subsidiaries have transferred to ETT the obligation to build approximately $1.7 billion of transmission projects within ERCOT. Through December 31, 2011, $1.1 billion has been spent, of which $617 million has been placed in service. ETT's transmission system included 445 miles of transmission lines and 19 substations as of December 31, 2011.
PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy have offered customers a comprehensive set of DSM programs for more than 20 years. The programs assist customers to manage the timing of their usage, as well as to reduce overall energy consumption, resulting in lower utility bills.
The Utilities have installed and upgraded emissions control equipment at certain of its coal-fueled generating facilities to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
MEHC holds a 10% interest in BYD Company Limited, which continues to make advances in applying its proprietary battery technology to electric vehicles and has also developed an energy storage system, solar power system, hybrid energy system and other green energy solutions.

The impact of potential federal, regional, state and international accords, legislation, regulation, or judicial proceedings related to climate change cannot be quantified in any meaningful range at this time. New requirements limiting GHG emissions could have a material adverse impact on the Company, the United States and the global economy. Companies and industries with higher GHG emissions, such as utilities with significant coal-fueled generating facilities, will be subject to more direct impacts and greater financial and regulatory risks. The impact is dependent on numerous factors, none of which can be meaningfully quantified at this time. These factors include, but are not limited to, the magnitude and timing of GHG emissions reduction requirements; the design of the requirements; the cost, availability and effectiveness of emissions control technology; the price, distribution method and availability of offsets and allowances used for compliance; government-imposed compliance costs; and the existence and nature of incremental cost recovery mechanisms. Examples of how new requirements may impact the Company include:
Additional costs may be incurred to purchase required emissions allowances under any market-based cap-and-trade system in excess of allocations that are received at no cost. These purchases would be necessary until new technologies could be developed and deployed to reduce emissions or lower carbon generation is available;
Acquiring and renewing construction and operating permits for new and existing generating facilities may be costly and difficult;
Additional costs may be incurred to purchase and deploy new generating technologies;
Costs may be incurred to retire existing coal-fueled generating facilities before the end of their otherwise useful lives or to convert them to burn fuels, such as natural gas or biomass, that result in lower emissions;
Operating costs may be higher and generating unit outputs may be lower;
Higher interest and financing costs and reduced access to capital markets may result to the extent that financial markets view climate change and GHG emissions as a business risk; and
The Company's natural gas pipeline operations, electric transmission and retail sales may be impacted in response to changes in customer demand and requirements to reduce GHG emissions.

The impact of events or conditions caused by climate change, whether from natural processes or human activities, could vary widely, from highly localized to worldwide, and the extent to which a utility's operations may be affected is uncertain. Climate change may cause physical and financial risk through, among other things, sea level rise, changes in precipitation and extreme weather events. Consumer demand for energy may increase or decrease, based on overall changes in weather and as customers promote lower energy consumption through the continued use of energy efficiency programs or other means. Availability of resources to generate electricity, such as water for hydroelectric production and cooling purposes, may also be impacted by climate change and could influence the Company's existing and future electricity generating portfolio. These issues may have a direct impact on the costs of electricity production and increase the price customers pay or their demand for electricity.

International Accords

Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted in 1992, members of the convention meet periodically to discuss international responses to climate change. To date, the United States has not made a binding reduction commitment as a result of these international discussions.


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Federal Legislation

Legislation introduced in the 112th Congress has been focused on repeal or delay of the EPA's ability to regulate GHG emissions. There is currently no federal legislation pending to regulate GHG emissions.

GHG Tailoring Rule

The EPA finalized the GHG "Tailoring Rule" in May 2010 requiring new or modified sources of GHG emissions with increases of 75,000 or more tons per year of total GHG to determine the best available control technology for their GHG emissions beginning in January 2011. New or existing major sources will also be subject to Title V operating permit requirements for GHG. Beginning July 1, 2011 through June 30, 2013, new construction projects that emit GHG emissions of at least 100,000 tons per year and modifications of existing facilities that increase GHG emissions by at least 75,000 tons per year will be subject to permitting requirements and facilities that were previously not subject to Title V permitting requirements will be required to obtain Title V permits if they emit at least 100,000 tons per year of carbon dioxide equivalents. Several legal challenges to the GHG Tailoring Rule have been filed in the D.C. Circuit. The EPA issued a GHG best available control technology guidance document in November 2010 in an effort to provide permitting authorities guidance on how to conduct a best available control technology review for GHG.

MidAmerican Energy has obtained and is in the process of obtaining permits to install emissions reduction equipment at existing generating facilities to comply with CSAPR and was required to assess the impacts of the projects on GHG emissions. A GHG emissions limit was imposed on the permits for those projects and management believes compliance with the GHG limits under these permits will not result in a material adverse impact on its operations. PacifiCorp's permitting of certain existing generating facilities to install emissions reduction equipment to comply with the Regional Haze Rules assessed the impacts of the projects on GHG emissions under the GHG Tailoring Rule. No GHG emissions limit was included in the permits. However, PacifiCorp's Lake Side 2 was subject to a best available control technology review and the permit includes a limit for carbon dioxide equivalent emissions. To date, permitting authorities implementing the GHG Tailoring Rule have included efficiency improvements to demonstrate compliance with best available control technology for GHG, as well as requiring emissions limits for GHGs in permits; as such, the impacts of the Tailoring Rule on the Company have not been material.

GHG New Source Performance Standards

Under the Clean Air Act, the EPA may establish emissions standards that reflect the degree of emissions reductions achievable through the best technology that has been demonstrated, taking into consideration the cost of achieving those reductions and any non-air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. The EPA entered into a settlement agreement with a number of parties, including certain state governments and environmental groups, in December 2010 to promulgate emissions standards covering GHG by September 30, 2011, as amended, and issue final regulations by May 26, 2012. However, in mid-September, the EPA indicated it would not meet the September 30, 2011 deadline to promulgate the standards and it has not yet established a new schedule for issuing the proposed rules. It is unclear what standards the EPA will establish for new and modified sources or what the guidelines will be for existing sources. Until the standards are proposed and finalized, the impact on the Company cannot be determined.

Regional and State Activities

Several states have promulgated or otherwise participate in state-specific or regional laws or initiatives to report or mitigate GHG emissions. These are expected to impact PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy and other MEHC energy subsidiaries, and include:
The Western Climate Initiative was established as a comprehensive regional effort to reduce GHG emissions by 15% below 2005 levels by 2020 through a cap-and-trade program that includes the electricity sector. The Western Climate Initiative initially included the states of California, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah and Washington and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec. However, only California, British Columbia and Quebec are moving forward under the initiative, with the other states focused on efforts to design, promote and implement cost-effective policies to reduce GHG emissions and create economic opportunities.
In October 2011, the California Air Resources Board adopted a GHG cap-and-trade program with an effective date of January 1, 2012; compliance obligations will be imposed on entities beginning in 2013. In addition, California law imposes a GHG emissions performance standard to all electricity generated within the state or delivered from outside the state that is no higher than the GHG emissions levels of a state-of-the-art combined-cycle natural gas-fueled generating facility, as well as legislation that adopts an economy-wide cap on GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020.

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Over the past several years, the states of California, Washington and Oregon have adopted GHG emissions performance standards for base load electrical generating resources. Under the laws in all three states, the emissions performance standards provide that emissions must not exceed 1,100 pounds of carbon dioxide per MWh. These GHG emissions performance standards generally prohibit electric utilities from entering into long-term financial commitments (e.g., new ownership investments, upgrades, or new or renewed contracts with a term of five or more years) unless any base load generation supplied under long-term financial commitments comply with the GHG emissions performance standards.
The Washington and Oregon governors enacted legislation in May 2007 and August 2007, respectively, establishing goals for the reduction of GHG emissions in their respective states. Washington's goals seek to (a) reduce emissions to 1990 levels by 2020; (b) reduce emissions to 25% below 1990 levels by 2035; and (c) reduce emissions to 50% below 1990 levels by 2050, or 70% below Washington's forecasted emissions in 2050. Oregon's goals seek to (a) cease the growth of Oregon GHG emissions by 2010; (b) reduce GHG levels to 10% below 1990 levels by 2020; and (c) reduce GHG levels to at least 75% below 1990 levels by 2050. Each state's legislation also calls for state government to develop policy recommendations in the future to assist in the monitoring and achievement of these goals.
In Iowa, legislation enacted in 2007 required the Iowa Climate Change Advisory Council ("ICCAC"), a 23-member group appointed by the Iowa governor, to develop scenarios designed to reduce statewide GHG emissions, including one scenario that would reduce emissions by 50% by 2050, and submit its recommendations to the legislature. The ICCAC also developed a second scenario to reduce GHG emissions by 90% with reductions in both scenarios from 2005 emissions levels. In January 2009, the ICCAC presented to the Iowa governor and legislature several policy options to consider to achieve GHG emissions reductions, including enhanced energy efficiency programs and increased renewable generation. No legislation has yet been enacted that would require GHG emissions reductions.
In November 2007, the Iowa governor signed the Midwest Greenhouse Gas Accord and the Energy Security and Climate Stewardship Platform for the Midwest. The signatories to the platform were other Midwestern states that agreed to implement a regional cap-and-trade system for GHG emissions. Advisory group recommendations included the assessment of 2020 emissions reduction targets of 15%, 20% and 25% below 2005 levels and a 2050 target of 60% to 80% below 2005 levels. In addition, the accord calls for the participating states to collectively meet at least 2% of regional annual retail sales of electricity and natural gas through energy efficiency improvements by 2015 and continue to achieve an additional 2% in efficiency improvements every year thereafter. There has been no further progress in implementing a Midwest regional cap-and-trade program.
The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, a mandatory, market-based effort to reduce GHG emissions in ten Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic states, requires, beginning in 2009, the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector of 10% by 2018. In May 2011, New Jersey withdrew from participation in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative and in June 2011, a lawsuit filed in New York alleged that the state of New York unlawfully joined the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative without legislative approval.

GHG Litigation

The Company closely monitors ongoing environmental litigation. Many of the pending cases described below relate to lawsuits against industry that attempt to link GHG emissions to public or private harm. The Company believes the cases are without merit, despite decisions where United States Courts of Appeals reversed district court rulings dismissing the cases in 2009. The lower courts initially refrained from adjudicating the cases under the "political question" doctrine, because of their inherently political nature. Nevertheless, an adverse ruling in any of these cases would likely result in increased regulation of GHG emitters, including the Company's generating facilities, and financial uncertainty.

In September 2009, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ("Second Circuit") issued its opinion in the case of Connecticut v. American Electric Power, et al, which remanded to the lower court a nuisance action by eight states and the City of New York against five large utility emitters of carbon dioxide. The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York ("Southern District of New York") dismissed the case in 2005, holding that the claims that GHG emissions from the defendants' coal-fueled generating facilities were causing harmful climate change and should be enjoined as a public nuisance under federal common law presented a "political question" that the court lacked jurisdiction to decide. The Second Circuit rejected this conclusion and stated the Southern District of New York was not precluded from determining the case on its merits. In December 2010, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear the case on appeal from the Second Circuit and issued its decision in June 2011 dismissing the federal common law claim of nuisance and holding that the Clean Air Act provides a means to seek limits on emissions of carbon dioxide on power plants.


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In October 2009, a three-judge panel in the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ("Fifth Circuit") issued its opinion in the case of Ned Comer, et al. v. Murphy Oil USA, et al., ("Comer I") a putative class action lawsuit against insurance, oil, coal and chemical companies, based on claims that the defendants' GHG emissions contributed to global warming that in turn caused a rise in sea levels and added to the ferocity of Hurricane Katrina, which combined to damage the plaintiff's private property, as well as public property. In 2007, the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi ("Southern District of Mississippi") dismissed the case based on the lack of standing and further held that the claims were barred by the political question doctrine. In March 2010, the full court of the Fifth Circuit agreed to rehear the case; however, in May 2010, the Fifth Circuit dismissed the appeal for failure to have a quorum, resulting in the Southern District of Mississippi's decision, holding that property owners did not have standing to sue for climate change and that climate change was a political question for the United States Congress, standing as good law. The plaintiffs filed a petition asking the United States Supreme Court to direct the Fifth Circuit to reinstate the appeal and return it to the original panel. In January 2011, the United States Supreme Court denied the request, resulting in the original dismissal of the case to stand. However, on May 27, 2011, the Comer case was refiled ("Comer II") in the Southern District of Mississippi. The defendants in Comer II have filed a motion to dismiss, which is pending before the court. The Company was not a party in Comer I and is not a party in Comer II.

In October 2009, the United States District Court for the Northern District of California ("Northern District of California") granted the defendants' motions to dismiss in the case of Native Village of Kivalina v. ExxonMobil Corporation, et al. The plaintiffs filed their complaint in February 2008, asserting claims against 24 defendants, including electric generating companies, oil companies and a coal company, for public nuisance under state and federal common law based on the defendants' GHG emissions. MEHC was a named defendant in the Kivalina case. The Northern District of California dismissed all of the plaintiffs' federal claims, holding that the court lacked subject matter jurisdiction to hear the claims under the political question doctrine, and that the plaintiffs lacked standing to bring their claims. The Northern District of California declined to hear the state law claims and the case was dismissed without prejudice to their future presentation in an appropriate state court. In November 2009, the plaintiff's appealed the case to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ("Ninth Circuit") where briefing has been completed, but the case has not yet been scheduled for oral argument. In February 2011, the Ninth Circuit stayed the case, pending the issuance of the United States Supreme Court's decision in Connecticut v. American Electric Power, et al. The oral arguments in Kivalina were held before the Ninth Circuit in November 2011 and the parties await the court's decision.

Renewable Portfolio Standards

The RPS described below could significantly impact the Company's consolidated financial results. Resources that meet the qualifying electricity requirements under the RPS vary from state to state. Each state's RPS requires some form of compliance reporting, and the Company can be subject to penalties in the event of noncompliance.

In November 2006, Washington voters approved a ballot initiative establishing a RPS requirement for qualifying electric utilities, including PacifiCorp. The requirements are 3% of retail sales by January 1, 2012 through 2015, 9% of retail sales by January 1, 2016 through 2019 and 15% of retail sales by January 1, 2020. The WUTC has adopted final rules to implement the initiative.

In June 2007, the Oregon Renewable Energy Act ("OREA") was adopted, providing a comprehensive renewable energy policy and RPS for Oregon. Subject to certain exemptions and cost limitations established in the OREA, PacifiCorp and other qualifying electric utilities must meet minimum qualifying electricity requirements for electricity sold to retail customers of at least 5% in 2011 through 2014, 15% in 2015 through 2019, 20% in 2020 through 2024, and 25% in 2025 and subsequent years. As required by the OREA, the OPUC has approved an automatic adjustment clause to allow an electric utility, including PacifiCorp, to recover prudently incurred costs of its investments in renewable energy generating facilities and associated transmission costs.

In April 2011, the California governor signed into law Senate Bill 2 of the First Extraordinary Session that expanded the RPS to require all California retail sellers to procure an average of 20% of retail load from renewable resources by December 31, 2013, 25% by December 31, 2016 and 33% by December 31, 2020 and each year thereafter. In December 2011, the CPUC adopted a decision confirming that multi-jurisdictional utilities, such as PacifiCorp, are not subject to the percentage limits within the three categories of RPS-eligible resources established by the legislation that have been imposed on other California retail sellers. The CPUC is in the process of an extensive rulemaking to implement the new requirements under the legislation.

In March 2008, Utah's governor signed Utah Senate Bill 202. Among other things, this law provides that, beginning in the year 2025, 20% of adjusted retail electric sales of all Utah utilities be supplied by renewable energy, if it is cost effective. Retail electric sales will be adjusted by deducting the amount of generation from sources that produce zero or reduced carbon emissions, and for sales avoided as a result of energy efficiency and DSM programs. Qualifying renewable energy sources can be located anywhere in the WECC areas, and renewable energy credits can be used.


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Water Quality Standards

The federal Water Pollution Control Act ("Clean Water Act") establishes the framework for maintaining and improving water quality in the United States through a program that regulates, among other things, discharges to and withdrawals from waterways. The Clean Water Act requires that cooling water intake structures reflect the "best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impact" to aquatic organisms. In July 2004, the EPA established significant new technology-based performance standards for existing electric generating facilities that take in more than 50 million gallons of water per day. These rules were aimed at minimizing the adverse environmental impacts of cooling water intake structures by reducing the number of aquatic organisms lost as a result of water withdrawals. In response to a legal challenge to the rule, in January 2007, the Second Circuit remanded almost all aspects of the rule to the EPA, without addressing whether companies with cooling water intake structures were required to comply with these requirements. On appeal from the Second Circuit, in April 2009, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the EPA permissibly relied on a cost-benefit analysis in setting the national performance standards regarding "best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impact" at cooling water intake structures and in providing for cost-benefit variances from those standards as part of the §316(b) Clean Water Act Phase II regulations. The United States Supreme Court remanded the case back to the Second Circuit to conduct further proceedings consistent with its opinion.

In March 2011, the EPA released a proposed rule under §316(b) of the Clean Water Act to regulate cooling water intakes at existing facilities. The proposed rule establishes requirements for all power generating facilities that withdraw more than two million gallons per day, based on total design intake capacity, of water from waters of the United States and use at least 25% of the withdrawn water exclusively for cooling purposes. PacifiCorp's Dave Johnston generating facility and all of MidAmerican Energy's coal-fueled generating facilities, except Louisa, Ottumwa and Walter Scott, Jr. Unit 4, which have water cooling towers, withdraw more than two million gallons per day of water from waters of the United States. PacifiCorp's Jim Bridger, Naughton, Gadsby, Hunter, Carbon and Huntington generating facilities currently utilize closed cycle cooling towers but withdraw more than two million gallons of water per day. The proposed rule includes impingement (i.e., when fish and other organisms are trapped against screens when water is drawn into a facility's cooling system) mortality standards to be met through average impingement mortality or intake velocity design criteria and entrainment (i.e., when organisms are drawn into the facility) standards to be determined on a case-by-case basis. The standards are required to be met as soon as possible after the effective date of the final rule, but no later than eight years thereafter. The rule is required to be finalized by the EPA by July 2012. Assuming the final rule is issued by July 2012, PacifiCorp's and MidAmerican Energy's generating facilities impacted by the final rule will be required to complete impingement and entrainment studies in 2013. The costs of compliance with the cooling water intake structure rule cannot be determined until the rule is final and the prescribed studies are conducted. In the event that PacifiCorp's or MidAmerican Energy's existing intake structures require modification, the costs are not anticipated to be significant.

Coal Combustion Byproduct Disposal

In December 2008, an ash impoundment dike at the Tennessee Valley Authority's Kingstonpower plant collapsed after heavy rain, releasing a significant amount of fly ash and bottom ash, coal combustion byproducts, and water to the surrounding area. In light of this incident, federal and state officials have called for greater regulation of the storage and disposal of coal combustion byproducts. In May 2010, the EPA released a proposed rule to regulate the management and disposal of coal combustion byproducts, presenting two alternatives to regulation under the RCRA. Under the first option, coal combustion byproducts would be regulated as special waste under RCRA Subtitle C and the EPA would establish requirements for coal combustion byproducts from the point of generation to disposition, including the closure of disposal units. Alternatively, the EPA is considering regulation under RCRA Subtitle D under which it would establish minimum nationwide standards for the disposal of coal combustion byproducts. Under both options, surface impoundments utilized for coal combustion byproducts would have to be cleaned and closed unless they could meet more stringent regulatory requirements; in addition, more stringent requirements would be implemented for new ash landfills and expansions of existing ash landfills. PacifiCorp operates 16 surface impoundments and six landfills that contain coal combustion byproducts. MidAmerican Energy operates eight surface impoundments and four landfills that contain coal combustion byproducts. These ash impoundments and landfills may be impacted by the newly proposed regulation, particularly if the materials are regulated as hazardous or special waste under RCRA Subtitle C, and could pose significant additional costs associated with ash management and disposal activities at the Company's coal-fueled generating facilities. The public comment period closed in November 2010. The EPA has not indicated when the rule will be finalized, and the substance of the final rule is not known. The United States House of Representatives passed H.R. 2273 in October 2011, which would regulate coal combustion byproducts under RCRA Subtitle D. A Senate bill similar to the House bill has been introduced, but action has not been taken on the bill. The impact of the proposed regulations on coal combustion byproducts cannot be determined at this time; however, both PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy have begun developing surface impoundment and landfill compliance plan options to ensure that physical infrastructure decisions are aligned with the potential outcomes of the rulemaking.


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Other

Other laws, regulations and agencies to which the Company is subject to include, but are not limited to:
The federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act and similar state laws may require any current or former owners or operators of a disposal site, as well as transporters or generators of hazardous substances sent to such disposal site, to share in environmental remediation costs.
The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, under which the United States Department of Energy is responsible for the selection and development of repositories for, and the permanent disposal of, spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive wastes. Refer to Note 13 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding nuclear decommissioning obligations.
The federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 and similar state statutes establish operational, reclamation and closure standards that must be met during and upon completion of mining activities.
The FERC oversees the relicensing of existing hydroelectric systems and is also responsible for the oversight and issuance of licenses for new construction of hydroelectric systems, dam safety inspections and environmental monitoring. Refer to Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the relicensing of certain of PacifiCorp's existing hydroelectric facilities.

MEHC expects its Domestic Regulated Businesses will be allowed to recover the prudently incurred costs to comply with the environmental laws and regulations discussed above. The Company's planning efforts take into consideration the complexity of balancing factors such as: (a) pending environmental regulations and requirements to reduce emissions, address waste disposal, ensure water quality, and protect wildlife; (b) avoidance of excessive reliance on any one generation technology; (c) costs and trade-offs of various resource options including energy efficiency, demand response programs, and renewable generation; (d) state-specific energy policies, resource preferences, and economic development efforts; (e) additional transmission investment to reduce power costs and increase efficiency and reliability of the integrated transmission system; and (f) keeping rates as affordable as possible. Due to the number of generating units impacted by environmental regulations, deferring installation of compliance-related projects is often not feasible or cost effective and places the Company at risk of not having access to necessary capital, material, and labor while attempting to perform major equipment installations in a compressed timeframe concurrent with other utilities across the country. Therefore, the Company has established installation schedules with permitting agencies that coordinate compliance timeframes with construction and tie-in of major environmental compliance projects as units are scheduled off-line for planned maintenance outages; these coordinated efforts help reduce costs associated with replacement power and maintain system reliability.

Collateral and Contingent Features

Debt and preferred securities of MEHC and certain of its subsidiaries are rated by credit rating agencies. Assigned credit ratings are based on each rating agency's assessment of the rated company's ability to, in general, meet the obligations of its issued debt or preferred securities. The credit ratings are not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities, and there is no assurance that a particular credit rating will continue for any given period of time.

MEHC and its subsidiaries have no credit rating downgrade triggers that would accelerate the maturity dates of outstanding debt, and a change in ratings is not an event of default under the applicable debt instruments, except for those discussed in Note 23 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K related to the Topaz financing. The Company's unsecured revolving credit facilities do not require the maintenance of a minimum credit rating level in order to draw upon their availability, but, under certain instances, must maintain sufficient covenant tests if ratings drop below a certain level. However, commitment fees and interest rates under the credit facilities are tied to credit ratings and increase or decrease when the ratings change. A ratings downgrade could also increase the future cost of commercial paper, short- and long-term debt issuances or new credit facilities.


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In accordance with industry practice, certain wholesale agreements, including derivative contracts, contain provisions that require certain of MEHC's subsidiaries, principally the Utilities, to maintain specific credit ratings on their unsecured debt from one or more of the three recognized credit rating agencies. These agreements may either specifically provide bilateral rights to demand cash or other security if credit exposures on a net basis exceed specified rating-dependent threshold levels ("credit-risk-related contingent features") or provide the right for counterparties to demand "adequate assurance" in the event of a material adverse change in the subsidiary's creditworthiness. These rights can vary by contract and by counterparty. As of December 31, 2011, these subsidiary's credit ratings from the three recognized credit rating agencies were investment grade. If all credit-risk-related contingent features or adequate assurance provisions for these agreements had been triggered as of December 31, 2011, the Company would have been required to post $569 million of additional collateral. The Company's collateral requirements could fluctuate considerably due to market price volatility, changes in credit ratings, changes in legislation or regulation, or other factors. Refer to Note 7 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for a discussion of the Company's collateral requirements specific to the Company's derivative contracts.

In July 2010, the President signed into law the Dodd-Frank Reform Act. The Dodd-Frank Reform Act reshapes financial regulation in the United States by creating new regulators, regulating new markets and firms, and providing new enforcement powers to regulators. Virtually all major areas of the Dodd-Frank Reform Act, including collateral requirements on derivative contracts, are the subject of regulatory interpretation and implementation rules requiring rulemaking proceedings, some of which have been completed and others that are expected to be finalized in 2012.

The Company is a party to derivative contracts, including over-the-counter derivative contracts. The Dodd-Frank Reform Act provides for extensive new regulation of over-the-counter derivative contracts and certain market participants, including imposition of mandatory clearing, exchange trading, capital and margin requirements for "swap dealers" and "major swap participants." The Dodd-Frank Reform Act provides certain exemptions from these regulations for commercial end-users that use derivatives to hedge and manage the commercial risk of their businesses. Although the Company generally does not enter into over-the-counter derivative contracts for purposes unrelated to hedging of commercial risk and does not believe it will be considered a swap dealer or major swap participant, the outcome of the rulemaking proceedings cannot be predicted and, therefore, the impact of the Dodd-Frank Reform Act on the Company's consolidated financial results cannot be determined at this time.

Inflation

Historically, overall inflation and changing prices in the economies where MEHC's subsidiaries operate have not had a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial results. In the United States, MEHC's regulated subsidiaries operate under cost-of-service based rate structures administered by various state commissions and the FERC. Under these rate structures, MEHC's regulated subsidiaries are allowed to include prudent costs in their rates, including the impact of inflation. The price control formula used by the United Kingdom Distribution Companies incorporates the rate of inflation in determining rates charged to customers. MEHC's subsidiaries attempt to minimize the potential impact of inflation on their operations by employing prudent risk management and hedging strategies and by considering, among other areas, its impact on purchases of energy, operating expenses, materials and equipment costs, contract negotiations, future capital spending programs and long-term debt issuances. There can be no assurance that such actions will be successful.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has certain investments that are accounted for under the equity method in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). Accordingly, an amount is recorded on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as an equity investment and is increased or decreased for the Company's pro-rata share of earnings or losses, respectively, less any dividends from such investments.

As of December 31, 2011, the Company's investments that are accounted for under the equity method had short- and long-term debt of $1.045 billion, unused revolving credit facilities of $147 million and letters of credit outstanding of $57 million. As of December 31, 2011, the Company's pro-rata share of such short- and long-term debt was $508 million, unused revolving credit facilities was $73 million and outstanding letters of credit was $29 million. The entire amount of the Company's pro-rata share of the outstanding short- and long-term debt and unused revolving credit facilities is non-recourse to the Company. $25 million of the Company's pro-rata share of the outstanding letters of credit is recourse to the Company. Although the Company is generally not required to support debt service obligations of its equity investees, default with respect to this non-recourse short- and long-term debt could result in a loss of invested equity.


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New Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements affecting the Company, refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Certain accounting measurements require management to make estimates and judgments concerning transactions that will be settled several years in the future. Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Financial Statements based on such estimates involve numerous assumptions subject to varying and potentially significant degrees of judgment and uncertainty and will likely change in the future as additional information becomes available. The following critical accounting estimates are impacted significantly by the Company's methods, judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company's Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Accounting for the Effects of Certain Types of Regulation

The Domestic Regulated Businesses prepare their financial statements in accordance with authoritative guidance for regulated operations, which recognizes the economic effects of regulation. Accordingly, the Domestic Regulated Businesses are required to defer the recognition of certain costs or income if it is probable that, through the ratemaking process, there will be a corresponding increase or decrease in future regulated rates.

The Company continually evaluates the applicability of the guidance for regulated operations and whether its regulatory assets and liabilities are probable of inclusion in future regulated rates by considering factors such as a change in the regulator's approach to setting rates from cost-based ratemaking to another form of regulation, other regulatory actions or the impact of competition which could limit the Domestic Regulated Businesses' ability to recover their costs. Based upon this continuous evaluation, the Company believes the application of the guidance for regulated operations is appropriate and its existing regulatory assets and liabilities are probable of inclusion in future regulated rates. The evaluation reflects the current political and regulatory climate at both the federal and state levels and is subject to change in the future. If it becomes no longer probable that the deferred costs or income will be included in future regulated rates, the related regulatory assets and liabilities will be written off to net income, returned to customers or re-established as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI"). Total regulatory assets were $2.918 billion and total regulatory liabilities were $1.731 billion as of December 31, 2011. Refer to Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Domestic Regulated Businesses' regulatory assets and liabilities.

Derivatives

The Company is exposed to the impact of market fluctuations in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. The Company is principally exposed to electricity, natural gas, coal and fuel oil commodity price risk primarily through MEHC's ownership of the Utilities as they have an obligation to serve retail customer load in their regulated service territories. MidAmerican Energy also provides nonregulated retail electricity and natural gas services in competitive markets. The Utilities' load and generating facilities represent substantial underlying commodity positions. Exposures to commodity prices consist mainly of variations in the price of fuel required to generate electricity, wholesale electricity that is purchased and sold, and natural gas supply for regulated and nonregulated retail customers. Commodity prices are subject to wide price swings as supply and demand are impacted by, among many other unpredictable items, weather, market liquidity, generating facility availability, customer usage, storage, and transmission and transportation constraints.Interest rate risk exists on variable-rate debt and future debt issuances. Additionally, the Company is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk from its business operations and investments in Great Britain. Each of $28the Company's business platforms has established a risk management process that is designed to identify, assess, monitor, report, manage and mitigate each of the various types of risk involved in its business. The Company employs a number of different derivative contracts, which may include forwards, futures, options, swaps and other agreements, to manage price risk for electricity, natural gas and other commodities; interest rate risk; and foreign currency exchange rate risk. The Company does not hedge all of its commodity price, interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate risks, thereby exposing the unhedged portion to changes in market prices. Refer to Notes 6 and 7 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company's derivative contracts.


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Measurement Principles

Derivative contracts are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either assets or liabilities and are stated at fair value unless they are designated as normal purchases or normal sales and qualify for the exception afforded by GAAP. When available, the fair value of derivative contracts is estimated using unadjusted quoted prices for identical contracts in the market in which the Company transacts. When quoted prices for identical contracts are not available, the Company uses forward price curves. Forward price curves represent the Company's estimates of the prices at which a buyer or seller could contract today for delivery or settlement at future dates. The Company bases its forward price curves upon market price quotations, when available, or internally developed and commercial models, with internal and external fundamental data inputs. Market price quotations are obtained from independent energy brokers, exchanges, direct communication with market participants and actual transactions executed by the Company. Market price quotations for certain major electricity and natural gas trading hubs are generally readily obtainable for the applicable term of the Company's outstanding derivative contracts; therefore, the Company's forward price curves for those locations and periods reflect observable market quotes. As of December 31, 2011, the Company had a net derivative liability of $468 million partially related to contracts valued using either quoted prices or forward price curves based upon observable market quotes. Market price quotations for other electricity and natural gas trading hubs are not as readily obtainable due to the length of the contract. Given that limited market data exists for these contracts, as well as for those contracts that are not actively traded, the Company uses forward price curves derived from internal models based on perceived pricing relationships to major trading hubs that are based on unobservable inputs. The estimated fair value of these derivative contracts is a function of underlying forward commodity prices, interest rates, currency rates, related volatility, counterparty creditworthiness and duration of contracts. The assumptions used in these models are critical, since any changes in assumptions could have a significant impact on the estimated fair value of the contracts. As of December 31, 2011, the Company had a net derivative asset of $23 million related to contracts where the Company uses internal models with unobservable inputs.

Classification and Recognition Methodology

Almost all of the Company's derivative contracts are probable of inclusion in the rates of its rate-regulated subsidiaries and changes in the estimated fair value of derivative contracts are generally recorded as net regulatory assets or liabilities. Accordingly, amounts are generally not recognized in earnings until the contracts are settled and the forecasted transaction has occurred. As of December 31, 2011, the Company had $400 million recorded as net regulatory assets related to derivative contracts on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. If it becomes no longer probable that a derivative contract will be included in regulated rates, the regulatory asset or liability will be written off and recognized in earnings.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill

The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment, including property, plant and equipment, when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable or the assets are being held for sale. Upon the occurrence of a triggering event, the asset is reviewed to assess whether the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected from the use of the asset plus the residual value from the ultimate disposal exceeds the carrying value of the asset. If the carrying value exceeds the estimated recoverable amounts, the asset is written down to the estimated fair value. The impacts of regulation are considered when evaluating the carrying value of regulated assets. Substantially all property, plant and equipment was used in regulated businesses as of December 31, 2011. For all other assets, any resulting impairment loss is reflected on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The estimate of cash flows arising from the future use of the asset that are used in the impairment analysis requires judgment regarding what the Company would expect to recover from the future use of the asset. Changes in judgment that could significantly alter the calculation of the fair value or the recoverable amount of the asset may result from significant changes in the regulatory environment, the business climate, management's plans, legal factors, market price of the asset, the use of the asset or the physical condition of the asset, future market prices, load growth, competition and many other factors over the life of the asset. Any resulting impairment loss is highly dependent on the underlying assumptions and could significantly affect the Company's results of operations.


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The Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2011 includes goodwill of acquired businesses of $4.996 billion. The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment at least annually and completed its annual review as of October 31. Additionally, no indicators of impairment were identified as of December 31, 2011. A significant amount of judgment is required in estimating the fair value of the reporting unit and performing goodwill impairment tests. The Company uses a variety of methods to estimate a reporting unit's fair value, principally discounted projected future net cash flows. Key assumptions used include, but are not limited to, the use of estimated future cash flows; multiples of earnings; and an appropriate discount rate. Estimated future cash flows are impacted by, among other factors, growth rates, changes in regulations and rates, ability to renew contracts and estimates of future commodity prices. In estimating future cash flows, the Company incorporates current market information, as well as historical factors. Refer to Note 22 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company's goodwill.

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

The Company sponsors defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans that cover the majority of its employees. The Company recognizes the funded status of its defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Funded status is the fair value of plan assets minus the benefit obligation as of the measurement date. As of December 31, 2011, the Company recognized a net liability totaling $794 million for the funded status of the Company's defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans. As of December 31, 2011, amounts not yet recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost that were included in net regulatory assets and AOCI totaled $822 million and $673 million, respectively.

The expense and benefit obligations relating to these defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans are based on actuarial valuations. Inherent in these valuations are key assumptions, including discount rates, expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and healthcare cost trend rates. These key assumptions are reviewed annually and modified as appropriate. The Company believes that the assumptions utilized in recording obligations under the plans are reasonable based on prior plan experience and current market and economic conditions. Refer to Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for disclosures about the Company's defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans, including the key assumptions used to calculate the funded status and net periodic benefit cost for these plans as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011.

The Company chooses a discount rate based upon high quality debt security investment yields in effect as of the measurement date that corresponds to the expected benefit period. The pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities increase as the discount rate is reduced.

In establishing its assumption as to the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, the Company utilizes the expected asset allocation and return assumptions for each asset class based on historical performance and forward-looking views of the financial markets. Pension and other postretirement benefits expense increases as the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets decreases. The Company regularly reviews its actual asset allocations and rebalances its investments to its targeted allocations when considered appropriate.

The Company chooses a healthcare cost trend rate that reflects the near and long-term expectations of increases in medical costs and corresponds to the expected benefit payment periods. The healthcare cost trend rate gradually declines to 5% in 2016 at which point the rate is assumed to remain constant. Refer to Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for healthcare cost trend rate sensitivity disclosures.


74



The key assumptions used may differ materially from period to period due to changing market and economic conditions. These differences may result in a significant impact to pension and other postretirement benefits expense and the funded status. If changes were to occur for the following key assumptions, the approximate effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements would be as follows (in millions):
 Domestic Plans  
     Other Postretirement United Kingdom
 Pension Plans Benefit Plans Pension Plan
 +0.5% -0.5% +0.5% -0.5% +0.5% -0.5%
            
Effect on December 31, 2011           
Benefit Obligations:           
Discount rate$(103) $114
 $(41) $45
 $(137) $157
            
Effect on 2011 Periodic Cost:           
Discount rate$(4) $4
 $(2) $3
 $(13) $13
Expected rate of return on plan assets(8) 8
 (3) 3
 (8) 8

A variety of factors affect the funded status of the plans, including asset returns, discount rates, plan changes and the Company's funding policy for each plan. Additionally, federal laws may require the Company to increase future contributions to its domestic pension plans, which may create more volatility in annual contributions than historically experienced and could have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial results.

Income Taxes

In determining the Company's income taxes, management is required to interpret complex income tax laws and regulations, which includes consideration of regulatory implications imposed by the Company's various regulatory jurisdictions. The Company's income tax returns are subject to continuous examinations by federal, state, local and foreign income tax authorities that may give rise to different interpretations of these complex laws and regulations. Due to the nature of the examination process, it generally takes years before these examinations are completed and these matters are resolved. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Although the ultimate resolution of the Company's federal, state, local and foreign income tax examinations is uncertain, the Company believes it has made adequate provisions for these income tax positions. The aggregate amount of any additional income tax liabilities that may result from these examinations, if any, is not expected to have a material adverse impact on the Company's consolidated financial results. Refer to Note 15 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company's income taxes.

The Utilities are required to pass income tax benefits related to certain property-related basis differences and other various differences on to their customers in certain state jurisdictions. These amounts were recognized as a net regulatory asset totaling $1.003 billion as of December 31, 2011 and will be included in regulated rates when the temporary differences reverse. Management believes the existing net regulatory assets are probable of inclusion in regulated rates. If it becomes no longer probable that these costs will be included in regulated rates, the related regulatory asset will be charged to net income.

The Company has not established deferred income taxes on the undistributed foreign earnings of Northern Powergrid Holdings or the related currency translation adjustment that have been determined by management to be reinvested indefinitely. The cumulative earnings were approximately$2.0 billion as of December 31, 2011. The Company periodically evaluates its capital requirements. If circumstances change in the future and a portion of Northern Powergrid Holdings' undistributed earnings were repatriated, the dividends would be subject to taxation in the United States. However, any United States income tax liability would be offset, in part, by available United States income tax credits with respect to corporate income taxes previously paid principally in the United Kingdom. Because of the availability of foreign income tax credits, it is not practicable to determine the United States income tax liability that would be recognized if such cumulative earnings were not reinvested indefinitely. The Company has established deferred income taxes on all other undistributed foreign earnings.


75



Revenue Recognition - Unbilled Revenue

Unbilled revenue was $474 million as of December 31, 2011. Revenue from energy business customers is recognized as electricity or natural gas is delivered or services are provided. The determination of customer billings is based on a systematic reading of meters, fixed reservation charges based on contractual quantities and rates or, in the case of the United Kingdom distribution businesses, when information is received from the national settlement system. At the end of each month, amounts of energy provided to customers since the date of the last meter reading are estimated, and the corresponding unbilled revenue is recorded. Factors that can impact the estimate of unbilled energy include, but are not limited to, seasonal weather patterns, total volumes supplied to the system, line losses, economic impacts and composition of sales among customer classes. Estimates are reversed in the following month and actual revenue is recorded based on subsequent meter readings.

Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets include assets and liabilities with fair values that are subject to market risks. The Company's significant market risks are primarily associated with commodity prices, interest rates, equity prices, foreign currency exchange rates and the extension of credit to counterparties with which the Company transacts. The following discussion addresses the significant market risks associated with the Company's business activities. Each of the Company's business platforms has established guidelines for credit risk management. Refer to Notes 2 and 7 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company's contracts accounted for as derivatives.

Commodity Price Risk

The Company is principally exposed to electricity, natural gas, coal and fuel oil commodity price risk primarily through MEHC's ownership of the Utilities as they have an obligation to serve retail customer load in their regulated service territories. MidAmerican Energy also provides nonregulated retail electricity and natural gas services in competitive markets. The Utilities' load and generating facilities represent substantial underlying commodity positions. Exposures to commodity prices consist mainly of variations in the price of fuel required to generate electricity, wholesale electricity that is purchased and sold, and natural gas supply for regulated and nonregulated retail customers. Commodity prices are subject to wide price swings as supply and demand are impacted by, among many other unpredictable items, weather, market liquidity, generating facility availability, customer usage, storage, and transmission and transportation constraints.The Company does not engage in a material amount of proprietary trading activities.To mitigate a portion of its commodity price risk, the Company uses commodity derivative contracts, which may include forwards, futures, options, swaps and other agreements, to effectively secure future supply or sell future production generally at fixed prices. The Company does not hedge all of its commodity price risk, thereby exposing the unhedged portion to changes in market prices. The Company's exposure to commodity price risk is generally limited by its ability to include the costs in regulated rates, which is subject to regulatory lag that occurs between the time the costs are incurred and when the costs are included in regulated rates.

The table that follows summarizes the Company's price risk on commodity contracts accounted for as derivatives, excluding collateral netting of $156 million and $141 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and shows the effects of a hypothetical 10% increase and 10% decrease in forward market prices with the contracted or expected volumes. The selected hypothetical change does not reflect what could be considered the best or worst case scenarios (dollars in millions).
 Fair Value - Estimated Fair Value after
 Net Asset Hypothetical Change in Price
 (Liability) 10% increase 10% decrease
As of December 31, 2011:     
Not designated as hedging contracts$(399) $(341) $(457)
Designated as hedging contracts(46) (7) (85)
Total commodity derivative contracts$(445) $(348) $(542)
      
As of December 31, 2010:     
Not designated as hedging contracts$(565) $(537) $(593)
Designated as hedging contracts(48) (9) (87)
Total commodity derivative contracts$(613) $(546) $(680)


76



The majority of the Company's commodity derivative contracts not designated as hedging contracts are recoverable from customers in regulated rates and, therefore, net unrealized gains and losses associated with interim price movements on commodity derivative contracts do not expose the Company to earnings volatility. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, a net regulatory asset of $400 million and $564 million, respectively, was recorded related to the net derivative liability of $399 million and $565 million, respectively. For the Company's commodity derivative contracts designated as hedging contracts, net unrealized gains and losses associated with interim price movements on commodity derivative contracts, to the extent the hedge is considered effective, generally do not expose the Company to earnings volatility. The settled cost of these commodity derivative contracts is generally included in regulated rates. Consolidated financial results would be negatively impacted if the costs of wholesale electricity, natural gas or fuel are higher than what is included in regulated rates, including the impacts of adjustment mechanisms.

Interest Rate Risk

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its outstanding variable-rate short- and long-term debt issuancesand future debt issuances. The Company manages its interest rate risk by limiting its exposure to variable interest rates primarily through the issuance of fixed-rate long-term debt and by monitoring market changes in 2009interest rates. As a result of the fixed interest rates, the Company's fixed-rate long-term debt does not expose the Company to the risk of loss due to changes in market interest rates. Additionally, because fixed-rate long-term debt is not carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, changes in fair value would impact earnings and cash flows only if the Company were to reacquire all or a portion of these instruments prior to their maturity. The Company may from time to time enter into interest rate derivative contracts, such as interest rate swaps or locks, to mitigate the Company's exposure to interest rate risk. The nature and amount of the Company's short- and long-term debt can be expected to vary from period to period as a result of future business requirements, market conditions and other factors. Refer to Notes 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this Form 10-K for additional discussion of the Company's short- and long-term debt.

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company had short- and long-term variable-rate obligations totaling $1.715 billion and $1.170 billion, respectively, that expose the Company to the risk of increased interest expense in the event of increases in short-term interest rates. The market risk related to the Company's variable-rate debt as of December 31, 2011 is not hedged. If variable interest rates were to increase by 10% from December 31 levels, it would not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated annual interest expense. The carrying value of the variable-rate obligations approximates fair value as of December 31, 2011 and 2010.

Equity Price Risk

Market prices for equity securities are subject to fluctuation and consequently the amount realized in the subsequent sale of an investment may significantly differ from the reported market value. Fluctuation in the market price of a security may result from perceived changes in the underlying economic characteristics of the investee, the relative price of alternative investments and general market conditions.

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company's investment in BYD Company Limited common stock represented approximately 68% and 84%, respectively, of the total fair value of the Company's equity securities. The Company's remaining equity securities are primarily related to certain trust funds in which realized and unrealized gains and losses are recorded as net regulatory assets or liabilities since the Company expects to recover costs for these activities through regulated rates. The following table summarizes our investment in BYD Company Limited as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 and the effects of a hypothetical 30% increase and a 30% decrease in market price as of those dates. The selected hypothetical change does not reflect what could be considered the best or worst case scenarios (dollars in millions).
     Estimated Hypothetical
   Hypothetical Fair Value after Percentage Increase
 Fair Price Hypothetical (Decrease) in MEHC
 Value Change Change in Prices Shareholders' Equity
        
As of December 31, 2011$488
 30% increase $634
 1 %
   30% decrease 342
 (1)
        
As of December 31, 2010$1,182
 30% increase $1,537
 2 %
   30% decrease 827
 (2)


77



Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

MEHC's business operations and investments outside of the United States increase its risk related to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates primarily in relation to the British pound. MEHC's reporting currency is the United States dollar, and the value of the assets and liabilities, earnings, cash flows and potential distributions from MEHC's foreign operations changes with the fluctuations of the currency in which they transact.

Northern Powergrid Holdings' functional currency is the British pound. At December 31, 2011, a 10% devaluation in the British pound to the United States dollar would result in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet being negatively impacted by a $270 million cumulative translation adjustment in AOCI. A 10% devaluation in the average currency exchange rate would have resulted in lower reported earnings for Northern Powergrid Holdings of $39 million in 2011.

Credit Risk

Domestic Regulated Operations

The Utilities extend unsecured credit to other utilities, energy marketing companies, financial institutions and other market participants in conjunction with their wholesale energy supply and marketing activities. Credit risk relates to the risk of loss that might occur as a result of nonperformance by counterparties on their contractual obligations to make or take delivery of electricity, natural gas or other commodities and to make financial settlements of these obligations. Credit risk may be concentrated to the extent that one or more groups of counterparties have similar economic, industry or other characteristics that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in market or other conditions. In addition, credit risk includes not only the risk that a counterparty may default due to circumstances relating directly to it, but also the risk that a counterparty may default due to circumstances involving other market participants that have a direct or indirect relationship with the counterparty.

The Utilities analyze the financial condition of each significant wholesale counterparty before entering into any transactions, establish limits on the amount of unsecured credit to be extended to each counterparty and evaluate the appropriateness of unsecured credit limits on an ongoing basis. To mitigate exposure to the financial risks of wholesale counterparties, the Utilities enter into netting and collateral arrangements that may include margining and cross-product netting agreements and obtain third-party guarantees, letters of credit and cash deposits. Counterparties may be assessed fees for delayed payments. If required, the Utilities exercise rights under these arrangements, including calling on the counterparty's credit support arrangement.

As of December 31, 2011, PacifiCorp's aggregate credit exposure from wholesale activities totaled $338 million, based on settlement and mark-to-market exposures, net of collateral. As of December 31, 2011, $333 million, or 99%, of PacifiCorp's credit exposure was with counterparties having investment grade credit ratings by either Moody's Investor Service or Standard & Poor's Rating Services. As of December 31, 2011, $5 million, or 1%, of such credit exposure was with counterparties having externally rated "non-investment grade" credit ratings. As of December 31, 2011, four counterparties comprised $274 million, or 81%, of the aggregate credit exposure. All four counterparties are rated investment grade by Moody's Investor Service and Standard & Poor's Rating Services, and PacifiCorp is not aware of any factors that would likely result in a downgrade of the counterparties' credit ratings to below investment grade over the remaining term of transactions outstanding as of December 31, 2011.

During 2011, approximately 89% of MidAmerican Energy's electric wholesale sales revenues resulted from participation in RTOs, including the MISO and MEHCthe PJM. MidAmerican Energy has potential indirect credit exposure to other market participants in these RTO markets. In the event of a default by a RTO market participant on its market-related obligations, losses are allocated among all other market participants in proportion to each participant's share of overall market activity during the period of time the loss was incurred, diversifying MidAmerican Energy's exposure to credit losses from individual participants. Transactional activities of MidAmerican Energy and other participants in 2008 at PacifiCorp,organized RTO markets are governed by credit policies specified in each respective RTO's governing tariff or related business practices. Credit policies of RTO's, which have been developed through extensive stakeholder participation, generally seek to minimize potential loss in the event of a market participant default without unnecessarily inhibiting access to the marketplace. MidAmerican Funding and Energy's share of historical losses from defaults by other RTO market participants has not been material. As of December 31, 2011, MidAmerican Energy's aggregate direct credit exposure from electric wholesale marketing counterparties was not material.


78



Northern Natural Gas.Gas' primary customers include utilities in the upper Midwest. Kern River's primary customers are major oil and natural gas companies or affiliates of such companies, electric generating companies, energy marketing and trading companies, financial institutions and natural gas distribution utilities which provide services in Utah, Nevada and California. As a general policy, collateral is not required for receivables from creditworthy customers. Customers' financial condition and creditworthiness, as defined by the tariff, are regularly evaluated and historical losses have been minimal. In order to provide protection against credit risk, and as permitted by the separate terms of each of Northern Natural Gas' and Kern River's tariffs, the companies have required customers that lack creditworthiness to provide cash deposits, letters of credit or other security until their creditworthiness improves.

Northern Powergrid Holdings

The Distribution Companies charge fees for the use of their electrical infrastructure to supply companies and generators connected to their networks. The supply companies, which purchase electricity from generators and traders and sell the electricity to end-use customers, use the Distribution Companies' distribution networks pursuant to the multilateral "Distribution Connection and Use of System Agreement." The Distribution Companies' customers are concentrated in a small number of electricity supply businesses with RWE Npower PLC accounting for approximately 29% of distribution revenue in 2011. Ofgem has determined a framework which sets credit limits for each supply business based on its credit rating or payment history and requires them to provide credit cover if their value at risk (measured as being equivalent to 45 days usage) exceeds the credit limit. Acceptable credit typically is provided in the form of a parent company guarantee, letter of credit or an escrow account. Ofgem has indicated that, provided the Distribution Companies have implemented credit control, billing and collection in line with best practice guidelines and can demonstrate compliance with the guidelines or are able to satisfactorily explain departure from the guidelines, any bad debt losses arising from supplier default will be recovered through an increase in future allowed income. Losses incurred to date have not been material.

Capitalized Interest

Capitalized interest decreased $14 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to lower construction work-in-progress balances at PacifiCorp, partially offset by higher construction work-in-progress balances at MidAmerican Energy and Kern River.

Capitalized interest increased $13 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to higher construction in progresswork-in-progress balances at PacifiCorp and decreased $13 million for 2009 compared to 2008 due to lower construction in progress at MidAmeric an Funding.PacifiCorp.

Interest and Dividend Income

Interest and dividend income decreased $10 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to an $11 million dividend received in 2010 from BYD Company Limited.

Interest and dividend income decreased $14 million for 2010 compared to 2009 primarily due to interest associated with SB 408 refunds received in 2009 at PacifiCorp, income earned in 2009 related to the Constellation Energy investments and lower average cash balances, partially offset by athe dividend received in 2010 from the BYD Company Limited ("BYD") common stock investment totaling $11 million.Limited.
Interest and dividend income decreased $37 million for 2009 compared to 2008 due to dividends received in 2008 related to the investment in the Constellation Energy 8% preferred stock and less favorable cash positions and lower rates in 2009.

Other, net
Other, net decreased $59 million for 2011 compared to 2010 due to costs associated with the early redemption of MEHC subordinated debt totaling $40 million, lower equity AFUDC of $17 million and lower Rabbi Trust earnings, partially by the impairment of an asset in 2010 totaling $8 million at MidAmerican Funding. Equity AFUDC decreased due to lower construction work-in-progress balances at PacifiCorp, partially offset by higher construction work-in-progress balances at MidAmerican Energy and Kern River.

Other, net decreased $36 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due primarily to a $37 million pre-tax gain on the Constellation Energy common stock investme ntinvestment in 2009 and the impairment of an asset in 2010 totaling $8 million at MidAmerican Funding, partially offset by higher allowance for equity funds used during constructionAFUDC in 2010, primarily at PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy.

48

Other, net decreased $1.042 billion for 2009 compared to 2008 due primarily to the 2008 termination of the merger agreement with Constellation Energy, which resulted in the receipt of a $175 million termination fee and the conversion of the Constellation Energy 8% preferred stock into $418 million of cash and 19.9 million shares of Constellation Energy common stock valued at $499 million. In 2009, the Company recognized a pre-tax gain on the Constellation Energy common stock investment totaling $37 mil lion.



Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense increased $96 million for 2011 compared to 2010. The effective tax rates were 18% and 14% for 2011 and 2010, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate was due to the effects of ratemaking, lower tax benefits received at MidAmerican Energy for changes related to the tax capitalization and repairs deductions policies totaling $26 million and higher United States income taxes on foreign earnings, partially offset by additional production tax credits in 2011 totaling $29 million, higher deferred income tax benefits in 2011 related to enacted changes in the United Kingdom's corporate income tax rate discussed below and lower state income taxes.

In July 2011, the Company recognized $40 million of deferred income tax benefits upon the enactment of a reduction in the United Kingdom corporate income tax rate from 27% to 26% effective April 1, 2011, and a further reduction to 25% effective April 1, 2012. In July 2010, the Company recognized $25 million of deferred income tax benefits upon the enactment of the reduction in the United Kingdom corporate income tax rate from 28% to 27% effective April 1, 2011.

Federal renewable electricity production tax credits are earned on qualifying wind-powered generation placed in service. In 2004, the Utilities began placing qualified wind-powered generation in service and that has continued through 2011. Federal renewable electricity production tax credits are recognized as energy from wind-powered generating facilities is sold based on a per kilowatt rate as prescribed pursuant to the applicable federal income tax law and are eligible for the credit for 10 years from the date the qualifying generating facilities were placed in service. A credit of $0.022 per kilowatt hour was applied to 2011 production.

Income tax expense decreased $84 million for 2010 compared to 2009. The effective tax rates were 14% and 20% for 2010 and 2009, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to deferred income tax benefits totaling $25 million upon the enactment of the reduction in the United Kingdom corporate income tax rate from 28% to 27%, additional production tax credits totaling $20 million, a non-taxable gain on the sale of CE Gas (Australia) Limited and higher tax benefits received at MidAmerican Energy for changes related to the tax capitalization policy and repairs deductio nsdeductions totaling $21$6 million, additional production tax credits totaling $20 million and a non-taxable gain on the sale of CE Gas (Australia) Limited, partially offset by the impact of ratemaking. The benefits for changes to the tax capitalization policy and the repairs deductions were realized as MidAmerican Energy changed the method by which it determines current income tax deductions for overhead costs and repairs on certain of its regulated utility assets, which results in current deductibility for costs that are capitalized for book purposes. Iowa, MidAmerican Energy's largest jurisdiction for rate-regulated operations, requires immediate income recognition of such temporary differences.

Equity Income tax expense decreased $700

Equity income increased $10 million for 20092011 compared to 20 08. The effective tax rates were 20%2010 due to continued investment at ETT and 35% for 2009 and 2008, respectively. The decrease in income tax expense andhigher earnings at CE Generation due to improved results at the effective tax rate weregas plants, partially offset by lower earnings at HomeServices' mortgage joint venture due to lower pre-tax income, income tax benefits recognized in 2009 totaling $55 million for a change in tax accounting method for repairs deductionsrefinancing activity and the related regulatory treatment in Iowa, which requires immediate income recognition of such temporary differences, additional production tax credits, lower United States income taxes on foreign earnings and the effects of ratemaking.higher compliance costs.

Equity Income
Equity income decreased $12 million for 2010 compared to 2009 due to lower equity earnings at CE Generation, LLC, primarily due to the expiration of a favorable power purchase contract in the second quarter of 2009 at the Saranac project.

52


Equity income increased $14 million for 2009 compared to 2008 due primarily to higher equity earnings at HomeServices related to refinance acti vity in its mortgage business. Equity income increased $5 million for 2008 compared to 2007 due primarily to the sale and write-off of an investment in a mortgage joint venture at HomeServices in 2007.
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests decreased $51 million for 2011 compared to 2010 and increased $41 million for 2010 compared to 2009 primarily due to the settlement of a noncontrolling interest dispute totaling $38 million.
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests increased $10$54 million for 2009 compared to 2008 due mainly to higher earnings attributable to PacifiCorp's majority owned coal mining operations. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests decreased $9 million for 2008 compared to 2007 due to additional expensepre-tax charge in 20072010 related to the minority ownership of theCE Casecnan project.noncontrolling interest settlement.


49



Liquidity and Capital Resources

Each of MEHC's direct and indirect subsidiaries is organized as a legal entity separate and apart from MEHC and its other subsidiaries. Pursuant to separate financing agreements, substantially all or most of the properties of each of MEHC's subsidiaries are pledged or encumbered to support or otherwise provide the security for the related subsidiary debt. It should not be assumed that the assets of any subsidiary will be available to satisfy MEHC's obligations or the obligations of its other subsidiaries. However, unrestricted cash or other assets that are available for distribution may, subject to applicable law, regulatory commitments and the terms of financing and ring-fencing arrangements for such parties, be advanced, loaned, paid as dividends or otherwise distributed or contributed to MEHC or affiliates thereof. The long-term debt of subsidiaries may include provis ionsprovisions that allow MEHC's subsidiaries to redeem it in whole or in part at any time. These provisions generally include make-whole premiums. Refer to Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion regarding the limitation of distributions from MEHC's subsidiaries.

As of December 31, 20102011, the Company's total net liquidity was $6.2143.741 billion. The components of total net liquidity are as follows (in millions ):millions):
     
 
 CE    
     MidAmerican Electric    
 MEHC PacifiCorp Funding 
  UK(1)
 Other 
Total(2)
  
 
         
Cash and cash equivalents$18  $31&nbs p; $203  $9  $209  $470 
          
 
   
Credit facilities$585  $1,395  $654  $655  $50  $3,339 
Less:            
Short-term debt(284) (36)   
   
 
(320)
Tax-exempt bond support, letters of credit
 
          
and EIB borrowings(40) (304) ( 195) (236)
 
  (775)
Net credit facilities$261  $1,055  $459  $419  $50  $2,244 
            
Net liquidity before Berkshire           
Equity Commitment$279  $1,086  $662  $428  $259  
$
2,714 
Berkshire Equity Commitment(3)
3,500              3,500 
Total net liquidity$3,779              $6,214 
Unsecured revolving credit facilities:                 
Maturity date(4)
2013  2012, 2013  2011, 2013  2013  2013    
Largest single bank commitment as a           
% of total revolving credit facilities(5)
17% 15% 23% 33% 100%   
       Northern    
     MidAmerican Powergrid    
 MEHC PacifiCorp Funding Holdings Other Total
            
Cash and cash equivalents$13
 $47
 $1
 $21
 $204
 $286
  
          
Credit facilities552
 1,355
 654
 233
 50
 2,844
Less:           
Short-term debt(108) (688) 
 (69) 
 (865)
Tax-exempt bond support and letters
of credit
(25) (304) (195) 
 
 (524)
Net credit facilities419
 363
 459
 164
 50
 1,455
            
Net liquidity before Berkshire
Equity Commitment
$432
 $410
 $460
 $185
 $254
 $1,741
Berkshire Equity Commitment(1)
2,000
  
  
  
  
 2,000
Total net liquidity$2,432
  
  
  
  
 $3,741
Unsecured revolving credit facilities: 
  
  
  
  
  
Maturity date2013
 2012, 2013
 2012, 2013
 2013
 2013
  
Largest single bank commitment as a % of total revolving credit facilities(2)
18% 16% 23% 33% 100%  

(1)In July 2010, Yorkshire closed on a £151 million finance contractMEHC has an Equity Commitment Agreement with the European Investment Bank ("EIB") and issued £151  million of 4.13% notes due July 20, 2022. The net proceeds are being used to fund capital expenditures. Also in July 2010, Northern closed on a £119 million finance contract with the EIB. In January and February 2011, Northern Electric issued £119 million of notes with maturity dates ranging from 2018 to 2020 at interest rates ranging from 3.901% to 4.586%.

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(2)    The above table does not include unused revolving credit facilities and letters of credit for investments that are accounted for under the equity method.
(3)    In March 2006, MEHC and Berkshire Hathaway entered into the Berkshire(the "Berkshire Equity CommitmentCommitment") pursuant to which Berkshire Hathaway has agreed to purchase up to $3.5$2.0 billion of MEHC's common equity upon any requests authorized from time to time by MEHC's Board of Directors. The proceeds of any such equity contribution shall only be used for the purpose of (a) paying when due MEHC's debt obligations and (b) funding the general corporate purposes and capital requirements of MEHC's regulated subsidiaries. In March 2010, MEHC and Berkshire Hathaway amended theThe Berkshire Equity Commitment extending the term fromexpires on February 28, 2011 to February 28, 2014 and reducing the $3.5 billion to $2.0 billion effective March 1, 2011.2014.
(4)    For further discussion regarding the Company's credit facilities, refer to Note 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
(5)    (2)An inability of financial institutions to honor their commitments could adversely affect the Company's short-term liquidity and ability to meet long-term commitmen ts.commitments.

The above table does not include unused revolving credit facilities and letters of credit for investments that are accounted for under the equity method.

In September 2010, the President signed the Small Business Jobs ActJanuary 2012, MEHC entered into law, extending retroactivelya $500 million revolving loan agreement with a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway that expires June 30, 2012. Refer to January 1, 2010 the 50% bonus depreciationNote 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for qualifying property purchased and placed in-service in 2010. In December 2010, the President signed the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 into law, which provided for 100% bonus depreciation for qualifying property purchased and placed in-service after September 8, 2010. As a result of the new laws,further discussion regarding the Company's December 31, 2010 tax provision reflected bonus depreciation on qualifying assets placed in-service during 2010. Accordingly,credit facilities.

In January 2012, subsidiaries of MEHC acquired ownership interests in two solar projects. Refer to Note 23 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion regarding the Company's receivable for income taxes increased to $396 million asequity commitments, letters of December 31, 2010.credit and other related items.


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Operating Activities

Net cash flows from operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 were $3.220 billion and $2.759 billion, respectively. The increase was primarily due to higher income tax receipts of $270 million mainly attributable to bonus depreciation, improved operating results, changes in collateral posted for derivative contracts and a Kern River customer rate refund in 2010, partially offset by changes in working capital.

Net cash flows from operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2010and 2009 were $2.759 billion and $3.572 billion, respectively. The decrease was mainly due to lower income tax receipts of $391 million due to the timing of repairs deductions and bonus depreciation, changes in collateral posted for derivative contracts, $128 million of net cash flows in 2009 related to the Constellation Energy transaction, which is comprised of $536 million of proceeds received from the sale of Constellation Energy common stock and $408 million of income taxes paid on gains recognized on the termination of the Constellation Energy merger agreement in December 2008 and the sale of stock in 2009, higher contributions to pension and other postretirement benefit plans and rate case refunds paid in 2010 at Kern River.

NetIn September 2010, the President signed the Small Business Jobs Act into law, extending retroactively to January 1, 2010 the 50% bonus depreciation for qualifying property purchased and placed in service in 2010. In December 2010, the President signed the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 into law, which provided for 100% bonus depreciation for qualifying property purchased and placed in service after September 8, 2010 and prior to January 1, 2012, and extended 50% bonus depreciation for qualifying property purchased and placed in service after December 31, 2010 and prior to January 1, 2013. As a result of the new laws, the Company's cash flows from operating activit ies for 2009operations benefited in 2011 and 2008 were $3.572 billion and $2.587 billion, respectively. Operating cash flows for 2009 include $128 million of net cash flows relatedare expected to the Constellation Energy transaction, which is comprised of $536 million of proceeds received from the sale of Constellation Energy common stock and $408 million of income tax paid on gains recognized on the termination of the Constellation Energy merger agreementbenefit in December 2008 and the sale of stock in 2009. Operating cash flows for 2008 include a termination fee of $175 million received from Constellation Energy. The remaining increase in operating cash flows was2012 due to higher income tax receipts, changesbonus depreciation on qualifying assets placed in collateral posted for derivative contracts of $201 million, lower customer refunds related to the Kern River rate case in 2008 of $179 million and working capital, partially offset by the impact from the foreign currency exchange rate. Income tax receipts were higher due primarily to lower pre-tax income, the increased tax deductions on capital projects and additional production tax credits.service.

Investing Activities

Net cash flows from investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 were $(2.816) billion and $(2.484) billion, respectively. The change was primarily due to higher capital expenditures of $91 million, proceeds received from the sale of certain Australian hydrocarbon exploration and development assets during the second quarter of 2010 totaling $78 million and 2 009net proceeds received from the sale of CE Gas (Australia) Limited during the third quarter of 2010 totaling $59 million and higher investments in companies accounted for under the equity method totaling $58 million.

Net cash flows from investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 were $(2.484) billion and $(2.669) billion, respectively. Capital expenditures decreased $820 million. In January 2009, the Company received $1 billion, plus accrued interest, in full satisfaction of the 14% Senior Notes from Constellation Energy. In July 2009, the Company purchased 225 million shares, representing approximately a 10% interest, of BYD Company Limited common stock for $232 million. Additionally, the Company received proceeds from the salesales of certain Australian hydrocarbon exploration and developmentCE Gas assets in 2010 totaling $78 million and net proceeds from the sale of CE Gas (Australia) Limited in 2010 totaling $59$137 million, partially offset by higher investments in companies accounted for under the equity method.method totaling $32 million.

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Net cash flows from investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 were $(2.669) billion and $(4.344) billion, respectively. In February 2008, the Company received proceeds from the maturity of a guaranteed investment contract of $393 million. In September 2008, the Company made a $1.0 billion investment in Constellation Energy's 8% preferred stock and acquired Chehalis Power Generation, LLC for $308 million. In December 2008, MEHC and Constellation Energy entered into a termination agreement, which resulted in, among other things, the conversion of the $1.0 billion investment in Constellation Energy's 8% preferred stock into $1.0 billion of 14% Senior Notes due from Constellation Energy, 19.9 million shares of Constellation Energy common stock and cash totaling $418 million. In January 2009, the Company received $1.0 billion, plus accrued interest, in full satisfaction of the 14%&n bsp;Senior Notes from Constellation Energy. In July 2009, the Company purchased 225 million shares, representing approximately a 10% interest, of BYD common stock for $232 million. Capital expenditures decreased $524 million due primarily to lower capital expenditures in 2009 associated with the construction of wind-powered generating facilities at MidAmerican Funding, partially offset by higher capital expenditures at PacifiCorp associated with wind-powered generating facilities, including payments for wind-powered facilities placed in-service in December 2008, and transmission system investment.
Capital Expenditures

Capital expenditures, which exclude amounts for non-cash equity AFUDC and other non-cash items, by reportable segment for the years ended December 31 are summarized as follows (in millions):
2010 2009 2008
Capital expenditures(1):
     
2011 2010 2009
Capital expenditures:     
PacifiCorp$1,607  $2,328  $1,789 $1,506
 $1,607
 $2,328
MidAmerican Funding338  439  1,473 566
 338
 439
Northern Natural Gas136  177  196 
Kern River157  73  24 
CE Electric UK349  387  440 
MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group289
 293
 250
Northern Powergrid Holdings309
 349
 387
Other6  9  15 14
 6
 9
Total capital expenditures$2,593  $3,413  $3,937 $2,684
 $2,593
 $3,413

(1)    Excludes amounts for non-cash equity AFUDC.

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The Company's capital expenditures relate primarily to the Utilities whichand consisted mainly of the following for the years ended December 31:

2011:
The construction of wind-powered generating facilities at MidAmerican Energy totaling $295 million, which excludes $647 million of costs for which payments are due in December 2013. MidAmerican Energy placed in service 594 MW during 2011 and is constructing an additional 407 MW to be placed in service in 2012.
Transmission system investments totaling $240 million, including permitting and right-of-way costs for the 100-mile high-voltage transmission line being built between the Mona substation in central Utah and the Oquirrh substation in the Salt Lake Valley. A 65-mile segment of the Mona to Oquirrh transmission project will be a single-circuit 500-kV transmission line, while the remaining 35-mile segment will be a double-circuit 345-kV transmission line. The transmission line is expected to be placed in service in 2013.
Emissions control equipment on existing generating facilities totaling $217 million for installation or upgrade of sulfur dioxide scrubbers, low nitrogen oxide burners and particulate matter control systems.
The development and construction of the Lake Side 2 637-MW combined-cycle combustion turbine natural gas-fueled generating facility ("Lake Side 2") totaling $180 million, which is expected to be placed in service in 2014.
Distribution, generation, mining and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand totaling $1.140 billion.

2010:
•    Transmission system investments totaling $401 million, including construction costs for the first major segment of the Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Program, a 135-mile, double circuit, 345-kilovolt transmission line between the Populus substation in southern Idaho and the Terminal substation near Salt Lake City, Utah, which was placed in-service in 2010.
•    Emissions control equipment totaling $399 million.
•    The development and construction of wind-powered generating facilities totaling $232 million. During 2010, PacifiCorp placed in service a 111 MW wind-powered generating facility, and MidAmerica n Energy has begun contracting for the construction of 593 MW of wind-powered generating projects.
•    Distribution, generation, mining and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand totaling $913 million.
Emissions control equipment totaling $348 million.
Transmission system investments totaling $303 million, including construction costs for the first major segment of the Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Program, a 135-mile, double circuit, 345-kilovolt transmission line between the Populus substation in southern Idaho and the Terminal substation near Salt Lake City, Utah, which was fully placed in-service in 2010.
The development and construction of wind-powered generating facilities totaling $228 million. During 2010, PacifiCorp placed in service a 111 MW wind-powered generating facility, and MidAmerican Energy began contracting for the construction of 594 MW of wind-powered generating projects.
Distribution, generation, mining and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand totaling $1.066 billion.

2009:
•    Transmission system investments totaling $764
Transmission system investments totaling $715 million, including a major segment of the Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Program at PacifiCorp.
•    The development and construction of wind-powered generating facilities totaling $438 million. During 2009, PacifiCorp placed in service 265 MW of wind-powered generating facilities.
•    Emissions control equipment totaling $364 million.
•    Distribution, generation, mining and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand totaling $1.201 billion.

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2008:
•    The development and construction of wind-powered generating facilities totaling $1.630 billion.
•    Emissions control equipment totaling $277Emissions control equipment totaling $372 million.
•    Transmission system investment totaling $274 million.
•    Distribution, generation, mining and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand totaling $1.081 billion.
The development and construction of wind-powered generating facilities totaling $250 million, including 127 MW PacifiCorp placed in service in September 2009 and construction costs for PacifiCorp's 111-MW Dunlap Ranch wind-powered generating facility.
Distribution, generation, mining and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand totaling $1.430 billion.

Additionally, capital expenditures for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 include costs related to Kern River's two expansion projects totaling $174 million, $129 million. Kern River'smillion and $65 million, respectively. The 2010 Expansion project was placed in service in April 2010.2010 and added 145,000 Dth per day of capacity. The Apex Expansion project was placed in service in October 2011 and added 266,000 Dth per day of capacity. The remaining amounts at the other platforms are for ongoing investments in distribution and other infrastructure needed at the other platforms to serve existing and expected demand.


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Financing Activities

Net cash flows from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2011 were $(589) million. Uses of cash totaled $1.924 billion and consisted mainly of $1.548 billion for repayments of subsidiary debt, repayments of MEHC subordinated debt totaling $334 million, including $191 million called and repaid at par value, and net payments to noncontrolling interest totaling $24 million. Sources of cash totaled $1.335 billion and consisted of proceeds from subsidiary debt totaling $790 million and net proceeds from short-term debt totaling $545 million. Debt issuances during the year ended December 31, 2011 included the following:
In May 2011, PacifiCorp issued $400 million of 3.85% First Mortgage Bonds due June 15, 2021. The net proceeds were used to fund capital expenditures, repay short-term debt and for general corporate purposes.
In April 2011, Northern Natural Gas issued $200 million of 4.25% Senior Notes due June 1, 2021. The net proceeds were used to partially repay its $250 million, 7.0% Senior Notes due June 1, 2011.
In January and February 2011, Northern Powergrid (Northeast) Limited issued £119 million of notes with maturity dates ranging from 2018 to 2020 at interest rates ranging from 3.901% to 4.586% under its finance contract with the European Investment Bank.

Net cash flows from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2010 were $(234) million. Uses of cash totaled $614$614 million and consisted mainly of repayments of MEHC subordinated debt totaling $281 millio n,million, including $92 million called and repaid at par value, repayments of subsidiary debt totaling $192 million, net payments to noncontrolling interests totaling $80 million and net purchases of common stock totaling $56 million. Sources of cash totaled $380$380 million and consisted of proceeds from subsidiary debt totaling $231 million and net proceeds from short-term debt totaling $149 million.

Net cash flows from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2009 were $(758) million. Uses of cash totaled $2.0$2.0 billion and consisted mainly of repayments of MEHC subordinated debt totaling $734 million, net repayments of short-term debt totaling $664 million, repayments of subsidiary debt totaling $444 million, and net purchases of common stock of $123 million and net payments to noncontrolling interests totaling $19 million. Sources of cash totaled $1.242$1.242 billion and consisted mainly of proceeds from the issuance of subsidiary debt totaling $992 million and proceeds from the issuance of MEHC senior debt totaling $250 million.

2012 Long-term Debt Transactions

Net cash flows from financing activities forIn February 2012, Topaz issued $850 million of the year ended December 31, 2008 were $866 million. Sources5.75% Series A Senior Secured Notes. The principal of cash totaled $3.872 billion and consisted mainly of proceeds from the issuance of MEHC senior and subordinated debt totaling $1.649 billion, proceeds from the issuance of subsidiary debt totaling $1.498 billion and thenotes amortize beginning September 2015 with a final maturity in September 2039. The net proceeds from short-term debt totaling $725 million. Uses of cash totaled $3.006 billionwill be used to fund or reimburse the costs and consisted mainly of repayments of MEHC senior and subordinated debt totaling $1.803 billion, repayments of subsidiary debt totaling $1.077 billion and a $99 million payment of hedging instrumentsexpenses related to the maturitydevelopment, construction and financing of United States dollar denominated debt at CE Electric UK.the Topaz Project, including amounts that have been advanced by, or will be advanced by, MEHC for the Topaz Project. Any unused amounts will be invested or, in certain circumstances, loaned to MEHC.
2011 Long-term Debt Transactions
In January and February 2011, Northern Electric issued £119Topaz expects to issue approximately $430 million of additional senior secured notes with maturity dates ranging from 2018contingent upon certain contractual conditions and market conditions to 2020 at interest rates ranging from 3.901% to 4.586%.fund construction costs.
2010 Long-term Debt Transactions and Agreements

In additionJanuary 2012, PacifiCorp issued $350 million of its 2.95% First Mortgage Bonds due February 1, 2022 and $300 million of its 4.10% First Mortgage Bonds due February 1, 2042. The net proceeds were used to the transactions discussed herein, MEHCrepay short-term debt, fund capital expenditures and its subsidiaries made repayments on MEHC subordinated debt and subsidiary debt totaling for general corporate purposes.$381 million during the year ended December 31, 2010.
•    In July 2010, MEHC called and repaid at par value $92 million of 6.25% CalEnergy Capital Trust II subordinated debt due in February 2012.
•    In July 2010, Yorkshire Electricity closed on a £151 million finance contract with the EIB and issued £151 million of 4.13% notes due July 20, 2022. The net proceeds are being used to fund capital expenditures. Also in July 2010, Northern Electric closed on a £119 million finance contract with the EIB.
2009 Long-term Debt Transactions and Agreements
In addition to the debt issuances dis cussed herein, MEHC and its subsidiaries made repayments on MEHC subordinated debt and subsidiary debt totaling $1.178 billion during the year ended December 31, 2009.
•    In July 2009, MEHC issued $250 million of its 3.15% Senior Notes due July 15, 2012. The net proceeds are being used for general corporate purposes.

56


•    In January 2009, PacifiCorp issued $350&nb sp;million of its 5.5% First Mortgage Bonds due January 15, 2019 and $650 million of its 6.0% First Mortgage Bonds due January 15, 2039. The net proceeds were used to repay short-term debt and are being used to fund capital expenditures and for general corporate purposes.
2008 Long-term Debt Transactions and Agreements
In addition to the debt issuances discussed herein, MEHC and its subsidiaries made scheduled repayments on and purchases of MEHC senior and subordinated debt a nd subsidiary debt totaling $3.234 billion during the year ended December 31, 2008.
•    In September 2008, a wholly-owned subsidiary trust of MEHC issued $1.0 billion of 11% mandatory redeemable preferred securities to affiliates of Berkshire Hathaway due in August 2015 and MEHC issued $1.0 billion of 11% subordinated debt to the trust. The proceeds were used to purchase a $1.0 billion investme nt in Constellation Energy 8% Preferred Stock.
•    In July 2008, PacifiCorp issued $500 million of 5.65% first mortgage bonds due July 15, 2018 and $300 million of 6.35% first mortgage bonds due July 15, 2038. The net proceeds were used for general corporate purposes.
•    In July 2008, Northern Natural Gas issued $200 million of 5.75% senior notes due July 15, 2018. The net proceeds were used to repay at maturity its $150 million, 6.75% senior notes due September 15, 2008 and the remainder was used for general corporate purposes.
•    In July 2008, the Iowa Finance Authority issued $45 million of variable-rate tax-exempt bonds due July 1, 2038, the proceeds of which were loaned to MidAmerican Energy and are restricted for the payment of qualified environmental construction costs. Also on July 1, 2008, the Iowa Finance Authority issued $57 million of variable-rate tax-exempt bonds due May 1, 2023 to refinance $57 million of pollution control revenue refunding bonds issued on behalf of MidAmerican Energy in 1993. These variable-rate tax-exempt bonds are remarketed and the interest rates reset on a weekly basis.
•    In March 2008, MEHC issued $650 million of 5.75% senior notes due April 1, 2018. The net proceeds were used for general corporate purposes.
•    In March 2008, MidAmerican Energy issued $350 million of 5.3% senior notes due March 15, 2018. The proceeds were used by MidAmerican Energy to pay construction costs, including costs for its wind-powered generation projects in Iowa, repay short-term indebtedness and for g eneral corporate purposes.
The Company may from time to time seek to acquire its outstanding debt securities through cash purchases in the open market, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Any debt securities repurchased by the Company may be reissued or resold by the Company from time to time and will depend on prevailing market conditions, the Company's liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material.


53



Future Uses of Cash

The Company has available a variety of sources of liquidity and capital resources, both internal and external, including net cash flows from operating activities, public and private debt offerings, the issuance of commercial paper, the use of unsecured revolving credit facilities, the issuance of equity and other sources. These sources are expected to provide funds required for current operations, capital expenditures, acquisitions, investments, debt retirements and other capital requirements. The availability and terms under which each subsidiary has access to external financing depends on a variety of factors, including its credit rating,ratings, investors' judgment of risk and conditions in the overall capital market, including the condition of the utility industr yindustry in general. Additionally, MEHC has the Berkshire Equity Commitment canpursuant to which Berkshire Hathaway has agreed to purchase up to $2.0 billion of MEHC's common equity upon any requests authorized from time to time by MEHC's Board of Directors. The Berkshire Equity Commitment expires on February 28, 2014 and may only be used for the purpose of (a) paying when due MEHC's debt obligations and (b) funding the general corporate purposes and capital requirements of MEHC's regulated subsidiaries. Berkshire Hathaway will have up to 180 days to fund any such request in increments of at least $250 million pursuant to one or more drawings authorized by MEHC's Board of Directors. The funding of any such drawing will be made by means of a cash equity contribution to MEHC in exchange for additional shares of MEHC's common stock. In March 2010, MEHC and Berkshire Hathaway amended the Berkshire Equity Commitment extending the term from February 28, 2011 to February 28, 2014 and reducing the $3.5 billion to $2.0 billion effective March 1, 2011.


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Capital Expenditures

The Company has significant future capital requirements. Capital expenditure needs are reviewed regularly by management and may change significantly as a result of these reviews, which may consider, among other factors, changes in rules and regulations, including environmental and nuclear; outcomes of regulatory proceedings; changes in income tax laws; general business conditions; load projections; syste msystem reliability standards; the cost and efficiency of construction labor, equipment and materials; and the cost and availability of capital. ExpendituresPrudently incurred expenditures for compliance-related items, such as pollution-control technologies, replacement generation, nuclear decommissioning, hydroelectric relicensing, hydroelectric decommissioning and associated operating costs are generally incorporated into MEHC's energy subsidiaries' regulated retail rates.

Forecasted capital expenditures, which exclude amounts for non-cash equity AFUDC and other non-cash items, for the years ended December 31 are as follows (in millions):
 2011 2012 2013
Forecasted cap ital expenditures(1):
     
Construction and other development projects$1,301  $1,441  $1,842 
Operating projects1,749  1,665  1,559 
Total$3,050  
$3,106$3,401
 2012 2013 2014
Forecasted capital expenditures:
     
Construction and other development projects$2,094
 $2,051
 $1,959
Operating projects1,753
 1,426
 1,638
Total$3,847
 $3,477
 $3,597
(1)    Excludes amounts for non-cash equity AFUDC.

Construction and other development projects consist mainly of large scale projects at MidAmerican Renewables and the Utilities.

In January 2012, MEHC acquired Topaz and its 550-MW Topaz Project in California from a subsidiary of First Solar, Inc. ("First Solar"). The Topaz Project is expected to cost approximately $2.44 billion, including all interest during construction, and will be completed in 22 blocks with an aggregate tested capacity of 586 MW. The Topaz Project expects to place 45 MW in service in 2012, 236 MW in service in 2013, 252 MW in service in 2014 and 53 MW in service in 2015. The Topaz Project is being constructed pursuant to a fixed price, date certain, turn-key engineering, procurement and construction contract with a subsidiary of First Solar.

MEHC has committed to provide Topaz with equity to fund the costs of the Topaz Project in an amount up to $2.44 billion less, among other things, the gross proceeds of long-term debt issuances (including the gross proceeds of $850 million of the 5.75% Series A Senior Secured Notes issued by Topaz in February 2012), project revenue prior to completion and the total equity contributions made by MEHC or its subsidiaries. If MEHC does not maintain a minimum credit rating from two of the following three rating agencies of at least BBB- from Standard & Poor's Ratings Services or Fitch Ratings or Baa3 from Moody's Investors Service, MEHC's obligations under the equity commitment agreement would be supported by cash collateral or a letter of credit issued by a financial institution that meets certain minimum criteria specified in the financing documents. Upon reaching the final commercial operation date of the Topaz Project, MEHC will have no further obligation to make any equity contribution and any unused equity contribution obligations will be canceled.

The Utilities anticipate costs for emissions control equipment will total $1.361 billion between 2012 and 2014, which includes equipment to meet anticipated air quality and visibility targets, including the reduction of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions. This estimate includes the installation of new or the replacement of existing emissions control equipment at a number of units at several of the Utilities coal-fueled generating facilities.


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PacifiCorp MidAmerican Energy and Kern River. The 2011 through 2013 forecasted capital expenditures includeanticipates costs for transmission projects associated withwill total $1.205 billion between 2012 and 2014. The costs include PacifiCorp's Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Program totaling $1.0 billion,$905 million, including the following estimated remaining costs of $372costs:
$245 million for the 100-mile high-voltage transmission line being built between the Mona substation in central Utah and the Oquirrh substation in the Salt Lake Valley. A 65-mile segment of the Mona to Oquirrh transmission project will be a single-circuit 500-kV transmission line, while the remaining 35-mile segment will be a double-circuit 345-kV transmission line. The project is estimated to cost $440$374 million and is expected to be placed in service in 2013. Other
$288 million for the 160-mile single-circuit 345-kV transmission line being built between the Sigurd Substation in central Utah and the Red Butte Substation in southwest Utah. The Sigurd to Red Butte project is estimated to cost $380 million and is expected to be placed in service in 2015.
$372 million for other segments associated with this programthe Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Program that are expected to be placed in service through 2019,2021, depending on siting, permitting and construction schedules.

PacifiCorp anticipates spending $887 million oncosts for additional natural gas-fueled generating facilities will total $893 million between 20112012 and 2013,2014, which includes the construction of the approximately 637-MW Lake Side II combined-cycle combustion turbine2 natural gas-fired generating facility adjacent to its existing Lake Sidegas-fueled generating facility that is expected to be placed in service in 2014.
The Utilities anticipate spending $1.0 billion for emissions control equipment between 2011 and 2013, which includes equipment to meet anticipated water quality, air quality and visibility targets, including the reduction of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions. This estimate includes the installation of new or the replac ement of existing emissions control equipment at a number of units at several of the Utilities coal-fired generating facilities.
MidAmerican Energy continues to evaluate additional cost-effective wind-powered generation. In December 2009, the IUB issued an Order approving, subject to conditions, a settlement agreement between MidAmerican Energy2014, and the Iowa Officeinitial development and construction of Consumer Advocateanother combined-cycle combustion turbine natural gas-fueled generating facility planned to be placed in conjunction with MidAmerican Energy's ratemaking principles application to construct up to 1,001 MW (nominal ratings) of additional wind-powered generationservice in Iowa through 2012. Wind-powered generation projects under this agreement are authorized to earn a 12.2% return on equity in any future Iowa rate proceeding.2016.

MidAmerican Energy is constructing 593407 MW (nominal ratings) of wind-powered generation that it expects to place in service in 2011.2012. Total costs for these projects, excluding non-cash equity AFUDC, are estimated to be $1.0 billion,$680 million, with the payment of approximatelyover half of those costs deferred until late in 2013.the fourth quarter of 2015.

MidAmerican Energy has begun preliminary investigation into possible development of a nuclear generation facility. In support of such investigatory activities, Iowa law authorizes recovery of approximately $15 million over three years from MidAmerican Energy's Iowa customersRenewables anticipates costs for the cost of thi s effort,Bishop Hill II Project, an 81 MW wind-powered generating facility, will total $164 million in 2012. The Bishop Hill II Project is expected to be placed in service in 2012. Definitive agreements have been executed, subject to customary closing conditions, and the review of the IUB.acquisition is expected to close in March 2012.

In December 2011, MidAmerican Energy has not entered into any material commitments with regard to nuclear facility development.

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MidAmerican Energy is currently evaluating a number of transmission development projects withinreceived approval from the MISO footprintfor several MVPs located in Iowa and Illinois. MidAmerican Energy has submitted to the MISO for its consideration several "Multi-Value Projects"Illinois totaling approximately $600$550 million in capital costs,expenditures, the bulk of which will be incurred in 2014-2017. As of December 31, 2011, MidAmerican Energy had not contractually committed to material amounts for these projects.

Separately, in July 2011, the FERC issued Order No. 1000, which it expects feedback byaddresses transmission planning and cost allocation issues. Among other things, Order No. 1000 removes the endfederal right of 2011. If such projects arefirst refusal for certain new transmission investments approved by the MISO following its compliance filing with the bulk of the capital expenditures would occur in the 2015-2018 time frame. WhileFERC. MidAmerican Energy would bebelieves its approved MVPs are not subject to the developerloss of theseright of first refusal unless the projects are re-evaluated and changed under a significant portion of the revenue requirement associated with the investments would be shared with other MISO participants based on the MISO's cost allocation methodology. Additionally, other MISO participants have similar proposed transmission projects that are in various stages of considerationthree-year review process required by the MISO, for which a portion of the revenue requirement would be allocated toFERC. MidAmerican Energy based on the MISO's cost allocation process. MidAmerican Energy cannot predict which, if any,continues to actively review other impacts of these projects will be approved and proceed with development.Order No. 1000.
Kern River anticipates spending $225 million on the Apex Expansion project during 2011.

Capital expenditures related to operating projects consist of routine expenditures for distribution, generation, mining and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand.

Equity Investments

ETT, a company owned equally by subsidiaries of American Electric Power Company, Inc. and MEHC, owns and operates electric transmission assets in the ERCOT. In order to fund ETT's ongoing transmission investment, MEHC expects to make equity contributions to ETT during 2012, 2013 and 2014 of $107 million, $58 million and $4 million, respectively.

In January 2012, MEHC, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired from NRG Energy, Inc. a 49 percent interest in Agua Caliente, the owner of the 290-MW Agua Caliente Project in Arizona. The Agua Caliente Project is expected to costs approximately $1.8 billion and will be completed in 12 blocks with an aggregate tested capacity of 310 MW. The first 30-MW block of the Agua Caliente Project was placed in service in January 2012 and the Agua Caliente Project expects to place 112 additional MW in service in 2012, 136 MW in service in 2013 and 32 MW in service in 2014. The project is being constructed pursuant to a fixed price, date certain, turn-key engineering, procurement and construction contract with a subsidiary of First Solar. Construction costs are expected to be funded with equity contributions from MEHC and NRG Energy, Inc. and proceeds from a $967 million secured loan maturing in 2037 from an agency of the United States government as part of the United States Department of Energy loan guarantee program. Funding requests are submitted on a monthly basis and the approved loans accrue interest at a fixed rate based on the current average yield of comparable maturity United States Treasury rates plus a spread of 0.375%.


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Pursuant to an equity funding and contribution agreement, MEHC has committed to provide Agua Caliente with funding for (a) base equity contributions of up to an aggregate amount of $303 million for the construction of the project, and (b) transmission upgrade costs. In January 2012, MEHC entered into a $303 million letter of credit facility related to its funding commitments. The equity funding and contribution agreement and the letter of credit commitment decreases as equity is contributed to the Agua Caliente Project.

Contractual Obligations
The Company has contractual cash obligations that may affect its consolidated financial condition. The following table summarizes the Company's material contractual cash obligations as of December 31, 20102011 (in millions):
  Payments Due By Periods
    2012- 2014- 2016 and  
  2011 2013 2015 After Total
           
MEHC senior debt $  $750  $250  $4,375  $5,375 
MEHC subordinated debt 143  22    191  356 
Subsidiary debt 1,143  1,478  1,070  10,066  13,757 
Interest payments on long-term debt(1)
 1,153  2,052  1,834  12,955  17,994 
Short-term debt 320        320 
Coal, electricity and natural gas contract commitments(1)
 1,415  2,034  1,418  4,014  8,881 
Construction obligations(1)
 535  802  18  37
1,392
Operating leases and easements(1)
8211867285552
Maintenance, service and other commitments(1)
1526748153420Total contractual cash obligations$4,943
$7,323$4,705$32,076$49,047
  Payments Due By Periods
    2013- 2015- 2017 and  
  2012 2014 2016 After Total
           
MEHC senior debt $742
 $250
 $
 $4,375
 $5,367
MEHC subordinated debt 22
 
 
 
 22
Subsidiary debt 434
 2,043
 663
 10,526
 13,666
Interest payments on long-term debt(1)
 1,073
 1,951
 1,809
 12,060
 16,893
Short-term debt 865
 
 
 
 865
Coal, electricity and natural gas contract commitments(1)
 1,389
 1,958
 1,261
 3,621
 8,229
Construction commitments(1)
 757
 466
 442
 52
 1,717
Operating leases and easements(1)
 89
 127
 71
 366
 653
Maintenance, service and other contracts(1)
 192
 172
 51
 142
 557
Total contractual cash obligations $5,563
 $6,967
 $4,297
 $31,142
 $47,969

(1)Not reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company has other types of commitments that arise primarily from unused lines of credit, letters of credit or relate to construction and other development costs (Liquidity and Capital Resources included within this Item 7), debt guarantees (Note 12), asset retirement obligations (Note 13) and uncertain tax positions (Note 15) which have not been included in the above tablestable because the amount and timing of the cash payments are not certain. Additionally, refer to Note 23 for commitments that arose subsequent to December 31, 2011 and that are not included in the above table. Refer, where applicable, to the respective referenced note in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information.


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Regulatory Matters

MEHC's regulated subsidiaries and certain affiliates are subject to comprehensive regulation. In addition to the discussion contained herein regarding regulatory matters, refer to Item 1 of this Form 10-K for further discussion regarding the general regulatory framework at MEHC's regulated subsidiaries.
Certain regulatory matters are subject to uncertainties that require the use of estimates on the Consolidated Financial Statements. These relate to Iowa electric revenue sharing, rates implemented at Kern River subject to refund and Oregon Senate Bill 408. Refer to Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion.

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PacifiCorp
PacifiCorp is subject to comprehensive regulation by the UPSC, the OPUC, the WPSC, the WUTC, the IPUC and the CPUC. PacifiCorp pursues a regulatory program in all states, with the objective of keeping rates closely aligned to ongoing costs. PacifiCorp has separate power cost recovery mechanisms in Oregon, Wyoming, Idaho and California. The following discussion provides a state-by-state update.
FERC
As a result of a 2007 multi-party settlement with the FERC regarding long-term shared usage, coordinated operation and maintenance, and planning of certain 500-kV transmission lines, PacifiCorp agreed to file a Federal Power Act Section 205 general rate change filing for its system-wide transmission service rates no later than June 1, 2011. PacifiCorp is in the process of preparing for this filing, which will occur no later than the agreed upon date.

Utah

In March 2009, PacifiCorp filed for an ECAM with the UPSC. The filing recommended that the UPSC adopt the ECAMmechanism to recover the difference between base net power costs set in the next Utah general rate case and actual net power costs. The UPSC separated the application into two phases to first address whether the mechanism is in the public interest, and then if it is found to be in the public interest, to determine the type of mechanism that should be implemented. The UPSC completed the phase one hearings in January 2010. In February 2010, the UPSC issued an order to proceed to the second phase, concluding that the public interest determination is dependent on evidence to be provided in phase two. In February 2010, PacifiCorp filed an applicati on with the UPSC seeking approval to defer the difference between the net power costs allowed by the UPSC's final order in PacifiCorp's 2009 general rate case and the actual net power costs incurred. Also in February 2010, the Utah Association of Energy Users filed a motion with the UPSC requesting deferral of incremental renewable energy credit revenue in excess of the renewable energy credit value utilized in Utah rates established by the 2009 general rate case. In July 2010, the UPSC issued an order approving a stipulation that would establish deferred accounts for both net power costs and renewable energy creditREC revenues in excess of the levels currently included in rates, subject to the UPSC's final determination of the ratemaking treatment of the deferrals. In November 2010, a final hearing on the ECAM was held with the UPSC. A final decision as to whether all or any of the net power costs and renewable energy credit revenues in excess of the levels currently included in rates will be collected fr om or passed through to customers is under consideration by the UPSC. In December 2010, the UPSC approved a separate stipulation that providesprovided a $3 million monthly credit to customers effective January 1, 2011 that willto be applied toward the UPSC's final decision.
In February 2010,March 2011, the UPSC issued its final order approving the use of an EBA in Utah to begin at the conclusion of the general rate case described below. Under the EBA, which has been established as a four year pilot program, 70% of any difference between actual net power costs incurred and the amount of net power costs recovered through base rates are deferred during the calendar year. PacifiCorp must then file by March 15 of the following year to initiate collection or refund of the deferred balance. In April 2011, PacifiCorp filed an applicationa petition with the UPSC requesting an increasefor clarification and reconsideration of $34 million associated with two major construction projects that were completed and in service by June 2010. The application requested recovery in conjunction with a future rate change. In March 2010, PacifiCorp updated its applicationcertain aspects of the EBA order, including reconsideration of the UPSC's decision to reflect the cost of capital decisionsexclude financial swaps from the February 2010 general rate case order, reducing the amount requested for recovery to $33 million . InEBA, which was granted in May 2010, a multi-party stipulation was filed with the UPSC agreeing to recovery of $31 million. In June 2010, the stipulation was approved by the UPSC.
In August 2010, PacifiCorp filed an application with the UPSC requesting an increase of $39 million associated with two major construction projects expected to be complete and in service by December 2010. The application requested a 5% increase in rates effective January 2011 encompassing both the $39 million requested increase and the $31 million increase approved by the UPSC in June 2010. In December 2010, the UPSC approved a stipulation that provides for a $64 million increase that encompasses both the February 2010 and the August 2010 applications. The stipulation also provides for collection of a one-time $16 million surcharge for recovery of amounts related to the February 2010 application that were deferred during the period July 2010 to December 2010. The new rates were effective January 1, 2011.

In January 2011, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the UPSC requesting a rate increase of $232 million, or an average price increase of 14%. IfIn June 2011, PacifiCorp filed its rebuttal testimony with the UPSC reducing the requested rate increase to $188 million, or an average price increase of 11%. In July 2011, PacifiCorp filed a settlement with the UPSC, which was approved by the UPSC in August 2011 and resulted in a $117 million rate increase, or an average price increase of 7% effective September 21, 2011. The settlement resolved all major dockets outstanding before the UPSC. Under the terms of the settlement, financial swaps are included in the EBA and a collaborative process with Utah stakeholders may result in future modifications to PacifiCorp's risk management and hedging policies. The settlement also concluded the ratemaking treatment of deferred accounts for net power costs and estimated sales of RECs in excess of the levels included in rates since the 2009 general rate case. The settlement provides for $60 million of net power costs in excess of amounts included in base rates to be recovered from Utah customers over a three-year period beginning June 1, 2012, without carrying charges. The settlement also provides for a $33 million credit to customers related to sales of RECs that substantially occurred in prior years and that will be credited to Utah customers over a period of approximately nine months beginning September 21, 2011, plus carrying charges. The settlement also establishes a balancing account for prospective REC sales. The settlement stipulation defers decisions regarding the ratemaking treatment associated with the Klamath hydroelectric system's four mainstem dams and relicensing and settlement costs as described in Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

In November 2011, PacifiCorp filed with the UPSC to decrease its DSM cost recovery tariff in Utah by 1% of a customer's eligible monthly charges. In January 2012, the UPSC approved an all-party stipulation to reduce the DSM surcharge by 0.4% effective September 2011.

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February 1, 2012. In addition, approximately $5 million will be credited to customers over a one-year period beginning June 1, 2012.
Oregon

In February 2010,2012, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the UPSC requesting a rate increase of $172 million, or an average price increase of 10%.

Oregon

In March 2011, PacifiCorp made its initial filing for the annual TAM with the OPUC for an annual increase of $69$62 million to recover the anticipated net power costs forecasted for calendar year 2011.2012. In July 2010,2011, PacifiCorp filed updated net power costs, reflecting an all-party stipulation wasincrease in the overall request to $63 million. In August 2011, PacifiCorp filed its surrebuttal testimony in the TAM proceeding decreasing the overall request to $59 million due to a reduction in forecasted net power costs. In September 2011, PacifiCorp reached a settlement with several parties, including the OPUC agreeingstaff, to anreduce the requested increase of $58to $51 million, or an average price increase of 6%. The4%, subject to final net power cost updates in November 2011. In November 2011, the OPUC approved the all-party stipulation in September&nbs p;2010, subject to updates for anticipated net power costs through November 2010. PacifiCorp filed the scheduled updates to net power costs in July and November 2010. In December 2010, PacifiCorp filed a final update to net power costs, reflecting anoverall rate increase of $60$51 million, or an average price increase of 6%4%. The OPUC approved the increase in December 2010 with an effective date of January 1, 2011.
In March 2010, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the OPUC requesting an increase of $131 million, or an average price increase of 13%. In July 2010, a multi-party stipulation was filed with the OPUC agreeing to an annual increase of $85 million, or an average price increase of 8%. The stipulation required PacifiCorp to file updated costs for the Populus to Terminal transmission line once the asset was placed in service. In December 2010, PacifiCorp filed the updated costs based on the November 2010 placed-in-service date and reduced the annual increase to $80 million, or an average price increase of 8%. In December 2010, the OPUC approved the stipulation. The new rates were effective January 1, 2011.2012.


Wyoming
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In October 2009, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WPSC requesting a rate increase of $71 million with an effective date of August 1, 2010. Net power costs included in the general rate case filing reflected an increase in coal costs and the expiration of low cost long-term power purchase contracts. The application was based on a test period ending December 31, 2010. In March 2010, a multi-party stipulation was filed with the WPSC agreeing to an overall rate increase of $36 million, or an average price increase of 7%, to be implemented in two phases. In May 2010, the WPSC approved the settlement agreement. The first phase of the rate increase, consisting of a $26 million increase, became effective July 1, 2010 and the second phase, consisting of the remaining $10 million increase, was effective February 1, 2011.
In January 2010, PacifiCorp filed its annual PCAM application2009 tax report under SB 408. In January 2011, PacifiCorp entered into a stipulation with the WPSC requesting recoveryOPUC staff and the Citizens' Utility Board of $8Oregon, whereby PacifiCorp, the OPUC staff and the Citizens' Utility Board of Oregon agreed to a surcharge of $13 million, plus interest. In April 2011, the OPUC issued an order adopting the stipulation without significant modification. The $13 million, plus interest, was recorded in deferred net power costs. In March 2010,earnings in the second quarter of 2011 and is being collected over a multi-party stipulation was filed with the WPSC agreeing to reduce the requested recovery to $4 million. one-year period that began in June 2011.

In May 2010,2011, Oregon Senate Bill 967 ("SB 967") was enacted into law. SB 967 repealed and replaced SB 408, and as a result, PacifiCorp will no longer be required to file tax reports under SB 408. Among other matters, SB 967 directs the WPSC approvedOPUC to consider the settlement agreement allowing for the change in the PCAM surcharge rate effective April 1, 2010.income tax component of rates when conducting ratemaking proceedings. The enactment of SB 967 did not impact PacifiCorp's consolidated financial results.

Wyoming

In April 2010, PacifiCorp filed an application with the WPSC requesting approval of a new ECAM to replace the existing PCAM. The PCAM concluded with the final deferral of net power costs in November 2010 and collection through March 2012. In November 2010, the WPSC approved effective December 1, 2010, the de ferral of net power costs incurred above or below base net power costs currently provided for in rates until the WPSC issues an order on PacifiCorp's application for the ECAM. In November 2010, the WPSC held hearings for the establishment and design of an ECAM. In February 2011, the WPSC issued an order approving an ECAM effective December 1, 2010, under which the forecast of net power costs will be established in general rate cases and included in the ECAM charges. In addition, 70% of any difference between actual and forecasted net power costs would beincurred and the amount of net power costs recovered through base rates, subject to certain other adjustments, are deferred as incurred during the ECAM mechanism between general rate cases.calendar year. PacifiCorp must then file by March 15 of the following year to initiate collection or refund of the deferred balance beginning June 1.
In February 2011, PacifiCorp filed its final PCAM application with the WPSC requesting recovery of $16 million in deferred net power costs. If approved by the WPSC, the rates will become effective in April 2011 and will result in an $11 million rate increase over the $5 million currently reflected in the tariff.

In November 2010, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WPSC requesting a rate increase of $98 million, or an average price increase of 17%. In May 2011, PacifiCorp filed its rebuttal testimony with the WPSC reducing the requested rate increase to $80 million. In June 2011, the WPSC approved a multi-party stipulation resulting in an annual rate increase of $62 million, or an average price increase of 11%. The stipulation also established a surcredit and a balancing account to pass on to or collect from customers any difference between the amount of the REC sales established in the surcredit and actual REC sales. The surcredit will be established annually based on PacifiCorp's forecasted REC sales, and the difference between the surcredit and actual REC sales will be tracked in the balancing account. For 2011, the surcredit was set at $17 million, or a 3% reduction. The rates were effective September 22, 2011.

In February 2011, PacifiCorp filed its final PCAM application with the WPSC requesting recovery of $16 million in deferred net power costs over the 12-month period ending March 31, 2012. PacifiCorp requested and received approval from the WPSC to implement an $11 million interim rate increase over the $5 million reflected in the tariff to be effective from April 1, 2011 until the WPSC issues a final order. In September 2011, PacifiCorp reached an agreement with intervening parties and filed a stipulation with the WPSC to recover $14 million in deferred net power costs. In October 2011, the WPSC approved the stipulation with an effective date of November 1, 2011.

In December 2011, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WPSC requesting an annual increase of $63 million, or an average price increase of 10%. If approved by the WPSC, the new rates willare expected to be effective September 2011.October 9, 2012.

Washington

In May 2010, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WUTC requesting an annual increase of $57 million, or an average price increase of 21%. In November 2010, the requested annual increase was reduced to $49 million, or an average price increase of 18%. If approvedIn March 2011, the WUTC issued a final order and clarification letter approving an annual increase of $33 million, or an average price increase of 12%, reduced in the first year by a customer bill credit of $5 million, or 2%, related to the sale of RECs expected during the twelve-month period ended March 31, 2012, as well as requiring PacifiCorp to submit additional information to the WUTC regarding the sales of RECs. The new rates were effective in April 2011. Although both PacifiCorp and the WUTC staff filed petitions for reconsideration of various items on the final order, the WUTC denied the petitions for reconsideration. In May 2011 PacifiCorp submitted to the WUTC the additional information required by the March 2011 order regarding PacifiCorp's proceeds from sales of RECs for the period January 1, 2009 forward and a detailed proposal for a tracking mechanism for proceeds of RECs. Intervening parties and WUTC staff are proposing that PacifiCorp refund to customers the amount of REC sales in excess of the amount included in base rates will besince January 1, 2009. Initial and reply briefs from all parties were filed in November 2011. Oral arguments were held before the WUTC in January 2012, and an order is expected during the first quarter of 2012.

In July 2011, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WUTC requesting an annual increase of $13 million, or an average price increase of 4%, with an effective April 2011.date no later than June 1, 2012. In February 2012, the parties to the proceeding filed a settlement agreement with the WUTC reflecting an annual increase of $5 million, or an average price increase of 2%. A hearing on the settlement agreement is scheduled for March 2012.


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Idaho

In May 2010, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the IPUC requesting an annual increase of $28 million, or an average price increase of 14%. In November 2010, the requested annual increase was reduced to $25 million, or an average price increase of 12%. In December 2010, the IPUC issued an interim order approving an annual increase of $14 million, or an average price increase of 7% with an effective date of December 28, 2010. TheIn February 2011, the IPUC plans to issueissued its final order with no revisions to the December 2010 increase. In March 2011, PacifiCorp petitioned the IPUC seeking reconsideration or rehearing on certain aspects of the order, including the IPUC's conclusion that 27% of PacifiCorp's Populus to Terminal transmission line investment is not currently used and useful and should be carried as plant held for future use. The Idaho-allocated share of 27% of the investment is approximately $13 million. In April 2011, the IPUC issued an order, accepting in February 2011.part and rejecting in part, PacifiCorp's motion for reconsideration, resulting in no significant changes to the IPUC's initial order. In May 2011, PacifiCorp filed an appeal of the Populus to Terminal decision to the Idaho Supreme Court requesting a determination on the legality of the IPUC's decision to exclude 27% of the Populus to Terminal line as a result of its conclusion that the line is not fully used and useful. As a result of the general rate case settlement process discussed below, PacifiCorp joined in a motion filed with the Idaho Supreme Court in October 2011, to stay the procedural schedule associated with the appeal until January 30, 2012, and the Idaho Supreme Court granted the motion. The matter was settled in the general rate case described below and the appeal was dismissed.

In May 2011, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the IPUC requesting an annual increase of $33 million, or an average price increase of 15%. In October 2011, a settlement was reached with the majority of parties in the case providing for a two-year agreement to increase rates by $17 million each year effective January 1, 2012 and January 1, 2013, representing average price increases of 8% and 7%, respectively. The settlement also resolved the dispute over the 27% of PacifiCorp's Populus to Terminal investment, providing for recovery of PacifiCorp's investment beginning on or after January 1, 2014. In January 2012, PacifiCorp received an order from the IPUC approving the settlement.

In February 2011, PacifiCorp filed an ECAM application with the IPUC requesting recovery of $13 million in deferred net power costs. In March 2011, the IPUC issued an order approving recovery of $10 million beginning April 1, 2011 and the remaining $3 million beginning in 2012.

In February 2012, PacifiCorp filed an ECAM application with the IPUC requesting recovery of $18 million in deferred net power costs through an increase to the current ECAM surcharge rate established in 2011. If approved, by the IPUC, the new rates will be effective April 1, 2011.2012.

CaliforniaMidAmerican Energy

In November 2009, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the CPUC requesting an annual increase of $8 million, or an average price increase of 10%. In Jun e 2010, PacifiCorp filed an all-party settlement agreement with the CPUC that reflects an annual increase of $4 million, or an average price increase of 5%, and includes the establishment of revised depreciation rates on California distribution assets. In September 2010, the CPUC approved the settlement agreement with an effective date of January 1, 2011.
In August 2010, PacifiCorpOn February 21, 2012, MidAmerican Energy filed an application with the CPUCIUB for an interim and final increase in Iowa retail electric rates in the form of two adjustment clauses to be added to customers' bills. The requested adjustment clauses and a modification to current revenue sharing provisions are consistent with a November 2011 settlement agreement between MidAmerican Energy and the OCA, in which the parties agree to support the proposed changes. The adjustment clauses would recover anticipated increases in retail coal and coal transportation costs and environmental control expenditures subject to an aggregate maximum of $39 million, or 3.4%, for 2012 and an additional $37 million for an aggregate maximum of $76 million for 2013, or a 3.2% increase rates pursuantfrom 2012. The requested modification to the energy cost adjustment clause ("ECAC")existing revenue sharing provisions provides for MidAmerican Energy to share with its customers 20% of revenue associated with Iowa electric returns on equity between 10% and 10.5%, 50% of revenue associated with Iowa electric returns on equity between 10.5% and 11.75%, 75% of revenue associated with Iowa electric returns on equity between 11.75% and 13.0% and 83.3% of revenue associated with Iowa electric returns on equity above 13.0%. InSuch shared amounts would reduce MidAmerican Energy's investment in the application, PacifiCorp requested aWalter Scott, Jr. Energy Center Unit 4. There would be no revenue sharing for Iowa electric returns on equity below 10%. Pursuant to the settlement agreement, MidAmerican Energy is not precluded from seeking interim rate increase of $9 million, or an average price increase of 11%. In November 2010, the CPUC approved the ECAC with an effective date of January 1, 2011.relief in 2013.

Northern Natural GasKern River

In NovemberDecember 2009, the FERC issued an order initiatingestablishing revised rates for the period of Kern River's current long-term contracts ("Period One rates") and required that rates be established based on a levelized rate proceeding under Section 5design for eligible customers to elect to take service following the expiration of their current contracts ("Period Two rates"). The FERC set all other issues related to Period Two rates for hearing. In November 2010, the FERC issued an order that denied all requests for rehearing related to Period One rates from the FERC's December 2009 order and established that Kern River is entitled to base its Period Two rates on a 100% equity capital structure. In January 2011, Kern River filed a motion for clarification on certain depreciation issues with the FERC.


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In July 2011, the FERC issued its order substantially adopting the presiding administrative law judge's initial decision issued in April 2011 regarding Kern River's Period Two rates. According to the decisions, Period Two rates should be based on a return on equity of 11.55%, a capital structure of 100% and a levelization period that coincides with a contract length of 10 or 15 years. Kern River has a regulatory asset approved by the FERC associated with compressor engines and general plant replacements that can be recovered in a future rate case and was not incorporated into Period Two rates at this time. Kern River, as well as others, requested rehearing and clarification of the NGA forFERC's July 2011 order on a majority of the purpose of investigating whether Northern Natural Gas' regulated rates are just and reasonable. In February 2010, Northern Natural Gasissues. Kern River filed a cost and revenue study pursuant totariffs in compliance with the FERC's order that demonstrated no adjustmentin August 2011 and, following an order on compliance, again in September 2011. In late September 2011, the FERC issued a second order on compliance, accepting Kern River's tariff filing. The FERC has not yet responded to Northern Natural Gas' regulated rates was warranted. In May 2010, a group of seven large customers filed a motion to terminate the proceeding provided Northern Natural Gas would not file to make new regulated rates e ffective prior to November 2011. The motion was supported or not opposed by customers representing 96%requests for rehearing and clarification of the entitlement on Northern Natural Gas' system, as well as four state regulatory commissions and a consumer advocate intervenor. In May 2010, the FERC granted the motion to terminate the proceeding. Certain intervenors requested that the FERC rehear its granting of the motion. The FERC denied rehearing of the order in October 2010.July 2011 order.

CE Electric UKETT

In December 2009, Northern Electric2011, ETT filed its second Interim Transmission Cost of Service ("TCOS") of 2011 at the PUCT. The application was based on a test year ending October 31, 2011. The filing requested an increase in total transmission invested capital of $82 million and Yorkshire Electricity accepted Ofgem'sa total revenue requirement increase of $11 million. In January 2012, the PUCT staff recommended approval of ETT's second interim TCOS filing of 2011. ETT, along with PUCT staff, filed a joint proposed notice of approval. On January 31, 2012, the administrative law judge signed the final proposal fororder making the distribution price control review. The new price control formula commenced April 1, 2010 and is expected to apply through March 31, 2015.rates effective.
As a result of these changes, excluding the effects of incentive schemes, it is expected the base allowed revenue of Northern Electric and Yorkshire Electricity will be permitted to increase by approximately 7.7% and 6.5%, respectively, plus inflation (as measured by the change in the United Kingdom's retail prices index) in each of the next five regulatory years that commenced April 1, 2010.

Environmental Laws and Regulations

The Company is subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations regarding air and water quality, renewable portfolio standards,RPS, emissions performance standards, climate change, coal combustion byproducts,byproduct disposal, hazardous and solid waste disposal, protected species and other environmental matters that have the potential to impact the Company's current and future operations. In addition to imposing continuing compliance obligations, these laws and regulations provide regulators with the authority to levy substantial penalties for noncompliance including fines, injunctive rel iefrelief and other sanctions. These laws and regulations are administered by the EPA and various other state, local and international agencies. All such laws and regulations are subject to a range of interpretation, which may ultimately be resolved by the courts. Environmental laws and regulations continue to evolve, and the Company is unable to predict the impact of the changing laws and regulations on its operations and consolidated financial results. The Company believes it is in material compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Refer to "Future Uses of Cash""Liquidity and Capital Resources" for discussion of the Company's forecasted environmental-related capital expenditures.

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Clean Air Standards

The Clean Air Act is a federal law administered by the EPA that provides a framework for protecting and improving the nation's air quality and controlling sources of air emissions. The implementation of new standards is generally outlined in State Implementation Plans ("SIPs"). SIPs, which are a collection of regulations, programs and policies to be followed,followed. SIPs vary by state and are subject to public hearings and EPA approval. Some states may adopt additional or more stringent requirements than those impl ementedimplemented by the EPA. The major Clean Air Act programs which most directly affectaffecting the Company's operations, are described below.

National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Under the authority of the Clean Air Act, the EPA sets minimum national ambient air quality standards for six principal pollutants, consisting of carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, ozone and sulfur dioxide, considered harmful to public health and the environment. Areas that achieve the standards, as det ermineddetermined by ambient air quality monitoring, are characterized as being in attainment, while those that fail to meet the standards are designated as being nonattainment areas. Generally, sources of emissions in a nonattainment area that are determined to contribute to the nonattainment are required to reduce emissions. Most air quality standards require measurement over a defined period of time to determine the average concentration of the pollutant present. Currently, air quality monitoring data indicates that all counties where MidAmerican Energy's major emission sources are located are in attainment of the current national ambient air quality standards.

In December 2009, the EPA designated the Utah counties of Davis and Salt Lake, as well as portions of Box Eld er,Elder, Cache, Tooele, Utah and Weber counties, to be in nonattainment of the fine particulate matter standard. This designation has the potential to impact PacifiCorp's Little Mountain, Lake Side and Gadsby generating facilities, depending on the requirements to be established in the Utah SIP. The impact, if any, on the PacifiCorpPacifiCorp's generating facilities is not anticipated to be significant.


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In January 2010, the EPA proposed a rule to strengthen the national ambient air quality standard for ground level ozone. The proposed rule arisesarose out of legal challenges claiming that thea March 2008 rule that reduced the standard from 80 parts per billion to 75 parts per billion was not strict enough. The new rule proposesproposed a standard between 60 and 70 parts per billion. In September 2011, the President requested that the EPA withdraw the proposed ozone standard and allow the review of the standards to proceed through the regularly scheduled review in 2013. The EPA has delayed issua nceis, therefore, proceeding with implementation of the finalMarch 2008 ozone standards until July 2011.and, in December 2011, issued its response to states' recommendations on area attainment designations. Part of the EPA's response recommended that the Upper Green River Basin Area in Wyoming, including all of Sublette and portions of Lincoln and Sweetwater Counties, be designated as nonattainment for the March 2008 ozone standard. While PacifiCorp's Jim Bridger plant is located in Sweetwater County, it is not in the portion proposed for designation as nonattainment and is not expected to be impacted by the proposed designation. The EPA also published a proposed consent decree in the Federal Register in December 2011, requiring it to sign final designations for the March 2008 ozone standard by May 31, 2012.

In January 2010, the EPA finalized a one-hour air quality standard for nitrogen dioxide at 0.10 part per million. State attainmentThe EPA published final designations were required to be submitted tothat are effective February 29, 2012, indicating that based on air quality monitoring data, all areas of the EPA by January 1, 2011, andcountry are designated as "unclassifiable/attainment" for the EPA must finalize the designations by January 1, 2012.2010 nitrogen dioxide national ambient air quality standard.

In June 2010, the EPA finalized a new national ambient air quality standard for sulfur dioxide. Under the new rule, the existing 24-hour and annual standards for sulfur dioxide, which were 140 parts per billion measured over 24 hours and 30 parts per billion measured over an entire year, were replaced with a new one-hour standard of 75 parts per billion. The new rule will utilize a three-year average to determine attainment. The rule will utilize source modeling, in addition to the installation of ambient monitors where sulfur dioxide emissions impact populated areas, with new monitors required to be in-serviceplaced in service no later than January 2013. Attainment designations are due by June 2012, with SIPs due by 2014 and final attainment demonstrations by August 2017.

As new, more stringent standards are adopted, the number of counties designated as nonattainment areas is likely to increase. Businesses operating in newly designa teddesignated nonattainment counties could face increased regulation and costs to monitor or reduce emissions. For instance, existing major emissions sources may have to install reasonably available control technologies to achieve certain reductions in emissions and undertake additional monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting. The construction or modification of facilities that are sources of emissions could become more difficult in nonattainment areas. Until additional monitoring and modeling is conducted, the impacts on the Company cannot be determined.

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CleanMercury and Air Mercury RuleToxics Standards

The Clean Air Mercury Rule ("CAMR"), issued by the EPA in March 2005, was the United States' first attempt to regulate mercury emissions from coal-firedcoal-fueled generating facilities through the use of a market-based cap-and-trade system. The CAMR, which mandated emissions reductions of approximately 70% by 2018, was overturned by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ("D.C. Circuit") in February 2008. TheIn March 2011, the EPA plans to proposeproposed a new rule that willwould require coal-firedcoal-fueled generating facilities to reduce mercury emissions by utilizing a mandatedand other hazardous air pollutants through the establishment of "Maximum Achievable Control Technology" standardstandards rather than a cap-and-trade system. In addition to regulating mercury under the newThe final rule, MATS, was released by the EPA may regulatein December 2011 and published in the Federal Register on February 16, 2012, and requires that new and existing coal-fueled facilities achieve emission standards for mercury, acid gases and other non-mercury hazardous air pollutants. Under a consent decree,Existing sources are required to comply with the EPA must issue a proposednew standards within three years after the rule is final, with individual sources granted an additional year to regulatecomplete installation of controls if approved by the permitting authority. While the final MATS continues to be reviewed by the Company, the Company believes that its emissions reduction projects completed to date or currently permitted or planned for installation, including scrubbers, baghouses and electrostatic precipitators are consistent with the EPA's MATS and will support the Company's ability to comply with the final rule's standards for acid gases and non-mercury metallic hazardous air pollutants. The Company will be required to take additional actions to reduce mercury emissions by March 2011through the installation of controls or use of sorbent injection at certain of its coal-fueled generating facilities and aotherwise comply with the final rule no later than November 2011. If adopted, the new rule will likely result in incrementalrule's standards. The Company is evaluating whether or not to close certain units. Incremental costs to install and maintain mercury emissions control equipment at each of the Company's coal-firedcoal-fueled generating facilities and wouldany requirements to shut down generating facilities will increase the cost of providing service to customers. Until the EPA issues the proposed and final rules, the impacts on the Company cannot be determined.
 

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Clean Air Interstate Rule, and Clean Air Transport Rule and Cross-State Air Pollution Rule

The EPA promulgated the Clean Air Interstate Rule ("CAIR")CAIR in March 2005 to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, precursors of ozone and particulate matter, from down-wind sources. The CAIR required states in the eastern United States, including Iowa, to reduce emissions by implementing a plan based on a market-based cap-and-trade system, emissions reductions, or both. The CAIR created separate trading programs for nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emissions credits. The nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emissions reductions were planned to be accomplished in two phases, in 2009-2010 and 2015.

In July 2008, a three-judge panel of the D.C. Circuit issued a unanimous decision vacating the CAIR. In December 2008, the D.C. Circuit issued an opinion remanding, without vacating, the CAIR back to the EPA to conduct proceedings to fix the flaws in CAIR consistent with the D.C. Circuit's July 2008 ruling.

In July 2010, the EPA proposed the Clean Air Transport Rule ("Transport Rule"), a replacement of the CAIR, which requiresrequired electric generating units in 31 states and the District of Columbia to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide on a state-by-state basis in accordance with each state's modeled contribution to nonattainment of the ozone an dand fine particulate standards in downwind states. The emissions reductions required under the Transport Rule arewere intended only to resolve transported emissions and not to resolve air quality issues in the states where the generation is located. The Transport Rule's emissions reduction requirements arewere proposed to take place in two phases, with the first phase beginning in 2012 and the second phase beginning in 2014. By 2014, the Transport Rule and other state and EPA actions would reduce power plant nitrogen oxides emissions by 52% and sulfur dioxide emissions by 71% from 2005 levels in covered states. The EPA willproposed to administer separate trading programs for nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide credits under the Transport Rule and has identified three potential options for implementation. The EPA's preferred approach allows region-wide trading of annual nitrogen oxides allowances and limited trading of sulfur dioxide allowances. The second approach would allow trading of emissions allowances only between facilities within a state. The final approach would not allow any trading of allowances. Under this approach, each emitting facility would be required to meet plant-specific emissions rates.Rule. Facilities arewere required to comply with the CAIR until the Transport Rule isbecame effective.

In July 2011, the EPA issued the final Transport Rule, renamed the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule ("CSAPR"), to address interstate transport of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions in effect.
PacifiCorp's27 eastern and Midwestern states. Upon full implementation in 2014, the CSAPR will reduce total sulfur dioxide emissions by 73% and nitrogen oxides emissions by 54% at electric generating facilities in the 27-state region as compared to 2005 levels. MidAmerican Energy's coal-fueled generating facilities in Iowa are not subjectimpacted by and required to make emissions reductions and otherwise comply with the CSAPR. In addition to issuing the final rule, the EPA issued a supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking to include Iowa and five other states in the ozone season nitrogen oxides emissions reduction requirements. The ozone season supplemental proposal was finalized in December 2011, and includes Iowa and four other states in the CSAPR ozone season nitrogen oxide emission reduction requirements. While MidAmerican Energy operates natural gas-fueled generating facilities in Iowa and MidAmerican Renewables operates natural gas-fueled generating facilities within the states of Illinois, Texas and New York, which are in the CSAPR region, no significant impact is expected on those generating facilities.

In December 2011, the D.C. Circuit issued a stay on the implementation of the CSAPR pending consideration of several petitions for review before the court. The court held that the CAIR orshould be administered pending the Transport Rule. resolution of the pending petitions for review.

MidAmerican Energy is currently required to complycomplying with the CAIR untiland has installed or is in the Transport Rule is adopted. As a result, MidAmerican Energy has installedprocess of installing emissions controls at some of its generating facilities to comply with the CAIR and purchasesmay purchase nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emissions credits for emissions in excess of allocated allowances. The cost of these credits is subject to market conditions at the time of purchase and historically has not been material. The full impact of the Transport RuleCSAPR, or the CAIR, cannot be determined until the EPA issues its final rule, whichoutcome of the litigation pending in the D.C. Circuit or the stay of the CSAPR is expected in 2011.lifted. It is possible that the existing CAIR or the proposed Transport RuleCSAPR may be replaced with more stringent requirements to reduce nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emissions and that these requirements could be extended to the western United States through regulation or legislation such as a multi-pollutant emissions reduction bill.

CalEnergy U.S.'sMidAmerican Renewables' natural gas generating facilities in Texas, Illinois and New York are also subject to the CAIR until the Transport RuleCSAPR is adopted. However, the provisions are not anticipated to have a material impact on the Company. PacifiCorp's generating facilities are not subject to the CAIR or the CSAPR.

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Regional Haze

The EPA has initiated a regional haze program intended to improve visibility in designated federally protected areas ("Class I areas"). Some of PacifiCorp's coal-fueled generating facilities in Utah and Wyoming and MidAmerican Energy's coal-fueled generating facilities meet the threshold applicability criteria to be eligible units under the Clean Air Visibility Rules. In accordance with the federal requirements, states were required to submit SIPs by December 2007 to demonstrate reasonable progress towards achieving natural visibility conditions in Class I areas by requiring emissions controls, known as best available retrofit technology, on sources constructed between 1962 and 1977 with emissions that are anticipated to cause or contribute to impairment of visibility. Iowa submitted its SIP to the EPA and suggested that the emissions reductions already made by MidAmerican Energy and additional reductions that will be made under the CAIR place the state in the position that no further reductions should be required. Wyoming issued best available retrofit technology permits to PacifiCorp on December 31, 2009, requiring PacifiCorp to implement emissions control projects that are consistent with the planned emissions reduction projects at PacifiCorp's Wyo ming generating facilities. PacifiCorp appealed certain provisions of the Naughton and Jim Bridger generating facilities' permits, but the appeals were settled. Utah submitted its most recent regional haze SIP amendments in 2011 and suggested that the emissions reduction projects planned by PacifiCorp are sufficient to meet its initial emissions reduction requirements. In September 2011, the Company received a Section 114 request for information from the EPA Region VIII requiring the Company to submit a five-factor best available retrofit technology analysis for PacifiCorp's Hunter Units 1 and 2 and the Huntington generating facility in Utah is currentlywithin 30 days based on the EPA's assertion that Utah failed to submit such an analysis. The Company responded to the request in November 2011 and indicated it would work with the processUtah Division of amending its SIP submittal,Air Quality to complete the requested analysis which, based on a schedule proposed by Utah to the EPA, will be open for public comment until March 2011. In January 2009,part of a process to conclude with a submittal to the EPA found that 37 states, including Wyoming, had failed to file a SIP that met some or all of the basic regional haze program requirements.in February 2013. Wyoming submitted its regional haze SIP to the EPA in January 2011. The EPA is currently under a consent decree to issue a proposed decision on the Wyoming SIP by May 15, 2012, and a final decision by October 15, 2012. PacifiCorp believes that its planned emissions reduction projects will satisfy the regional haze requirements in Utah and Wyoming. It is possible that additional controls may be required after the respective SIPs have been submitted and approvedconsidered by the EPA or that the timing of installation of planned controls could change.

The EPA's rejection of regional haze SIPs based on the state's selection of less stringent controls than the EPA believes are warranted has resulted in lawsuits being filed by states and affected entities. Cases are pending before the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals by New Mexico and Oklahoma and additional cases are likely to be filed.

In December 2011, the EPA proposed to accept the emission reductions made by states impacted by the CSAPR, including Iowa, as meeting the requirements of the regional haze program. If the EPA finalizes the proposal, no further emission reductions are expected from MidAmerican Energy's coal-fueled generating facilities for purposes of meeting the regional haze requirements.

New Source Review

Under existing New Source Review ("NSR") provisions of the Clean Air Act, any facility that emits regulated pollutants is required to obtain a permit from the EPA or a state regulatory agency prior to (a) beginning construction of a new major stationary source of a regulated pollutant or (b) making a physical or operational change to an existing stationary source of such pollutants that increases certain levels of emissions, unless the changes are exempt under the regulatio nsregulations (including routine maintenance, repair and replacement of equipment). In general, projects subject to NSR regulations require pre-construction review and permitting under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration ("PSD") provisions of the Clean Air Act. Under the PSD program, a project that emits threshold levels of regulated pollutants must undergo an analysis to determine the best available control technology and evaluate the most effective emissions controls after consideration of a number of factors. Violations of NSR regulations, which may be alleged by the EPA, states, environmental groups and others, potentially subject a company to material fines and other sanctions and remedies, including installation of enhanced pollution controls and funding of supplemental environmental projects.
As part of an industry-wide investigation to assess compliance with the NSR and PSD provisions, the EPA has requested information and supporting documentation from numerous utilities regarding their capital projects for various generating facilities. A NSR enforcement case against an unrelated utility has been decided by the United States Supreme Court, holding that an increase in the annual emissions of a generating facility, when combined with a modification (i.e., a physical or operational change), may trigger NSR permitting. Between 2001 and 2003, PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy responded to requests for information relating to their capital projects at their generating facilities. PacifiCorp has been engaged in periodic discussions with the EPA over several years regarding PacifiCorp's historical projects and their compliance with NSR and PSD provisions. Final resolution has not been achieved. PacifiCorp cannot predict the outcome of its discussions with the EPA at this time; however, PacifiCorp could be required to install additional emissions controls and incur additional costs and penalties in the event it is determined that PacifiCorp's historical projects did not meet all regulatory requirements. MidAmerican Energy currently has no outstanding data requests from the EPA.

Numerous changes have been proposed to the NSR rules and regulations over the last several years. In addition to the proposed changes, differing interpretations by the EPA and the courts create risk and uncertainty for entities when seeking permits for new projects and installing emissions controls at existing facilities under NSR requirements. The Company monitors these changes and interpretations to ensure permitting activities are conducted in accordance wi thwith the applicable requirements.

As part of an industry-wide investigation to assess compliance with the NSR and PSD provisions, the EPA has requested information and supporting documentation from numerous utilities regarding their capital projects for various coal-fueled generating facilities. A NSR enforcement case against an unrelated utility has been decided by the United States Supreme Court, holding that an increase in the annual emissions of a generating facility, when combined with a modification (i.e., a physical or operational change), may trigger NSR permitting. Between 2001 and 2003, PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy responded to requests for information relating to their capital projects at their coal-fueled generating facilities. PacifiCorp engaged in periodic discussions with the EPA over several years regarding PacifiCorp's historical projects and their compliance with NSR and PSD provisions. In September 2011, PacifiCorp received a letter from the EPA concluding these discussions. PacifiCorp cannot predict the next steps in this process and could be required to install additional emissions controls and incur additional costs and penalties in the event it is determined that PacifiCorp's historical projects did not meet all regulatory requirements.


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In October 2011, MidAmerican Energy received a request from the EPA Region VII pursuant to Section 114 of the Clean Air Act for information on its coal-fueled generating facilities to supplement the requests made in 2002 and 2003. MidAmerican Energy submitted its response to the October 2011 request in December 2011. MidAmerican Energy cannot predict the outcome of this matter at this time.

Climate Change

The increased global attention to climate changeIn April 2011, the United States House of Representatives voted 255-177 on a bill (H.R. 910) that would prevent the EPA from regulating GHG emissions. No action has resulted inbeen taken by the Senate on the bill. While significant measures being proposedto regulate GHG emissions at the federal level to regulate GHG emissions. Thewere considered by the United States Congress has considered, but has not adopted,in 2010, comprehensive climate change legislation which included a market-based cap-and-trade program that was intendedhas not been adopted. International discussions regarding climate change continue to reduce GHG emissions 83% below 2005 levels by 2050.be held periodically, but agreement has not been reached on how nations will address future climate change commitments upon the expiration of the Kyoto Protocol in December 2012.


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In December 2009, the EPA published its findings that GHG threaten the public health and welfare and is pursuing regulation of GHG emissions under the Clean Air Act. Additionally, in May 2010, the EPA issued the greenhouse gas "tailoring rule"GHG "Tailoring Rule" to address permitting requirements for GHG after determining that GHG are subject to regulation and would trigger Clean Air Act permitting requirements for stationary sources beginning in January 2011. Numerous lawsuits have been filed on both the EPA's endangermen tendangerment finding and the tailoring rule and are pending in the D.C. Circuit.Circuit with arguments scheduled to take place in February 2012.
The Company supports the implementation of reasonable emissions caps, but opposes trading mechanisms that impose additional costs and do not result in decreased emissions. The Company also believes that any law or regulation should provide a reasonable transition period to allow the phase in of low-carbon generating technologies that will achieve sustainable and cost-effective GHG emissions reduction benefits.

While the debate continues at the federal and i nternationalinternational level over the direction of climate change policy, several states have developed or are developing state-specific laws or regional initiatives to report or mitigate GHG emissions. In addition, governmental, non-governmental and environmental organizations have become more active in pursuing climate change related litigation under existing laws.

California mandatory GHG reporting requirements began with 2008 emissions and PacifiCorp voluntarily reportshas reported its GHG emissions to the California Climate Action Registry and The Climate Registry.annually since their inception. In September 2009, the EPA issued its final rule regarding mandatory reporting of GHG ("GHG Reporting") beginning January 1, 2010. Under GHG Reporting, suppliers of fossil fuels, manufacturers of vehicles and engines, and facilities that emit 25,000 metric tons or more per year of GHG are required to submit annual reports to the EPA. PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy and CalEnergy U.S.MidAmerican Renewables are subject to this requirement and will submitsubmitted their first reports by March 31,prior to September 30, 2011. Northern Natural Gas and Kern River will be required to reportreported their combustion-related GHG emissions by March 31,prior to September 30, 2011, and are required to report their GHG emissions from equipment leaks and venting by March 31,September 28, 2012. The EPA released the 2010 GHG emissions reports in January 2012.

TheIn the absence of comprehensive climate legislation or regulation, the Company is committedhas continued to operatinginvest in lower- and non-carbon generating resources and to operate in an environmentally responsible manner. Examples of the Company's significant investments in programs and facilities that will mitigate its GHG emissions include:
•    MidAmerican Energy owns the largest and PacifiCorp owns the second largest portfolio of wind-powered generating capacity in the United States among rate-regulated utilities. As of December 31, 2010, the Company owned 2,316 MW of wind-powered generating capacity at a total cost of $4.4 billion. MidAmerican Energy is constructing an additional 593 MW of wind-powered generation that it expects to place in service in 2011. Additionally, the Company has purchase power agreements with 801 MW of wind-powered generating capacity.
•    PacifiCorp owns 1,157 MW of hydroelectric generating capacity.
•    
MidAmerican Energy owns the largest and PacifiCorp owns the second largest portfolio of wind-powered generating capacity in the United States among rate-regulated utilities. As of December 31, 2011, the Company owned 2,909 MW of operating wind-powered generating capacity at a total cost of $5.4 billion. MidAmerican Energy is constructing an additional 407 MW of wind-powered generation that it expects to place in service in 2012. Additionally, the Company has power purchase agreements with 858 MW of wind-powered generating capacity.
PacifiCorp owns 1,145 MW of hydroelectric generating capacity.
In January 2012, MEHC, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired the 550-MW Topaz Project and a 49 percent interest in the 290-MW Agua Caliente Project. The electricity delivered by the Topaz Project and Agua Caliente Project is being and will be sold to PG&E and will help PG&E meet its obligations under a California state mandate to procure capacity and electricity from renewable resources.
PacifiCorp's Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Program represents a plan to build approximately 2,000 miles of new high-voltage transmission lines with an estimated cost exceeding $6 billion. The plan includes several transmission line segments that will: (a) address customer load growth; (b) improve system reliability; (c) reduce transmission system constraints; (d) provide access to diverse generation resources, including renewable resources; and (e) improve the flow of electricity throughout PacifiCorp's six-state service area.
•    
ETT has $1.3 billion of potential transmission investment in support of CREZ. CREZ is a transmission plan that advances the development of over 18,000 MW of new wind-powered generation in Texas.
•    PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy have offered customers a comprehensive set of DSM programs for more than 20 years. The programs assist customers to manage the timing of their usage, as well as to reduce overall energy consumption, resulting in lower utility bills.
•    MEHC holds a 10% interest in BYD, which continues to make advances in applying its proprietary battery technology to electric vehicles and has also developed electric storage stations, solar power stations and other technologies that can be applied to promote the use of renewable generation.

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ETT plans to construct $1.5 billion of transmission investment in support of CREZ. CREZ is a transmission plan that advances the development of over 18,000 MW of new wind-powered generation in Texas. Additionally, AEP subsidiaries have transferred to ETT the obligation to build approximately $1.7 billion of transmission projects within ERCOT. Through December 31, 2011, $1.1 billion has been spent, of which $617 million has been placed in service. ETT's transmission system included 445 miles of transmission lines and 19 substations as of December 31, 2011.
PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy have offered customers a comprehensive set of DSM programs for more than 20 years. The programs assist customers to manage the timing of their usage, as well as to reduce overall energy consumption, resulting in lower utility bills.
The Utilities have installed and upgraded emissions control equipment at certain of its coal-fueled generating facilities to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
MEHC holds a 10% interest in BYD Company Limited, which continues to make advances in applying its proprietary battery technology to electric vehicles and has also developed an energy storage system, solar power system, hybrid energy system and other green energy solutions.

The impact of pendingpotential federal, regional, state and international accords, legislation, regulation, or judicial proceedings related to climate change cannot be quantified in any meaningful range at this time. New requirements limiting GHG emissions could have a material adverse impact on the Company, the United States and the global economy. Companies and industries with higher GHG emissions, such as utilities with significant coal-firedcoal-fueled generating facilities, will be subject to more direct impacts and greater financial and regulatory risks. The impact is dependent on numerous factors, none of which can be meaningfully quantified at this time. These fact orsfactors include, but are not limited to, the magnitude and timing of GHG emissions reduction requirements; the design of the requirements; the cost, availability and effectiveness of emissions control technology; the price, distribution method and availability of offsets and allowances used for compliance; government-imposed compliance costs; and the existence and nature of incremental cost recovery mechanisms. Examples of how new requirements may impact the Company include:
•    Additional costs may be incurred to purchase required emissions allowan ces under any market-based cap-and-trade system in excess of allocations that are received at no cost. These purchases would be necessary until new technologies could be developed and deployed to reduce emissions or lower carbon generation is available;
•    Acquiring and renewing construction and operating permits for new and existing facilities may be costly and difficult;
•    Additional costs may be incurred to purchase and deploy new generating technologies;
•    Costs may be incurred to retire existing coal facilities before the end of their otherwise useful lives o r to convert them to burn fuels, such as natural gas or biomass, that result in lower emissions;
•    Operating costs may be higher and unit outputs may be lower;
•     ;
Additional costs may be incurred to purchase required emissions allowances under any market-based cap-and-trade system in excess of allocations that are received at no cost. These purchases would be necessary until new technologies could be developed and deployed to reduce emissions or lower carbon generation is available;
Acquiring and renewing construction and operating permits for new and existing generating facilities may be costly and difficult;
Additional costs may be incurred to purchase and deploy new generating technologies;
Costs may be incurred to retire existing coal-fueled generating facilities before the end of their otherwise useful lives or to convert them to burn fuels, such as natural gas or biomass, that result in lower emissions;
Operating costs may be higher and generating unit outputs may be lower;
Higher interest and financing costs and reduced access to capital markets may result to the extent that financial markets view climate change and GHG emissions as a financial risk; and
•    The Company's natural gas pipeline operations, electric transmission and retail sales may be impacted in response to changes in customer demand and requirements to reduce GHG emissions.
MEHC expects PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy, Northern Natural Gas and Kern River (the "Domestic Regulated Businesses") will be allowed to recover the prudently incurred costs to comply with climate change requirements.and GHG emissions as a business risk; and
The Company's natural gas pipeline operations, electric transmission and retail sales may be impacted in response to changes in customer demand and requirements to reduce GHG emissions.

The impact of events or conditions caused by climate change, whether from natural processes or human activities, could vary widely, from highly localized to worldwide, and the extent to which a utility's operations may be affected is uncertain. Climate change may cause physical and financial risk through, among other things, sea level rise, chang eschanges in precipitation and extreme weather events. Consumer demand for energy may increase or decrease, based on overall changes in weather and as customers promote lower energy consumption through the continued use of energy efficiency programs or other means. Availability of resources to generate electricity, such as water for hydroelectric production and cooling purposes, may also be impacted by climate change and could influence the Company's existing and future electricity generating portfolio. These issues may have a direct impact on the costs of electricity production and increase the price customers pay or their demand for electricity.

International Accords

Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted in 1992, members of the convention meet periodically to discuss international responses to climate change. To date, the United States has not made a binding reduction commitment as a result of these international discussions.


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Federal Legislation

In June 2009, the United States House of Representatives passed the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 ("Waxman-Markey bill"). In addition to a federal RPS, which would have required utilities to obtain a portion of their energy from certain qualifying renewable sources and energy efficiency measures, the bill required a reduction in GHG emissions beginning in 2012, with emissions reduction targets of 3% below 2005 levels by 2012; 17% below 2005 levels by 2020; 42% below 2005 levels by 2030; and 83% below 2005 levels by 2050 under a cap-and-trade program. Similar legislation wasLegislation introduced in the Senate, but it did not pass.

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112th Congress has been focused on repeal or delay of the EPA's ability to regulate GHG emissions. There is currently no federal legislation pending to regulate GHG emissions.
Greenhouse Gas
GHG Tailoring Rule

The EPA finalized the GHG "tailoring rule""Tailoring Rule" in May 2010 requiring new or modified sources of GHG emissions with increases of 75,000 or more tons per year of total GHG to determine the best available control technology for their GHG emissions beginning in January 2011. New or existing major sources will also be subject to Title V operating permit requirements for GHG. Beginning July 1, 2011 through June 30, 2013, new construction projects that emit GHG emissions of at least 100,000 tons pe rper year and modifications of existing facilities that increase GHG emissions by at least 75,000 tons per year will be subject to permitting requirements and facilities that were previously not subject to Title V permitting requirements will be required to obtain Title V permits if they emit at least 100,000 tons per year of carbon dioxide equivalents. Several legal challenges to the GHG Tailoring Rule have been filed to the EPA's final GHG tailoring rule in the D.C. Circuit. The EPA issued a GHG best available control technology guidance document in November 2010 in an effort to provide permitting authorities guidance on how to conduct a best available control technology review for GHG. Until

MidAmerican Energy has obtained and is in the process of obtaining permits to install emissions reduction equipment at existing generating facilities to comply with CSAPR and was required to assess the impacts of the projects on GHG emissions. A GHG emissions limit was imposed on the permits for those projects and management believes compliance with the GHG limits under these permits will not result in a material adverse impact on its operations. PacifiCorp's permitting of certain existing generating facilities to install emissions reduction equipment to comply with the Regional Haze Rules assessed the impacts of the projects on GHG emissions under the GHG Tailoring Rule. No GHG emissions limit was included in the permits. However, PacifiCorp's Lake Side 2 was subject to a best available control technology review and the permit includes a limit for carbon dioxide equivalent emissions. To date, permitting authorities beginimplementing the GHG Tailoring Rule have included efficiency improvements to implement the tailoring rule and determine what constitutesdemonstrate compliance with best available control technology for GHG, as well as requiring emissions limits for GHGs in permits; as such, the impacts of the tailoring ruleTailoring Rule on the Company have not been material.

GHG New Source Performance Standards

Under the Clean Air Act, the EPA may establish emissions standards that reflect the degree of emissions reductions achievable through the best technology that has been demonstrated, taking into consideration the cost of achieving those reductions and any non-air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. The EPA entered into a settlement agreement with a number of parties, including certain state governments and environmental groups, in December 2010 to promulgate emissions standards covering GHG by September 30, 2011, as amended, and issue final regulations by May 26, 2012. However, in mid-September, the EPA indicated it would not meet the September 30, 2011 deadline to promulgate the standards and it has not yet established a new schedule for issuing the proposed rules. It is unclear what standards the EPA will establish for new and modified sources or what the guidelines will be for existing sources. Until the standards are proposed and finalized, the impact on the Company cannot be fully determined.

Regional and State Activities

Several states have developedpromulgated or otherwise participate in state-specific laws or regional legislativelaws or initiatives to report or mitigate GHG emissions thatemissions. These are expected to impact PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy and other MEHC energy subsidiaries, including:and include:
•   &n bsp;The Western Climate Initiative, a comprehensive regional effort to reduce GHG emissions by 15% below 2005 levels by 2020 through a cap-and-trade program that includes the electricity sector. The Western Climate Initiative includes the states of California, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah and Washington and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec. The state and provincial partners have agreed to begin reporting GHG emissions in 2011 for emissions that occurred in 2010. The first phase of the cap-and-trade program is scheduled to begin on January 1, 2012.
•    
The Western Climate Initiative was established as a comprehensive regional effort to reduce GHG emissions by 15% below 2005 levels by 2020 through a cap-and-trade program that includes the electricity sector. The Western Climate Initiative initially included the states of California, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah and Washington and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec. However, only California, British Columbia and Quebec are moving forward under the initiative, with the other states focused on efforts to design, promote and implement cost-effective policies to reduce GHG emissions and create economic opportunities.
In October 2011, the California Air Resources Board adopted a GHG cap-and-trade program with an effective date of January 1, 2012; compliance obligations will be imposed on entities beginning in 2013. In addition, California law imposes a GHG emissions performance standard to all electricity generated within the state or delivered from outside the state that is no higher than the GHG emissions levels of a state-of-the-art combined-cycle natural gas-fueled generating facility, as well as legislation that adopts an economy-wide cap on GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020.
An executive order signed by California's governor in June 2005 would reduce GHG emissions in that state to 2000 levels by 2010, to 1990 levels by 2020 and 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. The California Air Resources Board proposed regulations to adopt a GHG cap-and-trade program in October 2010; however, those regulations have not yet been finalized. In addition, California has adopted legislation that imposes a GHG emissions performance standard to all electricity generated within the state or delivered from outside the state that is no higher than the GHG emissions levels of a state-of-the-art combined-cycle natural gas-fired generating facility, as well as legislation that adopts an economy-wide cap on GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020.
•    Over the past several years, the states of California, Washington and Oregon have adopted GHG emissions performance standards for base load electrical generating resources. Under the laws in all three states, the emissions performance standards provide that emissions must not exceed 1,100 lbs of carbon dioxide per MWh. These GHG emissions performance standards generally prohibit electric utilities from entering into long-term financial commitments (e.g., new ownership investments, upgrades, or new or renewed contracts with a term of 5 or more years) unless any base load generation supplied under long-te rm financial commitments comply with the GHG emissions performance standards.
•    The Washington and Oregon governors enacted legislation in May 2007 and August 2007, respectively, establishing goals for the reduction of GHG emissions in their respective states. Washington's goals seek to (a) reduce emissions to 1990 levels by 2020; (b) reduce emissions to 25% below 1990 levels by 2035; and (c) r educe emissions to 50% below 1990 levels by 2050, or 70% below Washington's forecasted emissions in 2050. Oregon's goals seek to (a) cease the growth of Oregon GHG emissions by 2010; (b) reduce GHG levels to 10% below 1990 levels by 2020; and (c) reduce GHG levels to at least 75% below 1990 levels by 2050. Each state's legislation also calls for state government to develop policy recommendations in the future to assist in the monitoring and achievement of these goals.
•    In Iowa, legislation enacted in 2007 req uired the Iowa Climate Change Advisory Council ("ICCAC"), a 23-member group appointed by the Iowa governor, to develop scenarios designed to reduce statewide GHG emissions, including one scenario that would reduce emissions by 50% by 2050, and submit its recommendations to the legislature. The ICCAC also developed a second scenario to reduce GHG emissions by 90% with reductions in both scenarios from 2005 emissions levels. In January 2009, the ICCAC presented to the Iowa governor and legislature several policy options to consider to achieve GHG emissions reductions, including enhanced energy efficiency programs and increased renewable generation. No legislation has yet been enacted that would require GHG emissions reductions.

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•    
Over the past several years, the states of California, Washington and Oregon have adopted GHG emissions performance standards for base load electrical generating resources. Under the laws in all three states, the emissions performance standards provide that emissions must not exceed 1,100 pounds of carbon dioxide per MWh. These GHG emissions performance standards generally prohibit electric utilities from entering into long-term financial commitments (e.g., new ownership investments, upgrades, or new or renewed contracts with a term of five or more years) unless any base load generation supplied under long-term financial commitments comply with the GHG emissions performance standards.
The Washington and Oregon governors enacted legislation in May 2007 and August 2007, respectively, establishing goals for the reduction of GHG emissions in their respective states. Washington's goals seek to (a) reduce emissions to 1990 levels by 2020; (b) reduce emissions to 25% below 1990 levels by 2035; and (c) reduce emissions to 50% below 1990 levels by 2050, or 70% below Washington's forecasted emissions in 2050. Oregon's goals seek to (a) cease the growth of Oregon GHG emissions by 2010; (b) reduce GHG levels to 10% below 1990 levels by 2020; and (c) reduce GHG levels to at least 75% below 1990 levels by 2050. Each state's legislation also calls for state government to develop policy recommendations in the future to assist in the monitoring and achievement of these goals.
In Iowa, legislation enacted in 2007 required the Iowa Climate Change Advisory Council ("ICCAC"), a 23-member group appointed by the Iowa governor, to develop scenarios designed to reduce statewide GHG emissions, including one scenario that would reduce emissions by 50% by 2050, and submit its recommendations to the legislature. The ICCAC also developed a second scenario to reduce GHG emissions by 90% with reductions in both scenarios from 2005 emissions levels. In January 2009, the ICCAC presented to the Iowa governor and legislature several policy options to consider to achieve GHG emissions reductions, including enhanced energy efficiency programs and increased renewable generation. No legislation has yet been enacted that would require GHG emissions reductions.
In November 2007, the Iowa governor signed the Midwest Greenhouse Gas Accord and the Energy Security and Climate Stewardship Platform for the Midwest. The signatories to the platform were other Midwestern states that agreed to implement a regional cap-and-trade system for GHG emissions. Current advisory group recommendations include the assessment of 2020 emissions reduction targets of 15%, 20% and 25% below 2005 levels and a 2050 target of 60% to 80% below 2005 levels. In addition, the accord calls for the participating states to collectively meet at least 2% of regional annual retail sales of electricity and natural gas through energy efficiency improvements by 2015 and continue to achieve an additional 2% in efficiency improvements every year thereafter.
•    The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, a mandatory, market-based effort to reduce GHG emissions in ten Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic states, requires, beginning in 2009, the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector of 10% by 2 018.
Greenhouse Gas Accord and the Energy Security and Climate Stewardship Platform for the Midwest. The signatories to the platform were other Midwestern states that agreed to implement a regional cap-and-trade system for GHG emissions. Advisory group recommendations included the assessment of 2020 emissions reduction targets of 15%, 20% and 25% below 2005 levels and a 2050 target of 60% to 80% below 2005 levels. In addition, the accord calls for the participating states to collectively meet at least 2% of regional annual retail sales of electricity and natural gas through energy efficiency improvements by 2015 and continue to achieve an additional 2% in efficiency improvements every year thereafter. There has been no further progress in implementing a Midwest regional cap-and-trade program.
The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, a mandatory, market-based effort to reduce GHG emissions in ten Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic states, requires, beginning in 2009, the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector of 10% by 2018. In May 2011, New Jersey withdrew from participation in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative and in June 2011, a lawsuit filed in New York alleged that the state of New York unlawfully joined the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative without legislative approval.

GHG Litigation

The Company closely monitors ongoing environmental litigation. Many of the pending cases described below relate to lawsuits against industry that attempt to link GHG emissions to public or private harm. The Company believes the cases are without merit, despite recent decisions where United States CourtCourts of Appeals reversed district court rulings dismissing the cases in 2009. The lower courts initially refrained from adjudicating the cases under the "political question" doctrine, because of their inherently political nature. Nevertheless, an adverse ruling in any of these cases would likely result in increased regulation of GHG emitters, including the Company's generating facilities, and financial uncertainty.

In September 2009, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ("Second Circuit") issued its opinion in the case of Connecticut v. American Electric Power, et al, which remanded to the lower court a nuisance action by eight states and the City of New York against five large utility emitters of carbon dioxide. The United States District Court for the Sou thernSouthern District of New York ("Southern District of New York") dismissed the case in 2005, holding that the claims that GHG emissions from the defendants' coal-fueled generating facilities were causing harmful climate change and should be enjoined as a public nuisance under federal common law presented a "political question" that the court lacked jurisdiction to decide. The Second Circuit rejected this conclusion and stated the Southern District of New York was not precluded from determining the case on its merits. In December 2010, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear the case on appeal from the Second Circuit.Circuit and issued its decision in June 2011 dismissing the federal common law claim of nuisance and holding that the Clean Air Act provides a means to seek limits on emissions of carbon dioxide on power plants.


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In October 2009, a three-judge panel in the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ("Fifth Circuit") issued its opinion in the cas ecase of Ned Comer, et al. v. Murphy Oil USA, et al., ("Comer I") a putative class action lawsuit against insurance, oil, coal and chemical companies, based on claims that the defendants' GHG emissions contributed to global warming that in turn caused a rise in sea levels and added to the ferocity of Hurricane Katrina, which combined to damage the plaintiff's private property, as well as public property. In 2007, the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi ("Southern District of Mississippi") dismissed the case based on the lack of standing and further held that the claims were barred by the political question doctrine. In March 2010, the full court of the Fifth Circuit agreed to rehear the case; however, in May 2010, the Fifth Circuit dismissed the appeal for failure to have a quorum, resulting in the Southern District of Mississippi's decision, holding that prope rtyproperty owners did not have standing to sue for climate change and that climate change was a political question for the United States Congress, standing as good law. The plaintiffs filed a petition asking the United States Supreme Court to direct the Fifth Circuit to reinstate the appeal and return it to the original panel. In January 2011, the United States Supreme Court denied the request, resulting in the original dismissal of the case to stand. However, on May 27, 2011, the Comer case was refiled ("Comer II") in the Southern District of Mississippi. The defendants in Comer II have filed a motion to dismiss, which is pending before the court. The Company was not a party in Comer I and is not a party in Comer II.

In October 2009, the United States District Court for the Northern District of California ("Northern District of California") granted the defendants' motions to dismiss in the case of Native Village of Kivalina v. ExxonMobil Corporation, et al. The plaintiffs filed their complaint in February 2008, asserting claims against 24 defendants, including electric generating companies, oil companies and a coal company, for public nuisance under state and federal common law based on the defendants' GHG emissions. MEHC was a named defendant in the Kivalina case. The Northern District of California dismissed all of the plaintiffs' federal claims, holding that the court lacked subject matter jurisdiction to hear the claims under the political question doctrine, and that the plaintiffs lacked standing to bring their claims. The Northern District of California declined to hear the state law claims and the case was dismissed without prejudice to their future presentation in an appropriate state court. In November 2009, the plaintiff's appealed the case to the Ninth CircuitUnited States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ("Ninth Circuit") where briefing has been completed, but the case has not yet been scheduled for oral argument. OnIn February 2 3, 2011, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals stayed the case, postponingpending the oral argument until at least June 15, 2011, to allowissuance of the United States Supreme Court to issue an opinionCourt's decision in Connecticut v. American Electric Power, et al.The oral arguments in Kivalina were held before the Ninth Circuit in November 2011 and the parties await the court's decision.

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Renewable Portfolio Standards

The RPS described below could significantly impact the Company's consolidated financial results. Resources that meet the qualifying electricity requirements under the RPS vary from state to state. Each state's RPS requires some form of compliance reporting, and the Company can be subject to penalties in the event of noncompliance.

In November 2006, Washington voters approved a ballot initiative establishing a RPS requirement for qualifying electric utilities, including PacifiCorp. The requirements are 3% of retail sales by January 1, 2012 through 2015, 9% of retail sales by January 1, 201 62016 through 2019 and 15% of retail sales by January 1, 2020. The WUTC has adopted final rules to implement the initiative.

In June 2007, the Oregon Renewable Energy Act ("OREA") was adopted, providing a comprehensive renewable energy policy and RPS for Oregon. Subject to certain exemptions and cost limitations established in the OREA, PacifiCorp and other qualifying electric utilities must meet minimum qualifying electricity requirements for electricity sold to retail customers of at least 5% in 2011 through 2014, 15% in 2015 through 2019, 20% in 2020 through 2024, and 25% in 2025 and subsequent years. As required by the OREA, the OPUC has approved an automatic adjustment clause to allow an electric utility, including PacifiCorp, to recover prudently incurred costs of its investments in renewable energy generating facilities and associated transmission costs.

In April 2011, the California governor signed into law Senate Bill 2 of the First Extraordinary Session that expanded the RPS requires electric utilities to increase their procurementrequire all California retail sellers to procure an average of eligible20% of retail load from renewable resources by at least 1% of their annual retail electricity sales per year so that 20% of their annual electricity sales are procured from eligible renewable resources by no later than December 31, 2010.2013, 25% by December 31, 2016 and 33% by December 31, 2020 and each year thereafter. In December 2011, the CPUC adopted a decision confirming that multi-jurisdictional utilities, such as PacifiCorp, expects that it will meet this compliance target for which the underlying data isare not subject to verificationthe percentage limits within the three categories of RPS-eligible resources established by the legislation that have been imposed on other California Energy Commission and review by the CPUC.
In September 2010, the California Air Resources Board unanimously adopted a Renewable Electricity Standard ("RES") pursuant to Executive Order S-21-09 issued in September 2009 under California's Global Warming Solutions Act to expand existing RPS targets to 33% by 2020 for most retail sellers of electricity in California, including PacifiCorp. Additional changes to the RES are anticipated, in part due to potential impacts of Senate Bill 23 that was introducedsellers. The CPUC is in the California Legislature in December 2010. PacifiCorp cannot predictprocess of an extensive rulemaking to implement the final outcome ofnew requirements under the California legislation or how the RES or Senate Bill 23 may interact with the requirements of the California RPS.legislation.

In March 2008, Utah's governor signed Utah Se nateSenate Bill 202. Among other things, this law provides that, beginning in the year 2025, 20% of adjusted retail electric sales of all Utah utilities be supplied by renewable energy, if it is cost effective. Retail electric sales will be adjusted by deducting the amount of generation from sources that produce zero or reduced carbon emissions, and for sales avoided as a result of energy efficiency and DSM programs. Qualifying renewable energy sources can be located anywhere in the WECC areas, and renewable energy credits can be used.


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Water Quality Standards

The federal Water Pollution Control Act ("Clean Water Act") establishes the framework for maintaining and improving water quality in the United States through a program that regulates, among other things, discharges to and withdrawals from waterways. The Clean Water Act requires that cooling water intake structures reflect the "best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impact" to aquatic organisms. In July 2004, the EPA established significant new technology-based performance standards for existing electric generating facilities that take in more than 50 million gallons of water per day. These rules arewere aimed at minimizing the adverse environmental impacts of cooling water intake structures by reducing the number of aquatic organisms lost as a result of water withdrawals. In response to a legal challenge to the rule, in January 2007, the Second Circuit remanded almost all aspects of the rule to the EPA, without addressing whether c ompaniescompanies with cooling water intake structures were required to comply with these requirements. On appeal from the Second Circuit, in April 2009, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the EPA permissibly relied on a cost-benefit analysis in setting the national performance standards regarding "best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impact" at cooling water intake structures and in providing for cost-benefit variances from those standards as part of the §316(b) Clean Water Act Phase II regulations. The United States Supreme Court remanded the case back to the Second Circuit to conduct further proceedings consistent with its opinion. Compliance

In March 2011, the EPA released a proposed rule under §316(b) of the Clean Water Act to regulate cooling water intakes at existing facilities. The proposed rule establishes requirements for all power generating facilities that withdraw more than two million gallons per day, based on total design intake capacity, of water from waters of the United States and use at least 25% of the potential costs of compliance, therefore, cannot be ascertained until such time as the Second Circuit takes action or further action is taken by the EPA. Currently,withdrawn water exclusively for cooling purposes. PacifiCorp's Dave Johnston Plantgenerating facility and all of MidAmerican Energy's coal-firedcoal-fueled generating facilities, except Louisa, Ottumwa and Walter Scott, Jr. Unit 4, whic hwhich have water cooling towers, exceedwithdraw more than two million gallons per day of water from waters of the 50United States. PacifiCorp's Jim Bridger, Naughton, Gadsby, Hunter, Carbon and Huntington generating facilities currently utilize closed cycle cooling towers but withdraw more than two million gallons of water per dayday. The proposed rule includes impingement (i.e., when fish and other organisms are trapped against screens when water is drawn into a facility's cooling system) mortality standards to be met through average impingement mortality or intake threshold.velocity design criteria and entrainment (i.e., when organisms are drawn into the facility) standards to be determined on a case-by-case basis. The standards are required to be met as soon as possible after the effective date of the final rule, but no later than eight years thereafter. The rule is required to be finalized by the EPA by July 2012. Assuming the final rule is issued by July 2012, PacifiCorp's and MidAmerican Energy's generating facilities impacted by the final rule will be required to complete impingement and entrainment studies in 2013. The costs of compliance with the cooling water intake structure rule cannot be determined until the rule is final and the prescribed studies are conducted. In the event that PacifiCorp's or MidAmerican Energy's existing intake structures require modification, or alternative technology required by new rules, expendituresthe costs are not anticipated to comply with these requirements could be significant. The Company believes that it currently has, or has initiated the process to receive, all required water quality permits.

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Coal Combustion Byproduct Disposal

In December 2008, an ash impoundment dike at the Tennessee Valley Authority's Kingston power plant collapsed after heavy rain, releasing a significant amount of fly ash and bottom ash, coal combustion byproducts, and water to the surrounding area. In light of this incident, federal and state officials have called for greater regulation of the storage and disposal of coal combustion byproducts. In May 2010, the EPA released a proposed rule to regulate the management and disposal of coal combustion byproducts, presenting two alternatives to regulation under the Resource Conservation and Recov ery Act ("RCRA").RCRA. Under the first option, coal combustion byproducts would be regulated as special waste under RCRA Subtitle C and the EPA would establish requirements for coal combustion byproducts from the point of generation to disposition, including the closure of disposal units. Alternatively, the EPA is considering regulation under RCRA Subtitle D under which it would establish minimum nationwide standards for the disposal of coal combustion byproducts. Under both options, surface impoundments utilized for coal combustion byproducts would have to be cleaned and closed unless they could meet more stringent regulatory requirements; in addition, more stringent requirements would be implemented for new ash landfills and expansions of existing ash landfills. PacifiCorp operates 16 surface impoundments and six landfills that contain coal combustion byproducts. MidAmerican Energy operates eight surface impoundments and four landfills that contain coal combustion byproducts. These ash impou ndmentsimpoundments and landfills may be impacted by the newly proposed regulation, particularly if the materials are regulated as hazardous or special waste under RCRA Subtitle C, and could pose significant additional costs associated with ash management and disposal activities at the Company's coal-firedcoal-fueled generating facilities. The public comment period closed in November 2010; however,2010. The EPA has not indicated when the substancerule will be finalized, and timingthe substance of the final rule is not known. The United States House of Representatives passed H.R. 2273 in October 2011, which would regulate coal combustion byproducts under RCRA Subtitle D. A Senate bill similar to the House bill has been introduced, but action has not been taken on the bill. The impact of the proposed regulations on coal combustion byproducts cannot be determined at this time.time; however, both PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy have begun developing surface impoundment and landfill compliance plan options to ensure that physical infrastructure decisions are aligned with the potential outcomes of the rulemaking.


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Other

Other laws, regulations and agencies to which the Company is subject to include, but are not limited to:
•    The federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act and similar state laws may require any current or former owners or operators of a disposal site, as well as transporters or generators of hazardous substances sent to such disposal site, to share in environmental remediation costs.
•    The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, under which the United States Department of Energy is responsible for the selection and development of repositories for, and the permanent disposal of, spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive wastes. Refer to Note 13 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding nuclear decommissioning obligations.
•    The federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 and similar state statutes establish operational, reclamation and closure standards that must be met during and upon completion of mining activities.
•    The FERC oversees the relicensing of existing hydroelectric systems and is also responsible for the oversight and issuance of licenses for new construction of hydroelectric systems, dam safety inspections and environmental monitoring. Refer to Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the relicensing of certain of PacifiCorp's existing hydroelectric facilities.
The federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act and similar state laws may require any current or former owners or operators of a disposal site, as well as transporters or generators of hazardous substances sent to such disposal site, to share in environmental remediation costs.
The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, under which the United States Department of Energy is responsible for the selection and development of repositories for, and the permanent disposal of, spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive wastes. Refer to Note 13 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding nuclear decommissioning obligations.
The federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 and similar state statutes establish operational, reclamation and closure standards that must be met during and upon completion of mining activities.
The FERC oversees the relicensing of existing hydroelectric systems and is also responsible for the oversight and issuance of licenses for new construction of hydroelectric systems, dam safety inspections and environmental monitoring. Refer to Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the relicensing of certain of PacifiCorp's existing hydroelectric facilities.

MEHC expects its Domestic Regulated Businesses will be allowed to recover the prudently incurred costs to comply with the environmental laws and regulations discussed above. The Company's planning efforts take into consideration the complexity of balancing factors such as: (a) pending environmental regulations and requirements to reduce emissions, address waste disposal, ensure water quality, and protect wildlife; (b) avoidance of excessive reliance on any one generation technology; (c) costs and trade-offs of various resource options including energy efficiency, demand response programs, and renewable generation; (d) state-specific energy policies, resource preferences, and economic development efforts; (e) additional transmission investment to reduce power costs and increase efficiency and reliability of the integrated transmission system; and (f) keeping rates as affordable as possible. Due to the number of generating units impacted by environmental regulations, deferring installation of compliance-related projects is often not feasible or cost effective and places the Company at risk of not having access to necessary capital, material, and labor while attempting to perform major equipment installations in a compressed timeframe concurrent with other utilities across the country. Therefore, the Company has established installation schedules with permitting agencies that coordinate compliance timeframes with construction and tie-in of major environmental compliance projects as units are scheduled off-line for planned maintenance outages; these coordinated efforts help reduce costs associated with replacement power and maintain system reliability.

Collateral and Contingent Features

Debt and preferred securities of MEHC and certain of its subsidiaries are rated by credit rating agencies. Assigned credit ratings are based on each rating agency's assessment of the rated company's ability to, in general, meet the obligations of its issued debt or preferred securities. The credit ratings are not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities, and there is no assurance that a particular credit rating will continue for any given period of time.

MEHC and its subsidiaries have no credit rating downgrade triggers that would accelerate the maturity dates of outstanding debt, and a change in ratings is not an event of default under the applicable debt instruments.instruments, except for those discussed in Note 23 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K related to the Topaz financing. The Company's unsecured revolving credit facilities do not require the maintenance of a minimum credit rating level in order to draw upon their availability, but, under certain instances, must maintain sufficient covenant tests if ratings drop below a certain level. However, commitment fees and interest rates under the credit facilities are tied to credit ratings and increase or decrease when the ratings change. A ratings downgrade could also increase the future cost of commercial paper, short- and long-term debt issuances or new credit facilities.


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In accordance with industry practice, certain wholesale agreements, including derivative contracts, contain provisions that require certain of MEHC's subsidiaries, principally the Utilities, to maintain specific credit ratings on their unsecured debt from one or more of the three recognized credit rating agencies. These agreements including derivative contracts, may either specifically provide bilateral rights to demand cash or other security if credit exposures on a net basis exceed specified rating-dependent threshold levels ("credit-risk-related contingent features") or provide the right for counterparties to demand "adequate assurance" in the event of a material adverse change in the subsidiary's creditworthiness. These rights can vary by contract and by counterparty. As of December 31, 2010,2011, these subsidiary's credit ratings from the three recognized credit rating agencies were investment grade. If all credit-risk-related contingent features or adequate assurance provisions for these agreements including derivative contracts, had been triggered as of December 31, 2010,2011, the Company would have been required to post $575569 million of additional collateral. The Company's collateral requirements could fluctuate considerably due to market price volatility, changes in credit ratings, changes in legislation or regulation, or other factors. Refer to Note 7 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for a discussion of the Company's collateral requirements specific to the Company's derivative contracts.

In July 2010, , the President signed into law the Dodd-Frank Reform Act. The Dodd-Frank Reform Act reshapes financial regulation in the United States by creating new regulators, regulating new markets and firms, and providing new enforcement powers to regulators. Virtually all major areas of the Dodd-Frank Reform Act, including collateral requirements on derivative contracts, will beare the subject of regulatory interpretation and implementation rules requiring rulemaking proceedings, some of which have been completed and others that may take several yearsare expected to complete.be finalized in 2012.

The Company is a party to derivative contracts, including over-the-counter derivative contracts. The Dodd-Frank Reform Act provides for extensive new regulation of over-the-counter derivative contracts and certain market participants, including imposition of mand atorymandatory clearing, exchange trading, capital and margin requirements for "swap dealers" and "major swap participants." The Dodd-Frank Reform Act provides certain exemptions from these regulations for commercial end-users that use derivatives to hedge and manage the commercial risk of their businesses. Although the Company generally does not enter into over-the-counter derivative contracts for purposes unrelated to hedging of commercial risk and does not believe it will be considered a swap dealer or major swap participant, the outcome of the rulemaking proceedings cannot be predicted and, therefore, the impact of the Dodd-Frank Reform Act on the Company's consolidated financial results cannot be determined at this time.

Infl ationInflation

Historically, overall inflation and changing prices in the economies where MEHC's subsidiaries operate have not had a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial results. In the United States, MEHC's regulated subsidiaries operate under cost-of-service based rate structures administered by various state commissions and the FERC. Under these rate structures, MEHC's regulated subsidiaries are allowed to include prudent costs in their rates, including the impact of inflation. The price control formula used by the United Kingdom distribution companiesDistribution Companies incorporates the rate of inflation in determining their rates.rates charged to customers. MEHC's subsidiaries attempt to minimize the potential impact of inflation on their operations by employing prudent risk management and hedg inghedging strategies and by considering, among other areas, its impact on purchases of energy, operating expenses, materials and equipment costs, contract negotiations, future capital spending programs and long-term debt issuances. There can be no assurance that such actions will be successful.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has certain investments that are accounted for under the equity method in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). Accordingly, an amount is recorded on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as an equity investment and is increased or decreased for the Company's pro-rata share of earnings or losses, respectively, less any dividends from such investments.

As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Company's investments that are accounted for under the equity method had short- and long-term debt of $775 million,$1.045 billion, unused revolving credit facilities of $159$147 million and letters of credit outstanding of $67$57 million. As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Company's pro-rata share of such short- and long-term debt was $388$508 million, unused revolving credit facilities was $80$73 million and outstanding letters of credit was $33$29 million. The entire amoun tamount of the Company's pro-rata share of the outstanding short- and long-term debt and unused revolving credit facilities is non-recourse to the Company. $29$25 million of the Company's pro-rata share of the outstanding letters of credit is recourse to the Company. Although the Company is generally not required to support debt service obligations of its equity investees, default with respect to this non-recourse short- and long-term debt could result in a loss of invested equity.


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New Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements affecting the Company, refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Certain accounting measurements require management to make estimates and judgments concerning transactions that will be settled several years in the future. Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Financial Statements based on such estimates involve numerous assumptions subject to varying and potentially significant degrees of judgment and uncertainty. Accordingly, the amounts currently reflected on the Consolidated Financial Statementsuncertainty and will likely change in the future as additional information becomes available. The following critical accounting estimates are impacted significantly by the Company's methods, judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company's Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Accounting for the Effects of Certain Types of Regulation

The Domestic Regulated Businesses prepare their financial statements in accordance withauthoritative guidance for regulated operations, which recognizes the economic effects of regulation. Accordingly, the Domestic Regulated Businesses are required to defer the recognition of certain costs or income if it is probable that, through the ratemaking process, there will be a corresponding increase or decrease in future regulated rates.

The Company continually evaluates the applicability of the guidance for regulated operations and whether its regulatory assets and liabilities are probable of inclusion in future regulated rates by considering factors such as a change in the regulator's approach to setting rates from cost-based ratemaking to another form of regulation, other regulatory actions or the impact of competition which could limit the Domestic Regulated Businesses' ability to recover their costs. Based upon this continuous evaluation, the Company believes the application of the guidance for regulated operations is appropriate and its existing regulatory assets and liabilities are probable of in clusioninclusion in future regulated rates. The evaluation reflects the current political and regulatory climate at both the federal and state levels and is subject to change in the future. If it becomes no longer probable that the deferred costs or income will be included in future regulated rates, the related regulatory assets and liabilities will be written off to net income, returned to customers or re-established as accumulated other comprehensive income.income (loss) ("AOCI"). Total regulatory assets were $2.4972.918 billion and total regulatory liabilities were $1.6641.731 billion as of December 31, 2010.2011. Refer to Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Domestic Regulated Businesses' regulatory assets and liabilities.

Derivatives

The Company is exposed to the impact of market fluctuations in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. The Company is principally exposed to electricity, and natural gas, coal and fuel oil commodity price risk primarily through MEHC's ownership of the Utilities as they have an obligation to serve retail customer load in their regulated service territories. MidAmerican Energy also provides nonregulated retail electricity and nat uralnatural gas services in competitive markets. The Utilities' load and generating facilities represent substantial underlying commodity positions. Exposures to commodity prices consist mainly of variations in the price of fuel required to generate electricity, wholesale electricity that is purchased and sold, and natural gas supply for regulated and nonregulated retail customers. Commodity prices are subject to wide price swings as supply and demand are impacted by, among many other unpredictable items, weather;weather, market liquidity;liquidity, generating facility availability;availability, customer usage; storage;usage, storage, and transmission and transportation constraints.Interest rate risk exists on variable-rate debt commercial paper and future debt issuances. Additionally, the Company is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk from its business operations and investments in Great Britain. Each of the Company's business platforms has established a risk management process that is designed to identify, assess, monitor, report, manage and miti gatemitigate each of the various types of risk involved in its business. The Company employs a number of different derivative contracts, includingwhich may include forwards, futures, options, swaps and other agreements, to manage price risk for electricity, natural gas and other commodities; interest rate risk; and foreign currency exchange rate risk. The Company does not hedge all of its commodity price, interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate risks, thereby exposing the unhedged portion to changes in market prices. Refer to Notes 6 and 7 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company's derivative contracts.


7372



Measurement Principles

Derivative contracts are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either assets or liabilities and are stated at fair value unless they are designated as normal purchases or normal sales and qualify for the exception afforded by GAAP. When available, the fair value of derivative contracts is estimated using unadjusted quoted prices for identical contracts in the market in which the Company transacts. When quoted prices for identical contracts are not ava ilable,available, the Company uses forward price curves. Forward price curves represent the Company's estimates of the prices at which a buyer or seller could contract today for delivery or settlement at future dates. The Company bases its forward price curves upon market price quotations, when available, or internally developed and commercial models, with internal and external fundamental data inputs. Market price quotations are obtained from independent energy brokers, exchanges, direct communication with market participants and actual transactions executed by the Company. Market price quotations for certain major electricity and natural gas trading hubs are generally readily obtainable for the applicable term of the Company's outstanding derivative contracts; therefore, the Company's forward price curves for those locations and periods reflect observable market quotes. As of December 31, 2011, the Company had a net derivative liability of $468 million related to contracts valued using either quoted prices or forward price curves based upon observable market quotes. Market price quotations for other electricity and natural gas trading hubs are not as readily obtainable due to the length of the contracts.contract. Given t hatthat limited market data exists for these contracts, as well as for those contracts that are not actively traded, the Company uses forward price curves derived from internal models based on perceived pricing relationships to major trading hubs that are based on significant unobservable inputs. The estimated fair value of these derivative contracts is a function of underlying forward commodity prices, interest rates, currency rates, related volatility, counterparty creditworthiness and duration of contracts. The assumptions used in these models are critical, since any changes in assumptions could have a significant impact on the estimated fair value of the contracts. As of December 31, 2011, the Company had a net derivative asset of $23 million related to contracts where the Company uses internal models with unobservable inputs.

Classification and Recognition Methodology

Almost all of the Company's derivative contracts are probable of inclusion in the rates of its rate-regulated subsidiaries or are accounted for as cash flow hedges. Therefore,and changes in the estimated fair value of derivative contracts are generally recorded as net regulatory assets or liabilities or accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI").liabilities. Accordingly, amounts are generally not recognized in earnings until the contracts are settled and the forecasted transaction has occurred. As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Company had $564400 million recorded as net regulatory assets and $37 million recorded as AOCI, before tax, related to derivative contracts on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. If it becomes no longer probable that a derivative contract will be included in regulated rates, the regulatory asset or liability will be written off and recognized in earnings. For the Company's derivative contracts designated as hedging contracts, the Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when it has determined that a derivative contract no longer qualifies as an effective hedge, or when it is no longer probable that the hedged forecasted transaction will occur. When hedge accounting is discontinued because the derivative contract no longer qualifies as an effective hedge, future changes in the estimated fair value of the derivative contract are charged to earnings. Gains and losses related to discontinued hedges that were previously recorded in AOCI will remain in AOCI until the contract settl es and the hedged item is recognized in earnings, unless it becomes probable that the hedged forecasted transaction will not occur at which time associated deferred amounts in AOCI will be immediately recognized in earnings.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill

The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment, including property, plant and equipment, when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable or the assets are being held for sa le.sale. Upon the occurrence of a triggering event, the asset is reviewed to assess whether the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected from the use of the asset plus the residual value from the ultimate disposal exceeds the carrying value of the asset. If the carrying value exceeds the estimated recoverable amounts, the asset is written down to the estimated discounted presentfair value. The impacts of regulation are considered when evaluating the carrying value of the expected future cash flows from use of the asset. For regulated assets, any impairment charge is offset by the establishment of a regulatory asset to the extent recovery in regulated rates is probable.assets. Substantially all property, plant and equipment was used in regulated businesses as of December 31, 2010. 2011. For all other assets, any resulting impairment loss is reflected on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The estimate of cash flows arising from the future use of the asset that are used in the impairment analysis requires judgment regarding what the Company would expect to recover from the future use of the asset. Changes in judgment that could significantly alter the calculation of the fair value or the recoverable amount of the asset may result from significant changes in the regulatory environment, the business climate, management's plans, legal factors, market price of the asset, the use of the asset or the physical condition of the asset, future market prices, load growth, competition and many other factors over the life of the asset. Any resulting impairment loss is highly dependent on the underlying assumptions and could significantly affect the Company's results of operations.


7473



The Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 20102011 includes goodwill of acquired businesses of $5.0254.996 billion. The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment at least annually and completed its annual review as of October 31. Additionally, no indicators of impairment were identified as of December 31, 2010. 2011. A significant amount of judgment is required in estimating the fair value of athe reporting unit and performing goodwill impairment tests. T heThe Company uses a variety of methods to estimate a reporting unit's fair value, principally discounted projected future net cash flows. Key assumptions used include, but are not limited to, the use of estimated future cash flows; earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") multiples;multiples of earnings; and an appropriate discount rate. Estimated future cash flows are impacted by, among other factors, growth rates, changes in regulations and rates, ability to renew contracts and estimates of future commodity prices. In estimating future cash flows, the Company incorporates current market information, as well as historical factors. Refer to Note 22 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company's goodwill.

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

The Company sponsors defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans that cover the majority of its employees. The Company recognizes the funded status of its defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Funded status is the fair value of plan assets minus the benefit obligation as of the measurement date. As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Company recognized a net liability totaling $655794 million for the under-fundedfunded status of the Company's defined benefit pension and other postretir ementpostretirement benefit plans. As of December 31, 2010,2011, amounts not yet recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost that were included in net regulatory assets and AOCI totaled $589822 million and $633673 million, respectively.

The expense and benefit obligations relating to these defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans are based on actuarial valuations. Inherent in these valuations are key assumptions, including discount rates, expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and healthcare cost trend rates. These actuarialkey assumptions are reviewed annually and modified as appropriate. The Company believes that the assumptions utilized in recording obligations under the plans are reasonable based on prior plan experience and current market and economic conditions. Refer to Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for disclosures about the Company's defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans, including the key assumptions used to calculate the funded status and net periodic benefit cost for these plans as of and for the year ended December 31, 2010.2011.

The Company chooses a discount rate based upon high quality fixed-incomedebt security investment yields in effect as of the measurement date that corresponds to the expected benefit period. The pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities as well as expenses, increase as the discount rate is reduced.

In establishing its assumption as to the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, the Company utilizes the expected asset allocation and return assumptions for each asset class based on historical performance and forward-looking views of the financial markets. Pension and other postretirement benefits expense increases as the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets decreases. The Company regularly reviews its actual asset allocations and rebalances its investments to its targeted allocations when considered appropriate.

The Company chooses a healthcare cost trend rate that reflects the near and long-term expectations of increases in medical costs and corresponds to the expected benefit payment periods. The healthcare cost trend rate gradually declines to 5% in 2016 at which point the rate is assumed to remain constant. Refer to Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for healthcare cost trend rate sensitivity disclosures.


7574



The actuarialkey assumptions used may differ materially from period to period due to changing market and economic conditions. These differences may result in a significant impact to pension and other postretirement benefits expense and the funded status. If changes were to occur for the following key assumptions, the approximate effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements would be as follows (in millions):
Domestic Plans  
    Other Postretirement United KingdomDomestic Plans  
Pension Plans Benefit Plans Pension Plan    Other Postretirement United Kingdom
+0.5% -0.5% +0.5% -0.5% +0.5% -0.5%Pension Plans Benefit Plans Pension Plan
           +0.5% -0.5% +0.5% -0.5% +0.5% -0.5%
Effect on December 31, 2010           
           
Effect on December 31, 2011           
Benefit Obligations:                      
Discount rate$(94) $102  $(41)
 
$46  $(125) $140 $(103) $114
 $(41) $45
 $(137) $157
                      
Effect on 2010 Periodic Cost:           
Effect on 2011 Periodic Cost:           
Discount rate$(6) $5  $(2) 
$
2  $(11) $11 $(4) $4
 $(2) $3
 $(13) $13
Expected rate of return on plan assets(8) 8  (3) 3  (8) 8 (8) 8
 (3) 3
 (8) 8

A variety of factors affect the funded status of the plans, including asset returns, discount rates, plan changes and the planCompany's funding practices of the Company. Federalpolicy for each plan. Additionally, federal laws may require the Company to increase future contributions to its domestic pension plans, and therewhich may becreate more volatility in annual contributions than historically experienced whichand could have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial results.

Income Taxes

In determining the Company's income taxes, management is required to interpret complex income tax laws and regulations, which includes consideration of regulatory implications imposed by the Company's various regulatory jurisdictions. The Company's income tax returns are subject to continuous examinations by federal, state, local and foreign income tax authorities that may give rise to different interpretations of these complex laws and regulations. Due to the nature of the examination process, it generally takes years before these examinations are completed and these matters are resolved. Assets and liabilities are established forThe Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax positions taken or positions expected toposition only if it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be taken in income tax returns when such positions are judged to not meetsustained on examination by the "more-likely-than-not" thresholdtaxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefitbenefits recognized in the Consolida tedConsolidated Financial Statements from each taxsuch a position isare measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Although the ultimate resolution of the Company's federal, state, local and foreign income tax examinations is uncertain, the Company believes it has made adequate provisions for these income tax positions. The aggregate amount of any additional income tax liabilities that may result from these examinations, if any, is not expected to have a material adverse impact on the Company's consolidated financial results. Refer to Note 15 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company's income taxes.

The Utilities are required to pass income t axtax benefits related to certain property-related basis differences and other various differences on to their customers in certain state jurisdictions. These amounts were recognized as a net regulatory asset totaling $917 million1.003 billion as of December 31, 20102011 and will be included in regulated rates when the temporary differences reverse. Management believes the existing net regulatory assets are probable of inclusion in regulated rates. If it becomes no longer probable that these costs will be included in regulated rates, the related regulatory asset will be charged to net income.

The Company has not provided United St ates federalestablished deferred income taxes on itsthe undistributed foreign earnings of Northern Powergrid Holdings or the related currency translation adjustment or the cumulative earnings of international subsidiaries that have been determined by management to be reinvested indefinitely. The cumulative earnings related to ongoing operations determined to be reinvested indefinitely were approximately$1.5782.0 billion as of December 31, 2010.2011. The Company periodically evaluates its capital requirements. If circumstances change in the future and a portion of Northern Powergrid Holdings' undistributed earnings were repatriated, the dividends would be subject to taxation in the United States. However, any United States income tax liability would be offset, in part, by available United States income tax credits with respect to corporate income taxes previously paid principally in the United Kingdom. Because of the availability of United States foreign income tax credits, it is not practicable to determine the United States federal income tax liability that would be payablerecognized if such cumulative earnings were not reinvested indefinitely. Deferred taxes are provided for earnings of international subsidiaries when the Company plans to remit those earnings. The Company periodically evaluates its cash requirements in the United States and abroad and evaluates its short- and long-term operational and fiscal objectives in determin ing whether the earnings of itshas established deferred income taxes on all other undistributed foreign subsidiaries are indefinitely invested outside the United States or will be remitted to the United States within the foreseeable future.earnings.


7675



Revenue Recognition - Unbilled Revenue

Unbilled revenue was $452474 million as of December 31, 2010. 2011. Revenue from energy business customers is recognized as electricity or natural gas is delivered or services are provided. The determination of customer billings is based on a systematic reading of meters, fixed reservation charges based on contractual quantities and rates or, in the case of the United Kingdom distribution businesses, when information is received from the national settlement system. At the end of each month, amounts of energy provided to customers since the date of the last meter reading are estimated, and the corresponding unbilled revenue is recorded. Factors that can impact the estimate of unbilled energy include, but are not limited to, seasonal weather patterns, compared to normal, total volumes supplied to the system, line losses, economic impacts and composition of sales among customer classes. Estimates are reversed in the following month and actual revenue is recorded based on subsequent meter readings. Historically, any differences between the actual and estimated amounts have been immaterial.

Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets include assets and liabilities with fair values that are subject to market risks. The Company's significant market risks are primarily associated with commodity prices, interest rates, equity prices, foreign currency exchange rates and the extension of credit to counterparties with which the Company transacts. The following sections addressdiscussion addresses the significant market risks associated with the Company's business activities. Each of the Company's business platforms has established guidelines for credit risk management. Refer to Notes 2 and 7 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company's contracts accounted for as derivatives.

Commodity Price Risk

The Company is principally exposed to electricity, natural gas, coal and fuel oil commodity price risk primarily through MEHC's ownership of the Utilities as they have an obligation to serve retail customer load in their regulated service territories. MidAmerican Energy also provides nonregulated retail electricity and natural gas services in competitive markets. The Utilities' load and generating facilities represent substantial underlying commodity positions. Exposures to commodity prices consist mainly of variations in the price of fuel required to generate electricity, wholesale electricity that is purchased and sold, and natural gas supply for regulated and nonregulated retail customers. Co mmodityCommodity prices are subject to wide price swings as supply and demand are impacted by, among many other unpredictable items, weather;weather, market liquidity;liquidity, generating facility availability;availability, customer usage; storage;usage, storage, and transmission and transportation constraints.The Company does not engage in a material amount of proprietary trading activities.To mitigate a portion of its commodity price risk, the Company uses commodity derivative contracts, which may be accounted for as derivatives, includinginclude forwards, futures, options, swaps and other agreements, to effectively secure future supply or sell future production generally at fixed prices. The Company does not hedge all of its commodity price risk, thereby exposing the unhedged portion to changes in market prices. The Company's exposure to commodity price risk is generally limited by its ability to include the costs in regulated rates, which is subject to regulatory lag that occurs between the time the costs are incurred and when the costs are included in regulated rates.

The table that follows summarizes the Company's price risk on commodity contracts accounted for as derivatives, excluding collateral netting of $141156 million and $49141 million as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively, and shows the effects of a hypothetical 10% increase and 10% decrease in forward market prices bywith the contracted or expected volumes for these contracts as of that date.volumes. The selected hypothetical change does not reflect what could be considered the best or wor stworst case scenarios (dollars in millions):.
F air Value - Estimated Fair Value after
Net Asset Hypothetical Change in PriceFair Value - Estimated Fair Value after
Net Asset Hypothetical Change in Price
(Liability) 10% increase 10% decrease
As of December 31, 2011:     
Not designated as hedging contracts$(399) $(341) $(457)
Designated as hedging contracts(46) (7) (85)
Total commodity derivative contracts$(445) $(348) $(542)
(Liability) 10% increase 10% decrease     
As of December 31, 2010:          
Not designated as hedging contracts$
(565
) $(537) $(593)$(565) $(537) $(593)
Designated as hedging contracts(48) (9) (87)(48) (9) (87)
Total commodity derivative contracts$(613) $(546) $(680)$(613) $(546) $(680)
     
As of December 31, 2009:     
Not designated as hedging contracts$(352) $(359) $(345)
Designated as hedging contracts(86) (39) (133)
Total commodity derivative contracts$(438) $(398) $(478)


7776



The majority of the Company's commodity derivative contracts not designated as hedging contracts are recoverable from customers in regulated rates and, therefore, net unrealized gains and losses associated with interim price movements on commodity de rivativederivative contracts do not expose the Company to earnings volatility. As of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, a net regulatory asset of $564400 million and $353564 million, respectively, was recorded related to the net derivative liability of $565399 million and $352565 million, respectively. For the Company's commodity derivative contracts designated as hedging contracts, net unrealized gains and losses associated with interim price mov ementsmovements on commodity derivative contracts, to the extent the hedge is considered effective, generally do not expose the Company to earnings volatility. The settled cost of these commodity derivative contracts is generally included in regulated rates. Consolidated financial results would be negatively impacted if the costs of wholesale electricity, natural gas or fuel are higher than what is included in regulated rates, including the impacts of adjustment mechanisms.

Interest Rate Risk

The Company is e xposedexposed to interest rate risk on its outstanding variable-rate short- and long-term debt and future debt issuances. The Company manages its interest rate risk by limiting its exposure to variable interest rates primarily through the issuance of fixed-rate long-term debt and by monitoring market changes in interest rates. As a result of the fixed interest rates, the Company's fixed-rate long-term debt does not expose the Company to the risk of loss due to changes in market interest rates andrates. Additionally, because fixed-rate long-term debt is not carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, changes in fair value would impact earnings and cash flows only if the Company were to reacquire all or a portion of these instruments prior to their maturity. Additionally, theThe Company may from time to time enter into interest rate derivative contracts, such as interest rate swaps or locks, to mitigate the Company's exposure to interest rate risk. The nature and amount of the Company's short- and long-term debt can be expect edexpected to vary from period to period as a result of future business requirements, market conditions and other factors. Refer to Notes 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this Form 10-K for additional discussion of the Company's short- and long-term debt.

As of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, the Company had short- and long-term variable-rate obligations totaling $1.1701.715 billion and $1.0881.170 billion, respectively, that expose the Comp anyCompany to the risk of increased interest expense in the event of increases in short-term interest rates. The market risk related to the Company's variable-rate debt as of December 31, 20102011 is not hedged. If variable interest rates were to increase by 10% from December 31 levels, it would not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated annual interest expense. The carrying value of the variable-rate obligations approximates fair value as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009.2010.

Equity Price Risk

Market prices for equity securities are subject to fluctuation and consequently the amount realized in the subsequent sale of an investment may significantly differ from the reported market value. Fluctuation in the market price of a security may result from perceived changes in the underlying economic characteristics of the investee, the relative price of alternative investments and general market conditions.

As of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, the Company's investment in BYD Company Limited common stock represented approximately 84%68% and 89% 84%, respectively, of the total fair value of the Company's equity securities. The Company's remaining equity securities are primarily related to certain trust funds in which realized and unrealized gains and losses are recorded as net regulatory assets or liabilities since the Company expects to recover costs for these activities through regulated rates. The following table summarizes our investment in BYD Company Limited as of December 31, 20102011 and 20092010 and the effects of a hypothetical 30% increase and a 30% decrease in market price as of those dates. The selected hypothetical change does not reflect what could be considered the best or worst case scenarios (dollars in millions).
    Estimated 
Hypothetical
  Hypothetical Fair Value after Percentage Increase  Estimated Hypothetical
Fair Price Hypothetical (Decrease) in MEHC  Hypothetical Fair Value after Percentage Increase
Value Change
 
Change in Prices Shareholders' EquityFair Price Hypothetical (Decrease) in MEHC
      Value Change Change in Prices Shareholders' Equity
     
As of December 31, 2011$488
 30% increase $634
 1 %
  30% decrease 342
 (1)
     
As of December 31, 2010$1,182  30% increase $1,537  2 %$1,182
 30% increase $1,537
 2 %
 
 30% decrease 827  (2)  30% decrease 827
 (2)
      
As of December 31, 2009$1,986  30% increase $2,582  3 %
  30% decrease 1,390& nbsp; (3)


7877



Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

MEHC's business operations and investments outside of the United States increase its risk related to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates primarily in relation to the British pound. MEHC's reporting currency is the United States dollar, and the value of the assets and liabilities, earnings, cash flows and potential distributions from MEHC's foreign operations changes with the fluctuations of th ethe currency in which they transact.

CE Electric UK'sNorthern Powergrid Holdings' functional currency is the British pound. At December 31, 2010,2011, a 10% devaluation in the British pound to the United States dollar would result in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet being negatively impacted by a $233$270 million cumulative translation adjustment in AOCI. A 10% devaluation in the average currency exchange rate would have resulted in lower reported earnings for CE Electric UKNorthern Powergrid Holdings of $28$39 million in 2010.2011.

Credit Risk

Domestic Regulated Operations

The Utilities extend unsecured credit to other utilities, energy marketing companies, financial institutions and other market participants in conjunction with their wholesale energy supply and marketing activities. Credit risk relates to the risk of loss that might occur as a result of nonperformance by counterparties on their contractual obligations to make or take delivery of electricity, natural gas or other commodities and to make financial settlements of these obliga tions.obligations. Credit risk may be concentrated to the extent that one or more groups of counterparties have similar economic, industry or other characteristics that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in market or other conditions. In addition, credit risk includes not only the risk that a counterparty may default due to circumstances relating directly to it, but also the risk that a counterparty may default due to circumstances involving other market participants that have a direct or indirect relationship with the counterparty.

The Utilities analyze the financial condition of each significant wholesale counterparty before entering into any transactions, establish limits on the amount of unsecured credit to be exten dedextended to each counterparty and evaluate the appropriateness of unsecured credit limits on an ongoing basis. To mitigate exposure to the financial risks of wholesale counterparties, the Utilities enter into netting and collateral arrangements that may include margining and cross-product netting agreements and obtain third-party guarantees, letters of credit and cash deposits. Counterparties may be assessed interest fees for delayed payments. If required, the Utilities exercise rights under these arrangements, including calling on the counterparties'counterparty's credit support arrangement.

As of December 31, 2010,2011, PacifiCorp's aggregate direct credit exposure from wholesale activities totaled $573$338 million, based on settlement and mark-to-market exposures, net of collatera l.collateral. As of December 31, 2010, $4202011, $333 million, or 73%99%, of PacifiCorp's direct credit exposure was with counterparties having investment grade credit ratings by either Moody's Investor Service or Standard & Poor's Rating Services. As of December 31, 2010,2011, $5 million, or 1%, of such credit exposure was with counterparties having externally rated "non-investment grade" credit ratings, while $148 million, or 26%, was with counterparties having financial characteristics deemed equivalent to "non-investment grade" by PacifiCorp based on internal review.ratings. As of December 31, 2010,2011, four counterparties comprised $365$274 million, or 64%81%, of the aggregate credit exposure. ThreeAll four counterparties which comprise $267 million, are rated investment grade by Moody's Investor Service and Standard & Poor's Rating Services, and PacifiCorp is not aware of any factors that would likely result in a downgrade of the counterparties' credit ratings to below investment grade over the remaining term of t ransactionstransactions outstanding as of December 31, 2010. The other counterparty has a non-investment grade credit rating based on internal review as of December 31, 2010.2011.

During 2010,2011, approximately 84%89% of MidAmerican Energy's electric wholesale sales revenues resulted from participation in RTOs, including the MISO and the PJM. MidAmerican Energy has potential indirect credit exposure to other market participants in these RTO markets. In the event of a default by a RTO market participant on its market-related obligations, losses are allocated among all other market participants in proportion to each participant's share of overall market activity during the period of time the loss was incurred, diversifying MidAmerican Energy's exposure to credit losses from individu alindividual participants. Transactional activities of MidAmerican Energy and other participants in organized RTO markets are governed by credit policies specified in each respective RTO's governing tariff or related business practices. Credit policies of RTO's, which have been developed through extensive stakeholder participation, generally seek to minimize potential loss in the event of a market participant default without unnecessarily inhibiting access to the marketplace. MidAmerican Energy's share of historical losses from defaults by other RTO market participants has not been material. As of December 31, 2010,2011, MidAmerican Energy's aggregate direct credit exposure from electric wholesale marketing counterparties was not material.


7978



Northern Natural Gas' primary customers include regulated local distribution companiesutilities in the upper Midwest. Kern River's primary customers are major oil and natural gas companies or affiliates of such companies, electric generating companies, energy marketing and trading companies, financial institutions and natural gas distribution utilities which provide services in Utah, Nevada and California. As a general policy, collateral is not required for receivables from creditworthy customers. Customers' financial condition and creditworthiness, as defined by the tariff, are regularly evaluated and historical losses have been minimal. In order to provide protection against credit risk, and as permitted by the separate terms of each of Northern Natural Gas' and Kern River's tariffs, the companies have required customers that lack creditworthiness as defined by the tariffs, to provide cash deposits, letters of credit or other security until their creditworthiness improves.
CE Electric UK

Northern Electric and Yorkshire ElectricityPowergrid Holdings

The Distribution Companies charge fees for the use of their electrical infrastructure to supply companies and generators connected to their networks. The supply companies, which purchase electricity from generators and traders and sell the electricity to end-u seend-use customers, use Northern Electric's and Yorkshire Electricity'sthe Distribution Companies' distribution networks pursuant to the multilateral "Distribution Connection and Use of System Agreement." Northern Electric's and Yorkshire Electricity'sThe Distribution Companies' customers are concentrated in a small number of electricity supply businesses with RWE Npower PLC accounting for approximately 30%29% of distribution revenue in 2010.2011. Ofgem has determined a framework which sets credit limits for each supply business based on its credit rating or payment history and requires them to provide credit cover if their value at risk (measured as being equivalent to 45 days usage) exceeds the credit limit. Acceptable credit typically is provided in the form of a parent company guarantee, letter of credit or an escrow account. Ofgem has indicated that, provided Northern Electric and Yorkshire Electricitythe Distribution Companies have implemented credit control, billing and collection in line with best practice guidelines and can demonstrate compliance with the guidelines or are able to satis factorilysatisfactorily explain departure from the guidelines, any bad debt losses arising from supplier default will be recovered through an increase in future allowed income. Losses incurred to date have not been material.

CalEnergy Philippines

NIA's obligations under the Casecnan project agreement is CE Casecnan's sole source of operating revenue. Because of the dependence on a single customer, any material failure of the customer to fulfill its obligations under the project agreement and any material failure of the ROP to fulfill its obligation under the performance undertaking would significantly impair the ability to meet existing and future obligations. Total operating revenue for the Casecnan project was $105$130 million for the year ended December 31, 2010.2011. The Casecnan project agreement expires in December 2021.


8079



Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Item 8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data



8180



REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company
Des Moines, Iowa

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and subs idiariessubsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, and the related consolidated statements of operations, cash flows, changes in equity, and comprehensive income for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010.2011. Our audits also included the financial statement schedules listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(ii). These financial statements and financial statement schedules are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to ob tainobtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and subsidiaries as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010,2011, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.

/s/Deloitte & Touche LLP
/s/    Deloitte & Touche LLP

Des Moines, Iowa
February 28, 201127, 2012


8281



MIDAMERICAN ENERGY HOLDINGS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Amounts in millions)

As of December 31,As of December 31,
2010 20092011 2010
ASSETS
Current assets:      
Cash and cash equivalents$470  $429 $286
 $470
Trade receivables, net1,225  1,308 1,270
 1,225
Income taxes receivable396  88 456
 396
Inventories585  591 690
 585
Derivative contracts131  136 38
 131
Investments and restricted cash and investments44  83 51
 44
Other current assets437  458 492
 501
Total current assets3,288  3,093 3,283
 3,352
      
Property, plant and equipment, net31,899  30,936 34,167
 31,899
Goodwill5,025  5,078 4,996
 5,025
Investments and restricted cash and investments
1,881
  2,702 1,948
 2,469
Regu latory assets2,497  2,093
 
Regulatory assets2,835
 2,433
Derivative contracts13  52 9
 13
Other assets1,065  730 480
 477
      
Total assets$45,668  $44,684 $47,718
 $45,668

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

8382



MIDAMERICAN ENERGY HOLDINGS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (continued)
(Amounts in millions)

As of December 31,As of December 31,
2010 20092011 2010
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:      
Accounts payable$827  $918 $989
 $827
Accrued employee expenses155
 159
Accrued interest
341
  344 326
 341
Ac crued property, income and other taxes287  277 
Accrued property, income and other taxes340
 287
Derivative contracts158  123 160
 158
Short-term debt320  179 865
 320
Current portion of long-term debt1,286  379 1,198
 1,286
Other current liabilities583  683 514
 450
Total current liabilities3,802  2,903 4,547
 3,828
      
Regulatory liabilities1,664  1,603 1,663
 1,638
Derivative contracts458  458 176
 458
MEHC senior debt5,371  5,371 4,621
 5,371
MEHC subordinated debt172  402 
 172
Subsidiary debt12,662  13,600 13,253
 12,662
Deferred income taxes6,298  5,604 7,076
 6,298
Other long-term liabilities1,833  1,900 2,117
 1,833
Total liabilities32,260  31,841 33,453
 32,260
      
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)   
 
      
Equity:      
MEHC shareholders' equity:      
Common stock - 115 shares authorized, no par value, 75 shares issued and outstanding
 
  
 
Additional paid-in capital5,427  5,453 5,423
 5,427
Retained earnings7,979  6,788 9,310
 7,979
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net(174) 335 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net(641) (174)
Total MEHC shareholders' equity13,232  12,576 14,092
 13,232
Noncontrolling interests176  
267
 173
 176
Total equity13,408  12,843 14,265
 13,408
       
Total liabilities and equi ty$45,668  $44,684 
Total liabilities and equity$47,718
 $45,668

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

8483



MIDAMERICAN ENERGY HOLDINGS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Amounts in millions)
 Years Ended December 31,
 2010 2009 2008
Operating revenue:     
Energy$10,107  $10,167  $11,535 
Real estate1,020
 
 1,037  1,133 
Total operating revenue11,127  11,204  12,668 
  
Operating costs and expenses:Energy:
Cost of sales
3,8903,9045,170Operating expense2,4702,5712,369Depreciation and amortization1,2621,2381,110Real estate1,0031,0261,191Total operating costs and expenses8,6258,739
9,840
Operating income2,5022,465
2,828
Other income (expense):Interest expense(1,225)(1,275)(1,333)Capitalized interest544154  ;Interest and dividend income243875Other, net1101461,188Total other income (expense)(1,037)(1,050)(16)Income before income tax expense and equity income1,4651,4152,812Income tax expense198282982Equity income435541Net income1,3101,1881,871Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests723121Net income attributable to MEHC$1,238$1,157$1,850
 Years Ended December 31,
 2011 2010 2009
Operating revenue:     
Energy$10,181
 $10,107
 $10,167
Real estate992
 1,020
 1,037
Total operating revenue11,173
 11,127
 11,204
      
Operating costs and expenses:     
Energy:     
Cost of sales3,648
 3,890
 3,904
Operating expense2,544
 2,470
 2,571
Depreciation and amortization1,329
 1,262
 1,238
Real estate968
 1,003
 1,026
Total operating costs and expenses8,489
 8,625
 8,739
    
  
Operating income2,684
 2,502
 2,465
      
Other income (expense):     
Interest expense(1,196) (1,225) (1,275)
Capitalized interest40
 54
 41
Interest and dividend income14
 24
 38
Other, net51
 110
 146
Total other income (expense)(1,091) (1,037) (1,050)
      
Income before income tax expense and equity income1,593
 1,465
 1,415
Income tax expense294
 198
 282
Equity income53
 43
 55
Net income1,352
 1,310
 1,188
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests21
 72
 31
Net income attributable to MEHC$1,331
 $1,238
 $1,157

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


8584



MIDAMERICAN ENERGY HOLDINGS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts in millions)
Years Ended December 31,Years Ended December 31,
2010 2009 20082011 2010 2009
Cash flows from operating activities:          
Net income$1,310  $1,188  $1,871 $1,352
 $1,310
 $1,188
Adjustments to r econcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities:     
(Gain) loss on other items, net(39) 11  (918)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities:     
Loss (gain) on other items, net50
 (39) 11
Depreciation and amortization1,276  1,256  1,129 1,341
 1,276
 1,256
Stock-based compensation  123   
 
 123
Changes in regulatory assets and liabilities20  23  (23)(12) 20
 23
Provision for deferred income t axes854  864  766 
Deferred income taxes and amortization of investment tax credits937
 854
 864
Other, net(55) (45) (34)(66) (55) (45)
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions:     
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities:     
Trade receivables and other assets(44) 17  (58)(139) (44) 17
Derivative collateral, net(96) 81  (120
)
(8) (96) 81
Trading securities  499  (41)
 
 499
Contributions to pension and other postretirement benefit plans, net(139) (82) (98)(133) (139) (82)
Accrued property, income and other taxes(53) (332) (296)
Accounts payable and other liabilities(328) (363) 113
 
(49) 4
 (67)
Net cash flows from operating activities2,759  3,572  2,587 3,220
 2,759
 3,572
          
Cash flows from investing activities:          
Capital expenditures(2,593) (3,413) (3,937)(2,684) (2,593) (3,413)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired    (308)
Purchases of available-for-sale securities(106)
 
(499) (203)(123) (106) (499)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities100  256  216 111
 100
 256
Proceeds from maturity of guaranteed investment contracts    393 
Proceeds from conversion of Constellation Energy 8% preferred stock    418 
Purchase of Constellation Energy 8% preferred stock    (1,000)
Proceeds from Constellation Energy 14% note  1,000   
Proceeds from sale of assets and business, net146  13  93 
Decrease (increase) in restricted cash38  1  (21)
Other, net(69) (27) 5 
Proceeds from Constellation Energy Group, Inc. 14% note
 
 1,000
Proceeds from sales of assets and business, net10
 146
 13
Equity method investments(124) (66) (34)
(Increase) decrease in restricted cash and other(6) 35
 8
Net cash flows from investing activities(2,484) (2,669) (4,344)(2,816) (2,484) (2,669)
          
Cash flows from financing activities:          
Proceeds from MEHC senior and subordinated debt  250  1,649 
Repayments of MEHC senior and subordinated debt(281) (734) (1,803)
Proceeds from MEHC senior debt
 
 250
Repayments of MEHC subordinated debt(334) (281) (734)
Proceeds from subsidiary debt231  992  1,498 790
 231
 992
Repayments of subsidiary debt(192) (444) (1,077)(1,548) (192) (444)
Net proceeds from (repayments of) short-term debt149  (664) 725 545
 149
 (664)
Net payment of hedging instruments    
(99
)
Net purchases of common stock(56) (123)  
 (56) (123)
Net payments to noncontrolling interests(80)
 
(19) (10)(24) (80) (19)
Other, net(18) (5) (16)
Net cash flows from financing activities(234) (758) 866 (589) (234) (758)
          
Effect of exchange rate changes  4  (7)1
 
 4
          
Net change in cash and cash equivalents41  149  (898)(184) 41
 149
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period429  280  1,178 470
 429
 280
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$470  $429  $280 $286
 $470
 $429

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

8685



MIDAMERICAN ENERGY HOLDINGS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(Amounts in millions)

 
 MEHC Shareholders' Equity    
         Accumulated    
         Other    
     Additional   Comprehensive    
 Common Paid-in Retained Income (Loss), Noncontrolling Total
 Shares Stock Capital Earnings Net Interests Equity
   
 
          
Balance, January 1, 200875  $  $5,454  $3,782  $90  $256  $9,582 
Net income      1,850    21  1,871 
Other comprehensive loss        (969)   (969)
Contributions          45  45 
Distributions          (52) (52)
Other equity transactions    1  (1)      
Balance, December 31, 200875    5,455  5,631  (879) 270  10,477 
Net income      1,157    31  1,188 
Other comprehensive income        1,214    1,214&n bsp;
Stock-based compensation    123        123 
Exercise of common stock options1    25       25 
Common stock purchases(1) 
 
 (148)       (148)
Contributions          28  28 
Distributions          (73) (73)
Other equity transactions    (2)     11  9 
Balance, December 31, 200975    5,453  6,788  335  267  12,843 
Deconsolidation of Bridger Coal          (84) (84)
Net income      1,238    72  1,310 
Other comprehensive loss(509)(509)
Common stock purchases
(9)(47)(56)Purchase of noncontrolling interest(13)(44)(57)Distributions(34)(34)Other equity transactions(4)(1)(5)Balance, December 31, 201075$$5,427$7,979$(174)$176$13,408
 MEHC Shareholders' Equity    
         Accumulated    
         Other    
     Additional   Comprehensive    
 Common Paid-in Retained Income (Loss), Noncontrolling Total
 Shares Stock Capital Earnings Net Interests Equity
              
Balance, December 31, 200875
 $
 $5,455
 $5,631
 $(879) $270
 $10,477
Net income
 
 
 1,157
 
 31
 1,188
Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 1,214
 
 1,214
Stock-based compensation
 
 123
 
 
 
 123
Exercise of common stock options1
 
 25
 
 
 
 25
Common stock purchases(1) 
 (148) 
 
 
 (148)
Contributions
 
 
 
 
 28
 28
Distributions
 
 
 
 
 (73) (73)
Other equity transactions
 
 (2) 
 
 11
 9
Balance, December 31, 200975
 
 5,453
 6,788
 335
 267
 12,843
Deconsolidation of Bridger Coal
 
 
 
 
 (84) (84)
Net income
 
 
 1,238
 
 72
 1,310
Other comprehensive loss
 
 
 
 (509) 
 (509)
Common stock purchases
 
 (9) (47) 
 
 (56)
Purchase of noncontrolling interest
 
 (13) 
 
 (44) (57)
Distributions
 
 
 
 
 (34) (34)
Other equity transactions
 
 (4) 
 
 (1) (5)
Balance, December 31, 201075
 
 5,427
 7,979
 (174) 176
 13,408
Net income
 
 
 1,331
 
 21
 1,352
Other comprehensive loss
 
 
 
 (467) 
 (467)
Distributions
 
 
 
 
 (25) (25)
Other equity transactions
 
 (4) 
 
 1
 (3)
Balance, December 31, 201175
 $
 $5,423
 $9,310
 $(641) $173
 $14,265

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
& nbsp;

8786



MIDAMERICAN ENERGY HOLDINGS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Amounts in millions)

Year s Ended December 31,Years Ended December 31,
2010 2009 20082011 2010 2009
&nb sp;         
Net income$1,310  $1,188  $1,871 $1,352
 $1,310
 $1,188
          
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:          
Unrecognized amounts on retirement benefits, net of tax of     
$29, $(45) and $(28)54  (114) (72)
Unrecognized amounts on retirement benefits, net of tax of
$(10), $29 and $(45)
(30) 54
 (114)
Foreign currency translation adjustment(106) 255  (802)(10) (106) 255
Fair value adjustment on cash flow hedges, net of tax of     
$15, $3 and $(41)23  7  (64)
Unrealized (losses) gains on marketable securities, net of tax of     
$(318), $70 9 and $(20)(480) 1,066  (31)
Unrealized (losses) gains on available-for-sale securities, net of tax of
$(279), $(318) and $709
(419) (480) 1,066
Unrealized (losses) gains on cash flow hedges, net of tax of
$(5), $15 and $3
(8) 23
 7
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax(509) 1,214  (969)(467) (509) 1,214
           
Comprehensive income801  2,402  902 885
 801
 2,402
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests72  31  21 21
 72
 31
Comprehensive income attributable to MEHC$729  $2,371  $881 $864
 $729
 $2,371

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


8887



MIDAMERICAN ENERGY HOLDINGS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(1)Organization and Operations
(1)Organization and Operations
MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company ("MEHC") is a holding company that owns subsidiaries principally engaged in energy businesses (collectively with its subsidiaries, the "Company"). MEHC is a consolidated subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. ("Berkshire Hathaway").

The Company's operations are organized and managed as eight distinct platforms: PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Funding, LLC ("MidAmerican Funding") (which primarily consists of MidAmerican Energy Company ("MidAmerican Energy")), Northern Natural Gas Company ("Northern Natural Gas"), Kern River Gas Transmission Company ("Kern River"), CE Electric UK FundingNorthern Powergrid Holdings Company ("CE Electric&nbs p;UK"Northern Powergrid Holdings") (which primarily consists of Northern Electric DistributionPowergrid (Northeast) Limited ("and Northern Electric") and Yorkshire Electricity Distribution plc ("Yorkshire Electricity"))Powergrid (Yorkshire) plc), CalEnergy Philippines (which owns a majority interest in the Casecnan project in the Philippines), MidAmerican Renewables, LLC (formerly CalEnergy U.S. (which, which owns interests in independent power projects in the United States), and HomeServices of America, Inc. (collectively with its subsidiaries, "HomeServices"). Through these platforms, the Company owns and operates an electric utility company in the Western United States, an electric and natural gas utility company in the Midwestern United States, two interstate natural gas pipeline companies in the United States, two electricity distribution companies in Great Britain, a diversified portfolio of independent power projects and the second largest residential real estate brokerage firm in the United States. Effective December 31, 2011, Northern Natural Gas and Kern River have been aggregated in the reportable segment called MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group, and CalEnergy Philippines and MidAmerican Renewables, LLC have been aggregated in the reportable segment called MidAmerican Renewables.

(2)Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(2)Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Consolidation and Presentation

The Consolidated Financial Statem entsStatements include the accounts of MEHC and its subsidiaries in which it holds a controlling financial interest as of the financial statement date. The Consolidated Statements of Operations include the revenue and expenses of any acquired entities from the date of acquisition. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

As of December 31, 2011, the Company changed its presentation of regulatory assets and liabilities, which previously had been classified entirely as noncurrent, to present such regulatory assets and liabilities as either current or noncurrent based on the timing of the collection or refund of the respective regulatory asset or liability. To conform to the presentation as of December 31, 2011, the Company reclassified on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2010, $64 million from noncurrent regulatory assets to other current assets and $26 million from noncurrent regulatory liabilities to other current liabilities. Additionally, to conform to the presentation as of December 31, 2011, the Company reclassified on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2010, equity method investments totaling $588 million from other assets to noncurrent investments and restricted cash and investments.

Use of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. These estimates include, but are not limited to, the effects of regulation; goodwill; long-lived asset recovery; certain assumptions made in accounting for pension and other postretirement benefits; asset retirement obligations ("AROs"); income taxes; unbilled revenue; valuation of certain financial assets and liabilities, including derivative contracts; effects of regulation; long-lived asset recovery; goodwill impairment;and accounting for contingencies, including environmental and regulatory matters; income taxes; asset retirement obligations ("AROs"); and certain assumptions made in accounting for pension and other postretirement benefits.contingencies. Actual results may differ from the estimates used in preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Accounting for the Effects of Certain Types of Regulation

PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy, Northern Natural Gas and Kern River (the "Domestic Regulated Businesses") prepare their financial statements in accordance with authoritative guidance for regulated operations, which recognizes the economic effects of regulation. Accordingly, the Domestic Regulated Businesses are required to defer the recognition of certain costs or income if it is probable that, through the ratemaking process, there will be a corresponding increase or decrease in future regulated rates.


88



The Company continually evaluates the applicability of the guidance for regulated operations and whether its regulatory assets and liabilities are probable of inclusion in future regulated rates by considering factors such as a change in the regulator's approach to setting rates from cost-based ratemaking to another form of regulation, other regulatory actions or the impact of competition which could limit the Domestic Regulated Businesses' ability to recover their costs. Based upon this continuous evaluation, the Company believes the application of the guidance for regulated operations is appropriate and its existing regulatory assets and liabilities are probable of inclusion in future regulated rates. The evaluation reflects the current political and regulatory climate at both the federal and state levels and is subject to change in the future. If it becomes no longer probable that the deferred costs or income will be included in future regulated rates, the related regulatory assets and liabilities will be written off to net income, returned to customers or re-established as accumulated other comprehensive income.income (loss) ("AOCI").


89


Fair Value Measurements

As defined under GAAP, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability between market participants in the principal market or in the most advantageous market when no principal market exists. Adjustments to transaction prices or quoted market prices may be required in illiquid or disorderly markets in order to estimate fair value. Different valuation techniques may be appropriate under the circumstances to determine the value that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction. Market participants are assumed to be independent, knowledgeable, able and willing to transact an exchange and not under duress. Nonperformance or credit risk is considered whenin determining the fair value of liabilities.value. Considerable judgment may be required in interpreting market data used to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, estimates of fair value presented herein are not necessa rilynecessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized in a current or future market exchange.

Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash and Investments

Cash equivalents consist of funds invested in United States Treasury Bills, money market funds and other investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased. Cash and cash equivalents exclude amounts where availability is restricted by legal requirements, loan agreements or other contractual provisions. Restricted amounts are included in investments and restricted cash and investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Investments

The Company's management determines the appropriate classificationsclassification of investments in debt and equity securities at the acquisition date and reevaluates the classificationsclassification at each balance sheet date. Investments and restricted cash and investments that management does not intend to use in current operations are presented as noncurrent on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value with realized gains and losses, as determined on a specific identification basis, recognized in earnings and unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI"),AOCI, net of tax. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on certainsecurities in a trust funds related to the decommissioning of nuclear generation assets are recorded as net regulatory assets or liabilities since the Company expects to recover costs for these activities through regulated rates. Trading securities are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Held-to-maturity securities are carried at amortized cost, reflecting the ability and intent to hold the securities to maturity.

If in management's judgment a decline in the fair value of an available-for-sale or held-to-maturity investment below cost is deemed other than temporary, the cost of the investment is written down to fair value. Factors considered in judging whether an impairment is other than temporary include: the financial condition, business prospects and creditworthiness of the issuer; the length of time that fair value has been less than cost; the relative amount of the decline; and the Company's ability and intent to hold the investment until the fair value recovers.recovers; and the length of time that fair value has been less than cost. Impairment losses on equity securities are charged to earnings. With respect to an investment in a debt security, any resulting impairment loss is recognized in earnings if the Company intends to sell or expects to be required to sell the debt security before amortized cost is reco vered.recovered. If the Company does not expect to ultimately recover the amortized cost basis even if it does not intend to sell the security, the credit loss component is recognized in earnings and any difference between fair value and the amortized cost basis, net of the credit loss, is reflected in other comprehensive income (loss) ("OCI"). For regulated investments, any impairment charge is offset by the establishment of a regulatory asset to the extent recovery in regulated rates is probable.


89



The Company utilizes the equity method of accounting with respect to investments when it possesses the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the operating and financial policies of the investee. The ability to exercise significant influence is presumed whe nwhen an investor possesses more than 20% of the voting interests of the investee. This presumption may be overcome based on specific facts and circumstances that demonstrate that the ability to exercise significant influence is restricted. The Company applies the equity method to investments in common stock and to other investments when such other investments possess substantially identical subordinated interests to common stock. In applying the equity method, the Company records the investment at cost and subsequently increases or decreases the carrying amountvalue of the investment by the Company's proportionate share of the net earnings or losses and OCI of the investee. The Company records dividends or other equity distributions as reductions in the carrying value of the investment.


90


Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Trade receivables are stated at the outstanding principal amount, net of estimated allowances for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the Company's assessment of the collectibility of amounts owed to the Company by its customers. This assessment requires judgment regarding the ability of customers to pay or the outcome of any pending dis putes.disputes. As of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, the allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $2721 million and $2527 million, respectively, and is included in trade receivables, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Derivatives

The Company employs a number of different derivative contracts, including forwards, futures, options, swaps and other agreements, to manage price risk for electricity, natural gas and other commodities; interest rate risk; and foreign currency exchange rate risk. Derivative contracts are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either assets or liabilities and are stated at estimated fair value unless they are designated as normal purchases or normal sales and qualify for the exception afforded by GAAP. Derivative balances reflect offsetting permitted under master netting arrangementsagreements with counterparties and cash collateral paid or received under such agreements. Cash collateral received from or paid to counterparties to secure derivative contract assets or liabilities in excess of amounts offset is included in other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Commodity derivatives used in normal business operations that are settled by physical delivery, among other criteria, are eligible for and may be designated as normal purchases andor normal sales. Normal purchases or normal sales contracts are not marked-to-market and settled amounts are recognized as operating revenue or cost of sales on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

For the Company's derivatives not designated as hedging contracts, the settled amount is generally included in regulated rates. Accordingly, the net unrealized gains and losses associated with interim price movements on contracts that are accounted for as derivatives and probable of inclusion in regulated rates are recorded as regulatory assets and liabilities. For the Company's derivatives not designated as hedging contracts and for which changes in fair value are not recorded as regulatory assets and liabilities, unrealized gains and losses are recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Operations as operating revenue for sales contracts; cost of sales and operating expense for purchase contracts and electricity, natural gas and fuel swap contracts; and interest expense for interest rate derivatives.

For the Company's derivatives designated as hedging contracts, the Company formally assesses, at inception and thereafter, whether the hedging contract is highly effective in offsetting changes in the hedged item. The Company formally documents hedging activity by transaction t ypetype and risk management strategy.

Changes in the estimated fair value of a derivative contract designated and qualified as a cash flow hedge, to the extent effective, are included on the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity as AOCI, net of tax, until the contract settles and the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when it has determined that a derivative contract no longer qualifies as an effective hedge, or when it is no longer probable that the hedged forecasted transaction will occur. When hedge accounting is discontinued because the derivative contract no longer qualifies as an effective hedge, future changes in the estimated fair value of the derivative contract are charged to earnings. Gains and losses related to discontinued hedges that were previously recorded in AOCI will remain in AOCI until the contract settles and the hedged item is recognized in earnings, unless it becomes probable that the hedged forecasted transaction will not occur at which time associated deferred amounts in AOCI will be immediately recognized in earnings.


For the Company's derivatives not designated as hedging contracts, the settled amount is generally included in regulated rates. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of a derivative contract that are probable of inclusion in regulated rates are recorded as net regulatory assets and liabilities. For a derivative contract not probable of inclusion in regulated rates and not designated as a hedging contract, changes in the fair v alue are recognized in earnings.
90



Inventories

Inventories consist mainly of materials and supplies totaling $306331 million and $311306 million as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively, and fuel, which includes coal stocks, stored gas and fuel oil, totaling $279359 million and $280279 million as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively. The cost of materials and supplies, coal stocks and fuel oil is determined primarily using the average cost method. The cost of stored gas is determined using either the last-in-first-out ("LIFO") method or the lower of average cost or market. With respect to inventories carried at LIFO cost, the replacement cost would be $3827 million and $4838 million higher as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively.

91


Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

General

Additions to property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. The Company capitalizes all construction related material, direct labor and contract services, as well as indirect construction costs. Indirect construction costs which include capitalized interest, and equityincluding debt allowance for funds used during construction ("AFUDC")., and equity AFUDC. The cost of major additions and betterments are capitalized, while costs incurred that do not improve or extend the useful lives of the related assets are generally expensed. Additionally, MidAmerican Energy has regulatory arrangements in Iowa in which the carrying cost of certain utility plant ishas been reduced for amounts associated with electric returns on equity exceeding threshold levels.
 
Depreciation and amortization are generally computed by applying the composite or straight-line method based on either estimated useful lives or mandated recovery periods as prescribed by the Company's various regulatory authorities. Depreciation studies are completed by the Domestic Regulated Businesses to determine the appropriate group lives, net salvage and group depreciation rates. These studies are reviewed and rates are ultimately approved by some of the various regulatory authorities. Net salvage includes the estimated future residual values of the assets and any estimated removal costs recovered through approved depreciation rates. Estimated removal costs are recorded as either a cost of removal regulatory liability or an ARO liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, depending on whether the obligation meets the requirements of an ARO. As actual removal costs are incurred, the associated liability is reduced.

Generally when the Company retires or sells a component of domestic regulated property, plant and equipment, it charges the original cost and any net proceeds from the disposition to accumulated depreciation. Any gain or loss on disposals of all other assets is recorded through earnings.

The Domestic Regulated Businesses capitalize debt and equity AFUDC, which represents the estimated costs of debt and equity funds necessary to finance the construction of domestic regulated facilities, as a component of property, plant and equipment, with offsetting credits to the Consolidated Statements of Operations. AFUDC is computed based on guidelines set forth by the FERC.Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ("FERC"). After construction is completed, the Company is permitted to earn a return on these costs as a component of the related assets, as well as recover these costs through depreciation expense over the useful lives of the related assets.

Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company recognizes AROs when it has a legal obligation to perform decommissioning, reclamation or removal activities upon retirement of an asset. The Company's AROs are primarily related to the decommissioning of nuclear generation assetspower plants and obligations associated with its facilities.other generating facilities and offshore natural gas pipelines. The fair value of an ARO liability is recognized in the period in which it is incurred, if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made, and is added to the carrying amount of the associated asset, which is then depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset. Subsequent to the initial recognition, the ARO liability is adjusted for any revisions to the original estimate of undiscounted cash flows (with corresponding adjustments to property, plant and equipment) and for accretion of the ARO liability due to the passage of time. The difference between the ARO liability, the corresponding ARO asset included in property, plant and equipment, net and amounts recovered in rates to satisfy such liabilities is recorded as a regulatory asset or liability.


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Impairment

The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment, including property, plant and equipment, when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable or the assets are being held for sale. Upon the occurrence of a triggering event, the asset is reviewed to assess whether the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected from the use of the asset plus the residual value from the ultimate disposa ldisposal exceeds the carrying value of the asset. If the carrying value exceeds the estimated recoverable amounts, the asset is written down to the estimated discounted present value of the expected future cash flows from use of the asset.fair value. The impacts of regulation are considered when evaluating the carrying value of regulated assets.For all other assets, any resulting impairment loss is reflected on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.


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Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in business acquisitions. The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment at least annually and completed its annual review as of October 31. Evaluating goodwill for impairment involves a two-step process. The first step is to estimate the fair value of the reporting unit. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeds the estimated fair value, a second step is performed. Under the second step, the identifiable assets, including identifiable intangible assets, and liabilities of the reporting unit are estimated at fair value as of the current testing date. The excess of the estimated fair value of the reporting unit over the current estimated fair value of net assets establishes the implied value of goodwill. The excess of the recorded goodwill over the implied goodwill value is charged to earnings as an impairment loss. A significant amount of judgment is required in estimating the fair value of the reporting unit and performing goodwill impairment tests. The Company uses a variety of methods to estimate a reporting unit's fair value, principally discounted projected future net cash flows. Key assumptions used include, but are not limited to, the use of estimated future cash flows; earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") multiples;multiples of earnings; and an appropriate discount rate.In estimating future cash flows, the Company incorporates current market information, as well as historical factors. As such, the determination of fair value incorporates significant unobservable inputs. During 2011, 2010 2009 and 2008,2009, the Company did not record any goodwill impairment.

The Company records goodwill adjustments for (a) the tax benefit associated with the excess of tax-deductible goodwill over the reported amount of goodwill and (b) changes to the purchase price allocation prior to the end of the allocation period, which is not to exceed one year from the acquisition date.

Revenue Recognition

Energy Businesses

Revenue from energy business customers is recognized as electricity or natural gas is delivered or services are provided. Revenue recognized includes unbilled,billed, as well as billed,unbilled, amounts. As of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, unbilled revenue was $452474 million and $441452 million, respectively, and is included in trade receivables, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Rates charged by energy businesses are established by regulators or contractual arrangements. When preliminary rates are permitted to be billed prior to final approval by the applicable regulator, certain revenue collected may be subject to refund and a liability for estimated refunds is accrued. The Company records sales, franchise and excise taxes collected directly from customers and remitted directly to the taxing authorities on a net basis on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Real Estate Commission Revenue and Related Fees

Commission revenue from real estate brokerage transactions and related amounts due to agents are recognized when a real estate transaction is closed. Title and escrow closing fee revenue from real estate transactions and related amounts due to the title insurer are recognized at closing.

Unamortized Debt Premiums, Discounts and Financing Costs

Premiums, discounts and financing costs incurred for the issuance of long-term debt are amortized over the term of the related financing using the effective interest method.


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Foreign Currency

The accounts of foreign-based subsidiaries are measured in most instances using the local currency of the subsidiary as the functional currency. Revenue and expenses of these businesses are translated into United States dollars at the average exchange rate for the period. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate as of the end of the reporting period. Gains or losses from translating the financial statements of foreign-based operations are included in equity as a component of AOCI. Gains or losses arising from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity that is party to the transaction are included in earnings.


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Income Taxes

Berkshire Hathaway includes the Company in its United States federal income tax return. Consistent with established regulatory practice, the Company's provision for income taxes has been computed on a stand-alone basis.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are based on differences between the financial statement and income tax basis of assets and liabilities using estimated income tax rates expected to be in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Changes in deferred income tax assets and liabilities that are associated with components of OCI are charged or credited directly to OCI. Changes in deferred income tax assets and liabilities that are associated with income tax benefits related to certain property-related basis diffe rencesdifferences and other various differences that PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy (the "Utilities") are required to pass on to their customers in most state jurisdictions are charged or credited directly to a regulatory asset or liability. These amounts were recognized as a net regulatory asset totaling $917 million1.003 billion and $737917 million as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively, and will be included in regulated rates when the temporary differences reverse. Other changes in deferred income tax assets and liabilities are included as a component of income tax expense. Changes in deferred income tax assets and liabilities attributable to changes in enacted income tax rates are charged or credited to income tax expense in the period of enactment. Valuation allowances are established for certain deferred income tax assets where realization is not likely. Investment tax credits are generally deferred and amortized over the estimated useful lives of the related properties or as prescribed by various regulatory jurisdictions.

The Company has not provided United States federalestablished deferred income taxes on itsthe undistributed foreign earnings of Northern Powergrid Holdings or the related currency translation adjustment or the cumulative earnings of international subsidiaries that have been determined by management to be reinvested indefinitely. The cumulative earnings related to ongoing operations determined to be reinvested indefinitely were approximately$1.5782.0 billion as of December 31, 2010.2011. The Company periodically evaluates its capital requirements. If circumstances change in the future and a portion of Northern Powergrid Holdings' undistributed earnings were repatriated, the dividends would be subject to taxation in the United States. However, any United States income tax liability would be offset, in part, by available United States income tax credits with respect to corporate income taxes previously paid principally in the United Kingdom. Because of the availability of United States foreign income tax credits, it is not practicable to determine the U nitedUnited States federal income tax liability that would be payablerecognized if such cumulative earnings were not reinvested indefinitely. DeferredThe Company has established deferred income taxes are provided for earnings of international subsidiaries when the Company plans to remit thoseon all other undistributed foreign earnings.

In determining the Company's income taxes, management is required to interpret complex income tax laws and regulations, which includes consideration of regulatory implications imposed by the Company's various regulatory jurisdictions. The Company's income tax returns are subject to continuous examinations by federal, state, local and foreign income tax authorities that may give rise to different interpretations of these complex laws and regulations. Due to the nature of the examination process, it generally takes years before these examinations are co mpletedcompleted and these matters are resolved. Assets and liabilities are established forThe Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax positions taken or positions expected toposition only if it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be taken in income tax returns when such positions are judged to not meetsustained on examination by the "more-likely-than-not" thresholdtaxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefitbenefits recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements from each taxsuch a position isare measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Although the ultimate resolution of the Company's federal, state, local and foreign income tax examinations is uncertain, the Company believes it has made adequate provisions for these income tax positions. The aggregate amount of any additional income tax liabilities that may result from these examinations, if any, is not expected to have a material adverse affectimpact on the Company's consolidated financial results. The Company's unrecognized tax benefits are primarily included in accrued property, income and other taxes and other long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Estimated interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions are included as a component of income tax expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.


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New Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2010,December 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2010-06 ("ASU No. 2010-06"),2011-11, which amends FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 210, "Balance Sheet." The amendments in this guidance require an entity to provide quantitative disclosures about offsetting financial instruments and derivative instruments. Additionally, this guidance requires qualitative and quantitative disclosures about master netting agreements or similar agreements when the financial instruments and derivative instruments are not offset. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-09, which amends FASB ASC Subtopic 715-80, "Compensation-Retirement Benefits-Multiemployer Plans." The amendments in this guidance require additional disclosures regarding an entity's participation in multiemployer pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans, as well as certain qualitative and quantitative disclosures regarding individually significant multiemployer pension plans. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-08, which amends FASB ASC Topic 350, "Intangibles-Goodwill and Other." The amendments in this guidance provide an entity the option to assess qualitatively whether it is necessary to perform the current two-step goodwill impairment test. An entity would be required to perform step one if it determines qualitatively that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Otherwise, no further testing would be required. This guidance is effective for interim and annual goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011, and is not expected to have an impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, which amends FASB ASC Topic 220, "Comprehensive Income." ASU No. 2011-05 provides an entity with the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. Regardless of the option chosen, this guidance also requires presentation of items on the face of the financial statements that are reclassified from other comprehensive income to net income. This guidance does not change the items that must be reported in other comprehensive income, when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income or how tax effects of each item of other comprehensive income are presented. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company is currently evaluating which presentation option will be implemented. In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-12, which also amends FASB ASC Topic 220 to defer indefinitely the ASU No. 2011-05 requirement to present items on the face of the financial statements that are reclassified from other comprehensive income to net income. ASU No. 2011-12 is also effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2011.
In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-04, which amends FASB ASC Topic 820, "Fair Value Measu rementsMeasurements and Disclosures." The amendments in this guidance are not intended to result in a change in current accounting. ASU No. 2011-04 requires additional disclosures relating to fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, including quantitative information about unobservable inputs, the valuation process used by the entity and the sensitivity of unobservable input measurements. Additionally, entities are required to disclose the level of the fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value in the balance sheet, but for which disclosure of the fair value is required. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
In January 2010, the FASB issued ASU No. 2010-06, which amends FASB ASC Topic 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures." ASU No. 2010-06 requires disclosure of (a) the amount of significant transfers into and out of Levels 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy and the reasons for those transfers and (b) gross presentation of purchases, sales, issuances and settlements in the Level 3 fair value measurement rollforward. This guidance clarifies that existing fair value measurement disclosures should be presented for each class of assets and liabilities. The existing disclosures about the valuation techniques and inputs used to measure fair value for both recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements have also been clarified to ensure such disclosures are presented for the Levels 2 and 3 fair value measurements. The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2010, with the exception of the disclosure requirement to present purchases, sales, issuances and settlements gross in the Level 3 fair value measurement rollforward, which is effective for fiscal years beginning a fter December 15, 2010, and for interim periods within those fiscal years.the Company adopted as of January 1, 2011. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


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In June 2009, the FASB issued authoritative guidance (which was codified into ASC Topic 810, "Consolidation," with the issuance of ASU No. 2009-17) that requires a primarily qualitative analysis to determi ne if an enterprise is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity. This analysis is based on whether the enterprise has (a) the power to direct the activities of the variable interest entity that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the variable interest entity. In addition, enterprises are required to more frequently reassess whether an entity is a variable interest entity and whether the enterprise is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity. Finally, the guidance for consolidation or deconsolidation of a variable interest entity is amended and disclosure requirements about an enterprise's involvement with a variable interest entity are enhanced. The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2010 on a prospective basis. As a result, PacifiCorp's coal mining joint venture, Bridger Coal Company ("Br idger Coal"), was deconsolidated and is being accounted for under the equity method of accounting as the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact Bridger Coal's economic performance are shared with the joint venture partner. The deconsolidation of Bridger Coal resulted in a decrease in assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interest equity as of January 1, 2010 of $192 million, $108 million and $84 million, respectively. These changes included the deconsolidation of: (a) mine reclamation trust funds totaling $79 million; (b) property, plant and equipment, net totaling $249 million; and (c) asset retirement obligation liabilities totaling $79 million. Additionally, as a result of PacifiCorp's investment in Bridger Coal being accounted for under the equity method, an investment of $168 million was recorded on January 1, 2010.
(3)    Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment, net consists of the following as of December 31 (in millions):
 Depreciable    
 Life 2010 2009
Regulated assets:     
Utility generation, distribution and transmission system5-85 years $37,643  $35,616 
Interstate pipeline assets3-67 years 5,906  5,809 
   43,549  41,425 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization  (13,711) (13,336)
Regulated assets, net  29,838  28,089 
      
Nonregulated assets:     
Independent power plants
10-30 years 678  677 
Other assets3-30 years 419  480 
   1,097  1,157&n bsp;
Accumulated depreciation and amortization  
(492
) (462)
Nonregulated assets, net  605  695 
       
Net operating assets  30,443  28,784 
Construction in progress1,4562,152Property, plant and equipment, net$31,899$30,936
 Depreciable    
 Life 2011 2010
Regulated assets:     
Utility generation, distribution and transmission system5-80 years $40,180
 $37,643
Interstate pipeline assets3-80 years 6,245
 5,906
   46,425
 43,549
Accumulated depreciation and amortization  (14,390) (13,711)
Regulated assets, net  32,035
 29,838
      
Nonregulated assets:     
Independent power plants5-30 years 677
 678
Other assets3-30 years 429
 419
   1,106
 1,097
Accumulated depreciation and amortization  (533) (492)
Nonregulated assets, net  573
 605
      
Net operating assets  32,608
 30,443
Construction work-in-progress  1,559
 1,456
Property, plant and equipment, net  $34,167
 $31,899

Substantially all of the construction in progresswork-in-progress as of December 31, 20102011 and 20092010 relates to the construction of regulated assets.


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(4)Jointly Owned Utility Facilities
(4)Jointly Owned Utility Facilities

Under joint facility ownership agreements, with other utilities, the Utilities,Domestic Regulated Businesses, as tenants in common, have undivided interests in jointly owned generation, transmission, distribution and distributionpipeline common facilities. The Company accounts for its proportionate share of each facility, and each joint owner has provided financing for its share of each f acility.facility. Operating costs of each facility are assigned to joint owners based on their percentage of ownership or energy production, depending on the nature of the cost. Operating costs and expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations include the Company's share of the expenses of these facilities.

The amounts shown in the table below represent the Company's share in each jointly owned facility as of December 31, 20102011 (dollars in millions):
    Accumulated 
 
    Accumulated Construction
Company Facility In Depreciation and ConstructionCompany Facility In Depreciation and Work-in-
Share Service Amortization In ProgressShare Service Amortization Progress
              
PacifiCorp:              
Jim Bridger(1)
67% $1,077  $492  $29 
Jim Bridger Nos. 1-467% $1,074
 $491
 $21
Hunter No. 1
94  348  149   ;21 94
 342
 146
 43
Wyodak(1)
80  341  184  85 
Colstrip Nos. 3 and 4(1)
10  247  126 
 
2 
Hunter No. 260  193  93  77 60
 291
 80
 12
Hermiston(2)
50  175  50  1 
Wyodak80
 449
 152
 1
Colstrip Nos. 3 and 410
 222
 116
 2
Hermiston(1)
50
 171
 52
 1
Craig Nos. 1 and 219  170  87
 
 4 19
 176
 88
 
Hayden No. 125  46  25  5 25
 51
 24
 
Hayden No. 213
 32
 15
 
Foote Creek79  37  17   79
 37
 18
 
Hayden No. 213  28  16  3 
Other transmission and distribution facilitiesVarious 181  21  11 
Transmission and distribution facilitiesVarious 315
 50
 1
Total PacifiCorp  2,843  1,260  238   3,160
 1,232
 81
              
MidAmerican Energy:              
Louisa88% 
732
  347  1 
Louisa No. 188% 736
 355
 1
Walter Scott, Jr. No. 379  533  249  1 79
 537
 259
 1
Walter Scott, Jr. No. 460  444  43   
Quad Cities Unit Nos. 1 and 225  405  171  23 
Ottumwa52  262 
 
162  3  ;
Walter Scott, Jr. No. 4(2)
60
 442
 55
 
Quad Cities Nos. 1 and 2(3)
25
 573
 264
 36
Ottumwa No. 152
 266
 166
 12
George Neal No. 441  170  140   41
 170
 142
 11
George Neal No. 372  147  118   72
 147
 118
 7
Transmission facilitiesVarious 215  65   Various 236
 71
 
Total MidAmerican Energy  2,908  1,295  28   3,107
 1,430
 68
              
MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group - common facilities
Various 349
 174
 
       
Total  $5,751  $2,555  $266   $6,616
 $2,836
 $149

(1)Includes transmission lines and substations.
( 2)    PacifiCorp has contracted to purchase the remaining 50% of the output of the Hermiston generating facility.
(2)Facility in service and accumulated depreciation amounts are net of credits applied under Iowa revenue sharing arrangements totaling $306 million and $37 million, respectively.
(3)Includes amounts related to nuclear fuel.


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(5)    Regulatory Matters

Regulatory Assets and Liabilities

Regulatory assets represent costs that are expected to be recovered in future regulated rates. The Company's regulatory assets reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of the following as of December 31 (in millions):
Weighted    
Average    Weighted    
Remaining Life 2010 2009Average    
    Remaining Life 2011 2010
Noncurrent regulatory assets:    
Deferred income taxes(1)
30 years $978  $
796
 30 years $1,069
 $978
Employee benefit plans(2)
9 years 612  596 10 years 834
 612
Unrealized loss on regulated derivative contracts5 years 566
 
 371 3 years 421
 566
Unamortized contract values(3)
9 years 187
 
OtherVarious 341  330 Various 324
 277
Total  $2,497 
 
$2,093 
Noncurrent regulatory assets 2,835
 2,433
Current regulatory assets 83
 64
Total regulatory assets $2,918
 $2,497

(1)Amounts primarily represent income tax benefits related to state accelerated tax depreciation and certain property-related basis differences that were previously flowed through to customers and will be included in regulated rates when the temporary differences reverse.
(2)Substantially represents amounts not yet recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost that are expected to be included in regulated rates when recognized.
(3)Represents frozen values of contracts previously accounted for as derivatives and recorded at fair value, including $168 million reclassified from unrealized loss on regulated derivative contracts to unamortized contract values as a result of designating certain commodity derivatives as normal purchases or normal sales in December 2011. Refer to Note 7 for additional information.

The Company had regulatory assets not earning a return on investment of $2.2632.602 billion and $1.8612.263 billion as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively.

Regulatory liabilities represent income to be recognized or amounts to be returned to customers in future periods. The Company's regulatory liabilities reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of the following as of December 31 (in millions):
Weighted    
Average    Weighted    
Remaining Life 2010 2009Average    
    Remaining Life 2011 2010
Noncurrent regulatory liabilities:    
Cost of removal(1)
30 years $1,376  $1,318 30 years $1,404
 $1,376
Asset retirement obligations28 years 129  119 28 years 88
 129
Employee benefit plans(2)
14 years 23  25 19 years 12
 23
Unrealized gain on regulated derivative contracts1 year 2  18 1 year 21
 2
OtherVarious 134  123 Various 138
 108
Total $1,664  $1,603 
Noncurrent regulatory liabilities 1,663
 1,638
Current regulatory liabilities 68
 26
Total regulatory liabilities $1,731
 $1,664

(1)Amounts represent estimated costs, as accrued through depreciation rates and exclusive of ARO liabilities, of removing regulated property, plant and equipment in accordance with accepted regulatory practices. Amounts are deducted from rate base or otherwise accrue a carrying cost.
(2)Represents amounts not yet recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost that are to be returned to customers in future periods when recognized.
 

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Rate Matters
Iowa Electric Revenue Sharing
The Iowa Utilities Board ("IUB") has approved a series of electric settlement agreements between MidAmerican Energy, the Iowa Office of Consumer Advocate ("OCA") and other intervenors under which MidAmerican Energy has agreed not to seek a general increase in electric base rates to become effective prior to January 1, 2014, unless its Iowa jurisdictional electric return on equity falls below 10% for 2011 under the current agreement. Prior to filing for a general increase in electric rates, MidAmerican Energy is required to conduct 30 days of good faith negotiations with the signatories to the settlement agreements to attempt to avoid a general increase in such rates. As a party to the settlement agreements, the OCA has agreed not to request or support any decrease in MidAmerican Energy's Iowa electric base rates to become effective prior to January 1, 2014. The settlement agreements specifically allow the IUB to approve or order electric rate design or cost of service rate changes that could result in changes to rates for specific customers as long as such changes do not result in an overall increase in revenue for MidAmerican Energy. Additionally, the settlement agreements each provide that revenue associated with Iowa ret ail electric returns on equity within specified ranges will be shared with customers either as a credit against the cost of new generating facilities in Iowa or as a credit to customer bills. The portion assigned to customers will be recorded as a regulatory liability and charged to depreciation and amortization expense when accrued. When a new generation facility is placed in service, credits from the regulatory liability are applied against the cost of the facility, which reduces depreciation expense over the life of the facility. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, no liability was accrued for revenue sharing.
Kern River Rate Case
In December 2009, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ("FERC") issued an order establishing rates for the period of Kern River's current long-term contracts ("Period One rates"), and required that rates be levelized for shippers that elect to continue to take service following the expiration of their current contracts ("Period Two rates"). The FERC set all other issues related to Period Two rates for hearing. Kern River made a compliance filing conforming its Period One rates to the FERC's order in January 2010 and filed illustrative Period Two rates in February 2010 as required by the FERC's order. In March 2010, Kern River sought and was granted the FERC's authority to issue provisional refunds to its shippers subject to its right of recoupment, if necessary, based on the final rul ings in the matter. In November 2010, the FERC issued an order that denied all requests for rehearing from the FERC's December 2009 order ending the last clean rate benefit of Period Two rates, and established that Kern River is entitled to a 100% equity capital structure in the Period Two rates. An initial decision in the Period Two rates case is expected from the FERC administrative law judge in April 2011. In January 2011, Kern River filed a motion for clarification on certain depreciation issues with the FERC and also filed a petition for review of the Period One rates orders in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.
Oregon Senate Bill 408
Oregon Senate Bill 408 ("SB 408") requires PacifiCorp and other large regulated, investor-owned utilities that provide electric or natural gas service to Oregon customers to file an annual report each October with the OPUC comparing income taxes collected and income taxes paid, as defined by the statute and its administrative rules. If after its review, the OPUC determines the amount of income taxes collected differs from the amount of income taxes paid by more than $100,000, the OPUC must require the public utility to establish an automatic adjustment clause to account for the difference.
The OPUC issued an order in April 2008 approving the recovery of $35 million, plus interest, related to PacifiCorp's 2006 tax report. This order was challenged by the Industrial Customers of Northwest Utilities ("ICNU"), which petitioned the Oregon Court of Appeals for judicial review of, among other things, the application of certain administrative rules considered in the April 2008 order. In December 2010, the Oregon Court of Appeals affirmed the OPUC's April 2008 order. The ICNU did not seek further judicial review of the order, and the order is now final. The $35 million, plus interest, was previously recorded and collected from customers.
In October 2009, PacifiCorp filed for a su rcharge of $38 million in its 2008 tax report under SB 408. In January 2010, PacifiCorp entered into a stipulation with OPUC staff and the Citizens' Utility Board of Oregon ("CUB"), agreeing to a lower surcharge totaling $2 million, including interest. In April 2010, the OPUC issued an order adopting the stipulation in its entirety, at which time PacifiCorp recorded the $2 million in operating revenue.

98


In October 2010, PacifiCorp filed for a surcharge of $29 million, plus interest, in its 2009 tax report under SB 408. In January 2011, PacifiCorp entered into a two-part stipulation with the OPUC staff and the CUB, whereby; (a) PacifiCorp, the OPUC staff and the CUB agreed to a surcharge of $13 million, plus interest, as a result of a proposed rule change by the OPUC; and (b) the OPUC staff agreed to support PacifiCorp's request to defer an additional $14 million pending the adoption of the revised rules by the OPUC that are consistent with the normalization requirements of the Internal Revenue Code. No amounts have been recorded in relation to the 2009 tax report.
(6)    Fair Value Measurements

The carrying value of the Company's cash, certain cash equivalents, receivables, payables, accrued liabilities and short-term borrowings approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. The Company has various financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on the Consolidated Financial Statements using inputs from the three levels of the fair value hierarchy. A financial asset or liability classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels are as follows:

•    Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.
•    Level 2 - Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs).
•    Level 3 - Unobservable inputs reflect the Company's judgments about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability since limited market data exists. The Company develops these inputs based on the best information available, including its own data.
Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2 - Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs).
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs reflect the Company's judgments about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability since limited market data exists. The Company develops these inputs based on the best information available, including its own data.


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The following table presents the Company's assets and liabilities recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in millions):
Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements    
Level 1 Level 2
 
Level 3 
Other(1)
 TotalInput Levels for Fair Value Measurements    
As of December 31, 2010         
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Other(1)
 Total
As of December 31, 2011         
Assets:                  
Commodity derivatives$3  $293 
 
$23  $(175) $144 $1
 $166
 $27
 $(147) $47
Investments in available-for-sale securities:         
Money market mutual funds(2)
301      
 
 301 164
 
 
 
 164
Debt securities74  53  50    177 
Equity securities1,412        1,412 
Debt securities:         
United States government obligations89
 
 
 
 89
International government obligations
 1
 
 
 1
Corporate obligations
 30
 
 
 30
Municipal obligations
 12
 
 
 12
Agency, asset and mortgage-backed obligations
 7
 
 
 7
Auction rate securities
 
 35
 
 35
Equity securities:         
United States companies166
 
 
 
 166
International companies489
 
 
 
 489
Investment funds64
 
 
 
 64
$1,790  $346
 
 $73  $(175) $2,034 $973
 $216
 $62
 $(147) $1,104
                  
Liabilities - commodity derivatives$(10) $(568) $(354) $316  $(616)$(37) $(598) $(4) $303
 $(336)


99


 Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements    
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Other(1)
 Total
As of December 31, 2009         
Assets:      & nbsp;  
Commodity derivatives$3  $318  $36  $(169) $188 
Investments in available-for-sale securities: 
 
       
Money market mutual funds(2)
376  
 
     376 
Debt securities70  79
 
 46    195 
Equity securities2,230  8     ;  2,238 
 $2,679  $405  $82  $(169) $2,997 
          
Liabilities:         
Commodity derivatives$(5) $(395) $(395) $218  $(577)
Interest rate derivative  (4)     (4)
 $(5) $(399) $(395) $218  $(581)
As of December 31, 2010         
Assets:         
Commodity derivatives$3
 $293
 $23
 $(175) $144
Money market mutual funds(2)
301
 
 
 
 301
Debt securities:         
United States government obligations74
 
 
 
 74
International government obligations
 1
 
 
 1
Corporate obligations
 32
 
 
 32
Municipal obligations
 13
 
 
 13
Agency, asset and mortgage-backed obligations
 7
 
 
 7
Auction rate securities
 
 50
 
 50
Equity securities:         
United States companies166
 
 
 
 166
International companies1,183
 
 
 
 1,183
Investment funds63
 
 
 
 63
 $1,790
 $346
 $73
 $(175) $2,034
          
Liabilities - commodity derivatives$(10) $(568) $(354) $316
 $(616)

(1)
Represents netting under master netting arrangements and a net cash collateral receivable of $141156 million and $49141 million as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively.
(2)Amounts are included in cash and cash equivalents; current investments and restricted cash and investments; and noncurrent investments and restricted cash and investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of these money market mutual funds approximates cost .cost.



99



Derivative contracts are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either assets or liabilities and are stated at fair value unless they are designated as normal purchases or normal sales and qualify for the exception afforded by GAAP. When available, the fair value of derivative contracts is estimated using unadjusted quoted prices for identical contracts in the market in which the Company transacts. When quoted prices for identical contracts are not available, the Company uses forward price curves. Forward price curves represent the Company's estimates of the prices at which a buyer or seller could contract today for delivery or settlement at future dates. The Company bases its forward price curves upon market price quotations, when availab le,available, or internally developed and commercial models, with internal and external fundamental data inputs. Market price quotations are obtained from independent energy brokers, exchanges, direct communication with market participants and actual transactions executed by the Company. Market price quotations for certain major electricity and natural gas trading hubs are generally readily obtainable for the applicable term of the Company's outstanding derivative contracts; therefore, the Company's forward price curves for those locations and periods reflect observable market quotes. Market price quotations for other electricity and natural gas trading hubs are not as readily obtainable due to the length of the contract. Given that limited market data exists for these contracts, as well as for those contracts that are not actively traded, the Company uses forward price curves derived from internal models based on perceived pricing relationships to major trading hubs that are based on unobservable inputs. The estimate destimated fair value of these derivative contracts is a function of underlying forward commodity prices, interest rates, currency rates, related volatility, counterparty creditworthiness and duration of contracts. Refer to Note 7 for further discussion regarding the Company's risk management and hedging activities.

The Company's investments in money market mutual funds and debt and equity securities are accounted for as available-for-sale securities and are stated at fair value. When available, a readily observable quoted market price or net asset value of an identical security in an active market is used to record the fair value. In the absence of a quoted market price or net asset value of an identical security, the fair value is determined using pricing models or net asse tasset values based on observable market inputs and quoted market prices of securities with similar characteristics. The fair value of the Company's investments in auction rate securities, where there is no current liquid market, is determined using pricing models based on available observable market data and the Company's judgment about the assumptions, including liquidity and nonperformance risks, which market participants would use when pricing the asset.


100


The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant Level 3 inputs for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 Commodity Derivatives Debt Securities
 2010 2009 2008 2010 2009 2008
            
Beginning balance$(359) $(369) $(311) $46  $37  $73 
Changes included in earnings(1)
14  22  38      (5)
Changes in fair value recognized in other           
comprehensive income      4  9  (31)
Changes in fair value recognized in net regulatory assets(33) 12  (100)      
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements44 & nbsp;(2) (9)      
Net t ransfers3  (22) 13 
 
     
Ending balance$(331) $(359) $(369) $50  $
46$37
 Commodity Derivatives Auction Rate Securities
 2011 2010 2009 2011 2010 2009
            
Beginning balance$(331) $(359) $(369) $50
 $46
 $37
Changes included in earnings(1)
23
 14
 22
 
 
 
Changes in fair value recognized in OCI(3) 
 
 
 4
 9
Changes in fair value recognized in net regulatory assets144
 (33) 12
 
 
 
Contracts designated as normal purchases or normal sales(2)
168
 
 
 
 
 
Sales
 
 
 (15) 
 
Settlements21
 44
 (2) 
 
 
Transfers to Level 2
 3
 (22) 
 
 
Transfers from Level 21
 
 
 
 
 
Ending balance$23
 $(331) $(359) $35
 $50
 $46

(1)
Changes included in earnings are reported as operating revenue for commodity derivatives and other, net for investments in debt securities on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. NetFor commodity derivatives held as of December 2011, 2010 and 2009, net unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 2009 and 2008, related to commodity derivatives held at December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, totaled$15 million, $8 million, and $15 million and $31 million, respectively. Net realized losses included in earnings for
(2)In December 2011, PacifiCorp elected to designate certain derivative contracts as normal purchases or normal sales, an exception afforded by GAAP. As a result of making the year endeddesignation, the fair value of the contacts was frozen as of December 31, 2008, related2011 and $168 million of net derivative liabilities were reclassified from derivative contracts to investments in debt securities held at December 31, 2008, totaled $(5) million.other assets and liabilities. The frozen liability and associated regulatory asset will be amortized over the remaining terms of the agreements.


100



The Company's long-term debt is carried at cost on the Consolidated Financial Statements. The fair value of the Company's long-term debt has been estimated based upon quoted market prices, where available, or at the present value of future cash flows discounted at rates consistent with comparable maturities with similar credit risks. The carrying value of the Company's variable-rate long-term debt approximates fair value because of the frequent repricing of these instruments at market rates. The following table presents the carrying value a ndand estimated fair value of the Company's long-term debt as of December 31 (in millions):
 2010 2009
 Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
 Value Value Value Value
        
Long-term debt$19,491  $21,637  $19,752  $21,042 
 2011 2010
 Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
 Value Value Value Value
        
Long-term debt$19,072
 $23,327
 $19,491
 $21,637

(7)    Risk Management and Hedging Activities

The Company is exposed to the impact of market fluctuations in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. The Company is principally exposed to electricity, natural gas, coal and fuel oil commodity price risk primarily through MEHC's ownership of the Utilities as they have an obligation to serve retail customer load in their regulated service territories. MidAmerican Energy also provides nonregulated retail electricity and natural gas services in comp etitivecompetitive markets. The Utilities' load and generating facilities represent substantial underlying commodity positions. Exposures to commodity prices consist mainly of variations in the price of fuel required to generate electricity, wholesale electricity that is purchased and sold, and natural gas supply for regulated and nonregulated retail customers. Commodity prices are subject to wide price swings as supply and demand are impacted by, among many other unpredictable items, weather;weather, market liquidity;liquidity, generating facility availability;availability, customer usage; storage;usage, storage, and transmission and transportation constraints.Interest rate risk exists on variable-rate debt and future debt issuances. Additionally, the Company is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk from its business operations and investments in Great Britain.The Company does not engage in a material amount of proprietary trading activities.

Each of the Company's business platforms has established a risk management process that is designed to identify, assess, monitor, report, manage and mitigate each of the various types of risk involved in its business. To mitigate a portion of its commodity price risk, the Company uses commodity derivative contracts, includingwhich may include forwards, futures, options, swaps and other agreements, to effectively secure future supply or sell future production generally at fixed prices. The Company manages its interest rate risk by limiting its exposure to variable interest rates primarily through the issuance of fixed-rate long-term debt and by monitoring market changes in interest rates. Additionally, the Company may from time to time enter into interest rate derivative contracts, such as interest rate swaps or locks, to mitigate the Company's exposure to interest rate risk. The Company does not hedge all of its commodity price, interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate risks, thereby exposing the unhedged portion to changes in market prices.


101


There have been no significant changes in the Company's accounting policies related to derivatives. Refer to Notes 2, 5 and 6 for additional information on derivative contracts.


101



The following table, which reflects master netting arrangements and excludes contracts that qualify forhave been designated as normal under the normal purchases or normal sales exception afforded by GAAP, summarizes the fair value of the Company's derivative contracts, on a gross basis, and reconciles those amounts to the amounts presented on a net basis on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):
Derivative Assets Derivative Liabilities  
Current Noncurrent Current Noncurrent TotalDerivative Assets Derivative Liabilities  
As of December 31, 2010         
Not designated as hedging contracts(1)(2):
         
Current Noncurrent Current Noncurrent Total
As of December 31, 2011         
Not designated as hedging contracts(1):
         
Commodity assets$204  $18  $47  $38  $307 $93
 $14
 $73
 $13
 $193
Commodity liabilities(64) (6) (269) (533)& nbsp;(872)(47) (5) (324) (216) (592)
Total140  12  (222) (495) (565
)
46
 9
 (251) (203) (399)
  
 
               
Designated as hedging contracts(1):
         
Designated as hedging contracts:         
Commodity assets1  2  8  1  12 
 
 1
 
 1
Commodity liabilities(1) (1) (50) (8) (60)(6) 
 (24) (17) (47)
Total  1  (42) (7) (48)(6) 
 (23) (17) (46)
                  
Total derivatives140  13  (264) (502) (613)40
 9
 (274) (220) (445)
Cash collateral (payable) receivable(9)   106  44  141 (2) 
 114
 44
 156
Total derivatives - net basis$131  $13  $(158) $(458) $(472)$38
 $9
 $(160) $(176) $(289)

As of December 31, 2009
Not designated as hedging contracts(1)(2):
Commodity assets$219$70$22$31$342
Commodity liabilities(30)
(17
)(171)(476)(694)
Interest rate liability(4)(4)
Total18953(149)(449)(356)
Designated as hedging con tracts(1):
Commodity assets57315
Commodity liabilities(4)(53)(44)(101)
Total1(46)(41)(86)
Total derivatives19053(195)(490)(442)
Cash collateral (payable) receivable(54)(1)723249
Total derivatives - net basis$136$52$(123)$(458)$(393)
As of December 31, 2010         
Not designated as hedging contracts(1):
         
Commodity assets$204
 $18
 $47
 $38
 $307
Commodity liabilities(64) (6) (269) (533) (872)
Total140
 12
 (222) (495) (565)
          
Designated as hedging contracts:         
Commodity assets1
 2
 8
 1
 12
Commodity liabilities(1) (1) (50) (8) (60)
Total
 1
 (42) (7) (48)
          
Total derivatives140
 13
 (264) (502) (613)
Cash collateral (payable) receivable(9) 
 106
 44
 141
Total derivatives - net basis$131
 $13
 $(158) $(458) $(472)

(1)Derivative contracts within these categories subject to master netting arrangements are presented on a net basis on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2)    
The Company's commodity derivatives not designated as hedging contracts are generally included in regulated rates, and as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, a net regulatory asset of $564400 million and $353564 million, respectively, was recorded related to the net derivative liability of $565399 million and $352565 million, respectively.


102



Not Designated as Hedging Contracts

For the Company's commodity derivatives not designated as hedging contracts, the settled amount is generally included in regulatedrates. Accordingly, the net unrealized gains and losses associated with interim price movements on contracts that are accounted for as derivatives and probable of inclusion in regulated rates are recorded as net regulatory assets. The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the Company's net regulatory assets and summarizes the pre-tax gains and losses on commodity derivative contracts recognized in net regulatory assets, as well as amounts reclassified to earnings for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 2010 2009
    
Beginning balance$353  $446 
Changes in fair value recognized in net regulatory assets115  (119)
Net losses reclassified from AOCI49   
Net gains reclassified to operating revenue80  293 
Net losses reclassified to cost of sales(33) (267)
Ending balance$564  $353 
For the Company'sderivatives not designated as hedging contracts and for which changes in fair value are not recorded as a net regulatory asset or liability, unrealized gains and losses are recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Operations as operating revenue for sales contracts, cost of sales and operating expense for purchase contracts and electricity and natural gas swap contracts and interest expens e for the interest rate derivative. The following table summarizes the pre-tax gains (losses) included on the Consolidated Statements of Operations associated with the Company's derivative contracts not designated as hedging contracts and not recorded as a net regulatory asset or liability for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 2010 2009
Commodity derivatives:   
Operating revenue$22  $27 
Cost of sales(20) (12)
Interest rate derivative - interest expense4  2 
Total$6  $17 
 2011 2010 2009
      
Beginning balance$564
 $353
 $446
Changes in fair value recognized in net regulatory assets95
 115
 (119)
Net losses reclassified from AOCI
 49
 
Net losses reclassified to unamortized contract value regulatory asset(168) 
 
Net gains reclassified to operating revenue12
 80
 293
Net losses reclassified to cost of sales(103) (33) (267)
Ending balance$400
 $564
 $353

Designated as Hedging Contracts

The Company uses derivative contracts accounted for as cash flow hedges to hedge electricity and natural gas commodity prices for delivery to nonregulated customers, spring operational sales, natural gas storage and other transactions. The Company's derivative contracts designated as fair value hedges were not significant.

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the Company's accumulated other comprehensive loss (pre-tax) and summarizes pre-tax gains and losses on derivative contracts designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges recognized in OCI,other comprehensive income ("OCI"), as well as amounts reclassified to earnings for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 2010 2009
 Commodity Commodity Interest Rate  
 Derivatives Derivatives Derivative Total
        
Beginning balance(1)
$81 
 
$83  $6  $89 
Net losses recognized in OCI35  99    99 
Net losses reclassified to regulatory assets(49)      
Net gains reclassified to operating revenue14  
1111Net losses reclassified to cost of sales(44)(112)(112)Net losses reclassified to interest expense&nb sp;(6)(6)
Ending balance(1)
$37$81$$81

103

 2011 2010 2009
 Commodity Commodity Commodity Interest Rate  
 Derivatives Derivatives Derivatives Derivative Total
          
Beginning balance(1)
$37
 $81
 $83
 $6
 $89
Changes in fair value recognized in OCI25
 35
 99
 
 99
Net losses reclassified to regulatory assets
 (49) 
 
 
Net gains reclassified to operating revenue3
 14
 11
 
 11
Net losses reclassified to cost of sales(19) (44) (112) 
 (112)
Net losses reclassified to interest expense
 
 
 (6) (6)
Ending balance(1)
$46
 $37
 $81
 $
 $81

(1)Certain derivative contracts, principally interest rate locks, have settled and the fair value at the date of settlement remains in AOCI and is recognized in earnings when the forecasted transactions impact earnings.

Realized gains and losses on hedges and hedge ineffectiveness are recognized in income as operating revenue, cost of sales, operating expense or interest expense depending upon the nature of the item being hedged. For the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 2009 and 2008,2009, hedge ineffectiveness was insignificant. As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Company had cash flow hedges with expiration dates extending through December 20142015 and $2927 million of pre-tax net unrealized losses are forecasted to be reclassified from AOCI into earnings over the next twelve months as contracts settle.


103



Derivative Contract Volumes

The following table summarizes the net notional amounts of outstanding commodity derivative contracts with fixed price terms that comprise the mark-to-market values as of December 31 (in millions):
 Unit of    
 Measure 2010 2009
Commodity contracts:     
Electricity salesMegawatt hours (11) (20)
Natural gas purchasesDecatherms 239  245 
Fuel purchasesGallons 20  18 
Interest rate derivative - variable to fixed swapAustralian dollars 
  59 
 Unit of    
 Measure 2011 2010
Electricity purchases (sales)Megawatt hours 6
 (11)
Natural gas purchasesDecatherms 183
 239
Fuel purchasesGallons 19
 20

Credit Risk

The Utilities extend unsecured credit to other utilities, energy marketing companies, financial institutions and other market participants in conjunction with their wholesale energy supply and marketing activities. Credit risk relates to the risk of loss that might occur as a result of nonperformance by counterparties on their contractual obligations to make or take delivery of electricity, natural gas or other commodities and to make financial settlements of these obligations. Credit risk may be concentrated to the extent that one or more groups of counterparties have similar economic, indus tryindustry or other characteristics that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in market or other conditions. In addition, credit risk includes not only the risk that a counterparty may default due to circumstances relating directly to it, but also the risk that a counterparty may default due to circumstances involving other market participants that have a direct or indirect relationship with the counterparty.

The Utilities analyze the financial condition of each significant wholesale counterparty before entering into any transactions, establish limits on the amount of unsecured credit to be extended to each counterparty and evaluate the appropriateness of unsecured credit limits on an ongoing basis. To mitigate exposure to the financial risks of wholesale counterparties, the Utilities enter into netting and collateral arrangements that may include margining and cross-product netting agreements and obtain third-party guarantees, letters of credit and cash deposits. Counterparties may be assessed interest fees for delayed payments. If required, the Utilities exercise rights under these arrangements, including calling on the counterparty's credit support arrangement.

MidAmerican Energy also has potential indirect credit exposure to other market participants in the regional transmission organization ("RTO") markets where it actively participates, including the Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator, Inc. and the PJM Interconnection, L.L. C.L.L.C. In the event of a default by a RTO market participant on its market-related obligations, losses are allocated among all other market participants in proportion to each participant's share of overall market activity during the period of time the loss was incurred, diversifying MidAmerican Energy's exposure to credit losses from individual participants. Transactional activities of MidAmerican Energy and other participants in organized RTO markets are governed by credit policies specified in each respective RTO's governing tariff or related business practices. Credit policies of RTO's, which have been developed through extensive stakeholder participation, generally seek to minimize potential loss in the event of a market participant default without unnecessarily inhibiting access to the marketplace. MidAmerican Energy's share of historical losses from defaults by other RTO market participants has not been material.

104


Collateral and Contingent Features

In accordance with industry practice, certain wholesale derivative contracts contain provisions that require MEHC's subsidiaries, principally the Utilities, to maintain specific credit ratings from one or more of the major credit rating agencies on their unsecured debt. These derivative contracts may either specifically provide bilateral rights to demand cash or other security if credit exposures on a net basis exceed specified rating-dependent threshold levels ("credit-risk-related contingent features") or provide the right for counterparties to demand "adequate assurance" in the event of a material adverse change in the subsidiary's creditworthiness. These rights can vary by contract and by counterparty. As of December 31, 2010,2011, these subsidiary's credit ratings from the three recognized credit rating agencies were investment grade.

The aggregate fair value of the Company's derivative contracts in liability positions with specific credit-risk-related con tingentcontingent features totaled $603571 million and $473603 million as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively, for which the Company had posted collateral of $136125 million and $99136 million, respectively. If all credit-risk-related contingent features for derivative contracts in liability positions had been triggered as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, the Company would have been required to post $261332 million and $237261 million, respectively, of additional collateral. The Company's collateral requirements could fluctuate considerably due to market price volatility, changes in credit ratings, changes in legislation or regulation, or other factors.


104



(8)    Investments and Restricted Cash and Investments

Investments and restricted cash and investments consists of the following as of December 31 (in millions):
2010 2009
Invest ments:   
BYD common stock$1,182  $1,986 
2011 2010
Investments:   
BYD Company Limited common stock$488
 $1,182
Rabbi trusts284  268 290
 284
Other105  97 99
 105
Total investments1,571  2,351 877
 1,571
      
Equity method investments:   
CE Generation, LLC255
 254
Electric Transmission Texas, LLC221
 109
Bridger Coal Company204
 181
Other52
 44
Total equity method investments732
 588
   
Restricted cash and investments:      
Nuclear decommissioning trust funds295  264 308
 297
Mine reclamation trust funds&mdas h;  79 
Other59  91 
Debt service and other82
 57
Total restricted cash and investments354  434 390
 354
      
Total investments and restricted cash and investments1,925  2,785 1,999
 2,513
Less current portion(44) (83)(51) (44)
Noncurrent portion$1,881  $2,702 $1,948
 $2,469

Investments

MEHC's investment in BYD Company Limited ("BYD") common stock is accounted for as an available-for-sale security with changes in fair value recognized in AOCI. As of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, the fair value of MEHC's investment in BYD Company Limited common stock was $1.182 billion488 million and $1.9861.182 billion, respectively, which resulted in a pre-tax unrealized gain of $950256 million and $1.754 billion950 million as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively.
 
Rabbi trusts hold corporate-owned life insurance on certain current and former key executives and directors. The Rabbi trusts were established to hold investments used to fund the obligations of various nonqualified executive and director compensation plans and to pay the costs of the trusts. The amount represents the cash surrender value of all of the policies included in the Rabbi trusts, net of amounts borrowed against the cash surrender value.

Equity Method Investments

CE Generation, LLC is a company owned equally by subsidiaries of TransAlta Corporation and MEHC engaged in the independent power business, and through its subsidiaries, owns and operates ten geothermal generating facilities in the Imperial Valley of California and three natural gas-fueled combined cycle cogeneration facilities in New York, Texas and Arizona. Electric Transmission Texas, LLC is owned equally by subsidiaries of American Electric Power Company, Inc. and MEHC and owns and operates electric transmission assets in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas footprint. Bridger Coal Company ("Bridger Coal") is 66.67% owned by a subsidiary of MEHC and 33.33% owned by a subsidiary of Idaho Power Company and is a coal mining joint venture that supplies coal to the Jim Bridger generating facility. Bridger Coal is being accounted for under the equity method of accounting as the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact Bridger Coal's economic performance are shared with the joint venture partner.


105



Restricted Cash and Investments

MidAmerican Energy has established trustsa trust for the investment of funds for decommissioning the Quad Cities Nuclear Station Units 1 and 2 ("Quad Cities Station"). These investments in debt and equity securities are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value. Funds are invested in the trust in accordance with applicable federal investment guidelines and are restricted for use as reimbursement for costs of decommissioning the Quad Cities Station, which are currently licensed for operation until December 2032. As of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, 55% and 57%, respectively, of the fair value of the trusts'trust's funds was invested in domestic common equity securities, 10% and 11%, respectively, in domestic corporate debt securities and the remainder in investment grade municipal and United States government securities.

105


PacifiCorp, through a coal mining joint venture Bridger Coal, has established a trust for the investment of funds for final reclamation of a leased coal mining property. As discussed in Note 2, the Company adopted authoritative guidance as of January 1, 2010 that required equity method accounting treatment of Bridger Coal. As a result, the Company deconsolidated $79 million of mine reclamation trust funds. As of December 31, 2009, these investments in debt and equity securities are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value. Amounts funded are based on estimated future reclamation costs and estimated future coal deliveries. As of December 31, 2009, 57% of the fair value of the trust's funds was invested in equity securities with the remainder invested in debt securities.
The Company has investments in interest bearing auction rate securities with a par valuevalues of $58 million and $73 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and remaining maturities of 65 to 2625 years. These securities have historically provided liquidity through an auction process that reset the applicable interest rate at predetermined calendar intervals, usually every 28 days or less. The securities held have experienced multiple failed auctions, which resulted in the interest rate on these investments resetting at higher levels. Interest has been paid on the scheduled auction dates. The Company considers the securities to be temporarily impaired, except for an other-than-temporary impairment of $3 million, after tax, recorded in the fourth quarter of 2008, and has recorded unrealized losses on the securities of $11$12 million and $14$11 million, after tax, in AOCI as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively. The Company does not intend to sell or expect to be required to sell the securities until the remaining principal investment is collected.
The Company's restricted cash and investments as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 are primarily related to (a) debt service reserve requirements for certain project s, (b) funds held in trust for nuclear decommissioning and coal mine reclamation and (c) unpaid dividends declared obligations. The debt service funds are restricted by their respective project debt agreements to be used only for the related project.

(9)    Short-Term Debt and Revolving Credit Facilities

The following table summarizes MEHC's and its subsidiaries' availability under their revolving credit facilities as of December 31, (in millions):
       CE    
     MidAmerican Electric Home-  
 MEHC PacifiCorp Funding UK Services 
Total(1)
2010:           
Revolving credit facilities$585  $1,395  $654  $234  $50 
 
$2,918 
Less:         
Short-term debt(284)(36)(320)Tax-exempt bond support and letters of credit(40)(304)(195)(539)Net revolving credit facilities$261$1,055$459$234$50$2,0592009:Revolving credit facilities$585$1,395$654$161$125$2,920Less:Short-term debt(50)(129)(179)Tax-exempt bond support and letters of credit(42)(258)(195)
(495)Net revolving credit facilities$493$1,137$459$32$125$2,246
       Northern    
     MidAmerican Powergrid Home-  
 MEHC PacifiCorp Funding Holdings Services 
Total(1)
2011:           
Revolving credit facilities$552
 $1,355
 $654
 $233
 $50
 $2,844
Less:           
Short-term debt(108) (688) 
 (69) 
 (865)
Tax-exempt bond support and letters of credit(25) (304) (195) 
 
 (524)
Net revolving credit facilities$419
 $363
 $459
 $164
 $50
 $1,455
            
2010:           
Revolving credit facilities$585
 $1,395
 $654
 $234
 $50
 $2,918
Less:           
Short-term debt(284) (36) 
 
 
 (320)
Tax-exempt bond support and letters of credit(40) (304) (195) 
 
 (539)
Net revolving credit facilities$261
 $1,055
 $459
 $234
 $50
 $2,059

(1)The above table does not include unused revolving credit facilities and letters of credit for investments that are accounted for under the equity method.
 
As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Company was in compliance with the covenants of its revolving credit facilities and letter of credit arrangements.


106


MEHC

MEHC has an unsecured credit facility with $585$552 million available until July 2011, $552 million until July 2012 and $479 million until July 2013. The credit facility has a variable interest rate based on the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus a spread, which varies based on MEHC's credit ratings for its senior unsecured long-term debt securities, or a base rate, at MEHC's option. This facility is for general corporate purposes and also supports letters of credit for the benefit of certain subsidiaries and affiliates. As of December 31, 2011, MEHC had $108 million of borrowings outstanding under its credit facility at an average rate of 0.787% and had letters of credit issued under the credit agreement totaling $25 million. As of December 31, 2010, MEHC had $284 million of borrowings outstanding under its credit facility at an average rate of 0.508% and had letters of credit issued under the credit agreement totaling $40 million. As of December 31, 2009, MEHC had $50 million of borrowings outstanding under its credit facility at an average rate of 0.445% and had letters of credit issued under the credit agreement totaling $42 million. The revolving credit agreement re quiresrequires that MEHC's ratio of consolidated debt, including current maturities, to total capitalization not exceed 0.70 to 1.0 as of the last day of any quarter.


106



In January 2012, MEHC entered into a $500 million revolving loan agreement with a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway that is available until June 2012. The revolving loan facility has a variable interest rate based on LIBOR plus a spread.

PacifiCorp

PacifiCorp has a $635 million unsecured credit facility expiring in October 2012 and an unsecured credit facility with $760$720 million available until July 2011, $720 million until July 2012 and $630 million until July 2013. The credit facilities include a fixed or variable borrowing option for which rates vary based o non the borrowing option and PacifiCorp's credit ratings for its senior unsecured long-term debt securities. These facilities support PacifiCorp's commercial paper program and certain variable-rate tax-exempt bond obligations. As of December 31, 2011, PacifiCorp had $688 million of commercial paper borrowings outstanding at a weighted-average interest rate of 0.5% and no borrowings outstanding under its credit facilities. As discussed in Note 12, in January 2012, PacifiCorp issued $650 million of long-term debt, the proceeds of which were in part used to repay a significant portion of the commercial paper borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2011. As of December 31, 2010, PacifiCorp had $36 million of commercial paper borrowings outstanding at a weighted-average interest rate of 0.3% and no borrowings outstanding under its credit facilities. As of December 31, 2009, PacifiCorp had no commercial paper borrowings outstanding or borrowings outstanding under its credit facilities.

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, PacifiCorp had $601 million of letters of credit issued under committed arrangements, of which $304 million were issued under the revolving credit agreements. As of Decem ber 31, 2009, PacifiCorp had $517 million of letters of credit issued under committed arrangements, of which $220 million were issued under the revolving credit agreements. These letters of credit support PacifiCorp's variable-rate tax-exempt bond obligations, arewere fully available as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009, respectively,2010, and expire periodically from May 2012 through MayNovember 2012. In addition, PacifiCorp's credit facilities supported $38 million of unenhanced variable-rate tax-exempt bond obligations as of December 31, 2009.

Each revolving credit agreement and letter of credit arrangement requires that PacifiCorp's ratio of consolidated debt, including current maturities, to total capitalization at no time exceed 0.65 to 1.0.

MidAmerican Funding

MidAmerican Energy has an unsecured credit facility with $645 million available until July 2012 and $530 million until July 2013, which supports MidAmerican Energy's commercial paper program and its variable-rate tax-exempt bond obligations. The facility has a variable interest rate based on LIBOR plus a spread that varies based on MidAmerican Energy's credit ratings for its senior unsecured long-term debt securities, or a base rate, at MidAmerican Energy's option. In addition, MidAmerican Energy has a $5 million unsecured credit facility, which expires in June 20112012 and has a variable interest rate based on LIBOR plus a spread. As of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, MidAmerican Energy had no borrowings outstanding under its credit facilities, had no commercial paper borrowings outstanding and had $195 million of the $645 million revolving credit facility reserved to support the variable-rate tax-exempt bond obligations. The $645 million revolving credit agreement requires that MidAmerican Energy's ratio of consolidated debt, including current maturities, to total capitalization not exceed 0.65 to 1.0 as of the last day of any quarter.

MHC Inc., a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of MidAmerican Funding, has a $4 million unsecured credit facility, which expires in June 20112012 and has a variable interest rate based on LIBOR plus a spread. As of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, there were no borrowings outstanding under this credit facility.

CE Electric UKNorthern Powergrid Holdings

CE Electric UKNorthern Powergrid Holdings has a £150 million unsecured credit facility expiring in March 2013. The facility has a variable interest rate based on sterling LIBOR plus a spread that varies based on its credit ratings. As of December 31, 2010, CE Electric UK2011, Northern Powergrid Holdings had no$69 million of borrowings outs tandingoutstanding under its credit facility.facility at a weighted average interest rate of 2.14%. As of December 31, 2009, CE Electric UK2010, Northern Powergrid Holdings had $129 million ofno borrowings outstanding at an interest rate of 0.78% under a £100 million unsecured credit facility that was replaced by the newits credit facility. The revolving credit agreement requires that CE Electric UK'sNorthern Powergrid Holdings' ratio of consolidated senior net debt, , including current maturities, to regulated asset value not exceed 0.8 to 1.0 at CE Electric UKNorthern Powergrid Holdings and 0.65 to 1.0 at Northern ElectricPowergrid (Northeast) Limited and Yorkshire ElectricityNorthern Powergrid (Yorkshire) plc as of June 30 and December 31. Additionally, CE Electric UK'sNorthern Powergrid Holdings' interest coverage ratio shall not be less than 2.5 to 1.0.

107

&n bsp;

HomeServices

HomeServices has a $50 million unsecured credit facility expiring in December 2013. The facility has a variable interest rate based on the prime lending rate or LIBOR, at HomeServices' option, plus a spread that varies based on HomeServices' senior debt ratio. As of December 31, 2009, HomeServices had a $125 million unsecured credit facility that was replaced by the new credit facility. There were no borrowings outstanding under either facility as of December 3 1, 201031, 2011 and 2009.2010. The revolving credit agreement requires that HomeServices maintain no borrowings under the facility for at least 45 consecutive days on a rolling twelve month basis and borrowings under the facility cannot exceed a ratio of senior debt to EBITDAof 2.0 to 1.0 at the end of any fiscal quarter. As of December 31, 2010, HomeServices was in compliance with the covenants of its revolving credit facility.


107

(10)MEHC Senior Debt


(10)MEHC Senior Debt

MEHC senior debt represents unsecured senior obligations of MEHC and consists of the following, including fair value adjustments and unamortized premiums and discounts, as of December 31 (in millions):
Par Value 2010 2009Par Value 2011 2010
          
3.15% Senior Notes, due 2012$250  $250  $250 $250
 $250
 $250
5.875% Senior Notes, due 2012500  500  500 492
 492
 500
5.00% Senior Notes, due 2014250  250  250 250
 250
 250
5.75% Senior Notes, due 2018650  649  649 650
 649
 649
8.48% Senior Notes, due 2028475  484  484 475
 484
 484
6.125% Senior Notes, due 20361,700  1,699  1,699 
5.95% Senior Notes, due 2037550  547  547 
6.50% Senior Notes, due 20371,000  992  992 
6.125% Senior Bonds, due 20361,700
 1,699
 1,699
5.95% Senior Bonds, due 2037550
 547
 547
6.50% Senior Bonds, due 20371,000
 992
 992
Total MEHC Senior Debt$5,375  $5,371  $
5,371
 $5,367
 $5,363
 $5,371

(11)MEHC Subordinated Debt
(11)MEHC Subordinated Debt

MEHC subordinated debt consists of the following, including fair value adjustments, as of December 31 (in millions):
Par Value 2010 2009
     Par Value 2011 2010
CalEnergy Capital Trust II-6.25%, due 2012(1)
$  $  $88 
     
CalEnergy Capital Trust III-6.5%, due 2027191  150  149 $
 $
 $150
MidAmerican Capital Trust I-11%, due 2010    45 
MidAmerican Capital Trust II-11%, due 201265  65  108 22
 22
 65
MidAmerican Capital Trust III-11%, due 2011
100
  100  200 
 
 100
Total MEHC Subordinated Debt$356  $315  $590 $22
 $22
 $315

(1)    In July 2010, MEHC calle d
In the fourth quarter of 2011, MEHC called and repaid at par value $92 million of 6.25% CalEnergy Capital Trust II subordinated debt.
The Capital Trusts were formed for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities to holders and investing the proceeds received in subordinated debt issued by MEHC. The terms of the MEHC subordinated debt are substantially identical to those of the trust preferred securities. The MEHC subordinated debt associated with the CalEnergy Trusts is callable at the option of MEHC at any time at par value plus accrued interest. The MEHC subordinated debt associated with the MidAmerican Capital Trusts is not callable by MEHC except upon the limited occurrence$191 million of specified events. Distributions on the MEHC subordinated debt are payable either quarterly or semi-annu ally, depending on the issue, in arrears, and can be deferred at the option of MEHC for up to five years. During the deferral period, interest continues to accrue on the CalEnergy Capital Trusts at their stated rates, while interest accrues on the MidAmerican Capital Trusts at 13% per annum. The6.5% CalEnergy Capital Trust preferred securities are convertible any time into cashIII subordinated debt due in September 2027 and recognized a loss on redemption of $40 million. In July 2010, MEHC called and repaid at the optionpar value $92 million of the holder for an aggregate amount of $140 million.

108


The MidAmerican6.25% CalEnergy Capital Trust preferred securities are held by Berkshire Hathaway and its affiliates, which are prohibited from transferring the securities to non-affiliated persons absent an event of default. Interest expense to Berkshire Hathaway for the years ended December 31, 2010,II subordinated debt due in February 2012. In January 2009, and 2008 was $30 million, $58 million and $111 million, respectively. MEHC repaid $500 million on each of December 22, 2008 and January 13, 2009, to affiliates of Berkshire Hathaway in full satisfaction of the aggregate amount owed pursuantrelated to the $1 billion of 11% mandatory redeemable trust preferred securities issued by MidAmerican Capital Trust IV to affiliates of Berkshire Hathaway onin September 19, 2008. Interest expense on the CalEnergy Capital Truststo Berkshire Hathaway for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 2009 and 20082009 was $22$13 million $22, $30 million and $24$58 million, respectively.
The MEHC subordinated debt is subordinated to all senior debt of MEHC and is subject to certain covenants, events of default and optional and mandatory redemption provisions, all described in the indenture. Upon involuntary liquidation, the holder is entitled to par value plus any distributions in arrears. MEHC has agreed to pay to the holders of the trust preferred securities, to the extent that the applicable Trust has funds available to make such payments, quarterly distributions, redemption payments and liquidation payments on the trust preferred securities.

(12)Subsidiary Debt
(12)Subsidiary Debt

MEHC's direct and indirect subsidiaries are organized as legal entities separate and apart from MEHC and its other subsidiaries. Pursuant to separate financing agreements, substantially all or mostof PacifiCorp's electric utility properties, the long-term customer contracts of Kern River, the equity interest of MidAmerican Funding's subsidiary and substantially all of the propertiesassets of each of MEHC's subsidiaries (except MidAmericanCordova Energy Northern Natural Gas, CE Electric UK and CE Casecnan)Company LLC are pledged or encumbered to support or otherwise provide the security for thetheir related subsidiary debt. It should not be assumed that the assets of any subsidiary will be available to satisfy MEHC's obligations or the obligations of its other subsidiaries. However, unrestricted cash or other assets which are available for distribution may, subject to applicable law, regulatory commitments and the terms of financing and ring-fencing arrangements for such parties, be advanced, loaned, paid as dividends or otherwise distributed or contributed to MEHC or affiliates thereof. The long-term debt of subsidiaries may include provisions that allow MEHC's subsidiaries to redeem it in whole or in part at any time. These provisions generally include make-whole premiums.

Distributions at these separate legal entities are limited by various covenants including, among others, leverage ratios, interest coverage ratios and debt service coverage ratios. As of December 31, 2010,2011, all subsidi ariessubsidiaries were in compliance with their long-term debt covenants. However, Cordova Energy Company LLC is currently prohibited from making distributions by the terms of its indenture due to its failure to meet its debt service coverage ratio requirement.


108



Long-term debt of subsidiaries consists of the following, including fair value adjustments and unamortized premiums and discounts, as of December 31 (in millions):
 Par Value 2010 2009
      
PacifiCorp$6,514  $6,500  $6,526 
MidAmerican Funding525  485  484 
MidAmerican Energy2,871  2,865  2,865 
Northern Natural Gas1,000  1,000  1,000 
Kern River790  790  869 
CE Electric UK1,852  1,962  1,853 
CalEnergy Philippines35  35  17 
CalEnergy U.S.170  168  177 
Total subsidiary debt$13,757  $13,805  $13,791 
 Par Value 2011 2010
      
PacifiCorp$6,314
 $6,300
 $6,500
MidAmerican Funding3,465
 3,401
 3,350
MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group1,665
 1,665
 1,790
Northern Powergrid Holdings2,027
 2,128
 1,962
MidAmerican Renewables195
 193
 203
Total subsidiary debt$13,666
 $13,687
 $13,805


109


PacifiCorp

PacifiCorp's long-term debt consists of the following, including unamortized premiums and discounts, as of December 31 (dollars in millions):
 Par Value 2010 2009
First mortgage bonds:     
5.0% to 9.2%, due through 2015$1,040  $1,040  $1,054 
5.5% to 8.6%, due 2016 to 2019855  852  852 
6.7% to 8.5%, due 2021 to 2023324
3243246.7% due 2026100
100100
5.3% to 7.7%, due 2031 to 20358007987985.8% to 6.4%, due 2036 to 20392,5002,4912,490Tax-exempt bond obligations:Variable-rate series (2010-0.28% to 0.41%, 2009-0.18% to 0.34%):
Due 2013(1)(2)
414141
Due 2014 to 2025(2)
325325325
Due 2016 to 2024(1)(2)
221221176
Variable-rate series, due 20 14 to 2025(1)(3)
6868113
5.6% to 5.7%, due 2021 to 2023(1)
7171716.2%, due 2030131313Capital lease obligations - 8.8% to 15.7%, due through 2036156156169Total PacifiCorp$6,514$6,500$6,526
 Par Value 2011 2010
First mortgage bonds:     
5.0% to 8.8%, due through 2016$457
 $457
 $1,043
3.9% to 8.5%, due 2017 to 20211,271
 1,268
 869
6.7% to 8.3%, due 2022 to 2026404
 404
 404
7.7% due 2031300
 299
 299
5.3% to 6.1%, due 2034 to 2036850
 848
 848
5.8% to 6.4%, due 2037 to 20392,150
 2,142
 2,142
Tax-exempt bond obligations:     
Variable-rate series (2011-0.05% to 0.11%, 2010-0.28% to 0.41%):     
Due 2013(1)(2)
41
 41
 41
Due 2014 to 2025(2)
325
 325
 325
Due 2016 to 2024(1)(2)
221
 221
 221
Variable-rate series, due 2014 to 2025(1)(3)
68
 68
 68
5.6% to 5.7%, due 2021 to 2023(1)
71
 71
 71
6.2%, due 203013
 13
 13
Capital lease obligations - 8.8% to 15.7%, due through 2036143
 143
 156
Total PacifiCorp$6,314
 $6,300
 $6,500

(1)Secured by pledged first mortgage bonds registered to and held by the tax-exempt bond trustee generally with the same interest rates, maturity dates and redemption provisions as the tax-exempt bond obligations.
(2)Supported by $601 million of letters of credit issued under committed bank arrangements. These letters of credit were undrawn as of December 31, 2011 and expire periodically through November 2012.
(3)Interest rates are currently fixed for a term at 3.9% to 4.1%, and are scheduled to reset in 2013.

The issuance of PacifiCorp's first mortgage bonds is limited by available property, earnings tests and other provisions of PacifiCorp's mortgage. Approximately $21$22 billion of PacifiCorp's eligible property (based on original cost) was subject to the lien of the mortgage as of December 31, 2010.2011.

In January 2012, PacifiCorp issued $350 million of its 2.95% First Mortgage Bonds due February 1, 2022 and $300 million of its 4.10% First Mortgage Bonds due February 1, 2042. The net proceeds were used to repay short-term debt, fund capital expenditures and for general corporate purposes.


109



MidAmerican Funding

MidAmerican Funding's long-term debt consists of the following, including fair value adjustments and unamortized premiums and discounts, as of December 31 (dollars in millions):
Par Value 2010 2009
     Par Value 2011 2010
MidAmerican Funding:     
6.75% Senior Notes, due 2011$200  $200  $200 $
 $
 $200
6.927% Senior Notes, due 2029325  285  284 325
 286
 285
Total MidAmerican Funding$525  $485  $484 325
 286
 485
     
MidAmerican Energy:     
Tax-exempt bond obligations -     
Variable-rate series (2011-0.15%, 2010-0.43%), due 2016-2038195
 195
 195
Notes:     
5.65% Series, due 2012
 
 400
5.125% Series, due 2013275
 275
 275
4.65% Series, due 2014350
 350
 350
5.95% Series, due 2017250
 250
 250
5.3% Series, due 2018350
 349
 349
6.75% Series, due 2031400
 396
 396
5.75% Series, due 2035300
 300
 300
5.8% Series, due 2036350
 349
 349
Turbine purchase obligation, 1.46%, due 2013669
 650
 
Other1
 1
 1
Total MidAmerican Energy3,140
 3,115
 2,865
     
Total MidAmerican Funding$3,465
 $3,401
 $3,350

In conjunction with the construction of wind-powered generating facilities, MidAmerican Energy has accrued as construction work-in-progress amounts it is not contractually obligated to pay until December 2013. The amounts ultimately payable were discounted at 1.46% and recognized upon delivery of the equipment as long-term debt. The discount is being amortized as interest expense over the period until payment is due using the effective interest method. As of December 31, 2011, $650 million of such debt, net of associated discount, was outstanding.

In December 2011, MidAmerican Energy redeemed its 5.65% senior notes due July 2012 at a redemption price in accordance with the terms of the indenture.


110



MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group

MidAmerican Energy'sEnergy Pipeline Group's long-term debt consists of the following, including unamortized premiums and discounts, as of December 31 (dollars in millions):
 Par Value 2010 2009
      
Tax-exempt bond obligations:     
Variable-rate series (2010-0.43%, 2009-0.40%), due 2016-2038$195  $195  $195 
Notes:
 
    
5.65% Series, due 2012400  
400
  400 
5.125% Series, due 2013275  275
 
 275 
4.65% Series, due 2014350  350  350 
5.95% Series, due 2017250  250  249 
5.3% Series, due 2018350  349  349 
6.75% Series, due 2031400  396  396 
5.75% Series, due 2035300  300  300 
5.8% Series, due 2036350  349  349 
Other1  1  2 
Total MidAmerican Energy$2,871  $2,865  $2,865 
 Par Value 2011 2010
Northern Natural Gas:     
7.0% Senior Notes, due 2011$
 $
 $250
5.375% Senior Notes, due 2012300
 300
 300
5.125% Senior Notes, due 2015100
 100
 100
5.75% Senior Notes, due 2018200
 200
 200
4.25% Senior Notes, due 2021200
 200
 
5.8% Senior Bonds, due 2037150
 150
 150
Total Northern Natural Gas950
 950
 1,000
      
Kern River:     
6.676% Senior Notes, due 2016257
 257
 283
4.893% Senior Notes, due 2018458
 458
 507
Total Kern River715
 715
 790
      
Total MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group$1,665
 $1,665
 $1,790

Northern Natural Gas
Northern Natural Gas' long-term debt consists of the following, including unamortized premiums and discounts, as of December 31 (dollars in millions):
 Par Value 2010 2009
    
7.0% Senior Notes, due 2011$250$250$2505.375% Senior Notes, due 2012300300300
5.125% Senior Notes, due 2015
1001001005.75% Senior Notes, due 20182002002005.8% Senior Bonds, due 2037150150150Total Northern Natural Gas$1,000$1,000$1,000
Kern River
Kern River's long-term debt which is due in monthly installments, consists of the fo llowing as of December 31 (dollars in millions):
 Par Value 2010 2009
   &nbs p;  
6.676% Senior Notes, due 2016$283  $283  $309& nbsp;
4.893% Senior Notes, due 2018507  507  560 
Total Kern River$790  $790 
 
$869 
& nbsp;
amortizes monthly. Kern River provides a debt service reserve letter of credit in amounts that approximate the next six months of principal and interest payments due on the loans, which were equal to $62 million and $64 million as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009.2010, respectively.

111


CE Electric UK
Northern Powergrid Holdings
CE Electric UK
Northern Powergrid Holdings and its subsidiaries' long-term debt consists of the following, including fair value adjustments and unamortized premiums and discounts, as of December 31 (dollars in millions):
 
Par Value(1)
 2010 2009
      
8.875% Bearer Bonds, due 2020$156 
 
$184  $191 
9.25% Eurobonds, due 2020312  361  380 
4.133% European Investment Bank loan, due 2022236  236   
7.25% Sterling Bonds, due 2022312  337  349 
7.25% Eurobonds, due 2028290  
303
  314 
5.125% Bonds, due 2035312  308  319 
5.125% Bonds, due 2035234  233  241 
CE Gas Credit Facility, 4.78% for 2009    59 
Total CE Electric UK$1,852  $1,962  $1,853 
 
Par Value(1)
 2011 2010
      
8.875% Bonds, due 2020$155
 $181
 $184
9.25% Bonds, due 2020311
 355
 361
3.901% to 4.586% European Investment Bank loans, due 2018 to 2022418
 418
 236
7.25% Bonds, due 2022311
 334
 337
7.25% Bonds, due 2028288
 301
 303
5.125% Bonds, due 2035311
 307
 308
5.125% Bonds, due 2035233
 232
 233
Total Northern Powergrid Holdings$2,027
 $2,128
 $1,962

(1)The par values for these debt instruments are denominated in sterling and have been converted to United States dollars at the applicable exchange rate.


111



MidAmerican Renewables
In July 2010, Northern Electric closed on a £119 million finance contract with
MidAmerican Renewables long-term debt consists of the European Investment Bank. In January and February 2011, Northern Electric issued £119 million of notes with maturity dates ranging from 2018 to 2020 at interest rates ranging from 3.901% to 4.586%.
Cal Energy U.S.
Cordova Funding Corporation ("Cordova Funding") has senior secured bonds with interest rates ranging from 8.48% to 9.07%, due in semi-annual installments through 2019, having a total par value of $170 million. The outstanding balance of these bonds,following, including fair value adjustments, as of December 31 2010 and 2009 was $168 million and $177 million, respectively.(dollars in millions):
MEHC has issued a limited guarantee of a specified portion of the final scheduled principal payment on December 15, 2019 on the Cor dova Funding senior secured bonds in an amount up to a maximum of $37 million.
 Par Value 2011 2010
      
Cordova Funding Corporation Bonds, 8.48% to 9.07%, due 2019(1)
$161
 $159
 $168
Other34
 34
 35
  Total MidAmerican Renewables$195
 $193
 $203

(1)Amortizes semi-annually.

Annual Repayments of Long-Term Debt

The annual repayments of MEHC and subsidiary debt for the years beginning January 1, 20112012 and thereafter, excluding fair value adjustments and unamortized premiums and discounts, are as follows (in millions):
           2016 and  
 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Thereafter Total
              
MEHC senior debt$  $750  $  $250  $ 
 
$4,375  $5,375 
MEHC subordinated debt143  22        191  356 
PacifiCorp600  33  284  275  147  5,175  6,514 
MidAmerican Funding200         
 
325  525 
MidAmerican Energy  400  275  350  1  1,845  2,871 
Northern Natural Gas250  300  
    100  350  1,000 
Kern River81  81  80  81  85  382  790 
CE Electric UK          1,852  1,852 
CalEnergy Philippines2  2  2  2  2  25  35 
CalEnergy U.S.10  10  11  14  13  112  170 
Totals$1,286  $1,598  $652  $972  $348  $14,632  $19,488 
           2017 and  
 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Thereafter Total
              
MEHC senior debt$742
 $
 $250
 $
 $
 $4,375
 $5,367
MEHC subordinated debt22
 
 
 
 
 
 22
PacifiCorp34
 283
 275
 147
 72
 5,503
 6,314
MidAmerican Funding
 944
 350
 1
 34
 2,136
 3,465
MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group388
 80
 81
 185
 190
 741
 1,665
Northern Powergrid Holdings
 
 
 
 
 2,027
 2,027
MidAmerican Renewables12
 14
 16
 15
 19
 119
 195
Totals$1,198
 $1,321
 $972
 $348
 $315
 $14,901
 $19,055


112

(13)Asset Retirement Obligations

(13)Asset Retirement Obligations
The Company estimates its ARO liabilities based upon detailed engineering calculations of the amount and timing of the future cash spending for a third party to perform the required work. Spending estimates are escalated for inflation and then discounted at a credit-adjusted, risk-free rate. Changes in estimates could occur for a number of reasons, including plan revisions, i nflationinflation and changes in the amount and timing of the expected work.

The Company does not recognize liabilities for AROs for which the fair value cannot be reasonably estimated. Due to the indeterminate removal date, the fair value of the associated liabilities on certain transmission, distribution and other assets cannot currently be estimated, and no amounts are recognized on the Consolidated Financial Statements other than those included in the cost of removal regulatory liability established via approved depreciation rates in accordance with accepted regulatory practices. These accruals totaled $1.3761.404 billion and$1.3181.376 billion as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively.


112



As discussed in Note 2,a result of the Company adopted authoritative guidance asdeconsolidation of Bridger Coal on January 1, 2010, that required equity method accounting treatment of PacifiCorp's coal mining joint venture, Bridger Coal. As a result, the Company deconsolidated $79 million of ARO liabilities and mine reclamation trust funds. The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the Company's ARO liabilities for the years ended December 31, (in millions):
2010 20092011 2010
      
Beginning balance$463  $445
 
$390
 $463
Deconsolidation of Bridger Coal(79)  
 (79)
Change in estimated costs(1) 29 38
 (1)
Additions2  3 39
 2
Retirements(17) (40)(19) (17)
Accretion22  26 23
 22
Foreign currency exchange rate changes(1) 
Ending balance$390  $463 $470
 $390
      
Reflected as:      
Other current liabilities$8  $22 $20
 $8
Other long-term liabilities382  441 450
 382
$390  $463 $470
 $390
      
Investment trust funds$295  $343 
Nuclear decommissioning trust funds$308
 $297

The Company's most significant ARO liabilities relate to the decommissioning of nuclear power plants at MidAmerican Energy.and obligations associated with its other generating facilities and offshore natural gas pipelines. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission ("NRC") regulates the decommissioning of nuclear power plants, which includes the planning and funding for the decommissioning. In accordance with these regulations, MidAmerican Energy submits a biennial report to the NRC providing reasonable assurance that funds will be av ailableavailable to pay for its share of the Quad Cities Station decommissioning. The decommissioning costs are included in base rates in MidAmerican Energy's Iowa tariffs. MidAmerican Energy's share of estimated Quad Cities Station decommissioning costs was $178$230 million and $168$178 million as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively. MidAmerican Energy has established trusts for the investment of decommissioning funds. The fair value of the assets held in the trusts was $295$306 million and $264$295 million as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively, and is reflected in noncurrent investments and restricted cash and investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The change in estimated costs in 2011 is primarily the result of a new valuation study conducted by the operator of Quad Cities Station, consistent with its practice of periodically performing such studies. The revision decreased regulatory liabilities and did not impact net income. Additionally, Northern Natural Gas revised its offshore pipeline removal estimates based on a May 2011 letter order received from the Galveston District Corps of Engineers. The revision increased property, plant and equipment, net and did not impact net income.

Certain of the Company's decommissioning and reclamation obligations relate to jointly- ownedjointly-owned facilities and mine sites, and as such, each subsidiary is committed to pay a proportionate share of the decommissioning or reclamation costs. In the event of a default by any of the other joint participants, the respective subsidiary may be obligated to absorb, directly or by paying additional sums to the entity, a proportionate share of the defaulting party's liability. The Company's estimated share of the decommissioning and reclamation obligations are primarily recorded as ARO liabilities.


113


(14)    Employee Benefit Plans

Domestic Operations

Defined Benefit Plans

PacifiCorp sponsors defined benefit pension plans that cover the majority of its employees. PacifiCorp's pension plans include a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan and a supplemental exec utiveexecutive retirement plan ("SERP") and certain joint trust union plans to which PacifiCorp contributes on behalf of certain bargaining units.. MidAmerican Energy sponsors defined benefit pension plans covering a majority of all employees of MEHC and its domestic energy subsidiaries other than PacifiCorp. MidAmerican Energy's pension plans include a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan and a SERP. The Utilities also provide certain postretirement healthcare and life insurance benefits through various plans forto eligible retirees.

113




Changes to the Company's domestic pension and other postretirement benefit plans include the following:
•    In August 2008, non-union employeeEffective January 1, 2012, the Utilities changed the medical benefits for the majority of Medicare-eligible participants in the PacifiCorp-sponsored and MidAmerican Energy-sponsored other postretirement benefit plans. Medicare-eligible participants now enroll in individual medical plans, rather than company-sponsored plans, under which the Utilities contribute fixed amounts to the participant's health reimbursement account. As a result of this change, the Company's benefit obligations for its other postretirement benefit plans and its related regulatory assets decreased $72 million as of December 31, 2011.
Non-union employees hired on or after January 1, 2008 are not eligible to participate in the PacifiCorp-sponsored or MidAmerican Energy-sponsored noncontributory defined benefit pension plans were offered the option to continueplans. These non-union employees are eligible to receive pay credits in their current cash balance pension plan or receive equivalent fixed contributions toenhanced benefits under the PacifiCorp-sponsored and MidAmerican Energy-sponsored 401(k) plans. The election was effective January 1, 2009, and resulted
Certain union employees hired on or after specified dates in their union contracts are not eligible to participate in the recognitionPacifiCorp-sponsored or MidAmerican Energy-sponsored noncontributory defined benefit pension plans. During the past three years, several unions have elected to cease participation in the PacifiCorp-sponsored or MidAmerican Energy-sponsored noncontributory defined benefit pension plans. As a result of a $43 million curtailment gain. The Company recorded $41 million ofthese elections, the curtailment gain represe ntingbenefits for these union employees have been frozen and they are eligible to receive enhanced benefits under the amount to be returned to customers in rates as a regulatory deferral, resulting in a reduction to regulatory assets as of December 31, 2008.
•    Non-union employees hired on or after January 1, 2008 are not eligible to participate in the PacifiCorp-sponsored or MidAmerican Energy-sponsored noncontributory defined benefit pension plans. These non-union employees are eligible to receive enhanced benefits under the PacifiCorp-sponsored and MidAmerican Energy-sponsored 401(k) plans.
•    Certain union employees hired on or after specified dates in their union contracts are not eligible to participate in the PacifiCorp-sponsored or MidAmerican Energy-sponsored noncontributory defined benefit pension plans. During the past three years, several unions have elected to cease participation in the PacifiCorp-sponsored or MidAmerican Energy-sponsored noncontributory defined benefit pension plans. As a result of these elections, the benefits for these union employees have been frozen and they are eligible to receive enhanced benefits under the PacifiCorp-sponsore d and MidAmerican Energy-sponsored 401(k) plans.
PacifiCorp-sponsored and MidAmerican Energy-sponsored 401(k) plans.

In March 2010, the President signed into law healthcare reform legislation that included provisions to eliminatereduce the tax deductibility of other postretirement costs toby the extentamount of retiree drug subsidies received from the federal government beginning after December 31, 2012. Accordingly,As a result of this legislation, the Company increased deferred income tax liabilities and, consistent with the expectation that such additional income tax expense amounts are probable of inclusion in regulated rates, recorded a $53 million increase to net regulatory assets.assets during the year ended December 31, 2010.

The new law also contains a provision that requires a 40% excise tax for group health benefits that are provided to employees above certain premium thresholds beginning in 2018. The tax would apply to the amount of premiums in excess of the thresholds. Virtually all major areas of the healthcare reform legislation, including the 40% excise tax, are subject to interpretation and implementation rules that may take several years to complete. As of December 31, 2010, the Company's other postretirement benefit obligation increased by $12 million as a result of the projected impact of the excise tax on benefits provided to a certain bargaining unit.

Net Periodic Be nefitBenefit Cost

For purposes of calculating the expected return on plan assets, a market-related value is used. The market-related value of plan assets is calculated by spreading the difference between expected and actual investment returns over a five-year period beginning after the first year in which they occur.


114


Net periodic benefit cost for the plans included the following components for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
Pension Other PostretirementPension Other Postretirement
2010 2009 2008 2010 2009 20082011 2010 2009 2011 2010 2009
                      
Service cost$29  $35  $53  $10  $9  $12 $28
 $29
 $35
 $11
 $10
 $9
Interest cost105  113  108  42
 
 43  47 102
 105
 113
 41
 42
 43
Expected return on plan assets(114) (113) (117) (43) (41) (43)(118) (114) (113) (43) (43) (41)
Net amortization12    8  13  13  16 20
 12
 
 16
 13
 13
Curtailment gains    (2)   
   
Net periodic benefit cost$32  $35  $50  $22  $24  $32 $32
 $32
 $35
 $25
 $22
 $24


114



Funded Status

The following table is a reconciliat ionreconciliation of the fair value of plan assets for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
Pension Other PostretirementPension Other Postretirement
2010 2009 2010 20092011 2010 2011 2010
              
Plan assets at fair value, beginning of year$1,322  $1,147  $554  $456 $1,506
 $1,322
 $605
 $554
Employer contributions141  61  26  32 126
 141
 30
 26
Participant contributions    17  18 
 
 16
 17
Actual return on plan assets164  253  63  105 (13) 164
 
 63
Benefits paid(121) (139) (55) (57)(133) (121) (54) (55)
Plan assets at fair value, end of year$1,506  $1,322  $605  $554 $1,486
 $1,506
 $597
 $605

The following table is a reconciliation of the benefit obligations for the years ende dended December 31 (in millions):
 Pension Other Postretirement
 2010 2009 2010 2009
        
Benefit obligation, beginning of year$1,887  $
1,745
  $746  $717 
Service cost29  35  10  9 
Interest cost105 
 
113  42 
43Participant contributions1718Plan amendments5(7)(45)Curtailments(14)(12)Actuarial loss881401458Benefits paid, net of Medicare subsidy(121)(139)(52)(54)Benefit obligation, end of year$1,974$1,887$770$746Accumulated benefit obligation, end of year$1,937$1,836
 Pension Other Postretirement
 2011 2010 2011 2010
        
Benefit obligation, beginning of year$1,974
 $1,887
 $770
 $746
Service cost28
 29
 11
 10
Interest cost102
 105
 41
 42
Participant contributions
 
 16
 17
Plan amendments(4) 
 (72) (7)
Curtailment
 (14) 
 
Actuarial loss123
 88
 58
 14
Benefits paid, net of Medicare subsidy(133) (121) (51) (52)
Benefit obligation, end of year$2,090
 $1,974
 $773
 $770
Accumulated benefit obligation, end of year$2,060
 $1,937
    


115


The funded status of the plans and the amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31 are as follows (in millions):
 Pension Other Postretirement
 2010 2009 2010 2009
        
Plan assets at fair value, end of year$1,506  $1,322  $605  $554 
Less - Benefit obligati ons, end of year1,974  1,887  770  746 
Funded status$(468) $(565) $(165) $(192)
        
Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets:       
Other current assets$&md ash;  $  
$$3Other assets27Other current liabilities(12)(12)&n bsp;Other long-term liabilities(456
)
(553)(192)(195)Amounts recognized$(468)$(565)$(165)$(192)
 Pension Other Postretirement
 2011 2010 2011 2010
        
Plan assets at fair value, end of year$1,486
 $1,506
 $597
 $605
Less - Benefit obligation, end of year2,090
 1,974
 773
 770
Funded status$(604) $(468) $(176) $(165)
        
Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets:       
Other assets$
 $
 $15
 $27
Other current liabilities(12) (12) 
 
Other long-term liabilities(592) (456) (191) (192)
Amounts recognized$(604) $(468) $(176) $(165)

The SERPs have no plan assets; however the Company has Rabbi trusts that hold corporate-owned life insurance and other investments to provide funding for the future cash requirements of the SERPs. The cash surrender value of all of the policies included in the Rabbi trusts, net of amounts borrowed against the cash surrender value, plus the fair market value of other Rabbi trust investments, was $165$170 million and $155$165 million as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively. These assets are not included in the plan assets in the above table, but are reflected in noncurrent investments and restricted cash and investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The po rtionportion of the pension plans' projected benefit obligationsobligation related to the SERPs was $165$175 million and $157$165 million as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively.

115




Unrecognized Amounts

The portion of the funded status of the plans not yet recognized in net periodic benefit cost as of December 31 is as follows (in millions):
 Pension Other Postretirement
 2010 2009 2010 2009
  
 
     
Net loss$518  $522  $163  $174 
Prior service credit(45) (53) (43) (40)
Net transition obligation  
1930Regulatory deferrals(18)(27)45Total$455$442$143$169
 Pension Other Postretirement
 2011 2010 2011 2010
        
Net loss$734
 $518
 $254
 $163
Prior service credit(41) (45) (104) (43)
Net transition obligation
 
 
 19
Regulatory deferrals(7) (18) 3
 4
Total$686
 $455
 $153
 $143


116


A reconciliation of the amounts not yet recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31, 20102011 and 20092010 is as follows (in millions):
Accumulated
Other
RegulatoryRegulatoryComprehensive
AssetLiabilityLossTotalPensionBalance, January 1, 2009$447$$2$449Net (gain) loss arising during the year(19)7(12)Prior service (credit) cost arising during the year(1)65Net amortization(2)4(2)
Total(3)(9)
5(7)Balance, December 31, 2009444
(9)7442Net loss arising during the year307340Curtailment gains(14)(14)Net amortization(13)1(1)(13)Total38213Balance, December 31, 2010$447$(1)$9$455
     Accumulated  
     Other  
 Regulatory Regulatory Comprehensive  
 Asset Liability Loss Total
Pension       
Balance, December 31, 2009$444
 $(9) $7
 $442
Net loss arising during the year30
 7
 3
 40
Curtailment(14) 
 
 (14)
Net amortization(13) 1
 (1) (13)
Total3
 8
 2
 13
Balance, December 31, 2010447
 (1) 9
 455
Net loss arising during the year246
 1
 8
 255
Prior service credit arising during the year(4) 
 
 (4)
Net amortization(20) 
 
 (20)
Total222
 1
 8
 231
Balance, December 31, 2011$669
 $
 $17
 $686


       Accumulated  
     Deferred Other  
 Regulatory Regulatory Income Comprehensive  
 Asset Liability Taxes Loss Total
Other Postretirement         
Balance, January 1, 2009$204  $
(10
) $38
116
$1$233Net (gain) loss arising during the year(6)(2)

1

(7)Prior service credit arising during the year(3 0)(4)(6)(1)(41)Transition obligation credit arising during the year(3)(3)Net amortization(13)(13)Total(52)

(6)(5)(1)(64)Balance, December 31, 2009152(16)33169Net loss (gain) arising during the year5(11)(6)Prior service credit arising during the year(7)(7)
Income tax benefits no longer realizable(1)
2310(33)
Net amortization(15)2(13)Total13(6)(33)(26)Balance, December 31, 2010$165$(22)$$$143
       Accumulated  
     Deferred Other  
 Regulatory Regulatory Income Comprehensive  
 Asset Liability Taxes Loss Total
Other Postretirement         
Balance, December 31, 2009$152
 $(16) $33
 $
 $169
Net loss (gain) arising during the year5
 (11) 
 
 (6)
Prior service credit arising during the year
 (7) 
 
 (7)
Income tax benefits no longer realizable(1)
23
 10
 (33) 
 
Net amortization(15) 2
 
 
 (13)
Total13
 (6) (33) 
 (26)
Balance, December 31, 2010165
 (22) 
 
 143
Net loss arising during the year86
 12
 
 1
 99
Prior service credit arising during the year(61) (3) 
 (1) (65)
Reduction in net transition obligation(8) 
 
 
 (8)
Net amortization(17) 1
 
 
 (16)
Total
 10
 
 
 10
Balance, December 31, 2011$165
 $(12) $
 $
 $153

(1)Repre sentsRepresents adjustments to regulatory assets associated with income tax benefits that will no longer be realized when the net periodic benefit cost is recognized as a result of the healthcare reform legislation.

The net loss, prior service credit net transition obligation and regulatory deferrals that will be amortized in 20112012 into net periodic benefit cost are estimated to be as follows (in millions):
Net Prior Service Net Transition Regulatory  Net Prior Service Regulatory  
Loss Credit Obligation Deferrals TotalLoss Credit Deferrals Total
  
 
   
 
         
Pension$38  $(7) $  $(11) $20 $47
 $(7) $(2) $38
Other postretirement
8  (4) 11  1  16 13
 (13) 1
 1
Total$46  $(11) $11  $(10) $36 $60
 $(20) $(1) $39


117



Plan Assumptions

Assump tionsAssumptions used to determine benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
Pension Other PostretirementPension Other Postretirement
2010 2009 2008 2010 2009 20082011 2010 2009 2011 2010 2009
                      
Benefit obligations as of December 31:    
 
                 
PacifiCorp-sponsored plans                      
Discount rate5.35% 5.80% 6.90% 5.45% 5.85% 6.90%4.90% 5.35% 5.80% 4.95% 5.45% 5.85%
Rate of compensation increase3.50% 3.00% 3.50% N/A N/A N/A3.50% 3.50% 3.00% N/A
 N/A
 N/A
MidAmerican Energ y-sponsored plans           
MidAmerican Energy-sponsored plans           
Discount rate5.50% 6.00% 6.50% 
5.50
% 6.00% 6.50%4.75% 5.50% 6.00% 4.75% 5.50% 6.00%
Rate of compensation increase3.50% 3.00% 4.00% N/A N/A N/A3.50% 3.50% 3.00% N/A
 N/A
 N/A
                      
Net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31:                      
PacifiCorp-sponsored plans       
 
              
Discount rate5.80% 6.90% 6.30% 5.85% 6.90% 6.45%5.35% 5.80% 6.90% 5.45% 5.85% 6.90%
Expected return on plan assets7.75% 7.75% 7.75% 7.75% 7.75% 7.75%7.50% 7.75% 7.75% 7.50% 7.75% 7.75%
Rate of compensation increase3.00% 3.50% 4.00% N/A N/A N/A3.50% 3.00% 3.50% N/A
 N/A
 N/A
MidAmerican Energy-sponsored plans                      
Discount rate6.00% 6.50% 6.00% 6.00% 6.50% 6.00%5.50% 6.00% 6.50% 5.50% 6.00% 6.50%
Expected return on plan assets7.50% 7.50% 7.50% 7.50% 7.50% 7.50%7.50% 7.50% 7.50% 7.50% 7.50% 7.50%
Rate of compensation increase3.00% 4.00% 4.50% N/A N/A N/A3.50% 3.00% 4.00% N/A
 N/A
 N/A

2010 20092011 2010
Assumed healthcare cost trend rates as of December 31:      
PacifiCorp-sponsored plans      
Healthcare cost trend rate assumed for next year8.00% 8.00%8.50% 8.00%
Rate that the cost trend rate gradually declines to5.00% 5.00%5.00% 5.00%
Year that the rate reaches the rate it is assumed to remain at2016 20162016 2016
MidAmerican E nergy-sponsored plans   
MidAmerican Energy-sponsored plans   
Healthcare cost trend rate assumed for next year8.00% 8.00%7.40% 8.00%
Rate that the cost trend rate gradually declines to5.00% 5.00%5.00% 5.00%
Year that the rate reaches the rate it is assumed to remain at2016 20162016 2016

In establishing its assumption as to the expected return on plan assets, the Company utilizes the expected asset allocation and return assumptions for each asset class based on historical performance and forward-looking views of the financial markets.

A one percentage-point change in assumed healthcare cost trend rates would have the following effects (in millions):
One Percentage-PointOne Percentage-Point
Increase DecreaseIncrease Decrease
Increase (decrease) in:      
Total service and interest cost$2  $(2)$3
 $(2)
Other postretirement benefit obligation45  (37)48
 (38)


118



Contributions and Benefit Payments

Employer contributions to the pension and other postretirement benefit plans are expected to be $94$81 million and $31$9 million, respectively, during 2011.2012. Funding to the established pension trusts is based upon the actuarially determined costs of the plans and the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and the Pension Protection Act of 2006, as amended. The Company considers contributing additional amounts from time to time in order to achieve certain funding levels specified under the Pension Protection Act of 2006, as amended. The Company's funding policy for its other postretirement benefit plans is to contribute an amount equal to the sum of the net periodic benefit cost and the amount of Medicare subsidies expected to be earned during the period.cost.

The expected benefit payments to participants in the Company's pension and other postretirement benefit plans for 20112012 through 20152016 and for the five years thereafter are summarized below (in millions):
 Projected Benefit Payments
   Other Postretirement
 Pension Gross Medicare Subsidy Net of Subsidy
        
2011$143  $48  $(5) $43 
2012147  51  (5) 46 
2013155  54  (5) 49 
2014165  58  (6) 52&nbs p;
2015161  60  (7) 53 
2016-20828  343  (43) 300 
 Projected Benefit Payments
   Other Postretirement
 Pension Gross Medicare Subsidy Net of Subsidy
        
2012$151
 $49
 $
 $49
2013156
 51
 (1) 50
2014160
 52
 (1) 51
2015161
 53
 (1) 52
2016167
 55
 (1) 54
2017-21808
 294
 (9) 285

Plan Assets

Investment Policy and Asset Allocations

The Company's investment policy for its pension and other postretirement benefit plans is to balance risk and return through a diversified portfolio of fixed-incomedebt securities, equit yequity securities and other alternative investments. Maturities for fixed-incomedebt securities are managed to targets consistent with prudent risk tolerances. The plans retain outside investment advisors to manage plan investments within the parameters outlined by each plan's Pension and Employee Benefits Plans Administrative Committee. The investment portfolio is managed in line with the investment policy with sufficient liquidity to meet near-term benefit payments. The return on assets assumption for each plan is based on a weighted-average of the expected historical performance for the types of assets in which the plans invest.

The target allocations (percentage of plan assets) for the Company's pension and other postretirement benefit plan assets are as follow sfollows as of December 31, 2010:2011:
   Other
 
Pension(1)
 
Postretirement(1)
 % %
PacifiCorp:   
Fixed-incomeDebt securities(2)
33-37 33-37
Equity securities(2)
53-57 61-65
Limited partnership interests8-12 1-3
Other0-1 0-1
    
MidAmerican Energy:   
Fixed-incomeDebt securities(2)
20-30 25-35
Equity securities(2)
65-75 60-80
Real estate funds0-10 -0
Other0-5 0-5


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(1)PacifiCorp's retirement plan trust includes a separate account that is used to fund benefits for the other postretirement plan. In addition to this separate account, the assets for the other postretirement benefitsbenefit plans are held in two Voluntary Employers' BeneficiariesEmployees' Beneficiary Association ("VEBA") Trusts, each of which has its own investment allocation strategies. Target allocations for the other postretirement benefit plan include the separate account of the pensionretirement plan trust and the two VEBA trusts.
(2)For purposes of target allocation percentages and consistent with the plans' investment policy, investment funds have been allocated based on the underlying investments in fixed-incomedebt and equity securities.

Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents the fair value of plan assets, by major category, for the Company's defined benefit pension plans (in millions):
 
 
Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements(1)
  
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
As of December 31, 2010       
Cash equivalents$  $19  $  $19 
Fixed-income securities:  
 
    
United States government obligations29      29 
International government obligations  81 
 
  81 
Corporate obligations  77    77 
Municipal obligations  7    7 
Agency, asset and mortgage-backed obligations  78    78 
Equity securities:       
United States companies489      489 
International companies7 &n bsp;    7 
Investment funds(2)
182  436    618 
Limited partnership interests(3)
   84  84 
Real estate funds    17  17 
Total$707
$698$101$1,506As of December 31, 2009Cash equivalents$15$8$$23Fixed-income securities:United States government obligations2626International government obligations6565Corporate obligations9494Municipal obligations44Agency, asset and mortgage-backed obligations
8888Equity securities:United States companies413413International companies44
Investment funds(2)
95
415
510
Limited partnership interests(3)
8080Real estate funds1515Total$553$674$95$1,322
 
Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements(1)
  
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
As of December 31, 2011       
Cash equivalents$
 $18
 $
 $18
Debt securities:       
United States government obligations27
 
 
 27
International government obligations
 73
 
 73
Corporate obligations
 92
 
 92
Municipal obligations
 12
 
 12
Agency, asset and mortgage-backed obligations
 80
 
 80
Equity securities:       
United States companies481
 
 
 481
International companies7
 
 
 7
Investment funds(2)
180
 421
 
 601
Limited partnership interests(3)

 
 71
 71
Real estate funds
 
 24
 24
Total$695
 $696
 $95
 $1,486
        
As of December 31, 2010       
Cash equivalents$
 $19
 $
 $19
Debt securities:       
United States government obligations29
 
 
 29
International government obligations
 81
 
 81
Corporate obligations
 77
 
 77
Municipal obligations
 7
 
 7
Agency, asset and mortgage-backed obligations
 78
 
 78
Equity securities:       
United States companies489
 
 
 489
International companies7
 
 
 7
Investment funds(2)
182
 436
 
 618
Limited partnership interests(3)

 
 84
 84
Real estate funds
 
 17
 17
Total$707
 $698
 $101
 $1,506

(1)Refer to Note 6 for additional discussion regardin g the three levels of the fair value hierarchy.
(2)    
Investment funds are comprised of mutual funds and collective trust funds. These investment funds represent equity and fixed-income securities as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, of approximately 70% and 30% and 81% and 19%, respectively.
(3)    Limited partnership interests include several private equity funds that invest primarily in buyout, growth equity and venture capital.

120


The following table presents the fair value of plan assets, by major category, for the defined benefit other postretirement plans (in millions):
 
Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements(1)
  
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
As of December 31, 2010       
Cash equivalents$
8
  $1  $  $9 
Fixed-income securities:       
United States government obligations5      5 
International government obligations  7  &mdash ;  7 
Corporate obligations  16
 
   16 
Municipal obligations  28  &m dash;  28 
Agency, asset and mortgage-backed obligations  12
 
   12 
Equity securities:       
United States companies219      219 
International companies3  
 
   3 
Investment funds(2)
192  107    299 
Limited partnership interests(3)
    7  7 
Total$427  $
171
  $7  $605 
  
 
     
As of December 31, 2009     
 
 
Cash equivalents$14  $ 
 
$  $14 
Fixed-income securities:       
United States government obligations5      5 
International government obligations  6    6 
Corporate obligations
 
 15    15 
Municipal obligations
  27   
 
27 
Agency, asset and mortgage-backed obligations  11    11 
Equity securities:       
United States companies190      190 
International companies2      2 
Investment funds(2)
172  104    276 
Limited partnership interests(3)
 
   8  8 
Total$383  $163  $8  $554 
(1)    Refer to Note 6 for additional discussion regarding the three levels of the fair value hierarchy.
(2)
Investment funds are comprised of mutual funds and collective trust funds. These investment funds representconsist of equity and fix ed-incomedebt securities as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, of approximately 56%69% and 44%31%, respectively, for 2011 and 70% and 61%30%, respectively, for 2010. Additionally, these funds are invested in United States and international securities of approximately 66% and 39%34%, respectively.respectively, for 2011 and 62% and 38%, respectively, for 2010.
(3)Limited partnership interests include several private equity funds that invest primarily in buyout, growth equity and venture capital.



120



The following table presents the fair value of plan assets, by major category, for the Company's defined benefit other postretirement plans (in millions):
 
Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements(1)
  
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
As of December 31, 2011       
Cash equivalents$9
 $
 $
 $9
Debt securities:       
United States government obligations8
 
 
 8
International government obligations
 5
 
 5
Corporate obligations
 12
 
 12
Municipal obligations
 31
 
 31
Agency, asset and mortgage-backed obligations
 15
 
 15
Equity securities:       
United States companies219
 
 
 219
International companies2
 
 
 2
Investment funds(2)
196
 94
 
 290
Limited partnership interests(3)

 
 6
 6
Total$434
 $157
 $6
 $597
        
As of December 31, 2010       
Cash equivalents$8
 $1
 $
 $9
Debt securities:       
United States government obligations5
 
 
 5
International government obligations
 7
 
 7
Corporate obligations
 16
 
 16
Municipal obligations
 28
 
 28
Agency, asset and mortgage-backed obligations
 12
 
 12
Equity securities:       
United States companies219
 
 
 219
International companies3
 
 
 3
Investment funds(2)
192
 107
 
 299
Limited partnership interests(3)

 
 7
 7
Total$427
 $171
 $7
 $605

(1)Refer to Note 6 for additional discussion regarding the three levels of the fair value hierarchy.
(2)
Investment funds are comprised of mutual funds and collective trust funds. These funds consist of equity and debt securities of approximately 56% and 44%, respectively, for 2011 and 56% and 44%, respectively, for 2010. Additionally, these funds are invested in United States and international securities of approximately 67% and 33%, respectively, for both 2011 and 2010.
(3)Limited partnership interests include several funds that invest primarily in buyout, growth equity and venture capital.

When available, a readily observable quoted market price or net asset value of an identical security in an active market is used to record the fair value. In the absence of a quoted market price or net asset value of an identical security, the fair value is determined using pricing models or net asset values based on observable market inputs and quoted market prices of securities with similar characteristics. When observable market data is not available, , the fair value is determined using unobservable inputs, such as estimated future cash flows, purchase multiples paid in other comparable third-party transactions or other information. Investments in limited partnerships are valued at estimated fair value based on the Plan's proportionate share of the partnerships' fair value as recorded in the partnerships' most recently available financial statements adjusted for recent activity and forecasted returns. The fair values recorded in the partnerships' financial statements are generally determined based on closing public market prices for publicly traded securities and as determined by the general partners for other investments based on factors including estimated future cash flows, purchase multiples paid in other comparable third-party transactions, comparable public company trading multiples and other information. The real estate funds determine fair value of their underlying assets using independent appraisals given there is no current liquid market for th ethe underlying assets.

121




The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the Company's plan assets measured at fair value using significant Level 3 inputs for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
  Other
Pension Postretirement-  Other
Limited 
Real
 LimitedPension Postretirement-
Partnership Estate Partnersh ipLimited Real Limited
Interests Funds InterestsPartnership Estate Partnership
     Interests Funds Interests
Balance, January 1, 2009$78  $27  $7 
     
Balance, December 31, 2008$78
 $27
 $7
Actual return on plan assets still held at December 31, 20095  (9) 1 5
 (9) 1
Purchases, sales, distributions and settlements(3) (3)  (3) (3) 
Balance, December 31, 200980  15  8 80
 15
 8
Actual return on plan assets still held at December 31, 201010  2   10
 2
 
Purchases, sales, distributions and settlements(6)   (1)(6) 
 (1)
Balance, December 31, 2010$84  $17  $7 84
 17
 7
Actual return on plan assets still held at December 31, 20117
 4
 1
Purchases, sales, distributions and settlements(20) 3
 (2)
Balance, December 31, 2011$71
 $24
 $6

Defined Contribution Plans

The Company sponsors defined contribution plans (401(k) plans) covering substantia llysubstantially all employees. The Company's contributions vary depending on the plan, but are based primarily on each participant's level of contribution and cannot exceed the maximum allowable for tax purposes. Total CompanyThe Company's contributions to these plans were $60 million, $57 million $56 million and $41$56 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 2009 and 2008,2009, respectively. As previously described, certain participants now receive enhanced benefits in the 401(k) plans and no longer accrue benefits in the noncontributory defined benefit pension plans.

United KingdomForeign Operations

Defined Benefit Plan

Certain wholly-owned subsidiaries of CE Electric UKNorthern Powergrid Holdings participate in the Northern Electric group of the United Kingdom industry-wide Electricity Supply Pension Scheme (the "UK Plan"), which provides pension and other related defined benefits, based on final pensionable pay, to the majority of the employees of CE Electric UK.Northern Powergrid Holdings. The UK Plan is closed to employees hired after July 23, 1997. Employees hired after that date are covered by defined contribution plans sponsored by certain wholly-owned subsidiaries of Northern Powergrid Holdings.

Net Periodic Benefit Cost

For purposes of calculating the expected return on pension plan assets, a market-related value is used. The market-related value of plan assets is calculated by spreading the difference between expected and actual investment returns over a five-year period beginning after the first year in which they occur.

Net periodic benefit cost for the UK Plan included the following components for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
201020092008
Service cost$15$13$21
Interest cost898498
Expected return on plan assets(102)(104)(118)
Net amortization301321
Net periodic benefit cost$32$6$22
 2011 2010 2009
      
Service cost$19
 $15
 $13
Interest cost92
 89
 84
Expected return on plan assets(115) (102) (104)
Net amortization37
 30
 13
Net periodic benefit cost$33
 $32
 $6

122




Funded Status

The following table is a reconciliation of the fair value of plan assets for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 2010 2009
    
Plan assets at fair value, beginning of year$1,523  $1,172 
Employer contributions68  
69Participant contributions55Actual return on plan assets156215Benefits paid(68)(68)Foreign currency exchange rate changes(51)130Plan assets at fair value, end of year$1,633$1,523
 2011 2010
    
Plan assets at fair value, beginning of year$1,633
 $1,523
Employer contributions79
 68
Participant contributions4
 5
Actual return on plan assets141
 156
Benefits paid(85) (68)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes(13) (51)
Plan assets at fair value, end of year$1,759
 $1,633

The following table is a reconciliation of the be nefitbenefit obligation for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
2010 20092011 2010
      
Benefit obligation, beginning of year$1,651  $1,25 1 $1,655
 $1,651
Service cost15  13 19
 15
Interest cost89  84 92
 89
Participant contributions5  5 4
 5
Actuarial gain19  228 
Actuarial loss101
 19
Benefits paid(68) (68)(85) (68)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes(56) 138 (13) (56)
Benefit obligation, end of year$1,655  $1,651 $1,773
 $1,655
Accumulated benefit obligation, end of year$1,557  $1,506 $1,587
 $1,557

The funded status of the UK Plan and the amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31 are as follows (i n(in millions):
 2010 2009
    
Plan assets at fair value, end of year$1,633
$1,523Less - Benefit obligation, end of year1,6551,651Funded status$(22)$(128)Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets-other long-term liabilities$(22)$(128)
 2011 2010
    
Plan assets at fair value, end of year$1,759
 $1,633
Less - Benefit obligation, end of year1,773
 1,655
Funded status$(14) $(22)
    
Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets-other long-term liabilities$(14) $(22)

Unrecognized Amounts

The portion of the funded status of the UK Plan not yet recognized in net periodic benefit cost as of December 31 is as follows (in millions):
2010 20092011 2010
      
Net loss$619  $703 $653
 $619
Prior service cost5  6 3
 5
Total$624  $709 $656
 $624


123



A reconciliation of the amounts not yet recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost, which are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)loss on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, for the years ended December 31 is as follows (in millions):
2010 20092011 2010
      
Balance, beginning of year$709  $554 $624
 $709
Net (gain) loss arising during the year(35) 117 
Net loss (gain) arising during the year74
 (35)
Net amortization(30) (13)(37) (30)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes(20)
 
51 (5) (20)
Total(85) 155 32
 (85)
Balance, end of year$624  $709 $656
 $624

The net loss and prior service cost that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)loss in 20112012 into net periodic benefit cost are estimated to be $35$54 million and $1 million, respectively.

Plan Assumptions
Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31 and net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
2010 2009 20082011 2010 2009
          
Benefit obligations as of December 31:          
Discount rate5.50% 5.70% 6.40%4.80% 5.50% 5.70%
Rate of compensation increase3.20% 2.75% 3.25%2.80% 3.20% 2.75%
Rate of future price inflation
3.20
% 3.20% 3.00%2.80% 3.20% 3.20%
          
Net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31:          
Discount rate5.70% 6.40% 5.90%5.50% 5.70% 6.40%
Expected return on plan assets
6.60
% 7.00% 7.00%6.80% 6.60% 7.00%
Rate of compensation increase2.75% 3.25% 3.45%3.20% 2.75% 3.25%
Rate of future price inflation3.20% 3.00% 3.20%3.20% 3.20% 3.00%

Contributions and Benefit Payments

Employer contributions to the UK Plan are expected to be £44£50 million during 2011.2012. The expected benefit payments to participants in the UK Plan for 20112012 through 20152016 and for the five years thereafter, using the foreign currency exchange rate as of December 31, 2010,2011, are summarized below (in millions):
2011$70 
201272 $81
201374 83
201476 85
201578 87
2016-2020424 
201689
2017-2021478


124



Plan Assets

Investment Policy and Asset Allocations

CE Electric UK'sThe investment policy for the UK Plan is to balance risk and return through a diversified portfolio of fixed-incomedebt securities, equity securities and real estate. Maturities for fixed-incomedebt securities are managed to targets consistent with prudent risk tolerances. The UK Plan retains outside investment advisors to manage plan investments within the parameters set by the trustees of the UK Plan in consultation with CE Electric UK.Northern Powergrid Holdings. The investment portfolio is managed in line with the investment policy with sufficient liquidity to meet near-term benefit payments. The return on assets assumption is based on a weighted averageweighted-average of the expected historical performance for the types of assets in which the UK Plan invests.

The target allocations (percentage of plan assets) for the UK Plan assets are as follows as of December 31, 2010:2011:
Fixed-income
Debt securities(1)
55%
Equity securities(1)
35
Real estate funds10

(1)For purposes of target allocation percentages and consistent with the plans' investment policy, investment funds have been allocated based on the underlying investments in debt and equity securities.

Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents the fair value of the UK Plan assets, by major category, (in millions):
Input Levels for Fair Value Measureme nts(1)
  
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements(1)
  
As of December 31, 2010       
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
As of December 31, 2011       
Cash equivalents$11  $  $  $11 $9
 $
 $
 $9
Fixed-income securities:       
Debt securities:       
United Kingdom government obligations298      298 360
 
 
 360
Other international government obligations  14    14 
 26
 
 26
Corporate obligations  122    122 
 139
 
 139
Investment funds(2)
90  950    1,040 93
 974
 
 1,067
Real estate funds    148  148 
 
 158
 158
Total$399  $1,086  $148  $1,633 $462
 $1,139
 $158
 $1,759
 &nbs p;   
 
        
As of December 31, 2009       
As of December 31, 2010       
Cash equivalents$13  $  $  $13 $11
 $
 $
 $11
Fixed-income securities:       
Debt securities:       
United Kingdom government obligations257   
 
  257 298
 
 
 298
Other international government obligations & nbsp;13    13 
 14
 
 14
Corporate obligations  147    147 
 122
 
 122
Investment funds(2)
79  881  
 
 960 90
 950
 
 1,040
Real estate funds    133  133 
 
 148
 148
Total$349  $1,041  $133  $1,523 $399
 $1,086
 $148
 $1,633

(1)Refer to Note 6 for additional discussion regarding the three levels of the fair value hierarchy.
(2)
Investment funds are comprised of mutual funds and collective trust funds. These investment funds representconsist of equity and fixed-incomedebt securities as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, of approximately45% and 55%, respectively, for 2011 and 52% and 48% and 58% and 42%, respectively.respectively, for 2010.

The fair value of the UK Plan's assets are determined similar to the plan assets of the domestic plans as discussed previously in the note.


125



The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the UK Plan assets measured at fair value using significant Level 3 inputs for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
Real Estate FundsReal Estate Funds
2010 20092011 2010 2009
       
Beginning balance$133  $116 $148
 $133
 $116
Actual return on plan assets still held at period end19  6 11
 19
 6
Foreign currency exchange rate changes(4) 11 (1) (4) 11
Ending balance$148  $133 $158
 $148
 $133

(15)    Income Taxes

Income tax expense consists of the following for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
2010 2009 20082011 2010 2009
Current:          
Federal$
(822
) $(648) $63 $(820) $(822) $(648)
State40  
(36
) 74 9
 40
 (36)
Foreign126  102  79 168
 126
 102
&nbs p;(656) (582) 216 
(643) (656) (582)
Deferred:          
Federal940  842  681 1,012
 940
 842
State(34) 13  45 (11) (34) 13
Foreign(46) 15  46 (59) (46) 15
860 &nb sp;870  772 942
 860
 870
          
Investment tax credits(6) (6) (6)(5) (6) (6)
Total$198  $282  $982 $294
 $198
 $282

A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rate applicable to income before income tax expense is as follows for the years ended December 31:
2010 2009 20082011 2010 2009
          
Federal statutory income tax rate35 % 35 % 35 %35 % 35 % 35 %
Federal and state income tax credits(10) (9)  ;(3)(11) (10) (9)
State income tax, net of federal income tax benefit3
 
 2  3 2
 3
 2
Income tax method changes(4) (4) & mdash; (2) (4) (4)
Income tax effect of foreign income(4) (2)  (2) (4) (2)
Effects of ratemaking(3) (2)  (1) (3) (2)
Change in United Kingdom corporate income tax rate(2)    (3) (2) 
Other, net(1)    
 (1) 
Effective income tax rate14 % 20 % 35 %18 % 14 % 20 %

Federal and state income tax credits primarily relate to production tax credits at the Utilities. The Utilities' wind-powered generating facilities are eligible for federal renewable electricity production tax credits for 10 years from the d ate thatdate the facilities were placed in-service.in service.


126



In 2009 and 2010, MidAmerican Energy changed the method by which it determines current income tax deductions for administrative and general costs ("A&G Deduction"). The and the Utilities changed the method by which they determine current income tax deductions for repair costs ("Repairs Deduction") related to certain of their regulated utility assets. These changes result in current deductibility for tho sethose costs, which are capitalized for book purposes. The Utilities were allowed to retroactively apply the method changes and deduct amounts related to prior-years'prior years' costs on the tax return that includes the year of change. State utility rate regulation in Iowa requires that the tax effect of certain temporary differences be flowed through immediately to customers. Therefore, amounts that would otherwise have been recognized in income tax expense have been included as changes in regulatory assets. This treatment of such temporary differences impacts income tax expense and effective tax rates from year to year.

Accordingly, MidAmerican Energy's A&G Deduction computed for tax years prior to 2010 resulted in the recognition of $44 million of net tax benefits in earnings for the year ended December 31, 2010. Additionally, earnings for the year ended December 31, 2010 reflect $17 million of net tax benefits recognized in connection with the Repairs Deduction for tax years prior to 2010 related to MidAmerica nMidAmerican Energy's regulated natural gas utility assets and jointly owned regulated electric assets for which data was not available in 2009.utility assets. The Repairs Deduction for prior tax years related to the majority of MidAmerican Energy's regulated electric utility assets resulted in the recognition of $55 million of net tax benefits in earnings for the year ended December 31, 2009. Additionally, regulatory assets increased $88 million and $95 million for the 2010 and 2009 methodsmethod changes, respectively, in recognition of MidAmerican Energy's ability to recover increased tax expense when such temporary differences reverse.

In 2011, MidAmerican Energy recognized $35 million of net tax benefits in conjunction with the partial resolution of certain tax issues related to tax positions taken for these income tax method changes. The ongoing impact of these method changes, along with other items recognized currently in income tax expense as the result of ratemaking, is reflected in the effects of ratemaking line above.

In July 2011, the Company recognized $40 million of deferred income tax benefits upon the enactment of a reduction in the United Kingdom corporate income tax rate from 27% to 26% effective April 1, 2011, and a further reduction to 25% effective April 1, 2012. In July 2010, the Company recognized $25 million of deferred income tax benefits upon the enactment of the reduction in the United Kingdom corporate income tax rate from 28% to 27% to be effective April 1, 2011.


127



The net deferred income tax liability consists of the following as of December 31 (in millions):
 2010 2009
Deferred income tax assets:   
Regulatory liabilities$685 
 
$638 
Employee benefits
269
  400 
Foreign carryforwards
285  390 
Federal and state carryforwards248  179 
AROs153  150 
Revenue subject to refund  17 
Nuclear reserve and decommissioning7  7 
Other392  346 
Total deferred income tax assets2,039  2,127 
Valuation allowance(13) (9)
Total deferred income tax assets, net2,026  2,118 
    
Deferred income tax liabilities:   
Property, plant and equipment, net(5,962) (5,288)
Regulatory assets(1)
(1,717) (1,402)
Net unrealized gains(240) (568)
Unremitted foreign earnings(255
)(385)Other(90)(57)Total deferred income tax liabilities(8,264)(7,700)Net deferred income tax liability$(6,238)$(5,582)
Reflected as:Current assets$103$81Current liabilities(43)(59)Non-current liabilities(6,298)(5,604)$(6,238)$(5,582)
 2011 2010
Deferred income tax assets:   
Regulatory liabilities$716
 $685
State and federal carryforwards314
 248
Employee benefits311
 269
AROs179
 153
Foreign carryforwards152
 293
Derivative contracts175
 226
Other414
 294
Total deferred income tax assets2,261
 2,168
Valuation allowances(14) (13)
Total deferred income tax assets, net2,247
 2,155
    
Deferred income tax liabilities:   
Property related items(7,638) (6,672)
Regulatory assets(1,119) (917)
Investments(177) (427)
Other(254) (377)
Total deferred income tax liabilities(9,188) (8,393)
Net deferred income tax liability$(6,941) $(6,238)
    
Reflected as:   
Current assets$149
 $103
Current liabilities(14) (43)
Non-current liabilities(7,076) (6,298)
 $(6,941) $(6,238)

127


(1)    Includes $650 million and $497 million of deferred tax liabilities associated with property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, for which the income tax benefits were previously flowed through to customers and that will be included in regulated rates when the temporary differences reverse.
As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Company has available $266state carryforwards, principally for net operating losses, totaling $277 million and federal carryforwards totaling $37 million, which expire at various intervals between 2012 and 2031. As of December 31, 2011, the Company has available $152 million of foreign carryforwards, principally foreign tax credit carryforwards that expire 10 years after the date the foreign earnings are repatriated through actual or deemed dividends and $19 million of foreign net operating loss carryforwards that expire in 2028. As of December 31, 2010,2011, the statute of limit ationlimitation had not begun on the foreign tax credit carryforwards. As of December 31, 2010, the Company has available $248 million of federal and state carryforwards, principally for net operating losses, that expire at various intervals between 2011 and 2030.

The United States Internal Revenue Service has closed examination of the Company's income tax returns through February 2006. In the United Kingdom, each legal entity is subject to examination by HM Revenue and Customs ("HMRC"), the United Kingdom equivalent of the United States Internal Revenue Service. HMRC has closed examination of the Company's income tax re turnsreturns through 2008. In addition, state jurisdictions have closed examination of the Company's income tax returns through at least 2003,February 9, 2006, except for PacifiCorp where the examinations have been closed through 1993 in most cases. The Company's income tax returns in the Philippines, the most significant other foreign jurisdiction, have been closed through at least 2005.


128



A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Company's net unrecognized tax benefits is as follows for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 2011 2010
    
Beginning balance$308
 $273
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year15
 3
Additions for tax positions of prior years15
 62
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(58) (19)
Statute of limitations(12) (14)
Settlements
 (4)
Interest and penalties(3) 7
Ending balance$265
 $308

As of December 31, 20102011 and 2009, net2010, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits totaledtotaling $308156 million and $273189 million, re spectively, which included $189 million and $139 million, respectively, of tax positions that, if recognized, would have an impact on the effective tax rate. The remaining unrecognized tax benefits relate to tax positions for which ultimate deductibility is highly certain but for which there is uncertainty as to the timing of such deductibility. Recognition of these tax benefits, other than applicable interest and penalties, would not affect the Company's effective tax rate. The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the Company's net unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31 (in millions):

 2010 2009
  
 
 
Beginning balance$273  $169 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year3  
24
 
Additions for tax positions of prior years62  89 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(19) (12)
Statute of limitations
(14) (19)
Settlements(4) 5 
Interest and penalties7  17 
Ending balance$308  $273 

128


(16)    Commitments and Contingencies

Legal MattersCommitments

The Company is party to a variety of legal actions arising out of the normal course of busine ss. Plaintiffs occasionally seek punitive or exemplary damages. The Company does not believe that such normal and routine litigation will have a material impact on its consolidated financial results. The Company is also involved in other kinds of legal actions, some of which assert or may assert claims or seek to impose fines, penalties and other costs in substantial amounts and are described below.
CalEnergy Philippines
In February 2002, pursuant to the share ownership adjustment mechanis m in the CE Casecnan Water and Energy Company, Inc. ("CE Casecnan") shareholder agreement, MEHC's indirect wholly owned subsidiary, CE Casecnan Ltd., advised the minority shareholder of CE Casecnan, LaPrairie Group Contractors (International) Ltd. ("LPG"), that MEHC's indirect ownership interest in CE Casecnan had increased to 100% effective from commencement of commercial operations. In 2002, LPG filed a complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California, City and County of San Francisco (the "Superior Court"), against CE Casecnan Ltd. and MEHC. In November 2010, following a series of Superior Court decisions, CE Casecnan Ltd., MEHC and LPG agreed to a settlement of all issues arising out of the litigation. The settlement resulted in LPG having a 15% ownership interest in CE Casecnan and had no material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
&nb sp;
In July 2005, MEHC and CE Casecnan Ltd. commenced an action against San Lorenzo Ruiz Builders and Developers Group, Inc. ("San Lorenzo") in the District Court of Douglas County, Nebraska (the "District Court"), seeking a declaratory judgment as to San Lorenzo's right to repurchase up to 15% of the shares in CE Casecnan. In January 2006, San Lorenzo filed a counterclaim against MEHC and CE Casecnan Ltd. seeking declaratory relief that it had effectively exercised its option to purchase up to 15% of the shares of CE Casecnan, that it was the rightful owner of such shares and that it was due all dividends previously paid on such shares. In March 2010, a directed verdict was issued in favor of San Lorenzo. In November 2010, CE Casecnan Ltd., MEHC and San Lorenzo agreed to a settlement of all issues arising out of the litigation and executed a Purcha se Agreement and Release whereby, among other items, MEHC purchased San Lorenzo's ownership rights. The Purchase Agreement and Release resulted in (a) San Lorenzo having no ownership interest in CE Casecnan; (b) a $54 million pre-tax ($38 million after-tax) charge to net income attributable to MEHC; and (c) a $20 million pre-tax ($13 million after-tax) reduction in MEHC shareholders' equity.
Environmental Laws and Regulations
The Company is subject to federal, state, local and foreign law s and regulations regarding air and water quality, renewable portfolio standards, emissions performance standards, climate change, coal combustion byproducts, hazardous and solid waste disposal, protected species and other environmental matters that have the potential to impact the Company's current and future operations. The Company believes it is in material compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.
Hydroelectric Relicensing
PacifiCorp's hydroelectric portfolio consists of 46&n bsp;generating facilities with an aggregate facility net owned capacity of 1,157 megawatts ("MW"). The FERC regulates 98% of the net capacity of this portfolio through 16 individual licenses, which typically have terms of 30 to 50 years. PacifiCorp expects to incur ongoing operating and maintenance expense and capital expenditures associated with the terms of its renewed hydroelectric licenses and settlement agreements, including natural resource enhancements. PacifiCorp's Klamath hydroelectric system is currently operating under annual licenses. Substantially all of PacifiCorp's remaining hydroelectric generating facilities are operating under licenses that expire between 2030 and 2058.
In February 2010, PacifiCorp, the United States Department o f the Interior, the United States Department of Commerce, the State of California, the State of Oregon and various other governmental and non-governmental settlement parties signed the Klamath Hydroelectric Settlement Agreement ("KHSA"). Among other things, the KHSA provides that the United States Department of the Interior conduct scientific and engineering studies to assess by March 31, 2012 whether removal of the Klamath hydroelectric system's four mainstem dams is in the public interest and will advance the Klamath Basin's salmonid fisheries. If it is determined that dam removal should proceed, dam removal is expected to commence no earlier than 2020.

129


Under the KHSA, PacifiCorp and its customers are protected from uncapped dam removal costs and liabilities. For dam removal to occur, federal legislation consistent with the KHSA must be enacted to provide, among other things, protection for PacifiCorp from all liabilities associated with dam removal activities. If Congress does not enact legislation, then PacifiCorp will resume relicensing at the FERC. In addition, the KHSA limits PacifiCorp's contribution to dam removal costs to no more than $200 million, of which up to $184 million would be collected from PacifiCorp's Oregon customers with the remainder to be collected from PacifiCorp's California customers. An additional $250 million for dam removal costs is expected to be raised through a California bond meas ure or other appropriate State of California financing mechanism. If dam removal costs exceed $200 million and if the State of California is unable to raise the additional funds necessary for dam removal costs, sufficient funds would need to be provided by an entity other than PacifiCorp in order for the KHSA and dam removal to proceed.
PacifiCorp has begun collection of surcharges from Oregon customers for their share of dam removal costs, as approved by the OPUC, and is depositing the proceeds in a trust account maintained by the OPUC. The California Public Utilities Commission issued a proposed decision in February 2011 with similar provisions for California customers and a final order is pending.
Purchase Obligations
The Company has the following purchase obligationsfirm commitments that are not reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Minimum payments as of December 31, 20102011 are as follows (in millions):
            2016 and  
  2011 2012 2013 
2014
 2015 
Thereafter
 Total
Contract type:         
 
    
Coal, electricity and natural gas              
contract commitmen ts $1,415  $1,100  $934  $799  $619  $
4,014$8,881Construction obligations53511468899
37
1,392Operating leases and easements8267513829285552Maintenance, service andother commitments7035322721153338$2,102$1,316$1,705$873$678$4,489$11,163
            2017 and  
  2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Thereafter Total
Contract type:              
Coal, electricity and natural gas contract commitments $1,389
 $1,061
 $897
 $712
 $549
 $3,621
 $8,229
Construction commitments 757
 380
 86
 434
 8
 52
 1,717
Operating leases and easements 89
 75
 52
 42
 29
 366
 653
Maintenance, service and other contracts 73
 50
 45
 29
 22
 142
 361
  $2,308
 $1,566
 $1,080
 $1,217
 $608
 $4,181
 $10,960

Coal, Electricity and Natural Gas Contract Commitments

The Utilities have fuel supply and related transportation and lime contracts for their coal-firedcoal-fueled and natural gas generating facilities. The Utilities expect to supplement these contracts with additional contracts and spot market purchases to fulfill their future fossil fuel needs. The Utilities acquire a portion of their electricity through long-term purchases and exchange agreements. The Utilities have several power purchase agreements with wind-powered and other generating facilities that are not included in the table above as the payments are based on the amount of energy generated and there are no minimum payments. Included in the purchased electricity payments are any power p urchasepurchase agreements that meet the definition of an operating lease.


129



Construction ObligationsCommitments

The Company has significant future capital requirements for its ongoingCompany's firm construction program. Through its operating subsidiaries, the Company has approved plans for future capital expenditures to develop incremental generating capacity, foster the use of renewable resources, enhance transmission capabilities and mitigate environmental impacts through the installation of emission red uction technology, in addition to its ongoing operational construction program. Capital expenditure needs are reviewed regularly by management and may change significantly as a result of such reviews. Estimates may change significantly at any time as a result of, among other factors, changes in rules and regulations, including environmental and nuclear; changes in income tax laws; general business conditions; load projections; system reliability standards; the cost and efficiency of construction labor, equipment, and materials; and the cost and availability of capital. The amounts includedcommitments reflected in the table relate to firm commitments. Theabove include the following discussion describes the Company's overall commitments and includes amounts that the Company is not yet firmly committed through a purchase order or other agreement.major construction projects:

130


As part of the March 2006 acquisition of PacifiCorp, MEHC and PacifiCorp made a number of commitmentscommitment to the state regulatory commissions in all six states in which PacifiCorp has retail customers. These commitments are generally being implemented over several years followingcustomers to invest in certain transmission and distribution system projects that would enhance reliability, facilitate the acquisitionreceipt of renewable resources and are subject to subsequent regulatory review and approval.enable further system optimization. As of December 31, 2010,2011, PacifiCorp had two remaining capital projects to complete associated with this commitment: (a) the status100-mile high-voltage transmission line being built between the Mona substation in central Utah and the Oquirrh substation in the Salt Lake Valley that is expected to be placed in service in 2013 and (b) another segment of the key financial commitments was as follows:
•    Invest approximately $812 million in emissions reduction technology for PacifiCorp's existing coal-fired generating facilities. Through December 31, 2010, PacifiCorp had spent a total of $1.2 billion, including non-cash equity AFUDC, on these emissions reduction projects. In June 2010, PacifiCorp filed notification of its completion of this commitment with the applicable state regulatory commissions.
•    Invest in certain transmission and distribution system projects that would enhance reliability, facilitate the receipt of renewable resources and enable further system optimization in an amount that was originally estimated to be approximately $520 million at the date of the acquisition. Through December 31, 2010, PacifiCorp had spent a total of $958 million in capital expenditures, including non-cash equity AFUDC, which was in excess of the original estimate due to the evolving nature of the projects agreed to in the commitment. This amount includes costs for the transmission expansion program discussed below.
The Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Program that is expected to be placed in service prior to 2021, depending on siting, permitting and construction schedules.
PacifiCorp is constructing the 637-megawatt Lake Side 2 combined-cycle combustion turbine natural gas-fueled generating facility ("Lake Side 2"), which beganis expected to be placed in 2007, represents a plan to build approximately 2,000 miles of new high-voltage transmission lines, with an estimated cost exceeding $6 billion, primarilyservice in Wyoming, Utah, Idaho and Oregon. The plan includes several transmission line segments that will: (a) address customer load growth; (b) improve system reliability; (c) reduce transmission system constraints; (d) provide access to diverse generation resources, including renewable resources; and (e) improve the flow of electricity throughout PacifiCorp's six-state service area.
2014.
MidAmerican Energy is constructing 593 MW407 megawatts ("MW") of wind-powere dwind-powered generation that it expects to place in service in 2011. Total costs2012.
MidAmerican Energy has contracts for these projects, excluding non-cash equity AFUDC, are estimatedthe construction of emissions control equipment at two of its jointly owned generating facilities to be $1.0 billion, withaddress air quality requirements. MidAmerican Energy's share of the payment of approximately half of those costs deferred until lateresulting firm commitments is reflected in 2013.the table above.

Operating Leases and Easements

The Company has non-cancelable operating leases primarily for office equipment, office space, certain operating facilities, land and rail cars. These leases generally require the Company to pay for insurance, taxes and m aintenancemaintenance applicable to the leased property. Certain leases contain renewal options for varying periods and escalation clauses for adjusting rent to reflect changes in price indices. The Company also has non-cancelable easements for land on which its wind-powered generating facilities are located. Rent expense on non-cancelable operating leases totaled $88101 million for 2010,2011, $88 million for 20092010 and $10588 million for 2008.2009.

Maintenance, Service and Other CommitmentsContracts

The Company has various non-cancelable maintenance, service and other commitmentscontracts primarily related to turbine and equipment maintenance and various other service agreements.
 
Environmental Laws and Regulations

The Company is subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations regarding air and water quality, renewable portfolio standards, emissions performance standards, climate change, coal combustion byproduct disposal, hazardous and solid waste disposal, protected species and other environmental matters that have the potential to impact the Company's current and future operations. The Company believes it is in material compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.

Hydroelectric Relicensing

PacifiCorp's hydroelectric portfolio consists of 44 generating facilities with an aggregate facility net owned capacity of 1,145 MW. The FERC regulates 98% of the net capacity of this portfolio through 15 individual licenses, which have terms of 30 to 50 years. PacifiCorp expects to incur ongoing operating and maintenance expense and capital expenditures associated with the terms of its renewed hydroelectric licenses and settlement agreements, including natural resource enhancements. PacifiCorp's Klamath hydroelectric system is currently operating under annual licenses. Substantially all of PacifiCorp's remaining hydroelectric generating facilities are operating under licenses that expire between 2030 and 2058.

In February 2010, PacifiCorp, the United States Department of the Interior, the United States Department of Commerce, the State of California, the State of Oregon and various other governmental and non-governmental settlement parties signed the Klamath Hydroelectric Settlement Agreement ("KHSA"). Among other things, the KHSA provides that the United States Department of the Interior conduct scientific and engineering studies to assess whether removal of the Klamath hydroelectric system's four mainstem dams is in the public interest and will advance restoration of the Klamath Basin's salmonid fisheries. If it is determined that dam removal should proceed, dam removal is expected to commence no earlier than 2020.


130



Under the KHSA, PacifiCorp and its customers are protected from uncapped dam removal costs and liabilities. For dam removal to occur, federal legislation consistent with the KHSA must be enacted to provide, among other things, protection for PacifiCorp from all liabilities associated with dam removal activities. If Congress does not enact legislation, then PacifiCorp will resume relicensing at the FERC. In November 2011, bills were introduced in both chambers of the United States Congress that, if passed, would enact the KHSA and a companion agreement that seeks to resolve other water-related conflicts and restore habitat in the Klamath basin. PacifiCorp expects that congressional hearings on the legislation may begin in early 2012.

In addition, the KHSA limits PacifiCorp's contribution to dam removal costs to no more than $200 million, of which up to $184 million would be collected from PacifiCorp's Oregon customers with the remainder to be collected from PacifiCorp's California customers. An additional $250 million for dam removal costs is expected to be raised through a California bond measure or other appropriate State of California financing mechanism. If dam removal costs exceed $200 million and if the State of California is unable to raise the additional funds necessary for dam removal costs, sufficient funds would need to be provided by an entity other than PacifiCorp in order for the KHSA and dam removal to proceed.

PacifiCorp has begun collection of surcharges from Oregon customers for their share of dam removal costs, as approved by the Oregon Public Utility Commission ("OPUC"), and is depositing the proceeds in a trust account maintained by the OPUC. PacifiCorp will begin collection of surcharges from California customers for their share of dam removal costs, as approved by the California Public Utilities Commission ("CPUC"), upon the establishment of two trust accounts. In January 2012, the CPUC notified PacifiCorp that the necessary trust accounts had been established to allow PacifiCorp to begin collecting the dam removal surcharge from California customers. PacifiCorp is authorized to collect the surcharge over the next nine years.

As of December 31, 2011, PacifiCorp's property, plant and equipment, net included $124 million of costs associated with the Klamath hydroelectric system's four mainstem dams and the associated relicensing and settlement costs. PacifiCorp has received approvals from the OPUC, the CPUC and the Wyoming Public Service Commission to depreciate the Klamath hydroelectric system's four mainstem dams and the associated relicensing and settlement costs through the expected dam removal date. The depreciation rate changes were effective January 1, 2011 and will allow for full depreciation of the assets by December 2019 for those jurisdictions. PacifiCorp filed for consistent ratemaking treatment in the last Idaho general rate case, which was settled in January 2012. PacifiCorp expects to seek similar approval in Washington. As part of the July 2011 Utah general rate case settlement that was approved by the Utah Public Service Commission in August 2011, PacifiCorp and the other parties to the settlement agreed to defer a decision regarding the acceleration of the depreciation rates for the Klamath hydroelectric system's four mainstem dams to a future rate proceeding, at which time Utah's $34 million share of associated relicensing and settlement costs would be addressed.

Legal Matters

The Company is party to a variety of legal actions arising out of the normal course of business. Plaintiffs occasionally seek punitive or exemplary damages. The Company does not believe that such normal and routine litigation will have a material impact on its consolidated financial results.

Guarantees

The Company has entered into guarantees as part of the normal course of business and the sale of certain assets. These guarantees are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial results.

(17)MEHC Shareholders' Equity
(17)MEHC Shareholders' Equity

Common Stock

On March 14, 2000, and as amended on December 7, 2005, MEHC's shareholders entered into a Shareholder Agreement that provides specific rights to certain shareholders. One of these rights allows certain shareholders the ability to put their common shares back to MEHC at the then current fair value dependent on certain circumstances controlled by MEHC.

In March 2010, MEHC purchased 250,000 shares of common stock for $225 per share, or $56 million, from Mr. Scott (along with family members and related entities).


131



Common Stock Options
During 2009, 703,329 common stock options were exercised having an exercise price of $35.05 per share, or $25 million. Also in 2009, MEHC purchased the shares issued from the options exercised for $148 million. As a result, the Company recognized $125 million of stock-based compensation expense, including the Company's share of payroll taxes, for the year ended December 31, 2009, which is included in operating expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of December 31, 2009, there are no common stock options outstanding.
There were no common stock options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2008. There were 703,329 common stock options outstanding and exercisable with an exercise price of $35.05 per share and a remaining contractual life of 1.25 years as of December 31, 2008.

Restricted Net Assets

In connection with the 2006 acquisition of PacifiCorp by MEHC, MEHC and PacifiCorp have made commitments to the state commissions that limit the dividends PacifiCorp can pay to either MEHC or MEHC's wholly owned subsidiary, PPW Holdings LLC. As of December 31, 2010,2011, the most restrictive of these commitments prohibits PacifiCorp from making any distribution to MEHCPPW Holdings LLC or its affiliatesMEHC without prior state regulatory approval to the extent that it would reduce PacifiCorp's common stock equity below 46.25%44% of its total capitalization, excluding short-term debt and cu rrentcurrent maturities of long-term debt. This minimum level of common equity declines to 45.25% for the year ending December 31, 2011 and 44% thereafter. The terms of this commitment treat 50% of PacifiCorp's remaining balance of preferred stock in existence prior to the acquisition of PacifiCorp by MEHC as common equity. As of December 31, 2010,2011, PacifiCorp's actual common stock equity percentage, as calculated under this measure, exceeded the minimum threshold.

These commitments also restrict PacifiCorp from making any distributions to either MEHC or MEHC's wholly owned subsidiary, PPW Holdings LLC or MEHC, if PacifiCorp's unsecured debt rating is BBB- or lower by Standard & Poor's Rating Services or Fitch Ratings or Baa3 or lower by Moody's Investor Service, as in dicatedindicated by two of the three rating services. As of December 31, 2010,2011, PacifiCorp's unsecured debt rating was A- by Standard & Poor's Rating Services, BBB+ by Fitch Ratings and Baa1 by Moody's Investor Service.

In conjunction with the March 1999 acquisition of MidAmerican Energy by MEHC, MidAmerican Energy committed to the IUB to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain an investment grade rating on its long-term debt and to maintain its common equity level above 42% of total capitalization unless circumstances beyond its control result in the common equity level decreasing to below 39% of total capitalization. MidAmerican Energy must seek the approval from the IUB of a reasonable utility capital structure if MidAmerican Energy's common equity lev ellevel decreases below 42% of total capitalization, unless the decrease is beyond the control of MidAmerican Energy. MidAmerican Energy is also required to seek the approval of the IUB if MidAmerican Energy's common equity level decreases to below 39%, even if the decrease is due to circumstances beyond the control of MidAmerican Energy. As of December 31, 2010,2011, MidAmerican Energy's common equity ratio exceeded the minimum threshold computed on a basis consistent with its commitment.

As a result of these regulatory commitments, MEHC had restricted net assets of $7.045$7.346 billion as of December 31, 2010.

132


(18)2011Preferred Securities of Subsidiaries.

(18)Preferred Securities of Subsidiaries

The total outstanding preferred stock of PacifiCorp, which does n otnot have mandatory redemption requirements, is $41 million as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, is included in noncontrolling interests on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and accrues annual dividends at varying rates between 4.52% to 7.0%. Generally, this preferred stock is redeemable at stipulated prices plus accrued dividends, subject to certain restrictions. In the event of voluntary liquidation, all preferred stock is entitled to stated value or a specified preference amount per share plus accrued dividends. Upon involuntary liquidation, all preferred stock is entitled to stated value plus accrued dividends. Dividends on all preferred stock are cumulative. Holders also have the right to elect members to the PacifiCorp boardBoard of directorsDirectors in the event dividends payable are in default in an amount equal to four full quarterly payments.

The total outstanding cumulative preferred securities of MidAmerican Energy are not subject to mandatory redemption requirements, may be redeemed at the option of MidAmerican Energy at prices which, in the aggregate, totaled $28 million and $31 million as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009, respectively,2010, and is included in noncontrolling interests on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The securities accrue annual dividends at varying rates between 3.30% to 4.80%. The aggregate total the holders of all preferred securities outstanding as of December 31, 20102011 and 20092010 were entitled to upon involuntary bankruptcy was $27 million and $30 million, respectively, plus accrued dividends.

The total outstanding 8.061% cumulative preferred securities of a subsidiary of CE Electric UK,Northern Powergrid Holdings, which are redeemable in the event of the revocation of the subsidiary's electricity distribution license by the Secretary of State, was $56 million as of December 31, 20102011 and 20092010 and is included in noncontrolling interests on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.


132



(19)    Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income,Loss, Net

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) incomeloss attributable to MEHC, net consists of the following components as of December 31 (in millions):
 2010 2009
    
Unrecognized amounts on retirement benefits, net of tax of $(172) and $(201)$(461) $(515)
Foreign currency translation adjustment(297) (191)
Fair value adjustment on cash flow hedges, net of tax of $15 and $-23   
Unrealized gains on marketable securities, net of tax of $375 and $693561  1,041 
Total accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income attributable to MEHC, net$(174) 
$
335 
 2011 2010
    
Unrecognized amounts on retirement benefits, net of tax of $(182) and $(172)$(491) $(461)
Foreign currency translation adjustment(307) (297)
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities, net of tax of $96 and $375142
 561
Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges, net of tax of $10 and $1515
 23
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to MEHC, net$(641) $(174)
Upon conversion of the Constellation Energy 8% Preferred Stock in 2008, the Company reclassified unrealized gains from AOCI to earnings totaling $271 m illion, net of tax of $187 million. The unrealized gain and reclassification of the gain is presented net on the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity.

(20)    Other, Net

Other, net, as shown on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, for the years ending December 31 consists of the following (in milli ons)millions):
 2010 2009 2008
      
Gain on Constellation Energy merger termination fee and investment$  $37  $1,092 
Allowance for equity funds used during construction89  68  73 
Corporate-owned life insurance income (expense)17  24  (13)
Other4  17  36 
Total other, net$110  $146  $1,188 

133


 2011 2010 2009
      
Allowance for equity funds used during construction$72
 $89
 $68
Loss on redemption of MEHC subordinated debt(40) 
 
Corporate-owned life insurance income9
 17
 24
Gain on Constellation Energy Group, Inc. investment
 
 37
Other10
 4
 17
Total other, net$51
 $110
 $146
Gain on Constellation Energy Merger Termination Fee and Investment
On September 19, 2008, MEHC, Constellation Energy Group, Inc. ("Constellation Energy") and MEHC Merger Sub Inc. signed an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement"), under which Constellation Energy would have become an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of MEHC. In addition, the Company purchased a $1 billion investment in Constellation Energy 8% Preferred Stock. On December 17, 2008, MEHC and Constellation Energy entered into a termination agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, the parties agreed to terminate the Merger Agreement , which resulted in the receipt of a $175 million termination fee and the conversion of the Constellation Energy 8% Preferred Stock into $418 million of cash and 19.9 million shares of Constellation Energy common stock valued at $499 million, which included $41 million of unrealized holding gains, as of December 31, 2008. During the year ended December 31, 2009, the Company sold 19.9 million shares of Constellation Energy common stock for $536 million, or an average price of $26.93 per share, and recognized gains totaling $37 million.

(21)&nb sp;   Supplemental Cash Flows Information

The summary of supplemental cash flows information for the years ending December 31 is as follows (in millions):
2011 2010 2009
          
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized$1,128  $1,179 
 
$1,218 $1,136
 $1,128
 $1,179
Income taxes received(1)
$305  $288  $140 
Income taxes received, net(1)
$575
 $305
 $288
          
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing transactions:          
Property, plant and equipment additions in accounts payable$305  $341  $570 
Accounts payable related to property, plant and equipment additions$406
 $305
 $341
Deferred payments on equipment purchased for wind-powered generation
at MidAmerican Energy(2)
$647
 $
 $
Issuance of note payable to acquire noncontrolling interest$3 5  $  $ $
 $35
 $
Conversion of Constellation Energy 8% Preferred Stock(2)
$  $  $1,458& nbsp;

(1)
Includes $433734 million, $360433 million and $266360 million of income taxes received from Berkshire Hathaway in 20102011, 20092010 and 20082009, respectively.
(2)In conjunction with the construction of wind-powered generating facilities, MidAmerican Energy has accrued as property, plant and equipment, net certain amounts for which it is not contractually obligated to pay until December 2008, MEHC converted its $1 billion investment in Constellation Energy 8% Preferred Stock into $1 billion of 14% Senior Notes due from Constellation Energy and 19.9 million shares of Constellation Energy common stock.2013. Refer to Note 12 for additional information.
During 2008, the Company purchased $354 million of its MEHC senior and subsidiary debt. Of the total, $216 million was subsequently re-marketed during 2008 and the remainder matured.


134133



(22)    Segment Information

MEHC's reportable segments were determined based on how the Company's strategic units are managed. Effective December 31, 2011, the Company changed its reportable segments. Northern Natural Gas and Kern River have been aggregated in the reportable segment called MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group, and CalEnergy Philippines and MidAmerican Renewables, LLC (formerly CalEnergy U.S.) have been aggregated in the reportable segment called MidAmerican Renewables. Prior year amounts have been changed to conform to the current presentation. The Company's foreign reportable segments with foreign operations include CE Electric UK,Northern Powergrid Holdings, whose business is principally in Great Britain, and CalEnergy Philippines,MidAmerican Renewables, whose business isincludes operations in the Philippines. Intersegment eliminations and adjustments, including the allocation of goodwill, have been made. Income tax expense in 2010 and 2009 reflects the impact of tax method changes discussed in Note 15. Information related to the Company's reportable segments is shown below (in millions):
 Years Ended December 31,
 2010 2009 2008
Operating revenue:     
PacifiCorp$4,432  $4,457  $4,498 
MidAmerican Funding3,815  3,699  4,715 
Northern Natural Gas624  689  769 
Kern River357  37 2  443 
CE Electric UK802  825  993 
CalEnergy Philippines105  147  138 
CalEnergy U.S.32  31  30 
HomeServices1,020  1,037  1,133 
Corporate/other(1)
(60) (53) (51)
Total operating revenue$11,127  $11,204  $12,668 
      
Depreciation and amortization:     
PacifiCorp$572  $558  $490 
MidAmerican Funding345  336  282 
Northern Natural Gas64
 
 63  
60
 
Kern River109  101  86 
CE Electric UK157  165  179 
CalEnergy Philippines23  23  22 
CalEnergy U.S.8  8  8 
HomeServices14  18  19 
Corporate/other(1)
(16) (16) (17)
Total depreciation and amortization$1,276  $1,256  $1,129 
      
Operating income:     
PacifiCorp$1,055  $1,079  $952 
MidAmerican Funding460  469  590 
Northern Natural Gas274  337  457 
Kern River198  221  305 
CE Electric UK474  394  514 
CalEnergy Philippines71  113  103 
CalEnergy U.S.17  15  15 
HomeServices17  11  (58)
Corporate/other(1)
(64) (174) (50)
Total operating income2,502  2,465  2,828 
Interest expense(1,225) (1,275) (1,333)
Capitalized interest54  41  54 
Interest and dividend income
243875Other, net1101461,188Total income before income tax expense and equity income$1,465$1,415
$
2,812
 Years Ended December 31,
 2011 2010 2009
Operating revenue:     
PacifiCorp$4,586
 $4,432
 $4,457
MidAmerican Funding3,503
 3,815
 3,699
MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group977
 981
 1,061
Northern Powergrid Holdings1,014
 802
 825
MidAmerican Renewables161
 137
 178
HomeServices992
 1,020
 1,037
MEHC and Other(1)
(60) (60) (53)
Total operating revenue$11,173
 $11,127
 $11,204
      
Depreciation and amortization:     
PacifiCorp$623
 $572
 $558
MidAmerican Funding337
 345
 336
MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group184
 173
 164
Northern Powergrid Holdings169
 157
 165
MidAmerican Renewables30
 31
 31
HomeServices12
 14
 18
MEHC and Other(1)
(14) (16) (16)
Total depreciation and amortization$1,341
 $1,276
 $1,256
      
Operating income:     
PacifiCorp$1,099
 $1,055
 $1,079
MidAmerican Funding428
 460
 469
MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group468
 472
 558
Northern Powergrid Holdings615
 474
 394
MidAmerican Renewables106
 88
 128
HomeServices24
 17
 11
MEHC and Other(1)
(56) (64) (174)
Total operating income2,684
 2,502
 2,465
Interest expense(1,196) (1,225) (1,275)
Capitalized interest40
 54
 41
Interest and dividend income14
 24
 38
Other, net51
 110
 146
Total income before income tax expense and equity income$1,593
 $1,465
 $1,415




134



 Years Ended December 31,
 2011 2010 2009
Interest expense:     
PacifiCorp$406
 $403
 $412
MidAmerican Funding183
 192
 197
MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group101
 111
 116
Northern Powergrid Holdings151
 146
 153
MidAmerican Renewables18
 20
 20
MEHC and Other(1)
337
 353
 377
Total interest expense$1,196
 $1,225
 $1,275
      
Income tax expense:     
PacifiCorp$215
 $212
 $236
MidAmerican Funding(26) (62) (43)
MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group152
 152
 181
Northern Powergrid Holdings76
 51
 66
MidAmerican Renewables36
 35
 49
HomeServices16
 13
 17
MEHC and Other(1)
(175) (203) (224)
Total income tax expense$294
 $198
 $282
      
Capital expenditures:     
PacifiCorp$1,506
 $1,607
 $2,328
MidAmerican Funding566
 338
 439
MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group289
 293
 250
Northern Powergrid Holdings309
 349
 387
MidAmerican Renewables4
 1
 1
HomeServices7
 5
 6
MEHC and Other3
 
 2
Total capital expenditures$2,684
 $2,593
 $3,413


135


 Years Ended December 31,
 2010 2009 2008
Interest expense:     
PacifiCorp$403  $412  $343 
MidAmerican Funding192  197  207 
Northern Natural Gas60  60  61 
Kern River51  56  67
 
CE Electric UK146  
153
  186 
CalEnergy Philippines
4  4  8 
CalEnergy U.S.16  16  
17HomeServices2
Corporate/other(1)
353377442Total interest expense$1,225$1,275$1,333
Income tax expense:PacifiCorp$212
$236$239MidAmerican Funding(62)(43)107Northern Natural Gas94118157Kern River586390CE Electric UK516682CalEnergy Philippines334848CalEnergy U.S.211HomeServices1317(20)
Corporate/other(1)
(203)(224)278Total income tax expense$198$282$982Capital expenditures:PacifiCorp$1,607$2,328$1,789MidAmerican Funding338439
1,473Northern Natural Gas136177196Kern River1577324CE Electric UK349387440CalEnergy Philippines1
11
HomeServices5612Corporate/other22Total capital expenditures$2,593$3,413$3,937

136


&nbs p;As of December 31,
 2010&nb sp;2009 2008
Property, plant and equipment, net:     
PacifiCorp$16,491  $15,647  $13,824 
MidAmerican Funding6,960
6,9866,942Northern Natural Gas2,1632,1061,978Kern River1,7941,717
1,722
 As of December 31,
 2011 2010
Property, plant and equipment, net:   
PacifiCorp$17,460
 $16,491
MidAmerican Funding7,935
 6,960
MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group4,126
 3,957
Northern Powergrid Holdings4,332
 4,164
MidAmerican Renewables413
 439
HomeServices47
 51
MEHC and Other(146) (163)
Total property, plant and equipment, net$34,167
 $31,899
    
Total assets:   
PacifiCorp$22,364
 $21,410
MidAmerican Funding12,430
 11,134
MidAmerican Energy Pipeline Group4,854
 4,744
Northern Powergrid Holdings5,690
 5,512
MidAmerican Renewables890
 905
HomeServices649
 649
MEHC and Other841
 1,314
Total assets$47,718
 $45,668
CE Electric UK4,1644,1323,612CalEnergy Philippines240261282CalEnergy U.S.199206213HomeServices515966Corporate/other(163)(178)(185)Total property, plant and equipment, net$31,899$30,936$28,454Total assets:PacifiCorp$21,410$20,244$18,339MidAmerican Funding11,13410,73210,632Northern Natural Gas2,7952,6572,595Kern River1,9491,8751,910CE Electric UK5,5125,6224,921CalEnergy Philippines336463442CalEnergy U.S.569569550HomeServices649657674Corporate/other1,3141,8651,378Total assets$45,668$44,684$41,441

(1)The remaining differences between the segment amounts and the consolidated amounts described as "Corporate/other""MEHC and Other" relate principally to intersegment eliminations for operating revenue and, for the other items presented, to (a) corporate functions, including administrative costs, interest expense, corporate cash and investments and related interest income and (b) intersegment eliminations.

The following table shows the change in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 20102011 and 20092010 (in millions):
     Northern   CE      
   MidAmerican Natural Kern Electric CalEnergy Home-  
 PacifiCorp Funding Gas River UK U.S. Services Total
                
Balance, January 1, 2009$1,126  $2,102  $249  $34  $1,050  $71  $391  $5,023 
Foreign currency translation       
 
80      80 
Other    (26) 
 
     1  (25)
Balance, December 31, 20091,126  2,102  223  34  1,130  71  392  5,078 
Foreign currency translation  
      (29)     (29)
Other    (26)       2  (24)
Balance, December 31, 2010$1,126
 
 $2,102  $197  $34 
$1,101$71$394$5,025
     MidAmerican        
     Energy Northern      
   MidAmerican Pipeline Powergrid MidAmerican Home-  
 PacifiCorp Funding Group Holdings Renewables Services Total
              
Balance, December 31, 2009$1,126
 $2,102
 $257
 $1,130
 $71
 $392
 $5,078
Foreign currency translation
 
 
 (29) 
 
 (29)
Other
 
 (26) 
 
 2
 (24)
Balance, December 31, 20101,126
 2,102
 231
 1,101
 71
 394
 5,025
Foreign currency translation
 
 
 (4) 
 
 (4)
Other
 
 (26) 
 
 1
 (25)
Balance, December 31, 2011$1,126
 $2,102
 $205
 $1,097
 $71
 $395
 $4,996


136



(23)    Subsequent Events — Acquisitions

In January 2012, MEHC, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired Topaz Solar Farms LLC ("Topaz") and its 550-MW solar project (the "Topaz Project") in California from a subsidiary of First Solar, Inc. ("First Solar"). The Topaz Project is expected to cost approximately $2.44 billion, including all interest during construction, and will be completed in 22 blocks with an aggregate tested capacity of 586 MW. The Topaz Project expects to place 45 MW in service in 2012, 236 MW in service in 2013, 252 MW in service in 2014 and 53 MW in service in 2015. The Topaz Project is being constructed pursuant to a fixed price, date certain, turn-key engineering, procurement and construction contract with a subsidiary of First Solar. Topaz will sell all the electricity, renewable energy credits and other environmental attributes produced by the project to Pacific Gas and Electric Company ("PG&E") pursuant to a 25 year power purchase agreement. A subsidiary of First Solar will operate and maintain the project under a 25 year, fixed-fee operating and maintenance agreement.

MEHC has committed to provide Topaz with equity to fund the costs of the Topaz Project in an amount up to $2.44 billion less, among other things, the gross proceeds of long-term debt issuances, project revenue prior to completion and the total equity contributions made by MEHC or its subsidiaries. If MEHC does not maintain a minimum credit rating from two of the following three ratings agencies of at least BBB- from Standard & Poor's Ratings Services or Fitch Ratings or Baa3 from Moody's Investors Service, MEHC's obligations under the equity commitment agreement would be supported by cash collateral or a letter of credit issued by a financial institution that meets certain minimum criteria specified in the financing documents. Upon reaching the final commercial operation date of the Topaz Project, MEHC will have no further obligation to make any equity contribution and any unused equity contribution obligations will be canceled.

In February 2012, Topaz issued $850 million of the 5.75% Series A Senior Secured Notes. The principal of the notes amortize beginning September 2015 with a final maturity in September 2039. The net proceeds will be used to fund or reimburse the costs and expenses related to the development, construction and financing of the Topaz Project, including amounts that have been advanced by, or will be advanced by, MEHC for the Topaz Project. Any unused amounts will be invested or, in certain circumstances, loaned to MEHC.

In connection with the offering, Topaz entered into a letter of credit and reimbursement facility in an aggregate principal amount of $345 million. Letters of credit issued under the letter of credit facility will be used to (a) provide security under the power purchase agreement and large generator interconnection agreements, (b) fund the debt service reserve requirement and the operation and maintenance debt service reserve requirement, (c) provide security for our remediation and mitigation liabilities, and (d) provide security in respect of our conditional use permit sales tax obligations.

In January 2012, MEHC, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired from NRG Energy, Inc. a 49 percent equity interest in Agua Caliente Solar, LLC ("Agua Caliente"), the owner of a 290-MW solar project (the "Agua Caliente Project") in Arizona. The Agua Caliente Project is expected to cost approximately $1.8 billion and will be completed in 12 blocks with an aggregate tested capacity of 310 MW. The first 30-MW block of the Agua Caliente Project was placed in service in January 2012 and the Agua Caliente Project expects to place 112 additional MW in service in 2012, 136 MW in service in 2013 and 32 MW in service in 2014. The project is being constructed pursuant to a fixed price, date certain, turn-key engineering, procurement and construction contract with a subsidiary of First Solar. Agua Caliente will sell all the electricity, renewable energy credits and other environmental attributes produced by the project to PG&E pursuant to a 25 year power purchase agreement. A subsidiary of First Solar will operate and maintain the project under a 25 year, fixed-fee operating and maintenance agreement. Construction costs are expected to be funded with equity contributions from MEHC and NRG Energy, Inc. and proceeds from a $967 million secured loan maturing in 2037 from an agency of the United States government as part of the United States Department of Energy loan guarantee program. Funding requests are submitted on a monthly basis and the approved loans accrue interest at a fixed rate based on the current average yield of comparable maturity United States Treasury rates plus a spread of 0.375%.

Pursuant to an equity funding and contribution agreement, MEHC has committed to provide Agua Caliente with funding for (a) base equity contributions of up to an aggregative amount of $303 million for the construction of the project, and (b) transmission upgrade costs. In January 2012, MEHC entered into a $303 million letter of credit facility related to its funding commitments. The equity funding and contribution agreement and the letter of credit commitment decreases as equity is contributed to the Agua Caliente Project.


137



Item 9.    Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A.Controls and Procedures
Item 9A.Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures

At the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and the Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based upon that evaluation, the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and the Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), conclu dedconcluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. There has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 20102011 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and the Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), the Company's management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 20102011 as required b yby the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 13a-15(c). In making this assessment, the Company's management used the criteria set forth in the framework in "Internal Control - Integrated Framework" issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the evaluation conducted under the framework in "Internal Control - Integrated Framework," the Company's management concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2010.2011.

MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company
February 28, 201127, 2012

Item 9B.Other Information

None.


138


Item 9B.Other Information
Coal Mine Safety Disclosures Required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
The operation of PacifiCorp's coal mines and coal processing facilities is regulated by the Federal Mine Safety and Health Administration ("MSHA") under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 ("Mine Safety Act"). MSHA inspects PacifiCorp's coal mines and coal processing facilities on a regular basis and may issue citations, notices, orders, or any combination thereof, when it believes a violation has occurred under the Mine Safety Act. For citations, monetary penalties are assessed by MSHA. Citations, notices and orders can be contested and appealed and the severity and assessment of penalties may be reduced or, in some cases, dism issed through the appeal process.
The table below summarizes the total number of citations, notices and orders issued and penalties assessed by MSHA for each coal mine or coal processing facility operated by PacifiCorp under the indicated provisions of the Mine Safety Act during the six-month period ended December 31, 2010. Legal actions pending before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission, which are not exclusive to citations, notices, orders and penalties assessed by MSHA, are as of December 31, 2010. Closed or idled mines have been excluded from the table below as no citations, orders or notices were issued for such mines during the six-month period ended December 31, 2010. In addition, there were no fatalities at PacifiCorp's coal mines or co al processing facilities during the six-month period ended December 31, 2010.
Mine Safety Act
Total
SectionSection
Value of
Section 104(a)104(d)107(a)Proposed
Significant &SectionCitationsSectionImminentSectionMSHALegalCoal Mine orSubstantial104(b)&110(b)(2)Danger104(e)Assessments
Actions
Coal Processing FacilityCitationsOrdersOrdersCitationsOrdersNotice(in thousands)PendingDeer Creek131$8417Bridger (surface)476Bridger (underground)1619017Cottonwood Preparatory PlantWyodak Coal Crushing Facility1

139


PART III

Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
MEHC is a consolidated subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway. Each director was elected based on individual responsibilities, experience in the energy industry and functional expertise. MEHC's Board of Directors appoints executive officers annually. There are no family relationships among the executive officers, nor, , except as set forth in employment agreements, any arrangements or understandings between any executive officer and any other person pursuant to which the executive officer was appointed. Set forth below is certain information, as of January 31, 2011,2012, with respect to the current directors and executive officers of MEHC:

DAVID L. SOKOLGREGORY E. ABEL, 54,49, Chairman of the Board of Directors since 1994, director since 1991 and Chief Executive Officer from 1993 to 2008. Mr. Sokol also serves as Chairman of Johns Manville Corporation, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of NetJets, Inc. and a director of BYD Company Limited. Mr. Sokol has extensive executive management experience.
GREGORY E. ABEL, 48,2011, Chief Executive Officer since 2008, director since 2000, and President since 1998 and Chief Operating Officer from 1998 to 2008.1998. Mr. Abel joined MEHC in 1992 and has extensive executive management experience in the energy industry. Mr. Abel is also a director of PacifiCorp.

PATRICK J. GOODMAN, 44,45, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since 1999. Mr. Goodman joined M EHCMEHC in 1995. Mr. Goodman is also a director of PacifiCorp and a Manager of MidAmerican Funding, LLC.

DOUGLAS L. ANDERSON, 52,53, Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary since 2001. Mr. Anderson joined MEHC in 1993. Mr. Anderson is also a director of PacifiCorp and a Manager of MidAmerican Funding, LLC.

MAUREEN E. SAMMON, 47,48, Senior Vice President and Chief Admi nistrativeAdministrative Officer since 2007. Ms. Sammon has been employed by MEHC and its predecessor companies since 1986 and has held several positions, including Vice President, Human Resources and Insurance.

WARREN E. BUFFETT, 80,81, Director. Mr. Buffett has been a director of MEHC since 2000 and has been Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of Berkshire Hathaway for more than five years. Mr. Buffett previously served as a director of The Washington Post Company and The Coca-Cola Company. Mr. BuffetBuffett has significant experience as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Berkshire Hathaway.

WALTER SCOTT, JR., 79,80, Director. Mr. Scott has been a director of MEHC since 1991 and has been Chairman of the Board of Directors of Level 3 Communications, Inc., a successor to certain businesses of Peter Kiewit & Sons', Inc., for more than five years. Mr. Scott is also a director of Peter Kiewit & Sons', Inc., Berkshire Hathaway and Valmont Industries, Inc. and previously served as a director of Burlington Resources, Inc. and Commonwealth Telephone Enterprises, Inc. Mr. Scott has significant experience and financial expertise as a past chief executive officer and as a director of both public and private corporations and as chairman of a major charitable foundation.

MARC D. HAMBURG, 61,62, Director. Mr. Hamburg has been a director of MEHC since 2000 and has been Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Berkshire Hathaway for more than five years. Mr. Hamburg was a Vice President of Berkshire Hathaway between 1992 and 2008 and since 2008 has been a Senior Vice President. Mr. Hamburg was Berkshire Hathaway's Treasurer from 1987-2010. Mr. Hamburg has significant financial experience, including expertise in mergers and acquisitions; accounting; treasury; and tax functions.

Board's Role in the Risk Oversight Process

MEHC's Board of Directors is comprised of a combination of MEHC senior management, Berkshire Hathaway senior executives and MEHC owners who have responsibility for the management and oversight of risk. MEHC's Board of Directors has not established a separate risk management and oversight committee.

Audit Committee and Audit Committee Financial Expert

The audit committee of the Board of Directors is comprised of Mr.&nb sp;Marc D. Hamburg. The Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Hamburg qualifies as an "audit committee financial expert," as defined by SEC rules, based on his education, experience and background. Based on the standards of the New York Stock Exchange LLC, on which the common stock of MEHC's majority owner, Berkshire Hathaway, is listed, MEHC's Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Hamburg is not independent because of his employment by Berkshire Hathaway.


140139



Code of Ethics

MEHC has adopted a code of ethics that applies to its principal executive officer, its principal financial and accounting officer, or persons acting in such capacities, and certain other covered officers. The code of ethics is incorporated by reference in the exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 11.Executive Compensation
Item 11.Executive Compensation

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Compensation Philosophy and Overall Objectives

We believe that the compensation paid to each of our Chairman, President and C hiefChief Executive Officer, or Chairman and CEO, our Chief Financial Officer, or CFO, and our three other most highly compensated executive officers, to whom we refer collectively as our Named Executive Officers, or NEOs, should be closely aligned with our overall performance, and each NEO's contribution to that performance, on both a short- and long-term basis, and that such compensation should be sufficient to attract and retain highly qualified leaders who can create significant value for our organization. Our compensation programs are designed to provide our NEOs meaningful incentives for superior corporate and individual performance. Performance is evaluated on a subjective basis within the context of both financial and non-financial objectives that we believe contribute to our long-term success, among which are customer service, operational excellence, financial strength, employee commitment and safety, environmental respect and regulatory integrity.

How is Compensation Determined

Our Compensation Committee is comprised of Messrs. Warren E. Buffett and Walter Scott, Jr. The Compensation Committee is responsible for the establishment and oversight of our compensation policy. Approval of compensation decisions for our NEOs is made by the Compensation Committee, unless specifically delegated. Although the Compensation Committee reviews each NEO's complete compensation package at least annually, it has delegated to the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or Chairman, and the CEO authority to approve off-cycle pay changes, per formanceperformance awards and participation in other employee benefit plans and programs.programs for the other NEOs.

Our criteria for assessing executive performance and determining compensation in any year is inherently subjective and is not based upon specific formulas or weighting of factors. Given the uniqueness of each NEO's duties, weWe do not specifically use other companies as benchmarks when establishing our NEOs' initial compensation. Subsequently, the Compensation Committee reviews peer company data when making annual base salary and incentive recommendations for the Chairman and the CEO. The peer companies for 20102011 were American Electric Power Company, Inc., Consolidated Edison, Inc., Dominion Resources, Inc., Edison International, Energy Future Holdings Corp., Entergy Corporation, Exelon Corp oration,Corporation, FirstEnergy Corp., NextEra Energy, Inc., PG&E Corporation, Progress Energy, Inc., Public Service Enterprise Group Incorporated, Sempra Energy, The Southern Company and Xcel Energy Inc.

We engage the compensation practice of Towers Watson & Co., or Towers Watson, to research and document the peer company data to be reviewed by the Compensation Committee when making annual base salary and incentive recommendations for the Chairman and the CEO. The fee paid to Towers Watson for this service was $6,400$7,874 in 2010.2011. We also engage Towers Watson to provide other services unrelated to executive compensation, including actuarial and consulting services related to our retirement plans. These services are approved by senior management and the aggregate fees paid to Towers Watson for these services were $971,980$1,074,186 in 2010.2011. Our Board of Directors is not involved in the selection or approval of Towers Watson for these services.


141


Discussion and Analysis of Specific Compensation Elements

Base Salary

We determine base salaries for all of our NEOs by reviewing our overall performance and each NEO's performance, the value each NEO brings to us and general labor market conditions. While base salary provides a base level of compensation intended to be competitive with the external market, the annual base salary adjustment for each NEO is determined on a subjective basis after consideration of these factors and is not based on target percentiles or other formal criteria. The


140



In late 2010, the former Chairman of the Board of Directors and the current Chairman and CEO (then the CEO) together makemade recommendations regarding the other NEOs' base salaries. The former Chairman makesmade recommendations regarding the current Chairman and CEO's base salary, and the Compensation Committee set the former Chairman's base salary. Following the former Chairman's resignation in April 2011, the Chairman and CEO makes recommendations regarding the other NEOs' base salaries, and the Compensation Committee sets our Chairman'sthe Chairman and CEO's base salary. All merit inc reasesincreases are approved by the Compensation Committee and take effect on January 1 of each year. An increase or decrease in base salary may also result from a promotion or other significant change in a NEO's responsibilities during the year. In 2010, none of the2011, base salaries for all NEOs received base salary increases.increased on average by 1.8% effective January 1, 2011. There have beenwere no other base salary changes for our NEOs sinceduring the year after the January 1, 20092011 merit increase.

Short-Term Incentive Compensation

The objective of short-term incentive compens ationcompensation is to reward the achievement of significant annual corporate goals while also providing NEOs with competitive total cash compensation.

Performance Incentive Plan

Under our Performance Incentive Plan, or PIP, all NEOs are eligible to earn an annual discretionary cash incentive award, which is determined on a subjective basis and is not based on a specific formula or cap. A variety of factors are considered in determining each NEO's annual incentive award including the NEO's performance, our overall performance and each NEO's contribution to that overall performance. An individual NEO's performance is evaluated using financial and non-financial principles, including customer service; operational excellence; financial strength; employee commitment and safety; environmental respect; and regulatory integrity, as well as the NEO's response to issues and opportunities that arise during the year. No factor was individually material to the determination of the amounts paid to each NEO under the PIP for 2010.2011. The Chairman and the CEO together recommendrecommends annual incentive awards for the other NEOs to the Compensation Committee prior to the last committee meeting of each year, held in the fourth quarter. The Chairman recommends the annual incentive award for the CEO, and the Compensation Committee determines the Chairman'sChairman and CEO's award. If approved by the Compensation Committee, awards are paid prior to year-end.

Performance Awards

In addition to the annual awards under the PIP, we may grant cash performance awards periodically during the year to one or more NEOs to reward the accomplishment of significant non-recurring tasks or projects. These awards are discretionary and are approved by the Chairman and CEO, as delegated by the Chairman and the Compensation Committee. ThereIn December 2011, awards were no performance awards granted to our NEOs during 2010.Messrs. Goodman and Anderson in recognition of their efforts related to certain acquisition activities. Although both Messrs. Sokol andMr. Abel areis eligible for performance awards, neitherhe has not been granted an award in the past five years.

Long-Term Incentive Compensation

The objective of long-term incentive compensation is to retain NEOs, reward their exceptional performance and motivate them to create long-term, sustainable value. Our current long-term incentive compensation program is cash-based. We have not issued stock options or other forms of equity-based awards since March 2000. All stock options previously held by Messrs. SokolAbel and AbelSokol have been exercised and are no longer outstanding.

142


Long-Term Incentive Partnership Plan

The MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Long-Term Incentive Partnership Plan, or LTIP, is designed to retain key employees and to align our interests and the interests of the participati ngparticipating employees. Messrs. Goodman and Anderson and Ms. Sammon, as well as 9190 other employees, participate in this plan, while our Chairman and our CEO dodoes not. Our former Chairman did not participate in the plan. Our LTIP provides for annual discretionary awards based upon significant accomplishments by the individual participants and the achievement of the financial and non-financial objectives previously described. The goals are developed with the objective of being attainable with a sustained, focused and concerted effort and are determined and communicated in January of each plan year. Participation is discretionary and is determined by the Chairman and the CEO who recommendrecommends awards to the Compensation Committee annually in the fourth quarter. Except for limited situations of extraordinary performance, awards are capped at 1.5 times base salary and finalized in the first quarter of the following year. These cash-based awards are subject to mandatory deferral and equal annual vesting over a five-year period starting in the performance year. Participants allo cateallocate the value of their deferral accounts among various investment alternatives. Gains or losses may be incurred based on investment performance. Participating NEOs may elect to defer all or a part of the award or receive payment in cash after the five-year mandatory deferral and vesting period. Vested balances (including any investment profitsgains or losses thereon) of terminating participants are paid at the time of termination.

141




Incremental Profit Sharing Plan

The Incremental Profit Sharing Pla n,Plan, or IPSP, is designed to align our interests and the interests of the Chairman and the CEO. The IPSP provides for a cash award to each participant based upon our achievement of a specified adjusted diluted earnings per share, or EPS, target for any calendar year. The EPS targets to achieve the award were established by the Compensation Committee in 2009 and are to be achieved no later than calendar year end 2013. The individual profit sharing award that may be earned is $12 million if our EPS is greater than $23.14 per share, but less than or equal to $24.24 per share, $25 million if our EPS is greater than $24.24 per share, but less than $25.37 per share, or $40 million if our EPS is greater than $25.37 per share. Following his resignation, Mr. Sokol is no longer eligible to receive awards under the IPSP. Messrs. Goodman and Anderson and Ms. Sammon do not participate in this plan.

Other Employee Benefits

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan

The MidAmerican Energy Company Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan for Designated Officers, or SERP, provides additional retirement benefits to participants. We include the SERP as part of the participating NEO's overall compensation in order to provide a comprehensive, competitive package and as a key retention tool. Mes srs.Messrs. Abel, Goodman and Sokol Abel and Goodman participate in the SERP, and we have no plans to add new participants in the future. The SERP provides annual retirement benefits of up to 65% of a participant's total cash compensation in effect immediately prior to retirement, subject to an annual $1 million maximum retirement benefit. Total cash compensation means (a) the highest amount payable to a participant as monthly base salary during the five years immediately prior to retirement multiplied by 12, plus (b) the average of the participant's annual awards under an annual incentive bonus program during the three years immediately prior to the year of retirement and (c) special, additional or non-recurring bonus awards, if any, that are required to be included in total cash compensation pursuant to a participant's employment agreement or approved for inclusion by the Board of Directors. All participating NEOs have met the five-year service requirement under the plan. Mr. Goodman's SERP benefit will be reduced by the amou ntamount of his regular retirement benefit under the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan, his actuarially equivalent benefit under the fixed 401(k) contribution option and ratably for retirement between ages 55 and 65.

Deferred Compensation Plan

The MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Executive Voluntary Deferred Compensation Plan, or DCP, provides a means for all NEOs to make voluntary deferrals of up to 50% of base salary and 100% of short-term incentive compensation awards. We i ncludeinclude the DCP as part of the participating NEO's overall compensation in order to provide a comprehensive, competitive package. The deferrals and any investment returns grow on a tax-deferred basis. Amounts deferred under the DCP receive a rate of return based on the returns of any combination of eight investment options offered under the DCP and selected by the participant. The plan allows participants to choose from three forms of distribution. The plan permits us to make discretionary contributions on behalf of participants; however, we have not made contributions to date.

143


Financial Planning and Tax Preparation

We reimburse NEOs for financial planning and tax preparation services. The value of the benefit is included in the NEO's taxable income. It is offered both as a competitive benefit itself and also to help ensure our NEOs best utilize the other forms of compensation we provide to them.

Executive Life Insurance

We provide universal life insurance to Messrs. Sokol, Abel and Goodman, and formerly to Mr. Sokol, having a death benefit of two times annual base salary during employment, reducing to one times annual base salary in retirement. The value of the benefit is included in the NEO's taxable income. We include the executive life insurance as part of the participating NEO's overall compensation in order to provide a comprehensive, competitive package.

Potential Payments Upon Termination

Certain NEOs are entitled to post-termination payments in the event their employment is terminated under certain circumstances. We believe these post-termination payments are an important component of the competitive compensation package we offer to these NEOs.


142



Compensation Committee Report

The Compensation Committee, consisting of Messrs. Buffett and Scott, has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis with management and, based on this review and discussion, has recommended to the Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Warren E. Buffett
Walter Scott, Jr.

144


Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth information regarding compensation earned by each of our NEOs during the years indicated:
Change in
Pension
Value and
Non-EquityNonqualified
Name andIncentiveDeferredAll
PrincipalBasePlanCompensationOther
Position
Year
Salary
Bonus(1)
Compensation
Earnings(2)
Compensation(3)
Total(4)
David L. Sokol, Chairman of2010$750,000$$$1,199,000$50,836$1,999,836the Board of Directors
2009750,0006,000,000980,000252,9267,982,9262008822,91713,000,000
          Change in    
          Pension    
          Value and    
        Non-Equity Nonqualified    
Name and       Incentive Deferred All  
Principal   Base   Plan Compensation Other  
Position Year Salary 
Bonus(1)
 Compensation 
Earnings(2)
 
Compensation(3)
 
Total(4)
               
Gregory E. Abel, Chairman, President 2011 $1,000,000
 $7,000,000
 $
 $1,726,000
 $187,391
 $9,913,391
and Chief Executive Officer 2010 1,000,000
 6,000,000
 
 1,093,000
 352,642
 8,445,642
  2009 1,000,000
 5,000,000
 
 890,000
 266,699
 7,156,699
               
Patrick J. Goodman, Senior Vice 2011 360,000
 1,351,859
 
 508,000
 36,208
 2,256,067
President and Chief Financial 2010 340,000
 1,360,900
 
 320,000
 38,622
 2,059,522
Officer 2009 340,000
 1,292,543
 
 203,000
 58,667
 1,894,210
               
Douglas L. Anderson, Senior Vice 2011 310,000
 784,316
 
 5,000
 28,030
 1,127,346
President and General Counsel 2010 308,000
 905,687
 
 4,000
 48,329
 1,266,016
  2009 308,000
 922,618
 
 5,000
 51,650
 1,287,268
               
Maureen E. Sammon, Senior Vice 2011 226,000
 436,045
 
 5,000
 27,401
 694,446
President and Chief 2010 221,000
 569,333
 
 5,000
 38,723
 834,056
Administrative Officer 2009 221,000
 524,790
 
 5,000
 37,495
 788,285
               
David L. Sokol, former Chairman of 2011 231,250
 
 
 10,134,000
 18,649
 10,383,899
the Board of Directors(5)
 2010 750,000
 
 
 1,199,000
 50,836
 1,999,836
  2009 750,000
 6,000,000
 
 980,000
 252,926
 7,982,926
424,74914,247,666
Gregory E. Abel, President and2010
1,000,0006,000,0001,093,000352,6428,445,642Chief Executive Officer20091,000,0005,000,000890,000266,6997,156,699
20081,000,0005,000,000369,000437,7926,806,792Patrick J. Goodman, Senior Vice2010340,0001,360,900320,00038,6222,059,522President and Chief Financial2009340,0001,292,543203,00058,6671,894,210Officer2008330,000673,08118,00045,6311,066,712
Douglas L. Anderson, Senior Vice2010308,000905,6874,00048,3291,266,016President and General Counsel2009308,000922,6185,00051,6501,287,2682008300,000558,39728,00031,536917,933Maureen E. Sammon, Senior Vice2010221,000& nbsp;569,3335,00038,723
834,056
President and Chief2009221,000524,7905,00037,495788,285Administrative Officer2008215,000250,93031,00020,159517,089

(1)Consists of annual cash incentive awards earned pursuant to the PIP for our NEOs, performance awards earned related to non-routine projects, special achievement bonuses and the vesting of LTIP awards and associated vested earnings. The breakout for 20102011 is as follows:
     
Special
 LTIP
   Performance Achievement Vested Vested       LTIP
 PIP Award Bonus Awards Earnings Total   Performance Vested Vested  
             PIP Award Awards Earnings Total
David L. Sokol $  $  $  $  $  $ 
          
Gregory E. Abel 6,000,000     
 
      $7,000,000
 $
 $
 $
 $
Patrick J. Goodman 400,000      679,750  281,150
 
 960,900  425,000
 150,000
 677,500
 99,359
 776,859
Douglas L. Anderson 300,000      382,350  223,337  605,687  300,000
 125,000
 352,450
 6,866
 359,316
Maureen E. Sammon 175,000      2 47,800  146,533 
 
394,333  180,000
 
 228,757
 27,288
 256,045
David L. Sokol 
 
 
 
 

145143




The ultimate payouts of LTIP awards are undeterminable as the amounts to be paid out may increase or decrease depending on investment performance. Net income, the net income target goal and the matrix below were used in determining the gross amount of the LTIP award available to the participants. Net income for determining the award and the award itself are subject to discretionary adjustment by the Chairman and CEO and Compensation Committee. In 2010,2011, the gross award and per-point value were determined based on the overall achievement of our financial and non-financial objectives.

Net Income Award
   
Less than or equal to net income target goal None
Exceeds net income target goal by 0.01% - 3.25%15% of excess
Exceeds net income target goal by 3.251% - 6.50%15% of the first 3.25% excess;
 25% of excess over 3.25%
Exceeds net income target goal by more than 6.50% 15%25% of the first 3.25%6.50% excess;
25% of th e next 3.25% excess; and
  35% of excess over 6.50%

Points are allocated among plan participants either as initial points or year-end performance points. A nominating committee recommends the point allocation, subject to approval by the Chairman and the CEO, based upon a discretionary evaluation of individual achievement of financial and non-financial goals previously described herein. A participant's award equals the participants allocated points multiplied by the final per-point value, capped at 1.5 times base salary except in extraordinary circumstances.
(2)Amounts are ba sedbased upon the aggregate increase in the actuarial present value of all qualified and nonqualified defined benefit plans, which include our cash balance and SERP, as applicable. Amounts are computed using assumptions consistent with those used in preparing the related pension disclosures in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K and are as of the pension plans' measurement dates.December 31, 2011. No participant in our DCP earned “above-market” or “preferential” earnings on amounts deferred.
(3)Amounts consist of vacation payouts and 401(k) contributions we paid on behalf of the NEOs, as well as perquisites and other personal benefits related to life insurance premiums, the personal use of corporate aircraft and financial planning and tax preparation that we paid on behalf of Messrs. Sokol, Abel, Goodman, Anderson and Anderson.Sokol. The personal use of corporate aircraft represents our incremental cost of providing this personal benefit determined by applying the percentage of flight hours used for personal use to our variable expenses incurred from operating our corporate aircraft. All other compensation is based upon amounts paid by us.
Items required to be reported and quantified are as follows: Mr. Sokol - 401(k) contributions of $11,515; Mr. Abel - personal use of corporate aircraft of $267,192, life insurance premiums of $6 4,103$149,785 and 401(k) contributions of $11,515;$11,638; Mr. Goodman - 401(k) contributions of $27,440;$27,563; Mr. Anderson - 401(k) contributions of $27,440 and vacation payouts of $20,434;$27,563; and Ms. Sammon - 401(k) contributions of $27,248 and vacation payouts of $11,475.$27,401.
(4)Any amounts voluntarily deferred by the NEO, if applicable, are included in the appropriate column in the summary compensation table.
(5)Mr. Sokol resigned effective April 21, 2011, at which time Mr. Abel, then President and Chief Executive Officer, was appointed Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer.

Pension Benefits

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the defined benefit pension plan accounts held by each of our NEOs as of December 31, 2010:2011:
 Number of     Number of    
 years Present value Payments years Present value Payments
 credited of accumulated during last credited of accumulated during last
Name Plan name 
service(1)
 
benefit(2)
 fiscal year Plan name 
service(1)
 
benefit(2)
 
fiscal year(3)
    
David L. Sokol SERP n/a $7,575,000  $ 
 MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan n/a 255,000   
          
Gregory E. Abel SERP
 
n/a 6,010,000    SERP n/a $7,717,000
 $
 MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan n/a 245,000    MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan n/a 264,000
 
   
 
    
Patrick J. Goodman SERP 16 years 934,000    SERP 17 years 1,438,000
 
 MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan 12 years 208,000    MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan 10 years 212,000
 
          
Douglas L. Anderson MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan 12 years 213,000    MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan 10 years 218,000
 
        
Maureen E. Sammon MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan 24 years 240,000    MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan 22 years 245,000
 
    
David L. Sokol SERP n/a 16,912,000
 750,000
 MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan n/a 
 301,687


146144



(1)The pension benefits for Messrs. SokolAbel and AbelSokol do not depend on their years of service, as both have already reached their maximum benefit levels based on their respective ages and previous triggering events described in their employment agreements. Mr. Goodman's credited years of service, for purposes of the SERP only, includes twelve13 years of service with us and for purposes of the SERP only, four additional years of imputed service from a predecessor company.
(2)Amounts are computed using assumptions consistent with those used in preparing the related pension disclosures in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K and are as of December 31, 2010,2011, which is the measurement date for the plans. The present value of accumulated benefits for the SERP was calculated using the following assumptions: (1) Mr. SokolAbel - a 100% joint and survivor annuity; (2) Mr. AbelGoodman - a 100%66 2/3% joint and survivor annuity; and (3) Mr. GoodmanSokol - a 66 2/3%100% joint and survivor annuity. The present value of accumulated benefits for the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan was calculated using a lump sum payment assumption. The present value assumptions used in calculating the present value of accumulated benefits for both the SERP and the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan were as follows: a cash balance interest crediting rate of 1.01%0.81% in 2010, 0.95% in 20112012 and 4.75%4.00% thereafter; a cash balance conversion ratesrate of 5.10% in 2010, 5.30% in 2011 and 5.50%4.75% in 2012 and thereafter; a discount rate of 5.50%4.75%; an expected r etirementretirement age of 65; postretirement mortality using the RP-2000 M/Fas prescribed by Internal Revenue Code Section 430(h)(3)(A) tables, projected to 2011 with Scale AA;separated by annuitant and non-annuitants; and cash balance conversion mortality using the Notice 2008-85 tables.
(3)Mr. Sokol's post-termination SERP benefit is $1 million annually, paid in monthly installments. He elected a one-time lump sum payment of his MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan benefit of $301,687, which was paid to him on May 1, 2011.

The SERP provides annual retirement benefits up to 65% of a participant's total cash compensation in effect immediately prior to retirement, subject to an annual $1 million maximum retirement benefit. Total cash compensation means (i) the highest amount payable to a participant as monthly base salary during the five years immediately prior to retirement multiplied by 12, plus (ii) the average of the participant's awards under an annual incentive bonus program during the three years immediately prior to the year of retirement and (iii) special, additional or non-recurri ngnon-recurring bonus awards, if any, that are required to be included in total cash compensation pursuant to a participant's employment agreement or approved for inclusion by the Board of Directors. Mr. Goodman's SERP benefit will be reduced by the amount of his regular retirement benefit under the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan, his actuarially equivalent benefit under the fixed 401(k) contribution option and ratably for retirement between ages 55 and 65. A survivor benefit is payable to a surviving spouse under the SERP. Benefits from the SERP will be paid out of general corporate funds; however, through a Rabbi trust, we maintain life insurance on participants in amounts expected to be sufficient to fund the after-tax cost of the projected benefits. Deferred compensation is considered part of the salary covered by the SERP.

Under the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan, each NEO has an account, for record-keeping purposes only, to which credits are allocated annually based upon a percentage of the NEO's base salary and incentive paid in the plan year. In addition, all balances in the accounts of NEOs earn a fixed rate of interest that is credited annually. The interest rate for a particular year is based on the one-year constant maturity Treasury yield plus seven-tenths of one percentage point. Each NEO is vested in the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan. At retirement, or other termination of employment, an amount equal to the vested balance then credited to the account is payable to the NEO in the form of a lump sum or an annuity.

In 2008, non-union employee participants in the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan were offered the option to continue to receive pay credits in the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan or receive equivalent fixed contributions to the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Savings Plan, or 401(k) plan, with any such election becoming effective January 1, 2009. Messrs. Goodman and Anderson and Ms. Sammon elected the equivalent fixed 401(k) contribution option and, therefore, no longer receive pay credits in the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan; however, they each continue to receive interest credits.


147145



Nonqualified Deferred CompensationPotential Payments Upon Termination

Certain NEOs are entitled to post-termination payments in the event their employment is terminated under certain circumstances. We believe these post-termination payments are an important component of the competitive compensation package we offer to these NEOs.


142



Compensation Committee Report

The Compensation Committee, consisting of Messrs. Buffett and Scott, has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis with management and, based on this review and discussion, has recommended to the Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Warren E. Buffett
Walter Scott, Jr.

Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth information regarding compensation earned by each of our NEOs during the years indicated:
          Change in    
          Pension    
          Value and    
        Non-Equity Nonqualified    
Name and       Incentive Deferred All  
Principal   Base   Plan Compensation Other  
Position Year Salary 
Bonus(1)
 Compensation 
Earnings(2)
 
Compensation(3)
 
Total(4)
               
Gregory E. Abel, Chairman, President 2011 $1,000,000
 $7,000,000
 $
 $1,726,000
 $187,391
 $9,913,391
and Chief Executive Officer 2010 1,000,000
 6,000,000
 
 1,093,000
 352,642
 8,445,642
  2009 1,000,000
 5,000,000
 
 890,000
 266,699
 7,156,699
               
Patrick J. Goodman, Senior Vice 2011 360,000
 1,351,859
 
 508,000
 36,208
 2,256,067
President and Chief Financial 2010 340,000
 1,360,900
 
 320,000
 38,622
 2,059,522
Officer 2009 340,000
 1,292,543
 
 203,000
 58,667
 1,894,210
               
Douglas L. Anderson, Senior Vice 2011 310,000
 784,316
 
 5,000
 28,030
 1,127,346
President and General Counsel 2010 308,000
 905,687
 
 4,000
 48,329
 1,266,016
  2009 308,000
 922,618
 
 5,000
 51,650
 1,287,268
               
Maureen E. Sammon, Senior Vice 2011 226,000
 436,045
 
 5,000
 27,401
 694,446
President and Chief 2010 221,000
 569,333
 
 5,000
 38,723
 834,056
Administrative Officer 2009 221,000
 524,790
 
 5,000
 37,495
 788,285
               
David L. Sokol, former Chairman of 2011 231,250
 
 
 10,134,000
 18,649
 10,383,899
the Board of Directors(5)
 2010 750,000
 
 
 1,199,000
 50,836
 1,999,836
  2009 750,000
 6,000,000
 
 980,000
 252,926
 7,982,926

(1)Consists of annual cash incentive awards earned pursuant to the PIP for our NEOs, performance awards earned related to non-routine projects, and the vesting of LTIP awards and associated vested earnings. The breakout for 2011 is as follows:
      LTIP
    Performance Vested Vested  
  PIP Award Awards Earnings Total
           
Gregory E. Abel $7,000,000
 $
 $
 $
 $
Patrick J. Goodman 425,000
 150,000
 677,500
 99,359
 776,859
Douglas L. Anderson 300,000
 125,000
 352,450
 6,866
 359,316
Maureen E. Sammon 180,000
 
 228,757
 27,288
 256,045
David L. Sokol 
 
 
 
 

143




The ultimate payouts of LTIP awards are undeterminable as the amounts to be paid out may increase or decrease depending on investment performance. Net income, the net income target goal and the matrix below were used in determining the gross amount of the LTIP award available to the participants. Net income for determining the award and the award itself are subject to discretionary adjustment by the Chairman and CEO and Compensation Committee. In 2011, the gross award and per-point value were determined based on the overall achievement of our financial and non-financial objectives.

Net IncomeAward
Less than or equal to net income target goalNone
Exceeds net income target goal by 0.01% - 6.50%25% of excess
Exceeds net income target goal by more than 6.50%25% of the first 6.50% excess; and
35% of excess over 6.50%

Points are allocated among plan participants either as initial points or year-end performance points. A nominating committee recommends the point allocation, subject to approval by the Chairman and CEO, based upon a discretionary evaluation of individual achievement of financial and non-financial goals previously described herein. A participant's award equals the participants allocated points multiplied by the final per-point value, capped at 1.5 times base salary except in extraordinary circumstances.
(2)Amounts are based upon the aggregate increase in the actuarial present value of all qualified and nonqualified defined benefit plans, which include our cash balance and SERP, as applicable. Amounts are computed using assumptions consistent with those used in preparing the related pension disclosures in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K and are as of December 31, 2011. No participant in our DCP earned “above-market” or “preferential” earnings on amounts deferred.
(3)Amounts consist of vacation payouts and 401(k) contributions we paid on behalf of the NEOs, as well as perquisites and other personal benefits related to life insurance premiums, the personal use of corporate aircraft and financial planning and tax preparation that we paid on behalf of Messrs. Abel, Goodman, Anderson and Sokol. The personal use of corporate aircraft represents our incremental cost of providing this personal benefit determined by applying the percentage of flight hours used for personal use to our variable expenses incurred from operating our corporate aircraft. All other compensation is based upon amounts paid by us.
Items required to be reported and quantified are as follows: Mr. Abel - personal use of corporate aircraft of $149,785 and 401(k) contributions of $11,638; Mr. Goodman - 401(k) contributions of $27,563; Mr. Anderson - 401(k) contributions of $27,563; and Ms. Sammon - 401(k) contributions of $27,401.
(4)Any amounts voluntarily deferred by the NEO, if applicable, are included in the appropriate column in the summary compensation table.
(5)Mr. Sokol resigned effective April 21, 2011, at which time Mr. Abel, then President and Chief Executive Officer, was appointed Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer.

Pension Benefits

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the nonqualified deferred compensationdefined benefit pension plan accounts held by each of our NEOs atas of December 31, 2010:2011:
Aggregate
ExecutiveRegistrantAggregateAggregatebalance as of
contributi onscontributionsearningswithdrawals/December 31,
Name
in 2010(1)
in 2010in 2010distributions
2010(2)(3)
David L. Sokol$$$$$
Gregory E. Abel300,000179,7591,636,809
Patrick J. Goodman96,451(51,725)1,010,915
Douglas L. Anderson445,009203,895(45,915)
1,871,894
 Maureen E. Sammon255,135109,3071,100,385
    Number of    
    years Present value Payments
    credited of accumulated during last
Name Plan name 
service(1)
 
benefit(2)
 
fiscal year(3)
         
Gregory E. Abel SERP n/a $7,717,000
 $
  MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan n/a 264,000
 
         
Patrick J. Goodman SERP 17 years 1,438,000
 
  MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan 10 years 212,000
 
         
Douglas L. Anderson MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan 10 years 218,000
 
         
Maureen E. Sammon MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan 22 years 245,000
 
         
David L. Sokol SERP n/a 16,912,000
 750,000
  MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan n/a 
 301,687


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(1)The contribution amount shownpension benefits for Messrs. Abel and Sokol do not depend on their years of service, as both have already reached their maximum benefit levels based on their respective ages and previous triggering events described in their employment agreements. Mr. Abel is included inGoodman's credited years of service, for purposes of the 2010 total compensation reported for hi m in the Summary Compensation TableSERP only, includes 13 years of service with us and is notfour additional earned compensation. The contribution amounts shown for Mr. Anderson and Ms. Sammon include $306,784 and $150,411, respectively, earned toward their 2006 LTIP awards prior to 2010. Therefore, these amounts are not included in the 2010 total compensation reported for Mr. Anderson and Ms. Sammon, respectively, in the Summary Compensation Table.years of imputed service from a predecessor company.
(2)The aggregate balanceAmounts are computed using assumptions consistent with those used in preparing the related pension disclosures in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K and are as of December 31, 2010 shown2011, which is the measurement date for Messrs.the plans. The present value of accumulated benefits for the SERP was calculated using the following assumptions: (1) Mr. Abel - a 100% joint and Andersonsurvivor annuity; (2) Mr. Goodman - a 66 2/3% joint and Ms. Sammon includes $250,000, $124,286survivor annuity; and (3) Mr. Sokol - a 100% joint and survivor annuity. The present value of accumulated benefits for the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan was calculated using a lump sum payment assumption. The present value assumptions used in calculating the present value of accumulated benefits for both the SERP and the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan were as follows: a cash balance interest crediting rate of 0.81% in 2012 and 4.00% thereafter; a cash balance conversion rate of 4.75% in 2012 and thereafter; a discount rate of 4.75%; an d $137,228, respectively,expected retirement age of compensation previously reported in 2009 in65; postretirement mortality as prescribed by Internal Revenue Code Section 430(h)(3)(A) tables, separated by annuitant and non-annuitants; and cash balance conversion mortality using the Summary Compensation Table, and $250,000, $30,220 and $36,895, respectively, of compensation previously reported in 2008 in the Summary Compensation Table.Notice 2008-85 tables.
(3)Excludes the valueMr. Sokol's post-termination SERP benefit is $1 million annually, paid in monthly installments. He elected a one-time lump sum payment of 10,041 shareshis MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan benefit of our common stock reserved for issuance$301,687, which was paid to Mr. Abel. Mr. Abel deferred the right to receive the value of these shares pursuant to a legacy nonqualified deferred compensation plan.him on May 1, 2011.

Eligibility for our DCP is restricted to select management and highly compensated employees. The planSERP provides taxannual retirement benefits to eligible participants by allowing them to defer compensation on a pretax basis, thus reducing their current taxable income. Deferrals and any investment returns grow on a tax-deferred basis, thus participants pay no income tax until they receive distributions. The DCP permits participants to make a voluntary deferral of up to 50%65% of base salary and 100% of short-term incentivea participant's total cash compensation awards. All deferrals are net of social security taxes. Amounts deferred under the DCP receive a rate of return based on the returns of any combination of eight investment options offered by the plan and selected by the participant. Gains or losses are calculated daily, and returns are posted to accounts based on participants' fund allocation elections. Participants can change their fund allocations as of the end of any day on which the market is open.
The DCP allows participants to maintain three accounts based upon when they want to receive payments: retirement account, in-service account and education account. Both the retirement and in-service accounts can be distributed as lump sums or in up to 10 annual installments. The education account is distributed in four annual installments. If a participant leaves employmenteffect immediately prior to retirement, (age 55) all amounts insubject to an annual $1 million maximum retirement benefit. Total cash compensation means (i) the highest amount payable to a participant as monthly base salary during the five years immediately prior to retirement multiplied by 12, plus (ii) the average of the participant's accountawards under an annual incentive bonus program during the three years immediately prior to the year of retirement and (iii) special, additional or non-recurring bonus awards, if any, that are required to be included in total cash compensation pursuant to a participant's employment agreement or approved for inclusion by the Board of Directors. Mr. Goodman's SERP benefit will be reduced by the amount of his regular retirement benefit under the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan, his actuarially equivalent benefit under the fixed 401(k) contribution option and ratably for retirement between ages 55 and 65. A survivor benefit is payable to a surviving spouse under the SERP. Benefits from the SERP will be paid out of general corporate funds; however, through a Rabbi trust, we maintain life insurance on participants in amounts expected to be sufficient to fund the after-tax cost of the projected benefits. Deferred compensation is considered part of the salary covered by the SERP.

Under the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan, each NEO has an account, for record-keeping purposes only, to which credits are allocated annually based upon a percentage of the NEO's base salary and incentive paid in the plan year. In addition, all balances in the accounts of NEOs earn a fixed rate of interest that is credited annually. The interest rate for a particular year is based on the one-year constant maturity Treasury yield plus seven-tenths of one percentage point. Each NEO is vested in the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan. At retirement, or other termination of employment, an amount equal to the vested balance then credited to the account is payable to the NEO in the form of a lump sum as soon as administratively practicable. Participants are 100% vestedor an annuity.

In 2008, non-union employee participants in their deferrals and any investment gains or losses recorded in their accounts.
Participants in our LTIP also havethe MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan were offered the option of deferring allto continue to receive pay credits in the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan or a part of those awards afterreceive equivalent fixed contributions to the five-year mandatory deferralMidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Savings Plan, or 401(k) plan, with any such election becoming effective January 1, 2009. Messrs. Goodman and vesting period. The provisions governingAnderson and Ms. Sammon elected the deferral of LTIP awards are similarequivalent fixed 401(k) contribution option and, therefore, no longer receive pay credits in the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan; however, they each continue to those described for the DCP above.receive interest credits.


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Potential Payments Upon Termination

Certain NEOs are entitled to post-termination payments in the event their employment is terminated under certain circumstances. We believe these post-termination payments are an important component of the competitive compensation package we offer to these NEOs.


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Compensation Committee Report

The Compensation Committee, consisting of Messrs. Buffett and Scott, has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis with management and, based on this review and discussion, has recommended to the Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Warren E. Buffett
Walter Scott, Jr.

Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth information regarding compensation earned by each of our NEOs during the years indicated:
          Change in    
          Pension    
          Value and    
        Non-Equity Nonqualified    
Name and       Incentive Deferred All  
Principal   Base   Plan Compensation Other  
Position Year Salary 
Bonus(1)
 Compensation 
Earnings(2)
 
Compensation(3)
 
Total(4)
               
Gregory E. Abel, Chairman, President 2011 $1,000,000
 $7,000,000
 $
 $1,726,000
 $187,391
 $9,913,391
and Chief Executive Officer 2010 1,000,000
 6,000,000
 
 1,093,000
 352,642
 8,445,642
  2009 1,000,000
 5,000,000
 
 890,000
 266,699
 7,156,699
               
Patrick J. Goodman, Senior Vice 2011 360,000
 1,351,859
 
 508,000
 36,208
 2,256,067
President and Chief Financial 2010 340,000
 1,360,900
 
 320,000
 38,622
 2,059,522
Officer 2009 340,000
 1,292,543
 
 203,000
 58,667
 1,894,210
               
Douglas L. Anderson, Senior Vice 2011 310,000
 784,316
 
 5,000
 28,030
 1,127,346
President and General Counsel 2010 308,000
 905,687
 
 4,000
 48,329
 1,266,016
  2009 308,000
 922,618
 
 5,000
 51,650
 1,287,268
               
Maureen E. Sammon, Senior Vice 2011 226,000
 436,045
 
 5,000
 27,401
 694,446
President and Chief 2010 221,000
 569,333
 
 5,000
 38,723
 834,056
Administrative Officer 2009 221,000
 524,790
 
 5,000
 37,495
 788,285
               
David L. Sokol, former Chairman of 2011 231,250
 
 
 10,134,000
 18,649
 10,383,899
the Board of Directors(5)
 2010 750,000
 
 
 1,199,000
 50,836
 1,999,836
  2009 750,000
 6,000,000
 
 980,000
 252,926
 7,982,926

(1)Consists of annual cash incentive awards earned pursuant to the PIP for our NEOs, performance awards earned related to non-routine projects, and the vesting of LTIP awards and associated vested earnings. The breakout for 2011 is as follows:
      LTIP
    Performance Vested Vested  
  PIP Award Awards Earnings Total
           
Gregory E. Abel $7,000,000
 $
 $
 $
 $
Patrick J. Goodman 425,000
 150,000
 677,500
 99,359
 776,859
Douglas L. Anderson 300,000
 125,000
 352,450
 6,866
 359,316
Maureen E. Sammon 180,000
 
 228,757
 27,288
 256,045
David L. Sokol 
 
 
 
 

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The ultimate payouts of LTIP awards are undeterminable as the amounts to be paid out may increase or decrease depending on investment performance. Net income, the net income target goal and the matrix below were used in determining the gross amount of the LTIP award available to the participants. Net income for determining the award and the award itself are subject to discretionary adjustment by the Chairman and CEO and Compensation Committee. In 2011, the gross award and per-point value were determined based on the overall achievement of our financial and non-financial objectives.

Net IncomeAward
Less than or equal to net income target goalNone
Exceeds net income target goal by 0.01% - 6.50%25% of excess
Exceeds net income target goal by more than 6.50%25% of the first 6.50% excess; and
35% of excess over 6.50%

Points are allocated among plan participants either as initial points or year-end performance points. A nominating committee recommends the point allocation, subject to approval by the Chairman and CEO, based upon a discretionary evaluation of individual achievement of financial and non-financial goals previously described herein. A participant's award equals the participants allocated points multiplied by the final per-point value, capped at 1.5 times base salary except in extraordinary circumstances.
(2)Amounts are based upon the aggregate increase in the actuarial present value of all qualified and nonqualified defined benefit plans, which include our cash balance and SERP, as applicable. Amounts are computed using assumptions consistent with those used in preparing the related pension disclosures in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K and are as of December 31, 2011. No participant in our DCP earned “above-market” or “preferential” earnings on amounts deferred.
(3)Amounts consist of vacation payouts and 401(k) contributions we paid on behalf of the NEOs, as well as perquisites and other personal benefits related to life insurance premiums, the personal use of corporate aircraft and financial planning and tax preparation that we paid on behalf of Messrs. Abel, Goodman, Anderson and Sokol. The personal use of corporate aircraft represents our incremental cost of providing this personal benefit determined by applying the percentage of flight hours used for personal use to our variable expenses incurred from operating our corporate aircraft. All other compensation is based upon amounts paid by us.
Items required to be reported and quantified are as follows: Mr. Abel - personal use of corporate aircraft of $149,785 and 401(k) contributions of $11,638; Mr. Goodman - 401(k) contributions of $27,563; Mr. Anderson - 401(k) contributions of $27,563; and Ms. Sammon - 401(k) contributions of $27,401.
(4)Any amounts voluntarily deferred by the NEO, if applicable, are included in the appropriate column in the summary compensation table.
(5)Mr. Sokol resigned effective April 21, 2011, at which time Mr. Abel, then President and Chief Executive Officer, was appointed Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer.

Pension Benefits

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the defined benefit pension plan accounts held by each of our NEOs as of December 31, 2011:
    Number of    
    years Present value Payments
    credited of accumulated during last
Name Plan name 
service(1)
 
benefit(2)
 
fiscal year(3)
         
Gregory E. Abel SERP n/a $7,717,000
 $
  MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan n/a 264,000
 
         
Patrick J. Goodman SERP 17 years 1,438,000
 
  MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan 10 years 212,000
 
         
Douglas L. Anderson MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan 10 years 218,000
 
         
Maureen E. Sammon MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan 22 years 245,000
 
         
David L. Sokol SERP n/a 16,912,000
 750,000
  MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan n/a 
 301,687


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(1)The pension benefits for Messrs. Abel and Sokol do not depend on their years of service, as both have already reached their maximum benefit levels based on their respective ages and previous triggering events described in their employment agreements. Mr. Goodman's credited years of service, for purposes of the SERP only, includes 13 years of service with us and four additional years of imputed service from a predecessor company.
(2)Amounts are computed using assumptions consistent with those used in preparing the related pension disclosures in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K and are as of December 31, 2011, which is the measurement date for the plans. The present value of accumulated benefits for the SERP was calculated using the following assumptions: (1) Mr. Abel - a 100% joint and survivor annuity; (2) Mr. Goodman - a 66 2/3% joint and survivor annuity; and (3) Mr. Sokol - a 100% joint and survivor annuity. The present value of accumulated benefits for the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan was calculated using a lump sum payment assumption. The present value assumptions used in calculating the present value of accumulated benefits for both the SERP and the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan were as follows: a cash balance interest crediting rate of 0.81% in 2012 and 4.00% thereafter; a cash balance conversion rate of 4.75% in 2012 and thereafter; a discount rate of 4.75%; an expected retirement age of 65; postretirement mortality as prescribed by Internal Revenue Code Section 430(h)(3)(A) tables, separated by annuitant and non-annuitants; and cash balance conversion mortality using the Notice 2008-85 tables.
(3)Mr. Sokol's post-termination SERP benefit is $1 million annually, paid in monthly installments. He elected a one-time lump sum payment of his MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan benefit of $301,687, which was paid to him on May 1, 2011.

The SERP provides annual retirement benefits up to 65% of a participant's total cash compensation in effect immediately prior to retirement, subject to an annual $1 million maximum retirement benefit. Total cash compensation means (i) the highest amount payable to a participant as monthly base salary during the five years immediately prior to retirement multiplied by 12, plus (ii) the average of the participant's awards under an annual incentive bonus program during the three years immediately prior to the year of retirement and (iii) special, additional or non-recurring bonus awards, if any, that are required to be included in total cash compensation pursuant to a participant's employment agreement or approved for inclusion by the Board of Directors. Mr. Goodman's SERP benefit will be reduced by the amount of his regular retirement benefit under the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan, his actuarially equivalent benefit under the fixed 401(k) contribution option and ratably for retirement between ages 55 and 65. A survivor benefit is payable to a surviving spouse under the SERP. Benefits from the SERP will be paid out of general corporate funds; however, through a Rabbi trust, we maintain life insurance on participants in amounts expected to be sufficient to fund the after-tax cost of the projected benefits. Deferred compensation is considered part of the salary covered by the SERP.

Under the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan, each NEO has an account, for record-keeping purposes only, to which credits are allocated annually based upon a percentage of the NEO's base salary and incentive paid in the plan year. In addition, all balances in the accounts of NEOs earn a fixed rate of interest that is credited annually. The interest rate for a particular year is based on the one-year constant maturity Treasury yield plus seven-tenths of one percentage point. Each NEO is vested in the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan. At retirement, or other termination of employment, an amount equal to the vested balance then credited to the account is payable to the NEO in the form of a lump sum or an annuity.

In 2008, non-union employee participants in the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan were offered the option to continue to receive pay credits in the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan or receive equivalent fixed contributions to the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Savings Plan, or 401(k) plan, with any such election becoming effective January 1, 2009. Messrs. Goodman and Anderson and Ms. Sammon elected the equivalent fixed 401(k) contribution option and, therefore, no longer receive pay credits in the MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan; however, they each continue to receive interest credits.


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Nonqualified Deferred Compensation

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the nonqualified deferred compensation plan accounts held by each of our NEOs at December 31, 2011:
          Aggregate
  Executive Registrant Aggregate Aggregate balance as of
  contributions contributions earnings withdrawals/ December 31,
Name 
in 2011(1)
 in 2011 in 2011 distributions 
2011(2)(3)
           
Gregory E. Abel $350,000
 $
 $(9,445) $
 $1,977,363
           
Patrick J. Goodman 
 
 (3,613) 
 1,007,302
           
Douglas L. Anderson 588,790
 
 (34,906) (55,763) 2,370,016
           
 Maureen E. Sammon 276,538
 
 (6,897) 
 1,370,026
           
David L. Sokol 
 
 
   

(1)The contribution amount shown for Mr. Abel is included in the 2011 total compensation reported for him in the Summary Compensation Table and is not additional earned compensation. The contribution amounts shown for Mr. Anderson and Ms. Sammon include $397,111 and $189,471, respectively, earned toward their 2007 LTIP awards prior to 2011. Therefore, these amounts are not included in the 2011 total compensation reported for Mr. Anderson and Ms. Sammon, respectively, in the Summary Compensation Table.
(2)The aggregate balance as of December 31, 2011 shown for Messrs. Abel and Anderson and Ms. Sammon includes $300,000, $278,682 and $173,467, respectively, of compensation previously reported in 2010 in the Summary Compensation Table, and $250,000, $245,233 and $194,118, respectively, of compensation previously reported in 2009 in the Summary Compensation Table.
(3)Excludes the value of 10,041 shares of our common stock reserved for issuance to Mr. Abel. Mr. Abel deferred the right to receive the value of these shares pursuant to a legacy nonqualified deferred compensation plan.

Eligibility for our DCP is restricted to select management and highly compensated employees. The plan provides tax benefits to eligible participants by allowing them to defer compensation on a pretax basis, thus reducing their current taxable income. Deferrals and any investment returns grow on a tax-deferred basis, thus participants pay no income tax until they receive distributions. The DCP permits participants to make a voluntary deferral of up to 50% of base salary and 100% of short-term incentive compensation awards. All deferrals are net of social security taxes. Amounts deferred under the DCP receive a rate of return based on the returns of any combination of eight investment options offered by the plan and selected by the participant. Gains or losses are calculated daily, and returns are posted to accounts based on participants' fund allocation elections. Participants can change their fund allocations as of the end of any day on which the market is open.

The DCP allows participants to maintain three accounts based upon when they want to receive payments: retirement account, in-service account and education account. Both the retirement and in-service accounts can be distributed as lump sums or in up to 10 annual installments. The education account is distributed in four annual installments. If a participant leaves employment prior to retirement (age 55) all amounts in the participant's account will be paid out in a lump sum as soon as administratively practicable. Participants are 100% vested in their deferrals and any investment gains or losses recorded in their accounts.

Participants in our LTIP also have the option of deferring all or a part of those awards after the five-year mandatory deferral and vesting period. The provisions governing the deferral of LTIP awards are similar to those described for the DCP above.

Potential Payments Upon Termination

We have entered into employment agreements with Messrs. Sokol, Abel, Goodman and GoodmanSokol that provide for payments following termination of employment under various circumstances, which do not include change-in-control provisions.


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Mr. Sokol's employment will terminate upon his resignation, permanent disability, death, termination by us with or without cause, or our failure to provide Mr. Sokol with the compensation or to maintain the job respon sibilities set forth in his employment agreement. A termination of employment of either Messrs. Abel or Goodman will occur upon his resignation (with or without good reason), permanent disability, death, or termination by us with or without cause. Mr. Sokol's employment terminated upon his resignation in April 2011.


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The employment agreements for Messrs. SokolAbel and AbelSokol also include provisions specific to the calculation of their respective SERP benefits.

Neither Mr. Anderson nor Ms. Sammon has an employment agreement. Where a NEO does not have an employment agreement, or in the event that the agreements for Messrs. Sokol, Abel, Goodman and GoodmanSokol do not address an issue, payments upon termination are determined by the applicable plan documents and our general employment policies and practices as discussed below.

The following discussion provides further detail on post-termination payments.
David L. Sokol
Mr. Sokol's employment agreement provides that in the event Mr. Sokol is terminated as Chairman of the Board due to death, disability or other than for cause, he is entitled to (i) any accrued but unpaid ba se salary plus an amount equal to the aggregate annual base salary that would have been paid to him through the fifth anniversary of the date he commenced his employment solely as Chairman of the Board and (ii) the continuation of his senior executive employee benefits (or the economic equivalent thereof) through such fifth anniversary.
Payments made in accordance with the employment agreement are contingent on Mr. Sokol complying with the confidentiality and post-employment restrictions described therein. The term of the agreement is the period of time beginning on the date Mr. Sokol relinquished his position as CEO, April 16, 2008, and ending on the fifth anniversary of such date, April 16, 2013, unless earlier terminated pursuant to the agreement.
The following table sets forth the estimated enhancements to payments pursuant to the termination scenarios described above. Payments or benefits that are not enhanced in form or amount upon the occurrence of a particular termination scenario, which include 401(k) account balances and those portions of life insurance benefits and cash balance pension amounts that would have otherwise been paid, are not included herein. All estimated payments reflected in the table below assume termination on December 31, 2010, and are payable as lump sums unless otherwise noted.
CashLifeBenefitsExcise and
Termination Scenario
Severance(1)
Incentive
Insurance(2)
Pension(3)
Continuation(4)
& nbsp;
Other Taxes(5)
Retirement& nbsp;$$$
$8,100,000$$Involuntary Without Cause, Company1,718,7508,100,00057,145Breach and Disability  ;Death1,718,750
1,410,980
7,228,00057,145
(1)    The cash severance payments are determined in accordance with Mr. Sokol's employment agreement.
(2)    Life insurance benefits are equal to two times base salary, as of the preceding June 1, less the benefits otherwise payable in all other termination scenarios, which are equal to the total cash value of the policies less cumulative premiums paid by us.
(3)    Pension values represent the excess of the present value of benefits payable under each termination scenario over the amount already reflected in the Pension Benefits Ta ble. Mr. Sokol's death scenario is based on a 100% joint and survivor with 15-year certain annuity commencing immediately. Mr. Sokol's other termination scenarios are based on a 100% joint and survivor annuity commencing immediately.
(4)    Includes health and welfare, life insurance and financial planning and tax preparation benefits through the fifth anniversary of the date Mr. Sokol commenced his employment solely as Chairman of the Board. The health and welfare benefit amounts are estimated using the rates we currentl y charge employees terminating employment but electing to continue their medical, dental and vision insurance after termination. These amounts are grossed-up for taxes and then reduced by the amount Mr. Sokol would have paid if he had continued his employment. The life insurance benefit amounts are based on the cost of individual policies offering benefits equivalent to our group coverage and are grossed-up for taxes. These amounts also assume benefit continuation for the entire five year period, with no offset by another employer. We will also continue to provide financial planning and tax preparation reimbursement, or the economic equivalent thereof, for five years or pay a lump sum cash amount to keep Mr. Sokol in the same economic position on an after-tax basis. The amount included is based on an annual estimated cost using the most recent three-year average annual reimbursement. If it is determined that benefits paid with respect to the extension of medical and dental benefits to Mr. Sokol would not be exempt from taxation under the Internal Revenue Code, we shall pay to Mr. Sokol a lump sum cash payment following separation from service to allow him to obtain equivalent medical and dental benefits and which would put him in the same after-tax economic position.

149


(5)    As provided in Mr. Sokol's employment agreement, should it be deemed under Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code that termination payments constitute excess parachute payments subject to an excise tax, we will gross up such payments to cover the excise tax and any additional taxes associated with such gross-up. Based on computations prescribed under Section 280G and related regulations, we do not believe that any of the termination scenarios are subject to any excise tax.
Gregory E. Abel

Mr. Abel's employment agreement entitles him to receive two years base salary continuation and payments in respect of average bonuses for the prior two years in the event we terminate his employment other than for cause. The payments are to be paid as a lump sum with no discount for present valuation.

In addition, if Mr. Abel's employment is terminated due to death, permanent disability or other than for cause, he is entitled to continuation of his senior executive employee benefits (or the economic equivalent thereof) for two years. If Mr. Abel resigns, we must pay him any accrued but unpaid base salary, unless he resigns for good reason, in which case he will receive the same benefits as if he were terminated other than for cause.

Payments made in accordance with the employment agreement are contingent on Mr. Abel complying with the confidentiality and post-employment restrictions described therein. The term of the agreement effectively expires on August 6, 2015,2016, and is extended automatically for additional one year terms thereafter subject to Mr. Abel's election to decline renewal at least 365 days prior to the August 6 that is four years prior to the current expiration date (or by August 6, 20112012 for the agreement not to extend to August 6, 2016)2017).

The following table sets forth the estimated enhancements to payments pursuant to the termination scenarios indicated. Payments or benefits that are not enhanced in form or amount upon the occurrence of a particular termination scenario, which include 401(k) and nonqualified deferred compensation account balances and those portions of life insurance benefits and cash balance pension amounts that would have otherwise been paid, are not included herein. All estimated payments reflected in the table below assume termination on December 31, 2010,2011, and are payable as lump sums unless otherwise noted.
 
Cash
   Life   Benefits Excise and Cash   Life   Benefits Excise and
Termination Scenario 
Severance(1)
 Incentive 
Insurance(2)
 
Pension(3)
 
Continuation(4)
 
Other Taxes(5)
 
Severance(1)
 Incentive 
Insurance(2)
 
Pension(3)
 
Continuation(4)
 
Other Taxes(5)
          
 
             
Retirement, Voluntary and Involuntary $  $  $  $10,927,000  $  $  $
 $
 $
 $10,980,000
 $
 $
With Cause                        
                        
Involuntary Without Cause, Disability and 13,000,000      10,927,000  57,193
 
   15,000,000
 
 
 10,980,000
 54,244
 
Voluntary With Good Reason                        
                        
Death 13,000,000 
 
  1,942,290  10,526,000  57,193    15,000,000
 
 1,923,475
 10,432,000
 54,244
 

(1)The cash severance payments are determined in accordance with Mr. Abel's employment agreement.
(2)
Life insurance benefits are equal to two times base salary, as of the preceding June 1, less the benefits otherwise payable in all other termination scenarios, which are equal to the total cash value of the policies less cumulative premiums paid by us.
(3)Pension values represent the excess of th ethe present value of benefits payable under each termination scenario over the amount already reflected in the Pension Benefits Table. Mr. Abel's death scenario is based on a 100% joint and survivor with 15-year certain annuity commencing immediately. Mr. Abel's other termination scenarios are based on a 100% joint and survivor annuity commencing immediately.
(4)Includes health and welfare, life insurance and financial planning and tax preparation benefits for two years. The health and welfare benefit amounts are estimated using the rates we currently charge employees terminating employment but electing to continue their medical, dental and vision insurance after termination. These amounts are grossed-up for taxes and then reduced by the amount Mr. Abel would have paid if he had continued his employment. The life insurance benefit amounts are based on the cost of individual policies offering benefits equivalent to our group coverage and are grossed-up for taxes. These amounts also assume benefit continuation for the entire two year period, with no offset by another employer. We will also continue to provide financial planning and tax preparation reimbursement, or the economic equivalent thereof, for two years or pay a lump sum cash amount to keep Mr. Abel in the same economic position on an after-tax basis. The amount included is based on an annual estimated cost using the most recent three-year average annual reimbursement. If it is determined that benefits paid with respect to the extension of medical and dental benefits to Mr. Abel w ouldwould not be exempt from taxation under the Internal Revenue Code, we shall pay to Mr. Abel a lump sum cash payment following separation from service to allow him to obtain equivalent medical and dental benefits and which would put him in the same after-tax economic position.

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(5)As provided in Mr. Abel's employment agreement, should it be deemed under Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code that termination payments constitute excess parachute payments subject to an excise tax, we will gross up such payments to cover the excise tax and any additiona ladditional taxes associated with such gross-up. Based on computations prescribed under Section 280G and related regulations, we do not believe that any of the termination scenarios are subject to any excise tax.

150


Patrick J. Goodman
Mr. Goodman's employment agreem entagreement entitles him to receive two years base salary continuation and payments in respect of average bonuses for the prior two years in the event we terminate his employment other than for cause. The payments are to be paid as a lump sum with no discount for present valuation.

In addition, if Mr. Goodman's employment is terminated due to death, permanent disability or other than for cause, he is entitled to continuation of his senior executive employee benefits (or the economic equivalent thereof) for one year. If Mr. Goodman resigns, we must pay him any accrued but unpaid base salary, unless he resigns for good reason, in which case he will receive the same benefits as if he were terminated other than for cause.

Payments made in accordance with the employment agreement are contingent on Mr. Goodman complying with the confidentiality and post-employment restrictions described therein. The term of the agreement expires on April 21, 2012,2013, but is extended automatically for additional one year terms thereafter subject to Mr. Goodman's election to decline renewal at least 365 days prior to the then current expiration date or termination.

The following table sets forth the estimated enhancements to payments pursuant to the termination scenarios indicated. Payments or benefits that are n otnot enhanced in form or amount upon the occurrence of a particular termination scenario, which include 401(k) and nonqualified deferred compensation account balances and those portions of long-term incentive payments, life insurance benefits and cash balance pension amounts that would have otherwise been paid, are not included herein. All estimated payments reflected in the table below assume termination on December 31, 2010,2011, and are payable as lump sums unless otherwise noted.
  Cash   Life   Benefits Excise and
Termination Scenario 
Severance(1)
 
Incentive(2)
 
Insurance(3)
 
Pension(4)
 
Continuation(5)
 
Other Taxes(6)
           
 
 
Retirement and Voluntary $  $  $  $804,000  $  $ 
             
Involuntary With Cause            
             
Involuntary Without Cause and Voluntary 2,617,500     
804,00016,998& nbsp;With Good Reason
Death2,617,5001,535,774662,6533,921,00016,998
Disability2,617,5001,535,7742,182,00016,998
  Cash   Life   Benefits Excise and
Termination Scenario 
Severance(1)
 
Incentive(2)
 
Insurance(3)
 
Pension(4)
 
Continuation(5)
 
Other Taxes(6)
             
Retirement and Voluntary $
 $
 $
 $983,000
 $
 $
             
Involuntary With Cause 
 
 
 
 
 
             
Involuntary Without Cause and Voluntary 3,095,000
 
 
 983,000
 16,952
 
With Good Reason            
             
Death 3,095,000
 1,452,616
 697,747
 3,815,000
 16,952
 
             
Disability 3,095,000
 1,452,616
 
 2,576,000
 16,952
 

(1)The cash severance payments are determined in accordance with Mr. Goodman's employment agreement.
(2)
Amounts represent the unvested portion of Mr. Goodman's LTIP account, which becomes 100% vested upon his death or disability.
(3)Life insurance benefits are equal to two times base salary, as of the preceding June 1, less the benefits otherwise payable in all other termination scenarios, which are equal to the total cash value of the pol iciespolicies less cumulative premiums paid by us.
(4)Pension values represent the excess of the present value of benefits payable under each termination scenario over the amount already reflected in the Pension Benefits Table. Mr. Goodman's voluntary termination, retirement, involuntary without cause, and change in control termination scenarios are based on a 66 2/3% joint and survivor annuity commencing at age 55 (reductions for termination prior to age 55 and commencement prior to age 65). Mr. Goodman's disability scenario is b asedbased on a 66 2/3% joint and survivor annuity commencing at age 55 (no reduction for termination prior to age 55, reduced for commencement prior to age 65). Mr. Goodman's death scenario is based on a 15-year certain only annuity commencing immediately (no reduction for termination prior to age 55 and commencement prior to age 65).
(5)Includes health and welfare, life insurance and financial planning and tax preparation benefits for one year. The health and welfare benefit amounts are estimated using the rates we currently charge employees terminating employment but electing to continue their medical, dental and vision insurance after termination. These amounts are grossed-up for taxes and then reduced by the amount Mr. Goodman would have paid if he had continued his employment. The life insurance benefit amounts are based on the cost of individual policies offering benefits equivalent to our group coverage and are grossed-up for taxes. These amounts also assume benefit continuation for the entire one year period, with no offset by another employer. We will also continue to provide financial planning and tax preparation reimbursement, or the economic equivalent thereof, for one year or pay a lump sum cash amount to keep Mr. Goodman in the same economic position on an after-tax basis. The amount included is based on an annual estimated cost using the most recent three-year average annual reimbursement.

148



(6)As provided in Mr. Goodman's employment agreement, should it be deemed under Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code that termination payments constitute excess parachute payments subject to an excise tax, we will gross up such payments to cover the excise tax and any additional taxes associated with such gross-up. Based on computations prescribed under Section 280G and related regulations, we do not believe that any of the termination scenarios are subject to any excise tax.

151


Douglas L. Anderson

The following table sets forth the estimated enhancements to payments pursuant to the termination scenarios indicated. Payments or benefits that are not enhanced in form or amount upon the occurrence of a particular termination scenario, which include 401(k) and nonqualified deferred compensation account balances and those portions o f long-term incentive payments and cash balance pension amounts that would have otherwise been paid, are not included herein. All estimated payments reflected in the table below assume termination on December 31, 2010, and are payable as lump sums unless otherwise noted.
CashLifeBenefitsExcise and
Termination ScenarioSeverance
Incentive(1)
Insurance
Pension(2)
ContinuationOther Taxes
Retirement, Voluntary and Involuntary With or$$$$28,000$$
Without Cause
Death and Disability775,53628,000
(1)    Amounts represent the unvested portion of Mr. Anderson's LTIP account, which becomes 100% vested upon his death or disability.
(2)    Pension values represent the excess of the present va lue of benefits payable under each termination scenario over the amount already reflected in the Pension Benefits Table.
Maureen E. Sammon
The following table sets forth the estimated enhancements to payments pursuant to the termination scenarios indicated. Payments or benefits that are not enhanced in form or amount upon the occurrence of a particular termination scenario, which include 401(k) and nonqualified deferred compensation account balances and those portions of long-term incentive payments and cash balance pension amounts that would have otherwise been paid, are not included herein. All estimated payments reflected in the table below assume termination on December 31, 2010,2011, and are payable as lump sums unless otherwise noted.
CashLifeBenefitsExcise and
Termination ScenarioSeverance
Incentive(1)
Insurance
Pension(2)
ContinuationOther Taxes
Retirement, Voluntary and Involuntary With or$$$$42,000$$
Without Caus e
Death and Disability530,20042,000
  Cash   Life   Benefits Excise and
Termination Scenario Severance 
Incentive(1)
 Insurance 
Pension(2)
 Continuation Other Taxes
             
Retirement, Voluntary and Involuntary With or $
 $
 $
 $26,000
 $
 $
Without Cause            
             
Death and Disability 
 606,451
 
 26,000
 
 

(1)Amounts represent the unvested portion of Ms. Sammon'sMr. Anderson's LTIP account, which becomes 100% vested upon herhis death or disability.
(2)Pension values represent the excess of the present value of benefits payable under each termination scenario over the amount already reflected in the Pension Benefits Table.

Maureen E. Sammon

The following table sets forth the estimated enhancements to payments pursuant to the termination scenarios indicated. Payments or benefits that are not enhanced in form or amount upon the occurrence of a particular termination scenario, which include 401(k) and nonqualified deferred compensation account balances and those portions of long-term incentive payments and cash balance pension amounts that would have otherwise been paid, are not included herein. All estimated payments reflected in the table below assume termination on December 31, 2011, and are payable as lump sums unless otherwise noted.
  Cash   Life   Benefits Excise and
Termination Scenario Severance 
Incentive(1)
 Insurance 
Pension(2)
 Continuation Other Taxes
             
Retirement, Voluntary and Involuntary With or $
 $
 $
 $40,000
 $
 $
Without Cause            
             
Death and Disability 
 434,837
 
 40,000
 
 

(1)Amounts represent the unvested portion of Ms. Sammon's LTIP account, which becomes 100% vested upon her death or disability.
(2)Pension values represent the excess of the present value of benefits payable under each termination scenario over the amount already reflected in the Pension Benefits Table.

David L. Sokol

Mr. Sokol resigned effective April 21, 2011. In accordance with the terms of his employment agreement, no cash severance, incentive payment or continuation of benefits was owed to him. He elected to cash out his executive life insurance policy and was paid $97,686 on November 1, 2011, following our release of the collateral assignment. His post-termination SERP benefit is $1 million annually, paid in monthly installments. He elected a one-time lump sum payment of his MidAmerican Energy Company Retirement Plan benefit in the amount of $301,687, which was paid to him on May 1, 2011.

Director Compensation

Our directors are not paid any fees for serving as directors. All directors are reimbursed for their expenses incurred in attending Board of Directors meetings.


149



Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

Mr. Buffett is the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of Berkshire Hathaway, our majority owner. Mr. Scott is a former officer of ours. Based on the standards of the New York Stock Exchange LLC, on which the common stock of our majority owner, Berkshire Hathaway, is listed, our Board of Directors has determined that Messrs. Buffett and Scott are not independent because of their ownership of our common stock. None of our executive officers serves as a member of the compensation committee of any company that has an executive officer serving as a member of our Board of Directors. None of our executive officers serves as a member of the board of directors of any company that has an executive officer serving as a member of our Compensation Committee. See also Item 13 of this Form 10-K.


152


Item 12.     Security Ownership of Certai nCertain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Beneficial Ownership

We are a consolidated subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway. The balance of our common stock is owned by Mr. Scott (along with family members and related entities) and Mr. Abel. The following table sets forth certain information regarding beneficial ownership of our shares of common stock held by each of our directors, executive officers and all of our directors and executive officers as a group as of January 31, 2011:2012:
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1)
 
Number of Shares Beneficially Owned(2)
 
Percentage Of Class(2)
 
Number of Shares Beneficially Owned(2)
 
Percentage Of Class(2)
        
Berkshire Hathaway(3)
 67,035,061  89.85% 67,035,061
 89.85%
Walter Scott, Jr.(4)
 4,200,000  5.63% 4,200,000
 5.63%
David L. Sokol    
Gregory E. Abel 595,940  0.80% 595,940
 0.80%
Douglas L. Anderson
 
    
 
Warren E. Buffett(5)
     
 
Patrick J. Goodman     
 
Marc D. Hamburg(5)
     
 
Maureen E. Sammon     
 
All directors and executive officers as a group (8 persons) 4,795,940  6.43%
All directors and executive officers as a group (7 persons) 4,795,940
 6.43%

(1)&n bsp;   Unless otherwise indicated, each address is c/o MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company at 666 Grand Avenue, 29th Floor, Des Moines, Iowa 50309.
(2)Includes shares of which the listed beneficial owner is deemed to have the right to acquire beneficial ownership under Rule 13d-3(d) unde runder the Securities Exchange Act, including, among other things, shares which the listed beneficial owner has the right to acquire within 60 days.
(3)Such beneficial owner's address is 1440 Kiewit Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68131.
(4)Excludes 2,778,000 shares held by family members and family controlled trusts and corporations, or Scott Family Interests, as to which Mr. Scott disclaims beneficial ownership. Mr. Scott's address is 1000 Kiewit Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68131.
(5)Excludes 67,035,061 shares of common stock held by Berkshire Hathaway as to which Messrs. Buffett and Hamburg disclaim beneficial ownership.


153150



The following table sets forth certain information regarding beneficial ownership of Class A and Class B shares of Berkshire Hathaway's common stock held by each of our directors, executive officers and all of our directors and executive officers as a group as of January 31, 2011:2012:
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1)
 
Number of Shares Beneficially Owned(2)
 
Percentage Of Class(2)
 
Number of Shares Beneficially Owned(2)
 
Percentage Of Class(2)
        
Walter Scott, Jr.(3)(4)
 
       
Class A 100  * 
Class B    
David L. Sokol(4)
    
Class A 1,418  *  100
 *
Class B 4,250  *  
 
Gregory E. Abel(4)
        
Class A 1  *  5
 *
Class B 1,930  *  2,289
 *
Douglas L. Anderson        
Class A 4  *  4
 *
Class B 300  *  300
 *
Warren E. Buffett(5)
  &n bsp;     
Class A 350,000
 
 37.1% 350,000
 37.3%
Class B 50,063,363  4.7% 26,153,883
 2.5%
Patrick J. Goodman        
Class A 4  *  4
 *
Class B 660  
*
  660
 *
Marc D. Hamburg        
Class A     
 
Class B     
 
Maureen E. Sammon        
Class A     
 
Class B 2,350 &nb sp;*  3,102
 *
All directors and executive officers as a group (8 persons)    
All directors and executive officers as a group (7 persons)    
Class A 351,527  37.2
%
 350,113
 37.3%
Class B 50,072,853  4.7% 26,160,234
 2.5%
        
* Less than 1%        

(1)Unless otherwise indicated, each address is c/o MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company at 666 Grand Avenue, 29th Floor, Des Moines, Iowa 50309.
(2)Includes shares which the listed beneficial owner is deemed to have the right to acquire beneficial ownership under Rule 13d-3(d) under the Securities Exchange Act, including, among other things, shares which the listed beneficial owner has the right to acquire within 60 days.
(3)Does not include 10 Class A shares owned by Mr. Scott's wife. Mr. Scott's address is 1000 Kiewit Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68131.
(4)
In accordance with a shareholders agreement, as amended on Decembe rDecember 7, 2005, based on an assumed value for our common stock and the closing price of Berkshire Hathaway common stock on January 31, 2011,2012, Mr. Scott and the Scott Family Interests and Mr. Abel would be entitled to exchange their shares of our common stock for either 13,11015,089 and 1,120,1,289, respectively, shares of Berkshire Hathaway Class A stock or 19,632,29422,704,989 and 1,676,651,1,939,067, respectively, shares of Berkshire Hathaway Class B stock. Assuming an exchange of all available MEHC shares into either Berkshire Hathaway Class A shares or Berkshire Hathaway Class B shares, Mr. Scott and the Scott Family Interests would beneficially own 1.4%1.6% of the outstanding shares of Berkshire Hathaway Class A stock or 1.8%2.1% of the outstanding shares of Berkshire Hathaway Class B stock, and Mr. Abel would beneficially own less than 1% of the outstanding shares of either class of stock.
(5)Mr. Buffett's address is 1440 Kiewit Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68131.


154


Other Matters
Mr. Sokol's employment agreement gives him the right during the term of his employment to serve as a member of the Board of Directors and to nominate two additional directors.

Pursuant to a shareholders' agreement, as amended on December 7, 2005, Mr. Scott or any of the Scott Family Interests and Mr. Abel are able to require Berkshire Hathaway to exchange any or all of their respective sh aresshares of our common stock for shares of Berkshire Hathaway common stock. The number of shares of Berkshire Hathaway common stock to be exchanged is based on the fair market value of our common stock divided by the closing price of the Berkshire Hathaway common stock on the day prior to the date of exchange.

151




Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

The Berkshire Hathaway Inc. Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and the MEHC Code of Business Conduct, or the Codes, which apply to all of our directors, officers and employees and those of our subsidiaries, generally govern the review, approval or ratification of any related-person transaction. A related-person transaction is one in which we or any of our subsidiaries participate and in which one or more of our directors, executive officers, holders of more than five percent of our voting securities or any of such persons' immediate family members have a direct or indirect material interest.

Under the Codes, all of our directors and executive officers (including those of our subsidiaries) must disclose to our legal department any material transaction or relationship that reasonably could be expected to give rise to a conflict with our interests. No action may be taken with respect to such transaction or relationship until approved by the legal department. For our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, prior approval for any such transaction or relationship must be given by Berkshire Hathaway's audit committee. In addition, prior legal department approval must be obtained before a director or executive officer can accept employment, offices or board positions in other for-profit businesses, or engage in his or her own business that raises a potent ialpotential conflict or appearance of conflict with our interests. Transactions with Berkshire Hathaway require the approval of our Board of Directors.

AtAs of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, Berkshire Hathaway and its affiliates held 11% mandatorily redeemable preferred securities due from certain of our wholly owned subsidiary trusts with liquidation preferences of $165$22 million and $353$165 million, respectively. Principal repayments and interest expense on these securities totaled $189$143 million and $30$13 million, respectively, during 2010.2011.

Director Independence

Based on the standards of the New York Stock Exchange LLC, on which the common stock of our majority owner, Berkshire Hathaway, is listed, our Board of Directors has determined that none of our directors are considered independent because of their employment by Berkshire Hathaway or us or their ownership of our common stock.


155152



Item 14.Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Item 14.Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The following table shows the Company's fees paid or accrued for audit and audit-related services and fees paid for tax and all other services rendered by Deloitte & Touche LLP, the member firms of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, and their respective affiliates (collectively, the "Deloitte Entities") for each of the last two years (in millions):
2010 20092011 2010
      
Audit fees(1)
$
4.4  $5.3 $4.5
 $4.4
Audit-related fees(2)
0.6  0.7 0.7
 0.6
Tax fees(3)
0.2  0.2 0.2
 0.2
All other fees   
 
Total aggregate fees billed$5.2  $6.2 
Total$5.4
 $5.2

(1)Audit fees include fees for the audit of the Company's consolidated financial statements and interim reviews of the Company's quarterly financial statements, audit services provided in connection with required statutory audits of certain of MEHC's subsidiaries and comfort letters, consents and other services related to SEC matters.
(2)Audit-related fees primarily include fees for assurance and related services for any other statutory or regulatory requirements, audits of certain subsidiary employee benefit plans and consultations on various accounting and reporting matters.
(3)Tax fees include fees for services relating to tax compliance, tax planning and tax advice. These services include assistance regarding federal, state and international tax compliance, tax return preparation and tax audits.

The audit committee reviewed and approvedhas considered whether the non-audit services renderedprovided to the Company by the Deloitte Entities in and for fiscal 2010 as set forth inimpaired the above tableindependence of the Deloitte Entities and concluded that the non-audit services were compatible with maintaining the principal accountant's independence. Under the Sar banes-Oxley Actthey did not. All of 2002, all audit and non-auditthe services performed by the principal accountant requireDeloitte Entities were pre-approved in accordance with the approval in advancepre-approval policy adopted by the audit committee. The policy provides guidelines for the audit, audit-related, tax and other non-audit services that may be provided by the Deloitte Entities to the Company. The policy (a) identifies the guiding principles that must be considered by the audit committee in orderapproving services to assureensure that such services dothe Deloitte Entities' independence is not impair the principal accountant's independence from the Company. Accordingly,impaired; (b) describes the audit, committee has an Auditaudit-related and Non-Audit Services Pre-Approval Policy (the "Policy")tax services that may be provided and the non-audit services that are prohibited; and (c) sets forth pre-approval requirements for all permitted services. Under the procedures and the conditions pursuantpolicy, requests to which services to be performed by the principal accountant are to be pre-approved. Pursuant to the Policy, certain services described in detail in the Policy may be pre-approved on an annual basis together with pre-approved maximum fee levels for such services. The services eligible for annual pre-approval consist ofprovide services that would be included under the categories of Audit Fees, Audit-Related Fees and Tax Fees. If not pre-approved on an annual basis, proposed services must otherwise be separately approved prior to being performed by the principal accountant. In addition, any services that receive annual pre-approval but exceed the pre-approved maximum fee level also will require separatespecific approval by the audit committee priorwill be submitted to being performed. The Policy does not delegate to management the audit committee's responsibilitiescommittee by both MEHC's independent auditor and its Chief Financial Officer. All requests for services to pre-approve services performedbe provided by the principal accountant.independent auditor that do not require specific approval by the audit committee will be submitted to MEHC's Chief Financial Officer and must include a detailed description of the services to be rendered. The Chief Financial Officer will determine whether such services are included within the list of services that have received the general pre-approval of the audit committee. The audit committee will be informed on a timely basis of any such services rendered by the independent auditor.


156153



PART IV

Item 15.Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Item 15.Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a)Financial Statements and Schedules 
      
 (i)Financial Statements 
      
  Consolidated Financial Statements are included in Item 8.
      
 (ii)Financial Statement Schedules 
      
  See Schedule I.
  See Schedule II.
      
  Schedules not listed above have been omitted because they are either not applicable, not required or the information required to be set forth therein is included on the Consolidated Financial Statements or notes thereto. 
      
(b)Exhibits
      
 The exhibits listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed as part of this Annual Report.
      
(c)Financial statements required by Regulation S-X, which are excluded from the Annual Report by Rule 14a-3(b). 
      
 Not applicable. 



157154



Schedule I

MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company
Parent Company Only
Condensed Balance Sheets
As of December 31, 20102011 and 20092010
(Amounts in millions)
2010 20092011 2010
ASSETS
Current assets:      
Cash and cash equivalents$18  $17 $13
 $18
Accounts receivable25   3
 25
Accounts receivable - affiliate
 10
Income taxes receivable127
 
Other current assets13  9 13
 13
Total current assets56  26 156
 66
      
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated subsidiaries16,930  16,102 
Investments in subsidiaries19,483
 18,841
Other investments1,276  2,080 588
 1,276
Equipment, net
15  20 
Goodwill1,289  1,289 1,289
 1,289
Other assets33  38 548
 195
      
Total assets$19,599  $19,555 $22,064
 $21,667
      
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
   
Current liabilities:      
Accounts payable and other current liabilities$140  $288 $163
 $140
Short-term debt284  50 108
 284
Current portion of senior debt742
 
Current portion of subordinated debt
143
  188 22
 143
Total current liabilities
567  526 1,035
 567
      
Senior debt5,371  5,371 4,621
 5,371
Subordinated debt172  402 
 172
Notes payable - affiliate1,963
 1,841
Other long-term liabilities251  677 346
 478
Total liabilities6,361  6,976 7,965
 8,429
      
Equity:      
MEHC shareholders' equity:      
Common stock - 115 shares authorized, no par value, 75 shares issued and outstanding  ;  
 
Additional paid-in capital5,427  5,453 5,423
 5,427
Retained earnings7,979  6,788 9,310
 7,979
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net(174) 335 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net(641) (174)
Total MEHC shareholders' equity13,23 2  12,576 14,092
 13,232
Noncontrolling interest6  3 7
 6
Total equity13,238  12,579 14,099
 13,238
      
Total liabilities and equity$19,599  $19,555 $22,064
 $21,667

The accompanying notes to the consolidated MEHC financial statements are an integral part of this financial statement schedule.

158155



Schedule I
MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company    
Parent Company Only (continued)
Condensed Statements of Operations
For the three years ended December 31, 20102011
(Amounts in millions)

 2010 2009 2008
      
Revenue:    
Equity earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries$1,457$1,506
$2,074Interest and other income2414226Total revenue1,4811,5202,300Costs and expenses:General and administration4217234Depreciation and amortization1Interest421445
487Other, net16Total costs and expenses463
618537Income before income tax benefit1,0189021,763Income tax benefit(220)(255)(87)Net income attributable to MEHC$1,238$1,157$1,850
 2011 2010 2009
      
Operating costs and expenses:     
General and administration35
 42
 172
Depreciation and amortization
 
 1
Total costs and expenses35
 42
 173
      
Operating loss(35) (42) (173)
      
Other income (expense):     
Interest expense(396) (425) (449)
Interest and dividend income2
 12
 5
Other, net(40) 11
 10
Total other income (expense)(434) (402) (434)
      
Loss before income tax benefit and equity income(469) (444) (607)
Income tax benefit(194) (220) (253)
Equity income1,607
 1,462
 1,511
Net income1,332
 1,238
 1,157
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest1
 
 
Net income attributable to MEHC$1,331
 $1,238
 $1,157

The accompanying notes to the consolidated MEHC financial statements are an integral part of this financial statement schedule.


159156



Schedule I
MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company
Parent Company Only (continued)
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
For the three years ended December 31, 201 02011
(Amounts in millions)

 2010 2009 2008
      
Cash flows from operating activities$(488) $(224) $(147)
    &n bsp; 
Cash flows from investing activities:     
Decrease (increase) in advances to and investments in     
unconsolidated subsidiaries587  1,255  (660)
Purchases of available-for-sale securities(15)
 
(253) (8)
Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale securities20  8  3 
Other, net  (1)  
Net cash flows from investing activities592  1,009  (665)
      
Cash flows from financing activities:     
Proceeds from senior and subordinated debt  250  1,649 
Repayments of senior and subordinated debt(281) (734) (1,803)
Purchases of senior debt    (138)
Proceeds from previously purchased senior debt 
137Net proceeds from (repayments of) short-term debt234(166)216Net purchases of common stock(56)(123)Other, net(1)(8)Net cash flows from financing activities(103)(774)53&nb sp;Net change in cash and cash equivalents111(759)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year17
6765Cash and cash equivalents at end of year$18$17$6
 2011 2010 2009
      
Cash flows from operating activities$792
 $(47) $285
      
Cash flows from investing activities:     
Investments in subsidiaries(157) (214) (202)
Notes receivable from affiliate, net(217) 240
 (195)
Purchases of available-for-sale securities(38) (15) (253)
Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale securities33
 20
 8
Other, net(6) 
 (1)
Net cash flows from investing activities(385) 31
 (643)
      
Cash flows from financing activities:     
Proceeds from senior debt
 
 250
Repayments of subordinated debt(334) (281) (734)
Net (repayments of) proceeds from short-term debt(176) 234
 (166)
Notes payable to affiliate, net106
 120
 1,144
Net purchases of common stock
 (56) (123)
Other, net(8) 
 (2)
Net cash flows from financing activities(412) 17
 369
      
Net change in cash and cash equivalents(5) 1
 11
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year18
 17
 6
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year$13
 $18
 $17

The accompanying notes to the consolidated MEHC financial statements are an integral part of this financial statement schedule.



160157

&nbs p;

Schedule I
MIDAMERICAN ENERGY HOLDINGS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Incorporated by reference are MEHC and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the three years ended December 31, 20102011 in Part II, Item 8.

Basis of Presentation - The condensed financial information of MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company's ("MEHC") investments in subsidiaries are presented under the equity method of accounting. Under this method, the assets and liabilities of subsidiaries are not consolidated. The investments in and advances to unconsolidated subsidiaries are recorded in the Condensed Balance Sheets. The income from operations of the unconsolidated subsidiaries is reported on a net basis as equity earnings of unconsolidated subsidiariesincome in the Condensed Statements of Operations.

Other investments - In September 2008, MEHC reached a definitive agreement withMEHC's investment in BYD Company Limited ("BYD") to purchase 225 million shares, representing approximately a 10% interest in BYD, at a price of Hong Kong ("HK") $8 per share or HK$1.8 billion ($232 million). The investment was made on July 30, 2009. MEHC's investment in BYD common stock is accounted for as an available-for-sale security with changes in fair value recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income.AOCI. As of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, the fair value of MEHC's investment in BYD common stock was $1.182 billion488 million and $1.9861.182 billion, respectively, which resulted in a pre-tax unrealized gain of $950256 million and $1.754 billion950 million as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively.

Dividends and distributions from unconsolidated subsidiaries - Cash dividends paid to MEHC by its unconsolidated subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 2009 and 20082009 were $431 million, $495$1.088 billion, $433 million and $304$495 million, respectively. In Janua ry 2011, PacifiCorp declared a dividend of $275 million payable to PPW Holdings LLC, a direct subsidiary of MEHC, onJanuary and February 28, 2011.
Interest and other income - On December 17, 2008, MEHC and Constellation Energy Group, Inc. ("Constellation Energy") entered into a termination agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, the parties agreed to terminate the September 19, 2008 merger agreement. As a result of the termination,2012, MEHC received a $175 million termination fee.cash dividends from its subsidiaries totaling $252 million.

General and administration - In March 2009, 703,329 common stock options were exercised having an exercise price of $35.05 per share, or $25 million. Also in March 2009, MEHC purchased the shares issued from the options exercised for $148 million. As a result, MEHC recognized $125 million of stock-based compensation expense, including MEHC's share of payroll taxes, for the year ended December 31, 2009.

Guarantees

MEHC has issued a limited guarantee of a specified portion of the final scheduled principal payment on December 15, 2019 on the Cordova Funding Corporation senior secured bonds in an amount up to a maximum of $37 million.

See the notes to the consolidated MEHC financial statements in Part II, Item 8 for other disclosures.


161158



Schedule II
MIDAMERICAN ENERGY HOLDINGS COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED VALUATION AND QUALIFYING A CCOUNTSACCOUNTS
FOR THE THREE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 20102011
(Amounts in millions)

 Column B Column C   Column E Column B Column C   Column E
 Balance at Charged     Balance Balance at Charged     Balance
Column A Beginning to Acquisition Column D at End Beginning to Acquisition Column D at End
Description of Year Income Reserves Deductions of Year of Year Income Reserves Deductions of Year
     &nb sp;              
Reserves Deducted From Assets To Which They                    
Apply:                    
                    
Reserve for uncollectible accounts receivable:                    
Year ended 2011 $27
 $19
 $
 $(25) $21
Year ended 2010 $25  $24  $  $(22) $27  25
 24
 
 (22) 27
Year ended 2009 24  28  1  (28)&n bsp;25  24
 28
 1
 (28) 25
Year ended 2008 22  32 &nb sp;  (30) 24 
                    
Reserves Not Deducted From Assets(1):
                    
Year ended 2011 $8
 $4
 $
 $(4) $8
Year ended 2010 $9  $4  $  $(5) $8  9
 4
 
 (5) 8
Year ended 2009 9  4    (4) 9  9
 4
 
 (4) 9
Year end ed 2008 12  2    (5) 9 

The notes to the consolidated MEHC financial statements are an integral part of this financial statement schedule.

(1)Reserves not deducted from assets relate primarily to estimated liabilities for losses retained by MEHC for workers compensation, public liability and property damage claims.


162159



SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized on this 28th27th day of February 2011.2012.

 MIDAMERICAN ENERGY HOLDINGS COMPANY
  
 /s/ Gregory E. Abel*
 Gregory E. Abel
 Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
 (principal executive officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature Title Date
     
/s/ David L. Sokol*Gregory E. Abel* Chairman, of the BoardPresident and ChiefFebruary 27, 2012
Gregory E. AbelExecutive Officer
(principal executive officer)
/s/ Patrick J. Goodman*Senior Vice President andFebruary 27, 2012
Patrick J. GoodmanChief Financial Officer
(principal financial and accounting
officer)
/s/ Walter Scott, Jr.*Director February 28, 201127, 2012
DavidWalter Scott, Jr.
/s/ Marc D. Hamburg*DirectorFebruary 27, 2012
Marc D. Hamburg
/s/ Warren E. Buffett*DirectorFebruary 27, 2012
Warren E. Buffett
*By: /s/ Douglas L. SokolAnderson
/s/ Gregory E. Abel*President, Chief Executive Officer andFebruary 28, 2011Gregory E. AbelDirector(principal e xecutive officer)/s/ Patrick J. Goodman*Senior Vice President andFebruary 28, 2011Patrick J. GoodmanChief Financial Officer(principal financial and accountingofficer)/s/ Walter Scott, Jr.*DirectorFebruary 28, 2011Walter Scott, Jr./s/ Marc D. Hamburg*DirectorFebruary 28, 2011Marc D. Hamburg/s/ Warren E. Buffett*DirectorFebruary 28, 2011Warren E. Buffett
*By: /s/ Douglas L. Anderson
Attorney-in-FactFebruary 28, 2011Attorney-in-FactFebruary 27, 2012Douglas L. Anderson    



163160



SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION TO BE FURNISHED WITH REPORTS FILED PURSUANT TO SECTION 15(D) OF THE ACT BY REGISTRANTS WHICH HAVE NOT REGISTERED SECURITIES PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE ACT

No annual report to security holders covering MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company's last fiscal year or proxy material has been sent to security holders.



164161



  ;
EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.
Description
  
3.1Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company effective March 2, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005).
  
3.2Amended and Restated Bylaws of MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005).
  
4.1Indenture, dated as of October 4, 2002, by and between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and The Bank of New York, Trustee, relating to the 5.875% Senior Notes due 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Registration Statement No. 333-101699 dated December 6, 2002).
  
4.2First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 4, 2002, by and between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and The Bank of New York, Trustee, relating to the 5.875% Senior Notes due 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Registration Statement No. 333-101699 dated December 6, 2002).
  
4.3Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 16, 2003, by and between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and The B ankBank of New York, Trustee, relating to the 3.50% Senior Notes due 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Registration Statement No. 333-105690 dated May 23, 2003).
  
4.4Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 12, 2004, by and between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and The Bank of New York, Trustee, relating to the 5.00% Senior Notes due 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Registration Statement No. 333-113022 dated February 23, 2004).
  
4.5Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 24, 2006, by and between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., Trustee, relating to the 6.125% Senior Bonds due 2036 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 28, 2006).
  
4.6Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 11, 2007, by and between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., Trustee, relating to the 5.95% Senior Bonds due 2037 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Current Report on Form 8-K date ddated May 11, 2007).
  
4.7Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 28, 2007, by and between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., Trustee, relating to the 6.50% Senior Bonds due 2037 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 28, 2007).
  
4.8Seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 28, 2008, by and between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, relating to the 5.75% Senior Notes due 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 28, 2008).
  
4.9Eighth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 7, 2009, by and between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, relating to the 3.15% Senior Notes due 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 7, 2009).
  

165162



Exhibit No.Description
  
4.10Indenture, dated as of October 15, 1997, by and between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and IBJ Schroder Bank & Trust Company, Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 23, 1997).
  
4.11Form of Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 22, 1998 by and between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and IBJ Schroder Bank & Trust Company, Trustee, relating to the 8.48% Senior Notes in the principal amount of $475,000,000 due 2028 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 17, 1998).
  
4.12Indenture, dated as of March 14, 2000, by and between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and the Bank of New York, Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 1999).
4.13Indenture, dated as of March 12, 2002, by and between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and the Bank of New York, Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001).
  
4.14Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of MidAmerican Capital Trust III, dated as of August 16, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.14 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Registration Statement No. 333-101699 dated December 6, 2002).
4.154.13Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of MidAmerican Capital Trust II, dated as of March 12, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.15 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Registration Statement No. 333-101699 dated December 6, 2002).
  
4.16Indenture, dated as of August 16, 2002, by and between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and the Bank of New York, Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.17 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Registration Statement No. 333-101699 dated December 6, 2002).
4.174.14Indenture and First Suppl ementalSupplemental Indenture, dated March 11, 1999, by and between MidAmerican Funding, LLC and IBJ Whitehall Bank & Trust Company, Trustee, relating to the $700 million Senior Notes and Bonds (incorporated by reference to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998).
  
4.184.15Second SupplementalForm of Indenture, dated as of March 1, 2001, by and between MidAmerican Funding, LLCEnergy Company and The Bank of New York, Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the MidAmerican Funding, LLC Registration Statement on Form S-3, Registration No. 333-56624).
4.19Indenture dated as of December 1, 1996, by and between MidAmerican Energy Company and the First National Bank of Chicago, Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(1)4.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Company Registration Statement on Form S-3, Registration No. 333-15387)333-59760 dated January 31, 2002).
  
4.204.16First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 8, 2002, by and between MidAmerican Energy Company and The Bank of New York, Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the MidAmerican Energy Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004, Commission File No. 333-15387).
  
4.214.17Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 14, 2003, by and between MidAmerican Energy Comp anyCompany and The Bank of New York, Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the MidAmerican Energy Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004, Commission File No. 333-15387).
  
4.224.18Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 1, 2004, by and between MidAmerican Energy Company and The Bank of New York, Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004, Commission File No. 333-15387).
  

166


Exhibit No.Description
4.234.19Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated November 1, 2005, by and between MidAmerican Energy Company and the Bank of New York Trust Company, NA, Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005).
  
4.244.20Fiscal Agency Agreement, dated as of October 15, 2002, by and between Northern Natural Gas Company and J.P. Morgan Trust Company, National Association, Fiscal Agent, relating to the $300,000,000 in principal amount of the 5.375% Senior Notes due 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.47 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003).
  
4.254.21Trust Indenture, dated as of August 13, 2001, among Kern River Funding Corporation, Kern River Gas Transmission Company and JP Morgan Chase Bank, Trustee, relating to the $510,000,000 in principal amount of the 6.676% Senior Notes due 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.48 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003).
  
4.264.22Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 1, 2003, among Kern Rive rRiver Funding Corporation, Kern River Gas Transmission Company and JPMorgan Chase Bank, Trustee, relating to the $836,000,000 in principal amount of the 4.893% Senior Notes due 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.49 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003).
  

163



4.27
Exhibit No.Description
4.23Trust Deed, dated December 15, 1997 among CE Electric UK Funding Company, AMBAC Insurance UK Limited and The Law Debenture Trust Corporation, p.l.c., Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 30, 2004).
  
4.284.24Insurance and Indemnity Agreement, dated December 15, 1997 by and between CE Electric UK Funding Company and AMBAC Insurance UK Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 30, 2004).
  
4.294.25Supplemental Agreement to Insurance and Indemnity Agreement, dated September 19, 2001, by and between CE Electric UK Funding Company and AMBAC Insurance UK Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 30, 2004).
  
4.304.26Fiscal Agency Agreement, dated as of July 15 2008, by and between North ernNorthern Natural Gas Company and The Bank New York Mellon Trust Company, National Association, Fiscal Agent, relating to the $200,000,000 in principal amount of the 5.75% Senior Notes due 2018.2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.32 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008).
  
4.314.27Fiscal Agency Agreement, dated as of May 24, 1999,April 20, 2011, by and between Northern Natural Gas Company and ChaseThe Bank of Texas, National Association,New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., Fiscal Agent, relating to the $250,000,000$200,000,000 in principal amount of the 7.00%4.25% Senior Notes due 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.70 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004).2021.
  
4.324.28Trust Indenture, dated as of September 10, 1999, by and between Cordova Funding Corporation and Chase Manhattan Bank and Trust Company, National Association, Trustee, relating to the $225,000,000 in principal amount of the 8.75% Senior Secured Bonds due 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.71 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004).
  
4.334.29Trust Deed, dated as of February 4, 1998 among Yorkshire Power Finance Limited, Yorkshire Power Group Limited and Bankers Trustee Company Limited, Trustee, relating to the £200,000,000 in principal amount of the 7.25% Guaranteed Bonds due 2028 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.74 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004).
  
4.344.30First Supplemental Trust Deed, dated as of October 1, 2001, among Yorkshire Power Finance Limited, Yorkshire Power Group Limited and Bankers Trustee Company Limited, Trustee, relating to the £200,000,000 in principal amount of the 7.25% Guaranteed Bonds due 2028 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.75 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004).
  

167


Exhibit No.Description
4.354.31Third Supplemental Trust Deed, dated as of October 1, 2001, among Yorkshire Electricity Distribution plc, Yorkshire Electricity Group plc and Bankers Trustee Company Limited, Trustee, relating to the £200,000,000 in principal amount of the 9.25% Bonds due 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.76 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004).
 
4.364.32Indenture, dated as of February 1, 2000, among Yorkshire Power Finance 2 Limited, Yorkshire Power Group Limited and The Bank of New York, Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.78 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004).
  
4.374.33First Supplemental Trust Deed, dated as of September 27, 2001, among Northern Electric Finance plc, Northern Electric plc, Northern Electric Distribution Limited and The Law Debenture Trust Corporation p.l.c., Trustee, relating to the £100,000,000 in principal amount of the 8.875% Guaranteed Bonds due 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.81 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004).
  
4.384.34Trust Deed, dated as of January 17, 1995, by and between Yorkshire Electricity Group plc and Bankers Trustee Company Limited, Trustee, relating to the £200,000,000 in principal amount of the 9 1/4% Bonds due 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.83 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004).
  

164



4.39
Exhibit No.Description
4.35Master Trust Deed, dated as of October 16, 1995, by and between Northern Electric Finance plc, Northern Electric plc and The Law Debenture Trust Corporation p.l.c., Trustee, relating to the £100,000,000 in principal amount of the 8.875% Guaranteed Bonds due 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.70 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004).
  
4.404.36Fiscal Agency Agreement, dated April 14, 2005, by and between Northern Natural Gas Company and J.P. Morgan Trust Company, National Association, Fiscal Agent, relating to the $100,000,000 in principal amount of the 5.125% Senior Notes due 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 18, 2005).
  
4.414.37Trust Deed dated May 5, 2005 among Northern Electric Finance plc, Northern Electric Distribution Limited, Ambac Assurance UK Limited and HSBC Trustee (C.I.) Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005).
  
4.424.38Reimbursement and Indemnity Agreement dated May 5, 2005 among Northern Electric Finance plc, Northern Electric Distribution Limited and Ambac Assurance UK Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005).
  
4.434.39Trust Deed, dated May 5, 2005 among Yorkshire Electricity Distribution plc, Ambac Assurance UK Limited and HSBC Trustee (C.I.) Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005).
  
4.444.40Reimbursement and Indemnity Agreement, dated May 5, 2005 between Yorkshire Electricity Distribution plc and Ambac Assurance UK Limited (incorporat ed(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005).
  
4.454.41Supplemental Trust Deed, dated May 5, 2005 among CE Electric UK Funding Company, Ambac Assurance UK Limited and The Law Debenture Trust Corporation plc (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.5 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005).
  
4.464.42Second Supplemental Agreement to Insurance and Indemnity Agreement, dated May 5, 2005 by and between CE Electric UK Funding Company and Ambac Assurance UK Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.6 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005).
 

168


Exhibit No.Description
4.474.43Shareholders Agreement, dated as of March 14, 2000 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.19 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Registration Statement No. 333-101699 dated December 6, 2002).
  
4.484.44Amendment No. 1 to Shareholders Agreement, dated December 7, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.17 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005).
  
4.494.45Equity Commitment Agreement, dated as of March 1, 2006, by and between Berkshire Hathaway Inc. and MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.72 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005).
 
4.504.46Amendment No. 1 to Equity Commitment Agreement, dated March 23, 2010, by and between Berkshire Hathaway Inc. and MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 23, 2010).
  
4.514.47Fiscal Agency Agreement, dated February 12, 2007, by and between Northern Natural Gas Company and Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., Fiscal Agent, relating to the $150,000,000 in principal amount of the 5.80% Senior Bonds due 2037 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 12, 2007).
  

165



4.52
Exhibit No.Description
4.48Indenture, dated as of October 1, 2006, by and between MidAmerican Energy Company and the Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2006).
  
4.534.49First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 6, 2006, by and between MidAmerican Energy Company and the Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the MidAmerican Energy Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2006).
  
4.544.50Second Supplemental Indenture, dated June 29, 2007, by and between MidAmerican Energy Company and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Company Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 29, 2007).
  
4.554.51Third Supplemental Indenture, dated March 25, 2008, by and bet weenbetween MidAmerican Energy Company and The Bank of New York Trust Company, Trustee, relating to the 5.3% Notes due 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to MidAmerican Energy Company Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 25, 2008).
  
4.564.52£119,000,000 Finance Contract, dated July 2, 2010, by and between Northern Electric Distribution Limited and the European Investment Bank (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010).
  
4.574.53Guarantee and Indemnity Agreement, dated July 2, 2010, by and between CE Electric UK Funding Company and the European Investment Bank (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010).
  
4.584.54£151,000,000 Finance Contract, dated July 2, 2010, by and between Yorkshire Electricity Distribution plc and the European Investment Bank (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010).
  
4.594.55Guarantee and Indemnity Agreement, dated July 2, 2010, by and between CE Electric UK Funding Company and the European Investment Bank (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ende dended June 30, 2010).
4.56Indenture, dated as of February 24, 2012, by and between Topaz Solar Farms LLC and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee.
  
  

169166



Exhibit No.Description
  
4.604.57Mortgage and Deed of Trust dated as of January 9, 1989, between PacifiCorp and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (formerly known as JP Morgan Chase Bank and The Chase Manhattan Bank), Trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4-E, to PacifiCorp's Form 8-B, File No. 1-5152, as supplemented and modified by 2325 Supplemental Indentures, each incorporated by reference, as follows:

Exhibit Number
 
PacifiCorp File Type
 File Date File Number
       
(4)(b) SE November 2, 1989 33-31861
(4)(a) 8-K January 9, 1990 1-5152
(4)(a)4(a) 8-K September 11, 1991 1-5152
4(a) 8-K January 7, 1992 1-5152
4(a) 10-Q Quarter ended March 31, 1992 1-5152
4(a) 10-Q Quarter ended September 30, 1992 1-5152
4(a) 8-K April 1, 1993
1-5152
4(a) 10-Q Quarter ended September 30, 1993 1-5152
(4)b 10-Q Quarter ended June 30, 19 941994 1-5152
(4)b 10-K Year ended December 31, 1994 1- 51521-5152
(4)b 10-K Year ended December 31, 1995 1-5152
(4)b 10-K Year ended December 31, 1996 1-5152
(4)b4(b) 10-K Year ended December 31, 1998 1-5152
99(a) 8-K November 21, 2001 1-5152
4.1 10-Q Quarter ended June 30, 2003 1-5152
99 8-K September 8, 2003 1-5152
4 8-K August 24, 2004 1-5152
4 8-K J uneJune 13, 2005 1-5152
4.2 8-K August 14, 2006 1- 51521-5152
4 8-K March 14, 2007 1-5152
4.1 8-K October 3, 2007 
1-5152
4.1 8-K July 17, 2008 1-5152
4.1 8-K January 8, 2009 1-5152
4.18-KMay 12, 20111-5152
4.18-KJanuary 6, 20121-5152

10.1Exhibit No.Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated February 25, 2008, by and between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and David L. Sokol (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).Description
  
10.2Incremental Profit Sharing Plan, dated February 16, 2009, by and between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and David L. Sokol (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008).
10.310.1Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated February 25, 2008, by and between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and Gregory E. Abel (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).
  
10.410.2Incremental Profit Sharing Plan, dated February 10, 2009, by and between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and Gregory E. Abel (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008).
  

170


Exhibit No.Description
10.510.3Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated February 25, 2008, by and between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and Patrick J. Goodman (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).
  

167



10.6
Exhibit No.Description
10.4Amended and Restated Casecnan Project Agreement, dated June 26, 1995, between the National Irrigation Administration and CE Casecnan Water and Energy Company Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the CE Casecnan Water and Energy Company, Inc. Registration Statement on Form S-4 dated January 25, 1996).
  
10.710.5Supplemental Agreement, dated as of September 29, 2003, by and between CE Casecnan Water and Ener gyEnergy Company, Inc. and the Philippines National Irrigation Administration (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 98.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 15, 2003).
  
10.810.6CalEnergy Company, Inc. Voluntary Deferred Compensation Plan, effective December 1, 1997, First Amendment, dated as of August 17, 1999, and Second Amendment effective March 14, 2000 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.50 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Registration Statement No. 333-101699 dated December 6, 2002).
  
10.910.7MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Executive Voluntary Deferred Compensation Plan restated effective as of January 1, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).
  
10.1010.8MidAmerican Energy Company First Amended and Restated Supplemental Retirement Plan for Designated Officers dated as of May 10, 1999 amended on February 25, 2008 to be effective as of January 1, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).
  
10.1110.9MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Long-Term Incentive Partnership Plan as Amended and Restated January 1, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the MidAmeri canMidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).
  
10.1210.10Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 6, 2006, by and among MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company, as Borrower, The Banks and Other Financial Institutions Parties Hereto, as Banks, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as L/C Issuer, Union Bank of California, N.A., as Administrative Agent, The Royal Bank of Scotland PLC, as Syndication Agent, and ABN Amro Bank N.V., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and BNP Paribas as Co-Documentation Agents (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2006).
  
10.1310.11First Amendment, dated as of April 15, 2009, to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 6, 2006, by and among MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company, as Borrower, The Banks and Other Financial Institutions Parties Hereto, as Banks, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as L/C Issuer, Union Bank of California, N.A., as Administrative Agent, The Royal Bank of Scotland PLC, as Syndication Agent, and ABN Amro Bank N.V., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and BNP Paribas as Co-Documentation Agents (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009).
  
10.1410.12Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 6, 2006, among MidAmerican Energy Company, the Lending Institutions Party Hereto, as Banks, Union Bank of California, N.A., as Syndication Agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and The Royal Bank of Scotland plc, ABN AMRO Bank N.V. and BNP Paribas as Co-Documentation Agents (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2006).
 
10.1510.13First Amendment, dated as of April 15, 2009, to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 6, 2006, by and among MidAmerican Energy Company, the Lending Institutions Party Hereto, as Banks, Union Bank of California, N.A., as Syndication Agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and The Royal Bank of Scotland plc, ABN AMRO Bank N.V. and BNP Paribas as Co-Documentation Agents (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009).
  

171


Exhibit No.Description
10.1610.14$700,000,000 Credit Agreement dated as of October 23, 2007 among PacifiCorp, The Banks Party thereto, The Royal Bank of Scotland plc, as Syndication Agent, and Union Bank of California, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99 to the PacifiCorp Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007).

168



Exhibit No.Description
  
10.1710.15First Amendment, dated as of April 15, 2009, to the $700,000,000 Credit Agreement dated as of October 23, 2007 among PacifiCorp, The Banks Party thereto, The Royal Bank of Scotland plc, as Syndication Agent, and Union Bank of California, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the PacifiCorp Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009).
  
10.1810.16$800,000,000 Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of July 6, 2006 among PacifiCorp, The Banks Party thereto, The Royal Bank of Scotland plc, as Syndication Agent, and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by Reference to Exhibit 99 to the PacifiCorp Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2006).
  
10.1910.17First Amendment, dated as of April 15, 2009, to the $800,000,000 Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of July 6, 2006 among PacifiCorp, The Banks Party thereto, The Royal Bank of Scotland plc, as Syndication Agent, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the PacifiCorp Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009).
  
10.2010.18Second Amendment dated as of January 6, 2012, amends that certain Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 6, 2006, among PacifiCorp, the banks listed on the signature pages thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Issuing Bank, and the Royal Bank of Scotland plc, as Syndication Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the PacifiCorp Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011).
10.19£150,000,000 Facility Agreement, dated March 26, 2010, among CE Electric UK Funding Company, Yorkshire Electricity Distribution plc and Northern Electric Distributio nDistribution Limited, as Borrowers, and Abbey National Treasury Services plc, Lloyds TSB Bank plc and The Royal Bank of Scotland plc, as Original Lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2010).
10.20$500,000,000 Revolving Loan Agreement, dated January 6, 2012, between MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and BH Finance LLC.
  
10.21Summary of Key Terms of Compensation Arrangements with MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Named Executive Officers and Directors.
  
14.1MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Code of Ethics for Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Other Covered Officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to the MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003).
  
21.1Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
  
23.1Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP.
  
24.1Power of Attorney.
  
31.1Principal Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
31.2Principal Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
32.1Principal Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
32.2Principal Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
95Coal Mine Safety Disclosures Required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.

172169



Exhibit No.Description
101The following financial information from MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 is formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) and included herein: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text.


170