UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549



FORM 10-K
 


 
(Mark One)

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20202021
or



TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________


Commission file number 000-12896


OLD POINT FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Virginia


54-1265373
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(IRS Employer Identification No.)


101 East Queen Street, Hampton, Virginia 23669
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)


(757) 728-1200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each classTrading SymbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $5.00 par value
OPOF
The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Act.Yes ☐No ☒


Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.YesNo


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.Yes ☒No ☐


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).Yes ☒No ☐


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer




Non-accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company








Emerging growth company


If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒


The aggregate market value of voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 20202021 (the last business day of the Company’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter) was $59,071,073$93,161,278 based on the closing sales price on the NASDAQ Capital Market of $15.25.$24.96.


There were 5,225,2955,187,293 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 12, 2021.15, 2022.


DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE


Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Company’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 25, 2021,24, 2022, are incorporated by reference in Part III of this report.






OLD POINT FINANCIAL CORPORATION


FORM 10-K


INDEX


PART I
Page
   
Item 1.3
Item 1A.12
Item 1B.20
21
Item 2.20
21
Item 3.21
Item 4.21
   
PART II  
   
Item 5.23
Item 6.23
Item 7.25
23
Item 7A.41
40
Item 8.41
40
Item 9.82
79
Item 9A.82
79
Item 9B.8280
Item 9C.80
   
PART III  
   
Item 10.8280
Item 11.8380
Item 12.8381
Item 13.8381
Item 14.8381
   
PART IV  
   
Item 15.8381
 8381
 8482
Item 16.8584
 8684


- i -

GLOSSARY OF DEFINED TERMS

20192020 Form 10-KAnnual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20192020
ALLLAllowance for Loan and Lease Losses
ASCAccounting Standards Codification
ASUAccounting Standards Update
BankThe Old Point National Bank of Phoebus
BHCAThe Bank Holding Company Act
The CARES ActThe Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act
CET1Common Equity Tier 1
CitizensCitizens National Bank
CompanyOld Point Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries
CBBCommunity Bankers Bank
CBLRFCommunity Bank Leverage Ratio Framework
COVID-19Novel coronavirus disease 2019
EGRRCPAEconomic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act
EPSearnings per share
ESPPEmployee Stock Purchase Plan
Exchange ActSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
FASBFinancial Accounting Standards Board
FDICFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FHLBFederal Home Loan Bank
Federal ReserveBoard of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
FRBFederal Reserve Bank
GAAPGenerally Accepted Accounting Principles
Incentive Stock PlanOld Point Financial Corporation 2016 Incentive Stock Plan
NIMNet Interest Margin
NotesThe Company’s 3.50% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2031
OAEMOther Assets Especially Mentioned
OREOOther Real Estate Owned
PPPPaycheck Protection Program
PPPLFPaycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility
SECSecurities and Exchange Commission
SBASmall Business Administration
SOFRSecured overnight financing rate
TDRTroubled Debt Restructuring
TrustOld Point Trust & Financial Services N.A.


Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains statements concerning the Company’s expectations, plans, objectives or beliefs regarding future financial performance and other statements that are not historical facts. These statements may constitute “forward-looking statements” as defined by federal securities laws and may include, but are not limited to: statements regarding expected future operations and financial performance;performance; the Company’s technology and efficiency initiatives and anticipated completion timelines; potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including on asset quality, the allowance for loan losses, provision for loan losses, interest rates, and results of operations, the anticipated benefits of the early repayment of certain borrowings,operations; certain items that management does not expect to have an ongoing impact on consolidated net income, including certain tax benefits provided by the Coronavirus Aid, Recovery, and Economic Security Act (the CARES Act), future dividend payments,income; net interest margin compression and items affecting net interest margin, including future repricing of time deposits at maturity,margin; strategic business initiatives and the anticipated effects thereof, lendingforgiveness of loans originated under the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) of the Small Business Administration (SBA), margin compression, technology initiatives, and the related impact on the Company’s results of operations; asset quality,quality; adequacy of allowances for loan losses and the level of future chargeoffs,chargeoffs; liquidity and capital levels, ,levels; the Company’s assessment of and ability to manage and remediate the impact of cyber incidents, including those involving theft and fraudulent activity directed at the Bank and its customers and employees, perpetrated by third-party cybercriminals,cybercriminals; the effect of future market and industry trends and the effects of future interest rate levels and fluctuations. These forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties due to factors that could have a material adverse effect on the operations and future prospects of the Company including, but not limited to, changes in:


interest rates, such as volatility in short-term interest rates or yields on U.S. Treasury bonds and increases or volatility in mortgage interest rates
general business conditions, as well as conditions within the financial markets
general economic conditions, including unemployment levels, supply chain disruptions, and slowdowns in economic growth, and particularly related to further and sustained economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic
the effectiveness of the Company’s efforts to respond to COVID-19, the severity and duration of the pandemic, the impact of loosening of governmental restrictions, the uncertainty regarding new variants, the pace and efficacy of vaccinations and treatment developments, the pace and durability of economic recovery when the pandemic subsides and the heightened impact it hasthat COVID-19 may have on many of the risks described herein
potential claims, damages and fines related to litigation or government actions, including litigation or actions arising from the Company’s participation in and administration of programs related to COVID-19, including, among other things, the PPP under the CARES Act, as subsequently amended
the Company’s branch realignment initiatives
the Company’s technology, efficiency, and other strategic initiatives
the legislative/regulatory climate, regulatory initiatives with respect to financial institutions, products and services, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the CFPB) and the regulatory and enforcement activities of the CFPB
monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. Government, including policies of the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the Federal Reserve Board)Reserve), and the effect of these policies on interest rates and business in our markets
future levels of government defense spending particularly in the Company’s service area
the impact of potential changes in the political landscape and related policy changes, including monetary, regulatory and trade policies
the US. Government’s guarantee of repayment of student or small business loans purchased by the Company
the value of securities held in the Company’s investment portfolios
demand for loan products and the impact of changes in demand on loan growth
the quality or composition of the loan portfolios and the value of the collateral securing those loans
changes in the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities
the effects of management’s investment strategy and strategy to manage the net interest margin
the level of net charge-offs on loans and the adequacy of our allowance for loan and lease losses
performance of the Company’s dealer lending program
deposit flows
the strength of the Company’s counterparties
competition from both banks and non-banks
demand for financial services in the Company’s market area
implementation of new technologies
the Company’s ability to develop and maintain secure and reliable electronic systems
any interruption or breach of security in the Company’s information systems or those of the Company’s third-party vendors or othertheir service providers
reliance on third parties for key services
cyber threats, attacks or events
the use of inaccurate assumptions in management’s modeling systems

technological risks and developments
the commercial and residential real estate markets
the demand in the secondary residential mortgage loan markets
expansion of the Company’s product offerings
accounting principles, policies and guidelines and elections made by the Company thereunder


These risks and uncertainties, and the risks discussed in more detail in Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” should be considered in evaluating the forward-looking statements contained herein. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “may,” “will,” “intend,” “should,” “could,” or similar expressions, are not statements of historical fact, and are based on management’s beliefs, assumptions and expectations regarding future events or performance as of the date of this report, taking into account all information currently available.  Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which it is made, except as otherwise required by law. In addition, past results of operations are not necessarily indicative of future results.


Part I

Item 1.Business


GENERAL


Old Point Financial Corporation (the Company) was incorporated under the laws of Virginia on February 16, 1984, for the purpose of acquiring all the outstanding common stock of The Old Point National Bank of Phoebus (the Bank), in connection with the reorganization of the Bank into a one-bank holding company structure. At the annual meeting of the stockholders on March 27, 1984, the proposed reorganization was approved by the requisite stockholder vote. At the effective date of the reorganization on October 1, 1984, the Bank merged into a newly formed national bank as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, with each outstanding share of common stock of the Bank being converted into five shares of common stock of the Company.


The Company completed a spin-off of its trust department as of April 1, 1999. The organization is chartered as Old Point Trust & Financial Services, N.A. (Trust). Trust is a nationally chartered trust company. The purpose of the spin-off was to have a corporate structure more ready to compete in the field of wealth management. Trust is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.


On April 1, 2018, the Company acquired Citizens National Bank (Citizens). Under the terms of the merger agreement, Citizens stockholders received 0.1041 shares of Company common stock and $2.19 in cash for each share of Citizens stock. Systems integration was completed in May 2018.

The Bank is a national banking association that was founded in 1922. As of the end of 2020,2021, the Bank had 1816 branch offices. During the first quarter of 2022, the Bank completed the planned closure of two branches, creating a 14 branch office network serving the Hampton Roads localities of Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Virginia Beach, Chesapeake, Williamsburg/James City County, York County and Isle of Wight County. The Bank offers a complete line of consumer, mortgage and business banking services, including loan, deposit, and cash management services to individual and commercial customers.


The Company’s primary activity is as a holding company for the common stock of the Bank and Trust. The principal business of the Company is conducted through its subsidiaries, which continue to conduct business in substantially the same manner as before the reorganization and spin-off.


As of December 31, 2020,2021, the Company had assets of $1.2$1.3 billion, gross loans of $836.3$843.5 million, deposits of $1.1$1.2 billion, and stockholders’stockholders' equity of $117.1$120.8 million.

Human Capital Resources
The Company strives to foster a culture of respect, teamwork, ownership, responsibility, initiative, integrity, and service and believes our officers and employees are our most important assets. Our people are critical to the Company’s performance and the achievement of our strategic goals, and they represent a key element of how the Company’s businesses compete and succeed.

Acquiring and retaining strong talent is a top strategic priority for the Company. We provide a competitive compensation and benefits program to help meet the needs of our employees, including benefits that incentivize retention and reward longevity. We support the health and well-being of our employees through a comprehensive program designed to increase employee focus on wellness and prevention, including through the benefit plans and health incentives offered. We encourage and support the growth and development of our employees and, wherever possible, seek to fill positions by promotion and transfer from within the Company. We have created development plans that are designed to encourage an employee’s advancement and growth within our organization, and we aim to provide employees with the skills and opportunities needed to achieve their goals and become leaders in our businesses.

At year-end,December 31, 2021, the Company employed 275, or 273 full-time equivalent, employees. We consider relations with our employees to be strong. We strive for our workforce to reflect the diversity of the customers and its subsidiaries had a totalcommunities we serve. Our selection and promotion processes are merit-based and include the active recruitment of 307minorities and women. At December 31, 2021, women represented 73% of our employees, 17and racial and ethnic minorities represented 23% percent of whom were part-time.our employees. We also aim for our employees to develop their careers in our businesses. At December 31, 2021, 24% percent of our employees have been employed by the Company for at least 15 years.


MARKET AREA AND COMPETITION


The Company’s primary market area is located in Hampton Roads, situated in the southeastern corner of Virginia and boasting the world’s largest natural deepwater harbor. The Hampton Roads Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is the 37th most populous MSA in the United States according to the U.S. Census Bureau’s 20102020 census and the 3rd largest deposit market in Virginia, after Richmond and the Washington Metropolitan area, according to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Hampton Roads includes the cities of Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach and Williamsburg, and the counties of Isle of Wight, Gloucester, James City, Mathews, York and Surry. The financial services industry remains highly competitive and is constantly evolving. The Company experiences strong competition from national, regional and other community financial institutions and credit unions, as well as finance companies, mortgage companies, wealth management companies, insurance companies, and fintech companies. The market area is serviced by 5746 banks, savings institutions and credit unions and, in addition, branches of virtually every major brokerage house serve the Company’s market area. The Company continues to build a stronger presence, expanding into additional markets in the last two years, which include a Mortgage team based in Charlotte, North Carolina and a commercial loan production office based in Richmond, Virginia.


The banking business in Virginia, and in the Company’s primary service areas in the Hampton Roads MSA, is highly competitive and dominated by a relatively small number of large banks with many offices operating over a wide geographic area. As a result, the Bank faces intense competition in all areas of its business. Among the advantages such large banks have over the Company is their ability to finance wide-ranging advertising campaigns, and by virtue of their greater total capitalization, to have substantially higher lending limits than the Company. Factors such as interest rates offered, the number and location of branches and the types of products offered, as well as the reputation of the institution affect competition for deposits and loans. The Company competes by emphasizing customer service and technology, establishing long-term customer relationships and building customer loyalty, and providing products and services to address the specific needs of the Company’s customers. The Company targets individual and small-to-medium size business customers. Competition among providers of financial products and services continues to increase as technology advances have lowered the barriers to entry for financial technology companies, with customers having the opportunity to select from a growing variety of traditional and nontraditional alternatives.alternatives, and from a growing selection of products and services at banking institutions that are based on new financial technology. The ability of non-banking financial institutions to provide services previously limited to commercial banks has intensified competition. Because nonbank financial institutions are not subject to the same regulatory restrictions as banks and bank holding companies, they can often operate with greater flexibility and lower cost structures.  The Company also faces competitive pressure from large credit unions in the area. The three largest credit unions headquartered in the Hampton Roads MSA are Langley Federal Credit Union, Chartway Federal Credit Union, and BayPort Credit Union.


Trust faces intense competition in all aspects and areas of its business from both regulated and unregulated financial services organizations, including a broad range of financial institutions, investment firms, benefits consultants, trust companies, insurance companies, investment counseling firms, and various financial technology companies. Because Trust focuses on managing client investment assets to generate fee income, Trust faces significant competition from financial technologies that offer products and services that automate asset management or asset selection and, in turn, may charge lower asset management or administrative fees. Trust’s non-bank competitors are not subject to the same regulatory restrictions as Trust, and therefore may be able to operate with greater flexibility and lower cost structures.  Trust competes by emphasizing proactive, holistic solutions and top-tier client service, and focuses on developing client relationships that serve as a source of recurring fee-based income.

The Company continues to build a strong presence in the business banking market, as well as expanding into other fee-based lines of business. In 2017, the Company purchased full ownership of Old Point Mortgage, LLC and launched Old Point Insurance, LLC. Through these comprehensive business services and new lines of business, the Company is able to service a highly lucrative market that offers increased opportunities for new fee-based revenue streams and to cross sell additional products.


AVAILABLE INFORMATION


The Company maintains a website on the Internet at www.oldpoint.com. The Company makes available free of charge, on or through its website, its proxy statements, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This reference to the Company’s Internet address shall not, under any circumstances, be deemed to incorporate the information available at such Internet address into this Form 10-K or other SEC filings. The information available at the Company’s Internet address is not part of this Form 10-K or any other report filed by the Company with the SEC. The Company’sCompany's SEC filings can also be obtained on the SEC’s website on the Internet at www.sec.gov.www.sec.gov.


COVID-19
In December 2019, a novel strain
Since the first quarter of coronavirus (COVID-19) was reported to have surfaced in China, which spread globally, including to the United States. The outbreak of COVID-19 has adversely impacted a broad range of industries in which the Company’s customers operate and impaired their ability to fulfill their financial obligations to the Company. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a global pandemic indicating that almost all public commerce and related business activities must be, to varying degrees, curtailed. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant disruption in economic activity worldwide, including in market areas served by the Virginia Governor took preventative or protective actions, such as imposing restrictions on travel and business operations, advising or requiring individuals to limit or forego their time outside of their homes, and ordering temporary closures of businesses that have been deemed to be non-essential. The Bank was deemed an essential business and our branches remained open for drive-thru services and appointments.  Branch lobbies generally reopened in October 2020 for service on a one-by-one customer basis. . Beginning March 1, 2021, the Virginia Governor began easing some of the COVID-19 restrictions due to a decline in case numbers.

Company. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is fluid and continues to evolve. The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated impacts on trade (including supply chains and export levels), travel, employee productivity, unemployment, consumer spending, and other economic activities has resulted in less economic activity, lower equity market valuations and significant volatility and disruption in financial markets and has had an adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations due to net interest margin compression. The ultimate extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations is currently not yet estimable, and the Company believes that it will depend on various developments and other factors, including, among others, the duration and scopeimpacts of the pandemic,new COVID-19 variants, as well as changing governmental, regulatory and private sector responses to the pandemic, and the associated impacts on the economy, financial markets and our customers, employees and vendors.vendors


Estimates for the allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2021 include probable and estimable losses related to the COVID-19 pandemic. While there have been signals of economic recovery and a resumption of many types of business activity, there remains significant uncertainty in the measurement of these losses due to the continuing effects of COVID-19 (including the impacts of new COVID-19 variants). If there are further challenges to the economic recovery, then additional provision for loan losses may be required in future periods. It is unknown how long these conditions will last and what the ultimate financial impact will be to the Company. Depending on the severity and duration of the economic consequences of the pandemic, the Company’s goodwill may become impaired.

On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted, which included provisions that, among other things, (i) established the PPP to provide loans guaranteed by the SBA to businesses affected by the pandemic, (ii) established the PPPLF to provide funding to eligible financial institutions through the Federal Reserve Board system to facilitate lending under the PPP, (iii) provided certain forms of economic stimulus, including direct payments to certain U.S. households, enhanced unemployment benefits, certain income tax benefits intended to assist businesses in surviving the economic crisis, and delayed the required implementation of certain new accounting standards for some entities, and (iv)(iii) provided limited regulatory relief to banking institutions. The federal banking agencies have eased certain bank capital requirements and reporting requirements in response to the pandemic and have encouraged banking institutions to work prudently with borrowers affected by the pandemic by offering loan modifications that can improve borrowers’ capacity to service debt, increase the potential for financially stressed residential borrowers to keep their homes, and facilitate financial institutions’ ability to collect on their loans. The Federal Reserve also established the PPPLF to provide funding to eligible financial institutions to facilitate lending under the PPP. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, enacted on December 27, 2020, expanded on some of the benefits made available under the CARES Act, including the PPP program, and provided further economic stimulus. . On March 11, 2021, President Biden signed into law the American Rescue Plan which provided a further $1.9 trillion of pandemic relief.


4The Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations generally rely upon the ability of its borrowers to repay their loans, the value of collateral underlying secured loans, and the demand for loans and other products and services offered, which are highly dependent on the business environment in the Company’s primary markets. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had no loan modifications under the CARES Act, down from $7.4 million as of December 31, 2020.


REGULATION AND SUPERVISION


General. Bank holding companies, banks and their affiliates are extensively regulated under both federal and state law. The following summary briefly describes significant provisions of currently applicable federal and state laws and certain regulations and the potential impact of such provisions. This summary is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the particular statutory or regulatory provisions or proposals. Because regulation of financial institutions changes regularly and is the subject of constant legislative and regulatory debate, no assurance can be given as to forecast how federal and state regulation and supervision of financial institutions may change in the future and affect the Company’s and the Bank’s operations.


As a public company, the Company is subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), which include, but are not limited to, the filing of annual, quarterly and other reports with the SEC. The Company is also required to comply with other laws and regulations of the SEC applicable to public companies.


As a national bank, the Bank is subject to regulation, supervision and regular examination by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the Comptroller). The prior approval of the Comptroller or other appropriate bank regulatory authority is required for a national bank to merge with another bank or purchase the assets or assume the deposits of another bank. In reviewing applications seeking approval of merger and acquisition transactions, the bank regulatory authorities will consider, among other things, the competitive effect and public benefits of the transactions, the capital position of the constituent organizations and the combined organization, the risks to the stability of the U.S. banking or financial system, the applicant’sapplicant's performance record under the Community Reinvestment Act (the CRA) and fair housing initiatives, the data security and cybersecurity infrastructure of the constituent organizations and the combined organization, and the effectiveness of the subject organizations in combating money laundering activities. Each depositor’sdepositor's account with the Bank is insured by the FDIC to the maximum amount permitted by law. The Bank is also subject to certain regulations promulgated by the FRB and applicable provisions of Virginia law, insofar as they do not conflict with or are not preempted by federal banking law.


As a non-depository national banking association, Trust is subject to regulation, supervision and regular examination by the Comptroller. Trust’sTrust's exercise of fiduciary powers must comply with regulations promulgated by the Comptroller at 12 C.F.R. Part 9 and with Virginia law.


The regulations of the FRB, the Comptroller and the FDIC govern most aspects of the Company’sCompany's business, including deposit reserve requirements, investments, loans, certain check clearing activities, issuance of securities, payment of dividends, branching, and numerous other matters.  Further, the federal bank regulatory agencies have adopted guidelines and released interpretive materials that establish operational and managerial standards to promote the safe and sound operation of banks and bank holding companies.  These standards relate to the institution’sinstitution's key operating functions, including but not limited to internal controls, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth, asset quality, earnings, compensation of management, information systems, data security and cybersecurity, and risk management.  As a consequence of the extensive regulation of commercial banking activities in the United States, the Company’sCompany's business is particularly susceptible to changes in state and federal legislation and regulations, which may have the effect of increasing the cost of doing business, limiting permissible activities or increasing competition.


As a bank holding company, the Company is subject to the BHCA and regulation and supervision by the FRB. A bank holding company is required to obtain the approval of the FRB before making certain acquisitions or engaging in certain activities. Bank holding companies and their subsidiaries are also subject to restrictions on transactions with insiders and affiliates.


A bank holding company is required to obtain the approval of the FRB before it may acquire all or substantially all of the assets of any bank, and before it may acquire ownership or control of the voting shares of any bank if, after giving effect to the acquisition, the bank holding company would own or control more than 5 percent of the voting shares of such bank. The approval of the FRB is also required for the merger or consolidation of bank holding companies.


On July 9, 2021, President Biden issued an Executive Order on Promoting Competition in the American Economy, which, among other initiatives, encouraged the review of current practices and adoption of a plan for the revitalization of merger oversight under the BHCA and the Bank Merger Act. Making any formal changes to the framework for evaluating bank mergers would require an extended process, and any such changes are uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time. However, the adoption of more expansive or stringent standards may have an impact on the Company’s acquisition activity. Additionally, this Executive Order could influence the federal bank regulatory agencies’ expectations and supervisory oversight for banking acquisitions.

Pursuant to the BHCA, the FRB has the power to order any bank holding company or its subsidiaries to terminate any activity or to terminate its ownership or control of any subsidiary when the FRB has reasonable grounds to believe that continuation of such activity or ownership constitutes a serious risk to the financial soundness, safety or stability of any bank subsidiary of the bank holding company.


The Company is required to file periodic reports with the FRB and provide any additional information the FRB may require. The FRB also has the authority to examine the Company and its subsidiaries, as well as any arrangements between the Company and its subsidiaries, with the cost of any such examinations to be borne by the Company.  Banking subsidiaries of bank holding companies are also subject to certain restrictions imposed by federal law in dealings with their holding companies and other affiliates.


Regulatory Reform. The financial crisis of 2008, including the downturn of global economic, financial and money markets and the threat of collapse of numerous financial institutions, and other events led to the adoption of numerous laws and regulations that apply to, and focus on, financial institutions. The most significant of these laws is the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act), which was enacted on July 21, 2010 and, in part, was intended to implement significant structural reforms to the financial services industry.  The Dodd-Frank Act implemented far-reaching changes across the financial regulatory landscape, including changes that have significantly affected the business of all bank holding companies and banks, including the Company and the Bank. Some of the rules that have been proposed and, in some cases, adopted to comply with the Dodd-Frank Act’s mandates are discussed further below.


In May 2018, the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act (the EGRRCPA) was enacted to reduce the regulatory burden on certain banking organizations, including community banks, by modifying or eliminating certain federal regulatory requirements. While the EGRRCPA maintains most of the regulatory structure established by the Dodd-Frank Act, it amends certain aspects of the regulatory framework for small depository institutions with assets of less than $10 billion as well as for larger banks with assets above $50 billion. In addition, the EGRRCPA included regulatory relief for community banks regarding regulatory examination cycles, call reports, application of the Volcker Rule (proprietary trading prohibitions), mortgage disclosures, qualified mortgages, and risk weights for certain high-risk commercial real estate loans. However, federal banking regulators retain broad discretion to impose additional regulatory requirements on banking organizations based on safety and soundness and U.S. financial system stability considerations.


The Company continues to experience ongoing regulatory reform. These regulatory changes could have a significant effect on how the Company conducts its business. The specific implications of the Dodd-Frank Act, the EGRRCPA, and other potential regulatory reforms cannot yet be fully predicted and will depend to a large extent on the specific regulations that are to be adopted in the future. Certain aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act and the EGRRCPA are discussed in more detail below.


Capital Requirements and Prompt Corrective Action. The FRB, the Comptroller and the FDIC have adopted risk-based capital adequacy guidelines for bank holding companies and banks pursuant to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 (FDICIA) and the Basel III Capital Accords. See “Management’s"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Capital Resources”Resources" in Item 7 of this report on Form 10-K.


The federal banking agencies have broad powers to take prompt corrective action to resolve problems of insured depository institutions.  Under the FDICIA, there are five capital categories applicable to bank holding companies and insured institutions, each with specific regulatory consequences. The extent of the agencies’agencies' powers depends on whether the institution in question is “well"well capitalized,” “adequately" "adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized”" "undercapitalized," "significantly undercapitalized" or “critically"critically undercapitalized."  These terms are defined under uniform regulations issued by each of the federal banking agencies.  If the appropriate federal banking agency determines that an insured institution is in an unsafe or unsound condition, it may reclassify the institution to a lower capital category (other than critically undercapitalized) and require the submission of a plan to correct the unsafe or unsound condition.


Failure to meet statutorily mandated capital guidelines or more restrictive ratios separately established for a financial institution could subject the Company and its subsidiaries to a variety of enforcement remedies, including issuance of a capital directive, the termination of deposit insurance by the FDIC, a prohibition on accepting or renewing brokered deposits, limitations on the rates of interest that the institution may pay on its deposits, and other restrictions on its business.  In addition, an institution may not make a capital distribution, such as a dividend or other distribution that is in substance a distribution of capital to the owners of the institution if following such a distribution the institution would be undercapitalized. Thus, if the making of such dividend would cause the Bank to become undercapitalized, it could not pay a dividend to the Company.


Basel III Capital Framework. The federal bank regulatory agencies have adopted rules to implement the Basel III capital framework as outlined by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and standards for calculating risk-weighted assets and risk-based capital measurements (collectively, the Basel III Capital Rules).  For purposes of these capital rules, (i) common equity Tier 1 capital (CET1) consists principally of common stock (including surplus) and retained earnings; (ii) Tier 1 capital consists principally of CET1 plus non-cumulative preferred stock and related surplus, and certain grandfathered cumulative preferred stock and trust preferred securities; and (iii) Tier 2 capital consists of other capital instruments, principally qualifying subordinated debt and preferred stock, and limited amounts of an institution’sinstitution's allowance for loan losses.  Each regulatory capital classification is subject to certain adjustments and limitations, as implemented by the Basel III FinalCapital Rules.  The Basel III Capital Rules also establish risk weightings that are applied to many classes of assets held by community banks, including, importantly, applying higher risk weightings to certain commercial real estate loans.

The Basel III Capital Rules and minimum capital ratios required to be maintained by banks were effective on January 1, 2015. The Basel III Capital Rules also include a requirement that banks maintain additional capital, or a capital conservation buffer (as described below) which was phased in beginning January 1, 2016 and became fully phased in as of January 1, 2019.  As fully phased in, the Basel III Capital Rules require banks to maintain (i) a minimum ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, plus a 2.5% “capital"capital conservation buffer”buffer" (which is added to the 4.5% CET1 ratio, effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 7%), (ii) a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 6.0%, plus the capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 6.0% Tier 1 capital ratio, effectively resulting in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5%), (iii) a minimum ratio of total (that is, Tier 1 plus Tier 2) capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0%, plus the capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 8.0% total capital ratio, effectively resulting in a minimum total capital ratio of 10.5%) and (iv) a minimum leverage ratio of 4%, calculated as the ratio of Tier 1 capital to average total assets, subject to certain adjustments and limitations.


The Basel III Capital Rules provide deductions from and adjustments to regulatory capital measures, and primarily to CET1, including deductions and adjustments that were not applied to reduce CET1 under historical regulatory capital rules.  For example, mortgage servicing rights, deferred tax assets dependent upon future taxable income and significant investments in non-consolidated financial entities must be deducted from CET1 to the extent that any one such category exceeds 10% of CET1 or all such categories in the aggregate exceed 15% of CET1.
 
Community Bank Leverage Ratio.As a result ofrequired by the EGRRCPA, the federal banking agencies were required to develop ahave implemented the Community Bank Leverage Ratio Framework (the CBLRF), which is based on the ratio of a bank’s tangible equity capital to average total consolidated assets) for banking organizations with assets of less than $10 billion, such as the Bank. On October 29, 2019, the federal banking agencies issued a final rule that implements the CBLRF.assets. To qualify for the CBLRF, a bank must have less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, limited amounts of off-balance sheet exposures and trading assets and liabilities, and a leverage ratio greater than 9%. A bank that elects the CBLRF and has a leverage ratio greater than 9% will be considered to be in compliance with the Basel III capital requirements and exempt from the complex Basel III risk-based capital calculations and will also be deemed “well capitalized” under the prompt corrective action regulations.Prompt Corrective Action regulations, discussed below. A bank that falls out of compliance with the CBLRF will have a two-quarter grace period to come back into full compliance, provided its leverage ratio remains above 8% (a bank will be deemed well-capitalized“well capitalized” during the grace period). The CBLRF wasbecame available for banking organizations to begin using as ofbeginning March 31, 2020, (withwith the flexibility for banking organizations to subsequently opt into or out of the CBLRF, as applicable).applicable. The federal banking agencies issued an interim final rule in April 2020 to implement certain provisions of the CARES Act that temporarily modified the minimum leverage ratio requirements of the CBLRF. The minimum leverage ratio requirement was reduced from 9% to 8% for the second through fourth quarters of 2020 and 8.5% through 2021. A bank that falls out of compliance with the CBLRF will have a two-quarter grace period to come back into full compliance, provided its leverage ratio remains no more than 100 basis points below the applicable minimum leverage ratio requirement. The Bank didhas not elected to opt into the CBLRF.
 
Small Bank Holding Company.The EGRRCPA also expanded the category of bank holding companies that may rely on the FRB’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement by raising the maximum amount of assets a qualifying bank holding company may have from $1 billion to $3 billion. In addition to meeting the asset threshold, a bank holding company must not engage in significant nonbanking activities, not conduct significant off-balance sheet activities, and not have a material amount of debt or equity securities outstanding and registered with the SEC (subject to certain exceptions). The FRB may, in its discretion, exclude any bank holding company from the application of the Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement if such action is warranted for supervisory purposes.


In August 2018, the FRB issued an interim final rule to apply the Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement to bank holding companies with consolidated total assets of less than $3 billion. The policy statement, which, among other things, exempts certain bank holding companies from minimum consolidated regulatory capital ratios that apply to other bank holding companies. As a result of the interim final rule, which was effective August 30, 2018, the Company expects that it will be treated as a small bank holding company and will no longernot be subject to regulatory capital requirements. The comment period on the interim final rule closed on October 29, 2018 and, to date, the FRB.FRB has not issued a final rule to replace the interim final rule. The Bank remains subject to the regulatory capital requirements described above.


Insurance of Accounts, Assessments and Regulation by the FDIC.  The Bank’s deposits are insured by the DIFDeposit Insurance Fund (DIF) of the FDIC up to the standard maximum insurance amount for each deposit insurance ownership category. The basic limit on FDIC deposit insurance coverage is $250,000 per depositor. Under the FDIA,Federal Deposit Insurance Act (FDIA), the FDIC may terminate deposit insurance upon a finding that the institution has engaged in unsafe and unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations as an insured institution, or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC, subject to administrative and potential judicial hearing and review processes. The FDIC may also suspend deposit insurance temporarily during the hearing process for the permanent termination of insurance if the institution has no tangible capital. If deposit insurance is terminated, the deposits at the institution at the time of termination, less subsequent withdrawals, shall continue to be insured for a period from six months to two years, as determined by the FDIC. Management is aware of no existing circumstances that could result in termination of the Bank’s deposit insurance.


Deposit Insurance Assessments.  The DIF is funded by assessments on banks and other depository institutions calculated based on average consolidated total assets less average tangible equity (defined as Tier 1 capital). As required by the Dodd-Frank Act, the FDIC has adopted a large-bank pricing assessment scheme, set a target “designated reserve ratio” (described in more detail below) of 2% for the DIF and, in lieu of dividends, provides for a lower assessment rate schedule when the reserve ratio reaches 2% and 2.5%. An institution’sinstitution's assessment rate is based on a statistical analysis of financial ratios that estimates the likelihood of failure over a three-year period, which considers the institution’s weighted average CAMELS component rating, and is subject to further adjustments including those related to levels of unsecured debt and brokered deposits (not applicable to banks with less than $10 billion in assets). At December 31, 2020,2021, total base assessment rates for institutions that have been insured for at least five years range from 1.5 to 30 basis points applying to banks with less than $10 billion in assets.


The Dodd-Frank Act transferred to the FDIC increased discretion with regard to managing the required amount of reserves for the DIF, or the “designated reserve ratio.” The FDIA requires that the FDIC consider the appropriate level for the designated reserve ratio on at least an annual basis. As of December 31, 2020,2021, the designated reserve ratio was 2.00 percent2.00% and the minimum designated reserve ratio was 1.35%.

On June 30, 2019, Although the DIF reserve ratio reached 1.40%. Banks with assetsdeclined below the minimum level of less than $10 billion were awarded assessment credits for their portion of their assessments that contributed1.35% during 2020 due to the growth inimpact of significant deposit increases which led the reserve ratio.  The FDIC applied these credits to adopt a DIF restoration plan, and the DIF was 1.27% at December 30, 2021, the FDIC has not increased base assessment invoices beginning in the second quarter assessment period of 2019. The Company’s total assessment credit was $250 thousand.rates.


In June 2020, the FDIC adopted a final rule that generally removes the effect of PPP lending when calculating a bank’s deposit insurance assessment by providing an offset to the bank’s total assessment amount for the increase in the assessment base attributable to the bank’s participation in the PPP. This final rule began applying to FDIC deposit insurance assessments during the second quarter of 2020.


Incentive Compensation. The FRB, the Comptroller and the FDIC have issued regulatory guidance intended to ensure that the incentive compensation policies of banking organizations do not undermine the safety and soundness of such organizations by encouraging excessive risk-taking. The FRB will review, as part of the regular, risk-focused examination process, the incentive compensation arrangements of banking organizations, such as the Company, that are not “large,"large, complex banking organizations." The findings will be included in reports of examination, and deficiencies will be incorporated into the organization’sorganization's supervisory ratings. Enforcement actions may be taken against a banking organization if its incentive compensation arrangements, or related risk-management control or governance processes, pose a risk to the organization’sorganization's safety and soundness and the organization is not taking prompt and effective measures to correct the deficiencies.


In addition, in 2016, the SEC and the federal banking agencies proposed rules that prohibit covered financial institutions (including bank holding companies and banks) from establishing or maintaining incentive-based compensation arrangements that encourage inappropriate risk taking by providing covered persons (consisting of senior executive officers and significant risk takers, as defined in the rules) with excessive compensation, fees or benefits that could lead to material financial loss to the financial institution.  The proposed rules outline factors to be considered when analyzing whether compensation is excessive and whether an incentive-based compensation arrangement encourages inappropriate risks that could lead to material loss to the covered financial institution, and establishes minimum requirements that incentive-based compensation arrangements must meet to be considered to not encourage inappropriate risks and to appropriately balance risk and reward.  The proposed rules also impose additional corporate governance requirements on the boards of directors of covered financial institutions and impose additional record-keeping requirements.  The comment period for these proposed rules has closed and a final rule has not yet been published. However, in 2021, the SEC signaled a renewed interest in these matters by re-opening the comment period on a proposed rule regarding clawbacks of incentive-based executive compensation, which was originally proposed in 2015.


Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta. The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) of Atlanta, which is one of 12 regional FHLBs that provide funding to their members for making housing loans as well as for affordable housing and community development loans. Each FHLB serves as a reserve, or central bank, for the members within its assigned region. Each FHLB makes loans to members in accordance with policies and procedures established by the Board of Directors of the FHLB. As a member, the Bank must purchase and maintain stock in the FHLB. Additional information related to the Bank’s FHLB stock can be found in Note 16:16, Fair Value Measurements of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” of this report on Form 10-K.


Community Reinvestment Act. The Company is subject to the requirements of the CRA, which imposes on financial institutions an affirmative and ongoing obligation to meet the credit needs of their local communities, including low and moderate-income neighborhoods, consistent with the safe and sound operation of those institutions. A financial institution’sinstitution's efforts in meeting community credit needs are currently assessed based on specified factors.  These factors also are considered in evaluating mergers, acquisitions and applications to open a branch or facility. At its last evaluation in 2020, the Bank received an “Outstanding” CRA rating.


In December 2019, the FDIC and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency jointly proposed rules that would significantly change existing CRA regulations. The proposed rules are intended to increase bank activity in low and moderate-income communities where there is significant need for credit, more responsible lending, greater access to banking services, and improvements to critical infrastructure. The proposals change four key areas: (i) clarifying what activities qualify for CRA credit; (ii) updating where activities count for CRA credit; (iii) providing a more transparent and objective method for measuring CRA performance; and (iv) revising CRA-related data collection, record keeping, and reporting. The Company is evaluating what impact this proposed rule, if implemented, may have.

Confidentiality and Required Disclosures of Consumer Information. The Company is subject to various laws and regulations that address the privacy of nonpublic personal financial information of consumers. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and certain regulations issued thereunder protect against the transfer and use by financial institutions of consumer nonpublic personal information. A financial institution must provide to its customers, at the beginning of the customer relationship and annually thereafter, the institution’sinstitution's policies and procedures regarding the handling of customers’customers' nonpublic personal financial information. These privacy provisions generally prohibit a financial institution from providing a customer’scustomer's personal financial information to unaffiliated third parties unless the institution discloses to the customer that the information may be so provided and the customer is given the opportunity to opt out of such disclosure.

In August 2018, the CFPB published its final rule to update Regulation P pursuant to the amended Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. Under this rule, certain qualifying financial institutions are not required to provide annual privacy notices to customers. To qualify, a financial institution must not share nonpublic personal information about customers except as described in certain statutory exceptions which do not trigger a customer’s statutory opt-out right. In addition, the financial institution must not have changed its disclosure policies and practices from those disclosed in its most recent privacy notice. The rule sets forth timing requirements for delivery of annual privacy notices in the event that a financial institution that qualified for the annual notice exemption later changes its policies or practices in such a way that it no longer qualifies for the exemption.


Data privacy and data protection are areas of increasing state legislative focus.  In March 2021, the Governor of Virginia signed into law the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (the VCDPA), which goes into effect January 1, 2023.  The VCDPA grants Virginia residents the right to access, correct, delete, know, and opt-out of the sale and processing for targeted advertising purposes of their personal information, similar to the protections provided by similar consumer data privacy laws in California and in Europe.  The VCDPA also imposes data protection assessment requirements and authorizes the Attorney General of Virginia to enforce the VCDPA, but does not provide a private right of action for consumers.  The Company and the Bank cannot yet predict how the implementation of the VCDPA will impact the Bank’s products, services or other business activities. The Company continues to monitor legislative, regulatory and supervisory developments related thereto.

The Company is also subject to various laws and regulations that attempt to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. The Bank Secrecy Act requires all financial institutions to, among other things, create a system of controls designed to prevent money laundering and the financing of terrorism, and imposes recordkeeping and reporting requirements. The USA Patriot Act facilitates information sharing among governmental entities and financial institutions for the purpose of combating terrorism and money laundering, and requires financial institutions to establish anti-money laundering programs. Regulations adopted under the Bank Secrecy Act impose on financial institutions customer due diligence requirements, and the federal banking regulators expect that customer due diligence programs will be integrated within a financial institution’s broader Bank Secrecy Act and anti-money laundering compliance program. The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), which is a division of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, is responsible for helping to ensure that United States entities do not engage in transactions with “enemies”"enemies" of the United States, as defined by various Executive Orders and Acts of Congress. If the Bank finds a name of an “enemy”"enemy" of the United States on any transaction, account or wire transfer that is on an OFAC list, it must freeze such account or place transferred funds into a blocked account, file a suspicious activity report with the Treasury and notify the FBI.


Although these laws and programs impose compliance costs and create privacy obligations and, in some cases, reporting obligations, and compliance with all of the laws, programs, and privacy and reporting obligations may require significant resources of the Company and the Bank, these laws and programs do not materially affect the Bank’s products, services or other business activities.


Corporate Transparency Act. In December 2020, On January 1, 2021, as part of the U.S. Congress enacted the2021 National Defense Authorization Act, (the NDAA) for fiscal year 2021. Among its many provisions,Congress enacted the NDAA includes the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020 (the AMLA) and the related Corporate Transparency Act of 2019 (the CTA).(CTA), which requires The CTA is a significant update to federal Bank Secrecy Act/Anti-money Laundering (BSA/AML) regulations. The CTA aims to eliminate the use of shell companies that facilitate the laundering of criminal proceeds and, for that purpose, directs the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) to issue regulations implementing reporting requirements for “reporting companies” (as defined in the CTA) to disclose beneficial ownership interests of certain U.S. and foreign entities by January 1, 2022. The CTA imposes additional reporting requirements on entities not previously subject to such beneficial ownership disclosure regulations and also contains exemptions for several different types of entities, including among others: (i) certain banks, bank holding companies, and credit unions; (ii) money transmitting businesses registered with FinCEN; and (iii) certain insurance companies. Reporting companies subject to the CTA will be required to provide specific information with respect to beneficial owner(s) (as defined in the CTA) as well as satisfy initial filing obligations (for newly-formed reporting companies) and submit on-going periodic reports. Non-compliance with FinCEN regulations promulgated under the CTA may result in civil fines as well as criminal penalties. At this time,

In December 2021, FinCEN has yet toproposed the first of three sets of rules that it will issue any proposed rules to implement the CTA. Accordingly,beneficial ownership reporting requirements of the CTA, with subsequent rulemakings expected (i) to implement the CTA’s protocols for access to and disclosure of beneficial ownership information, and (ii) to revise the existing customer due diligence requirements that apply to the Company, the Bank, Trust, and many other financial institutions, to ensure consistency between these requirements and the beneficial ownership reporting rules. The Company is unable to determine whatthe ultimate impact (if any)of the CTA and related regulations will have on the Company and its subsidiaries, including the Bank.subsidiaries. The Company will continue to monitor regulatory developments related to the CTA.CTA, including future FinCEN rulemakings.


The CTA’s disclosure requirements are similar to the current FinCEN-promulgated Customer Due Diligence (CDD) Rule and related regulations applicable to the entity customers of banks. At this time, the Bank cannot predict how implementation of the new CTA requirements will affect the provisions of the CDD Rule or the Bank’s compliance with the CDD Rule and related BSA/AML regulations. No guidance or proposals with respect to either the CTA or revised CDD Rule requirements have yet been proposed by FinCEN or the other federal banking regulators. FinCEN is expected to initiate new CTA-related rulemakings and propose revisions to its CDD rules in the near-term. The Bank continues to monitor legislative, regulatory, and supervisory developments related thereto.

Cybersecurity. The federal banking agencies have adopted guidelines for establishing information security standards and cybersecurity programs for implementing safeguards under the supervision of a financial institution’s board of directors. These guidelines, along with related regulatory materials, increasingly focus on risk management and processes related to information technology and the use of third parties in the provision of financial products and services. The federal banking agencies expect financial institutions to establish lines of defense and ensure that their risk management processes also address the risk posed by compromised customer credentials, and also expect financial institutions to maintain sufficient business continuity planning processes to ensure rapid recovery, resumption and maintenance of the institution’s operations after a cyber-attack. If the Company, the Bank or Trust fails to meet the expectations set forth in this regulatory guidance, the Company, the Bank or Trust could be subject to various regulatory actions and any remediation efforts may require significant resources. In addition, all federal and state bank regulatory agencies continue to increase focus on cybersecurity programs and risks as part of regular supervisory exams.

In October 2016, the federal banking agencies issued proposed rules on enhanced cybersecurity risk-management and resilience standards that would apply to very large financial institutions and to services provided by third parties to these institutions. The comment period for these proposed rules has closed and a final rule has not been published. Although the proposed rules would apply only to bank holding companies and banks with $50 billion or more in total consolidated assets, these rules could influence the federal banking agencies’ expectations and supervisory requirements for information security standards and cybersecurity programs of smaller financial institutions, such as the Company, the Bank and Trust.


On November 18, 2021, the federal bank regulatory agencies issued a final rule to improve the sharing of information about cyber incidents that may affect the U.S. banking system. The rule requires a banking organization to notify its primary federal regulator of any significant computer-security incident as soon as possible and no later than 36 hours after the banking organization determines that a cyber incident has occurred. Notification is required for incidents that have materially affected—or are reasonably likely to materially affect—the viability of a banking organization’s operations, its ability to deliver banking products and services, or the stability of the financial sector. In addition, the rule requires a bank service provider to notify affected banking organization customers as soon as possible when the provider determines that it has experienced a computer-security incident that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect banking organization customers for four or more hours. Compliance with the final rule is required by May 1, 2022. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this rule, but does not anticipate any material impact to operations at this time.

Consumer Laws and Regulations. The Company is also subject to certain consumer laws and regulations that are designed to protect consumers in transactions with banks. While the list set forth herein is not exhaustive, these laws and regulations include the Truth in Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act and the Fair Housing Act, among others. These laws and regulations mandate certain disclosure requirements and regulate the manner in which financial institutions transact business with customers. The Company must comply with the applicable provisions of these consumer protection laws and regulations as part of its ongoing customer relations.


The CFPB is the federal regulatory agency responsible for implementing, examining and enforcing compliance with federal consumer financial laws for institutions with more than $10 billion of assets and, to a lesser extent, smaller institutions. The CFPB supervises and regulates providers of consumer financial products and services and has rulemaking authority in connection with numerous federal consumer financial protection laws (for example, but not limited to, the Truth in Lending Act and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act).  As a smaller institution (i.e., with assets of $10 billion or less), most consumer protection aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act will continue to be applied to the Company by the FRB and to the Bank and Trust by the Comptroller. However, the CFPB may include its own examiners in regulatory examinations by a smaller institution’sinstitution's prudential regulators and may require smaller institutions to comply with certain CFPB reporting requirements. In addition, regulatory positions taken by the CFPB and administrative and legal precedents established by CFPB enforcement activities, including in connection with supervision of larger bank holding companies and banks, could influence how the FRB and Comptroller apply consumer protection laws and regulations to financial institutions that are not directly supervised by the CFPB. The precise effect of the CFPB’sCFPB's consumer protection activities on the Company cannot be forecast. As of January 1, 2020,2021, the Company and the Bank are not subject to the direct supervision of the CFPB.


Mortgage Banking Regulation.  In connection with making mortgage loans, the Bank is subject to rules and regulations that, among other things, establish standards for loan origination, prohibit discrimination, provide for inspections and appraisals of property, require credit reports on prospective borrowers, in some cases, restrict certain loan features and fix maximum interest rates and fees, require the disclosure of certain basic information to mortgagors concerning credit and settlement costs, limit payment for settlement services to the reasonable value of the services rendered and require the maintenance and disclosure of information regarding the disposition of mortgage applications based on race, gender, geographical distribution and income level. The Bank’sBank's mortgage origination activities are subject to the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Truth in Lending Act, Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, and Home Ownership Equity Protection Act, and the regulations promulgated under these acts, among other additional state and federal laws, regulations and rules.


The Bank’sBank's mortgage origination activities are also subject to Regulation Z, which implements the Truth in Lending Act. Certain provisions of Regulation Z require mortgage lenders to make a reasonable and good faith determination, based on verified and documented information, that a consumer applying for a mortgage loan has a reasonable ability to repay the loan according to its terms. Alternatively, mortgage lender  can  originate  “qualified mortgages”"qualified mortgages", which are generally defined as mortgage loans without negative amortization, interest-only payments, balloon payments, terms exceeding 30 years, and points and fees paid by a consumer equal to or less than 3% of the total loan amount. Under the EGRRCPA, most residential mortgages loans originated and held in portfolio by a bank with less than $10 billion in assets will be designated as “qualified mortgages.” Higher-priced qualified mortgages (e.g., subprime loans) receive a rebuttable presumption of compliance with ability-to-repay rules, and other qualified mortgages (e.g., prime loans) are deemed to comply with the ability-to-repay rules. The Bank originates first mortgage loans that comply with Regulation Z’s “qualified mortgage”Z's "qualified mortgage" rules. The Bank also originates second mortgages, or equity loans, and these loans do not conform to the qualified mortgage criteria but comply with applicable ability-to-repay rules. On November 15, 2019, the CFPB issued an interpretive rule providing that loan originators with temporary authority may act as a loan originator for a temporary period of time, as specified in the Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act of 2008, in a state while that state considers their application for a loan originator license, if they meet certain screening and training requirements. The rule was effective November 24, 2019.


Volcker Rule. The Dodd-Frank Act prohibits bank holding companies and their subsidiary banks from engaging in proprietary trading except in limited circumstances, and places limits on ownership of equity investments in private equity and hedge funds (the Volcker Rule). The EGRRCPA, exemptedand final rules adopted to implement the EGRRCPA, exempt all banks with less than $10 billion in assets (including their holding companies and affiliates) from the Volcker Rule, provided thatthe institution has total trading assets and liabilities of five percentfive% or less of total assets, subject to certain limited exceptions. In December 2018, the federal banking agencies invited public comment on a proposal to exclude community banks from the application of the Volcker Rule. The Company believes that its financial condition and its operations are not and will not be significantly affected by the Volcker Rule, amendments thereto, or its implementing regulations.


Call Reports and Examination Cycle. All institutions, regardless of size, submit a quarterly call report that includes data used by federal banking agencies to monitor the condition, performance, and risk profile of individual institutions and the industry as a whole. The EGRRCPA contained provisions expanding the number of regulated institutions eligible to use streamlinestreamlined call report forms. In November 2018,June 2019, consistent with the provisions of the EGRRCPA, the federal banking agencies issued a proposalfinal rule to permit insured depository institutions with total assets of less than $5 billion that do not engage in certain complex or international activities to file the most streamlined version of the quarterly call report, and to reduce data reportable on certain streamlined call report submissions.


In December 2018, consistent with the provisions of the EGRRCPA, the federal banking agencies jointly adopted final rules that permit banks with up to $3 billion in total assets, that received a composite CAMELS rating of “1” or “2,” and that meet certain other criteria (including not having undergone any change in control during the previous 12-month period, and not being subject to a formal enforcement proceeding or order), to qualify for an 18-month on-site examination cycle.


COVID-19 Related Regulatory Relief.In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, federal banking agencies issued a joint statement on March 22, 2020 encouraging banking institutions to work with borrowers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, including offering short-term loan modifications to borrowers unable to meet their contractual payment obligations. Under this interagency guidance, certain loans that have been modified are exempt from being reported as past due or as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs). Further, the CARES Act, as later amended as discussed below, provided additional exemptions from TDR reporting for certain loans that have beenwere modified for reasons related to the COVID-19 pandemic.pandemic prior to January 1, 2022. As of December 31, 2021, the Bank had no loans under modification that were exempt from being reported as TDRs under the CARES Act. Regulatory agencies also issued an interim final rule on April 7, 2020 which provides relief in bank regulatory capital requirements that allow loans originated under the PPP to be excluded from risk-weighted assets, and to be excluded from total assets for purposes of bank leverage ratio requirements if they are pledged as collateral to the PPPLF.assets.


Congress also enacted the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, on December 27, 2020, which included (i) the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Non-profits, and Venues Act, (ii) the COVID-Related Tax Relief Act of 2020, and (iii) the Taxpayer Certainty and Disability Relief Act of 2020. These laws include significant clarifications and modifications to PPP, which had terminated on August 8, 2020.2020, and an extension of provisions under the CARES Act related to loan modifications. In particular, Congress revived the PPP and allocated an additional $284.45 billion in PPP funds for 2021. As a result,The Bank participated in lending under the SBA has modified prior guidancePPP and promulgated new regulations and guidance to conform with and implement the new provisions during the first quarterhad $19.0 million of 2021. As a participatingoutstanding PPP lender, the Bank continues to monitor legislative, regulatory, and supervisory developments related thereto.loans as of December 31, 2021.


Effect of Governmental Monetary Policies.
As with other financial institutions, the earnings of the Company and the Bank are affected by general economic conditions as well as by the monetary policies of the Federal Reserve Board. Such policies, which include regulating the national supply of bank reserves and bank credit, can have a major effect upon the source and cost of funds and the rates of return earned on loans and investments. The Federal Reserve Board exerts a substantial influence on interest rates and credit conditions, primarily through establishing target rates for federal funds, open market operations in U.S. Government securities, varying the discount rate on member bank borrowings and setting cash reserve requirements against deposits. Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, will influence the origination of loans, the purchase of investments, the generation of deposits, and rates received on loans and investment securities and paid on deposits. Fluctuations in the Federal Reserve Board’s monetary policies have had a significant impact on the operating results of the CompanyCorporation and the Bank and are expected to continue to do so in the future.


In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Reserve Board’s Federal Open Market Committee (the FOMC) setdecreased the federal funds target rate – i.e., the interest rate at which depository institutions such as the Bank lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight on an uncollateralized basis – to an historic low. On March 16, 2020,a rate of zero to 0.25%. During the first quarter of 2022, the FOMC setraised the federal funds target rate at zeroby 0.25% and multiple members of the FOMC have signaled an intent to 0.25 percent. Consistent with Federal Reserve Board policy, the Federal Reserve Board has committed to the use of overnight reverse repurchase agreements as a supplementary policy tool, as necessary, to help controlincrease further the federal funds target rate and keep it in the target range set by the FOMC.during 2022.


Future Regulation. From time to time, various legislative and regulatory initiatives are introduced in Congress and state legislatures, as well as by regulatory agencies. Such initiatives may include proposals to expand or contract the powers of bank holding companies and depository institutions or proposals to substantially change the financial institution regulatory system. Such legislation could change banking statutes and the operating environment of the Company in substantial and unpredictable ways. If enacted, such legislation could increase or decrease the cost of doing business, limit or expand permissible activities or affect the competitive balance among banks, savings associations, credit unions, and other financial institutions. The Company cannot predict whether any such legislation will be enacted, and, if enacted, the effect that it, or any implementing regulations, would have on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company. A change in statutes, regulations or regulatory policies applicable to the Company or the Bank (or Trust) could have a material effect on our business.


11

Item 1A.
Risk Factors


In addition to the other information contained in this report, including the information contained in “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” investors in the Company’s securities should carefully consider the factors discussed below. An investment in the Company’s securities involves risks. The factors below, among others, could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or capital position, or cause the Company’s results to differ materially from its historical results or the results expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements contained in this report.

Risk Factors Relatedreport, in which case the trading price of the Company’s common stock could decline. The risk factors discussed below highlight the risks that the Company believes are material to the COVID-19 Pandemic
The Company’s resultsCompany, but do not necessarily include all risk that an investor may face, and investors should not interpret the disclosure of operations and financial condition have been, and will likely continuea risk to be, adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and, depending on future developments, may be materially adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus and the resulting COVID-19 pandemic, the widespread government response and the impact on consumers and businesses have caused significant disruption in the United States and international economies and financial markets and have had and will likely continue to have a significant impact on consumers and businesses in our market area and the operations and financial performance of the Company. Governments, businesses and the public have taken unprecedented actions to try and contain the spread of COVID-19 and to mitigate its effects including quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, state of emergency declarations, travel bans, closures of businesses and schools, fiscal stimulus and legislative initiatives to deliver monetary aid and other relief. Many of these actions have adversely impacted the economy and forced temporary closures of nonessential business, and as a result, the businesses of many of our customers have been adversely impacted, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Many state and local governments began implementing phased regulations and guidelines for reopening communities and economies, often with reduced capacity and social distancing restrictions. However, recently, many state and local governments have implemented additional restrictions in light of the significant COVID-19 resurgence.

Although the scope, duration and full effects of the pandemic are evolving and cannot be fully known at this time, consequences of the pandemic and efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19 and mitigate the pandemic’s effects have included and may include further market volatility, lower interest rates, disrupted trade and supply chains, increased unemployment and reduced economic activity. The period of recovery from the negative economic effects of the pandemic cannot be predicted and may be protracted. If these effects continue for a prolonged period of time, the Company may experience significant delinquencies and credit losses due to the inability of borrowers to make timely payments on loans, net interest margin compression, lower demand for our products and services, decreased capital, which may affect the Company’s ability to originate new loans, disruption of operational processes arising from practices of social distancing and telecommuting and potential impairment of assets, including securities available for sale and goodwill. Credit deterioration in the Company’s loan portfolio due to the pandemic may be masked or obscured by loan payment deferral programs or government stimulus or relief efforts, such as the PPP. The COVID-19 pandemic may also exacerbate many ofimply that the risk factors identified in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including risk related to our credit quality, collateral, capital, liquidity, operations, interest rate risk, strategic risk and technology.has not already materialized.


Although banks have generally been permitted to continue operating during the COVID-19 outbreak, the outbreak has caused the Company to change its business operations, including updating branch operations to comply with governmental recommendations and increasing work from home options for our employees. These changes may have adverse impacts on the Company’s business due to reduced effectiveness of operations, unavailability of personnel, increased cybersecurity risks related to use of remote technology, and increased costs related to these operational changes. Additionally, our business operations may be disrupted if key personnel or significant portions of our employees are unable to work effectively, including because of illness. The changes in business operations could also have a detrimental effect on the Company’s relationships with its customers and could reduce demand for the Company’s products and services.

Unfavorable economic conditions and elevated unemployment due to the pandemic may make it difficult for the Company to maintain deposit levels and loan origination volume. Such unfavorable conditions may cause the value of our investment portfolio and of the collateral securing the Company’s loans to decline. The Federal Reserve has lowered the federal funds rate to a range of zero to 0.25 percent in part as a result of the pandemic. A prolonged period of very low interest rates could reduce the Company’s net income and have a material adverse effect on the Company’s cash flows.

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to the duration, spread, severity and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the uncertainty regarding new variants of COVID-19 that have emerged and the actions required to contain and mitigate it, the effectiveness of vaccines and vaccine distribution efforts, the effects of the pandemic on our customers and vendors, the remedial actions and stimulus measures adopted by local, state and federal governments, the timing and availability of government support for the economy and financial markets including indirect governmental support for various financial assets including mortgage loans, the short- and long-term health impacts of the pandemic, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume, if at all. If the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic worsens, additional actions may be taken by federal, state, and local governments to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, including additional shelter-in-place orders. There can be no assurance that any efforts by the Company to address the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic will be effective. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience adverse impacts to our business as a result of any economic recession or depression that has occurred or may occur in the future, or as a result of changes in the behavior of customers, businesses and their employees. Furthermore, the financial condition of our customers and vendors may be adversely impacted, which may result in an elevated level of loan losses, a decrease in demand for our products and services, or reduced availability of services provided by third parties on which we rely. Any of these events may, in turn, have a material adverse impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Risk Factors Related to our Lending Activities and Economic Conditions
U.S. and international economic conditions and credit markets pose challenges for the Company and could adversely affect the results of operations, liquidity and financial condition. In recent years, economic growth and business activity in the Company’sCompany's local markets as well as in the broader national and international economies, has been modest. In addition, domestic and foreign policies and the level of U.S. debt may present challenges to businesses and have a destabilizing effect on financial markets. Unfavorable or uncertain economic conditions generally could cause a decline in the value of the Company’sCompany's securities portfolio and could increase the regulatory scrutiny of financial institutions. Another deterioration of local economic conditions could again lead to declines in real estate values and home sales and increases in the financial stress on borrowers and unemployment rates, all of which could lead to increases in loan delinquencies, problem assets and foreclosures and reductions in loan collateral value. Such a deterioration of local economic conditions could cause the level of loan losses to exceed the level the Company has provided in its allowance for loan losses which, in turn, would reduce the Company’sCompany's earnings.


Global credit market conditions could return to being disrupted and volatile. Although the Company remains well capitalized and has not suffered any liquidity issues, the cost and availability of funds may be adversely affected by illiquid credit markets. Any future turbulence in the U.S. and international markets and economy may adversely affect the Company’sCompany's liquidity, financial condition and profitability.


Weaknesses in the commercial real estate markets could negatively affect the Company’sCompany's financial performance due to the Company’sCompany's concentration in commercial real estate loans. At December 31, 2020,2021, the Company had $383.4$460.1 million, or 45.8%54.5%, of total loans concentrated in commercial real estate, which includes, for purposes of this concentration, all construction loans, loans secured by multifamily residential properties, loans secured by farmland and loans secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties. Commercial real estate loans expose the Company to a greater risk of loss than residential real estate and consumer loans. Commercial real estate loans typically involve larger loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers compared to residential real estate and consumer loans. Consequently, an adverse development with respect to one commercial real estate loan or credit relationship exposes the Company to a significantly greater risk of loss compared to an adverse development with respect to one residential real estate loan. Commercial real estate loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business if the properties are owner occupied. If the properties are non-owner occupied, the repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flow from rent receipts. Repayment of commercial real estate loans may, to a greater extent than residential real estate loans, be subject to adverse conditions in the real estate market or economy. Weak economic or market conditions may impair a borrower’sborrower's business operations, slow the execution of new leases and lead to turnover in existing leases. The combination of these factors could result in deterioration in value of some of the Company’sCompany's loans. The deterioration of one or more of the Company’sCompany's significant commercial real estate loans could cause a significant increase in nonaccrual loans. An increase in nonaccrual loans could result in a loss of interest income from those loans, an increase in the provision for loan losses, and an increase in loan charge-offs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’sCompany's financial performance.


The Company’sCompany's profitability depends significantly on local economic conditions and changes in the federal government’sgovernment's military or defense spending may negatively affect the local economy. The Company’sCompany's success depends primarily on the general economic conditions of the markets in which the Company operates. Unlike larger financial institutions that are more geographically diversified, the Company provides banking and financial services to customers primarily in the Hampton Roads MSA. The local economic conditions in this area have a significant impact on the demand for loans, the ability of the borrowers to repay these loans and the value of the collateral securing these loans. A significant decline in general economic conditions, caused by inflation, recession, acts of terrorism, an outbreak of hostilities or other international or domestic calamities, unemployment or other factors beyond the Company’sCompany's control could impact these local economic conditions.


In addition, Hampton Roads is home to one of the largest military installations in the world and one of the largest concentrations of Department of Defense personnel in the United States. Some of the Company’sCompany's customers may be particularly sensitive to the level of federal government spending on the military or on defense-related products. Federal spending is affected by numerous factors, including macroeconomic conditions, presidential administration priorities, and the ability of the federal government to enact relevant appropriations bills and other legislation. Any of these factors could result in future cuts to military or defense spending or increased uncertainty about federal spending, which could have a severe negative impact on individuals and businesses in the Company’sCompany's primary service area. Any related increase in unemployment rates or reduction in business development activities in the Company’sCompany's primary service area could lead to reductions in loan demand, increases in loan delinquencies, problem assets and foreclosures and reductions in loan collateral value, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’sCompany's operating results and financial condition.


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Loans that the Bank has made through federal programs are dependent on the federal government’s continuation and support of these programs and on the Bank’s compliance with program requirements. The Bank participates in various U.S. government agency loan guarantee programs, including programs operated by the SBA. If the Bank fails to follow any applicable regulations, guidelines or policies associated with a particular guarantee program, any loans the Bank originates as part of that program may lose the associated guarantee, exposing the Bank to credit risk it would not otherwise be exposed to or have underwritten, or result in the Bank’s inability to continue originating loans under such programs, either of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.
 
Federal and state governments have enacted laws and implemented programs intending to stimulate the economy in light of the business and market disruptions that were related to COVID-19, including the PPP. The Bank participated as a lender in both rounds of the PPP. The PPP loans are fully guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by the SBA and the Bank believes that the significant majority of these loans have been or will be forgiven. However, there can be no assurance that the borrowers will use or have used the funds appropriately or will have satisfied the staffing or payment requirements to qualify for forgiveness in whole or in part. Any portion of the loan that is not forgiven must be repaid by the borrower. In the event of a loss resulting from a default on a PPP loan and a determination by the SBA that there was a deficiency in the manner in which the PPP loan was originated, funded or serviced by the Bank, which may or may not be related to an ambiguity in the laws, rules or guidance regarding operation of the PPP, the SBA may deny its liability under the guaranty, reduce the amount of the guaranty, or, if the Bank has already been paid under the guaranty, seek recovery from the Bank of any loss related to the deficiency. Several large banks have been subject to litigation regarding the process and procedures that such banks used in processing applications for the PPP. The Bank may be exposed to the risk of litigation, from both customers and non-customers that approached the Bank regarding PPP loans and the Bank’s PPP processes. If any such litigation is filed against the Bank and is not resolved in a manner favorable to the Bank, it may result in significant financial liability or adversely affect the Bank’s reputation. Any financial liability, litigation costs or reputational damage caused by PPP related litigation could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Company is subject to losses resulting from fraudulent and negligent acts on the part of loan applicants, correspondents or other third parties. The Company relies heavily upon information supplied by third parties, including the information contained in credit applications, employment and income documentation, property appraisals, title information, and equipment pricing and valuation, in deciding which loans to originate, as well as in establishing the terms of those loans. If any of the information upon which the Company relies during the loan approval process is misrepresented, either fraudulently or inadvertently, and the misrepresentation is not detected prior to asset funding, the value of the asset may be significantly lower than expected, the Company may fund a loan that it would not have otherwise funded or the Company may fund a loan on terms that it would not have otherwise extended. Whether a misrepresentation is made by the applicant or by another third party, the Company generally bears the risk of loss associated with the misrepresentation. In addition, a loan subject to a material misrepresentation is typically unsellable or subject to repurchase if it is sold prior to detection of the misrepresentation. The sources of the misrepresentation are often difficult to locate, and it may be difficult to recover any monetary loss the Company may suffer.


Declines in loans outstanding could have a material adverse impact on the Company’sCompany's operating results and financial condition. Growing and diversifying the loan portfolio is part of the Company’sCompany's strategic initiative.  If quality loan demand does not continue to increase and the Company’sCompany's loan portfolio begins to decline, the Company expects that excess liquidity will be invested in marketable securities. Because loans typically yield higher returns than the Company’sCompany's securities portfolio, a shift towards investments in the Company’sCompany's asset mix would likely result in an overall reduction in net interest income and the net interest margin. The principal source of earnings for the Company is net interest income, and as discussed above, the Company’sCompany's net interest margin is a major determinant of the Company’sCompany's profitability. The effects of a reduction in net interest income and the net interest margin may be exacerbated by the intense competition for quality loans in the Company’sCompany's primary service area and by rate reductions on loans currently held in the portfolio. As a result, a reduction in loans could have a material adverse effect on the Company’sCompany's operating results and financial condition.


The small-to-medium size businesses the Company targets may have fewer financial resources to weather a downturn in the economy, which could materially harm operating results. The Company targets individual and small-to-medium size business customers. Small-to-medium size businesses frequently have smaller market shares than their competitors, may be more vulnerable to economic downturns or periods of significant inflation, often need substantial additional capital to expand and compete and may experience significant volatility in operating results. Any one or more of these factors may impair a borrower’sborrower's ability to repay a loan. In addition, the success of a small-to-medium size business often depends on the management talents and efforts of one person or a small group of persons, and the death, disability or resignation of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on the business and its ability to repay a loan. Economic downturns and other events that negatively impact businesses in the Company’sCompany's primary service area could have a proportionately greater impact on small-to-medium-size businesses and accordingly could cause the Company to incur substantial credit losses that could negatively affect its results of operations and financial condition.


The allowance for loan losses may not be adequate to cover actual losses. A significant source of risk arises from the possibility that losses could be sustained because borrowers, guarantors, and related parties may fail to perform in accordance with the terms of their loans and leases. There is no precise method to predict loan losses. Like all financial institutions, the Company maintains an allowance for loan losses (ALL) to provide for loan defaults and non-performance. Accounting measurements related to impairment and the allowance for loan losses require significant estimates that are subject to uncertainty and changes relating to new information and changing circumstances. The allowance for loan losses may not be adequate to cover actual loan losses. In addition, future provisions for loan losses could materially and adversely affect, and have in recent years materially and adversely affected, the Company’sCompany's operating results.


The allowance for loan losses is determined by analyzing historical loan losses, current trends in delinquencies and charge-offs, plans for problem loan resolutions, changes in the size and composition of the loan portfolio and industry information. Also included in management’smanagement's estimates for loan losses are considerations with respect to the impact of economic events that management believes may cause future losses to deviate from historical experience, the outcome of which are uncertain. The determination of the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses inherently involves a high degree of subjectivity and judgment. The amount of future losses is susceptible to changes in economic and other conditions, including changes in interest rates, that may be beyond the Company’sCompany's control and these future losses may exceed current estimates. If management’smanagement's assumptions prove to be incorrect or if the Company experiences significant loan losses in future periods, the current level of the allowance for loan losses may not be adequate to cover actual loan losses and adjustments may be necessary. In addition, federal regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, review the Company’sCompany's loans and allowance for loan losses and may require an increase in the allowance for loan losses or recognition of additional loan charge-offs, based on judgments different from those of management. While management believes that the Company’sCompany's allowance is adequate to cover current losses, the Company cannot assure investors that it will not need to increase the allowance or that regulators will not require the allowance to be increased. Either of these occurrences could materially and adversely affect earnings and profitability.


Additionally, the measure of the Company’s ALL is dependent on the adoption and interpretation of accounting standards. In June 2016, the
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The Financial Accounting Standards Board (the FASB)(FASB) has issued a new accounting standard that will be effective for the Corporation for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2023. This standard, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13,Codification (ASC) Topic 326,Financial Instruments - Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic” (ASC 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.”   Under this ASU, will require the current incurred lossCompany to record an allowance for credit impairment methodology will be replaced with the CECL model, a methodologylosses that reflectsrepresents expected credit losses and requires considerationover the lifetime of all loans in its portfolio. This represents a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. Accordingly,change from the implementation of the CECL model will change the Company’s current method of providing ALLfor an allowance for loan losses that have been incurred. The Company has not yet determined the impact that ASC 326 will have on the consolidated financial statements and regulatory capital. While the adoption of ASC 326 will not affect ultimate loan performance or cash flows of the Company from making loans, the period in which expected credit losses affect net income of the Company may result in material changes innot be similar to the Company’srecognition of loan losses under current accounting guidance. If recognition of the allowance for credit losses on financial instruments. The CECL model may create more volatilityresults in a reduction of the Company’s levelregulatory capital of ALL. If the Company is required to materially increase its level of ALL for any reason, such increase could adversely affect its business, financial condition, and results of operations. At the FASB’s October 16, 2019 meeting, the FASB Board affirmed its decision to amend the effective date of this ASU for many companies.   Public business entities that are SEC filers, excluding those meeting the smaller reporting company definition, will retainBank, the initial required implementation date of fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019.  All other entitiesreduction in regulatory capital will be required to apply thephased in over three years under regulatory guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2022. See Note 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for information regarding the Company’s implementation of CECL.


Risk Factors Related to our Industry
The Company is subject to interest rate risk and variations in interest rates may negatively affect its financial performance. The Company’sCompany's profitability depends in substantial part on its net interest margin, which is the difference between the rates received on loans and investments and the rates paid for deposits and other sources of funds. The net interest margin depends on many factors that are partly or completely outside of the Company’sCompany's control, including competition; federal economic, monetary and fiscal policies; market interest rates; and economic conditions. Because of the differences in the maturities and repricing characteristics of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, changes in interest rates do not produce equivalent changes in interest income earned on interest-earning assets and interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities. If the Federal Reserve raises interest rates, the Company may  not be able to reflect increasing market interest rates in rates charged on loans due to competitive pressures. Accordingly, fluctuations in interest rates could adversely affect the Company’sCompany's net interest margin and, in turn, its profitability.


The Company generally seeks to maintain a neutral position in terms of the volume of assets and liabilities that mature or re-price during any period so that it may reasonably maintain its net interest margin; however, interest rate fluctuations, loan prepayments, loan production, deposit flows, and competitive pressures are constantly changing and influence the ability to maintain a neutral position. Generally, the Company’sCompany's earnings will be more sensitive to fluctuations in interest rates depending upon the variance in volume of assets and liabilities that mature and re-price in any period. The extent and duration of the sensitivity will depend on the cumulative variance over time, the velocity and direction of changes in interest rates, shape and slope of the yield curve, and whether the Company is more asset sensitive or liability sensitive. Accordingly, the Company may not be successful in maintaining a neutral position and, as a result, the Company’sCompany's net interest margin may be affected. For additional details, See “Management’s"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Interest Sensitivity”Sensitivity" in Item 7 of this report on Form 10-K.

In addition, any substantial and prolonged increase in market interest rates could reduce the Company’s customers’Company's customers' desire to borrow money or adversely affect their ability to repay their outstanding loans by increasing their credit costs. Interest rate changes could also affect the fair value of the Company’sCompany's financial assets and liabilities. Accordingly, changes in levels of market interest rates could materially and adversely affect the Company’sCompany's net interest margin, asset quality, loan origination volume, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.


We rely substantially on deposits obtained from customers in our target markets to provide liquidity and support growth.
The Bank’s business strategies are based on access to funding from local customer deposits. Deposit levels may be affected by a number of factors, including interest rates paid by competitors, general interest rate levels, returns available to customers on alternative investments and general economic conditions that affect savings levels and the amount of liquidity in the economy, including government stimulus efforts in response to economic crises. If deposit levels fall, reliance on a relatively low-cost source of funding could be reduced and interest expense would likely increase as alternative funding is obtained to replace lost deposits. If local customer deposits are not sufficient to fund normal operations and growth, the Company will look to outside sources, such as borrowings from the FHLB, which is a secured funding source. Ability to access borrowings from the FHLB will be dependent upon whether and the extent to which collateral is held or can be provided to secure FHLB borrowings. Other sources may be federal funds purchased and brokered deposits, although the use of brokered deposits may be limited or discouraged by our banking regulators. The Company may also seek to raise funds through the issuance of shares of common stock, or other equity or equity-related securities, or debt securities including subordinated notes as additional sources of liquidity. If the Company is unable to access funding sufficient to support business operations and growth strategies or are unable to access such funding on attractive terms, we may not be able to implement our business strategies which may negatively affect financial performance.

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to extensive regulation which could adversely affect them. The Company is subject to extensive regulation by federal, state and local governmental authorities and is subject to various laws and judicial and administrative decisions imposing requirements and restrictions on part or all of operations, including those referenced above. Regulations adopted by these agencies, which are generally intended to protect depositors and customers rather than to benefit stockholders, govern a comprehensive range of matters including, without limitation, ownership and control of the Company’sCompany's shares, acquisition of other companies and businesses, permissible activities that the Company and its subsidiaries may engage in, maintenance of adequate capital levels and other aspects of operations. These regulations could limit the Company’sCompany's growth by restricting certain of its activities. The laws, rules and regulations applicable to the Company are subject to regular modification and change. Regulatory changes could subject the Company to more demanding regulatory compliance requirements which could affect the Company in unpredictable and adverse ways. Such changes could subject the Company to additional costs, limit the types of financial services and products it may offer and/or increase the ability of non-banks to offer competing financial services and products, among other things. Failure to comply with laws, regulations or policies could result in sanctions by regulatory agencies, civil money penalties and/or damage to the Company’sCompany's reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’sCompany's business, financial condition and results of operations. Legislation and regulatory initiatives containing wide-ranging proposals for altering the structure, regulation and competitive relationship of financial institutions are introduced regularly. The Company cannot predict in what form or whether a proposed statute or regulation will be adopted or the extent to which such adoption may affect its business.


Market risk affects the earnings of Trust. The fee structure of Trust is generally based upon the market value of accounts under administration. Most of these accounts are invested in equities of publicly traded companies and debt obligations of both government agencies and publicly traded companies. As such, fluctuations in the equity and debt markets in general have had a direct impact upon the earnings of Trust.


Compliance with the CFPB regulations aimed at the mortgage banking industry may require substantial changes to mortgage lending systems and processes that may adversely affect income from the Company’sCompany's residential mortgage activities. The CFPB has finalized a number of significant rules that impact nearly every aspect of the lifecycle of a residential real estate loan. Among other things, the rules adopted by the CFPB require mortgage lenders either to make a reasonable and good faith determination, based on verified and documented information, that a consumer applying for a mortgage loan has a reasonable ability to repay the loan according to its terms, or to originate “qualified"qualified mortgages." In June 2015, the CFPB issued rules that combined disclosures previously established by the Truth in Lending Act and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act into a single disclosure referred to as the TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure, or TRID. TRID applies to most closed-end mortgage loans and overhauls the manner in which mortgage loan origination disclosures are made.


The Company does originate first mortgage loans. TRID also applies to second mortgages originated by the Company (but not to equity lines of credit). In recent years, the Company has made significant changes to its residential real estate business, including investments in technology and employee training. These CFPB rules, in addition to other previously-issued and to-be-issued CFPB regulations, could materially affect the Company’sCompany's ability to originate and sell residential real estate loans or limit the terms on which the Company may offer products, which could adversely affect the Company’sCompany's financial condition and results of operations.


The Basel III Capital Rules require higher levels of capital and liquidity, which could adversely affect the Company’sCompany's net income and return on equity. The capital adequacy and liquidity guidelines under the Basel III Capital Rules began to be phased in beginning in 2015. The Basel III Capital Rules, fully phased in as of January 1, 2019, require bank holding companies and banks to maintain substantially more capital as a result of higher minimum capital levels and more demanding regulatory capital risk-weightings and calculations. . The Basel III Capital Rules apply to the Bank but, because the Company expects to qualify under the Federal Reserve’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement, the Company is not subject to the Basel III Capital Rules. The changes to the standardized calculations of risk-weighted assets are complex and may create additional compliance burdens for the Company and the Bank. The Basel III Capital Rules require the Company and the Bank to substantially change the manner in which they collect and report information to calculate risk-weighted assets and may increase dramatically risk-weighted assets as a result of applying higher risk weightings to many types of loans and securities. As a result, the Bank may be forced to limit originations of certain types of commercial and mortgage loans, thereby reducing the amount of credit available to borrowers and limiting opportunities to earn interest income from the loan portfolio, which may have a detrimental impact on the Company’sCompany's net income.

If the Company were to require additional capital, including to fund additional capital contributions to the Bank, as a result of the Basel III Capital Rules, it could be required to access the capital markets on short notice and in relatively weak economic conditions, which could result in raising capital that significantly dilutes existing stockholders. Additionally, the Company may be forced to limit banking operations and activities, and growth of loan portfolios and interest income, to focus on retention of earnings to improve capital levels. Higher capital levels may also lower the Company’sCompany's return on equity.


The Company may be adversely affected by changes in government monetary policy. As a bank holding company, the Company’sCompany's business is affected by the monetary policies established by the FRB, which regulates the national money supply in order to mitigate recessionary and inflationary pressures. In setting its policy, the FRB may utilize techniques such as the following:

Engaging (i) engaging in open market transactions in U.S. Government securities;
Setting (ii) setting the discount rate on member bank borrowings; and
Determining (iii) determining reserve requirements.

These techniques determine, to a significant extent, the Company’sCompany's cost of funds for lending and investing. These techniques, all of which are outside the Company’sCompany's control, may have an adverse effect on deposit levels, net interest margin, loan demand or the Company’sCompany's business and operations.


Deposit insurance premiums could increase in the future, which may adversely affect future financial performance. The FDIC insures deposits at FDIC insured financial institutions, including the Bank. The FDIC charges insured financial institutions premiums to maintain the DIF at a certain level. Economic conditions from 2008 to 2011 increased the rate of bank failures and expectations for further bank failures, requiring the FDIC to make payments for insured deposits from the DIF. Although the DIF has since been replenished, a similar economic downturn in the future could require measures similar to those implemented during the last financial crisis, such as special assessments or required prepayments of insurance premiums. If the FDIC takes action to replenish the DIF, or if the Bank’sBank's asset size increases, the Bank’sBank's FDIC insurance premiums could increase, which could have an adverse effect on the Company’sCompany's results of operations.


Risk Factors Related to our Operations and Technology
System failures, interruptions, breaches of security, or the failure of a third-party provider to perform its obligations could adversely impact the Company’sCompany's business operations and financial condition. Communications and information systems are essential to the conduct of the Company’sCompany's businesses, as such systems are used to manage customer relationships, general ledger, deposits and loans. While the Company has established policies and procedures to prevent or limit the impact of systems failures, interruptions and security breaches, the Company’sCompany's information, security, and other systems may stop operating properly or become disabled or damaged as a result of a number of factors, including events beyond the Company’sCompany's control, such as sudden increases in customer transaction volume, electrical or telecommunications outages, natural disasters, and cyber-attacks. Information security risks have increased in recent years and hackers, activists and other external parties have become more technically sophisticated and well-resourced. These parties use a variety of methods to attempt to breach security systems and access the data of financial services institutions and their customers.  The Company may not have the resources or technical sophistication to anticipate or prevent rapidly evolving types of cyber-attacks. In addition, any compromise of the security systems could deter customers from using the Bank’sBank's website and online banking service, both of which involve the transmission of confidential information. The security and authentication precautions imposed by the Company and the Bank may not protect the systems from compromises or breaches of security, which would adversely affect the Company’sCompany's results of operations and financial condition.


In addition, the Company outsources certain data processing to certain third-party providers. Accordingly, the Company’sCompany's operations are exposed to risk that these third-party providers will not perform in accordance with the contracted arrangements under service agreements. If the third-party providers encounter difficulties, or if the Company has difficulty in communicating with them, the Company’sCompany's ability to adequately process and account for customer transactions could be affected, and the Company’sCompany's business operations could be adversely impacted. Further, a breach of a third-party provider’sprovider's technology may cause loss to the Company’sCompany's customers. Replacing these third-party providers could also create significant delay and expense. Threats to information security also exist in the processing of customer information through various other vendors and their personnel.


The occurrence of any systems failure, interruption or breach of security, or the failure of a third-party provider to perform its obligations, could expose the Company to risks of data loss or data misuse, could result in violations of applicable privacy and other laws, could damage the Company’sCompany's reputation and result in a loss of customers and business, could subject it to additional regulatory scrutiny or could expose it to civil litigation, possible financial liability and costly response measures. Any of these occurrences could have a material adverse effect on the Company’sCompany's financial condition and results of operations.


The Company and its subsidiaries, including the Bank, and its and their employees and customers have recently been and may in the future be the target of criminal cyberattacks; and we could be exposed to liability and remedial costs, and our reputation and business could suffer. Like many major financial institutions, we are, from time to time, a target of criminal cyber-attacks, phishing schemes and similar fraudulent activity and cyber incidents, and we expect these threats to continue.  As the numerous and evolving cybersecurity threats, including advanced and persistent cyber-attacks and schemes, utilized by cybercriminals in attempts to obtain unauthorized access to our systems or our customers’ accounts have become increasingly more complex and sophisticated and may be difficult to detect for periods of time, we may – like many other major financial institutions –  not anticipate, safeguard against, or respond to, these acts adequately.  As these threats continue to evolve and increase, we – like many other major financial institutions – may be required to devote significant additional resources in order to modify and enhance our security controls and to identify and remediate any security vulnerabilities.

Though it is difficult to determine what, if any, harm may directly result from any specific cyber incident or cyber-attack, any failure to maintain the security of, or any actual or perceived loss or unauthorized disclosure or use of, customer or account information likely may lead to our customers losing trust and confidence in us.  Damage to our reputation could adversely affect deposits and loans and otherwise negatively affect the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.  In addition, it is possible that a cyber incident and any material fraudulent activity, cyber-attacks, breaches of our information security or successful penetration or circumvention of our system security may cause us significant negative consequences, including loss of Bank customers and financial assets and business opportunities, disruption to our operations and business, or misappropriation of our and/or our customers’ confidential information, and may expose us to additional regulatory scrutiny or may result in a violation of applicable privacy laws and other laws, litigation exposure, regulatory fines, penalties or intervention, loss of confidence in our security measures, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensatory costs, devotion of substantial management time, increased costs to maintain insurance coverage (including increased deposit insurance premiums), or additional compliance costs, all of which could adversely impact our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.


Failure to comply with the USA Patriot Act, OFAC, the Bank Secrecy Act and related FinCEN guidelines and related regulations could have a material impact on the Company. Bank regulatory agencies routinely examine financial institutions for compliance with the USA Patriot Act, OFAC, the Bank Secrecy Act and related FinCEN guidelines and related regulations. Failure to maintain and implement adequate programs as required by these obligations to combat terrorist financing, elder abuse, human trafficking, anti-money laundering and other suspicious activity and to fully comply with all of the relevant laws or regulations, could have serious legal, financial and reputational consequences for the Company. Such a failure could cause a bank regulatory agency not to approve a merger or acquisition transaction or to prohibit such a transaction even if formal approval is not required. In addition, such a failure could result in a regulatory authority imposing a formal enforcement action or civil money penalty for regulatory violations.

The Company’sCompany's accounting estimates and risk management processes rely on analytical and forecasting models.Processes that management uses to measure the fair value of financial instruments, as well as the processes used to estimate the effects of changing interest rates and other market measures on the Company’sCompany's earnings performance and liquidity, depend upon the use of analytical and forecasting models. These models reflect assumptions that may not be accurate, particularly in times of market stress or other unforeseen circumstances. Even if these assumptions are accurate, the models may prove to be inadequate or inaccurate because of other flaws in their design or their implementation.


If the models that management uses for interest rate risk and asset-liability management are inadequate, the Company may incur increased or unexpected losses upon changes in market interest rates or other market measures and may be unable to maintain sufficient liquidity. If the models that management uses to measure the fair value of financial instruments are inadequate, the fair value of such financial instruments may fluctuate unexpectedly or may not accurately reflect what the Company could realize upon sale or settlement of such financial instruments. Any such failure in management’smanagement's analytical or forecasting models could have a material adverse effect on the Company’sCompany's business, financial condition and results of operations.


The Company is dependent on key personnel and the loss of one or more of those key personnel could harm its business. The banking business in Virginia, and in the Company’sCompany's primary service area in the Hampton Roads MSA, is highly competitive and dominated by a relatively small number of large banks. Competition for qualified employees and personnel in the banking industry is intense and there are a limited number of qualified persons with knowledge of and experience in the Virginia community banking industry. The Company’sCompany's success depends to a significant degree upon its ability to attract and retain qualified management, loan origination, administrative, marketing and technical personnel and upon the continued contributions of and customer relationships developed by management and personnel. In particular, the Company’sCompany's success is highly dependent upon the capabilities of its senior executive management. The Company believes that its management team, comprised of individuals who have worked in the banking industry for many years, is integral to implementing the Company’sCompany's business plan. The Company has not entered into employment agreements with any of its executive management employees, and the loss of the services of one or more of them could harm the Company’sCompany's business.


The Company’sCompany's future success depends on its ability to compete effectively in the highly competitive financial services industry. The Company faces substantial competition in all phases of its operations from a variety of different competitors. Growth and success dependsdepend on the Company’sCompany's ability to compete effectively in this highly competitive financial services environment. Many competitors offer products and services that are not offered by the Company, and many have substantially greater resources, name recognition and market presence that benefit them in attracting business. In addition, larger competitors may be able to price loans and deposits more aggressively and may have larger lending limits that would allow them to serve the credit needs of larger customers. In addition, financial technology start-ups are emerging in key areas of banking.  Some of the financial services organizations with which the Company competes are not subject to the same degree of regulation as is imposed on bank holding companies and federally insured national banks, and may have broader geographic services areas and lower cost structures.  As a result, these non-bank competitors have certain advantages over the Company in accessing funding and in providing various services. The financial services industry could become even more competitive as a result of legislative, regulatory and technological changes and continued consolidation. Failure to compete effectively to attract new and retain current customers in the Company’sCompany's markets could cause it to lose market share, slow its growth rate and may have an adverse effect on its financial condition and results of operations.


The Company may not be able to compete effectively without the appropriate use of current technology. The use of technology in the financial services market, including the banking industry, evolves frequently. The Company may be unable to attract and maintain banking relationships with certain customers if it does not offer appropriate technology-driven products and services. In addition to better serving customers, the effective use of technology may increase efficiency and reduce costs. The Company may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products or services or be successful in marketing these products and services to its customers. As a result, the Company’sCompany's ability to compete effectively may be impaired, which could lead to a material adverse effect on the Company’sCompany's financial condition and results of operations.


Risks Related to Our Common Stock
The Company’s common stock price may be volatile, which could result in losses to investors. The common stock price has been volatile in the past, and several factors could cause the price to fluctuate in the future. These factors include, but are not limited to, actual or anticipated variations in earnings, changes in analysts’ recommendations or projections with regard to the Company’s common stock or the markets and businesses in which the Company operates, operations and stock performance of other companies deemed to be peers, and reports of trends and concerns and other issues related to the financial services industry. Fluctuations in our common stock price may be unrelated to the Company’s performance. General market declines or market volatility in the future, especially in the financial institutions sector, could adversely affect the price of our common stock, and the current market price may not be indicative of future market prices.

The Company's substantial dependence on dividends from its subsidiaries may prevent it from paying dividends to its stockholders and adversely affect its business, results of operations or financial condition. The Company is a separate legal entity from its subsidiaries and does not have significant operations or revenues of its own. The Company substantially depends on dividends from its subsidiaries to pay dividends to stockholders and to pay its operating expenses. The availability of dividends from the subsidiaries is limited by various statutes and regulations. It is possible, depending upon the financial condition of the Company and other factors, that the Comptroller could assert that payment of dividends by the subsidiaries is an unsafe or unsound practice. In the event the subsidiaries are unable to pay dividends to the Company, the Company may not be able to pay dividends on the Company’sCompany's common stock, service debt or pay operating expenses. Consequently, the inability to receive dividends from the subsidiaries could adversely affect the Company’sCompany's financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and limit stockholders’stockholders' return, if any, to capital appreciation.


The Company’s directors and executive officers own a significant portion of the Company’s common stock and can exert significant influence over its business and corporate affairs. The Company’s directors and executive officers, as a group, beneficially owned 17.37% of the Company’s common stock as of June 30, 2020. Consequently, if they vote their shares in concert, they can significantly influence the outcome of matters submitted to the Company’s stockholders for approval, including the election of directors. The interests of the Company’s directors and executive officers may conflict with the interests of other holders of the Company’s common stock, and the Company’s directors and executive officers may take actions affecting the Company with which other holders of the Company’s common stock disagree.

Future sales of the Company’sCompany's common stock by stockholders or the perception that those sales could occur may cause the common stock price to decline. Although the Company’sCompany's common stock is listed for trading on the NASDAQ stock market, the trading volume in the common stock may be lower than that of other larger financial institutions. A public trading market having the desired characteristics of depth, liquidity and orderliness depends on the presence in the marketplace of willing buyers and sellers of the common stock at any given time. This presence depends on the individual decisions of investors and general economic and market conditions over which the Company has no control. Given the potential for lower relative trading volume in the common stock, significant sales of the common stock in the public market, or the perception that those sales may occur, could cause the trading price of the Company’sCompany's common stock to decline or to be lower than it otherwise might be in the absence of these sales or perceptions.


Future issuances of the Company’sCompany's common stock could adversely affect the market price of the common stock and could be dilutive. The Company may issue additional shares of common stock or securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, shares of the Company’sCompany's common stock. Issuances of a substantial number of shares of common stock, or the expectation that such issuances might occur, could materially adversely affect the market price of the common stock and could be dilutive to stockholders. Any decision the Company makes to issue common stock in the future will depend on market conditions and other factors, and the Company cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing, or nature of possible future issuances of common stock. Accordingly, holders of the Company’sCompany's common stock bear the risk that future issuances of securities will reduce the market price of the common stock and dilute their stock holdings in the Company.


Risk Factors Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic
The Company’s results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the widespread government response and the impact on consumers and businesses have caused significant disruption in the United States and international economies and financial markets and may have had or may have a significant impact on consumers and businesses in our market area and the operations and financial performance of the Company. Governments, businesses and the public initially responded to the pandemic in ways that resulted in a significant disruption of economic activity, and the businesses of many of our customers have been adversely impacted, which could result in adverse impacts on our results of operations.

Although the scope, duration and full effects of the pandemic are evolving and cannot be fully known at this time, consequences of the pandemic have included and may include further market volatility, lower interest rates, disrupted trade and supply chains, increased unemployment, rising prices, inflation and reduced economic activity. The period of recovery from the negative economic effects of the pandemic cannot be predicted and may be protracted. The effects of the pandemic on our borrowers has been mitigated by loan payment deferral programs and government stimulus or relief efforts, such as the PPP. However, as these programs have largely ended, signs of credit deterioration that were masked or obscured may emerge, and the Company can give no assurance that loan performance or net charge-offs will continue at the historically low levels experienced in 2021 and 2020.

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, the acceptance and continued effectiveness of vaccines and treatments for COVID-19, the effects of the pandemic on our customers and vendors, the short- and long-term health impacts of the pandemic, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. If the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic worsens, additional actions may be taken by federal, state, and local governments, or public behavior may change in response to evolving circumstances, to mitigate its effects. There can be no assurance that any efforts by the Company to address the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic will be effective. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience adverse impacts to our business as a result of changes in the behavior of customers, businesses and their employees. Furthermore, the financial condition of our customers and vendors may be adversely impacted, which may result in an elevated level of loan losses, a decrease in demand for our products and services, or reduced availability of services provided by third parties on which we rely. Any of these events may, in turn, have a material adverse impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

General Risk Factors
The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to operational risk, which could adversely affect business, financial condition and results of operation. The Company and its subsidiaries, like all businesses, are subject to operational risk, including the risk of loss resulting from human error, fraud or unauthorized transactions due to inadequate or failed internal processes and systems, and external events that are wholly or partially beyond the Company’sCompany's control (including, for example, sudden increases in customer transaction volume, electrical or telecommunications outages, natural disasters, and cyber-attacks). Operational risk also encompasses compliance (legal) risk, which is the risk of loss from violations of, or noncompliance with, laws, rules, regulations, prescribed practices or ethical standards. The Company and its subsidiaries have established a system of internal controls to address these risks, but there are inherent limitations to such risk management strategies as there may exist, or develop in the future, risks that are not anticipated, identified or monitored. Any losses resulting from operational risk could take the form of explicit charges, increased operational costs, litigation costs, harm to reputation or forgone opportunities, loss of customer business, or the unauthorized release, misuse, loss or destruction of proprietary information, any and all of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’sCompany's business, financial condition and results of operations.


Negative public opinion could damage the Company’sCompany's reputation and adversely impact the Company’sCompany's business, financial condition and results of operation. Reputation risk, or the risk to the Company’sCompany's business, financial condition and results of operation from negative public opinion, is inherent in the financial services industry. Negative public opinion can result from actual or alleged conduct in any number of activities, including lending or foreclosure practices, regulatory compliance, corporate governance and sharing or inadequately protecting customer information, and from actions taken by government regulators and community organizations in response to those activities. Negative public opinion could adversely affect the Company’sCompany's ability to keep and attract customers and employees, could expose it to litigation and regulatory action, and could adversely affect its access to the capital markets. Damage to the Company’sCompany's reputation could adversely affect deposits and loans and otherwise negatively affect the Company’sCompany's business, financial condition and results of operation.


The Company may need to raise additional capital in the future and such capital may not be available when needed or at all. The Company may need to raise additional capital in the future to provide it with sufficient capital resources and liquidity to meet its commitments and business needs, particularly if its asset quality or earnings were to deteriorate significantly. Economic conditions and the loss of confidence in financial institutions may increase the Company’sCompany's cost of funding and limit access to certain customary sources of capital, including inter-bank borrowings, repurchase agreements and borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank’sBank's discount window. The Company’sCompany's ability to raise additional capital, if needed, will depend on, among other things, conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside of the Company’sCompany's control, and the Company’sCompany's financial performance.


The Company cannot assure that such capital will be available on acceptable terms or at all. Any occurrence that may limit the Company’sCompany's access to the capital markets, such as a decline in the confidence of debt purchasers, depositors of the Bank or counterparties participating in the capital markets, or a downgrade of the parent company or the Bank’sBank's ratings, may adversely affect the Company’sCompany's capital costs and its ability to raise capital and, in turn, its liquidity. Moreover, if the Company needs to raise capital in the future, it may have to do so when many other financial institutions are also seeking to raise capital and would have to compete with those institutions for investors. An inability to raise additional capital on acceptable terms when needed could have a material adverse effect on the Company’sCompany's liquidity, business, financial condition and results of operations.


Natural disasters, severe weather events, acts of war or terrorism, pandemics or endemics, climate change and other external events could significantly impact our business. Natural disasters, including severe weather events of increasing strength and frequency due to climate change, acts of war (including the ongoing conflict in Ukraine) or terrorism, pandemics (including the COVID-19 pandemic) or endemics and other adverse external events could have a significant adverse impact on the business operations of the Company, third parties who perform operational services for the Company or its customers and the Company’s borrowers and customers. Such events could affect the stability of the Company’s deposit base, impair the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans, impair the value of collateral securing loans, cause significant property damage, result in lost revenue or cause the Company to incur additional expenses. Although management has established disaster recovery policies and procedures, the occurrence of any such event could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.


Climate change or societal responses to climate change could adversely affect the Company’s business and performance, including indirectly through impacts on its customers and vendors.Climate change can increase the likelihood of the occurrence and severity of natural disasters and can also result in longer-term shifts in climate patterns such as extreme heat, sea level rise and more frequent and prolonged drought. The effects of climate change may have a significant effect on the Company’s geographic markets, and could disrupt the operations of the Company, its customers, third parties on which it relies, or supply chains more generally. Those disruptions could result in declines in economic conditions in geographic markets or industries in which the Company’s borrowers operate and impact their ability to repay loans or maintain deposits. Climate change could also impact the Company’s assets or employees directly or lead to changes in customer preferences that could negatively affect the Company’s growth or the Company’s business strategies. In addition, the Company’s reputation and customer relationships could be damaged due to its practices related to climate change, including its or its customers’ involvement in certain industries or projects associated with causing or exacerbating climate change.

Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments


None.


Item 2.Properties


As of December 31, 2020,2021, the Company owned and leased buildings in the normal course of business. It owns its main office, which represents its corporate headquarters and includes a branch at 101 East Queen Street, Hampton, Virginia. As of March 15, 2021,25, 2022, the Bank operated sixteenfourteen branches in the Hampton Roads area of Virginia.


For more information concerning the amounts recorded for premises and equipment and commitments under current leasing agreements, see Note 6, Premises and Equipment and Note 7, Leases of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report on Form 10-K.


Item 3.Legal Proceedings


Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a party to any material pending legal proceedings before any court, administrative agency, or other tribunal.


Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures


None.


INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS


Name (Age) And Present PositionServed in Current Positionas an Executive Officer SincePrincipal Occupation During Past Five Years
Robert F. Shuford, Jr. (56)(57)
  
Chairman, President & Chief Executive Officer

Old Point Financial Corporation
20152003
Chairman of the Board, President & Chief Executive Officer of the Company and the Bank since 2020.  Executive Vice President/Bank of the Company since 2015; Chief Operating Officer & Senior Vice President/Operations of the Company from 2003 to 2015


President & Chief Executive Officer of the Bank since 2015; Senior Executive Vice President & Chief Operating Officer of the Bank from 2012 to 2015; Executive Vice President & Chief Operating Officer of the Bank from 2003 to 2012; Chairman of the Board of the Bank
   
Elizabeth T. Beale (48)(49)
  
Chief Financial Officer & Senior Vice President/Finance

Old Point Financial Corporation
2019
Chief Financial Officer & Senior Vice President/Finance of the Company; a Certified Public Accountant; Senior Vice President & Chief Accounting Officer of the Bank from 2018 to 2019; Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer for Citizens National Bank (formerly CNB Bancorp, Inc.) from 2003 to 2018; corporate accountant for James River Bankshares from 1995 to 2000.
2000

Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President of the Bank
   
Donald S. Buckless (56)(57)
  
Chief Lending Officer & Senior Vice President

Old Point Financial Corporation
2016
Chief Lending Officer & Senior Vice President of the Company since 2016


Chief Lending Officer & Executive Vice President of the Bank since 2016; Chief Lending Officer & Senior Vice  President of the Bank from 2015 to 2016; Senior Vice  President/Commercial Lending Officer of the Bank from  May 2012 to 2015; Senior Vice President of SunTrust from December 2000 to May 2012
   
Thomas L. Hotchkiss (65)(66)
  
Chief Credit Officer & Executive Vice President

Old Point National Bank
2019
Chief Credit Officer & Executive Vice President of the Bank since 2019; Chief Credit Officer of finanical institution in Maryland  from February 2015 to February 2019; Managing director of Hotchkiss & Associates Analytics, LLC from June 2011 to January 2015
   
Eugene M. Jordan, II (66)(67)
  
Secretary to the Board & Executive Vice President/Trust
Corporate Counsel
Old Point Financial Corporation
2003
General Counsel & Corporate Secretary since September 2021. Secretary to the Board & Executive Vice President/Trust of the Company since 2015;2015 to 2021; Executive Vice President/ Trust of the Company from 2003 to 2015


President and Chief Executive Officer of Trust since 2003;from  2003 to September 2021; Chairman of the Trust Board
   
A. Eric Kauders, Jr. (52)
Senior Vice President/Trust
Old Point Financial Corporation
2021
Senior Vice President/Trust of the Company since September 2021

President and Chief Executive Officer of Trust since September 2021; Managing Director at Bank of America Private Bank from 2008 to 2021
Susan R. Ralston (57)(58)
  
Chief Operating Officer & Executive Vice President

Old Point National Bank
2019
Chief Operating Officer & Executive Vice President of the Bank since 2019; President & Founder of Ralston Coaching and Consulting, LLC from 2018 to 2019; Chief Operating Officer & Senior Vice  President of Dollar Bank from 2016 to 2018; President & Chief Executive Officer of Bank @lantec from 2004 to 2016
   
Joseph R. Witt (60)(61)
  
Executive Vice President/Financial Service

Old Point Financial Corporation
2008
Executive Vice President/Financial Services beginning insince 2020. Chief Business Development Officer & Senior Vice President of the Company since 2015; Chief Administrative Officer & Senior Vice President/Administration of the Company from 2012 to 2015; Senior Vice President/ Corporate Banking/Human Resources of the Company from 2010 to 2012; Senior Vice President/Corporate Banking of  the Company from 2008 to 2010


Chief Strategy Officer & President, Financial Services of the Bank beginning in 2020. Senior Executive Vice President & Chief Business Development Officer of the Bank from 2015 to 2019; Senior Executive Vice President & Chief Administrative Officer of the Bank from 2012 to 2015; Executive Vice President/ Corporate Banking & Human Resources Director of the Bank from 2010 to 2012


Part II


Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities


The common stock of the Company is quoted on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “OPOF”"OPOF". The approximate number of stockholders of record as of March 16, 202115, 2022 was 1,611.1,568. On that date, the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market was $22.03.$25.05. Additional information related to restrictions on funds available for dividend declaration can be found in Note 1817, Regulatory Matters of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report on Form 10-K.


On January 12, 2010,Effective October 19, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program. The Company is authorized apursuant to this program to repurchase during any given calendar year up to an aggregate10% of 5 percentthe Company’s issued and outstanding common stock through November 30, 2022. Repurchases under the program may be made through privately negotiated transactions or open market transactions, including pursuant to a trading plan in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 and/or Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and shares repurchased will be returned to the status of authorized and unissued shares of common stock. The timing, number and purchase price of shares repurchased under the program, if any, will be determined by management in its discretion and will depend on a number of factors, including the market price of the shares as a percentage of tangible book value, general market and economic conditions, applicable legal requirements and other conditions, and there is no assurance that the Company will purchase any shares under the program. The Company repurchased 6,600 shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding asat an aggregate cost of January 1$150,000 under this plan during 2021. During the first quarter of that calendar year. 2022, approximately 111,000 shares were repurchased by the Company under this plan.

The Company did not repurchase any sharesfollowing information provides details of the Company’s common stock under this plan during 2020. There is currently no stated expiration daterepurchases for this program.the three months ended December 31, 2021:


Period 
Total number of shares
repurchased
  
Average price paid per
share ($)
  
Total number of shares
purchased as part of
publicly announced plans
or programs
  
Maximum number (or
approximaate dollar
value) of shares that may
yet be purchased under
the plans or programs ($)
 
October 1, 2021 - October 31, 2021
  
-
  
$
-
   
-
   
-
 
November 1, 2021 - November 30, 2021
  
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
December 1, 2021 - December 31, 2021
  
6,600
   
22.76
   
6,600
  
$
14,002,000
 
Total
  
6,600
  
$
22.76
   
6,600
     

Pursuant to the Company’s equity compensation plans, participants may exercise stock options by surrendering shares of the Company’s common stock that the participants already own. Additionally, participants may also surrender shares upon the vesting of restricted stock awards to pay certain taxes. Shares surrendered by participants of these plans are repurchased at current market value pursuant to the terms of the applicable awards. No such repurchases occurred during 2020.2021.


Item 6.Selected Financial DataReserved

The following table summarizes the Company’s performance for the past five years.

SELECTED FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHT


 Years ended December 31, 
(dollars in thousands except per share data) 2020  2019  2018  2017  2016 
                
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS               
Interest income 
$
40,009
  
$
40,241
  
$
38,219
  
$
32,934
  
$
29,826
 
Interest expense  
5,292
   
6,422
   
4,969
   
3,012
   
2,574
 
Net interest income  
34,717
   
33,819
   
33,250
   
29,922
   
27,252
 
Provision for loan losses  
1,000
   
318
   
2,861
   
4,160
   
1,930
 
Net interest income after provision for loan losses  
33,717
   
33,501
   
30,389
   
25,762
   
25,322
 
Noninterest income  
14,698
   
14,077
   
13,309
   
13,307
   
12,746
 
Noninterest expenses  
42,505
   
38,638
   
38,500
   
39,195
   
34,111
 
Income before income taxes  
5,910
   
8,940
   
5,198
   
(126
)
  
3,957
 
Income tax expense  
521
   
1,080
   
279
   
(97
)
  
160
 
Net income (loss) 
$
5,389
  
$
7,860
  
$
4,919
  
$
(29
)
 
$
3,797
 
                     
FINANCIAL CONDITION                    
Total assets 
$
1,226,191
  
$
1,054,488
  
$
1,038,183
  
$
981,826
  
$
902,966
 
Securities available for sale, at fair value  
186,409
   
145,715
   
148,247
   
157,121
   
199,365
 
Loans held for investment  
836,300
   
747,865
   
774,009
   
738,540
   
603,882
 
Allowance for loan losses  
9,541
   
9,660
   
10,111
   
9,448
   
8,245
 
Deposits  
1,067,236
   
889,496
   
843,144
   
783,594
   
784,502
 
Total borrowings  
36,519
   
50,402
   
88,325
   
98,193
   
18,704
 
Total liabilities  
1,109,046
   
944,732
   
936,177
   
885,438
   
808,976
 
Stockholders’ equity  
117,145
   
109,756
   
102,006
   
96,388
   
93,990
 
                     
PERTINENT RATIOS                    
Return on average assets  
0.45
%
  
0.76
%
  
0.48
%
  
0.00
%
  
0.43
%
Return on average equity  
4.68
%
  
7.33
%
  
4.93
%
  
-0.03
%
  
3.99
%
Net interest margin (FTE) (1)  
3.19
%
  
3.61
%
  
3.62
%
  
3.64
%
  
3.66
%
Efficiency ratio  
86.02
%
  
80.67
%
  
82.69
%
  
90.67
%
  
85.28
%
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets) (2)  
11.69
%
  
11.73
%
  
10.90
%
  
11.18
%
  
13.39
%
Total capital (to risk weighted assets) (2)  
12.77
%
  
12.86
%
  
12.06
%
  
12.28
%
  
14.51
%
Leverage Ratio (2)  
8.56
%
  
9.73
%
  
9.34
%
  
9.98
%
  
10.68
%
Cash dividends declared 
$
0.48
  
$
0.48
  
$
0.44
  
$
0.44
  
$
0.40
 
                     
ASSET QUALITY                    
Nonaccrual loans 
$
1,214
  
$
6,037
  
$
12,141
  
$
12,882
  
$
7,159
 
OREO  
-
   
-
   
83
   
-
   
1,067
 
ALL/total outstanding loans  
1.14
%
  
1.29
%
  
1.31
%
  
1.28
%
  
1.37
%
Nonaccrual loans/total loans  
0.15
%
  
0.81
%
  
1.57
%
  
1.74
%
  
1.19
%
ALL/nonaccrual loans  
785.91
%
  
160.01
%
  
83.28
%
  
73.34
%
  
115.17
%
NPAs/total outstanding loans  
0.23
%
  
0.95
%
  
1.90
%
  
2.18
%
  
1.84
%
Net charge-offs/total average loans  
0.13
%
  
0.10
%
  
0.29
%
  
0.44
%
  
0.24
%
Provision/total average loans  
0.12
%
  
0.04
%
  
0.37
%
  
0.62
%
  
0.33
%
                     
PER SHARE DATA                    
Basic earnings (loss) per share 
$
1.03
  
$
1.51
  
$
0.96
  
$
(0.01
)
 
$
0.77
 
Diluted earnings (loss) per share  
1.03
   
1.51
   
0.96
   
(0.01
)
  
0.77
 
Cash dividends declared  
0.48
   
0.48
   
0.44
   
0.44
   
0.40
 
Market value per share  
18.96
   
27.49
   
21.83
   
29.75
   
25.00
 
Book value per share  
22.42
   
21.11
   
19.68
   
19.20
   
18.94
 
Price to earnings ratio, diluted  
18.35
   
18.18
   
22.74
   
(2,975.00
)
  
32.47
 
Price to book value ratio  
0.85
   
1.30
   
1.11
   
1.55
   
1.32
 
Dividend payout ratio  
46.46
%
  
31.74
%
  
45.83
%
  
-4400.00
%
  
51.95
%
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic  
5,216,237
   
5,196,812
   
5,141,364
   
4,991,060
   
4,959,173
 
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted  
5,216,441
   
5,196,853
   
5,141,429
   
4,991,060
   
4,960,934
 
(1) Computed on a fully tax-equivalent basis using 21% rate for 2020, 2019 and 2018 and a 34% rate for 2017 and 2016.
(2) Bank only for 2020, 2019 and 2018.  Consolidated for 2017 and 2016.

Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion is intended to assist readers in understanding and evaluating the financial condition, changes in financial condition and the results of operations of the Company, consisting of the parent company (the Parent) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the Bank and Trust. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and other financial information contained elsewhere in this report.  In addition to current and historical information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements relate to future business, financial condition or results of operations. For a description of certain factors that may have a significant impact on the Company’s future business, financial condition or results of operations, see “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” prior to Item 1. “Business.”


Executive Overview
HeadquarteredThe Company’s primary goals are to maximize earnings by maintaining strong asset quality and deploying capital in Hampton, Virginia,profitable growth initiatives that will enhance long-term stockholder value. The Company operates in three principal business segments: the Company isBank, the parent company of Trust, and the Bank. Trust isCompany as a wealth management services provider. The Bank offers a complete lineseparate segment, the Parent. Revenues from the Bank’s operations consist primarily of consumer, mortgageinterest earned on loans and business banking services, including loan,investment securities, fees earned on deposit accounts, debit card interchange, and cash management services to individualtreasury and commercial customers.services and mortgage banking income. Trust’s operating revenues consist principally of income from fiduciary and asset management fees. The Parent’s revenues are mainly fees and dividends received from the Bank is an independent community bank and has 16 branches throughout the Hampton Roads localities of Chesapeake, Hampton, Isle of Wight County, Newport News, Norfolk, Virginia Beach, Williamsburg/James City County and York County.  The Bank also has a loan production office in Richmond and a mortgage loan origination office in Charlotte, NC.Trust.


Net income for 20202021 was $8.4 million ($1.61 per diluted share) compared to $5.4 million ($1.03 per diluted share) in 2020. Assets as of December 31, 2021 were $1.3 billion, an increase of $111.7 million or 9.1% compared to $7.9 million ($1.51 per diluted share) in 2019. Netassets as of December 31, 2020.

Key factors affecting comparisons of consolidated net income for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows: Comparisons are to prior year unless otherwise stated.

Loans held for investment (net of deferred fees and costs), excluding PPP (non-GAAP), increased 9.9%.
Average earning assets increased $104.5 million, or 9.6%.
Interest income increased $2.2 million, or 5.6%.
Interest expense decreased $1.8 million, or 34.7%, due primarily to lower rates, shifts in funding to lower cost deposits, and prepayment of FHLB advances during the fourth quarter of 2020.
Consolidated net interest margin (NIM) was affected by3.26% for 2021 compared to 3.19%.
Fiduciary and asset management fees increased $321 thousand, or 8.3%.
Mortgage banking income increased $499 thousand or 28.0%.

On July 14, 2021, the Company issued $30.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.50% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2031 in a private placement transaction.  The Notes initially bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.50% for five years and convert to the three-month SOFR plus 286 basis points, resetting quarterly, thereafter.
Non-performing assets (NPAs) decreased to $1.5 million at December 31, 2021 compared to $2.0 million at December 31, 2020.  NPAs as a percentage of total assets was 0.11% and 0.16% at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
In 2020, the Bank recognized one-time pre-tax expenses of $1.1 million associated with three strategic initiatives: prepayment of FHLB advances, during the fourth quarter of 2020, a voluntary Early Retirement Incentive Plan (ERIP) offered in the fourth quarter of 2020,, and a loss on sale of a loan pool effectively removing non- or under-performing credit relationships from the balance sheet. The impact of excluding these one-time strategic initiative expenses would be an increase of $900 thousand to net income

Capital Management and an increase of $0.18 to earnings per diluted common share.Dividends

Assets as of December 31, 2020 were $1.2 billion, an increase of $171.7 million or 16.3% compared to assets as of December 31, 2019. During 2020, the Company experienced significant balance sheet growth. Net loans held for investment increased $88.6 million, or 12.0% from December 31, 2019 to $826.8Total equity was $120.8 million at December 31, 2020 and was primarily attributable2021, compared to PPP loans. Securities available for sale, at fair value, increased $40.7 million from December 31, 2019 to $186.4$117.1 million at December 31, 2020, utilizing additional liquidity provided2020. Capital growth resulted primarily from earnings for the year ended December 31, 2021, partially offset by increased cash dividends and net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities, a component of accumulated comprehensive income.

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company declared dividends of $0.50 per share. Annual dividends per share increased 4.2% over dividends of $0.48 per share declared in 2020. The Board of Directors of the Company continually reviews the amount of cash dividends per share and the resulting dividend payout ratio. The Company’s principal goals related to the maintenance of capital are to provide adequate capital to support the Company’s risk profile consistent with the board approved risk appetite, provide financial flexibility to support future growth and client needs, comply with relevant laws, regulations, and supervisory guidance, and provide a competitive return to stockholders. Risk-based capital ratios, which include CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Total capital for the Bank are calculated based on regulatory guidance related to the measurement of capital and risk-weighted assets.

Effective October 19, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program. The Company is authorized pursuant to this program to repurchase up to 10% of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock through November 30, 2022. Repurchases under the program may be made through privately negotiated transactions or open market transactions, including pursuant to a trading plan in deposit accounts.accordance with Rule 10b5-1 and/or Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and shares repurchased will be returned to the status of authorized and unissued shares of common stock. The timing, number and purchase price of shares repurchased under the program, if any, will be determined by management in its discretion and will depend on a number of factors, including the market price of the shares as a percentage of tangible book value, general market and economic conditions, applicable legal requirements and other conditions, and there is no assurance that the Company will purchase any shares under the program. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company repurchased 6,600 shares, or $150 thousand of its common stock under the 2021 repurchase program. During the first quarter of 2022, approximately 111,000 shares were repurchased by the Company under this plan.


At December 31, 2021, the book value per share of the Company’s common stock was $23.06, and tangible book value per share (non-GAAP) was $22.69, compared to $22.42 and $22.05, respectively, at December 31, 2020. Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures,” below, for information about non-GAAP financial measures, including a reconciliation to the most directly comparable financial measures calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and conform to general practices within the banking industry. The Company’s financial position and results of operations are affected by management’s application of accounting policies, including estimates, assumptions and judgments made to arrive at the carrying value of assets and liabilities and amounts reported for revenues, expenses and related disclosures. Different assumptions in the application of these policies could result in material changes in the Company’s consolidated financial position and/or results of operations. TheThose accounting policypolicies with the greatest uncertainty and that requiredrequire management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments isaffecting the Company’s allowance for loan losses, which isapplication of these policies, and the greatest likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions, or using different assumptions, are described below.below.


Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses is established through charges to earnings in the form of a provision for loan losses. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when it is believed the collection of the principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries of losses previously charged against the allowance are credited to the allowance. The allowance represents an estimate ofamount that, in the Company’s judgment, will be adequate to absorb probable and estimable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The judgment in determining the level of the allowance is based on three basic principlesevaluations of accounting which require: (i) that losses be accrued when they are probablethe collectability of occurringloans while taking into consideration such factors as trends in delinquencies and estimable, (ii) that losses be accrued based oncharge-offs for relevant periods of time, changes in the differences betweennature and volume of the loan balancesportfolio, current economic conditions that may affect a borrower’s ability to repay and the value of collateral, present valueoverall portfolio quality and review of expected future cash flows (discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate) or valuesspecific potential losses. This evaluation is inherently subjective because it requires estimates that are observable insusceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. In evaluating the secondary market and (iii) that adequate documentation exist to supportlevel of the allowance, for loan losses estimate.

The Company’s allowance for loan losses ismanagement considers a range of possible assumptions and outcomes related to the accumulation of various componentsfactors identified above. Under alternative assumptions that are calculated based on independent methodologies. Management’s estimate is based on certain observable, historical data and other factors that management believes are most reflective of the underlying credit losses being estimated. This evaluation includes credit quality trends; collateral values; discounted cash flow analysis; loan volumes; geographic, borrower and industry concentrations; the findings of internal credit quality assessments; and results from external bank regulatory examinations. These factors, as well as identified impaired loans, historical losses and current economic and business conditions, are usedwe considered in developing estimated loss factors usedour estimate of an allowance that will be adequate to absorb probable and estimable losses inherent in the calculations.

Authoritative accounting literature requires that the impairment of loans that have been separately identified for evaluation be measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows (discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate) or, alternatively, the observable market price of the loans or the fair value of the collateral. However, for those loans that are collateral dependent (that is, if repayment of those loans is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral) and for which management has determined foreclosure is probable, the measure of impairment is to be based on the net realizable value of the collateral. Authoritative accounting literature, as amended, also requires certain disclosures about investments in impaired loans and the allowance for loan losses and interest income recognized on loans.

For loans not individually evaluated for impairment, the loan portfolio is segmented into pools, based on the loan classifications as defined by Schedule RC-Cat December 31, 2021, our estimate of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Consolidated Reports of Conditionallowance varied between $7 million and Income Form 041 (Call Report) and collectively evaluated for impairment. Consumer loans not secured by real estate and made$10 million.

For further information concerning accounting policies, refer to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures are segmented into pools based on whether the loan’s payments are current (including loans 1-29 days past due), 30 – 59 days past due, 60 – 89 days past due, or 90 days or more past due. All other loans, including loans to consumers that are secured by real estate, are segmented by the Company’s internally assigned risk grades: substandard, other assets especially mentioned (rated just above substandard), and pass (all other loans). The Company may also assign loans to the risk grades of doubtful or loss, but as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had no loans in these categories.

Specific reserves are determined on a loan-by-loan basis based on management’s evaluationNote 1, Significant Accounting Policies of the Company’s exposure for each credit, given the current payment statusNotes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of the loan and the net market value of any underlying collateral.this report on Form 10-K.

While management uses the best information available to establish the allowance for loan losses, future adjustment to the allowance may be necessary if economic conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the valuations or if required by regulators, based upon information available to them at the time of their examinations. Such adjustments to original estimates, as necessary, are made in the period in which these factors and other relevant considerations indicate that loss levels may vary from previous estimates.


Results of Operations
Net income for 2020 was $5.4 million compared to $7.9 million in 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to higher net interest income and non-interest income offset by increased provision for loan loss and non-interest expense.  As of December 31, 2020 return on average assets was 0.45% compared to 0.76% in 2019 and the return on average equity was 4.68% at December 31, 2020 compared to 7.33% in 2019.

In 2020, the Company recognized one-time pre-tax expenses of $1.1 million associated with three strategic initiatives: prepayment of FHLB advances, the ERIP, and a loss on sale of a non- or under-performing credit relationships. The impact of excluding these one-time strategic initiative expenses would be an increase of $900 thousand to net income and an increase of 8 basis points and 79 basis points to return on average assets and return on average equity, respectively.

During 2020, the Company experienced significant balance sheet growth. Assets as of December 31, 2020 were $1.2 billion, an increase of $171.7 million or 16.28% compared to assets as of December 31, 2019. Net loans held for investment increased $88.6 million, or 12.0% from December 31, 2019 to $826.8 million at December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to PPP loans. Securities available for sale, at fair value, increased $40.7 million from December 31, 2019 to $186.4 million at December 31, 2020, utilizing additional liquidity provided by growth in deposit accounts.


Net Interest Income
The principal source of earnings for the Company is net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest and fees generated by earning assets and interest expense paid to fund them. Changes in the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as their respective yields and rates, have a significant impact on the level of net interest income. The net interest marginNIM is calculated by dividing tax-equivalent net interest income by average earning assets.


Net interest income was $34.7$38.8 million in 2020,2021, an increase of $898 thousand$4.1 million from 2019.2020. The net interest marginNIM was 3.18%3.24% in 20202021 as compared to 3.58%3.18% in 2019.2020. Net interest income, on a fully tax-equivalent basis, was $34.9$39.0 million in 2020,2021, an increase of $832 thousand$4.2 million from 2019. The net interest margin2020. On a fully tax-equivalent basis, NIM was 3.19%3.26% in 20202021 as compared to 3.61%3.19% in 2019. The movements year-over-year2020. Year-over-year, average loan yields were due to significant growth in average earning asset balances athigher by 19 basis points. While the lower average earning yields offset by higher average interest bearing liabilities balances at lower interest bearing costs. The low interest rate environment highduring 2021 resulted in lower average yields on new loan originations, including PPP loans, which earn interest at a fixed 1%, and repricing within the existing loan portfolio, average loan yields were higher due to accelerated recognition of deferred fees and costs related to PPP forgiveness and the collection of prepayment penalties on one commercial relationship. Loan fees and costs related to PPP loans are deferred at time of loan origination, are amortized into interest income over the remaining terms of the loans and accelerated upon forgiveness or repayment of the PPP loans. Net PPP fees of $3.2 million and $813 thousand were recognized in 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, unamortized net deferred PPP fees were $630 thousand. High levels of liquidity invested at lower yielding short-term levels and PPP participationin the low interest rate environment also continue to impact and challenge the net interest margin.  While accretive to net interest income, PPP loans, which have a fixed interest rate of 1%, compressed the net interest margin. Related loan fees and costs are deferred at time of loan origination and amortized into interest income over the remaining lives of the loans, which for the majority of PPP loans was 24 months at origination. Recognition of these deferred fees and costs will be accelerated upon forgiveness or repayment of the PPP loans.NIM. For more information about these FTE financial measures, please see “Non-GAAP-“Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below.

Average loans, which includes both loans held for investment and “Reconciliationloans held for sale, increased $7.5 million to $841.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 2020. Average loans held for investment included $53.5 million and $63.8 million of Certain Non-GAAP Financial Measures”.

When comparingaverage balances of loans originated under the PPP for 2021 and 2020, to 2019, the following changes occurred. Tax equivalent interest income decreased $298 thousand, or 0.74%. Average earning assets increased $148.9 million, or 15.78%.respectively. The average tax-equivalent yield decreased 61 basis points to 3.68%. Total average loans increased $76.6 million, or 10.11%, and average investment securities increased $16.9 million, or 11.58%.  Theremaining increase in average loans outstanding 2021 compared to 2020 was due primarily attributable to PPPgrowth in the commercial real estate segment of the loan originations.  Interest bearingportfolio. Average securities available for sale increased $42.5 million for 2021, compared to 2020, due from banksprimarily to higher purchases of securities. The average yield on the securities portfolio on a taxable-equivalent basis decreased 22 basis points for 2021, compared to 2020, due to purchases of securities in 2020 and 2021 at lower average yields relative to the average yield of the portfolio as a whole.

Average money market, savings and interest-bearing demand deposits increased $56.6$99.3 million and average time deposits decreased $29.5 million, for the year ended 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2020, due to growth in consumer and business deposits primarily as a result of new accounts and liquidity from government stimulus programs as well as a shift from time deposits as a result of lower interest rates. Average noninterest-bearing demand deposits increased $66.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020. The average cost of interest-bearing deposits liabilities but saw their yield decline by 170decreased 27 basis points for 2021 compared to the same 2020 period, due primarily to actionlower rates on deposits and a shift in composition from time deposits. While changes in rates take effect immediately for interest checking, money market and savings accounts, changes in the average cost of time deposits lag changes in pricing based on the repricing of time deposits at maturity.

Average borrowings decreased $44.8 million year-over-year due primarily to the repayment of PPPLF borrowings during 2021 and long-term borrowings in 2020. The average cost of borrowings increased 87 basis points during 2021 compared to 2020 due primarily to the issuance of subordinated notes by the Federal Reserve Board related to the decrease of the federal funds target rate to a range of 0 to 25 basis points.

Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $59.8 million, or 8.77%. Increases in average interest-bearing deposits of $59.6 million and average FRB borrowings of $11.5 million wereCompany during July 2021 partially offset by an $11.5 million reduction in average FHLB advances and average repurchase agreements. Total interest expense decreased $1.1 million, or 17.60%, when comparing 2020 to 2019. The decrease was driven by decreased deposit and borrowing costs. The average rate on interest-bearing liabilities in 2020 was 0.71%, a decreasethe repayment of 23 basis points from 2019.higher-cost long-term borrowings during 2020.


The following table shows an analysis of average earning assets, interest-bearing liabilities and rates and yields. Nonaccrual loans are included in loans outstanding.


TABLE 1: AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS, NET INTEREST INCOME AND RATES
 

 For the years ended December 31, 
  2020  2019  2018 
(dollars in thousands) 
Average
Balance
  
Interest
Income/
Expense
  
Yield/
Rate
  
Average
Balance
  
Interest
Income/
Expense
  
Yield/
Rate
  
Average
Balance
  
Interest
Income/
Expense
  
Yield/
Rate
 
ASSETS
                           
Loans* 
$
834,247
  
$
36,061
   
4.32
%
 
$
757,677
  
$
35,771
   
4.72
%
 
$
768,960
  
$
34,504
   
4.49
%
Investment securities:                                    
Taxable  
145,029
   
3,068
   
2.12
%
  
116,930
   
2,827
   
2.42
%
  
95,752
   
2,080
   
2.17
%
Tax-exempt*  
18,270
   
654
   
3.58
%
  
29,425
   
955
   
3.25
%
  
50,426
   
1,547
   
3.07
%
Total investment securities  
163,299
   
3,722
   
2.28
%
  
146,355
   
3,782
   
2.58
%
  
146,178
   
3,627
   
2.48
%
Interest-bearing due from banks  
91,160
   
267
   
0.29
%
  
34,592
   
689
   
1.99
%
  
9,358
   
198
   
2.12
%
Federal funds sold  
841
   
12
   
1.45
%
  
1,546
   
31
   
2.01
%
  
1,150
   
21
   
1.83
%
Other investments  
3,020
   
134
   
4.43
%
  
3,484
   
221
   
6.36
%
  
4,083
   
253
   
6.20
%
Total earning assets  
1,092,567
  
$
40,196
   
3.68
%
  
943,654
  
$
40,494
   
4.29
%
  
929,729
  
$
38,603
   
4.15
%
Allowance for loan losses  
(9,723
)
          
(10,562
)
          
(10,254
)
        
Other nonearning assets  
104,414
           
105,422
           
101,100
         
Total assets 
$
1,187,258
          
$
1,038,514
          
$
1,020,575
         
                                     
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
                                 
Time and savings deposits:                                    
Interest-bearing transaction accounts 
$
55,667
  
$
12
   
0.02
%
 
$
32,603
  
$
11
   
0.03
%
 
$
28,246
  
$
10
   
0.04
%
Money market deposit accounts  
307,190
   
1,012
   
0.33
%
  
257,884
   
1,037
   
0.40
%
  
242,025
   
542
   
0.22
%
Savings accounts  
96,149
   
56
   
0.06
%
  
86,787
   
88
   
0.10
%
  
87,534
   
76
   
0.09
%
Time deposits  
209,727
   
3,337
   
1.59
%
  
231,774
   
3,845
   
1.66
%
  
228,800
   
2,916
   
1.27
%
Total time and savings deposits  
668,733
   
4,417
   
0.66
%
  
609,048
   
4,981
   
0.82
%
  
586,605
   
3,544
   
0.60
%
Federal funds purchased, repurchase agreements and other borrowings
  
33,846
   
150
   
0.44
%
  
22,302
   
132
   
0.59
%
  
28,427
   
131
   
0.46
%
Federal Home Loan Bank advances  
38,942
   
725
   
1.86
%
  
50,397
   
1,309
   
2.60
%
  
66,151
   
1,294
   
1.96
%
Total interest-bearing liabilities  
741,521
   
5,292
   
0.71
%
  
681,747
   
6,422
   
0.94
%
  
681,183
   
4,969
   
0.73
%
Demand deposits  
325,596
           
245,518
           
236,249
         
Other liabilities  
5,055
           
3,947
           
3,378
         
Stockholders’ equity  
115,086
           
107,302
           
99,765
         
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 
$
1,187,258
          
$
1,038,514
          
$
1,020,575
         
Net interest margin     
$
34,904
   
3.19
%
     
$
34,072
   
3.61
%
     
$
33,634
   
3.62
%

 For the years ended December 31,
  2021  2020  2019 
  (dollars in thousands)    
Average
Balance
      
Interest
Income/
Expense
       
Yield/
Rate
       
Average
Balance
      
Interest
Income/
Expense
       
Yield/
Rate
       
Average
Balance
      
Interest
Income/
Expense
       
Yield/
Rate
   
ASSETS                           
Loans* 
$
841,748
  
$
37,960
   
4.51
%
 
$
834,247
  
$
36,061
   
4.32
%
 
$
757,677
  
$
35,771
   
4.72
%
Investment securities:                                    
Taxable  
173,661
   
3,284
   
1.89
%
  
145,029
   
3,068
   
2.12
%
  
116,930
   
2,827
   
2.42
%
Tax-exempt*  
32,158
   
953
   
2.96
%
  
18,270
   
654
   
3.58
%
  
29,425
   
955
   
3.25
%
Total investment securities  
205,819
   
4,237
   
2.06
%
  
163,299
   
3,722
   
2.28
%
  
146,355
   
3,782
   
2.58
%
Interest-bearing due from banks  
145,425
   
230
   
0.16
%
  
91,160
   
267
   
0.29
%
  
34,592
   
689
   
1.99
%
Federal funds sold  
2,932
   
3
   
0.09
%
  
841
   
12
   
1.45
%
  
1,546
   
31
   
2.01
%
Other investments  
1,104
   
70
   
6.35
%
  
3,020
   
134
   
4.43
%
  
3,484
   
221
   
6.36
%
Total earning assets  
1,197,028
  
$
42,500
   
3.55
%
  
1,092,567
  
$
40,196
   
3.68
%
  
943,654
  
$
40,494
   
4.29
%
Allowance for loan losses  
(9,621
)
          
(9,723
)
          
(10,562
)
        
Other nonearning assets  
98,597
           
104,414
           
105,422
         
Total assets 
$
1,286,004
          
$
1,187,258
          
$
1,038,514
         
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY 
Time and savings deposits:                           
Interest-bearing transaction accounts 
$
71,841
  
$
13
   
0.02
%
 
$
55,667
  
$
12
   
0.02
%
 
$
32,603
  
$
11
   
0.03
%
Money market deposit accounts  
372,193
   
879
   
0.24
%
  
307,190
   
1,012
   
0.33
%
  
257,884
   
1,037
   
0.40
%
Savings accounts  
114,285
   
46
   
0.04
%
  
96,149
   
56
   
0.06
%
  
86,787
   
88
   
0.10
%
Time deposits  
180,255
   
1,941
   
1.08
%
  
209,727
   
3,337
   
1.59
%
  
231,774
   
3,845
   
1.66
%
Total time and savings deposits  
738,574
   
2,879
   
0.39
%
  
668,733
   
4,417
   
0.66
%
  
609,048
   
4,981
   
0.82
%
Federal funds purchased, repurchase                                    
agreements and other borrowings  
14,178
   
35
   
0.25
%
  
33,846
   
150
   
0.44
%
  
22,302
   
132
   
0.59
%
Long terrn borrowings  
13,784
   
544
   
3.95
%
  
-
   
-
   
0.00
%
  
-
   
-
   
0.00
%
Federal Home Loan Bank advances  
-
   
-
   
0.00
%
  
38,942
   
725
   
1.86
%
  
50,397
   
1,309
   
2.60
%
Total interest-bearing liabilities  
766,536
   
3,458
   
0.45
%
  
741,521
   
5,292
   
0.71
%
  
681,747
   
6,422
   
0.94
%
Demand deposits  
391,673
           
325,596
           
245,518
         
Other liabilities  
7,473
           
5,055
           
3,947
         
Stockholders' equity  
120,322
           
115,086
           
107,302
         
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity 
$
1,286,004
          
$
1,187,258
          
$
1,038,514
         
Net interest margin     
$
39,042
   
3.26
%
     
$
34,904
   
3.19
%
     
$
34,072
   
3.61
%
*Computed on a fully tax-equivalent basis (non-GAAP) using a 21% rate, adjusting interest income byincomeby $248 thousand, $187 thousand, $253 thousand, and $384$253 thousand, respectively.


Interest income and expense are affected by fluctuations in interest rates, by changes in volume of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and by the interaction of rate and volume factors. The following table summarizes changes in net interest income attributable toshows the direct causes of the year-to-year changes in the components of net interest income.  The Company calculates the rate and volume variances using a formula prescribed by the SEC. Rate/volume variances, the third element in the calculation, are not show separately in the table, but are allocated to the rate and volume variances in proportion to the absolute dollar amounts of interest-bearing assets and liabilities and changes in interest rates.each.


TABLE II
TABEL 2: VOLUME AND RATE ANALYSIS*
  
2020 vs. 2019
Increase (Decrease)
Due to Changes in:
  
2019 vs. 2018
Increase (Decrease)
Due to Changes in:
 
(dollars in thousands) Volume  Rate  Total  Volume  Rate  Total 
EARNING ASSETS                  
Loans 
$
3,723
  
$
(3,433
)
 
$
290
  
$
(520
)
 
$
1,787
  
$
1,267
 
Investment securities:                        
Taxable  
689
   
(448
)
  
241
   
457
   
290
   
747
 
Tax-exempt  
(360
)
  
59
   
(301
)
  
(645
)
  
53
   
(592
)
Total investment securities  
329
   
(389
)
  
(60
)
  
(188
)
  
343
   
155
 
                         
Federal funds sold  
(14
)
  
(5
)
  
(19
)
  
7
   
3
   
10
 
Other investments  
1,345
   
(1,854
)
  
(509
)
  
827
   
(368
)
  
459
 
Total earning assets  
5,383
   
(5,681
)
  
(298
)
  
126
   
1,765
   
1,891
 
                         
INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES                        
Interest-bearing transaction accounts  
8
   
(7
)
  
1
   
2
   
(1
)
  
1
 
Money market deposit accounts  
202
   
(227
)
  
(25
)
  
35
   
460
   
495
 
Savings accounts  
10
   
(42
)
  
(32
)
  
(1
)
  
13
   
12
 
Time deposits  
(356
)
  
(152
)
  
(508
)
  
37
   
892
   
929
 
Total time and savings deposits  
(136
)
  
(428
)
  
(564
)
  
73
   
1,364
   
1,437
 
Federal funds purchased, repurchase agreements and other borrowings
  
68
   
(50
)
  
18
   
(28
)
  
29
   
1
 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances  
(298
)
  
(286
)
  
(584
)
  
(309
)
  
324
   
15
 
Total interest-bearing liabilities  
(366
)
  
(764
)
  
(1,130
)
  
(264
)
  
1,717
   
1,453
 
                         
Change in net interest income 
$
5,749
  
$
(4,917
)
 
$
832
  
$
390
  
$
48
  
$
438
 
 
  2021 vs. 2020  2020 vs. 2019 
  Increase (Decrease)  Increase (Decrease) 
  Due to Changes in:     Due to Changes in:    
(dollars in thousands) Volume  Rate  Total  Volume  Rate  Total 
EARNING ASSETS                  
Loans 
$
324
  
$
1,575
  
$
1,899
  
$
3,723
  
$
(3,433
)
 
$
290
 
Investment securities:                        
Taxable  
607
   
(391
)
  
216
   
689
   
(448
)
  
241
 
Tax-exempt  
497
   
(198
)
  
299
   
(360
)
  
59
   
(301
)
Total investment securities  
1,104
   
(589
)
  
515
   
329
   
(389
)
  
(60
)
                         
Federal funds sold  
30
   
(39
)
  
(9
)
  
(14
)
  
(5
)
  
(19
)
Other investments **  
72
   
(173
)
  
(101
)
  
1,345
   
(1,854
)
  
(509
)
Total earning assets  
1,531
   
773
   
2,304
   
5,383
   
(5,681
)
  
(298
)
                         
INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES                        
Interest-bearing transaction accounts  
3
   
(2
)
  
1
   
8
   
(7
)
  
1
 
Money market deposit accounts  
215
   
(348
)
  
(133
)
  
202
   
(227
)
  
(25
)
Savings accounts  
11
   
(21
)
  
(10
)
  
10
   
(42
)
  
(32
)
Time deposits  
(469
)
  
(927
)
  
(1,396
)
  
(356
)
  
(152
)
  
(508
)
Total time and savings deposits  
(240
)
  
(1,298
)
  
(1,538
)
  
(136
)
  
(428
)
  
(564
)

                        
Federal funds purchased, repurchase
agreements and other borrowings
  
(87
)
  
(28
)
  
(115
)
  
68
   
(50
)
  
18
 
Long term borrowings  
-
   
544
   
544
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances  
(724
)
  
(1
)
  
(725
)
  
(298
)
  
(286
)
  
(584
)
Total interest-bearing liabilities  
(1,051
)
  
(1,327
)
  
(1,834
)
  
(366
)
  
(764
)
  
(1,130
)
                         
Change in net interest income 
$
2,582
  
$
2,100
  
$
4,138
  
$
5,749
  
$
(4,917
)
 
$
832
 
* Computed on a fully tax-equivalent basis, non-GAAP, using a 21% rate.

** Other investments include interest-bearing balances due from banks.

The Company believes the net interest marginNIM may be affected in future periods by several factors that are difficult to predict, including:including (1) changes in interest rates, which may depend on the severity of adverse economic conditions, the timing and extent of any economic recovery, and the extent or continuing impact of government stimulus measures, which are inherently uncertain, (2) possible changes in the composition of earning assets which may result from decreased loan demand as a result of the current economic environmentenvironment; and (3) the repricing of higher-rate time deposits at maturity to lower rates, which may occur at a slower rate than the repricing of interest earning assets and (4) the recognition of net deferred fees on PPP loans, which is subject to the timing of repayment or forgiveness. However, if market interest rates rise to a meaningful degree in 2022, as some financial markets predict, the Company may benefit from higher yields on certain interest earning assets, which would be expected to outpace any increases in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities


Discussion of net interest income for the year ended December 31, 20182019 has been omitted as such discussion was provided in Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis,” under the heading “Net Interest Income” in the Company’s 20192020 Form 10-K.10-K, which was filed with the SEC on March 30, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference.


Provision for Loan Losses
The provision for loan losses is a charge against earnings necessary to maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level consistent with management’smanagement's evaluation of the portfolio. This expense is based on management’smanagement's estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Management’s evaluation included credit quality trends, collateral values, discounted cash flow analysis, loan volumes, geographic, borrower and industry concentrations, the findings of internal credit quality assessments and results from external regulatory examinations. These factors, as well as identified impaired loans, historical losses and current economic and business conditions including uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, were used in developing estimated loss factors for determining the loan loss provision. Based on its analysis of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, management concluded that the provision was appropriate.


The provision for loan losses was $1.0 million$794 thousand for the year ended December 31, 20202021, as compared to $318 thousand$1.0 million for 2019. While historical2020. Historical loss rates, levels of non-performing assets, and credit quality continued to improve in 2021 and contributed to a lower provision recognized in 2021; however, these developments were partially offset by the impact of two commercial relationships that were downgraded during 2021 and qualitative factor adjustments for loan volume trends. During 2020, increased qualitative reserves primarily related to uncertainties associated with potentialexpected asset quality deterioration which may arise as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and related economic disruption. The level of provision for loan lossesdisruption offset by improvements in 2019 was largely due to a $695 thousand recapture driven by the prior year decrease in loans, the upgrade of one large classified asset to a pass rating, and declines in past due loans as well as adversely, classified non-performing loans offset somewhat by an increase in specific reserves required on impaired loans.qualitative historical loss factors.  Charged-off loans totaled $1.1 million in 2021, compared to $2.0 million in 2020, compared to $1.4 million in 2019.2020. Recoveries amounted to $649 thousand in 2021 and $886 thousand in 2020 and $629 thousand in 2019.2020. The Company’s net loans charged off to average loans were 0.13%0.06% in 20202021 as compared to 0.10%0.13% in 2019.2020.

The state of the local economy can have a significant impact on the level of loan charge-offs. If the economy begins to contract, nonperforming assets could increase as a result of declines in real estate values and home sales or increases in unemployment rates and financial stress on borrowers. Increased nonperforming assets would increase charge-offs and reduce earnings due to larger contributions to the loan loss provision.


Noninterest Income
Unless otherwise noted, all comparisons in this section are between the twelve months ended December 31, 20202021 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2019.2020.


Noninterest income increased $621$187 thousand or 4.41%1.3% for the year ended December 31, 20202021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2019.2020. In 2020,2021, increases in fiduciary and asset management fees ($321 thousand or 8.3%), other service charges, commissions and fees ($103141 thousand or 2.62%3.50%), bank-owned life insurance income ($175 thousand or 20.9%), and mortgage banking income ($897499 thousand or 101.47%28.0%) andwere partially offset by nonrecurring gains on sale of real estate ($818 thousand) partially offset by decreaseswhich occurred in service charges on deposit accounts ($1.21 million or 29.69%) were the primary drivers of noninterest income growth.2020. Trust’s operating results improved significantly from 2020 to 2021, primarily due to increased fiduciary and asset management fees across Trust’s retirement solutions, wealth management and trust business lines, as well as strong market performance during 2021 that increased Trust client account balances.


Other service charges, commissions and fees increased primarily due to growth in merchant processing income, and debit card fee income, while the increase in mortgageand telephone payment fees.  Mortgage banking income isincreased primarily due to (i) higher volume resulting from the current low interest rate environment, (ii) higher gains on sales of loans as a result of higher margins on loan originated for resale and (iii) expansion of the mortgage lending team in early 2020 and increased mortgage lending activity in the current low interest rate environment.  The decrease in service charges on deposit accounts is primarily attributable to lower nonsufficient fund, or NSF, and overdraft charges.team.


The Company continues to focus on diversifying noninterest income through efforts to expand Trust, insurance, and mortgage banking activities, and a continued focus on business checking and other corporate services.


Discussion of noninterest income for the year ended December 31, 20182019 has been omitted as such discussion was provided in Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis,” under the heading “Noninterest Income” in the Company’s 20192020 Form 10-K.10-K. which was filed with the SEC on March 30, 2021, and is incorporated by reference herein.


Noninterest Expense
Unless otherwise noted, all comparisons in this section are between the twelve months ended December 31, 20202021 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2019.2020.


The Company’s noninterest expense increased $3.9 million$644 thousand or 10.01%1.5%. Year-over-year increases were primarily related to salariesdata processing, professional services and, employee benefits, data processing,other operating expense partially offset by decreased ATM and other losses loss on FHLB prepayment, and other operating expenses partially offset by decreases in occupancy and equipment, customer development, professional services, and employee professional development. In 2020, salaries and benefit costs increased $1.5 million or 6.20% which were primarily attributable to (i) the full-year effect of the addition of highly skilled bankers in lending, credit management and executive management to the team in 2019; (ii) increased commission expenselosses related to higher mortgage loan originations during 2020; (iii) ERIP severance costs; and (iv) increased overtime and incentive pay related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which were partially offset by the deferral of costs related to PPP loan origination. The costs related to PPP loan originations were deferred at time of origination and are being amortized to interest income over the remaining lives of the loans, which for the majority of PPP loans was 24 months at origination. These costs are amortized against the related loan fees received for the origination of the PPP loans. Recognition of the deferred costs and related fees will be accelerated upon forgiveness or repayment of the PPP loans.FHLB prepayments.


DataDuring 2021, data processing expenses increased $1.7$1.1 million thousand, or 93.44%, driven by implementation31.0% as the Company fully executed and implemented multiple solutions as part of Bank-widethe ongoing roadmap for bank-wide technology and operating efficiency initiatives. Initiatives completed during 2021 include a new loan origination system, new online appointment scheduling system, bank-wide ATM upgrades, a new deposit origination platform, a new data analytics solution, and a new payments platform. Critical infrastructure software related to imaging, a new teller platform, and a new online account opening solution are expected to reach completion in first quarter 2022. These initiatives which when combined with a pivothave driven period-over-period increases in data processing costs during the implementation and transition time frames as our operational structure pivoted from in-house to outsourced environments alsoand shifted costs previously included in occupancy and equipment expense. In 2020, the Company effectively completed outsourcing of the Bank’s core application, outsourcing of item processing, migration of our digital platform to a new vendor,Implementing, integrating, and implementation of an automated solution for PPP. Implementation of Bank-wide technology and efficiency initiatives is expected to flow through 2021 with the full roll-out of a new loan origination system, upgrades to critical infrastructure software related to imaging, and implementations of a new data analytics solution, deposit origination platform, and teller systems. Leveraging ourleveraging these digital and technological strategies as fully implemented and integrated solutions to gain operational efficiencies continues to be awill remain one area of focus as well as noninterest expense control.in 2022. The Company is actively engaged in assessing major vendor contracts.


Of the remaining categories of noninterest expense, the most significant changes when comparing 20202021 to 20192020 were in:

Professional services, which increased $325 thousand primarily due to higher legal costs, audit expense and expenses related to the transition from in-house to outsourced data processing environments, and an increased OCC assessment.
ATM and other losses, which increased $580decreased $367 thousand primarily due to lower impairment of certain low-income housing equity investments.
Loss on extinguishment of borrowings, which is related to FHLB advance prepayments of $38.5 million and is expected to reduce future interest expense by approximately $560 thousand.was recognized in 2020. There were no similar losses during 2021.
Other operating expenses, (increased $716which increased $260 thousand or 26.99%)7.7% due primarily to an increase in FDIC insurance expense, telephone and courier expense, and other loan expenses due to costs associated with higher loan volumes.  The Company recognized a single loss event of $85 thousand in the first quarter of 2020, $94 thousand increasewhich did not impact 2021.
The Company also continues to focus on balance sheet repositioning, exploring disposition opportunities of under-utilized real estate and branch optimization with two branch closures completed in FDIC insurance expensethe first quarter of 2022, as Small Bank Assessment Credits were used to offset expense for a portion of 2019, directors fees ($138 thousand), and other loan expenses primarily due to costs associated with higher mortgage volumes.
well as digital initiatives that complement this repositioning.

29


The provision for income taxes is based upon the results of operations, adjusted for the effect of certain tax-exempt income, non-deductible expenses, and tax credits. In addition, certain items of income and expense are reported in different periods for financial reporting and tax return purposes. The tax effects of these temporary differences are recognized currently in the deferred income tax provision or benefit. Deferred tax assets or liabilities are computed based on the difference between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using the applicable enacted marginal tax rate.


The effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were 13.3% and 2019 were 8.8% and 12.1%, respectively. The effective tax rate was affected by to higher pre-tax income.


Discussion of noninterest expense and income taxes for the year ended December 31, 20182019 has been omitted as such discussion was provided in Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis,” under the heading “Noninterest Expense” in the Company’s 20192020 Form 10-K.10-K, which was filed with the SEC on March 30, 2021, and in incorporated by reference herein.


Balance Sheet Review
At December 31, 2020,2021, the Company had total assets of $1.23$1.3 billion, an increase of $171.7$112.0 million or 16.28%9.1% compared to assets as of December 31, 2019.2020.


Net loans held for investment increased $88.6$6.9 million or 12.00%0.8%, from $738.2 million at December 31, 2019 to $826.8 million at December 31, 2020. Net loan growth2020 to $833.7 million at December 31, 2021. The change in net loans held for investment was primarily affected by a decline of $86.0 million was attributed to PPP loans with the remaining $2.6$67.0 million in the real estate secured portfolio segmentsPPP loan segment due to forgiveness of $115.3 million of PPP loans, partially offset by pay-downsnew PPP originations of $48.3 million.  Loans held for investment, excluding PPP, grew 9.9%, or $74.2 million, driven by loan growth in the indirectfollowing segments: commercial real estate of $66.6 million, construction, land development, and other land loans of $14.9 million, and automobile segment.of $4.7 million. This segmented growth was partially offset by decreases in commercial and industrial and multi-family residential real estate. Cash and cash equivalents increased $30.6$67.5 million or 34.02%56.0% from December 31, 20192020 to December 31, 2020,2021, and securities available for sale increased $40.7$47.9 million or 27.93%25.7% over the same period utilizing as additional liquidity provided by growth in deposit accounts.accounts was deployed in the Company’s investment portfolio.


Total deposits of $1.2 billion as of December 31, 20202021 increased $177.7$109.9 million, or 20.0%10.3%, to $1.1 billion from December 31, 2019.2020. Noninterest-bearing deposits increased $98.0$60.9 million, or 37.3%16.9%, savings deposits increased $113.9$73.5 million, or 28.6%14.3%, and time deposits decreased $34.2$24.5 million, or 15.0%12.7%. The impact of government stimulus, PPP loan related deposits, and higherLiquidity continues to be impacted by record cumulative levels of consumer savings, were primary drivers ofgovernment stimulus, and PPP loan related deposits. Expanding the increase on total deposits.  Deposit growth continued to shift year-over-year resulting from strategies for expanding low cost depositslow-cost deposit base and re-pricing to reduce interest expense.expense to buffer NIM compression during the low rate environment were key strategies in 2021.


The Company utilized the PPPLF initiated by the Federal Reserve Bank to partially fund PPP loan originations, borrowingoriginations. PPPLF borrowings were $480 thousand at December 31, 2021 compared to $28.6 million as of December 31, 2020.  The Company also utilizes FHLB advances as a source of liquidity as needed. InAt December 2020,31, 2021, the Company had no FHLB advances of $38.5 million were prepaid.advances.


Securities Portfolio
When comparing December 31, 20202021 to December 31, 2019,2020, securities available-for-sale increased $40.7$47.9 million, or 27.93%25.7%. The majority of the change was due primarily to deploymentpurchases of excessU.S. Treasury securities, securities issued by state and political subdivisions, and mortgage-backed securities to deploy additional liquidity levels.provided by growth in deposit accounts rather than holding in lower yielding cash reserves.


29

The Company’s strategy for the securities portfolio is primarily intended to manage the portfolio’s susceptibility to interest rate risk and to provide liquidity to fund loan growth. The securities portfolio is also adjusted to achieve other asset/liability objectives, including pledging requirements, and to manage tax exposure when necessary.

30


The following table sets forth a summary of the securities portfolio:


TABLE III
3: SECURITIES PORTFOLIO
 
 As of December 31,  As of December 31, 
(Dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 2018  2021 2020 
U.S. Treasury securities 
$
7,043
 
$
7,003
 
$
12,328
  
$
14,904
 
$
7,043
 
Obligations of U.S. Government agencies 
36,696
 
33,604
 
10,714
  
38,558
 
36,696
 
Obligations of state and policitcal subdivisions 
45,995
 
24,742
 
48,837
  
65,803
 
45,995
 
Mortgage-backed securities 
73,501
 
71,908
 
71,191
  
89,058
 
73,501
 
Money market investments 
4,743
 
3,825
 
1,897
  
2,413
 
4,743
 
Corporate bonds and other securities 
18,431
 
4,633
 
3,280
  
23,585
 
18,431
 
 
186,409
 
145,715
 
148,247
  
234,321
 
186,409
 
Restricted securities:            
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 
$
943
 
2,502
 
3,429
  
$
609
 
943
 
Federal Reserve Bank stock 
382
 
382
 
382
  
383
 
382
 
Community Bankers’ Bank stock  
42
  
42
  
42
 
Community Bankers' Bank stock  
42
  
42
 
 
1,367
 
2,926
 
3,853
  
1,034
 
1,367
 
Total Securities $187,776 $148,641 $152,100  $235,355 $187,776 


The following table summarizes the contractual maturity of the securities portfolio and their weighted average yields as of December 31, 2020:2021:


(Dollars in thousands) 
1 year or less
2020
  1-5 years  5-10 years  Over 10 years  Total 
U.S. Treasury securities
 
$
7,043
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
7,043
 
Weighted average yield
  
2.50
%
  
0.00
%
  
-
   
-
   
2.50
%
                     
Obligations of U.S. Government agencies
 
$
-
  
$
1,400
  
$
4,164
  
$
31,132
  
$
36,696
 
Weighted average yield
  
0.00
%
  
0.36
%
  
1.37
%
  
1.02
%
  
1.03
%
                     
Obligations of state and policitcal subdivisions
 
$
-
  
$
2,474
  
$
2,635
  
$
40,886
  
$
45,995
 
Weighted average yield
  
0.00
%
  
3.54
%
  
3.27
%
  
2.87
%
  
2.93
%
                     
Mortgage-backed securities
 
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
23,280
  
$
50,221
  
$
73,501
 
Weighted average yield
  
-
   
0.00
%
  
1.94
%
  
1.75
%
  
1.81
%
                     
Money market investments
 
$
4,743
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
4,743
 
Weighted average yield
  
0.36
%
  
-
   
-
   
-
   
0.36
%
                     
Corporate bonds and other securities
 
$
102
  
$
743
  
$
17,586
  
$
-
  
$
18,431
 
Weighted average yield
  
3.15
%
  
3.06
%
  
5.16
%
  
-
   
5.06
%
                     
Federal Home Loan Bank stock
 
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
943
  
$
943
 
Weighted average yield
  
-
   
-
   
-
   
3.90
%
  
3.90
%
                     
Federal Reserve Bank stock
 
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
382
  
$
382
 
Weighted average yield
  
-
   
-
   
-
   
6.00
%
  
6.00
%
                     
Community Bankers’ Bank stock
 
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
42
  
$
42
 
Weighted average yield
  
-
   
-
   
-
   
0.00
%
  
0.00
%
Total Securities $11,888  $4,617  $47,665  $123,606  $187,776 
Weighted average yield
  
1.65
%
  
2.10
%
  
3.15
%
  
1.95
%
  
2.24
%

TABLE 4: MATURITY OF SECURITIES
  1 year or less             
(Dollars in thousands) 2022  1-5 years  5-10 years  Over 10 years  Total 
U.S. Treasury securities 
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
14,904
  
$
-
  
$
14,904
 
Weighted average yield  
-
   
-
   
1.21
%
  
-
   
1.21
%
                     
Obligations of U.S. Government agencies 
$
-
  
$
3,178
  
$
3,053
  
$
32,327
  
$
38,558
 
Weighted average yield  
-
   
0.90
%
  
1.42
%
  
0.91
%
  
0.95
%
                     
Obligations of state and policitcal subdivisions 
$
-
  
$
2,853
  
$
16,898
  
$
46,052
  
$
65,803
 
Weighted average yield  
-
   
3.14
%
  
2.44
%
  
2.65
%
  
2.62
%
                     
Mortgage-backed securities 
$
-
  
$
6,792
  
$
12,832
  
$
69,434
  
$
89,058
 
Weighted average yield  
-
   
1.79
%
  
2.29
%
  
1.65
%
  
1.76
%
                     
Money market investments 
$
2,413
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
2,413
 
Weighted average yield  
0.03
%
  
-
   
-
   
-
   
0.03
%
                     
Corporate bonds and other securities 
$
195
  
$
518
  
$
22,872
  
$
-
  
$
23,585
 
Weighted average yield  
2.05
%
  
3.44
%
  
4.55
%
  
-
   
4.50
%
                     
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
609
  
$
609
 
Weighted average yield  
-
   
-
   
-
   
5.60
%
  
5.60
%
                     
Federal Reserve Bank stock 
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
383
  
$
383
 
Weighted average yield  
-
   
-
   
-
   
6.00
%
  
6.00
%
                     
Community Bankers' Bank stock 
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
42
  
$
42
 
Weighted average yield  
-
   
-
   
-
   
0.00
%
  
0.00
%
Total Securities $2,608  $13,341  $70,559  $148,847  $235,355 
Weighted average yield  
0.18
%
  
1.80
%
  
2.79
%
  
1.81
%
  
2.09
%

The table above is based on maturity. Therefore, it does not reflect cash flow from principal payments or prepayments prior to maturity. The weighted average life of the $73.5$89.1 million in mortgage-backed securities as of December 31, 20202021 was 5.976.1 years. Yields areThe weighted average yield is calculated on a fully tax-equivalent basis using a 21% rate.rate on a pro rata basis for each security based on its relative amortized cost.


3130

Loan Portfolio
The following table shows a breakdown of total loans by segment at December 31, for years 2016 through2021 and 2020:


TABLE IV
5: LOAN PORTFOLIO
 
 As of December 31,  As of December 31, 
(Dollars in thousands) 2020  2019  2018  2017  2016  2021  2020 
Commercial and industrial
 
$
141,746
 
$
75,383
 
$
63,398
 
$
60,398
 
$
54,434
  
$
68,690
 
$
141,746
 
Real estate-construction
 
43,732
 
40,716
 
32,383
 
27,489
 
23,116
  
58,440
 
43,732
 
Real estate-mortgage (1)
 
207,536
 
210,653
 
213,909
 
175,549
 
162,979
  
206,368
 
207,536
 
Real estate-commercial
 
316,851
 
277,541
 
286,532
 
289,682
 
285,429
  
382,603
 
316,851
 
Consumer
 
118,368
 
137,007
 
169,138
 
174,225
 
58,907
  
118,441
 
118,368
 
Other
 
8,067
 
6,565
 
8,649
 
11,197
 
19,017
  
8,984
 
8,067
 
Ending Balance
 
$
836,300
 
$
747,865
 
$
774,009
 
$
738,540
 
$
603,882
  
$
843,526
 
$
836,300
 
(1) The real estate-mortgage segment included residential 1-4 family, multi-family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit.
(1)
The real estate-mortgage segment included residential 1-4 family, multi-family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit.


Based on the North American Industry Classification System code, there are no categories of loans that exceed 10% of total loans other than the categories disclosed in the preceding table.


As of December 31, 2020,2021, the total loan portfolio increased by $88.6$7.2 million or 12.00%0.9% from December 31, 2019,2020, primarily due to increases in commercial and industrialreal estate construction and real estate-commercial which were partially offset by reductions in indirect automobile dealer lending. The growth in commercial and industrial is attributeddue to a decline of $67.0 million in PPP loans which were $86.0 million atoutstanding. Net loans held for investment increased 0.8% from December 31, 2020.2020 to December 31, 2021. Loans held for investment (net of deferred fees and costs), excluding PPP (non-GAAP), grew 9.9%


The maturity distribution and rate sensitivity of certain categories of the Company’sCompany's loan portfolio at December 31, 20202021 is presented below:


TABLE V
MATURITY6: MATURITY/REPRICING SCHEDULE OF SELECTED LOANSLOAN PORTFOLIO
 
  As of December 31, 2020 
(Dollars in thousands) Within 1 year  1 to 5 years  After 5 years  Total 
Commercial and industrial 
$
8,563
  
$
111,317
  
$
21,866
  
$
141,746
 
Real estate-construction  
25,125
   
9,972
   
8,635
   
43,732
 
Total 
$
33,688
  
$
121,289
  
$
30,501
  
$
185,478
 
                 
Loans due after 1 year with:                
Fixed interest rate     
$
111,087
  
$
17,032
  
$
128,119
 
Variable interest rate      
10,202
   
13,469
   
23,671
 
Total     
$
121,289
  
$
30,501
  
$
151,790
 
  As of December 31, 2021    
(Dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial  Real estate-construction  Real estate-mortgage (1)  Real estate-commercial  Consumer  Other  Total 
Variable Rate:                     
Within 1 year 
$
6,787
  
$
33,513
  
$
4,813
  
$
25,790
  
$
1,613
  
$
2,657
  
$
75,173
 
1 to 5 years  
31,628
   
10,735
   
58,889
   
165,466
   
46,752
   
4,627
   
318,097
 
5 to 15 years  
21,017
   
454
   
36,540
   
109,754
   
43,064
   
-
   
210,829
 
After 15 years  
-
   
-
   
40,911
   
6,348
   
12,499
   
326
   
60,084
 
Fixed Rate:                            
Within 1 year 
$
8,457
  
$
9,178
  
$
35,371
  
$
45,047
  
$
7,108
  
$
986
  
$
106,147
 
1 to 5 years  
801
   
2,552
   
9,705
   
25,656
   
463
   
388
   
39,565
 
5 to 15 years  
-
   
2,008
   
20,139
   
4,542
   
4,286
   
-
   
30,975
 
After 15 years  
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
2,656
   
-
   
2,656
 
  
$
68,690
  
$
58,440
  
$
206,368
  
$
382,603
  
$
118,441
  
$
8,984
  
$
843,526
 

(1)
The real estate-mortgage segment included residential 1-4 family, multi-family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit.

Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming assets consist of nonaccrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more and accruing interest, nonperforming restructured loans, and other real estate owned (OREO). Restructured loans are loans with terms that were modified in a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. Refer to Note 4, Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, “Financial"Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”Data" of this report Form 10-K for more information.


Nonperforming assets decreased by $5.2 million$455 thousand or 72.53%23.3%, from $7.1 million at December 31, 2019 to $2.0 million at December 31, 2020.2020 to $1.5 million at December 31, 2021. The 20202021 total consisted of $744 thousand$1.0 million in loans still accruing interest but past due 90 days or more and $1.2 million$478 thousand in nonaccrual loans. All of the nonaccrual loans are classified as impaired and 63.6% of the nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2020 was2021 were secured by real estate. All of the nonaccrual loans are classified as impaired. Impaired loans are a component of the allowance for loan losses. When a loan changes from “90 days past due but still accruing interest” to “nonaccrual” status, the loan is normally reviewed for impairment. If impairment is identified, then the Company records a charge-off based on the value of the collateral or the present value of the loan’s expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’sloan's effective interest rate. If the Company is waiting on an appraisal to determine the collateral’s value, management allocates funds to cover the deficiency to the allowance for loan losses based on information available to management at the time.


31

The recorded investment in impaired loans decreased to $1.3 million as of December 31, 2021 from $2.1 million as of December 31, 2020 from $8.4 million as of December 31, 2019 as detailed in Note 4, Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report on Form 10-K. The majority of these loans were collateralized.

32


The following table presents information concerning the aggregate amount of nonperforming assets, which includes nonaccrual loans, past due loans, TDRs and OREO:


TABLE VI
7: NONPERFORMING ASSETS
 
 As of December 31,  As of December 31, 
(dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016  2021 2020 
Nonaccrual loans                
Commercial and industrial 
$
-
 
$
257
 
$
298
 
$
836
 
$
231
  
$
174
 
$
-
 
Real estate-construction 
-
 
-
 
417
 
721
 
-
 
Real estate-mortgage (1) 
311
 
5,780
 
1,772
 
1,857
 
814
  
191
 
311
 
Real estate-commercial 
903
 
-
 
9,654
 
9,468
 
6,033
  
113
 
903
 
Consumer loans  
-
  
-
  
-
  
-
  
81
 
Total nonaccrual loans $1,214 $6,037 $12,141 $12,882 $7,159  $478 $1,214 
                
Loans past due 90 days or more and accruing interest                
Commercial and industrial 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
471
 
$
-
  
$
169
 
$
-
 
Real estate-construction 
-
 
-
 
205
 
-
 
-
 
Real estate-mortgage (1) 
-
 
-
 
315
 
306
 
276
 
Consumer loans (2) 
744
 
1,091
 
1,965
 
2,401
 
2,603
  
846
 
744
 
Other  
-
  
-
  
12
  
4
  
5
   
10
  
-
 
Total loans past due 90 days or more and accruing interest $744 $1,091 $2,497 $3,182 $2,884  $1,025 $744 
                
Restructured loans                
Commercial and industrial 
$
-
 
$
257
 
$
217
 
$
98
 
$
144
 
Real estate-construction 
83
 
88
 
92
 
92
 
96
  
$
79
 
$
83
 
Real estate-mortgage (1) 
492
 
6,754
 
1,956
 
2,458
 
2,731
  
450
 
492
 
Real estate-commercial 
1,352
 
-
 
10,142
 
12,323
 
8,885
  
413
 
1,352
 
Consumer loans  
-
  
-
  
-
  
-
  
-
 
Total restructured loans $1,927 $7,099 $12,407 $14,971 $11,856  $942 $1,927 
Less nonaccrual restructured loans (included above) 
1,120
 
4,693
 
8,454
 
8,561
 
2,838
  
191
 
1,120
 
Less restructured loans currently in compliance (3) 
807
 
2,406
 
3,953
 
6,410
 
9,018
  
751
 
807
 
Net nonperforming, accruing restructured loans 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
-
  
$
-
 
$
-
 
Nonperforming loans $1,958 $7,128 $14,638 $16,064 $10,043  $1,503 $1,958 
                
Other real estate owned           
Construction, land development, and other land 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
83
 
$
-
 
$
940
 
Former branch site 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
127
 
Total other real estate owned 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
83
 
$
-
 
$
1,067
 
           
Total nonperforming assets $1,958 $7,128 $14,721 $16,064 $11,110  $1,503 $1,958 
                
Interest income that would have been recorded under original loan terms on nonaccrual loans above $45 $283 $533 $474 $318  
$
11
 
$
45
 
                
Interest income recorded for the period on nonaccrual loans included above $34 $115 $336 $281 $269  
$
2
 
$
34
 
     
Total loans 
$
843,526
  
$
836,300
 
ALLL 
$
9,865
  
$
9,541
 
Nonaccrual loans to total loans 
0.06
%
 
0.15
%
ALLL to total loans 
1.17
%
 
1.14
%
ALLL to nonaccrual loans 
2063.81
%
 
785.91
%
      
For the year ended December 31:      
Provision for loan losses 
$
794
  
$
1,000
 
Net charge-offs to average total loans 
0.06
%
 
0.14
%


(1)The real estate-mortgage segment includes residential 1 – 4 family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit.
(2)Amounts listed include student loans and small business loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 - 100% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $711 thousand at December 31, 2021 and $547 thousand at December 31, 2020. For additional information, refer to Note 4, Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this report on Form 10-K.
(3)Amounts listed represent restructured loans that are in compliance with their modified terms as of the date presented.

(1) The real estate-mortgage segment includes residential 1 – 4 family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit.
32
(2) Amounts listed include student loans and small business loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 - 100% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $547 thousand at December 31, 2020 and $885 thousand at December 31, 2019. For additional information, refer to Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report on Form 10-K.
(3) Amounts listed represent restructured loans that are in compliance with their modified terms as of the date presented.
Index

As shown in the table above, as of December 31, 20202021 compared to December 31, 2019,2020, the nonaccrual loan category decreased by $4.8 million$736 thousand or 79.89%60.6% and the 90-days past due and still accruing interest category decreasedincreased by $347$281 thousand or 31.81%37.8%.

The majority of the balance of nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2020 was2021 were related to one largefour credit relationship. Of the $1.2 million of nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2020, $903 thousand, or approximately 74.35%, was comprised of one credit relationship.relationships. All loans in these relationships have been analyzed to determine whether the cash flow of the borrower and the collateral pledged to secure the loans is sufficient to cover outstanding principal balances. The Company has set aside specific allocations for those loans without sufficient cash flow or collateral and charged off any balance that management does not expect to collect.


The majority of the loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest at December 31, 20202021 ($547711 thousand) were small business and student loans. The federal government has provided guarantees of repayment of these small business and student loans in an amount ranging from 97% to 98%100% of the total principal and interest of the loans; as such, management does not expect even a significant increase in past due small business or student loans to have a material effect on the Company.


Management believes the Company has excellent credit quality review processes in place to identify problem loans quickly. For a detailed discussion of the Company’s nonperforming assets, refer to Note 4, Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses and Note 5, Other Real Estate Owned (OREO) of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report on Form 10-K.


The Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses is based on several components. In evaluating the adequacy of the allowance, each segment of the loan portfolio is divided into several pools of loans:



1.Specific identification (regardless of risk rating)

2.Pool–substandard

3.Pool–other assets especially mentioned (OAEM) (rated just above substandard)

4.Pool–pass loans (all other rated loans)

1.  Specific identification (regardless of risk rating)
2.   Pool–substandard
3.   Pool–other assets especially mentioned (OAEM) (rated just above substandard)
4.   Pool–pass loans (all other rated loans)

The first component of the allowance for loan losses is determined based on specifically identified loans that may become impaired. These loans are individually analyzed for impairment and include nonperforming loans and both performing and nonperforming TDRs. This component may also include loans considered impaired for other reasons, such as outdated financial information on the borrower or guarantors or financial problems of the borrower, including operating losses, marginal working capital, inadequate cash flow, or business interruptions. Changes in TDRs and nonperforming loans affect the dollar amount of the allowance. Increases in the impairment allowance for TDRs and nonperforming loans are reflected as an increase in the allowance for loan losses except in situations where the TDR or nonperforming loan does not require a specific allocation (i.e., the discounted present value of expected future cash flows or the collateral value is considered sufficient).


The majority of the Company’sCompany's TDRs and nonperforming loans are collateralized by real estate. When reviewing loans for impairment, the Company obtains current appraisals when applicable. If the Company has not yet received a current appraisal on loans being reviewed for impairment, any loan balance that is in excess of the estimated appraised value is allocated in the allowance. As of December 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the impaired loan component of the allowance for loan losses amounted to $11$128 thousand and $481$11 thousand, respectively. The decreaseincrease in the impaired loan component is due primarily to resolutionthe impairment of several non- or under-performingone credit relationships.relationship. The impaired loan component of the allowance for loan losses is reflected as a valuation allowance related to impaired loans in Note 4, Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report on Form 10-K.


The second component of the allowance consists of qualitative factors and includes items such as economic conditions, growth trends, loan concentrations, changes in certain loans, changes in underwriting, changes in management and legal and regulatory changes.


Historical loss is the final component of the allowance for loan losses. The calculation of the historical loss component is conducted on loans evaluated collectively for impairment and uses migration analysis with eight migration periods covering twelve quarters each on pooled segments. These segments are based on the loan classifications set by the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council in the instructions for the Call Report applicable to the Bank.


Consumer loans not secured by real estate and made to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures are segmented into pools based on whether the loan’sloan's payments are current (including loans 1 – 29 days past due), 30 – 59 days past due, 60 – 89 days past due, or 90 days or more past due. All other loans, including loans to consumers that are secured by real estate, are segmented by the Company’sCompany's internally assigned risk grades: substandard, other assets especially mentioned (rated just above substandard), and pass (all other loans). The Company may also assign loans to the risk grades of doubtful or loss, but as of December 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Company had no loans in these categories.


The overall historical loss rate from December 31, 20192020 to December 31, 2020,2021, improved 2012 basis points as a percentage of loans evaluated collectively for impairment as a result of overall improving asset quality combined with continued improvement in non-performing assets. For the same period, the qualitative factor components increased 203 basis points as a percentage of loans evaluated collectively for impairment overall. This increase was primarily due to segment adjustments for economic conditions and uncertainty related to the COVID-19 pandemic and change in volume. Asvolume for certain segments. While there have not been significant changes in overall credit quality of the loan portfolio from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021, management will continue to monitor economic recovery challenges at macro and micro levels, including levels of inflation, the impacts of new COVID-19 variants, expansion and contraction of pandemic-related government stimulus efforts, supply chain disruption, and employment levels, which may be delaying signs of credit deterioration. If there are further challenges to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related federal relief programs continue to evolve,recovery, elevated levels of risk within the loan portfolio may require additional increases in the allowance for loan losses.

On a combined basis, the historical loss and qualitative factor components amounted to $9.4$9.7 million as of December 31, 20202021 and $9.2$9.4 million at December 31, 2019.2020. Management is monitoring portfolio activity, such as levels of deferral and/or modification requests, deferral and/or modification concentration levels by collateral, as well as industry concentration levels to identify areas within the loan portfolio which may create elevated levels of risk should the economic environment created by theuncertainty related to COVID-19 pandemic or limited positive impact from federal government relief programs present indications of economic instability that is other than temporary in nature.


Acquired loans are recorded at their fair value at acquisition date without carryover of the acquiree’sacquiree's previously established ALLL, as credit discounts are included in the determination of fair value. The fair value of the loans is determined using market participant assumptions in estimating the amount and timing of both principal and interest cash flows expected to be collected on the loans and then applying a market-based discount rate to those cash flows. During evaluation upon acquisition, acquired loans are also classified as either purchased credit impaired or purchased performing.


Acquired impaired loans reflect credit quality deterioration since origination, as it is probable at acquisition that the Company will not be able to collect all contractually required payments. These acquired impaired loans are accounted for under ASC 310-30, Receivables – Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. The acquired impaired loans are segregated into pools based on loan type and credit risk. Loan type is determined based on collateral type, purpose, and lien position. Credit risk characteristics include risk rating groups, nonaccrual status, and past due status. For valuation purposes, these pools are further disaggregated by maturity, pricing characteristics, and re-payment structure. Acquired impaired loans are written down at acquisition to fair value using an estimate of cash flows deemed to be collectible. Accordingly, such loans are no longer classified as nonaccrual even though they may be contractually past due because the Company expects to fully collect the new carrying values of such loans, which is the new cost basis arising from purchase accounting.


Acquired performing loans are accounted for under ASC 310-20, Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs. The difference between the fair value and unpaid principal balance of the loan at acquisition date (premium or discount) is amortized or accreted into interest income over the life of the loans. If the acquired performing loan has revolving privileges, it is accounted for using the straight-line method; otherwise the effective interest method is used.


Overall Change in Allowance
As a result of management’smanagement's analysis, the Company added, through the provision, $1.0 million$794 thousand to the ALLL for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021. The ALLL, as a percentage of year-end loans held for investment, was 1.17% in 2021 and 1.14% in 2020 and 1.29% in 2019.2020. The decreaseincrease in the ALLL as a percentage of loans held for investment at December 31, 20202021 compared to the prior year was directlyprimarily attributable to an increase in loans held for investment, excluding PPP loan originations, creating a 0.13% compression.loans, the downgrade of two commercial relationships and qualitative factor adjustments for economic conditions, uncertainty related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and change in volume for certain segments partially offset by improvement in historical loss rates. Excluding PPP loans, the ALLL as a percentage of loans held for investment was 1.20% and 1.27% at December 31, 2020.2021 and 2020, respectively.  Loans held for investment excluding PPP loans is a non-GAAP financial measure. For more information about financial measures that are not calculated in accordance with GAAP, please see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below. Management believes that the allowance has been appropriately funded for losses on existing loans, based on currently available information. Nonperforming assetLow levels of past dues, NPAs, and year-over-year quantitative historical loss rates continue to demonstrate improvement but are balanced by increased qualitative factors related to economic uncertainty stemming primarily from the COVID-19 pandemic.improvement. The Company will continue to monitor the loan portfolio, levels of nonperforming assets, and the sustainability of improving asset quality trends experienced in 20202021 closely and make changes to the allowance for loan losses when necessary. As the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, elevated levels of risk within the loan portfolio may require additional increases in the ALLL. For more information about these financial measures, which are not calculated in accordance with GAAP, please see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of Certain Non-GAAP Financial Measures”.


The following table shows an analysis of the allowance for loan losses:

TABLE VII
ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES AND RECORDED INVESTMENT IN LOANS

  As of December 31, 
(Dollars in thousands) 2020  2019  2018  2017  2016 
Balance, beginning 
$
9,660
  
$
10,111
  
$
9,448
  
$
8,245
  
$
7,738
 
Charge-offs:                    
Commercial and industrial  
25
   
-
   
81
   
807
   
915
 
Real estate-construction  
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Real estate-mortgage (1)  
149
   
170
   
325
   
273
   
473
 
Real estate-commercial  
654
   
27
   
1,300
   
1,661
   
31
 
Consumer  
822
   
776
   
769
   
279
   
204
 
Other  
355
   
425
   
367
   
267
   
147
 
Total charge-offs  
2,005
   
1,398
   
2,842
   
3,287
   
1,770
 
                     
Recoveries:                    
Commercial and industrial  
47
   
10
   
140
   
37
   
79
 
Real estate-construction  
10
   
-
   
-
   
104
   
3
 
Real estate-mortgage (1)  
69
   
113
   
111
   
44
   
196
 
Real estate-commercial  
317
   
87
   
47
   
1
   
1
 
Consumer  
377
   
351
   
262
   
56
   
28
 
Other  
66
   
68
   
84
   
88
   
40
 
Total recoveries  
886
   
629
   
644
   
330
   
347
 
                     
Net charge-offs  
1,119
   
769
   
2,198
   
2,957
   
1,423
 
Provision for loan  
1,000
   
318
   
2,861
   
4,160
   
1,930
 
Ending Balance 
$
9,541
  
$
9,660
  
$
10,111
  
$
9,448
  
$
8,245
 
                     
Selected loan loss statistics                    
Loans (net of unearned income):                    
End of period balance 
$
836,300
  
$
747,865
  
$
774,009
  
$
738,540
  
$
603,882
 
Average balance 
$
834,247
  
$
757,677
  
$
768,960
  
$
673,015
  
$
585,206
 
                     
Net charge-offs to average total loans  
0.13
%
  
0.10
%
  
0.29
%
  
0.44
%
  
0.24
%
Provision for loan losses to average total loans  
0.12
%
  
0.04
%
  
0.37
%
  
0.62
%
  
0.33
%
Provision for loan losses to net charge-offs  
89.37
%
  
41.35
%
  
130.16
%
  
140.68
%
  
135.63
%
Allowance for loan losses to period end loans  
1.14
%
  
1.29
%
  
1.31
%
  
1.28
%
  
1.37
%
Earnings to loan loss coverage (2)  
6.18
   
12.04
   
3.67
   
1.36
   
4.14
 
Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans  
487.28
%
  
135.52
%
  
69.07
%
  
58.81
%
  
82.10
%

(1)losses represents an amount that, in management’s judgement, will be adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio.  The real estate-mortgage segment included residential 1-4 family,second mortgages and equity lines of credit.
(2) Income before taxes plus provision for loan losses divided byincrease the allowance and loans charged-off, net charge-offs.of recoveries, reduce the allowance.  The following table presents the Company’s loan loss experience for the periods indicated:


36TABLE 8: ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

For the Year ended December 31, 2021 
(Dollars in thousands) 
Commercial
and Industrial
  
Real Estate
Construction
  
Real Estate -
Mortgage (1)
  
Real Estate -
Commercial
  Consumer  Other  Unallocated  Total 
Allowance for loan losses:                        
Balance, beginning 
$
650
  
$
339
  
$
2,560
  
$
4,434
  
$
1,302
  
$
123
  
$
133
  
$
9,541
 
Charge-offs  
(27
)
  
-
   
(14
)
  
-
   
(800
)
  
(278
)
  
-
   
(1,119
)
Recoveries  
41
   
-
   
76
   
44
   
390
   
98
   
-
   
649
 
Provision for loan losses  
19
   
120
   
(232
)
  
309
   
470
   
241
   
(133
)
  
794
 
Ending Balance 
$
683
  
$
459
  
$
2,390
  
$
4,787
  
$
1,362
  
$
184  
$
-
  
$
9,865
 
                                 
Average loans  
101,016
   
52,811
   
199,904
   
356,643
   
117,343
   
7,911
       
835,628
 
Ratio of net charge-offs to average loans

-0.01
%
  
0.00
%
  
-0.03
%
  
-0.01
%
  
0.35
%
  
2.28
%
      
0.06
%
For the Year ended December 31, 2020 
(Dollars in thousands) 
Commercial and
Industrial
  
Real Estate
Construction
  
Real Estate -
Mortgage (1)
  
Real Estate -
Commercial
  Consumer  Other  Unallocated  Total 
Allowance for loan losses:                        
Balance, beginning 
$
1,244
  
$
258
  
$
2,505
  
$
3,663
  
$
1,694
  
$
296
  
$
-
  
$
9,660
 
Charge-offs  
(25
)
  
-
   
(149
)
  
(654
)
  
(822
)
  
(355
)
  
-
   
(2,005
)
Recoveries  
47
   
10
   
69
   
317
   
377
   
66
   
-
   
886
 
Provision for loan losses  
(616
)
  
71
   
135
   
1,108
   
53
   
116
   
133
   
1,000
 
Ending Balance 
$
650
  
$
339
  
$
2,560
  
$
4,434
  
$
1,302
  
$
123
  
$
133
  
$
9,541
 
                                 
Average loans  
140,818
   
40,967
   
209,102
   
301,563
   
123,694
   
10,337
       
826,481
 
Ratio of net charge-offs to average loans  
-0.02
%
  
-0.02
%
  
0.04
%
  
0.11
%
  
0.36
%
  
2.80
%
      
0.14
%
Index
(1)
The real estate-mortgage segment included residential 1-4 family, multi-family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit.

The following table shows the amount of the allowance for loan losses allocated to each category and the ratio of corresponding outstanding loan balances at December 31 of the years presented. Although the allowance for loan losses is allocated into these categories, the entire allowance for loan losses is available to cover loan losses in any category.


TABLE VIII
9: ALLOCATION OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

 As of December 31,  As of December 31, 
 2020  2019 2018 2017 2016  2021  2020 
(Dollars in thousands) Amount  
Percent of
Loans to
Total
Loans
  Amount  
Percent of
Loans to
Total
Loans
  Amount  
Percent of
Loans to
Total
Loans
  Amount  
Percent of
Loans to
Total
Loans
  Amount  
Percent of
Loans to
Total
Loans
  Amount  
Percent of
Loans to
Total
Loans
  Amount  
Percent of
Loans to
Total
Loans
 
Commercial and industrial 
$
650
 
16.95
%
 
$
1,244
 
10.08
%
 
$
2,340
 
8.19
%
 
$
1,889
 
8.18
%
 
$
1,493
 
9.16
%
 
$
698
 
8.14
%
 
$
650
 
16.95
%
Real estate-construction 
339
 
5.23
%
 
258
 
5.44
%
 
156
 
4.18
%
 
541
 
3.72
%
 
846
 
3.83
%
 
459
 
6.93
%
 
339
 
5.23
%
Real estate-mortgage (1) 
2,560
 
24.82
%
 
2,505
 
28.17
%
 
2,497
 
27.64
%
 
2,779
 
23.77
%
 
2,656
 
26.98
%
 
2,390
 
24.46
%
 
2,560
 
24.82
%
Real estate-commercial 
4,434
 
37.89
%
 
3,663
 
37.11
%
 
3,459
 
37.02
%
 
2,438
 
39.22
%
 
2,611
 
47.27
%
 
4,787
 
45.36
%
 
4,434
 
37.89
%
Consumer 
1,302
 
14.15
%
 
1,694
 
18.32
%
 
1,354
 
21.85
%
 
1,644
 
23.59
%
 
455
 
9.61
%
 
1,362
 
14.04
%
 
1,302
 
14.15
%
Other 
123
 
0.96
%
 
296
 
0.88
%
 
305
 
1.12
%
 
157
 
1.52
%
 
184
 
3.15
%
 
169
 
1.07
%
 
123
 
0.96
%
Unallocated  
133
  
0.00
%
  
-
  
-
  
-
  
-
  
-
  
-
  
-
  
-
   
-
  
-

  
133
  
-
 
Ending Balance 
$
9,541
 
100.00
%
 
$
9,660
 
100.00
%
 
$
10,111
 
100.00
%
 
$
9,448
 
100.00
%
 
$
8,245
 
100.00
%
 
$
9,865
 
100.00
%
 
$
9,541
 
100.00
%
(1) The real estate-mortgage segment included residential 1-4 family, multi-family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit.
(1)
The real estate-mortgage segment included residential 1-4 family, multi-family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit.

For the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, there was a decrease in the allowance for loan losses due to improving asset quality trends and historical loss rates as well as resolution of non-performing loans. The change in the allowance was distributed among the loan segments based on the composition of loans in each segment.


Deposits
The following table shows the average balances and average rates paid on deposits for the periods presented.


TABLE IX
10: DEPOSITS

 Years ended December 31,  Years ended December 31, 
 2020 2019 2018  2021 2020 2019 
(Dollars in thousands) 
Average
Balance
 
Average
Rate
 
Average
Balance
 
Average
Rate
 
Average
Balance
 
Average
Rate
   
Average
Balance
  
Average
Rate
  
Average
Balance
  
Average
Rate
  
Average
Balance
  
Average
Rate
  
Interest-bearing transaction 
$
55,667
 
0.02
%
 
$
32,603
 
0.03
%
 
$
28,246
 
0.04
%
 
$
71,841
 
0.02
%
 
$
55,667
 
0.02
%
 
$
32,603
 
0.03
%
Money market 
307,190
 
0.33
%
 
257,884
 
0.40
%
 
242,025
 
0.22
%
 
372,193
 
0.24
%
 
307,190
 
0.33
%
 
257,884
 
0.40
%
Savings 
96,149
 
0.06
%
 
86,787
 
0.10
%
 
87,534
 
0.09
%
 
114,285
 
0.04
%
 
96,149
 
0.06
%
 
86,787
 
0.10
%
Time deposits 
209,727
 
1.59
%
 
231,774
 
1.66
%
 
228,800
 
1.27
%
 
180,255
 
1.08
%
 
209,727
 
1.59
%
 
231,774
 
1.66
%
Total interest bearing 
668,733
 
0.66
%
 
609,048
 
0.82
%
 
586,605
 
0.60
%
 
738,574
 
0.39
%
 
668,733
 
0.66
%
 
609,048
 
0.82
%
Demand 
325,596
   
245,518
   
236,249
    
391,673
   
325,596
   
245,518
   
Total deposits 
$
994,329
    
$
854,566
    
$
822,854
     
$
1,130,247
    
$
994,329
    
$
854,566
    


The Company’s average total deposits were $994.3 million$1.1 billion for the year ended December 31, 2020,2021, an increase of $139.8$135.9 million or 16.35%13.7% from average total deposits for the year ended December 31, 2019.2020. Demand deposit and money market account categories had the largest increases, totaling $80.1$66.1 million and $49.3$65.0 million, respectively. Average time deposits, which is the Company’s most expensive deposit category, decreased by a total of $22.0$29.5 million as seen in the table above. The average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits by the Company in 20202021 was 0.66%0.39% compared to 0.82%0.66% in 2019.2020.


The impact of government stimulus, PPP loan related deposits, and higher levels of consumer savings were primary drivers of the increase in total deposits. The Company remains focused on increasing lower-cost deposits by actively targeting new noninterest-bearing deposits and savings deposits.


As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the estimated amounts of total uninsured deposits were $271.7 million and $209.5 million, respectively.  The following table shows maturities of the estimated amounts of uninsured time deposits in amountsat December 31, 2021.  The estimate of $100 thousand or more by time remaining until maturity atuninsured deposits generally represents the dates presented.portion of deposit accounts that exceed the FDIC insurance limit of $250,000 and is calculated based on the same methodologies and assumptions used for purposes of the Bank’s regulatory reporting requirements.


TABLE XI
11: MATURITIES OF UNINSURED TIME DEPOSITS OF $100,000 OR MORE

 As of December 31,  As of December 31, 
(dollars in thousands) 2020 2019  2021 2020 
Maturing in:          
Within 3 months 
$
26,494
 
$
19,121
  
$
17,994
 
$
15,916
 
4 through 6 months 
12,391
 
8,699
  
2,330
 
2,934
 
7 through 12 months 
20,751
 
25,820
  
9,476
 
6,348
 
Greater than 12 months 
46,672
 
75,689
  
10,123
 
19,177
 
 
$
106,308
 
$
129,329
  
$
39,923
 
$
44,375
 

Capital Resources
Total stockholders’stockholders' equity as of December 31, 20202021 was $117.1$120.8 million, up 6.70%3.1% from $109.8$117.1 million on December 31, 20192020 as the result of increased retained earnings and the reversal of thepartially offset by net unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the consolidated balance sheets. The improvementchange in the unrealized gain/loss position was driven by changes in market rates and shift in portfolio composition.


The assessment of capital adequacy depends on such factors as asset quality, liquidity, earnings performance, and changing competitive conditions and economic forces. The adequacy of the Company’s and the Bank’s capital is regularly reviewed. The Company targets regulatory capital levels that will assure an adequate level of capital to support anticipated asset growth and to absorb potential losses. While the Company will continue to look for opportunities to invest capital in profitable growth, the Company will also consider investing capital in other transactions, such as share repurchases, that facilitate improving shareholder return, as measured by ROE and earnings per share.

The Bank’s capital position remains strong as evidenced by the regulatory capital measurements. Under the banking regulations, Total Capital is composed of core capital (Tier 1) and supplemental capital (Tier 2). Tier 1 capital consists of common stockholders’stockholders' equity less goodwill. Tier 2 capital consists of certain qualifying debt and a qualifying portion of the allowance for loan losses.


In June 2013, the federal bank regulatory agencies adopted the Basel III Capital Rules (i) to implement the Basel III capital framework and (ii) for calculating risk-weighted assets. These rules became effective January 1, 2015, subject to limited phase-in periods. The EGRRCPA, enacted in May 2018, required action by the FRB to expand the applicability of its small bank holding company policy statement,Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement, which, among other things, exempts certain bank holding companies from reporting consolidated regulatory capital ratios and from minimum regulatory capital requirements that apply to other bank holding companies. In August 2018, the FRB issued an interim final rule provisionally expanding the applicability of the small bank holding company policy statement to bank holding companies with consolidated total assets of less than $3 billion.  The statement previously applied only to bank holding companies with consolidated total assets of less than $1 billion. As a result of the interim final rule, which was effective upon its issuance, the Company expects that it will be treated as a small bank holding company and will no longernot be subject to regulatory capital requirements.  For an overview of the Basel III Capital Rules and the EGRRCPA, refer to “Regulation and Supervision” included in Item 1, “Business” of this report on Form 10-K.


On September 17, 2019 the FDIC finalized a rule that introduces an optional simplified measure of capital adequacy for qualifying community banking organizations (i.e., the community bank leverage ratio (CBLR) framework), as required by the EGRRCPA. The CBLR framework is designed to reduce burden by removing the requirements for calculating and reporting risk-based capital ratios for qualifying community banking organizations that opt into the framework.


In order to qualify for the CBLR framework, a community banking organization must have a Tier 1 leverage ratio of greater than 9%, less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, and limited amounts of off-balance-sheet exposures and trading assets and liabilities. A qualifying community banking organization that opts into the CBLR framework and meets all requirements under the framework will be considered to have met the well-capitalized ratio requirements under the Prompt Corrective Action regulations and will not be required to report or calculate risk-based capital. The CBLR framework was available for banks to begin using in their March 31, 2020, Call Report. The Bank did not opt into the CBLR framework.


The following is a summary of the Bank’s capital ratios for the past two years. As shown below, these ratios were all well above the recommended regulatory minimum levels.


  
2020
Regulatory
Minimums
  December 31, 2020  
2019
Regulatory
Minimums
  December 31, 2019 
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets  
4.500
%
  
11.69
%
  
4.500
%
  
11.73
%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets  
6.000
%
  
11.69
%
  
6.000
%
  
11.73
%
Tier 1 Leverage to Average Assets  
4.000
%
  
8.56
%
  
4.000
%
  
9.73
%
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets  
8.000
%
  
12.77
%
  
8.000
%
  
12.86
%
Capital Conservation Buffer  
2.500
%
  
4.77
%
  
2.500
%
  
4.86
%
Risk-Weighted Assets (in thousands)     
$
890,091
      
$
863,905
 

TABLE 12: REGULATORY CAPITAL
      
2021
Regulatory
Minimums
        December 31, 2021      
2020
Regulatory
Minimums
        December 31, 2020   
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets  
4.500
%
  
12.57
%
  
4.500
%
  
11.69
%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets  
6.000
%
  
12.57
%
  
6.000
%
  
11.69
%
Tier 1 Leverage to Average Assets  
4.000
%
  
9.09
%
  
4.000
%
  
8.56
%
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets  
8.000
%
  
13.61
%
  
8.000
%
  
12.77
%
Capital Conservation Buffer  
2.500
%
  
5.61
%
  
2.500
%
  
4.77
%
Risk-Weighted Assets (in thousands)     
$
952,218
      
$
890,091
 

On July 14, 2021, the Company issued $30.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.50% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2031 (the Notes) in a private placement transaction.  The Notes initially bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.50% for five years and convert to three month SOFR plus 286 basis points, resetting quarterly, thereafter.  The Notes were structured to qualify as Tier 2 capital for regulatory purposes and are included in the Company’s Tier 2 capital as of December 31, 2021.

Effective October 19, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program. The Company is authorized pursuant to this program to repurchase up to 10% of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock through November 30, 2022. Repurchases under the program may be made through privately negotiated transactions or open market transactions, including pursuant to a trading plan in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 and/or Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and shares repurchased will be returned to the status of authorized and unissued shares of common stock. The timing, number and purchase price of shares repurchased under the program, if any, will be determined by management in its discretion and will depend on a number of factors, including the market price of the shares as a percentage of tangible book value, general market and economic conditions, applicable legal requirements and other conditions, and there is no assurance that the Company will purchase any shares under the program. The Company repurchased 6,600 shares of the Company’s common stock at an aggregate cost of $150,000 under this plan during 2021. During the first quarter of 2022, approximately 111,000 shares were repurchased by the Company under this plan.

Year-end book value per share was $22.53$23.06 in 20202021 and $21.11$22.42 in 2019.2020. The common stock of the Company has not been extensively traded. The stock is quoted on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “OPOF.” There were 1,6111,568 stockholders of record of the Company as of March 15, 2021.2022. This stockholder count does not include stockholders who hold their stock in a nominee registration.


Liquidity
Liquidity is the ability of the Company to meet present and future financial obligations through either the sale or maturity of existing assets or the acquisition of additional funds through liability management. Liquid assets include cash, interest-bearing deposits with banks, federal funds sold, investments in securities and loans maturing within one year.


The Company’s major source of liquidity is its large, stable deposit base. In addition, secondary liquidity sources are available through the use of borrowed funds if the need should arise, including secured advances from the FHLB and FRB. As of December 31, 2020,2021, the Company had $374.7$391.3 million in FHLB borrowing availability. The Company believes that the availability at the FHLB is sufficient to meet future cash-flow needs. As of year-end 20202021 and 2019,2020, the Company had $100.0$115.0 million and $55.0$100.0 million available in federal funds lines of credit to address any short-term borrowing needs, respectively.

As a result of the Company’s management of liquid assets, the availability of borrowed funds and the ability to generate liquidity through liability funding, management believes that the Company maintains overall liquidity sufficient to satisfy its depositors’ requirements and to meet its customers’ future borrowing needs.


Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company’s ability to maintain sufficient liquidity may be affected by numerous factors, including economic conditions nationally and in the Company’s markets. Depending on its liquidity levels, its capital position, conditions in the capital markets and other factors, the Company may from time to time consider the issuance of debt, equity, other securities or other possible capital markets transactions, the proceeds of which could provide additional liquidity for the Company’s operations.


The following table sets forth information relating to the Company’s sources of liquidity and the outstanding commitments for use of liquidity at December 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019.2020. Dividing the total short-term sources of liquidity by the outstanding commitments for use of liquidity derives the liquidity coverage ratio.


  December 31, 
  2020  2019 
(dollars in thousands) Total  In Use  Available  Total  In Use  Available 
Sources:                  
Federal funds lines of credit 
$
100,000
  
$
-
  
$
100,000
  
$
55,000
  
$
-
  
$
55,000
 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances  
374,743
   
-
   
374,743
   
313,275
   
37,000
   
276,275
 
Federal funds sold & balances at the Federal Reserve          
93,727
           
50,665
 
Securities, available for sale and unpledged at fair value          
112,229
           
71,712
 
Total short-term funding sources         
$
680,699
          
$
453,652
 
                         
Uses: (1)
                        
Unfunded loan commitments and available lending lines of credit
          
71,742
           
66,986
 
Letters of credit          
1,452
           
2,317
 
Total potential short-term funding uses          
73,194
           
69,303
 
Liquidity coverage ratio          
930.0
%
          
654.6
%
TABLE 13: LIQUIDITY SOURCES AND USES
  December 31, 
  2021  2020 
(dollars in thousands) Total  In Use  Available  Total  In Use  Available 
Sources:                  
Federal funds lines of credit 
$
115,000
  
$
-
  
$
115,000
  
$
100,000
  
$
-
  
$
100,000
 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances  
391,287
   
-
   
391,287
   
374,743
   
-
   
374,743
 
Federal funds sold & balances at the Federal Reserve          
159,346
           
93,727
 
Securities, available for sale and unpledged at fair value          
172,562
           
112,229
 
Total short-term funding sources         
$
838,195
          
$
680,699
 
                         
Uses: (1)
                        
Unfunded loan commitments and lending lines of credit          
69,215
           
71,742
 
Letters of credit          
1,085
           
1,452
 
Total potential short-term funding uses          
70,300
           
73,194
 
Liquidity coverage ratio          
1192.3
%
          
930.0
%
(1) Represents partial draw levels based on loan segment.


The fair value of unpledged available-for-sale securities increased from December 31, 20192020 to December 31, 20202021 primarily due to an increase in the securities portfolio.


Management is not aware of any market or institutional trends, events or uncertainties, other than potential impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, that are expected to have a material effect on the liquidity, capital resources or operations of the Company. Nor is management aware of any current recommendations by regulatory authorities that would have a material effect on liquidity or operations. The Company’s internal sources of liquidity are deposits, loan and investment repayments and securities available-for-sale. The Company’s primary external source of liquidity is advances from the FHLB.


The Company’s operating activities used $8.6provided $23.2 million of cash during the year ended December 31, 2020,2021, compared to $12.3$8.6 million providedused during 2019.2020.  The Company’s investing activities used $60.7 million of cash during 2021, compared to $122.2 million of cash used during 2020, compared to $29.2 million provided during 2019.2020. The Company’s financing activities provided $161.4$105.0 million of cash during 20202021 compared to $6.1$161.4 million of cash provided during 2019.2020.


EffectsIn the ordinary course of Inflationbusiness, the Company has entered into contractual obligations and has made other commitments to make future payments. For further information concerning the Company’s expected timing of such payments as of December 31, 2021, refer to Note 7, Leases, Note 10, Borrowings, and Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report on Form 10-K.
Management believes changes
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
To meet the financing needs of customers, the Company is a party, in the normal course of business, to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commitments to sell loans and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve elements of credit and interest rates affectrate risk in addition to the amount on the balance sheet. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial conditioninstrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit written is represented by the contractual amount of these instruments. The same credit policies are used in making these commitments and conditional obligations as used for on-balance-sheet instruments. Collateral is obtained based on the credit assessment of the Company, and other financial institutions,customer in each circumstance.

Loan commitments are agreements to extend credit to a far greater degree than changes incustomer provided that there are no violations of the inflation rate. While interest rates are greatly influencedterms of the contract prior to funding. Commitments have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee by changes in the inflation rate, theycustomer. Since many of the commitments may expire without being completely drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily changerepresent future cash requirements. The total amount of unused loan commitments at the same rate or in the same magnitude as the inflation rate. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond the control of the Company, including changes in the expected rate of inflation, the influence of general and local economic conditions and the monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, its agencies and various other governmental regulatory authorities.

Management believes that the key to achieving satisfactory performance in an inflationary environment is the Company’s ability to maintain or improve its net interest margin and to generate additional fee income. The Company’s policy of investing in and funding with interest-sensitive assets and liabilities is intended to reduce the risks inherent in a volatile inflationary economy.

Off-Balance Sheet Lending Related Commitments
The Company had $151.6Bank was $167.1 million in consumer and commercial commitments at December 31, 2020. As of the same date, the Company also had $4.82021, and $151.6 million inat December 31, 2020.

Standby letters of credit are written conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that the Company will fund if certain future events occur. It is expected that only a portioninvolved in extending loans to customers. The total contract amount of these commitments will ever actually be funded.standby letters of credit was $3.6 million at December 31, 2021 and $4.8 million at December 31, 2020.


Management believes that the Company has the liquidity and capital resources to handle these commitments in the normal course of business. See Note 15 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report on Form 10-K.


Contractual ObligationsRECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
InRecent accounting pronouncements affecting the normal courseCorporation are described in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” under the heading “Note 1: Summary of business, there are various outstanding contractual obligations of the Company that will require future cash outflows. In addition, there are commitments and contingent liabilities, such as commitments to extend credit, which may or may not require future cash outflows. The following table provides the Company’s contractual obligations as of December 31, 2020:Significant Accounting Policies-Recent Significant Accounting Pronouncements.”

Payments due by period 
(dollars in thousands) Total  
Less
Than 1
Year
  
1-3
Years
  
3-5
Years
  
More
Than 5
Years
 
Contractual Obligations               
Short-Term Debt Obligations 
$
6,619
  
$
6,619
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
-
 
Long-Term Debt Obligations  
29,900
   
600
   
29,150
   
150
   - 
Operating Lease Obligations  
1,488
   
352
   
587
   
549
   
-
 
Total contractual cash obligations excluding deposits  38,007   7,571   29,737   699   - 
Deposits  
1,067,236
   
985,095
   
65,393
   
16,748
   - 
Total $1,105,243  $992,666  $95,130  $17,447  $- 

Short-term debt obligations include federal funds purchased, overnight repurchase agreements and Federal Home Loan Bank advances maturing within a year of origination. Long-term debt obligations consist of FRB borrowings under PPPLF with original maturities greater than one year.


Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In reporting the results of the year ended December 31, 2020,2021, the Company has provided supplemental financial measures on a tax-equivalent or an adjusted basis. These non-GAAP financial measures are a supplement to GAAP, which is used to prepare the Company’s financial statements, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. In addition, the Company’s non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to non-GAAP financial measures of other companies. The Company uses the non-GAAP financial measures discussed herein in its analysis of the Company’s performance. The Company’s management believes that these non-GAAP financial measures provide additional understanding of ongoing operations and enhance comparability of results of operations with prior periods presented without the impact of items or events that may obscure trends in the Company’s underlying performance.  A reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures used by the Company to evaluate and measure the Company’s performance to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures is presented below.


4039

TABLE 14: Non-GAAP FINACIAL MEASURES
  Years Ended December 31, 
(dollar in thousands, except per share data) 2021  2020 
Fully Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income      
Net interest income (GAAP) 
$
38,794
  
$
34,717
 
FTE adjustment  
248
   
187
 
Net interest income (FTE) (non-GAAP) 
$
39,042
  
$
34,904
 
Noninterest income (GAAP)  
14,885
   
14,698
 
Total revenue (FTE) (non-GAAP) 
$
53,927
  
$
49,602
 
Noninterest expense (GAAP)  
43,149
   
42,505
 
         
Average earning assets 
$
1,197,028
  
$
1,092,567
 
Net interest margin  
3.24
%
  
3.18
%
Net interest margin (FTE) (non-GAAP)  
3.26
%
  
3.19
%
         
Tangible Book Value Per Share        
Total Stockholders Equity (GAAP) 
$
120,818
  
$
117,145
 
Less goodwill  
1,650
   
1,650
 
Less core deposit intangible  
275
   
319
 
Tangible Stockholders Equity (non-GAAP) 
$
118,893
  
$
115,176
 
         
Shares issued and outstanding  
5,239,707
   
5,224,019
 
         
Book value per share 
$
23.06
  
$
22.42
 
Tangible book value per share 
$
22.69
  
$
22.05
 
         
ALLL as a Percentage of Loans Held for Investment        
Loans held for investment  (net of deferred fees and costs) (GAAP) 
$
843,526
  
$
836,300
 
Less PPP originations  
19,008
   
85,983
 
Loans held for investment, (net of deferred fees and costs), excluding PPP (non-GAAP) 
$
824,518
  
$
750,317
 
         
ALLL 
$
9,865
  
$
9,541
 
         
ALLL as a Percentage of Loans Held for Investment  
1.17
%
  
1.14
%
ALLL as a Percentage of Loans Held for Investment, net of PPP originations  
1.20
%
  
1.27
%

Index
  Years Ended December 31, 
(dollar in thousands, except per share data) 2020  2019 
Fully Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income      
Net interest income (GAAP) 
$
34,717
  
$
33,819
 
FTE adjustment  
187
   
253
 
Net interest income (FTE) (non-GAAP) 
$
34,904
  
$
34,072
 
Noninterest income (GAAP)  
14,698
   
14,077
 
Total revenue (FTE) (non-GAAP) 
$
49,602
  
$
48,149
 
Noninterest expense (GAAP)  
42,505
   
38,638
 
         
Average earning assets 
$
1,092,567
  
$
943,654
 
Net interest margin  
3.18
%
  
3.58
%
Net interest margin (FTE)  
3.19
%
  
3.61
%
         
Efficiency ratio  
86.02
%
  
80.67
%
Efficiency ratio (FTE)  
85.69
%
  
80.25
%
         
ALLL as a Percentage of Loans Held for Investment        
Loans held for investment  (net of deferred fees and costs) (GAAP) 
$
836,300
  
$
871,890
 
Less PPP originations  
85,983
   
102,489
 
Loans held for investment, (net of deferred fees and costs), excluding PPP (non-GAAP) 
$
750,317
  
$
769,401
 
         
ALLL 
$
9,541
  
$
9,920
 
         
ALLL as a Percentage of Loans Held for Investment  
1.14
%
  
1.14
%
ALLL as a Percentage of Loans Held for Investment, net of PPP originations  
1.27
%
  
1.29
%

Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk


Not required.


Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data


The Consolidated Financial Statements and related footnotes of the Company are presented below followed by the financial statements of the Parent.


4140

Index
Index

graphic
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors
Old Point Financial Corporation

Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Old Point Financial Corporation and Subsidiariesits subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, and the results of theirits operations and theirits cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit.audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our auditaudits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit mattersmatter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.


Allowance for Loan Losses – Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment – Qualitative Adjustment Factors


Description of the Matter
As described in Note 1 (Significant Accounting Policies) and Note 4 (Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses) to the financial statements, the Company’s allowance for loan losses is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged against earnings.  The Company’s allowance for loan losses has three basic components, an allocated component and two general components. At December 31, 2020,2021, the allocated component amounted to $11,000$128,000 of the total allowance for loan losses of $9,541,000.$9,865,000. The remaining $9,530,000$9,737,000 was comprised of two general components: (1) a historical loss component amounting to $2,539,000$1,846,000 and (2) a qualitative adjustment factor component amounting to $6,991,000.$7,891,000. For loans that are not specifically identified for impairment, the general allowance uses historical loss experience along with various qualitative factors to develop adjusted loss factors for each loan segment.  The qualitative adjustment factors to the historical loss experience are established by applying an allocation to the loan segments identified by management based on their assessment of shared risk characteristics within groups of similar loans in addition to their historical loss experience calculated using a migration analysis. Qualitative adjustment factors are determined based on management’s continuing evaluation of inputs and assumptions underlying the quality of the loan portfolio. Management evaluates qualitative factors, primarily considering national, regional and local economic trends and business conditions; concentrations of credit; trends in delinquencies, nonaccrual loans, and classified loans; trends in nature and volume of loans; trends in collateral values for collateral dependent loans, underwriting standards, and lending policies; experience of lending officers, management and other staff; changes in loan review systemssystems; and other external competitive pressures, legal and regulatory factors.

Management exercised significant judgment when assessing the qualitative adjustment factors in estimating the allowance for loan losses. We identified the assessment of the qualitative adjustment factors as a critical audit matter as auditing the qualitative adjustment factors involved especially complex and subjective auditor judgment in evaluating management’s assessment of the inherently subjective estimates.


How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
The primary audit procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:
Obtaining an understanding of controls over the evaluation of qualitative factors, including management's development and review of the data inputs used as the basis for the allocation factors and management's review and approval of the reasonableness of the assumptions used to develop the qualitative adjustments
Substantively testing management’s process, including evaluating their judgments and assumptions for developing the qualitative factors, which included:
Evaluating the completeness and accuracy of data inputs used as a basis for the qualitative adjustment factors.
Evaluating the reasonableness of management’s judgments related to the determination of qualitative adjustment factors.
Evaluating the qualitative adjustment factors for directional consistency and for reasonableness.
Testing the mathematical accuracy of the allowance calculation, including the application of the qualitative adjustment factors.

/s/ Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C.
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2004.

Richmond, Virginia
March 30, 202131, 2022
43
Old Point Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
 December 31,  December 31,
  December 31, 
(dollars in thousands, except share data) 2020 2019  2021
  2020
 
     
Assets           
           
Cash and due from banks 
$
21,799
 
$
37,280
  
$
13,424
  
$
21,799
 
Interest-bearing due from banks 
98,633
 
48,610
   
164,073
   
98,633
 
Federal funds sold  
5
  
3,975
   
10,425
   
5
 
Cash and cash equivalents 
120,437
 
89,865
   
187,922
   
120,437
 
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value 
186,409
 
145,715
   
234,321
   
186,409
 
Restricted securities, at cost 
1,367
 
2,926
   
1,034
   
1,367
 
Loans held for sale 
14,413
 
590
   
3,287
   
14,413
 
Loans, net 
826,759
 
738,205
   
833,661
   
826,759
 
Premises and equipment, net 
33,613
 
35,312
   
32,134
   
33,613
 
Premises and equipment, held for sale 
-
 
907
   
871
   
0
 
Bank-owned life insurance 
28,386
 
27,547
   
28,168
   
28,386
 
Goodwill 
1,650
 
1,650
   
1,650
   
1,650
 
Core deposit intangible, net 
319
 
363
   
275
   
319
 
Other assets 
12,838
 
11,408
   
14,832
   
12,838
 
Total assets 
$
1,226,191
 
$
1,054,488
  
$
1,338,155
  
$
1,226,191
 
             
Liabilities & Stockholders’ Equity             
             
Deposits:             
Noninterest-bearing deposits 
$
360,602
 
$
262,558
  
$
421,531
  
$
360,602
 
Savings deposits 
512,936
 
399,020
   
586,450
   
512,936
 
Time deposits 
193,698
 
227,918
   
169,118
   
193,698
 
Total deposits 
1,067,236
 
889,496
   
1,177,099
   
1,067,236
 
Overnight repurchase agreements 
6,619
 
11,452
   
4,536
   
6,619
 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 
-
 
37,000
 
Federal Reserve Bank borrowings 
28,550
 
-
   
480
   
28,550
 
Other borrowings 
1,350
 
1,950
 
Long term borrowings  
29,407
   
1,350
 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 
5,291
 
4,834
   
5,815
   
5,291
 
Total liabilities 
1,109,046
 
944,732
   
1,217,337
   
1,109,046
 
             
Stockholders’ equity:             
Common stock, $5 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; 5,224,019 and 5,200,038 shares outstanding (includes 29,576 and 19,933 of nonvested restricted stock, respectively) 
25,972
 
25,901
 
Common stock, $5 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; 5,239,707 and 5,224,019 shares outstanding (includes 38,435 and 29,576 of nonvested restricted stock, respectively)
  
26,006
   
25,972
 
Additional paid-in capital 
21,245
 
20,959
   
21,458
   
21,245
 
Retained earnings 
65,859
 
62,975
   
71,679
   
65,859
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net  
4,069
  
(79
)
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net  
1,675
   
4,069
Total stockholders’ equity 
117,145
 
109,756
   
120,818
   
117,145
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 
$
1,226,191
 
$
1,054,488
  
$
1,338,155
  
$
1,226,191
 


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


Old Point Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income


 
Years Ended
December 31
  
Years Ended
December 31,
 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 2020 2019  2021
  2020
 
Interest and Dividend Income:           
Loans, including fees 
$
36,012
 
$
35,718
  
$
37,912
  
$
36,012
 
Due from banks 
267
 
689
   
230
   
267
 
Federal funds sold 
12
 
31
   
3
   
12
 
Securities:             
Taxable 
3,068
 
2,827
   
3,284
   
3,068
 
Tax-exempt 
516
 
755
   
753
   
516
 
Dividends and interest on all other securities  
134
  
221
   
70
   
134
 
Total interest and dividend income 
40,009
 
40,241
   
42,252
   
40,009
 
             
Interest Expense:             
Checking and savings deposits 
1,080
 
1,136
   
938
   
1,080
 
Time deposits 
3,337
 
3,845
   
1,941
   
3,337
 
Federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings
 
150
 
132
   
35
   
150
 
Long term borrowings  544   0 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 
725
 
1,309
   
0
   
725
 
Total interest expense  
5,292
  
6,422
   
3,458
   
5,292
 
Net interest income 
34,717
 
33,819
   
38,794
   
34,717
 
Provision for loan losses  
1,000
  
318
   
794
   
1,000
 
Net interest income after provision for loan losses 
33,717
 
33,501
   
38,000
   
33,717
 
             
Noninterest Income:             
Fiduciary and asset management fees 
3,877
 
3,850
   
4,198
   
3,877
 
Service charges on deposit accounts 
2,872
 
4,085
   
2,866
   
2,872
 
Other service charges, commissions and fees 
4,028
 
3,925
   
4,169
   
4,028
 
Bank-owned life insurance income 
839
 
784
   
1,014
   
839
 
Mortgage banking income 
1,781
 
884
   
2,280
   
1,781
 
Gain on sale of available-for-sale securities, net 
264
 
314
   
0
   
264
 
Gain(loss) on sale of fixed assets 
818
 
-
 
Gain on sale of fixed assets  
0
   
818
 
Other operating income 
219
 
235
   
358
   
219
 
Total noninterest income 
14,698
 
14,077
   
14,885
   
14,698
 
             
Noninterest Expense:             
Salaries and employee benefits 
25,512
 
24,024
   
25,361
   
25,512
 
Occupancy and equipment 
4,852
 
5,628
   
4,694
   
4,852
 
Data processing 
3,478
 
1,798
   
4,557
   
3,478
 
Customer development 
381
 
552
   
370
   
381
 
Professional services 
2,196
 
2,311
   
2,521
   
2,196
 
Employee professional development 
658
 
791
   
719
   
658
 
Other taxes 
661
 
592
   
794
   
661
 
ATM and other losses 
871
 
291
   
504
   
871
 
Loss on extinguishment of borrowings 
490
 
-
   
0
   
490
 
(Gain) on other real estate owned 
(62
)
 
(2
)
  
0
  
(62
)
Loss on sale of loans 
99
 
-
   
0
   
99
 
Other operating expenses  
3,369
  
2,653
   
3,629
   
3,369
 
Total noninterest expense 
42,505
 
38,638
   
43,149
   
42,505
 
Income before income taxes 
5,910
 
8,940
   
9,736
   
5,910
 
Income tax expense 
521
 
1,080
   
1,296
   
521
 
Net income 
$
5,389
 
$
7,860
  
$
8,440
  
$
5,389
 
             
Basic Earnings per Share:             
Weighted average shares outstanding 
5,216,237
 
5,196,812
   
5,238,318
   
5,216,237
 
Net income per share of common stock 
$
1.03
 
$
1.51
  
$
1.61
  
$
1.03
 
             
Diluted Earnings per Share:             
Weighted average shares outstanding 
5,216,441
 
5,196,853
   
5,238,352
   
5,216,441
 
Net income per share of common stock 
$
1.03
 
$
1.51
  
$
1.61
  
$
1.03
 


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


Old Point Financial Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income



 
Years Ended
December 31,
 
(unaudited, dollars in thousands) 2020  2019 
       
Net income 
$
5,389
  
$
7,860
 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax        
Net unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities  
4,357
   
2,325
 
Reclassification for gain included in net income  
(209
)
  
(248
)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax  
4,148
   
2,077
 
Comprehensive income 
$
9,537
  
$
9,937
 

 
Years Ended
December 31,
 
(dollars in thousands) 2021
  2020
 
       
Net income 
$
8,440
  
$
5,389
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax        
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities  
(2,394
)
  
4,357
 
Reclassification for gain included in net income  
0
   
(209
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax  
(2,394
)
  
4,148
 
Comprehensive income 
$
6,046
  
$
9,537
 


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


Old Point Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity


(dollars in thousands, except share and per share data) 
Shares of
Common
Stock
 
Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 Total  
Shares of
Common
Stock
  
Common
Stock
  
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
  
Retained
Earnings
  
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
  Total 
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021             
                  
Balance at December 31, 2020
  
5,194,443
  
$
25,972
  
$
21,245
  
$
65,859
  
$
4,069
  
$
117,145
 
Net income  
-
   
0
   
0
   
8,440
   
0
   
8,440
 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax  
-
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
(2,394
)
  
(2,394
)
Employee Stock Purchase Plan share issuance  
4,908
   
24
   
79
   
0
   
0
   
103
 
Common stock purchased  (6,600)  (33)  (117)  0   0   (150)
Restricted stock vested  
8,521
   
43
   
(43
)
  
0
   
0
   
0
 
Stock-based compensation expense  
-
   
0
   
294
   
0
   
0
   
294
 
Cash dividends ($0.50 per share)
  
-
   
0
   
0
   
(2,620
)
  
0
   
(2,620
)
                        
Balance at end of period  
5,201,272
  
$
26,006
  
$
21,458
  
$
71,679
  
$
1,675
  
$
120,818
 
                        
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020         YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020                 
                                     
Balance at December 31, 2019 
5,180,105
 
$
25,901
 
$
20,959
 
$
62,975
 
$
(79
)
 
$
109,756
   
5,180,105
  
$
25,901
  
$
20,959
  
$
62,975
  
$
(79
)
 
$
109,756
 
Net income 
-
 
-
 
-
 
5,389
 
-
 
5,389
   
-
   
0
   
0
   
5,389
   
0
   
5,389
 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
4,148
 
4,148
   
-
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
4,148
   
4,148
 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan share issuance 
5,819
 
29
 
67
 
-
 
-
 
96
   
5,819
   
29
   
67
   
0
   
0
   
96
 
Restricted stock vested 
8,519
 
42
 
(42
)
 
-
 
-
 
-
   
8,519
   
42
   
(42
)
  
0
   
0
   
0
 
Stock-based compensation expense 
-
 
-
 
261
 
-
 
-
 
261
   
-
   
0
   
261
   
0
   
0
   
261
 
Cash dividends ($.48 per share)  
-
  
-
  
-
  
(2,505
)
  
-
  
(2,505
)
Cash dividends ($0.48 per share)
  
-
   
0
   
0
   
(2,505
)
  
0
   
(2,505
)
                                     
Balance at end of period  
5,194,443
 
$
25,972
 
$
21,245
 
$
65,859
 
$
4,069
 
$
117,145
   
5,194,443
  
$
25,972
  
$
21,245
  
$
65,859
  
$
4,069
  
$
117,145
 
             
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019         
             
Balance at December 31, 2018 
5,170,600
 
$
25,853
 
$
20,698
 
$
57,611
 
$
(2,156
)
 
$
102,006
 
Net income 
-
 
-
 
-
 
7,860
 
-
 
7,860
 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
2,077
 
2,077
 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan share issuance 
3,666
 
19
 
66
 
-
 
-
 
85
 
Restricted stock vested 
5,839
 
29
 
(29
)
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
Stock-based compensation expense 
-
 
-
 
224
 
-
 
-
 
224
 
Cash dividends ($.48 per share)  
-
  
-
  
-
  
(2,496
)
  
-
  
(2,496
)
             
Balance at end of period  
5,180,105
 
$
25,901
 
$
20,959
 
$
62,975
 
$
(79
)
 
$
109,756
 


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


Old Point Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 
 Years Ended December 31,  Years Ended December 31, 
(dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 
(unaudited dollars in thousands) 2021
  2020
 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES           
Net income 
$
5,389
 
$
7,860
  
$
8,440
  
$
5,389
 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:   Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:     
Depreciation and amortization 
2,145
 
2,220
   
2,091
   
2,145
 
Amortization of right of use lease asset 
380
 
319
   
347
   
380
 
Accretion related to acquisition, net 
(176
)
 
(239
)
  
(2
)
  
(176
)
Amortization of subordinated debt issuance costs  60   0 
Provision for loan losses 
1,000
 
318
   
794
   
1,000
 
Gain on sale of securities, net 
(264
)
 
(314
)
  
0
   
(264
)
Net amortization of securities 627 
1,103
   989   
627
 
(Increase) in loans held for sale, net 
(13,823
)
 
(111
)
Decrease (increase) in loans held for sale, net  
11,126
   
(13,823
)
Net (gain) loss on disposal of premises and equipment 
(818
)
 
82
   
0
   
(818
)
Net gain on write-down/sale of other real estate owned 
(62
)
 
(2
)
  
0
   
(62
)
Income from bank owned life insurance 
(839
)
 
(784
)
  
(1,014
)
  
(839
)
Stock compensation expense 
261
 
224
   
294
   
261
 
Deferred tax benefit 
(634
)
 
352
 
(Decrease) increase in other assets 
(966
)
 
1,967
 
Decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities 
(855
)
 
(625
)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities 
(8,635
)
 
12,370
 
Deferred tax expense (benefit)  
275
   
(634
)
Decrease in other assets  
(748
)
  
(966
)
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities  
524
   
(855
)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities  
23,176
   
(8,635
)
             
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES             
Purchases of available-for-sale securities 
(73,057
)
 
(103,036
)
  
(90,070
)
  
(73,057
)
Proceeds from redemption restricted securities, net 
1,559
 
927
 
Proceeds from redemption (purchase) of restricted securities, net  
333
   
1,559
 
Proceeds from maturities and calls of available-for-sale securities 
10,747
 
29,725
   
11,780
   
10,747
 
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities 
13,944
 
65,699
   
6,880
   
13,944
 
Paydowns on available-for-sale securities 
12,559
 
11,984
   
19,479
   
12,559
 
Net (increase) decrease in loans held for investment 
(89,588
)
 
25,529
 
Net increase in loans held for investment  
(7,650
)
  
(89,588
)
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned 
316
 
85
   
0
   
316
 
Purchases of premises and equipment 
(924
)
 
(1,782
)
  
(1,514
)
  
(924
)
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment 
2,203
 
-
   
31
   
2,203
 
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities 
(122,241
)
 
29,131
 
Net cash used in investing activities  
(60,731
)
  
(122,241
)
             
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES             
Increase in noninterest-bearing deposits 
98,044
 
16,293
   
60,929
   
98,044
 
Increase in savings deposits 
113,916
 
31,105
   
73,514
   
113,916
 
Decrease in time deposits 
(34,220
)
 
(917
)
  
(24,580
)
  
(34,220
)
Decrease in federal funds purchased, repurchase agreements and other borrowings, net 
(5,433
)
 
(14,923
)
Increase (decrease) in federal funds purchased, repurchase agreements and other borrowings, net  
(3,433
)
  
(5,433
)
Increase in Federal Home Loan Bank advances 
25,000
 
10,000
   
0
   
25,000
 
Repayment of Federal Home Loan Bank advances 
(62,000
)
 
(33,000
)
  
0
   
(62,000
)
Increase in Federal Reserve Bank borrowings 
37,515
 
-
   
0
   
37,515
 
Repayment of Federal Reserve Bank borrowings 
(8,965
)
 
-
   
(28,070
)
  
(8,965
)
Increase in long term borrowings
  29,347   96 
Proceeds from ESPP issuance 
96
 
85
   
103
   
0
 
Repurchase of common stock
  (150)  0 
Cash dividends paid on common stock  
(2,505
)
  
(2,496
)
  
(2,620
)
  
(2,505
)
Net cash provided by financing activities 
161,448
 
6,147
   
105,040
   
161,448
 
             
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 
30,572
 
47,648
   
67,485
   
30,572
 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period  
89,865
  
42,217
   
120,437
   
89,865
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 
$
120,437
 
$
89,865
  
$
187,922
  
$
120,437
 
             
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION             
Cash payments for:             
Interest 
$
5,528
 
$
6,396
  
$
3,149
  
$
5,528
 
             
SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE OF NONCASH TRANSACTIONS             
Unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale 
$
5,250
 
$
2,629
 
Unrealized (loss) gain on securities available-for-sale 
$
(3,030
)
 
$
5,250
 
Loans transferred to other real estate owned 
$
254
 
$
-
  
$
0
  
$
254
 
Former bank property transferred from fixed assets to held for sale assets 
$
-
 
$
906
  
$
902
  
$
0
 
Right of use lease asset and liability 
$
1,312
 
$
751
  
$
0
  
$
1,312
 
Receivable for BOLI death benefit
 $1,232  $0 


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 1, Significant Accounting Policies


THE COMPANY
Headquartered in Hampton, Virginia, Old Point Financial Corporation is a holding company that conducts substantially all of its operations through two2 subsidiaries, The Old Point National Bank of Phoebus and Old Point Trust & Financial Services, N.A. The Bank serves individual and commercial customers, the majority of which are in Hampton Roads, Virginia. As of December 31, 2020,2021, the Bank had 16 branch offices. TheDuring the first quarter of 2022, two planned branch closures were completed.The Bank offers a full range of deposit and loan products to its retail and commercial customers, including mortgage loan products offered through Old Point Mortgage. A full array of insurance products is also offered through Old Point Insurance, LLC in partnership with Morgan Marrow Company. Trust offers a full range of services for individuals and businesses. Products and services include retirement planning, estate planning, financial planning, estate and trust administration, retirement plan administration, tax services and investment management services.


PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Old Point Financial Corporation (the Company) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, The Old Point National Bank of Phoebus (the Bank) and Old Point Trust & Financial Services N.A. (Trust). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.


BASIS OF PRESENTATION
In preparing Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated balance sheets and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and evaluation of goodwill for impairment.


The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant disruption in economic activity worldwide, including in market areas served by the Company. Estimates for the allowance for loan losses at December 31, 20202021 include probable and estimable losses related to the pandemic. The Company expects thatWhile there have been signals of economic recovery and a resumption of many types of business activity, there remains significant uncertainty in the pandemic will continueprobable and estimable measurement of these losses. If there are further challenges to have an effect on its results of operations. Ifthe economic conditions deteriorate further,recovery, then additional provision for loan losses may be required in future periods. It is unknown how long these conditions will last and what the ultimate financial impact will be to the Company. Depending on the severity and duration of the economic consequences of the pandemic, the Company’s goodwill may become impaired.


SIGNIFICANT GROUP CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK
Most of the Company’s activities are with customers located within the Hampton Roads region. The types of securities that the Company invests in are included in Note 3. The types of lending that the Company engages in are included in Note 4. The Company has significant concentrations in the following industries: construction, lessors of real estate, activities related to real estate, ambulatory health care and religious organizations. The Company does not have any significant concentrations to any one customer.


At December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, there were $460.1 million and $383.4 million, or 54.5% and $344.1 million, or 45.84% and 46.01%45.8%, respectively, of total loans concentrated in commercial real estate. Commercial real estate for purposes of this note includes all construction loans, loans secured by multifamily residential properties, loans secured by farmland and loans secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties. Refer to Note 34 for further detail.


CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash and balances due from banks and federal funds sold, all of which mature within 90 days. The Bank is typically required to maintain cash reserve balances on hand or with the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB). At December 31, 2020,2021, there was no minimum reserve requirement as a result of a rule adopted by the FRB in March 2020 eliminating the reserve requirement.


INTEREST-BEARING DEPOSITS IN BANKS
Interest-bearing deposits in banks mature within one year and are carried at cost.


SECURITIES
Certain debt securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity are classified as “held-to-maturity”held-to-maturity and recorded at amortized cost. Securities not classified as held-to-maturity, excluding equity securities with readily determinable fair values which are recorded at fair value through the income statement, are classified as “available-for-sale”available-for-sale and recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).income. Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities. Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific identification method. The Company has no trading securities.


4847

The Company evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. The Company employs a systematic methodology that considers available evidence in evaluating potential impairment of its investments. In the event that the cost of an investment exceeds its fair value, the Company evaluates, among other factors, the magnitude and duration of the decline in fair value; the expected cash flows of the securities; the financial health of and business outlook for the issuer; the performance of the underlying assets for interests in securitized assets; and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the investment. Once a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded in investment income and a new cost basis in the investment is established.


RESTRICTED SECURITIES, AT COST
The Company, as a member of the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (FHLB), is required to maintain an investment in the capital stock of both the FRB and the FHLB. The Company also has an investment in the capital stock of Community Bankers’ Bank (CBB). Based on the redemption provisions of these investments, the stocks have no quoted market value, are carried at cost and are listed as restricted securities. The Company reviews its holdings for impairment based on the ultimate recoverability of the cost basis in the FRB, FHLB, and CBB stock.


LOANS HELD FOR SALE
The Company records loans held for sale using the lower of cost or fair value. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to income. The changeAny changes in fair valuethe application of lower of cost or market accounting of loans held for sale is recorded as a component of “Mortgage banking income” within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.


LOANS
The Company extends loans to individual consumers and commercial customers for various purposes. Most of the Company’s loans are secured by real estate, including real estate construction loans, real estate commercial loans, and real estate mortgage loans (i.e., residential 1-4 family mortgages, second mortgages and equity lines of credit).  Other loans are secured by collateral that is not real estate, which may include inventory, accounts receivable, equipment or other personal property. A substantial portion of the loan portfolio is represented by real estate mortgage loans throughout Hampton Roads. The ability of the Company’s debtors to honor their contracts is dependent in part upon the real estate and general economic conditions in this area.


Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off generally are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances adjusted for unearned income, the allowance for loan losses and any unamortized deferred fees or costs on originated loans.


For loans amortized at cost, interest income is accrued based on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, as well as premiums and discounts, are deferred and amortized as a level yield adjustment over the respective term of the loan.


PAYCHECK PROTECTION PROGRAM
Beginning in April 2020, the Company originated loans under the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) of the Small Business Administration (SBA). PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA, and in some cases borrowers may be eligible to obtain forgiveness of the loans, in which case loans would be repaid by the SBA. As repayment of the PPP loans is guaranteed by the SBA, the Company does not recognize a reserve for PPP loans in its allowance for loan losses. The Company received fees from the SBA of one percent1percent to five percent5percent of the principal amount of each loan originated under the PPP. Fees received from the SBA are recognized net of direct origination costs in interest income over the life of the related loans. Recognition of fees related to PPP loans is dependent upon the timing of ultimate repayment or forgiveness. Aggregate fees from the SBA of $2.83$4.6 million, net of direct costs, will be recognized in interest income over the life of the loans, of which $2.01 million$630 thousand remains unrecognized as of December 31, 2020.2021. In 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized $3.2 million and $813 thousand in net loan fees related to PPP loans in interest income on loans in the Consolidated Statement of Income.Income, respectively.


NONACCRUALS, PAST DUES AND CHARGE-OFFS
The accrual of interest on commercial loans (including construction loans and commercial loans secured and not secured by real estate) is generally discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection. Consumer loans not secured by real estate and consumer real estate secured loans (i.e., residential 1-4 family mortgages, second mortgages and equity lines of credit) are generally placed on nonaccrual status when payments are 120 days past due. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan agreement, and loans are considered past due when a payment of principal and/or interest is due but not paid. Regular payments not received within the payment cycle are considered to be 30, 60, or 90 or more days past due accordingly. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual status or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.


4948

All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual status or charged off is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash basis or cost recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual status or charged off. Loans are generally returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured, or when the borrower has resumed paying the full amount of the scheduled contractual interest and principal payments for at least six months.


Loans are generally fully charged off or partially charged down to the fair value of collateral securing the asset when:
Management determines the asset to be uncollectible;
Repayment is deemed to be protracted beyond reasonable time frames;
The asset has been classified as a loss by either the internal loan review process or external examiners;
The borrower has filed for bankruptcy protection and the loss becomes evident due to a lack of borrower assets; or
The loan is 120 days or more past due unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection.


ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
The ALLL is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.


The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.


The allowance consists of allocated and general components. The allocated component relates to loans that are classified as impaired, such as a loan that is considered a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) (discussed in detail below). These loans are excluded from pooled loss forecasts and a separate reserve is provided under the accounting guidance for loan impairment. All loans, including consumer loans, whose terms have been modified in a TDR are also individually analyzed for estimated impairment. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for construction loans and commercial loans (i.e., commercial mortgage loans on real estate and commercial loans not secured by real estate) by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. For those loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted value of expected future cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan.


A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired.


The general component covers loans that are not classified as impaired. Loans collectively evaluated for impairment are pooled, with a historical loss rate, based on migration analysis, applied to each pool, segmented by risk grade or days past due, depending on the type of loan.  Based on credit risk assessments and management’s analysis of qualitative factors, additional loss factors are applied to loan balances. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer and consumer loans secured by real estate (i.e., residential 1-4 family mortgages, second mortgages and equity lines of credit) for impairment disclosures, unless the terms of such loans have been modified in a TDR due to financial difficulties of the borrower.


Each portfolio segment has risk characteristics as follows:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial: Commercial loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business or project, in addition to other risks associated with the ownership of a business. The repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time and cannot be appraised with as much precision.
Real estate-construction: Construction loans carry risks that the project will not be finished according to schedule, the project will not be finished according to budget and the value of the collateral may at any point in time be less than the principal amount of the loan. Construction loans also bear the risk that the general contractor, who may or may not be the loan customer, may be unable to finish the construction project as planned because of financial pressure unrelated to the project.
Real estate-mortgage: Residential mortgage loans and equity lines of credit carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral.
Real estate-construction: Construction loans carry risks that the project will not be finished according to schedule, the project will not be finished according to budget and the value of the collateral may at any point in time be less than the principal amount of the loan. Construction loans also bear the risk that the general contractor, who may or may not be the loan customer, may be unable to finish the construction project as planned because of financial pressure unrelated to the project.
5049

Index
Real estate-mortgage: Residential mortgage loans and equity lines of credit carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral.
Real estate-commercial: Commercial real estate loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business if owner occupied. If non-owner occupied, the repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flow from rent receipts.
Consumer loans: Consumer loans carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrowers and the value of the collateral. Consumer loans are more likely than real estate loans to be immediately adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy.
Real estate-commercial: Commercial real estate loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business if owner occupied. If non-owner occupied, the repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flow from rent receipts.
Consumer loans: Consumer loans carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrowers and the value of the collateral. Consumer loans are more likely than real estate loans to be immediately adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy.
Other loans: Other loans are loans to mortgage companies, loans for purchasing or carrying securities, and loans to insurance, investment and finance companies. These loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time, depend on interest rates or fluctuate in active trading markets.
 
Each segment of the portfolio is pooled by risk grade or by days past due. Loans not secured by real estate and made to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures are segmented into pools based on days past due, while all other loans, including loans to consumers that are secured by real estate, are segmented by risk grades. A historical loss percentage is then calculated by migration analysis and applied to each pool. The migration analysis applied to all pools is able to track the risk grading and historical performance of individual loans throughout a number of periods set by management, which provides management with information regarding trends (or migrations) in a particular loan segment. At December 31, 20202021 and 20192020 management used eight twelve-quarter8 12-quarter migration periods.


Based on credit risk assessments and management’s analysis of qualitative factors, additional loss factors are applied to loan balances. These additional qualitative factors include: economic conditions (including uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic), trends in growth, loan concentrations, changes in certain loans, changes in underwriting, changes in management and changes in the legal and regulatory environment.

Given the timing of the outbreak in the United States of the COVID-19 pandemic, management does not believe that the Company’s performance in relation to credit quality during 2020 was significantly impacted. The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented challenge to the global economy in general and the financial services sector in particular. However, there is still significant uncertainty regarding the overall length of the pandemic and the aggregate impact that it will have on global and regional economies, including uncertainties regarding the potential positive effects of governmental actions taken in response to the pandemic. With so much uncertainty, it is impossible for the Company to accurately predict the impact that the pandemic will have on the Company’s primary market and the overall extent to which it will affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. The Company’s credit administration is closely monitoring and analyzing the higher risk segments within the loan portfolio, tracking loan payment deferrals, customer liquidity and providing timely reports to senior management and the Board of Directors. Based on capital levels, stress testing indications, prudent underwriting policies, watch credit processes, and loan concentration diversification, the Company currently expects to be able to manage the economic risks and uncertainties associated with the pandemic which may include additional increases in the provision for loan losses.


Acquired loans are recorded at their fair value at acquisition date without carryover of the acquiree’s previously established ALL, as credit discounts are included in the determination of fair value. The fair value of the loans is determined using market participant assumptions in estimating the amount and timing of both principal and interest cash flows expected to be collected on the loans and then applying a market-based discount rate to those cash flows. During evaluation upon acquisition, acquired loans are also classified as either purchased credit-impaired (PCI) or purchased performing.


PCI loans reflect credit quality deterioration since origination, as it is probable at acquisition that the Company will not be able to collect all contractually required payments. These PCI loans are accounted for under ASC 310-30, Receivables – Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. The PCI loans are segregated into pools based on loan type and credit risk. Loan type is determined based on collateral type, purpose, and lien position. Credit risk characteristics include risk rating groups, nonaccrual status, and past due status. For valuation purposes, these pools are further disaggregated by maturity, pricing characteristics, and re-payment structure. The difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is referred to as the “nonaccretable difference”nonaccretable difference and is not recorded. Any excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value is referred to as the “accretable yield”accretable yield and is recognized as interest income over the remaining life of the loan when there is a reasonable expectation about the amount and timing of such cash flows.



On an annual basis, the estimate of cash flows expected to be collected on PCI loans is evaluated. Estimates of cash flows for PCI loans require significant judgment. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows will generally result in a provision for loan losses resulting in an increase to the allowance for loan losses. Subsequent significant increases in cash flows may result in a reversal of post-acquisition provision for loan losses or a transfer from nonaccretable difference to accretable yield that increases interest income over the remaining life of the loan, or pool(s) of loans. Disposals of loans, which may include sale of loans to third parties, receipt of payments in full or in part from the borrower or foreclosure of the collateral, result in removal of the loan from the PCI loan portfolio at its carrying amount.

51

Index

The Company accounts for purchased performing loans using the contractual cash flows method of recognizing discount accretion based on the acquired loans’ contractual cash flows. Purchased performing loans are recorded at fair value, including a credit discount.  The fair value discount is accreted as an adjustment to yield over the estimated lives of the loans. There is no allowance for loan losses established at the acquisition date for purchased performing loans. A provision for loan losses may be required for any deterioration in these loans in future periods.


TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS
In situations where, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, management grants a concession for other than an insignificant period of time to the borrower that would not otherwise be considered, the related loan is classified as a TDR. Management strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty before their loans reach nonaccrual status and works with them to grant appropriate concessions, if necessary, and modify their loans to more affordable terms. These modified terms could include reduction in the interest rate below current market rates for borrowers with similar risk profiles, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. In cases where borrowers are granted new terms that provide for a reduction of either interest or principal, management measures any impairment on the restructuring as noted above for impaired loans.


The Company has accommodated certain borrowers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic by granting short-term payment deferrals or periods of interest-only payments, including loans that remain in deferral as of December 31, 2020, with an aggregate balance of $7.4 million. Generally, a short-term payment deferral does not result in a loan modification being classified as a TDR. Additionally, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES Act), enacted on March 27, 2020, and as subsequently amended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2021, provided that certain loan modifications that were (1) related to COVID-19 and (2) for loans that were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019 are not required to be designated as TDRs. This relief is available to loan modified between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of 60 days after the date of termination of the COVID-19 national emergency and January 1, 2022. Additional information on loan modifications related to COVID-19 is presented in Note 4.
50


Index
TRANSFERS OF FINANCIAL ASSETSRECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
TransfersRecent accounting pronouncements affecting the Corporation are described in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” under the heading “Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies-Recent Significant Accounting Pronouncements.”

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In reporting the results of the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company has provided supplemental financial assetsmeasures on a tax-equivalent or an adjusted basis. These non-GAAP financial measures are accounteda supplement to GAAP, which is used to prepare the Company’s financial statements, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. In addition, the Company’s non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to non-GAAP financial measures of other companies. The Company uses the non-GAAP financial measures discussed herein in its analysis of the Company’s performance. The Company’s management believes that these non-GAAP financial measures provide additional understanding of ongoing operations and enhance comparability of results of operations with prior periods presented without the impact of items or events that may obscure trends in the Company’s underlying performance.  A reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures used by the Company to evaluate and measure the Company’s performance to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures is presented below.

39

Index
TABLE 14: Non-GAAP FINACIAL MEASURES
  Years Ended December 31, 
(dollar in thousands, except per share data) 2021  2020 
Fully Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income      
Net interest income (GAAP) 
$
38,794
  
$
34,717
 
FTE adjustment  
248
   
187
 
Net interest income (FTE) (non-GAAP) 
$
39,042
  
$
34,904
 
Noninterest income (GAAP)  
14,885
   
14,698
 
Total revenue (FTE) (non-GAAP) 
$
53,927
  
$
49,602
 
Noninterest expense (GAAP)  
43,149
   
42,505
 
         
Average earning assets 
$
1,197,028
  
$
1,092,567
 
Net interest margin  
3.24
%
  
3.18
%
Net interest margin (FTE) (non-GAAP)  
3.26
%
  
3.19
%
         
Tangible Book Value Per Share        
Total Stockholders Equity (GAAP) 
$
120,818
  
$
117,145
 
Less goodwill  
1,650
   
1,650
 
Less core deposit intangible  
275
   
319
 
Tangible Stockholders Equity (non-GAAP) 
$
118,893
  
$
115,176
 
         
Shares issued and outstanding  
5,239,707
   
5,224,019
 
         
Book value per share 
$
23.06
  
$
22.42
 
Tangible book value per share 
$
22.69
  
$
22.05
 
         
ALLL as a Percentage of Loans Held for Investment        
Loans held for investment  (net of deferred fees and costs) (GAAP) 
$
843,526
  
$
836,300
 
Less PPP originations  
19,008
   
85,983
 
Loans held for investment, (net of deferred fees and costs), excluding PPP (non-GAAP) 
$
824,518
  
$
750,317
 
         
ALLL 
$
9,865
  
$
9,541
 
         
ALLL as a Percentage of Loans Held for Investment  
1.17
%
  
1.14
%
ALLL as a Percentage of Loans Held for Investment, net of PPP originations  
1.20
%
  
1.27
%

Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not required.

Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The Consolidated Financial Statements and related footnotes of the Company are presented below followed by the financial statements of the Parent.

40

Index
graphic

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors
Old Point Financial Corporation
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Old Point Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries (the Company) as sales whenof December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the assets has been surrendered. Controlpurpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over transferred assetsfinancial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is deemeda matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be surrendered whencommunicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the assets have been isolated from the Company (i.e., put presumptively beyond the reachfinancial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership); (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets and (3) the Companycritical audit matter does not maintain effective controlalter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Allowance for Loan Losses – Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment – Qualitative Adjustment Factors

Description of the Matter
As described in Note 1 (Significant Accounting Policies) and Note 4 (Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses) to the financial statements, the Company’s allowance for loan losses is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged against earnings.  The Company’s allowance for loan losses has three basic components, an allocated component and two general components. At December 31, 2021, the allocated component amounted to $128,000 of the total allowance for loan losses of $9,865,000. The remaining $9,737,000 was comprised of two general components: (1) a historical loss component amounting to $1,846,000 and (2) a qualitative adjustment factor component amounting to $7,891,000. For loans that are not specifically identified for impairment, the general allowance uses historical loss experience along with various qualitative factors to develop adjusted loss factors for each loan segment.  The qualitative adjustment factors to the historical loss experience are established by applying an allocation to the loan segments identified by management based on their assessment of shared risk characteristics within groups of similar loans in addition to their historical loss experience calculated using a migration analysis. Qualitative adjustment factors are determined based on management’s continuing evaluation of inputs and assumptions underlying the quality of the loan portfolio. Management evaluates qualitative factors, primarily considering national, regional and local economic trends and business conditions; concentrations of credit; trends in delinquencies, nonaccrual loans, and classified loans; trends in nature and volume of loans; trends in collateral values for collateral dependent loans, underwriting standards, and lending policies; experience of lending officers, management and other staff; changes in loan review systems; and other external competitive pressures, legal and regulatory factors.    

Management exercised significant judgment when assessing the qualitative adjustment factors in estimating the allowance for loan losses. We identified the assessment of the qualitative adjustment factors as a critical audit matter as auditing the qualitative adjustment factors involved especially complex and subjective auditor judgment in evaluating management’s assessment of the inherently subjective estimates.

How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
The primary audit procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:
Obtaining an understanding of controls over the transferred assets through an agreementevaluation of qualitative factors, including management's development and review of the data inputs used as the basis for the allocation factors and management's review and approval of the reasonableness of the assumptions used to repurchase them beforedevelop the qualitative adjustments
Substantively testing management’s process, including evaluating their maturity orjudgments and assumptions for developing the abilityqualitative factors, which included:
Evaluating the completeness and accuracy of data inputs used as a basis for the qualitative adjustment factors.
Evaluating the reasonableness of management’s judgments related to unilaterally cause the holderdetermination of qualitative adjustment factors.
Evaluating the qualitative adjustment factors for directional consistency and for reasonableness.
Testing the mathematical accuracy of the allowance calculation, including the application of the qualitative adjustment factors.
/s/ Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C.
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2004.
Richmond, Virginia
March 31, 2022
Old Point Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
  December 31,
  December 31, 
(dollars in thousands, except share data) 2021
  2020
 
Assets      
       
Cash and due from banks 
$
13,424
  
$
21,799
 
Interest-bearing due from banks  
164,073
   
98,633
 
Federal funds sold  
10,425
   
5
 
Cash and cash equivalents  
187,922
   
120,437
 
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value  
234,321
   
186,409
 
Restricted securities, at cost  
1,034
   
1,367
 
Loans held for sale  
3,287
   
14,413
 
Loans, net  
833,661
   
826,759
 
Premises and equipment, net  
32,134
   
33,613
 
Premises and equipment, held for sale  
871
   
0
 
Bank-owned life insurance  
28,168
   
28,386
 
Goodwill  
1,650
   
1,650
 
Core deposit intangible, net  
275
   
319
 
Other assets  
14,832
   
12,838
 
Total assets 
$
1,338,155
  
$
1,226,191
 
         
Liabilities & Stockholders’ Equity        
         
Deposits:        
Noninterest-bearing deposits 
$
421,531
  
$
360,602
 
Savings deposits  
586,450
   
512,936
 
Time deposits  
169,118
   
193,698
 
Total deposits  
1,177,099
   
1,067,236
 
Overnight repurchase agreements  
4,536
   
6,619
 
Federal Reserve Bank borrowings  
480
   
28,550
 
Long term borrowings  
29,407
   
1,350
 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities  
5,815
   
5,291
 
Total liabilities  
1,217,337
   
1,109,046
 
         
Stockholders’ equity:        
Common stock, $5 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; 5,239,707 and 5,224,019 shares outstanding (includes 38,435 and 29,576 of nonvested restricted stock, respectively)
  
26,006
   
25,972
 
Additional paid-in capital  
21,458
   
21,245
 
Retained earnings  
71,679
   
65,859
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net  
1,675
   
4,069
Total stockholders’ equity  
120,818
   
117,145
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 
$
1,338,155
  
$
1,226,191
 

See Notes to return specific assets.Consolidated Financial Statements.


OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED (OREO)
43
Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale
Old Point Financial Corporation and are initially recorded at fair value less cost to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance (direct write-downs) are included in loss (gain) on other real estate owned on the Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income.Income


  
Years Ended
December 31,
 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 2021
  2020
 
Interest and Dividend Income:      
Loans, including fees 
$
37,912
  
$
36,012
 
Due from banks  
230
   
267
 
Federal funds sold  
3
   
12
 
Securities:        
Taxable  
3,284
   
3,068
 
Tax-exempt  
753
   
516
 
Dividends and interest on all other securities  
70
   
134
 
Total interest and dividend income  
42,252
   
40,009
 
         
Interest Expense:        
Checking and savings deposits  
938
   
1,080
 
Time deposits  
1,941
   
3,337
 
Federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings
  
35
   
150
 
Long term borrowings  544   0 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances  
0
   
725
 
Total interest expense  
3,458
   
5,292
 
Net interest income  
38,794
   
34,717
 
Provision for loan losses  
794
   
1,000
 
Net interest income after provision for loan losses  
38,000
   
33,717
 
         
Noninterest Income:        
Fiduciary and asset management fees  
4,198
   
3,877
 
Service charges on deposit accounts  
2,866
   
2,872
 
Other service charges, commissions and fees  
4,169
   
4,028
 
Bank-owned life insurance income  
1,014
   
839
 
Mortgage banking income  
2,280
   
1,781
 
Gain on sale of available-for-sale securities, net  
0
   
264
 
Gain on sale of fixed assets  
0
   
818
 
Other operating income  
358
   
219
 
Total noninterest income  
14,885
   
14,698
 
         
Noninterest Expense:        
Salaries and employee benefits  
25,361
   
25,512
 
Occupancy and equipment  
4,694
   
4,852
 
Data processing  
4,557
   
3,478
 
Customer development  
370
   
381
 
Professional services  
2,521
   
2,196
 
Employee professional development  
719
   
658
 
Other taxes  
794
   
661
 
ATM and other losses  
504
   
871
 
Loss on extinguishment of borrowings  
0
   
490
 
(Gain) on other real estate owned  
0
  
(62
)
Loss on sale of loans  
0
   
99
 
Other operating expenses  
3,629
   
3,369
 
Total noninterest expense  
43,149
   
42,505
 
Income before income taxes  
9,736
   
5,910
 
Income tax expense  
1,296
   
521
 
Net income 
$
8,440
  
$
5,389
 
         
Basic Earnings per Share:        
Weighted average shares outstanding  
5,238,318
   
5,216,237
 
Net income per share of common stock 
$
1.61
  
$
1.03
 
         
Diluted Earnings per Share:        
Weighted average shares outstanding  
5,238,352
   
5,216,441
 
Net income per share of common stock 
$
1.61
  
$
1.03
 

BANK-OWNED LIFE INSURANCESee Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Old Point Financial Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income


 
Years Ended
December 31,
 
(dollars in thousands) 2021
  2020
 
       
Net income 
$
8,440
  
$
5,389
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax        
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities  
(2,394
)
  
4,357
 
Reclassification for gain included in net income  
0
   
(209
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax  
(2,394
)
  
4,148
 
Comprehensive income 
$
6,046
  
$
9,537
 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Old Point Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

(dollars in thousands, except share and per share data) 
Shares of
Common
Stock
  
Common
Stock
  
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
  
Retained
Earnings
  
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
  Total 
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021             
                   
Balance at December 31, 2020
  
5,194,443
  
$
25,972
  
$
21,245
  
$
65,859
  
$
4,069
  
$
117,145
 
Net income  
-
   
0
   
0
   
8,440
   
0
   
8,440
 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax  
-
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
(2,394
)
  
(2,394
)
Employee Stock Purchase Plan share issuance  
4,908
   
24
   
79
   
0
   
0
   
103
 
Common stock purchased  (6,600)  (33)  (117)  0   0   (150)
Restricted stock vested  
8,521
   
43
   
(43
)
  
0
   
0
   
0
 
Stock-based compensation expense  
-
   
0
   
294
   
0
   
0
   
294
 
Cash dividends ($0.50 per share)
  
-
   
0
   
0
   
(2,620
)
  
0
   
(2,620
)
                         
Balance at end of period  
5,201,272
  
$
26,006
  
$
21,458
  
$
71,679
  
$
1,675
  
$
120,818
 
                         
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020                 
                         
Balance at December 31, 2019
  
5,180,105
  
$
25,901
  
$
20,959
  
$
62,975
  
$
(79
)
 
$
109,756
 
Net income  
-
   
0
   
0
   
5,389
   
0
   
5,389
 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax  
-
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
4,148
   
4,148
 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan share issuance  
5,819
   
29
   
67
   
0
   
0
   
96
 
Restricted stock vested  
8,519
   
42
   
(42
)
  
0
   
0
   
0
 
Stock-based compensation expense  
-
   
0
   
261
   
0
   
0
   
261
 
Cash dividends ($0.48 per share)
  
-
   
0
   
0
   
(2,505
)
  
0
   
(2,505
)
                         
Balance at end of period  
5,194,443
  
$
25,972
  
$
21,245
  
$
65,859
  
$
4,069
  
$
117,145
 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Old Point Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
  Years Ended December 31, 
(unaudited dollars in thousands) 2021
  2020
 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES      
Net income 
$
8,440
  
$
5,389
 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:     
Depreciation and amortization  
2,091
   
2,145
 
Amortization of right of use lease asset  
347
   
380
 
Accretion related to acquisition, net  
(2
)
  
(176
)
Amortization of  subordinated debt issuance costs  60   0 
Provision for loan losses  
794
   
1,000
 
Gain on sale of securities, net  
0
   
(264
)
Net amortization of securities  989   
627
 
Decrease (increase) in loans held for sale, net  
11,126
   
(13,823
)
Net (gain) loss on disposal of premises and equipment  
0
   
(818
)
Net gain on write-down/sale of other real estate owned  
0
   
(62
)
Income from bank owned life insurance  
(1,014
)
  
(839
)
Stock compensation expense  
294
   
261
 
Deferred tax expense (benefit)  
275
   
(634
)
Decrease in other assets  
(748
)
  
(966
)
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities  
524
   
(855
)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities  
23,176
   
(8,635
)
         
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES        
Purchases of available-for-sale securities  
(90,070
)
  
(73,057
)
Proceeds from redemption (purchase) of restricted securities, net  
333
   
1,559
 
Proceeds from maturities and calls of available-for-sale securities  
11,780
   
10,747
 
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities  
6,880
   
13,944
 
Paydowns on available-for-sale securities  
19,479
   
12,559
 
Net increase in loans held for investment  
(7,650
)
  
(89,588
)
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned  
0
   
316
 
Purchases of premises and equipment  
(1,514
)
  
(924
)
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment  
31
   
2,203
 
Net cash used in investing activities  
(60,731
)
  
(122,241
)
         
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES        
Increase in noninterest-bearing deposits  
60,929
   
98,044
 
Increase in savings deposits  
73,514
   
113,916
 
Decrease in time deposits  
(24,580
)
  
(34,220
)
Increase (decrease) in federal funds purchased, repurchase agreements and other borrowings, net  
(3,433
)
  
(5,433
)
Increase in Federal Home Loan Bank advances  
0
   
25,000
 
Repayment of Federal Home Loan Bank advances  
0
   
(62,000
)
Increase in Federal Reserve Bank borrowings  
0
   
37,515
 
Repayment of Federal Reserve Bank borrowings  
(28,070
)
  
(8,965
)
Increase in long term borrowings
  29,347   96 
Proceeds from ESPP issuance  
103
   
0
 
Repurchase of common stock
  (150)  0 
Cash dividends paid on common stock  
(2,620
)
  
(2,505
)
Net cash provided by financing activities  
105,040
   
161,448
 
         
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents  
67,485
   
30,572
 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period  
120,437
   
89,865
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 
$
187,922
  
$
120,437
 
         
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION        
Cash payments for:        
Interest 
$
3,149
  
$
5,528
 
         
SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE OF NONCASH TRANSACTIONS        
Unrealized (loss) gain on securities available-for-sale 
$
(3,030
)
 
$
5,250
 
Loans transferred to other real estate owned 
$
0
  
$
254
 
Former bank property transferred from fixed assets to held for sale assets 
$
902
  
$
0
 
Right of use lease asset and liability 
$
0
  
$
1,312
 
Receivable for BOLI death benefit
 $1,232  $0 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1, Significant Accounting Policies

THE COMPANY
Headquartered in Hampton, Virginia, Old Point Financial Corporation is a holding company that conducts substantially all of its operations through 2 subsidiaries, The Old Point National Bank of Phoebus and Old Point Trust & Financial Services, N.A. The Bank serves individual and commercial customers, the majority of which are in Hampton Roads, Virginia. As of December 31, 2021, the Bank had 16 branch offices. During the first quarter of 2022, two planned branch closures were completed.The Bank offers a full range of deposit and loan products to its retail and commercial customers, including mortgage loan products offered through Old Point Mortgage. A full array of insurance products is also offered through Old Point Insurance, LLC in partnership with Morgan Marrow Company. Trust offers a full range of services for individuals and businesses. Products and services include retirement planning, estate planning, financial planning, estate and trust administration, retirement plan administration, tax services and investment management services.

PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
The Company owns insurance onconsolidated financial statements include the livesaccounts of a certain groupOld Point Financial Corporation (the Company) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, The Old Point National Bank of key employees. The cash surrender valuePhoebus (the Bank) and Old Point Trust & Financial Services N.A. (Trust). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

BASIS OF PRESENTATION
In preparing Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of these policies is includedassets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as an asset onof the date of the consolidated balance sheets and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the increasereporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and evaluation of goodwill for impairment.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant disruption in economic activity worldwide, including in market areas served by the Company. Estimates for the allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2021 include probable and estimable losses related to the pandemic. While there have been signals of economic recovery and a resumption of many types of business activity, there remains significant uncertainty in the probable and estimable measurement of these losses. If there are further challenges to the economic recovery, then additional provision for loan losses may be required in future periods. It is unknown how long these conditions will last and what the ultimate financial impact will be to the Company. Depending on the severity and duration of the economic consequences of the pandemic, the Company’s goodwill may become impaired.

SIGNIFICANT GROUP CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK
Most of the Company’s activities are with customers located within the Hampton Roads region. The types of securities that the Company invests in are included in Note 3. The types of lending that the Company engages in are included in Note 4. The Company has significant concentrations in the following industries: construction, lessors of real estate, activities related to real estate, ambulatory health care and religious organizations. The Company does not have any significant concentrations to any one customer.

At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were $460.1 million and $383.4 million, or 54.5% and 45.8%, respectively, of total loans concentrated in commercial real estate. Commercial real estate for purposes of this note includes all construction loans, loans secured by multifamily residential properties, loans secured by farmland and loans secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties. Refer to Note 4 for further detail.

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash surrenderflows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash and balances due from banks and federal funds sold, all of which mature within 90 days. The Bank is typically required to maintain cash reserve balances on hand or with the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB). At December 31, 2021, there was no minimum reserve requirement as a result of a rule adopted by the FRB in March 2020 eliminating the reserve requirement.

INTEREST-BEARING DEPOSITS IN BANKS
Interest-bearing deposits in banks mature within one year and are carried at cost.

SECURITIES
Certain debt securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and recorded at amortized cost. Securities not classified as held-to-maturity, excluding equity securities with readily determinable fair values which are recorded at fair value through the income statement, are classified as available-for-sale and recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in accumulated other comprehensive income. Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities. Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific identification method. The Company has no trading securities.

47

The Company evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. The Company employs a systematic methodology that considers available evidence in evaluating potential impairment of its investments. In the event that the cost of an investment exceeds its fair value, the Company evaluates, among other factors, the magnitude and duration of the decline in fair value; the expected cash flows of the securities; the financial health of and business outlook for the issuer; the performance of the underlying assets for interests in securitized assets; and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the investment. Once a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded in investment income and a new cost basis in the investment is established.

RESTRICTED SECURITIES, AT COST
The Company, as a member of the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (FHLB), is required to maintain an investment in the capital stock of both the FRB and the FHLB. The Company also has an investment in the capital stock of Community Bankers’ Bank (CBB). Based on the redemption provisions of these investments, the stocks have no quoted market value, are carried at cost and are listed as restricted securities. The Company reviews its holdings for impairment based on the ultimate recoverability of the cost basis in the FRB, FHLB, and CBB stock.

LOANS HELD FOR SALE
The Company records loans held for sale using the lower of cost or fair value. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to income. Any changes in the application of lower of cost or market accounting of loans held for sale is recorded as noninterest income ona component of “Mortgage banking income” within the Consolidated Statements of Income. In the event of the death of an insured individual under these policies, the Company would receive a death benefit payment. Any excess in the amount received over the recorded cash surrender value would be recorded as other operating income on theCompany’s Consolidated Statements of Income.


PREMISES AND EQUIPMENTLOANS
LandThe Company extends loans to individual consumers and commercial customers for various purposes. Most of the Company’s loans are secured by real estate, including real estate construction loans, real estate commercial loans, and real estate mortgage loans (i.e., residential 1-4 family mortgages, second mortgages and equity lines of credit).  Other loans are secured by collateral that is carriednot real estate, which may include inventory, accounts receivable, equipment or other personal property. A substantial portion of the loan portfolio is represented by real estate mortgage loans throughout Hampton Roads. The ability of the Company’s debtors to honor their contracts is dependent in part upon the real estate and general economic conditions in this area.

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off generally are reported at cost. Buildingstheir outstanding unpaid principal balances adjusted for unearned income, the allowance for loan losses and equipment are statedany unamortized deferred fees or costs on originated loans.

For loans amortized at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization computedinterest income is accrued based on the straight-line methodunpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, as well as premiums and discounts, are deferred and amortized as a level yield adjustment over the estimated useful livesrespective term of the assets. Buildings and equipment are depreciated over their estimated useful lives ranging from 3 to 39 years; leasehold improvements are amortized overloan.

PAYCHECK PROTECTION PROGRAM
Beginning in April 2020, the livesCompany originated loans under the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) of the respective leases orSmall Business Administration (SBA). PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the estimated usefulSBA, and in some cases borrowers may be eligible to obtain forgiveness of the loans, in which case loans would be repaid by the SBA. As repayment of the PPP loans is guaranteed by the SBA, the Company does not recognize a reserve for PPP loans in its allowance for loan losses. The Company received fees from the SBA of 1percent to 5percent of the principal amount of each loan originated under the PPP. Fees received from the SBA are recognized net of direct origination costs in interest income over the life of the leasehold improvement, whichever is less. Software is amortized over its estimated useful life ranging from 3 to 5 years.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET CREDIT RELATED FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
In the ordinary courserelated loans. Recognition of business, the Company has entered into commitments to extend credit, including commitments under commercial letters of credit and lines of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

STOCK COMPENSATION PLANS
Stock compensation accounting guidance (FASB ASC 718, “Compensation -- Stock Compensation”) requires that the compensation costfees related to share-based payment transactionsPPP loans is dependent upon the timing of ultimate repayment or forgiveness. Aggregate fees from the SBA of $4.6 million, net of direct costs, will be recognized in financial statements. That cost will be measuredinterest income over the life of the loans, of which $630 thousand remains unrecognized as of December 31, 2021. In 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized $3.2 million and $813 thousand in net loan fees related to PPP loans in interest income on loans in the Consolidated Statement of Income, respectively.

NONACCRUALS, PAST DUES AND CHARGE-OFFS
The accrual of interest on commercial loans (including construction loans and commercial loans secured and not secured by real estate) is generally discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection. Consumer loans not secured by real estate and consumer real estate secured loans (i.e., residential 1-4 family mortgages, second mortgages and equity lines of credit) are generally placed on nonaccrual status when payments are 120 days past due. Past due status is based on the grantcontractual terms of the loan agreement, and loans are considered past due when a payment of principal and/or interest is due but not paid. Regular payments not received within the payment cycle are considered to be 30, 60, or 90 or more days past due accordingly. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual status or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

48

All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual status or charged off is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash basis or cost recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual status or charged off. Loans are generally returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured, or when the borrower has resumed paying the full amount of the scheduled contractual interest and principal payments for at least six months.

Loans are generally fully charged off or partially charged down to the fair value of collateral securing the equityasset when:
Management determines the asset to be uncollectible;
Repayment is deemed to be protracted beyond reasonable time frames;
The asset has been classified as a loss by either the internal loan review process or liability instruments issued. external examiners;
The stock compensationborrower has filed for bankruptcy protection and the loss becomes evident due to a lack of borrower assets; or
The loan is 120 days or more past due unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection.

ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
The ALLL is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

The allowance consists of allocated and general components. The allocated component relates to loans that are classified as impaired, such as a loan that is considered a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) (discussed in detail below). These loans are excluded from pooled loss forecasts and a separate reserve is provided under the accounting guidance coversfor loan impairment. All loans, including consumer loans, whose terms have been modified in a wide range of share-based compensation arrangements including stock options, restricted share plans, performance-based awards, share appreciation rights and employee share purchase plans.

52

The stock compensation accounting guidance requires that compensation costTDR are also individually analyzed for all stock awards be calculated and recognized over the employees’ service period, generally defined as the vesting period. For awards with graded-vesting, compensation costestimated impairment. Impairment is recognizedmeasured on a straight-lineloan-by-loan basis overfor construction loans and commercial loans (i.e., commercial mortgage loans on real estate and commercial loans not secured by real estate) by either the requisite service period forpresent value of expected future cash flows discounted at the entire award. A Black Scholes model is used to estimateloan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the fair value of the stock options, whilecollateral if the loan is collateral dependent. For those loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted value of expected future cash flows (or collateral value or observable market priceprice) of the Company’s common stockimpaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired.

The general component covers loans that are not classified as impaired. Loans collectively evaluated for impairment are pooled, with a historical loss rate, based on migration analysis, applied to each pool, segmented by risk grade or days past due, depending on the type of loan.  Based on credit risk assessments and management’s analysis of qualitative factors, additional loss factors are applied to loan balances. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer and consumer loans secured by real estate (i.e., residential 1-4 family mortgages, second mortgages and equity lines of credit) for impairment disclosures, unless the terms of such loans have been modified in a TDR due to financial difficulties of the borrower.

Each portfolio segment has risk characteristics as follows:
Commercial and industrial: Commercial loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business or project, in addition to other risks associated with the ownership of a business. The repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time and cannot be appraised with as much precision.
Real estate-construction: Construction loans carry risks that the project will not be finished according to schedule, the project will not be finished according to budget and the value of the collateral may at any point in time be less than the principal amount of the loan. Construction loans also bear the risk that the general contractor, who may or may not be the loan customer, may be unable to finish the construction project as planned because of financial pressure unrelated to the project.
49

Real estate-mortgage: Residential mortgage loans and equity lines of credit carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral.
Real estate-commercial: Commercial real estate loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business if owner occupied. If non-owner occupied, the repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flow from rent receipts.
Consumer loans: Consumer loans carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrowers and the value of the collateral. Consumer loans are more likely than real estate loans to be immediately adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy.
Other loans: Other loans are loans to mortgage companies, loans for purchasing or carrying securities, and loans to insurance, investment and finance companies. These loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time, depend on interest rates or fluctuate in active trading markets.
Each segment of the portfolio is pooled by risk grade or by days past due. Loans not secured by real estate and made to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures are segmented into pools based on days past due, while all other loans, including loans to consumers that are secured by real estate, are segmented by risk grades. A historical loss percentage is then calculated by migration analysis and applied to each pool. The migration analysis applied to all pools is able to track the risk grading and historical performance of individual loans throughout a number of periods set by management, which provides management with information regarding trends (or migrations) in a particular loan segment. At December 31, 2021 and 2020 management used 8 12-quarter migration periods.

Based on credit risk assessments and management’s analysis of qualitative factors, additional loss factors are applied to loan balances. These additional qualitative factors include: economic conditions (including uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic), trends in growth, loan concentrations, changes in certain loans, changes in underwriting, changes in management and changes in the legal and regulatory environment.

Acquired loans are recorded at their fair value at acquisition date without carryover of the dateacquiree’s previously established ALL, as credit discounts are included in the determination of grantfair value. The fair value of the loans is used for restricted stock awards.determined using market participant assumptions in estimating the amount and timing of both principal and interest cash flows expected to be collected on the loans and then applying a market-based discount rate to those cash flows. During evaluation upon acquisition, acquired loans are also classified as either purchased credit-impaired (PCI) or purchased performing.


REVENUE RECOGNITION:  Revenue recognized from contracts with customersPCI loans reflect credit quality deterioration since origination, as it is probable at acquisition that the Company will not be able to collect all contractually required payments. These PCI loans are accounted for under ASC 606310-30, Receivables – Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. The PCI loans are segregated into pools based on loan type and credit risk. Loan type is determined based on collateral type, purpose, and lien position. Credit risk characteristics include risk rating groups, nonaccrual status, and past due status. For valuation purposes, these pools are further disaggregated by maturity, pricing characteristics, and re-payment structure. The difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is referred to as the nonaccretable difference and is primarily included innot recorded. Any excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the Company’s noninterest income.  Fiduciary and asset management fees are earnedestimated fair value is referred to as the Company satisfies it performance obligation over time.  Additional services are transactional-basedaccretable yield and the revenue is recognized as incurred.  Service charges on deposit accounts consist account analysis fees, monthly service fees, and other deposit account related fees.  Account analysis and monthly service fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are earnedinterest income over the course of a month, representing the period over which the Company satisfies the performance obligation. Other deposit account related fees are largely transactional based and therefore fees are recognized at the point in time when the Company has satisfied its performance obligation. The Company earns other service charges, commissions and fees from its customers for transaction-based services. Such services include debit card, ATM, merchant services, investment services, and other service charges.  In each case, these service charges and fees are recognized in income at the time or within the same period that the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied. The Company earns interchange fees from debit cardholder transactions conducted through various payment networks. Interchange fees from cardholder transactions represent a percentageremaining life of the underlying transaction valueloan when there is a reasonable expectation about the amount and are recognized daily, concurrently withtiming of such cash flows.


On an annual basis, the transaction processing services.estimate of cash flows expected to be collected on PCI loans is evaluated. Estimates of cash flows for PCI loans require significant judgment. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows will generally result in a provision for loan losses resulting in an increase to the allowance for loan losses. Subsequent significant increases in cash flows may result in a reversal of post-acquisition provision for loan losses or a transfer from nonaccretable difference to accretable yield that increases interest income over the remaining life of the loan, or pool(s) of loans. Disposals of loans, which may include sale of loans to third parties, receipt of payments in full or in part from the borrower or foreclosure of the collateral, result in removal of the loan from the PCI loan portfolio at its carrying amount.

INCOME TAXES
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax accounting guidance (FASB ASC 740, “Income Taxes”). The Company adopted the accounting guidance related to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, which sets out a consistent framework to determine the appropriate level of tax reserves to maintain for uncertain tax positions.

Income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxespurchased performing loans using the liability or balance sheet method. Under thiscontractual cash flows method the net deferred tax asset or liability isof recognizing discount accretion based on the tax effectsacquired loans’ contractual cash flows. Purchased performing loans are recorded at fair value, including a credit discount.  The fair value discount is accreted as an adjustment to yield over the estimated lives of the difference betweenloans. There is no allowance for loan losses established at the bookacquisition date for purchased performing loans. A provision for loan losses may be required for any deterioration in these loans in future periods.

TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS
In situations where, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, management grants a concession for other than an insignificant period of time to the borrower that would not otherwise be considered, the related loan is classified as a TDR. Management strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty before their loans reach nonaccrual status and tax basis of assetsworks with them to grant appropriate concessions, if necessary, and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognizedmodify their loans to more affordable terms. These modified terms could include reduction in the period in which they occur.

Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assetsinterest rate below current market rates for borrowers with similar risk profiles, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. In cases where borrowers are recognized if it is more-likely-than-not, basedgranted new terms that provide for a reduction of either interest or principal, management measures any impairment on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more-likely-than-not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measuredrestructuring as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.noted above for impaired loans.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense. No uncertain tax positions were recorded in 2020 or 2019.

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
Basic earnings per share represents income available to common stockholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects additional potential common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate to shares to be issued as part of the employee stock purchase plan and are determined using the treasury stock method. Nonvested restricted stock shares are included in the calculation of basic earnings per share due to their rights to voting and dividends.

TRUST ASSETS AND INCOME
Securities and other property held by Trust in a fiduciary or agency capacity are not assets of the Company and are not included in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.

ADVERTISING EXPENSES
Advertising expenses are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense for the years ended 2020 and 2019 was $230 thousand and $207 thousand, respectively.


5350

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income, net of tax. Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available-for-sale which is also recognized a separate component of equity.

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in Note 16. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Recent accounting pronouncements affecting the Corporation are described in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” under the heading “Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies-Recent Significant Accounting Pronouncements.”

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In reporting the results of the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company has provided supplemental financial measures on a tax-equivalent or an adjusted basis. These non-GAAP financial measures are a supplement to GAAP, which is used to prepare the Company’s financial statements, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. In addition, the Company’s non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to non-GAAP financial measures of other companies. The Company uses the non-GAAP financial measures discussed herein in its analysis of the Company’s performance. The Company’s management believes that these non-GAAP financial measures provide additional understanding of ongoing operations and enhance comparability of results of operations with prior periods presented without the impact of items or events that may obscure trends in the Company’s underlying performance.  A reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures used by the Company to evaluate and measure the Company’s performance to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures is presented below.

TABLE 14: Non-GAAP FINACIAL MEASURES
  Years Ended December 31, 
(dollar in thousands, except per share data) 2021  2020 
Fully Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income      
Net interest income (GAAP) 
$
38,794
  
$
34,717
 
FTE adjustment  
248
   
187
 
Net interest income (FTE) (non-GAAP) 
$
39,042
  
$
34,904
 
Noninterest income (GAAP)  
14,885
   
14,698
 
Total revenue (FTE) (non-GAAP) 
$
53,927
  
$
49,602
 
Noninterest expense (GAAP)  
43,149
   
42,505
 
         
Average earning assets 
$
1,197,028
  
$
1,092,567
 
Net interest margin  
3.24
%
  
3.18
%
Net interest margin (FTE) (non-GAAP)  
3.26
%
  
3.19
%
         
Tangible Book Value Per Share        
Total Stockholders Equity (GAAP) 
$
120,818
  
$
117,145
 
Less goodwill  
1,650
   
1,650
 
Less core deposit intangible  
275
   
319
 
Tangible Stockholders Equity (non-GAAP) 
$
118,893
  
$
115,176
 
         
Shares issued and outstanding  
5,239,707
   
5,224,019
 
         
Book value per share 
$
23.06
  
$
22.42
 
Tangible book value per share 
$
22.69
  
$
22.05
 
         
ALLL as a Percentage of Loans Held for Investment        
Loans held for investment  (net of deferred fees and costs) (GAAP) 
$
843,526
  
$
836,300
 
Less PPP originations  
19,008
   
85,983
 
Loans held for investment, (net of deferred fees and costs), excluding PPP (non-GAAP) 
$
824,518
  
$
750,317
 
         
ALLL 
$
9,865
  
$
9,541
 
         
ALLL as a Percentage of Loans Held for Investment  
1.17
%
  
1.14
%
ALLL as a Percentage of Loans Held for Investment, net of PPP originations  
1.20
%
  
1.27
%

Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not required.

Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The Consolidated Financial Statements and related footnotes of the Company are presented below followed by the financial statements of the Parent.

graphic

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors
Old Point Financial Corporation
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Old Point Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Allowance for Loan Losses – Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment – Qualitative Adjustment Factors

Description of the Matter
As described in Note 1 (Significant Accounting Policies) and Note 4 (Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses) to the financial statements, the Company’s allowance for loan losses is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged against earnings.  The Company’s allowance for loan losses has three basic components, an allocated component and two general components. At December 31, 2021, the allocated component amounted to $128,000 of the total allowance for loan losses of $9,865,000. The remaining $9,737,000 was comprised of two general components: (1) a historical loss component amounting to $1,846,000 and (2) a qualitative adjustment factor component amounting to $7,891,000. For loans that are not specifically identified for impairment, the general allowance uses historical loss experience along with various qualitative factors to develop adjusted loss factors for each loan segment.  The qualitative adjustment factors to the historical loss experience are established by applying an allocation to the loan segments identified by management based on their assessment of shared risk characteristics within groups of similar loans in addition to their historical loss experience calculated using a migration analysis. Qualitative adjustment factors are determined based on management’s continuing evaluation of inputs and assumptions underlying the quality of the loan portfolio. Management evaluates qualitative factors, primarily considering national, regional and local economic trends and business conditions; concentrations of credit; trends in delinquencies, nonaccrual loans, and classified loans; trends in nature and volume of loans; trends in collateral values for collateral dependent loans, underwriting standards, and lending policies; experience of lending officers, management and other staff; changes in loan review systems; and other external competitive pressures, legal and regulatory factors.    

Management exercised significant judgment when assessing the qualitative adjustment factors in estimating the allowance for loan losses. We identified the assessment of the qualitative adjustment factors as a critical audit matter as auditing the qualitative adjustment factors involved especially complex and subjective auditor judgment in evaluating management’s assessment of the inherently subjective estimates.

How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
The primary audit procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:
Obtaining an understanding of controls over the evaluation of qualitative factors, including management's development and review of the data inputs used as the basis for the allocation factors and management's review and approval of the reasonableness of the assumptions used to develop the qualitative adjustments
Substantively testing management’s process, including evaluating their judgments and assumptions for developing the qualitative factors, which included:
Evaluating the completeness and accuracy of data inputs used as a basis for the qualitative adjustment factors.
Evaluating the reasonableness of management’s judgments related to the determination of qualitative adjustment factors.
Evaluating the qualitative adjustment factors for directional consistency and for reasonableness.
Testing the mathematical accuracy of the allowance calculation, including the application of the qualitative adjustment factors.
/s/ Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C.
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2004.
Richmond, Virginia
March 31, 2022
Old Point Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
  December 31,
  December 31, 
(dollars in thousands, except share data) 2021
  2020
 
Assets      
       
Cash and due from banks 
$
13,424
  
$
21,799
 
Interest-bearing due from banks  
164,073
   
98,633
 
Federal funds sold  
10,425
   
5
 
Cash and cash equivalents  
187,922
   
120,437
 
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value  
234,321
   
186,409
 
Restricted securities, at cost  
1,034
   
1,367
 
Loans held for sale  
3,287
   
14,413
 
Loans, net  
833,661
   
826,759
 
Premises and equipment, net  
32,134
   
33,613
 
Premises and equipment, held for sale  
871
   
0
 
Bank-owned life insurance  
28,168
   
28,386
 
Goodwill  
1,650
   
1,650
 
Core deposit intangible, net  
275
   
319
 
Other assets  
14,832
   
12,838
 
Total assets 
$
1,338,155
  
$
1,226,191
 
         
Liabilities & Stockholders’ Equity        
         
Deposits:        
Noninterest-bearing deposits 
$
421,531
  
$
360,602
 
Savings deposits  
586,450
   
512,936
 
Time deposits  
169,118
   
193,698
 
Total deposits  
1,177,099
   
1,067,236
 
Overnight repurchase agreements  
4,536
   
6,619
 
Federal Reserve Bank borrowings  
480
   
28,550
 
Long term borrowings  
29,407
   
1,350
 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities  
5,815
   
5,291
 
Total liabilities  
1,217,337
   
1,109,046
 
         
Stockholders’ equity:        
Common stock, $5 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; 5,239,707 and 5,224,019 shares outstanding (includes 38,435 and 29,576 of nonvested restricted stock, respectively)
  
26,006
   
25,972
 
Additional paid-in capital  
21,458
   
21,245
 
Retained earnings  
71,679
   
65,859
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net  
1,675
   
4,069
Total stockholders’ equity  
120,818
   
117,145
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 
$
1,338,155
  
$
1,226,191
 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Old Point Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income

  
Years Ended
December 31,
 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 2021
  2020
 
Interest and Dividend Income:      
Loans, including fees 
$
37,912
  
$
36,012
 
Due from banks  
230
   
267
 
Federal funds sold  
3
   
12
 
Securities:        
Taxable  
3,284
   
3,068
 
Tax-exempt  
753
   
516
 
Dividends and interest on all other securities  
70
   
134
 
Total interest and dividend income  
42,252
   
40,009
 
         
Interest Expense:        
Checking and savings deposits  
938
   
1,080
 
Time deposits  
1,941
   
3,337
 
Federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings
  
35
   
150
 
Long term borrowings  544   0 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances  
0
   
725
 
Total interest expense  
3,458
   
5,292
 
Net interest income  
38,794
   
34,717
 
Provision for loan losses  
794
   
1,000
 
Net interest income after provision for loan losses  
38,000
   
33,717
 
         
Noninterest Income:        
Fiduciary and asset management fees  
4,198
   
3,877
 
Service charges on deposit accounts  
2,866
   
2,872
 
Other service charges, commissions and fees  
4,169
   
4,028
 
Bank-owned life insurance income  
1,014
   
839
 
Mortgage banking income  
2,280
   
1,781
 
Gain on sale of available-for-sale securities, net  
0
   
264
 
Gain on sale of fixed assets  
0
   
818
 
Other operating income  
358
   
219
 
Total noninterest income  
14,885
   
14,698
 
         
Noninterest Expense:        
Salaries and employee benefits  
25,361
   
25,512
 
Occupancy and equipment  
4,694
   
4,852
 
Data processing  
4,557
   
3,478
 
Customer development  
370
   
381
 
Professional services  
2,521
   
2,196
 
Employee professional development  
719
   
658
 
Other taxes  
794
   
661
 
ATM and other losses  
504
   
871
 
Loss on extinguishment of borrowings  
0
   
490
 
(Gain) on other real estate owned  
0
  
(62
)
Loss on sale of loans  
0
   
99
 
Other operating expenses  
3,629
   
3,369
 
Total noninterest expense  
43,149
   
42,505
 
Income before income taxes  
9,736
   
5,910
 
Income tax expense  
1,296
   
521
 
Net income 
$
8,440
  
$
5,389
 
         
Basic Earnings per Share:        
Weighted average shares outstanding  
5,238,318
   
5,216,237
 
Net income per share of common stock 
$
1.61
  
$
1.03
 
         
Diluted Earnings per Share:        
Weighted average shares outstanding  
5,238,352
   
5,216,441
 
Net income per share of common stock 
$
1.61
  
$
1.03
 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Old Point Financial Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income


 
Years Ended
December 31,
 
(dollars in thousands) 2021
  2020
 
       
Net income 
$
8,440
  
$
5,389
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax        
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities  
(2,394
)
  
4,357
 
Reclassification for gain included in net income  
0
   
(209
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax  
(2,394
)
  
4,148
 
Comprehensive income 
$
6,046
  
$
9,537
 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Old Point Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

(dollars in thousands, except share and per share data) 
Shares of
Common
Stock
  
Common
Stock
  
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
  
Retained
Earnings
  
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
  Total 
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021             
                   
Balance at December 31, 2020
  
5,194,443
  
$
25,972
  
$
21,245
  
$
65,859
  
$
4,069
  
$
117,145
 
Net income  
-
   
0
   
0
   
8,440
   
0
   
8,440
 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax  
-
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
(2,394
)
  
(2,394
)
Employee Stock Purchase Plan share issuance  
4,908
   
24
   
79
   
0
   
0
   
103
 
Common stock purchased  (6,600)  (33)  (117)  0   0   (150)
Restricted stock vested  
8,521
   
43
   
(43
)
  
0
   
0
   
0
 
Stock-based compensation expense  
-
   
0
   
294
   
0
   
0
   
294
 
Cash dividends ($0.50 per share)
  
-
   
0
   
0
   
(2,620
)
  
0
   
(2,620
)
                         
Balance at end of period  
5,201,272
  
$
26,006
  
$
21,458
  
$
71,679
  
$
1,675
  
$
120,818
 
                         
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020                 
                         
Balance at December 31, 2019
  
5,180,105
  
$
25,901
  
$
20,959
  
$
62,975
  
$
(79
)
 
$
109,756
 
Net income  
-
   
0
   
0
   
5,389
   
0
   
5,389
 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax  
-
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
4,148
   
4,148
 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan share issuance  
5,819
   
29
   
67
   
0
   
0
   
96
 
Restricted stock vested  
8,519
   
42
   
(42
)
  
0
   
0
   
0
 
Stock-based compensation expense  
-
   
0
   
261
   
0
   
0
   
261
 
Cash dividends ($0.48 per share)
  
-
   
0
   
0
   
(2,505
)
  
0
   
(2,505
)
                         
Balance at end of period  
5,194,443
  
$
25,972
  
$
21,245
  
$
65,859
  
$
4,069
  
$
117,145
 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Old Point Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
  Years Ended December 31, 
(unaudited dollars in thousands) 2021
  2020
 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES      
Net income 
$
8,440
  
$
5,389
 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:     
Depreciation and amortization  
2,091
   
2,145
 
Amortization of right of use lease asset  
347
   
380
 
Accretion related to acquisition, net  
(2
)
  
(176
)
Amortization of  subordinated debt issuance costs  60   0 
Provision for loan losses  
794
   
1,000
 
Gain on sale of securities, net  
0
   
(264
)
Net amortization of securities  989   
627
 
Decrease (increase) in loans held for sale, net  
11,126
   
(13,823
)
Net (gain) loss on disposal of premises and equipment  
0
   
(818
)
Net gain on write-down/sale of other real estate owned  
0
   
(62
)
Income from bank owned life insurance  
(1,014
)
  
(839
)
Stock compensation expense  
294
   
261
 
Deferred tax expense (benefit)  
275
   
(634
)
Decrease in other assets  
(748
)
  
(966
)
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities  
524
   
(855
)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities  
23,176
   
(8,635
)
         
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES        
Purchases of available-for-sale securities  
(90,070
)
  
(73,057
)
Proceeds from redemption (purchase) of restricted securities, net  
333
   
1,559
 
Proceeds from maturities and calls of available-for-sale securities  
11,780
   
10,747
 
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities  
6,880
   
13,944
 
Paydowns on available-for-sale securities  
19,479
   
12,559
 
Net increase in loans held for investment  
(7,650
)
  
(89,588
)
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned  
0
   
316
 
Purchases of premises and equipment  
(1,514
)
  
(924
)
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment  
31
   
2,203
 
Net cash used in investing activities  
(60,731
)
  
(122,241
)
         
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES        
Increase in noninterest-bearing deposits  
60,929
   
98,044
 
Increase in savings deposits  
73,514
   
113,916
 
Decrease in time deposits  
(24,580
)
  
(34,220
)
Increase (decrease) in federal funds purchased, repurchase agreements and other borrowings, net  
(3,433
)
  
(5,433
)
Increase in Federal Home Loan Bank advances  
0
   
25,000
 
Repayment of Federal Home Loan Bank advances  
0
   
(62,000
)
Increase in Federal Reserve Bank borrowings  
0
   
37,515
 
Repayment of Federal Reserve Bank borrowings  
(28,070
)
  
(8,965
)
Increase in long term borrowings
  29,347   96 
Proceeds from ESPP issuance  
103
   
0
 
Repurchase of common stock
  (150)  0 
Cash dividends paid on common stock  
(2,620
)
  
(2,505
)
Net cash provided by financing activities  
105,040
   
161,448
 
         
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents  
67,485
   
30,572
 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period  
120,437
   
89,865
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 
$
187,922
  
$
120,437
 
         
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION        
Cash payments for:        
Interest 
$
3,149
  
$
5,528
 
         
SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE OF NONCASH TRANSACTIONS        
Unrealized (loss) gain on securities available-for-sale 
$
(3,030
)
 
$
5,250
 
Loans transferred to other real estate owned 
$
0
  
$
254
 
Former bank property transferred from fixed assets to held for sale assets 
$
902
  
$
0
 
Right of use lease asset and liability 
$
0
  
$
1,312
 
Receivable for BOLI death benefit
 $1,232  $0 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1, Significant Accounting Policies

THE COMPANY
Headquartered in Hampton, Virginia, Old Point Financial Corporation is a holding company that conducts substantially all of its operations through 2 subsidiaries, The Old Point National Bank of Phoebus and Old Point Trust & Financial Services, N.A. The Bank serves individual and commercial customers, the majority of which are in Hampton Roads, Virginia. As of December 31, 2021, the Bank had 16 branch offices. During the first quarter of 2022, two planned branch closures were completed.The Bank offers a full range of deposit and loan products to its retail and commercial customers, including mortgage loan products offered through Old Point Mortgage. A full array of insurance products is also offered through Old Point Insurance, LLC in partnership with Morgan Marrow Company. Trust offers a full range of services for individuals and businesses. Products and services include retirement planning, estate planning, financial planning, estate and trust administration, retirement plan administration, tax services and investment management services.

PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Old Point Financial Corporation (the Company) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, The Old Point National Bank of Phoebus (the Bank) and Old Point Trust & Financial Services N.A. (Trust). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

BASIS OF PRESENTATION
In preparing Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated balance sheets and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and evaluation of goodwill for impairment.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant disruption in economic activity worldwide, including in market areas served by the Company. Estimates for the allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2021 include probable and estimable losses related to the pandemic. While there have been signals of economic recovery and a resumption of many types of business activity, there remains significant uncertainty in the probable and estimable measurement of these losses. If there are further challenges to the economic recovery, then additional provision for loan losses may be required in future periods. It is unknown how long these conditions will last and what the ultimate financial impact will be to the Company. Depending on the severity and duration of the economic consequences of the pandemic, the Company’s goodwill may become impaired.

SIGNIFICANT GROUP CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK
Most of the Company’s activities are with customers located within the Hampton Roads region. The types of securities that the Company invests in are included in Note 3. The types of lending that the Company engages in are included in Note 4. The Company has significant concentrations in the following industries: construction, lessors of real estate, activities related to real estate, ambulatory health care and religious organizations. The Company does not have any significant concentrations to any one customer.

At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were $460.1 million and $383.4 million, or 54.5% and 45.8%, respectively, of total loans concentrated in commercial real estate. Commercial real estate for purposes of this note includes all construction loans, loans secured by multifamily residential properties, loans secured by farmland and loans secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties. Refer to Note 4 for further detail.

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash and balances due from banks and federal funds sold, all of which mature within 90 days. The Bank is typically required to maintain cash reserve balances on hand or with the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB). At December 31, 2021, there was no minimum reserve requirement as a result of a rule adopted by the FRB in March 2020 eliminating the reserve requirement.

INTEREST-BEARING DEPOSITS IN BANKS
Interest-bearing deposits in banks mature within one year and are carried at cost.

SECURITIES
Certain debt securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and recorded at amortized cost. Securities not classified as held-to-maturity, excluding equity securities with readily determinable fair values which are recorded at fair value through the income statement, are classified as available-for-sale and recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in accumulated other comprehensive income. Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities. Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific identification method. The Company has no trading securities.

47

The Company evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. The Company employs a systematic methodology that considers available evidence in evaluating potential impairment of its investments. In the event that the cost of an investment exceeds its fair value, the Company evaluates, among other factors, the magnitude and duration of the decline in fair value; the expected cash flows of the securities; the financial health of and business outlook for the issuer; the performance of the underlying assets for interests in securitized assets; and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the investment. Once a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded in investment income and a new cost basis in the investment is established.

RESTRICTED SECURITIES, AT COST
The Company, as a member of the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (FHLB), is required to maintain an investment in the capital stock of both the FRB and the FHLB. The Company also has an investment in the capital stock of Community Bankers’ Bank (CBB). Based on the redemption provisions of these investments, the stocks have no quoted market value, are carried at cost and are listed as restricted securities. The Company reviews its holdings for impairment based on the ultimate recoverability of the cost basis in the FRB, FHLB, and CBB stock.

LOANS HELD FOR SALE
The Company records loans held for sale using the lower of cost or fair value. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to income. Any changes in the application of lower of cost or market accounting of loans held for sale is recorded as a component of “Mortgage banking income” within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.

LOANS
The Company extends loans to individual consumers and commercial customers for various purposes. Most of the Company’s loans are secured by real estate, including real estate construction loans, real estate commercial loans, and real estate mortgage loans (i.e., residential 1-4 family mortgages, second mortgages and equity lines of credit).  Other loans are secured by collateral that is not real estate, which may include inventory, accounts receivable, equipment or other personal property. A substantial portion of the loan portfolio is represented by real estate mortgage loans throughout Hampton Roads. The ability of the Company’s debtors to honor their contracts is dependent in part upon the real estate and general economic conditions in this area.

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off generally are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances adjusted for unearned income, the allowance for loan losses and any unamortized deferred fees or costs on originated loans.

For loans amortized at cost, interest income is accrued based on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, as well as premiums and discounts, are deferred and amortized as a level yield adjustment over the respective term of the loan.

PAYCHECK PROTECTION PROGRAM
Beginning in April 2020, the Company originated loans under the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) of the Small Business Administration (SBA). PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA, and in some cases borrowers may be eligible to obtain forgiveness of the loans, in which case loans would be repaid by the SBA. As repayment of the PPP loans is guaranteed by the SBA, the Company does not recognize a reserve for PPP loans in its allowance for loan losses. The Company received fees from the SBA of 1percent to 5percent of the principal amount of each loan originated under the PPP. Fees received from the SBA are recognized net of direct origination costs in interest income over the life of the related loans. Recognition of fees related to PPP loans is dependent upon the timing of ultimate repayment or forgiveness. Aggregate fees from the SBA of $4.6 million, net of direct costs, will be recognized in interest income over the life of the loans, of which $630 thousand remains unrecognized as of December 31, 2021. In 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized $3.2 million and $813 thousand in net loan fees related to PPP loans in interest income on loans in the Consolidated Statement of Income, respectively.

NONACCRUALS, PAST DUES AND CHARGE-OFFS
The accrual of interest on commercial loans (including construction loans and commercial loans secured and not secured by real estate) is generally discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection. Consumer loans not secured by real estate and consumer real estate secured loans (i.e., residential 1-4 family mortgages, second mortgages and equity lines of credit) are generally placed on nonaccrual status when payments are 120 days past due. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan agreement, and loans are considered past due when a payment of principal and/or interest is due but not paid. Regular payments not received within the payment cycle are considered to be 30, 60, or 90 or more days past due accordingly. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual status or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

48

All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual status or charged off is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash basis or cost recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual status or charged off. Loans are generally returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured, or when the borrower has resumed paying the full amount of the scheduled contractual interest and principal payments for at least six months.

Loans are generally fully charged off or partially charged down to the fair value of collateral securing the asset when:
Management determines the asset to be uncollectible;
Repayment is deemed to be protracted beyond reasonable time frames;
The asset has been classified as a loss by either the internal loan review process or external examiners;
The borrower has filed for bankruptcy protection and the loss becomes evident due to a lack of borrower assets; or
The loan is 120 days or more past due unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection.

ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
The ALLL is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

The allowance consists of allocated and general components. The allocated component relates to loans that are classified as impaired, such as a loan that is considered a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) (discussed in detail below). These loans are excluded from pooled loss forecasts and a separate reserve is provided under the accounting guidance for loan impairment. All loans, including consumer loans, whose terms have been modified in a TDR are also individually analyzed for estimated impairment. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for construction loans and commercial loans (i.e., commercial mortgage loans on real estate and commercial loans not secured by real estate) by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. For those loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted value of expected future cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired.

The general component covers loans that are not classified as impaired. Loans collectively evaluated for impairment are pooled, with a historical loss rate, based on migration analysis, applied to each pool, segmented by risk grade or days past due, depending on the type of loan.  Based on credit risk assessments and management’s analysis of qualitative factors, additional loss factors are applied to loan balances. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer and consumer loans secured by real estate (i.e., residential 1-4 family mortgages, second mortgages and equity lines of credit) for impairment disclosures, unless the terms of such loans have been modified in a TDR due to financial difficulties of the borrower.

Each portfolio segment has risk characteristics as follows:
Commercial and industrial: Commercial loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business or project, in addition to other risks associated with the ownership of a business. The repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time and cannot be appraised with as much precision.
Real estate-construction: Construction loans carry risks that the project will not be finished according to schedule, the project will not be finished according to budget and the value of the collateral may at any point in time be less than the principal amount of the loan. Construction loans also bear the risk that the general contractor, who may or may not be the loan customer, may be unable to finish the construction project as planned because of financial pressure unrelated to the project.
49

Real estate-mortgage: Residential mortgage loans and equity lines of credit carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral.
Real estate-commercial: Commercial real estate loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business if owner occupied. If non-owner occupied, the repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flow from rent receipts.
Consumer loans: Consumer loans carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrowers and the value of the collateral. Consumer loans are more likely than real estate loans to be immediately adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy.
Other loans: Other loans are loans to mortgage companies, loans for purchasing or carrying securities, and loans to insurance, investment and finance companies. These loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time, depend on interest rates or fluctuate in active trading markets.
Each segment of the portfolio is pooled by risk grade or by days past due. Loans not secured by real estate and made to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures are segmented into pools based on days past due, while all other loans, including loans to consumers that are secured by real estate, are segmented by risk grades. A historical loss percentage is then calculated by migration analysis and applied to each pool. The migration analysis applied to all pools is able to track the risk grading and historical performance of individual loans throughout a number of periods set by management, which provides management with information regarding trends (or migrations) in a particular loan segment. At December 31, 2021 and 2020 management used 8 12-quarter migration periods.

Based on credit risk assessments and management’s analysis of qualitative factors, additional loss factors are applied to loan balances. These additional qualitative factors include: economic conditions (including uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic), trends in growth, loan concentrations, changes in certain loans, changes in underwriting, changes in management and changes in the legal and regulatory environment.

Acquired loans are recorded at their fair value at acquisition date without carryover of the acquiree’s previously established ALL, as credit discounts are included in the determination of fair value. The fair value of the loans is determined using market participant assumptions in estimating the amount and timing of both principal and interest cash flows expected to be collected on the loans and then applying a market-based discount rate to those cash flows. During evaluation upon acquisition, acquired loans are also classified as either purchased credit-impaired (PCI) or purchased performing.

PCI loans reflect credit quality deterioration since origination, as it is probable at acquisition that the Company will not be able to collect all contractually required payments. These PCI loans are accounted for under ASC 310-30, Receivables – Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. The PCI loans are segregated into pools based on loan type and credit risk. Loan type is determined based on collateral type, purpose, and lien position. Credit risk characteristics include risk rating groups, nonaccrual status, and past due status. For valuation purposes, these pools are further disaggregated by maturity, pricing characteristics, and re-payment structure. The difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is referred to as the nonaccretable difference and is not recorded. Any excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized as interest income over the remaining life of the loan when there is a reasonable expectation about the amount and timing of such cash flows.


On an annual basis, the estimate of cash flows expected to be collected on PCI loans is evaluated. Estimates of cash flows for PCI loans require significant judgment. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows will generally result in a provision for loan losses resulting in an increase to the allowance for loan losses. Subsequent significant increases in cash flows may result in a reversal of post-acquisition provision for loan losses or a transfer from nonaccretable difference to accretable yield that increases interest income over the remaining life of the loan, or pool(s) of loans. Disposals of loans, which may include sale of loans to third parties, receipt of payments in full or in part from the borrower or foreclosure of the collateral, result in removal of the loan from the PCI loan portfolio at its carrying amount.

The Company accounts for purchased performing loans using the contractual cash flows method of recognizing discount accretion based on the acquired loans’ contractual cash flows. Purchased performing loans are recorded at fair value, including a credit discount.  The fair value discount is accreted as an adjustment to yield over the estimated lives of the loans. There is no allowance for loan losses established at the acquisition date for purchased performing loans. A provision for loan losses may be required for any deterioration in these loans in future periods.

TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS
In situations where, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, management grants a concession for other than an insignificant period of time to the borrower that would not otherwise be considered, the related loan is classified as a TDR. Management strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty before their loans reach nonaccrual status and works with them to grant appropriate concessions, if necessary, and modify their loans to more affordable terms. These modified terms could include reduction in the interest rate below current market rates for borrowers with similar risk profiles, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. In cases where borrowers are granted new terms that provide for a reduction of either interest or principal, management measures any impairment on the restructuring as noted above for impaired loans.

50

TRANSFERS OF FINANCIAL ASSETS
Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company (i.e., put presumptively beyond the reach of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership); (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets.

OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED (OREO)
Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value less cost to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance (direct write-downs) are included in gain on other real estate owned on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

BANK-OWNED LIFE INSURANCE
The Company owns insurance on the lives of a certain group of key employees. The cash surrender value of these policies is included as an asset on the consolidated balance sheets, and the increase in cash surrender value is recorded as noninterest income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. In the event of the death of an insured individual under these policies, the Company would receive a death benefit payment. Any excess in the amount received over the recorded cash surrender value would be recorded as other operating income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT
Land is carried at cost. Buildings and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization computed on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Buildings and equipment are depreciated over their estimated useful lives ranging from 3 to 39 years; leasehold improvements are amortized over the lives of the respective leases or the estimated useful life of the leasehold improvement, whichever is less. Software is amortized over its estimated useful life ranging from 3 to 5 years.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET CREDIT RELATED FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into commitments to extend credit, including commitments under commercial letters of credit and lines of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

STOCK COMPENSATION PLANS
Stock compensation accounting guidance (FASB ASC 718, “Compensation -- Stock Compensation”) requires that the compensation cost related to share-based payment transactions be recognized in financial statements. That cost will be measured based on the grant date fair value of the equity or liability instruments issued. The stock compensation accounting guidance covers a wide range of share-based compensation arrangements including stock options, restricted share plans, performance-based awards, share appreciation rights and employee share purchase plans.

The stock compensation accounting guidance requires that compensation cost for all stock awards be calculated and recognized over the employees’ service period, generally defined as the vesting period. For awards with graded-vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. A Black Scholes model is used to estimate the fair value of the stock options, while the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant is used for restricted stock awards.

REVENUE RECOGNITION:  Revenue recognized from contracts with customers is accounted for under ASC 606 and is primarily included in the Company’s noninterest income.  Fiduciary and asset management fees are earned as the Company satisfies it performance obligation over time.  Additional services are transactional-based and the revenue is recognized as incurred.  Service charges on deposit accounts consist account analysis fees, monthly service fees, and other deposit account related fees.  Account analysis and monthly service fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the Company satisfies the performance obligation. Other deposit account related fees are largely transactional based and therefore fees are recognized at the point in time when the Company has satisfied its performance obligation. The Company earns other service charges, commissions and fees from its customers for transaction-based services. Such services include debit card, ATM, merchant services, investment services, and other service charges.  In each case, these service charges and fees are recognized in income at the time or within the same period that the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied. The Company earns interchange fees from debit cardholder transactions conducted through various payment networks. Interchange fees from cardholder transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services.

51

INCOME TAXES
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax accounting guidance (FASB ASC 740, “Income Taxes”). The Company adopted the accounting guidance related to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, which sets out a consistent framework to determine the appropriate level of tax reserves to maintain for uncertain tax positions.

Income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability or balance sheet method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the difference between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur.

Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are recognized if it is more-likely-than-not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more-likely-than-not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of both positive and negative evidence available, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense. NaN uncertain tax positions were recorded in 2021 or 2020.

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
Basic earnings per share represents income available to common stockholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects additional potential common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate to shares to be issued as part of the employee stock purchase plan and are determined using the treasury stock method. Nonvested restricted stock shares are included in the calculation of basic earnings per share due to their rights to voting and dividends.

TRUST ASSETS AND INCOME
Securities and other property held by Trust in a fiduciary or agency capacity are not assets of the Company and are not included in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.

ADVERTISING EXPENSES
Advertising expenses are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense for the years ended 2021 and 2020 was $217 thousand and $230 thousand, respectively.

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income, net of tax. Other comprehensive income, net of tax includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available-for-sale which is also recognized a separate component of equity.

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in Note 16. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The amendments in this ASU, among other things, require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The FASB has issued multiple updates to ASU No. 2016-13 as codified in Topic 326, including ASU No. 2019-04, ASU No. 2019-05,
ASU No. 2019-10, ASU No. 2019-11, ASU No. 2020-02, and ASU No. 2020-03. These ASUs have provided for various minor technical corrections and improvements to the codification as well as other transition matters. Smaller reporting companies who fileThe new standard will be effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2023.

52

The amendments of ASC 326, upon adoption, will be applied on a modified retrospective basis, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and all other entities who do not file withcumulative effect of adopting the SEC are requirednew standard being recorded as an adjustment to applyopening retained earnings in the guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2022.period of adoption. The Company has formedestablished a committee to oversee the adoption of the new standard,ASC 326. The Company has engaged a third partyvendor to assist with implementation, hasin modeling expected lifetime losses under ASC 326, gathered historical loan loss data for purposes of evaluating appropriate portfolio segmentation and modeling methods under the standard, performed procedures to validate the historical loan loss data fit gapto ensure its suitability and loss driver analyses, intends to run parallel models beginning in 2021,reliability for purposes of developing an estimate of expected credit losses under ASC 326, and is continuing to evaluatedevelop and refine an approach to estimating the impact that ASU No. 2016-13allowance for credit losses. The adoption of ASC 326 will have on itsresult in significant changes to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Effective November 25, 2019,statements, which may include changes in the SEC adopted Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 119. SAB 119 updated portionslevel of SEC interpretative guidance to align with FASB ASC 326, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses.” It covers topics including (1) measuring current expectedthe allowance for credit losses; (2) development, governance,losses that will be considered adequate, a reduction in total equity and documentationregulatory capital of a systematic methodology; (3) documenting the resultsBank, differences in the timing of a systematic methodology; and (4) validating a systematic methodology.

On March 12, 2020, the SEC finalized amendmentsrecognizing changes to the definitionsallowance for credit losses and expanded disclosures about the allowance for credit losses. The Company has not yet determined an estimate of its “accelerated filer” and “large accelerated filer” definitions.the effect of these changes. The amendments increaseadoption of the threshold criteria for meeting these filer classifications and were effective on April 27, 2020. Anystandard will also result in significant changes in filer status are to be applied beginning with the filer’s first Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC subsequent to the effective date. Prior to these changes, the Company was required to comply with Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 concerning auditor attestation overCompany’s internal control over financial reporting as an “accelerated filer” as it had more than $75 million in public float but less than $700 million at the end of the Company’s most recent second fiscal quarter. The rule change expands the definition of “non-accelerated filer” to include entities with public float between $75 million and $700 million and less than $100 million in annual revenues. The Company met this expanded category of non-accelerated filer and is no longer considered an accelerated filer, as of this report. If the Company’s annual revenues exceed $100 million, its category will change back to “accelerated filer”. The classifications of “accelerated filer” and “large accelerated filer” require a public company to obtain an auditor attestation concerning the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting (ICFR) and include the opinion on ICFR in its Annual Report on Form 10-K. Non-accelerated filers also have additional time to file quarterly and annual financial statements. All public companies are required to obtain and file annual financial statement audits, as well as provide management’s assertion on effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, but the external auditor attestation of internal control over financial reporting is not required for non-accelerated filers. As the Bank has total assets exceeding $1.0 billion, it remains subjectrelated to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Act of 1991, or FDICIA, which requires an auditor attestation concerning internal controls over financial reporting. As such, other than the additional time provided to file quarterly and annual financial statements, this change does not significantly change the Company’s annual reporting and audit requirements.allowance for credit losses.


Other accounting standards that have been issued by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies are not currently expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.


ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADOPTED IN 2020
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (ASU 2017-04). ASU 2017-04 simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment for all entities by requiring impairment charges to be based on the first step in the previous two-step impairment test. Under the new guidance, if a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, an entity will record an impairment charge based on that difference. The impairment charge will be limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The standard eliminates the prior requirement to calculate a goodwill impairment charge using Step 2, which requires an entity to calculate any impairment charge by comparing the implied fair value of goodwill with its carrying amount. ASU No. 2017-04 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 and did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

54

Index
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” (ASU 2018-13). ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements by requiring that Level 3 fair value disclosures include the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop those fair value measurements. For certain unobservable inputs, an entity may disclose other quantitative information in lieu of the weighted average if the entity determines that other quantitative information would be a more reasonable and rational method to reflect the distribution of unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. Certain disclosure requirements in Topic 820 were also removed or modified. ASU No. 2018-13 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 and did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020 (revised in April 2020), various regulatory agencies, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, (the agencies) issued an interagency statement on loan modifications and reporting for financial institutions working with customers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The interagency statement was effective immediately and impacted accounting for loan modifications. Under ASU No. 310-40, “Receivables – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors,” (ASC 310-40), a restructuring of debt constitutes a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) if the creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. The agencies confirmed with the staff of the FASB that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief, are not to be considered TDRs. This includes short-term (e.g., six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. Borrowers considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their contractual payments at the time a modification program is implemented. This interagency guidance may have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements; however, this impact cannot be quantified at this time. Refer to Note 4 for further discussion.

NOTE 2, Restrictions on Cash and Amounts Due from Banks


The Company is subject to reserve balance requirements determined by applying the reserve ratios specified in the FRB’s Regulation D. At December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, the Company had no0 balance requirements on any of its accounts. The Company had approximately $9.8$3.9 million and $23.8$9.8 million in deposits in financial institutions in excess of amounts insured by the FDIC at December 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively.


NOTE 3, Securities Portfolio


The amortized cost and fair value, with gross unrealized gains and losses, of securities available-for-sale were:


 December 31, 2020  December 31, 2021 
   Gross Gross       Gross  Gross    
 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair  Amortized  Unrealized  Unrealized  Fair 
(Dollars in thousands) Cost Gains (Losses) Value  Cost  Gains  (Losses)  Value 
U.S. Treasury securities 
$
6,980
  
$
63
  
$
-
  
$
7,043
  
$
15,052
  
$
0
  
$
(148
)
 
$
14,904
 
Obligations of U.S. Government agencies  
36,858
   
35
   
(197
)
  
36,696
   
38,651
   
75
   
(168
)
  
38,558
 
Obligations of state and policitcal subdivisions  
43,517
   
2,478
   
-
   
45,995
 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions  
64,132
   
1,948
   
(277
)
  
65,803
 
Mortgage-backed securities  
70,866
   
2,759
   
(124
)
  
73,501
   
88,511
   
1,348
   
(801
)
  
89,058
 
Money market investments  
4,743
   
-
   
-
   
4,743
   
2,413
   
0
   
0
   
2,413
 
Corporate bonds and other securities  
18,295
   
158
   
(22
)
  
18,431
   
23,441
   
261
   
(117
)
  
23,585
 
 
$
181,259
  
$
5,493
  
$
(343
)
 
$
186,409
  
$
232,200
  
$
3,632
  
$
(1,511
)
 
$
234,321
 


  December 31, 2020 
     Gross  Gross    
  Amortized  Unrealized  Unrealized  Fair 
(Dollars in thousands) Cost  Gains  (Losses)  Value 
U.S. Treasury securities 
$
6,980
  
$
63
  
$
0
  
$
7,043
 
Obligations of U.S. Government agencies  
36,858
   
35
   
(197
)
  
36,696
 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions  
43,517
   
2,478
   
0
  
45,995
 
Mortgage-backed securities  
70,866
   
2,759
   
(124
)
  
73,501
 
Money market investments  
4,743
   
0
   
0
   
4,743
 
Corporate bonds and other securities  
18,295
   
158
   
(22
)
  
18,431
 
  
$
181,259
  
$
5,493
  
$
(343
)
 
$
186,409
 
55

  December 31, 2019 
     Gross  Gross    
  Amortized  Unrealized  Unrealized  Fair 
(Dollars in thousands) Cost  Gains  (Losses)  Value 
U.S. Treasury securities 
$
6,925
  
$
78
  
$
-
  
$
7,003
 
Obligations of U.S. Government agencies  
33,998
   
9
   
(403
)
  
33,604
 
Obligations of state and policitcal subdivisions  
24,525
   
442
   
(225
)
  
24,742
 
Mortgage-backed securities  
72,000
   
460
   
(552
)
  
71,908
 
Money market investments  
3,825
   
-
   
-
   
3,825
 
Corporate bonds and other securities  
4,542
   
94
   
(3
)
  
4,633
 
  
$
145,815
  
$
1,083
  
$
(1,183
)
 
$
145,715
 


Securities with a fair value of $69.4$59.3 million and $74.0$69.4 million at December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, FHLB advances and for other purposes required or permitted by law.


53

At December 31, 2020,2021, the Company held no0 securities of any single issuer (excluding U.S. Government agencies) with a book value that exceeded 10 percent of stockholders’ equity.


The amortized cost and fair value of securities by contractual maturity are shown below.


 December 31, 2020  December 31, 2021 
 Amortized Fair  Amortized  Fair 
(Dollars in thousands) Cost Value  Cost  Value 
Due in one year or less 
$
7,080
 
$
7,145
  
$
200
  
$
195
 
Due after one year through five years 
4,430
 
4,617
   
13,045
   
13,341
 
Due after five through ten years 
45,981
 
47,665
   
69,739
   
70,559
 
Due after ten years 
119,025
 
122,239
   
146,803
   
147,813
 
Other securities, restricted  
4,743
  
4,743
   
2,413
   
2,413
 
 
$
181,259
 
$
186,409
  
$
232,200
  
$
234,321
 


The following table provides information about securities sold in the years ended December 31:


 
Year Ended
December 31,
  
Year Ended
December 31,
 
(Dollars in thousands) 2020 2019  2021
  2020
 
Securities Available-for-sale           
Realized gains on sales of securities 
$
265
 
$
575
  
$
0
  
$
265
 
Realized losses on sales of securities 
(1
)
 
(261
)
  
0
  
(1
)
Net realized gain 
$
264
 
$
314
  
$
0
  
$
264
 


OTHER-THAN-TEMPORARILY IMPAIRED SECURITIES
Management assesses whether the Company intends to sell or it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will be required to sell a security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current-period credit losses. For debt securities that are considered other-than-temporarily impaired and that the Company does not intend to sell and will not be required to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis, the Company separates the amount of the impairment into the amount that is credit related (credit loss component) and the amount due to all other factors. The credit loss component is recognized in earnings and is the difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and the present value of its expected future cash flows. The remaining difference between the security’s fair value and the present value of expected future cash flows is due to factors that are not credit related and is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income.income on the consolidated balance sheets.


The present value of expected future cash flows is determined using the best-estimate cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate implicit to the security at the date of purchase or the current yield to accrete an asset-backed or floating rate security. The methodology and assumptions for establishing the best-estimate cash flows vary depending on the type of security. The asset-backed securities cash flow estimates are based on bond specific facts and circumstances that may include collateral characteristics, expectations of delinquency and default rates, loss severity and prepayment speeds, and structural support, including subordination and guarantees.

56


The Company has a process in place to identify debt securities that could potentially have a credit or interest-rate related impairment that is other than temporary. This process involves monitoring late payments, pricing levels, downgrades by rating agencies, key financial ratios, financial statements, revenue forecasts, and cash flow projections as indicators of credit issues. On a quarterly basis, management reviews all securities to determine whether an other-than-temporary decline in value exists and whether losses should be recognized. Management considers relevant facts and circumstances in evaluating whether a credit or interest rate-related impairment of a security is other-than-temporary. Relevant facts and circumstances considered include: (a) the extent and length of time the fair value has been below cost; (b) the reasons for the decline in value; (c) the financial position and access to capital of the issuer, including the current and future impact of any specific events and (d) for fixed maturity securities, the Company’s intent to sell a security or whether it is more-likely-than-not the Company will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized cost which, in some cases, may extend to maturity and for equity securities, the Company’s ability and intent to hold the security for a period of time that allows for the recovery in value.


The Company did not0t record impairment charges through income on securities for the years ended December 31, 20202021 and 2019.2020.


54

The following tables show the number of securities with unrealized losses, the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s investments with unrealized losses that are deemed to be temporarily impaired, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of the dates indicated:


 December 31, 2020    December 31, 2021 
 Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total    Less than 12 months  12 months or more  Total 
 Gross   Gross   Gross   Number  Gross     Gross     Gross    
 Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair of  Unrealized  Fair  Unrealized  Fair  Unrealized  Fair 
(Dollars in thousands) Losses Value Losses Value Losses Value Securities  Losses  Value  Losses  Value  Losses  Value 
U.S. Treasury securities
 $
148  $
14,904  $
0  $
0  $
148  $
14,904 
Obligations of U.S. Government agencies 
$
8
 
$
2,810
 
$
189
 
$
17,191
 
$
197
 
$
20,001
 
15
  

131
  

19,181
  

37
  

5,042
  

168
  

24,223
 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions
  277   20,673   0   0   277   20,673 
Mortgage-backed securities 
118
 
14,291
 
6
 
1,285
 
124
 
15,576
 
7
   
608
   
35,882
   
193
   
6,450
   
801
   
42,332
 
Corporate bonds and other securities  
22
  
5,977
  
-
  
-
  
22
  
5,977
  
7
   
117
   
9,833
   
0
   
0
   
117
   
9,833
 
Total securities available-for-sale 
$
148
 
$
23,078
 
$
195
 
$
18,476
 
$
343
 
$
41,554
 
29
  
$
1,281
  
$
100,473
  
$
230
  
$
11,492
  
$
1,511
  
$
111,965
 


 December 31, 2019    December 31, 2020 
 Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total    Less than 12 months  12 months or more  Total 
 Gross   Gross   Gross   Number  Gross     Gross     Gross    
 Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair of  Unrealized  Fair  Unrealized  Fair  Unrealized  Fair 
(Dollars in thousands) Losses Value Losses Value Losses Value Securities  Losses  Value  Losses  Value  Losses  Value 
Obligations of U.S. Government agencies 
$
349
 
$
29,744
 
$
54
 
$
2,562
 
$
403
 
$
32,306
 
22
  
$
8
  
$
2,810
  
$
189
  
$
17,191
  
$
197
  
$
20,001
 
Obligations of state and policitcal subdivisions 
225
 
10,112
 
-
 
-
 
225
 
10,112
 
7
 
Mortgage-backed securities 
405
 
44,661
 
147
 
14,078
 
552
 
58,739
 
17
   
118
   
14,291
   
6
   
1,285
   
124
   
15,576
 
Corporate bonds and other securities 
-
 
-
 
3
 
197
 
3
 
197
 
1
   
22
   
5,977
   
0
   
0
   
22
   
5,977
 
Total securities available-for-sale 
$
979
 
$
84,517
 
$
204
 
$
16,837
 
$
1,183
 
$
101,354
  
47
  
$
148
  
$
23,078
  
$
195
  
$
18,476
  
$
343
  
$
41,554
 


Certain investments within the Company’s portfolio had unrealized losses at December 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, as shown in the tables above. The unrealized losses were primarily driven by changes in market interest rates. The Company purchases only highly-rated securities, including U.S. government agencies and mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by government-sponsored entities. The municipal and corporate securities portfolios are reviewed regularly to ensure that ratings of individual securities have not deteriorated below the threshold established by the Company’s policy.


Because the Company does not intend to sell the investments and management believes it is unlikely that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity, the Company does not consider the investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 20202021 or December 31, 2019.2020.


As of December 31, 2021, there were 9 individual available-for-sale securities with a total fair value of $11.5 million that had been in a continuous loss position for more than 12 months. These securities had an unrealized loss of $230 thousand and consisted of government agency obligations and mortgage-backed securities. As of December 31, 2020, there were 12 individual available-for-sale securities with a total fair value oftotaling $18.5 million that had been in a continuous loss position for more than 12 months. These securities had an unrealized loss of $195 thousand and consisted of government agency obligations and mortgage-backed securities. As of December 31, 2019, there were 10 individual available-for-sale securities with a fair value totaling $16.8 million that had been in a continuous loss position for more than 12 months. These securities had an unrealized loss of $204 thousand and consisted of government agency obligations, mortgage-backed securities, and other securities. The Company has determined that these securities are temporarily impaired at December 31, 20202021 and 20192020 for the reasons set out below:


Mortgage-backed securities. This category’s unrealized losses are primarily the result of interest rate fluctuations.  Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, the Company does not intend to sell the investments, and it is not likely that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider those investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired. Also, the majority of the Company’s mortgage-backed securities are agency-backed securities, which have a government guarantee.


57

Obligations of state and political subdivisions.  This category’s unrealized losses are primarily the result of interest rate fluctuations and also a certain few ratings downgrades brought about by the impact of the credit crisis on states and political subdivisions. The contractual terms of the investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the cost basis of each investment. Because the Company does not intend to sell any of the investments and the accounting standard of “more likely than not” has not been met for the Company to be required to sell any of the investments before recovery of its amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired.


Corporate bonds. The Company’s unrealized losses in corporate debt securities are related to both interest rate fluctuations and ratings downgrades for a limited number of securities. The majority of the securities remain investment grade and the Company’s analysis did not indicate the existence of a credit loss. The contractual terms of the investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the cost basis of each investment. Because the Company does not intend to sell any of the investments and the accounting standard of “more likely than not” has not been met for the Company to be required to sell any of the investments before recovery of its amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired.


55

Restricted Stock
The restricted stock category is comprised of FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank, and CBB stock. These stocks are classified as restricted securities because their ownership is restricted to certain types of entities and the securities lack a market. Therefore, these investments are carried at cost and evaluated for impairment. When evaluating these stocks for impairment, their value is determined based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value. Restricted stock is viewed as a long-term investment and management believes that the Company has the ability and the intent to hold this stock until its value is recovered.


NOTE 4,4. Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses


The following is a summary of the balances in each class of the Company’s loan portfolio as of the dates indicated:


(dollars in thousands) December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019  December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 
Mortgage loans on real estate:          
Residential 1-4 family 
$
122,800
 
$
118,561
  
$
130,776
 
$
122,800
 
Commercial - owner occupied 
153,955
 
141,743
  
198,413
 
153,955
 
Commercial - non-owner occupied 
162,896
 
135,798
  
184,190
 
162,896
 
Multifamily 
22,812
 
25,865
  
19,050
 
22,812
 
Construction 
43,732
 
40,716
  
58,440
 
43,732
 
Second mortgages 
11,178
 
13,941
  
7,877
 
11,178
 
Equity lines of credit  
50,746
  
52,286
   
48,665
  
50,746
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate 
568,119
 
528,910
  
647,411
 
568,119
 
Commercial and industrial loans 
141,746
 
75,383
  
68,690
 
141,746
 
Consumer automobile loans 
80,390
 
97,294
  
85,023
 
80,390
 
Other consumer loans 
37,978
 
39,713
  
33,418
 
37,978
 
Other (1)
 
8,067
 
6,565
  
8,984
 
8,067
 
Total loans, net of deferred fees 
836,300
 
747,865
  
843,526
 
836,300
 
Less: Allowance for loan losses 
9,541
 
9,660
  
9,865
 
9,541
 
Loans, net of allowance and deferred fees (2)
 
$
826,759
 
$
738,205
  
$
833,661
 
$
826,759
 
     


(1)
Overdrawn accounts are reclassified as loans and included in the Other catergory in the table above. Overdrawn deposit accounts, excluding internal use accounts, totaled $271$304 thousand and $449$271 thousand at December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.

(2)
Net deferred loan costs totaled $2.1$1.3 million and $557 thousand$2.1 million at December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.


ACQUIRED LOANS
The outstanding principal balance and the carrying amount of total acquired loans included in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:
(dollars in thousands) December 31, 2020  December 31, 2019 
Outstanding principal balance 
$
8,671
  
$
16,850
 
Carrying amount  
8,602
   
16,561
 


(dollars in thousands) December 31, 2021  December 31, 2020 
Outstanding principal balance 
$
5,087
  
$
8,671
 
Carrying amount  
5,087
   
8,602
 

The Company did 0t have any outstanding principal balance andor related carrying amount of purchased credit impairedcredit-impaired loans for which the Company applies FASB ASC 310-30 to account for interest earned are as follows:

58

(dollars in thousands) December 31, 2020  December 31, 2019 
Outstanding principal balance 
$
-
  
$
227
 
Carrying amount  
-
   
85
 

of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The following table presents changes in the accretable yield on purchased credit impaired loans, for which the Company applies FASB ASC 310-30:


(dollars in thousands) December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019  December 31, 2021  December 31, 2020 
Balance at January 1 
$
72
 
$
12
  
$
0
  
$
72
 
Accretion 
(156
)
 
(27
)
  
0
   
(156
)
Reclassification from nonaccretable difference 
-
 
125
 
Other changes, net 
84
 
(38
)
  
0
   
84
 
Balance at end of period 
$
-
 
$
72
  
$
0
  
$
0
 


CREDIT QUALITY INFORMATION
The Company uses internally-assigned risk grades to estimate the capability of borrowers to repay the contractual obligations of their loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Company’s internal risk grade system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans. Credit risk grades are updated at least quarterly as additional information becomes available, at which time management analyzes the resulting scores to track loan performance.


56

The Company’s internally assigned risk grades are as follows:
 
Pass:
Pass: Loans are of acceptable risk.
Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM): Loans have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention.
Substandard: Loans reflect significant deficiencies due to several adverse trends of a financial, economic or managerial nature.
Doubtful: Loans have all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard loan with added characteristics that make collection or liquidation in full based on currently existing facts, conditions and values highly questionable or improbable.
Loss: Loans have been identified for charge-off because they are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted.
Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM): Loans have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention.
Substandard: Loans reflect significant deficiencies due to several adverse trends of a financial, economic or managerial nature.
Doubtful: Loans have all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard loan with added characteristics that make collection or liquidation in full based on currently existing facts, conditions and values highly questionable or improbable.
Loss: Loans have been identified for charge-off because they are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted.
 
The following tables present credit quality exposures by internally assigned risk ratings as of the dates indicated:


Credit Quality InformationCredit Quality Information Credit Quality Information 
As of December 31, 2020 
As of December 31, 2021As of December 31, 2021 
(dollars in thousands) Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total  Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total 
Mortgage loans on real estate:                      
Residential 1-4 family 
$
122,621
 
$
-
 
$
179
 
$
-
 
$
122,800
  
$
130,584
 
$
0
 
$
192
 
$
0
 
$
130,776
 
Commercial - owner occupied 
148,738
 
2,462
 
2,755
 
-
 
153,955
  
195,512
 
788
 
2,113
 
0
 
198,413
 
Commercial - non-owner occupied 
162,148
 
748
 
-
 
-
 
162,896
  
183,093
 
434
 
663
 
0
 
184,190
 
Multifamily 
22,812
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
22,812
  
19,050
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
19,050
 
Construction 
42,734
 
998
 
-
 
-
 
43,732
  
57,224
 
218
 
998
 
0
 
58,440
 
Second mortgages 
11,178
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
11,178
  
7,877
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
7,877
 
Equity lines of credit  
50,746
  
-
  
-
  
-
  
50,746
   
48,665
  
0
  
0
  
0
  
48,665
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate 
$
560,977
 
$
4,208
 
$
2,934
 
$
-
 
$
568,119
  
$
642,005
 
$
1,440
 
$
3,966
 
$
0
 
$
647,411
 
Commercial and industrial loans 
141,391
 
355
 
-
 
-
 
141,746
  
68,261
 
0
 
429
 
0
 
68,690
 
Consumer automobile loans 
79,997
 
-
 
393
 
-
 
80,390
  
85,002
 
0
 
21
 
0
 
85,023
 
Other consumer loans 
37,978
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
37,978
  
33,418
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
33,418
 
Other 
8,067
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
8,067
  
8,984
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
8,984
 
Total 
$
828,410
 
$
4,563
 
$
3,327
 
$
-
 
$
836,300
  
$
837,670
 
$
1,440
 
$
4,416
 
$
0
 
$
843,526
 


Credit Quality Information 
As of December 31, 2020 
(dollars in thousands) Pass  OAEM  Substandard  Doubtful  Total 
Mortgage loans on real estate:
               
Residential 1-4 family 
$
122,621
  
$
0
  
$
179
  
$
0
  
$
122,800
 
Commercial - owner occupied  
148,738
   
2,462
   
2,755
   
0
   
153,955
 
Commercial - non-owner occupied  
162,148
   
748
   
0
   
0
   
162,896
 
Multifamily  
22,812
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
22,812
 
Construction  
42,734
   
998
   
0
   
0
   
43,732
 
Second mortgages  
11,178
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
11,178
 
Equity lines of credit  
50,746
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
50,746
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate 
$
560,977
  
$
4,208
  
$
2,934
  
$
0
  
$
568,119
 
Commercial and industrial loans  
141,391
   
355
   
0
   
0
   
141,746
 
Consumer automobile loans  
79,997
   
0
   
393
   
0
   
80,390
 
Other consumer loans  
37,978
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
37,978
 
Other  
8,067
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
8,067
 
Total 
$
828,410
  
$
4,563
  
$
3,327
  
$
0
  
$
836,300
 
Credit Quality Information 
As of December 31, 2019 
(dollars in thousands) Pass  OAEM  Substandard  Doubtful  Total 
Mortgage loans on real estate:
               
Residential 1-4 family 
$
116,380
  
$
-
  
$
2,181
  
$
-
  
$
118,561
 
Commercial - owner occupied  
134,570
   
1,618
   
5,555
   
-
   
141,743
 
Commercial - non-owner occupied  
132,851
   
1,622
   
1,325
   
-
   
135,798
 
Multifamily  
25,865
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
25,865
 
Construction  
40,716
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
40,716
 
Second mortgages  
13,837
   
-
   
104
   
-
   
13,941
 
Equity lines of credit  
52,286
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
52,286
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate 
$
516,505
  
$
3,240
  
$
9,165
  
$
-
  
$
528,910
 
Commercial and industrial loans  
74,963
   
66
   
354
   
-
   
75,383
 
Consumer automobile loans  
96,907
   
-
   
387
   
-
   
97,294
 
Other consumer loans  
39,713
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
39,713
 
Other  
6,565
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
6,565
 
Total 
$
734,653
  
$
3,306
  
$
9,906
  
$
-
  
$
747,865
 


As of December 31, 20202021 and 20192020 the Company did not0t have any loans internally classified as Loss or Doubtful.


AGE ANALYSIS OF PAST DUE LOANS BY CLASS
All classes of loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Interest and fees continue to accrue on past due loans until the date the loan is placed in nonaccrual status, if applicable. The following table includes an aging analysis of the recorded investment in past due loans as of the dates indicated. Also included in the table below are loans that are 90 days or more past due as to interest and principal and still accruing interest, because they are well-secured and in the process of collection.

Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 20202021
(dollars in thousands) 
30 - 59
Days Past
Due
  
60 - 89
Days Past
Due
  
90 or More
Days Past
Due and
still
Accruing
  
Nonaccrual (2)
  
Total
Current
Loans (1)
  Total
Loans
 
Mortgage loans on real estate:
                  
Residential 1-4 family 
$
120
  
$
0
  
$
0
  
$
191
  
$
130,465
  
$
130,776
 
Commercial - owner occupied  
0
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
198,413
   
198,413
 
Commercial - non-owner occupied  
0
   
0
   
0
   
113
   
184,077
   
184,190
 
Multifamily  
0
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
19,050
   
19,050
 
Construction  
0
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
58,440
   
58,440
 
Second mortgages  
24
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
7,853
   
7,877
 
Equity lines of credit  
51
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
48,614
   
48,665
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate 
$
195
  
$
0
  
$
0
  
$
304
  
$
646,912
  
$
647,411
 
Commercial and industrial loans  
37
   
0
   
169
   
174
   
68,310
   
68,690
 
Consumer automobile loans  
814
   
118
   
296
   
0
   
83,795
   
85,023
 
Other consumer loans  
1,284
   
439
   
550
   
0
   
31,145
   
33,418
 
Other  
31
   
3
   
10
   
0
   
8,940
   
8,984
 
Total 
$
2,361
  
$
560
  
$
1,025
  
$
478
  
$
839,102
  
$
843,526
 

(dollars in thousands) 30 - 59 Days Past Due  60 - 89 Days Past Due  90 or More Days Past Due and still Accruing  PCI  
Nonaccrual (2)
  
Total Current Loans (1)
  Total
Loans
 
Mortgage loans on real estate:
                     
Residential 1-4 family 
$
478
  
$
164
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
311
  
$
121,847
  
$
122,800
 
Commercial - owner occupied  
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
903
   
153,052
   
153,955
 
Commercial - non-owner occupied  
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
162,896
   
162,896
 
Multifamily  
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
22,812
   
22,812
 
Construction  
-
   
88
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
43,644
   
43,732
 
Second mortgages  
41
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
11,137
   
11,178
 
Equity lines of credit  
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
50,746
   
50,746
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate 
$
519
  
$
252
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
1,214
  
$
566,134
  
$
568,119
 
Commercial and industrial loans  
753
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
140,993
   
141,746
 
Consumer automobile loans  
1,159
   
190
   
196
   
-
   
-
   
78,845
   
80,390
 
Other consumer loans  
1,120
   
555
   
548
   
-
   
-
   
35,755
   
37,978
 
Other  
24
   
3
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
8,040
   
8,067
 
Total 
$
3,575
  
$
1,000
  
$
744
  
$
-
  
$
1,214
  
$
829,767
  
$
836,300
 


(1)
For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due.

(2)
For purposes of this table, if a loan is past due and on nonaccrual, it is included in the nonaccural column and not also in its respective past due column.


In the table above, the past due totals include small business and student loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 - 100% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $1.4 million at December 31, 2021.

Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands) 
30 - 59
Days Past
Due
  
60 - 89
Days Past
Due
  
90 or More
Days Past
Due and
still
Accruing
  
Nonaccrual (2)
  
Total
Current
Loans (1)
  Total
Loans
 
Mortgage loans on real estate:
                  
Residential 1-4 family 
$
478
  
$
164
  
$
0
  
$
311
  
$
121,847
  
$
122,800
 
Commercial - owner occupied  
0
   
0
   
0
   
903
   
153,052
   
153,955
 
Commercial - non-owner occupied  
0
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
162,896
   
162,896
 
Multifamily  
0
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
22,812
   
22,812
 
Construction  
0
   
88
   
0
   
0
   
43,644
   
43,732
 
Second mortgages  
41
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
11,137
   
11,178
 
Equity lines of credit  
0
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
50,746
   
50,746
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate 
$
519
  
$
252
  
$
0
  
$
1,214
  
$
566,134
  
$
568,119
 
Commercial and industrial loans  
753
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
140,993
   
141,746
 
Consumer automobile loans  
1,159
   
190
   
196
   
0
   
78,845
   
80,390
 
Other consumer loans  
1,120
   
555
   
548
   
0
   
35,755
   
37,978
 
Other  
24
   
3
   
0
   
0
   
8,040
   
8,067
 
Total 
$
3,575
  
$
1,000
  
$
744
  
$
1,214
  
$
829,767
  
$
836,300
 

(1)
For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due.
(2)
For purposes of this table, if a loan is past due and on nonaccrual, it is included in the nonaccural column and not also in its respective past due column.

In the table above, the past due totals include student loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 - 98% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $1.2 million at December 31, 2020.


Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands) 
30 - 59
Days Past
Due
  
60 - 89
Days Past
Due
  90 or More Days Past Due and still Accruing  PCI  
Nonaccrual (2)
  
Total
Current
Loans (1)
  Total
Loans
 
Mortgage loans on real estate:
                     
Residential 1-4 family 
$
891
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
1,459
  
$
116,211
  
$
118,561
 
Commercial - owner occupied  
-
   
319
   
-
   
85
   
2,795
   
138,544
   
141,743
 
Commercial - non-owner occupied  
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
1,422
   
134,376
   
135,798
 
Multifamily  
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
25,865
   
25,865
 
Construction  
100
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
40,616
   
40,716
 
Second mortgages  
49
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
104
   
13,788
   
13,941
 
Equity lines of credit  
25
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
52,261
   
52,286
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate 
$
1,065
  
$
319
  
$
-
  
$
85
  
$
5,780
  
$
521,661
  
$
528,910
 
Commercial and industrial loans  
211
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
257
   
74,915
   
75,383
 
Consumer automobile loans  
1,115
   
299
   
203
   
-
   
-
   
95,677
   
97,294
 
Other consumer loans  
1,032
   
891
   
888
   
-
   
-
   
36,902
   
39,713
 
Other  
81
   
9
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
6,475
   
6,565
 
Total 
$
3,504
  
$
1,518
  
$
1,091
  
$
85
  
$
6,037
  
$
735,630
  
$
747,865
 


(1)
For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due.

(2)
For purposes of this table, if a loan is past due and on nonaccrual, it is included in the nonaccural column and not also in its respective past due column.

In the table above, the past due totals include student and small business loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 - 100% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $1.8 million at December 31, 2019.

NONACCRUAL LOANS
The Company generally places commercial loans (including construction loans and commercial loans secured and not secured by real estate) in nonaccrual status when the full and timely collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain, part of the principal balance has been charged off and no restructuring has occurred or the loan reaches 90 days past due, unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection.


Under regulatory rules, consumer loans, which are loans to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures, and consumer loans secured by real estate (including residential 1 - 4 family mortgages, second mortgages, and equity lines of credit) are not required to be placed in nonaccrual status. Although consumer loans and consumer loans secured by real estate are not required to be placed in nonaccrual status, the Company may elect to place these loans in nonaccrual status, if necessary to avoid a material overstatement of interest income. Generally, consumer loans secured by real estate are placed in nonaccrual status only when payments are 120 days past due.


Generally, consumer loans not secured by real estate are placed in nonaccrual status only when part of the principal has been charged off. If a charge-off has not occurred sooner for other reasons, a consumer loan not secured by real estate will generally be placed in nonaccrual status when payments are 120 days past due. These loans are charged off or written down to the net realizable value of the collateral when deemed uncollectible, when classified as a “loss,” when repayment is unreasonably protracted, when bankruptcy has been initiated, or when the loan is 120 days or more past due unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection.


When management places a loan in nonaccrual status, the accrued unpaid interest receivable is reversed against interest income and the loan is accounted for by the cash basis or cost recovery method, until it qualifies for return to accrual status or is charged off. Generally, loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured, or when the borrower has resumed paying the full amount of the scheduled contractual interest and principal payments for at least six months.


The following table presents loans in nonaccrual status by class of loan as of the dates indicated:


(dollars in thousands) December 31, 2021  December 31, 2020 
Mortgage loans on real estate:      
Residential 1-4 family 
$
191
  
$
311
 
Commercial - owner occupied  
0
   
903
 
Commercial - non-owner occupied  
113
   
0
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate 
 
304
  
 
1,214
 
Commercial and industrial loans  
174
   
0
 
Consumer loans
  0
   0
 
Total 
$
478
  
$
1,214
 
(dollars in thousands) December 31, 2020  December 31, 2019 
Mortgage loans on real estate:      
Residential 1-4 family 
$
311
  
$
1,459
 
Commercial - owner occupied  
903
   
2,795
 
Commercial - non-owner occupied  
-
   
1,422
 
Second mortgages  
-
   
104
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate 
$
1,214
  
$
5,780
 
Commercial and industrial loans  
-
   
257
 
Total 
$
1,214
  
$
6,037
 


The following table presents the interest income that the Company would have earned under the original terms of its nonaccrual loans and the actual interest recorded by the Company on nonaccrual loans for the periods presented:


 Years Ended December 31,  Years Ended December 31, 
(dollars in thousand) 2020 2019  2021
  2020
 
Interest income that would have been recorded under original loan terms 
$
45
 
$
283
  
$
11
  
$
45
 
Actual interest income recorded for the period 
34
 
115
   
2
   
34
 
Reduction in interest income on nonaccrual loans 
$
11
 
$
168
  
$
9
  
$
11
 


TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS
The Company’s loan portfolio includesmay include certain loans classified as TDRs, where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities and could include reduction in the interest rate below current market rates for borrowers with similar risk profiles, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. The Company defines a TDR as nonperforming if the TDR is in nonaccrual status or is 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest at the report date. When the Company modifies a loan, management evaluates any possible impairment as discussed further below under Impaired Loans.


There were three0 new TDRs in 2021. There were 3 TDRs in 2020; however as of December 31, 2020, two2 were sold and the remaining credit was determined to no longer be classified as a TDR because the borrower was not in financial distress. The following table presents TDRs during the period indicated, by class of loan:

(dollars in thousand) Number of Modifications  Recorded Investment Prior to Modification  Recorded Investment After Modification  Current Investment on December 31, 2020 
Mortgage loans on real estate:            
Residential 1-4 family  
2
  
$
512
  
$
512
  
$
506
 
Commercial and industrial  
1
   
75
   
75
   
75
 
Total  
3
  
$
587
  
$
587
  
$
581
 


In 2019, the loans restructured were granted terms that the Company would not otherwise extend to borrowers with similar risk characteristics.
59


At December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, the Company had no0 outstanding commitments to disburse additional funds on any TDR. There were no0 loans secured by residential 1 - 4 family real estate that were in the process of foreclosure at December 31, 2020. At December 31, 2019, the Company had $272 thousand in loans secured by residential 1 - 4 family real estate that were in the process of foreclosure.2021 and 2020, respectively.


In the years ended December 31, 20202021 and 20192020 there were no0 defaulting TDRs where the default occurred within twelve months of restructuring. The Company considers a TDR in default when any of the following occurs: the loan, as restructured, becomes 90 days or more past due; the loan is moved to nonaccrual status following the restructure; the loan is restructured again under terms that would qualify it as a TDR if it were not already so classified; or any portion of the loan is charged off.


All TDRs are factored into the determination of the allowance for loan losses and included in the impaired loan analysis, as discussed below.


Under Section 4013 ofThe Company made loan modifications under the CARES Act, asenacted on March 27,2020, and subsequently amended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2021, banks may elect not to categorize which provided that certain loan modifications as TDRs if the modifications arethat were (1) related to the COVID-19 pandemic, executed on a loanCOVID-19 and (2) for loans that waswere not more than 30 days past due as of December 31,2019 and executed between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of 60 days after the date of termination of the National Emergency by the President and January 1, 2022. All short term loan modifications made on a good faith basis in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to borrowers who were current prior to any relief are not consideredrequired to be designated as TDRs. The Company has examined the payment accommodations granted to borrowers in response to COVID-19 and found that all borrowers were current prior to relief and were not experiencing financial difficulty prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. As ofAt December 31, 2020,2021, the Company had 0 loan modifications on $7.4 million, or 0.9%, of the loan portfolio, granting primarily 60- or 90- day principal and interest payment deferrals. Loan modifications under the CARES Act are being monitored for indicationscompared to $7.4 million as of credit softening, at which time the credit will be analyzed under current underwriting standards for appropriate action and designation. The Company recognizes interest income as earned and management expects that the deferred interest will be repaid by the borrower in a future period.December 31,2020.


IMPAIRED LOANS
A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans include nonperforming loans and loans modified in a TDR. When management identifies a loan as impaired, the impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except when the sole or remaining source of repayment for the loan is the operation or liquidation of the collateral. In these cases, management uses the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, when foreclosure is probable, instead of the discounted cash flows. If management determines that the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance.


When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is in doubt and the loan is in nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal under the cost recovery method. For financial statement purposes, the recorded investment in the loan is the actual principal balance reduced by payments that would otherwise have been applied to interest. When reporting information on these loans to the applicable customers, the unpaid principal balance is reported as if payments were applied to principal and interest under the original terms of the loan agreements. Therefore, the unpaid principal balance reported to the customer would be higher than the recorded investment in the loan for financial statement purposes. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of the impaired loan is not in doubt and the loan is in nonaccrual status, contractual interest is credited to interest income when received under the cash basis method.


The following table includes the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances (a portion of which may have been charged off) for impaired loans, exclusive of purchased credit-impaired loans, with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of the dates presented. Also presented are the average recorded investments in the impaired loans and the related amount of interest recognized for the periods presented. The average balances are calculated based on daily average balances.
              For the Year Ended 
  As of December 31, 2021  December 31, 2021 
(Dollars in thousands) 
Unpaid Principal
Balance
  
Without
Valuation
Allowance
  
With Valuation
Allowance
  
Associated
Allowance
  
Average
Recorded
Investment
  
Interest Income
Recognized
 
Mortgage loans on real estate:
                  
Residential 1-4 family 
$
353
  
$
25
  
$
300
  
$
30
  
$
328
  
$
7
 
Commercial  
610
   
178
   
413
   
8
   
601
   
1
 
Construction  
80
   
79
   
0
   
0
   
80
   
4
 
Second mortgages  
127
   
0
   
125
   
3
   
126
   
5
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate  
1,170
   
282
   
838
   
41
   
1,135
   
17
 
Commercial and industrial loans  
188
   
0
   
174
   
87
   
181
   
17
 
Other consumer loans  
9
   
7
   
0
   
0
   
8
   
0
 
Total 
$
1,367
  
$
289
  
$
1,012
  
$
128
  
$
1,324
  
$
34
 
Impaired Loans by Class
              For the Year Ended 
  As of December 31, 2020  December 31, 2020 
(Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Principal Balance  Without Valuation Allowance  With Valuation Allowance  Associated Allowance  Average Recorded Investment  Interest Income Recognized 
Mortgage loans on real estate:
                  
Residential 1-4 family 
$
474
  
$
366
  
$
87
  
$
1
  
$
458
  
$
10
 
Commercial  
3,490
   
1,306
   
121
   
1
   
2,559
   
46
 
Construction  
83
   
-
   
83
   
-
   
84
   
5
 
Second mortgages  
133
   
-
   
133
   
9
   
134
   
5
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate  
4,180
   
1,672
   
424
   
11
   
3,235
   
66
 
Commercial and industrial loans  
6
   
6
   
-
   
-
   
7
   
-
 
Other consumer loans  
14
   
14
   
-
   
-
   
15
   
1
 
Total 
$
4,200
  
$
1,692
  
$
424
  
$
11
  
$
3,257
  
$
67
 


6360

              For the Year Ended 
  As of December 31, 2019  December 31, 2019 
(Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Principal Balance  Without Valuation Allowance  With Valuation Allowance  Associated Allowance  Average Recorded Investment  Interest Income Recognized 
Mortgage loans on real estate:
                  
Residential 1-4 family 
$
1,542
  
$
1,519
  
$
89
  
$
39
  
$
1,416
  
$
11
 
Commercial  
9,333
   
4,538
   
1,611
   
317
   
6,822
   
123
 
Construction  
89
   
-
   
88
   
14
   
88
   
4
 
Second mortgages  
247
   
-
   
245
   
111
   
246
   
6
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate  
11,211
   
6,057
   
2,033
   
481
   
8,572
   
144
 
Commercial and industrial loans  
362
   
354
   
-
   
-
   
273
   
4
 
Other consumer loans  
22
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
21
   
1
 
Total 
$
11,595
  
$
6,411
  
$
2,033
  
$
481
  
$
8,866
  
$
149
 
              For the Year Ended 
  As of December 31, 2020  December 31, 2020 
(Dollars in thousands) 
Unpaid Principal
Balance
  
Without
Valuation
Allowance
  
With Valuation
Allowance
  
Associated
Allowance
  
Average
Recorded
Investment
  
Interest Income
Recognized
 
Mortgage loans on real estate:
                  
Residential 1-4 family 
$
474
  
$
366
  
$
87
  
$
1
  
$
458
  
$
10
 
Commercial  
3,490
   
1,306
   
121
   
1
   
2,559
   
46
 
Construction  
83
   
0
   
83
   
0
   
84
   
5
 
Second mortgages  
133
   
0
   
133
   
9
   
134
   
5
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate  
4,180
   
1,672
   
424
   
11
   
3,235
   
66
 
Commercial and industrial loans  
6
   
6
   
0
   
0
   
7
   
0
 
Other consumer loans  
14
   
14
   
0
   
0
   
15
   
1
 
Total 
$
4,200
  
$
1,692
  
$
424
  
$
11
  
$
3,257
  
$
67
 


ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
Loans are either individually evaluated for impairment or pooled with like loans and collectively evaluated for impairment. Also, various qualitative factors are applied to each segment of the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is the accumulation of these components. Management’s estimate is based on certain observable, historical data and other factors that management believes are most reflective of the underlying credit losses being estimated.


Management provides an allocated component of the allowance for loans that are individually evaluated for impairment. An allocated allowance is established when the discounted value of expected future cash flows from the impaired loan (or the collateral value or observable market price of the impaired loan) is lower than the carrying value of that loan. This allocation represents the sum of management’s estimated losses on each loan.


Loans collectively evaluated for impairment are pooled, with a historical loss rate, based on migration analysis, applied to each pool, segmented by risk grade or days past due, depending on the type of loan. Based on credit risk assessments and management’s analysis of qualitative factors (including uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic), additional loss factors are applied to loan balances. These additional qualitative factors include: economic conditions, trends in growth, loan concentrations, changes in certain loans, changes in underwriting, changes in management and changes in the legal and regulatory environment.


Given the timing of the outbreak in the United States of the COVID-19COVID-19 pandemic combined with government stimulus actions for both individuals and small businesses, management does not believe that the Company’s performance in relation to credit quality during 2021 and 2020 was significantly impacted. The COVID-19COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented challenge to the global economy in general and the financial services sector in particular. However, there is still significant uncertainty regarding the overall length of the pandemic and the aggregate impact that it will have on global and regional economies, including uncertainties regarding the potential positive effects of governmental actions taken in response to the pandemic. With so much uncertainty, itIt is impossible for the Company to accurately predict the impact that the pandemic will have on the Company’s primary market and the overall extent to which it will affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. The Company’s credit administration is closely monitoring and analyzing the higher risk segments within the loan portfolio, tracking loan payment deferrals, customer liquidity and providing timely reports to senior management and the Board of Directors. Based on capital levels, stress testing indications, prudent underwriting policies, watch credit processes, and loan concentration diversification, the Company currently expects to be able to manage the economic risks and uncertainties associated with the pandemic which may include additional increases in the provision for loan losses.


6461

ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES BY SEGMENT
The following table presents, by portfolio segment, the changes in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans for the periods presented. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.


ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES AND RECORDED INVESTMENT IN LOANS
For the Year ended December 31, 2021

(Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial  Real Estate Construction  
Real Estate - Mortgage (1)
  Real Estate - Commercial  
Consumer (2)
  Other  Unallocated  Total 
Allowance for loan losses:                        
Balance, beginning 
$
650
  
$
339
  
$
2,560
  
$
4,434
  
$
1,302
  
$
123
  
$
133
  
$
9,541
 
Charge-offs  
(27
)
  
0
   
(14
)
  
0
   
(800
)
  
(278
)
  
0
   
(1,119
)
Recoveries  
41
   
0
   
76
   
44
   
390
   
98
   
0
   
649
 
Provision for loan losses  
19
   
120
   
(232
)
  
309
   
470
   
241
   
(133
)
  
794
 
Ending Balance 
$
683
  
$
459
  
$
2,390
  
$
4,787
  
$
1,362
  
$
184
  
$
0
  
$
9,865
 
                                 
Individually evaluated for impairment 
$
87
  
$
0
  
$
33
  
$
8
  
$
0
  
$
0
  
$
0
  
$
128
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment  
596
   
459
   
2,357
   
4,779
   
1,362
   
184
   
0
   
9,737
 
                                 
Ending Balance 
$
683
  
$
459
  
$
2,390
  
$
4,787
  
$
1,362
  
$
184
  
$
0
  
$
9,865
 
                                 
Loans Balances:                                
Individually evaluated for impairment  
174
   
79
   
450
   
591
   
7
   
0
   
0
   
1,301
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment  
68,516
   
58,361
   
205,918
   
382,012
   
118,434
   
8,984
   
0
   
842,225
 
Ending Balance 
$
68,690
  
$
58,440
  
$
206,368
  
$
382,603
  
$
118,441
  
$
8,984
  
$
0
  
$
843,526
 

For the Year ended December 31, 2020

(Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial  Real Estate Construction  
Real Estate - Mortgage (1)
  Real Estate - Commercial  
Consumer (2)
  Other  Unallocated  Total 
Allowance for loan losses:                        
Balance, beginning 
$
1,244
  
$
258
  
$
2,505
  
$
3,663
  
$
1,694
  
$
296
  
$
-
  
$
9,660
 
Charge-offs  
(25
)
  
-
   
(149
)
  
(654
)
  
(822
)
  
(355
)
  
-
   
(2,005
)
Recoveries  
47
   
10
   
69
   
317
   
377
   
66
   
-
   
886
 
Provision for loan losses  
(616
)
  
71
   
135
   
1,108
   
53
   
116
   
133
   
1,000
 
Ending Balance 
$
650
  
$
339
  
$
2,560
  
$
4,434
  
$
1,302
  
$
123
  
$
133
  
$
9,541
 
                                 
Individually evaluated for impairment 
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
10
  
$
1
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
11
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment  
650
   
339
   
2,550
   
4,433
   
1,302
   
123
   
133
   
9,530
 
Purchased credit-impaired loans  
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
       
-
 
                                 
Ending Balance 
$
650
  
$
339
  
$
2,560
  
$
4,434
  
$
1,302
  
$
123
  
$
133
  
$
9,541
 
                                 
Loans Balances:                                
Individually evaluated for impairment  
6
   
83
   
586
   
1,427
   
14
   
-
   
-
   
2,116
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment  
141,740
   
43,649
   
206,950
   
315,424
   
118,354
   
8,067
   
-
   
834,184
 
Purchased credit-impaired loans  
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
       
-
 
Ending Balance 
$
141,746
  
$
43,732
  
$
207,536
  
$
316,851
  
$
118,368
  
$
8,067
  
$
-
  
$
836,300
 
(Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial  Real Estate Construction  
Real Estate - Mortgage (1)
  Real Estate - Commercial  
Consumer (2)
  Other  Unallocated  Total 
Allowance for loan losses:                        
Balance, beginning 
$
1,244
  
$
258
  
$
2,505
  
$
3,663
  
$
1,694
  
$
296
  
$
0
  
$
9,660
 
Charge-offs  
(25)
   
0
   
(149
)
  
(654
)
  
(822
)
  
(355
)
  
0
   
(2,005
)
Recoveries  
47
   
10
   
69
   
317
   
377
   
66
   
0
   
886
 
Provision for loan losses  
(616
)
  
71
   
135
   
1,108
   
53
   
116
   
133
   
1,000
 
Ending Balance 
$
650
  
$
339
  
$
2,560
  
$
4,434
  
$
1,302
  
$
123
  
$
133
  
$
9,541
 
                                 
Individually evaluated for impairment 
$
0
  
$
0
  
$
10
  
$
1
  
$
0
  
$
0
  
$
0
  
$
11
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment  
650
   
339
   
2,550
   
4,433
   
1,302
   
123
   
133
   
9,530
 
                                 
Ending Balance 
$
650
  
$
339
  
$
2,560
  
$
4,434
  
$
1,302
  
$
123
  
$
133
  
$
9,541
 
                                 
Loans Balances:                                
Individually evaluated for impairment  
6
   
83
   
586
   
1,427
   
14
   
0
   
0
   
2,116
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment  
141,740
   
43,649
   
206,950
   
315,424
   
118,354
   
8,067
   
0
   
834,184
 
Ending Balance 
$
141,746
  
$
43,732
  
$
207,536
  
$
316,851
  
$
118,368
  
$
8,067
  
$
0
  
$
836,300
 


For the Year ended December 31, 2019

(Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial  Real Estate Construction  
Real Estate - Mortgage (1)
  Real Estate - Commercial  
Consumer (2)
  Other  Unallocated  Total 
Allowance for loan losses:                        
Balance, beginning 
$
2,340
  
$
156
  
$
2,497
  
$
3,459
  
$
1,354
  
$
305
  
$
-
  
$
10,111
 
Charge-offs  
-
   
-
   
(170
)
  
(27
)
  
(776
)
  
(425
)
  
-
   
(1,398
)
Recoveries  
10
   
-
   
113
   
87
   
351
   
68
   
-
   
629
 
Provision for loan losses  
(1,106
)
  
102
   
65
   
144
   
765
   
348
   
-
   
318
 
Ending Balance 
$
1,244
  
$
258
  
$
2,505
  
$
3,663
  
$
1,694
  
$
296
  
$
-
  
$
9,660
 
                                 
Individually evaluated for impairment 
$
-
  
$
14
  
$
150
  
$
317
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
481
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment  
1,244
   
244
   
2,355
   
3,346
   
1,694
   
296
   
-
   
9,179
 
Purchased credit-impaired loans  
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
       
-
 
                                 
Ending Balance 
$
1,244
  
$
258
  
$
2,505
  
$
3,663
  
$
1,694
  
$
296
  
$
-
  
$
9,660
 
                                 
Loans Balances:                                
Individually evaluated for impairment  
354
   
88
   
1,853
   
6,149
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
8,444
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment  
74,944
   
40,628
   
208,800
   
271,392
   
137,007
   
6,565
   
-
   
739,336
 
Purchased credit-impaired loans  
85
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
       
85
 
Ending Balance 
$
75,383
  
$
40,716
  
$
210,653
  
$
277,541
  
$
137,007
  
$
6,565
  
$
-
  
$
747,865
 

(1)
The real estate – mortgage segment included residential 1-4 family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit.

(2)
The consumer segment includes consumer automobile loans.


65

Index
NOTE 5, Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)


The Company holds certain parcels of real estate due to completed foreclosure proceedings on defaulted loans or the closing of former branches.loans. An analysis of the balance in OREO is as follows:
  Years Ended December 31, 
(dollars in thousands) 2020  2019 
Balance at beginning of year 
$
-
  
$
83
 
Transfers to OREO due to foreclosure  
254
   
-
 
Properties sold  
(254
)
  
(83
)
Balance at end of year 
$
-
  
$
-
 


  Years Ended December 31, 
(dollars in thousands) 2021
  2020
 
Balance at beginning of year 
$
0
  
$
0
 
Transfers to OREO due to foreclosure  
0
   
254
 
Properties sold  
0
   
(254
)
Balance at end of year 
$
0
  
$
0
 

OREO is presented net of a valuation allowance for losses. As the fair values of OREO change, adjustments are made to the recorded investment in the properties through the valuation allowance to ensure that all properties are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value. Properties written down in previous periods can be written back up if a current property valuation warrants the change, though never above the original cost of the property. An analysis of the valuation allowance on OREO is as follows:


62

Index
Expenses applicable to OREO include the following:
  Years Ended December 31, 
(dollars in thousands) 2020  2019 
Net gain on sales of real estate 
$
62
  
$
2
 
Operating expenses, net of income (1)  
(20
)
  
(2
)
Total Income 
$
42
  
$
-
 

  Years Ended December 31, 
(dollars in thousands) 
2021
  
2020
 
Net gain on sales of real estate 
$
0
  
$
62
 
Operating expenses, net of income (1)  
0
   
(20
)
Total Income 
$
0
  
$
42
 

(1) Included in other operating income and other operating expense on the Consolidated Statements of IncomeIncome.


NOTE 6, Premises and Equipment


Premises and equipment consisted of the following at December 31:
  Years Ended December 31, 
(dollars in thousands) 2020  2019 
Land 
$
7,709
  
$
8,001
 
Buildings  
37,530
   
37,900
 
Construction in process  
239
   
958
 
Leashold improvements  
867
   
861
 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment  
21,235
   
19,748
 
   
67,580
   
67,468
 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization  
33,967
   
32,156
 
Balance at end of year 
$
33,613
  
$
35,312
 


  Years Ended December 31, 
(dollars in thousands) 2021
  2020
 
Land 
$
7,270
  
$
7,709
 
Buildings  
36,418
   
37,530
 
Construction in process  
279
   
239
 
Leashold improvements  
867
   
867
 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment  
21,991
   
21,235
 
   
66,825
   
67,580
 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization  
34,691
   
33,967
 
Balance at end of year 
$
32,134
  
$
33,613
 

Depreciation expense was $2.1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 20202021 and 2019 amounted to $2.1 million and $2.2 million, respectively.2020.


NOTE 7. Leases


On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)” and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 842. The Company elected the optional transition method provided by ASU 2018-11 and did not adjust prior periods for ASC 842.  The Company also elected certain practical expedients within the standard and consistent with such elections did not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, did not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and did not reassess any initial direct costs for existing leases. As stated in the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K, the implementation of the new standard resulted in recognition of a right-of-use asset and lease liability of $751 thousand at the date of adoption, which is related to the Company’s lease of premises used in operations. The right-of-use asset and lease liability are included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets. During 2020, theThe Company executed three newdid 0t execute or extend any leases and extend two existing leases resulting in recognition of additional right-of-use asset and lease liability of $1.3 million.during 2021.


Lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments and are presented at each reporting date as the net present value of the remaining contractual cash flows. Cash flows are discounted at the Company’s incremental borrowing rate in effect at the commencement date of the lease if the rate implicit in the lease is unattainable.  Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and are calculated as the sum of the lease liability and if applicable, prepaid rent, initial direct costs and any incentives received from the lessor.

66


The Company’s long-term lease agreements are classified as operating leases. Certain of these leases offer the option to extend the lease term and the Company has included such extensions in its calculation of the lease liabilities to the extent the options are reasonably assured of being exercised. The lease agreements do not provide for residual value guarantees and have no restrictions or covenants that would impact dividends or require incurring additional financial obligations.


The following tables present information about the Company’s leases:


(dollars in thousands) December 31, 2020  December 31, 2021 
Lease liabilities 
$
1,378
  
$
1,041
 
Right-of-use assets 
$
1,364
  
$
1,017
 
Weighted average remaining lease term 4.59 years   
3.64 years
 
Weighted average discount rate 
1.76
%
  
1.73
%


 Years Ended December 31,  Years Ended December 31, 
Lease cost (in thousands)
 2020 2019  2021
  2020
 
Operating lease cost 
$
380
  
$
336
  
$
347
  
$
380
 
Total lease cost 
$
380
  
$
336
  
$
347
  
$
380
 
                
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities 
$
377
  
$
331
  
$
351
  
$
377
 


63

A maturity analysis of operating lease liabilities and reconciliation of the undiscounted cash flows to the total of operating lease liabilities is as follows:
  As of 
Lease payments due (in thousands)
 December 31, 2020 
Twelve months ending December 31, 2021 
$
352
 
Twelve months ending December 31, 2022  
339
 
Twelve months ending December 31, 2023  
248
 
Thereafter  
549
 
Total undiscounted cash flows 
$
1,488
 
Discount  
(110
)
Lease liabilities 
$
1,378
 


Lease payments due (in thousands)
 
As of
December 31, 2021
 
Twelve months ending December 31, 2022
 
$
339
 
Twelve months ending December 31, 2023
  
248
 
Twelve months ending December 31, 2024
  
240
 
Twelve months ending December 31, 2025
  193 
Thereafter  
70
 
Total undiscounted cash flows 
$
1,090
 
Discount  
(49
)
Lease liabilities 
$
1,041
 

The aggregate rental expense of premises and equipment was $415$470 thousand and $361$415 thousand for years ended December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.


NOTE 8, Low-Income Housing Tax Credits


The Company was invested in four4 separate housing equity funds at both December 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019.2020. The general purpose of these funds is to encourage and assist participants in investing in low-income residential rental properties located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, develop and implement strategies to maintain projects as low-income housing, deliver Federal Low Income Housing Credits to investors, allocate tax losses and other possible tax benefits to investors, and preserve and protect project assets.


The investments in these funds were recorded as other assets on the consolidated balance sheets and were $2.3$1.9 million and $3.0$2.3 million at December 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively. The expected terms of these investments and the related tax benefits run through 2033. AdditionalThere were 0 additional committed capital calls expected for the funds totaledas of December 31, 2021 compared to $18 thousand and $50 thousand at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and2020. Additional committed capital calls are recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the corresponding consolidated balance sheets. During the years ended December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, the Company recognized amortization expense of $688$410 thousand and $216$688 thousand, respectively, which was included within noninterest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income.


The table below summarizes the tax credits and other tax benefits recognized by the Company and related to these investments, as of the periods indicated:


  Years Ended 
  December 31, 
  2021
  2020
 
Tax credits and other benefits      
Amortization of operating losses 
$
410
  
$
688
 
Tax benefit of operating losses*  
86
   
144
 
Tax credits  
361
   
419
 
Total tax benefits 
$
447
  
$
563
 

67* Computed using a 21% tax rate.


64

  Years Ended 
  December 31, 
  2020  2019 
Tax credits and other benefits      
Amortization of operating losses 
$
688
  
$
216
 
Tax benefit of operating losses*  
144
   
45
 
Tax credits  
419
   
441
 
Total tax benefits 
$
563
  
$
486
 
* Computed using a 21% tax rate.
        

NOTE 9, Deposits


The aggregate amount of time deposits in denominations of $250 thousand or more at December 31, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 was $45.4$39.9 million and $45.3$45.4 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, no2021, 0 single customer relationship exceeded 5 percent of total deposits.


At December 31, 20202021 the scheduled maturities of time deposits (in thousands) are as follows:


(dollars in thousands)      
2021 
$
111,557
 
2022 
40,569
  
$
99,749
 
2023 
24,824
   
39,040
 
2024 
9,169
   
15,095
 
2025  
7,579
   
7,680
 
2026
  
7,554
 
Balance at end of year 
$
193,698
  
$
169,118
 


NOTE 10, Borrowings


Short-Term Borrowings


The Company classifies all borrowings that will mature within a year from the date on which the Company enters into them as short-term borrowings. Short-term borrowings sources consist of federal funds purchased, overnight repurchase agreements (which are secured transactions with customers that generally mature within one to four days), and advances from the FHLB.


The Company maintains federal funds lines with several correspondent banks to address short-term borrowing needs. At December 31, 20202021 and 20192020 the remaining credit available from these lines totaled $100$115.0 million and $55.0$100.0 million, respectively. The Company has a collateral dependent line of credit with the FHLB with remaining credit availability of $374.7$391.3 million and $276.3$374.7 million as of December 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively.


The following table presents total short-term borrowings as of the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):


(dollar in thousands) December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019  December 31, 2021  December 31, 2020 
Overnight repurchase agreements 
$
6,619
 
$
11,452
  
$
4,536
  
$
6,619
 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 
-
 
-
 
Total short-term borrowings 
$
6,619
 
$
11,452
  
$
4,536
  
$
6,619
 
             
Maximum month-end outstanding balance 
$
9,080
 
$
38,138
  
$
12,239
  
$
9,080
 
Average outstanding balance during the period 
$
21,092
 
$
27,382
  
$
7,293
  
$
21,092
 
Average interest rate (year-to-date) 
0.19
%
 
0.71
%
  
0.10
%
  
0.19
%
Average interest rate at end of period 
0.10
%
 
0.10
%
  
0.10
%
  
0.10
%


Long-Term Borrowings


At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had prepaid all FHLB advances.  The Company did have$480 thousand and $28.6 million, respectively, outstanding in long-term FRB borrowings under PPPLF at December 31, 2020 which all mature in April, 2022 and carry an interest rate of 0.35%.


At December 31, 2019, the Company had the following long-term FHLB advances outstanding (dollars in thousands).

Long-term Type Interest Rate Maturity Date Advance Amount 
Fixed Rate Hybrid  
2.92
%
4/17/2020 
$
10,000
 
Fixed Rate Hybrid  
2.77
%
6/19/2020  
10,000
 
Fixed Rate Hybrid  
2.79
%
8/29/2020  
3,500
 
Fixed Rate Hybrid  
2.63
%
2/26/2021  
5,000
 
Fixed Rate Hybrid  
2.37
%
5/21/2021  
5,000
 
Fixed Rate Hybrid  
2.89
%
8/27/2021  
3,500
 
     
             
 
$
37,000
 

The Company also obtained a loan maturing on April 1, 2023 from a correspondent bank during the second quarter of 2018 to provide partial funding for the Citizens acquisition. The terms of the loan include a LIBOR based interest rate that adjusts monthly and quarterly principal curtailments. At December 31, 2020, the outstanding balance was $1.4 million, and the then-current interest rate was 2.61%. At December 31, 2019 the outstanding balance was $2.0 million, and the then-current interest rate was 4.20%.

The loan agreement with the lender contains financial covenants including minimum return on average asset ratio, maintenance of a well-capitalized position as defined by regulatory guidance and a maximum level of non-performing assets as a percentage of capital plus the allowance for loan losses. The Company was in compliance with each covenant other than minimum return on average asset ratio at December 31, 2020 and as such, elected to pay the loan in full during the first quarter of 2021.

On July 14, 2021, the Company completed the issuance of $29.4 million, net of issuance costs, or $30.0 million in early 2021.aggregate principal amount of subordinated notes (the Notes) due in 2031 in a private placement transaction.  The Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.5% for five years and at the three-month SOFR plus 286 basis points, resetting quarterly, thereafter.


NOTE 11, Share-Based Compensation


The Company has adopted an employee stock purchase plan and offers share-based compensation through its equity compensation plan. Share-based compensation arrangements may include stock options, restricted and unrestricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance units and stock appreciation rights. Accounting standards require all share-based payments to employees to be valued using a fair value method on the date of grant and to be expensed based on that fair value over the applicable vesting period. The Company accounts for forfeitures during the vesting period as they occur.


The 2016 Incentive Stock Plan (the Incentive Stock Plan) permits the issuance of up to 300,000 shares of common stock for awards to key employees and non-employee directors of the Company and its subsidiaries in the form of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, stock awards and performance units. As of December 31, 2020,2021, only restricted stock had been granted under the Incentive Stock Plan.


Restricted stock activity for the year ended December 31, 20202021 is summarized below.


   Weighted Average     Weighted Average 
   Grant Date     Grant Date 
 Shares Fair Value  Shares  Fair Value 
Nonvested, January 1, 2020 
19,933
 
$
22.70
 
Nonvested, January 1, 2021
  
29,576
  
$
18.46
 
Issued 
18,903
 
15.75
   
18,048
   
22.35
 
Vested 
(8,519
)
 
22.10
   
(8,521
)
  
17.50
 
Forfeited 
(741
)
 
21.68
   
(668
)
  
18.89
 
Nonvested, Deceember 31, 2020  
29,576
 
$
18.46
 
Nonvested, December 31, 2021
  
38,435
  
$
20.49
 


The weighted average period over which nonvested awards are expected to be recognized in compensation expense is 2.221.51 years.


The fair value of restricted stock granted during the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $403 thousand and 2019 was $298 thousand, and $361 thousand, respectively.


The remaining unrecognized compensation expense for thenonvested restricted stock shares granted during the year ended December 31, 2020 totaled $176$351 thousand as of December 31, 2020. For shares granted during the year ended December 31, 2019, the remaining compensation expense totaled $712021 and $254 thousand as of December 31, 2020.

Stock-based compensation expense was $261$294 thousand and $224$261 thousand for the years ended December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.


Under the Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), substantially all employees of the Company and its subsidiaries can authorize a specific payroll deduction from their base compensation for the periodic purchase of the Company’s common stock. Shares of stock are issued quarterly at a discount to the market price of the Company’s stock on the day of purchase, which can range from 0-15% and for 20202021 and 20192020 was set at 5%.


Total stock purchases under the ESPP amounted to 4,908 shares during 2021 and 5,819 shares during 2020 and 3,666 shares during 2019.2020. At December 31, 2020,2021, the Company had 232,451227,543 remaining shares reserved for issuance under the ESPP.


NOTE 12, Stockholders’ Equity and Earnings per Common Share


STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY—ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)


The following table presents information on amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss, by category, during the periods indicated:
(dollars in thousands) Years Ended December 31, Affected Line Item on
2020   2019Consolidated Statement of Income
Available-for-sale securities         
Realized gains (losses) on sales of securities 
$
264
  
$
314
 
Gain on sale of available-for-sale securities, net
Tax effect  
55
   
66
 
Income tax expense
  
$
209
  
$
248
  


(dollars in thousands) 
Years Ended
December 31,
 Affected Line Item on
2021
   2020
Consolidated Statement of Income
Available-for-sale securities         
Realized gains on sales of securities 
$
0
  
$
264
 
Gain on sale of available-for-sale securities, net
Tax effect  
0
   
55
 
Income tax expense
  
$
0
  
$
209
  

The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, by category, net of tax, for the periods indicated:


(dollars in thousands) Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities  Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)  Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities  Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
Year Ended December 31, 2021
      
Balance at beginning of period 
$
4,069
  
$
4,069
 
Net other comprehensive loss  
(2,394
)
  
(2,394
)
Balance at end of period 
$
1,675
  
$
1,675
 
              
Year Ended December 31, 2020              
Balance at beginning of period 
$
(79
)
 
$
(79
)
 
$
(79
)
 
$
(79
)
Net other comprehensive income 
4,148
 
4,148
   
4,148
   
4,148
 
Balance at end of period 
$
4,069
 
$
4,069
  
$
4,069
  
$
4,069
 
 ��   
Year Ended December 31, 2019       
Balance at beginning of period 
$
(2,156
)
 
$
(2,156
)
Net other comprehensive income 
2,077
 
2,077
 
Balance at end of period 
$
(79
)
 
$
(79
)


The following table presents the change in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax on a pre-tax and after-tax basis for the periods indicated.
  Year Ended December 31, 2020 
(dollars in thousands) Pretax  Tax  Net-of-Tax 
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities:         
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period 
$
5,514
  
$
1,157
  
$
4,357
 
Reclassification adjustment for gains recognized in income  
(264
)
  
(55
)
  
(209
)
             
Total change in accumulated other comprehensive income, net 
$
5,250
  
$
1,102
  
$
4,148
 
             
  Year Ended December 31, 2019 
(dollars in thousands) Pretax  Tax  Net-of-Tax 
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities:            
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period 
$
2,943
  
$
618
  
$
2,325
 
Reclassification adjustment for gains recognized in income  
(314
)
  
(66
)
  
(248
)
             
Total change in accumulated other comprehensive income, net 
$
2,629
  
$
552
  
$
2,077
 


  Years Ended December 31, 2021 
(dollars in thousands) Pretax  Tax  Net-of-Tax 
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities:         
Unrealized holding losses arising during the period 
$
(3,030
)
 
$
(636
)
 
$
(2,394
)
             
Total change in accumulated other comprehensive income, net 
$
(3,030
)
 
$
(636
)
 
$
(2,394
)

  Years Ended December 31, 2020 
(dollars in thousands) Pretax  Tax  Net-of-Tax 
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities:            
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period 
$
5,514
  
$
1,157
  
$
4,357
 
Reclassification adjustment for gains recognized in income  
(264
)
  
(55
)
  
(209
)
             
Total change in accumulated other comprehensive income, net 
$
5,250
  
$
1,102
  
$
4,148
 
70


EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE


Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, including the effect of dilutive potential common shares attributable to the ESPP.


The following is a reconciliation of the denominators of the basic and diluted EPS computations for the years ended December 31, 20202021 and 2019:2020:


(dollars in thousands except per share data) Net Income Available to Common Shareholders (Numerator)  Weighted Average Common Shares (Denominator)  Per Share Amount  Net Income Available to Common Shareholders (Numerator)  Weighted Average Common Shares (Denominator)  Per Share Amount 
Year ended December 31, 2020       
Year Ended December 31, 2021
         
Net income, basic 
$
5,389
 
5,216
 
$
1.03
  
$
8,440
   
5,238
  
$
1.61
 
Potentially dilutive common shares - employee stock purchase program 
-
 
-
 
-
   
-
   
0
   
-
 
Diluted $5,389  5,216 $1.03  $8,440   5,238  $1.61 
                   
Year ended December 31, 2019       
Year Ended December 31, 2020
            
Net income, basic 
$
7,860
 
5,197
 
$
1.51
  
$
5,389
   
5,216
  
$
1.03
 
Potentially dilutive common shares - employee stock purchase program  -  -  -   -   0   - 
Diluted $7,860 5,197 $1.51  $5,389   5,216  $1.03 


The Company had no0 antidilutive shares in 20202021 or 2019.2020. Non-vested restricted common shares, which carry all rights and privileges of a common share with respect to the stock, including the right to vote, were included in the basic and diluted per common share calculations.


67

NOTE 13, Related Party Transactions


In the ordinary course of business, the Company has granted loans to principal stockholders, executive officers and directors and their affiliates. These loans were made on substantially the same terms and conditions, including interest rates, collateral and repayment terms, as those prevailing at the same time for comparable transactions with unrelated persons, and, in the opinion of management and the Company’s board of directors, do not involve more than normal risk or present other unfavorable features. None of the principal stockholders, executive officers or directors had direct or indirect loans exceeding 10 percent of stockholders’ equity at December 31, 2020.2021.


Annual activity consisted of the following:


(dollars in thousands) 2020 2019  2021
  2020
 
Balance, beginning of year $3,910 
$
4,012
  $4,220  
$
3,910
 
Additions 
3,531
 
297
   
1,822
   
3,531
 
Reductions  
(3,221
)
  
(399
)
  
(4,153
)
  
(3,221
)
Balance, end of year 
$
4,220
 
$
3,910
  
$
1,889
  
$
4,220
 


Deposits from related parties held by the Company at December 31, 20202021 and 20192020 amounted to $17.2$19.8 million and $18.2$17.2 million, respectively.


NOTE 14, Income Taxes


The components of income tax expense for the current and prior year-ends are as follows:


(dollars in thousands) 2020 2019  2021
  2020
 
Current income tax expense 
$
1,155
 
$
728
  
$
1,021
  
$
1,155
 
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) 
(634
)
 
352
   
275
   
(634
)
Reported income tax expense 
$
521
 
$
1,080
  
$
1,296
  
$
521
 


A reconciliation of the expected federal income tax expense on income before income taxes with the reported income tax expense for the same periods follows:


  Years Ended December 31, 
(dollars in thousands) 2021
  2020
 
Expected tax expense 
$
2,045
  
$
1,241
 
Interest expense on tax-exempt assets  
3
   
5
 
Low-income housing tax credit  
(361
)
  
(413
)
Tax-exempt interest, net  
(195
)
  
(147
)
Bank-owned life insurance  
(213
)
  
(176
)
Other, net  
17
   
11
 
Reported tax expense 
$
1,296
  
$
521
 
71

  Years Ended December 31, 
(dollars in thousands) 2020  2019 
Expected tax expense 
$
1,241
  
$
1,877
 
Interest expense on tax-exempt assets  
5
   
7
 
Low-income housing tax credit  
(413
)
  
(440
)
Tax-exempt interest, net  
(147
)
  
(201
)
Bank-owned life insurance  
(176
)
  
(164
)
Other, net  
11
   
1
 
Reported tax expense 
$
521
  
$
1,080
 

The effective tax rates for 2021 and 2020 were 13.3% and 2019 were 8.8% and 12.1%, respectively.


68

The components of the net deferred tax asset, included in other assets, are as follows:


(dollars in thousands) 2020 2019  2021
  2020
 
Deferred tax assets:           
Allowance for loan losses 
$
2,017
 
$
2,029
  
$
2,072
  
$
2,017
 
Nonaccrual loans 
9
 
17
   
10
   
9
 
Acquisition accounting 
14
 
61
   
5
   
14
 
Net operating losses 
643
 
677
   
609
   
643
 
Investments in pass-through entities 
224
 
122
   
267
   
224
 
Bank owned life insurance benefit 
68
 
64
   
72
   
68
 
Securities available-for-sale 
-
 
21
   
0
   
0
 
Stock awards 
97
 
67
   
116
   
97
 
Deferred compensation 
397
 
347
   
314
   
397
 
Deferred loan fees and costs 
443
 
-
   
270
   
443
 
Other  
55
  
59
   
66
   
55
 
 
$
3,967
 
$
3,464
  
$
3,801
  
$
3,967
 
Deferred tax liabilities:             
Premises and equipment 
$
363
 
$
345
  
$
481
  
$
363
 
Acquisition accounting 
67
 
76
   
58
   
67
 
Deferred loan fees and costs 
-
 
117
   
0
   
0
 
Securities available-for-sale  
1,081
  
-
   
445
   
1,081
 
 
1,511
 
538
   
984
   
1,511
 
Net deferred tax assets 
$
2,456
 
$
2,926
  
$
2,817
  
$
2,456
 


The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and the Commonwealth of Virginia. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2017.2018.


NOTE 15, Commitments and Contingencies


CREDIT-RELATED FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company is a party to credit-related financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business in order to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and commercial letters of credit. Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.


The Company’s exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amount of these commitments. The Company follows the same credit policies in making such commitments as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments.


The following financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk were outstanding at:


  December 31, 
(dollars in thousands) 2021
  2020
 
Commitments to extend credit:      
Home equity lines of credit 
$
71,751
  
$
66,999
 
Commercial real estate, construction and development loans committed but not funded  
42,683
   
20,258
 
Other lines of credit (principally commercial)  
52,695
   
64,329
 
Total 
$
167,129
  
$
151,586
 
         
Letters of credit 
$
3,617
  
$
4,841
 
72

  December 31, 
(dollars in thousands) 2020  2019 
Commitments to extend credit:      
Home equity lines of credit 
$
66,999
  
$
62,267
 
Commercial real estate, construction and development loans committed but not funded  
20,258
   
15,637
 
Other lines of credit (principally commercial)  
64,329
   
62,321
 
Total 
$
151,586
  
$
140,225
 
         
Letters of credit 
$
4,841
  
$
7,724
 


Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s credit-worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company, upon extensions of credit is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment and income-producing commercial properties.


69

Unfunded commitments under commercial lines of credit, revolving credit lines, and overdraft protection agreements are commitments for possible future extensions of credit to existing customers. These lines of credit are not collateralized and usually do not contain a specified maturity date, and ultimately may or may not be drawn upon to the total extent to which the Company is committed.


Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those letters of credit are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. Essentially all letters of credit issued have expiration dates within one year, with the exception of one letter of credit which expires in 2022, and two4 letters of credit which expire in 2023.2023, all of which are secured by real estate. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Company holds various collateral supporting those commitments for which collateral is deemed necessary.


LEGAL CONTINGENCIES
Various legal claims arise from time to time in the normal course of business, which, in the opinion of management, will not have a material effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.


NOTE 16, Fair Value Measurements


DETERMINATION OF FAIR VALUE
The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. In accordance with the “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” topics of FASB ASU No. 2010-06 and FASB ASU No. 2011-04, and FASB ASU No. 2016-01, the fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received in the sale of an asset or transfer of a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimate of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.


The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value can be a reasonable point within a range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions.


In estimating the fair value of assets and liabilities, the Company relies mainly on two models. The first model, used by the Company’s bond accounting service provider, determines the fair value of securities. Securities are priced based on an evaluation of observable market data, including benchmark yield curves, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, and issuer spreads. Pricing is also impacted by credit information about the issuer, perceived market movements, and current news events impacting the individual sectors. The second source is a third party vendor the Company utilizes to provide fair value exit pricing for loans and interest bearing deposits in accordance with guidance.

73


In accordance with ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” the Company groups its financial assets and financial liabilities generally measured at fair value into three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value.


Level 1 –Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 1 assets and liabilities generally include debt and equity securities that are traded in an active exchange market. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities.


Level 2 –Valuation is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. The valuation may be based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.


Level 3 –Valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.


An instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.


70

ASSETS MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE ON A RECURRING BASIS
Debt securities with readily determinable fair values that are classified as “available-for-sale” are recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income. Securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted market prices, when available (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are derived primarily from or corroborated by observable market data. Third party vendors compile prices from various sources and may determine the fair value of identical or similar securities by using pricing models that consider observable market data (Level 2). In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. Currently, all of the Company’s available-for-sale securities are considered to be Level 2 securities.


The following tables present the balances of certain assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated:


   Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2020 Using     Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021 Using 
    Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
  Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
     Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
  Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
      
(dollars in thousands) Balance  Balance 
Assets:
            
Available-for-sale securities                        
U.S. Treasury securities 
$
7,043
  
$
-
  
$
7,043
  
$
-
  
$
14,904
  
$
0
  
$
14,904
  
$
0
 
Obligations of U.S. Government agencies 
36,696
  
-
  
36,696
  
-
   
38,558
   
0
   
38,558
   
0
 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions 
45,995
  
-
  
45,995
  
-
   
65,803
   
0
   
65,803
   
0
 
Mortgage-backed securities 
73,501
  
-
  
73,501
  
-
   
89,058
   
0
   
89,058
   
0
 
Money market investments 
4,743
  
-
  
4,743
  
-
   
2,413
   
0
   
2,413
 �� 
0
 
Corporate bonds and other securities 
18,431
  
-
  
18,431
  
-
   
23,585
   
0
   
23,585
   
0
 
Total available-for-sale securities 
$
186,409
  
$
-
  
$
186,409
  
$
-
  

234,321
  

0
  

234,321
  

0
 
Derivatives
                
Interest rate lock
  43   0   43   0 
Interest rate swap on loans
  181   0   181   0 
Total assets
 $
234,545  $
0  $
234,545  $
0 
                
Liabilities:                
Derivatives                
Interest rate swap on loans
  181   0   181   0 
Total liabilities
 $
181  $
0  $
181  $0 


     Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2020 Using 
     Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
  Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
    
(dollars in thousands) Balance 
Available-for-sale securities            
U.S. Treasury securities 
$
7,043
  
$
0
  
$
7,043
  
$
0
 
Obligations of  U.S. Government agencies  
36,696
   
0
   
36,696
   
0
 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions  
45,995
   
0
   
45,995
   
0
 
Mortgage-backed securities  
73,501
   
0
   
73,501
   
0
 
Money market investments  
4,743
   
0
   
4,743
   
0
 
Corporate bonds and other securities  
18,431
   
0
   
18,431
   
0
 
Total available-for-sale securities 
$
186,409
  
$
0
  
$
186,409
  
$
0
 

7471

     Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019 Using 
     Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
  Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
    
(dollars in thousands) Balance 
Available-for-sale securities            
U.S. Treasury securities 
$
7,003
  
$
-
  
$
7,003
  
$
-
 
Obligations of  U.S. Government agencies  
33,604
   
-
   
33,604
  
-
 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions  
24,742
   
-
   
24,742
  
-
 
Mortgage-backed securities  
71,908
   
-
   
71,908
  
-
 
Money market investments  
3,825
   
-
   
3,825
  
-
 
Corporate bonds and other securities  
4,633
   
-
   
4,633
  
-
 
Total available-for-sale securities 
$
145,715
  
$
-
  
$
145,715
  
$
-
 

ASSETS MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE ON A NONRECURRING BASIS

Under certain circumstances, adjustments are made to the fair value for assets and liabilities although they are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis.


Impaired loans
A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The measurement of fair value and loss associated with impaired loans can be based on the observable market price of the loan, the fair value of the collateral securing the loan, or the present value of the loan’s expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate rather than at a market rate. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable, with the vast majority of the collateral in real estate.


The value of real estate collateral is determined utilizing an income, market, or cost valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company. In the case of loans with lower balances, the Company may obtain a real estate evaluation instead of an appraisal. Evaluations utilize many of the same techniques as appraisals, and are typically performed by independent appraisers. Once received, appraisals and evaluations are reviewed by trained staff independent of the lending function to verify consistency and reasonability. Appraisals and evaluations are based on significant unobservable inputs, including but not limited to: adjustments made to comparable properties, judgments about the condition of the subject property, the availability and suitability of comparable properties, capitalization rates, projected income of the subject or comparable properties, vacancy rates, projected depreciation rates, and the state of the local and regional economy. The Company may also elect to make additional reductions in the collateral value based on management’s best judgment, which represents another source of unobservable inputs. Because of the subjective nature of collateral valuation, impaired loans are considered Level 3.


Impaired loans may be secured by collateral other than real estate. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business’ financial statements if not considered significant using observable market data. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivable collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3). If a loan is not collateral-dependent, its impairment may be measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. Because the loan is discounted at its effective rate of interest, rather than at a market rate, the loan is not considered to be held at fair value and is not included in the tables below. Collateral-dependent impaired loans allocated to the allowance for loan losses are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as part of the provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.


Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)
Loans are transferred to OREO when the collateral securing them is foreclosed on. The measurement of loss associated with OREO is based on the fair value of the collateral compared to the unpaid loan balance and anticipated costs to sell the property. If there is a contract for the sale of a property, and management reasonably believes the transaction will be consummated in accordance with the terms of the contract, fair value is based on the sale price in that contract (Level 1). If management has recent information about the sale of identical properties, such as when selling multiple condominium units on the same property, the remaining units would be valued based on the observed market data (Level 2). Lacking either a contract or such recent data, management would obtain an appraisal or evaluation of the value of the collateral as discussed above under Impaired Loans (Level 3). After the asset has been booked, a new appraisal or evaluation is obtained when management has reason to believe the fair value of the property may have changed and no later than two years after the last appraisal or evaluation was received. Any fair value adjustments to OREO below the original book value are recorded in the period incurred and expensed against current earnings.


Loans Held For Sale
Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. These loans currently consist of residential loans originated for sale in the secondary market. Fair value is based on the price secondary markets are currently offering for similar loans using observable market data which is not materially different than cost due to the short duration between origination and sale (Level 2). Gains and losses on the sale of loans are reported on a separate line item on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.


The following table presents the assets carried on the consolidated balance sheets for which a nonrecurring change in fair value has been recorded. Assets are shown by class of loan and by level in the fair value hierarchy, as of the dates indicated. Certain impaired loans are valued by the present value of the loan’s expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. These loans are not carried on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value and, as such, are not included in the table below.


   Carrying Value at December 31, 2020     Carrying Value at December 31, 2021 
(dollars in thousands) Fair Value  Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
  Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
  Fair Value  
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Impaired loans
            
Commercial loans
 $
87  $0  $
0  $87 
Total $
87  $
0  $
0  $
87 
                
Loans                            
Loans held for sale 
$
14,413
  
$
-
  
$
14,413
  
$
-
  
$
3,287
  
$
0
  
$
3,287
  
$
0
 


     Carrying Value at December 31, 2019 
(dollars in thousands) Fair Value  Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
  Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Impaired loans            
Mortgage loans on real estate:            
Residential 1-4 family 
$
74
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
74
 
Commercial  
1,294
   
-
   
-
   
1,294
 
Construction  
74
   
-
   
-
   
74
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate  
1,442
   
-
   
-
   
1,442
 
Total 
$
1,442
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
1,442
 
                 
Loans                
Loans held for sale 
$
590
  
$
-
  
$
590
  
$
-
 
     Carrying Value at December 31, 2020 
(dollars in thousands) Fair Value  
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Loans                
Loans held for sale 
$
14,413
  
$
0
  
$
14,413
  
$
0
 


The Company did not have any Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2020.  The following table displays quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2019:2021:


    Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements 
(dollars in thousands) Fair Value at December 31, 2021 Valuation TechniquesUnobservable Input Range (Weighted Average) 
Impaired loans        
Commercial loans $87 
 Market comparables
 Selling costs
  0.00% - 8.00% (7.00%)
    Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements 
(dollars in thousands) Fair Value at December 31, 2019 Valuation TechniquesUnobservable Input Range (Weighted Average) 
Impaired loans        
Residential 1-4 family real estate 
$
74 
 Market comparables
 Selling costs
  
7.25
%
        
 Liquidation discount
  
4.00
%
Commercial real estate 
$
1,294
 
 Market comparables
 Selling costs
  
6.00
%
        
 Liquidation discount
  
35.00
%
Construction 
$
74
 
 Market comparables
 Selling costs
  
7.25
%
        
 Liquidation discount
  
4.00
%


FASB ASC 825, “Financial Instruments,” requires disclosure about fair value of financial instruments and excludes certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company’s assets.


The following presents the carrying amount, fair value, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments as of December 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019.2020. For short-term financial assets such as cash and cash equivalents, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the relatively short time between origination of the instrument and its expected realization. For non-marketable equity securities such as Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value as these securities can only be redeemed or sold at their par value and only to the respective issuing government-supported institution or to another member institution. For financial liabilities such as noninterest-bearing demand, interest-bearing demand, and savings deposits, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to these products having no stated maturity. Fair values for December 31, 20202021 and 20192020 are estimated under the exit price notion in accordance with ASU No. 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.”


The estimated fair values, and related carrying or notional amounts, of the Company’s financial instruments as of the dates indicated are as follows:
   Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2020 Using    Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021 Using 
    Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
  Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
   Carrying Value  
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
   
(dollars in thousands) Carrying Value 
Assets                        
Cash and cash equivalents 
$
120,437
 
$
120,437
 
$
-
 
$
-
  
$
187,922
 
$
187,922
 
$
0
 
$
0
 
Securities available-for-sale 
186,409
  
-
 
186,409
  
-
  
234,321
  
0
 
234,321
  
0
 
Restricted securities 
1,367
  
-
 
1,367
  
-
  
1,034
  
0
 
1,034
  
0
 
Loans held for sale 
14,413
  
-
 
14,413
  
-
  
3,287
  
0
 
3,287
  
0
 
Loans, net of allowances for loan losses 
826,759
  
-
 
-
  
825,963
  
833,661
  
0
 
0
  
834,693
 
Derivatives           
Interest rate lock
 43  0 43  0 
Interest rate swap on loans
 181  0 181  0 
Bank owned life insurance 
28,386
  
-
 
28,386
  
-
  
28,168
  
0
 
28,168
  
0
 
Accrued interest receivable 
3,613
  
-
 
3,613
  
-
  
3,339
  
0
 
3,339
  
0
 
                        
Liabilities                        
Deposits 
$
1,067,236
 
$
-
 
$
1,070,236
 
$
-
  
$
1,177,099
 
$
0
 
$
1,179,631
 
$
0
 
Overnight repurchase agreements 
6,619
  
-
 
6,619
  
-
  
4,536
  
0
 
4,536
  
0
 
Federal Reserve Bank borrowings 
28,550
  
-
 
28,550
  
-
  
480
  
0
 
480
  
0
 
Other borrowings 
1,350
  
-
 
1,350
  
-
 
Long term borrowings 
29,407
  
0
 
29,657
  
0
 
Derivatives
           
Interest rate swap on loans
 181  0 181  0 
Accrued interest payable 
384
  
-
 
384
  
-
  
693
  
0
 
693
  
0
 


     Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2020 Using 
(dollars in thousands) Carrying Value  
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets            
Cash and cash equivalents 
$
120,437
  
$
120,437
  
$
0
  
$
0
 
Securities available-for-sale  
186,409
   
0
   
186,409
   
0
 
Restricted securities  
1,367
   
0
   
1,367
   
0
 
Loans held for sale  
14,413
   
0
   
14,413
   
0
 
Loans, net of allowances for loan losses  
826,759
   
0
   
0
   
825,963
 
Bank owned life insurance  
28,386
   
0
   
28,386
   
0
 
Accrued interest receivable  
3,613
   
0
   
3,613
   
0
 
                 
Liabilities                
Deposits 
$
1,067,236
  
$
0
  
$
1,070,236
  
$
0
 
Overnight repurchase agreements  
6,619
   
0
   
6,619
   
0
 
Federal Reserve Bank borrowings  
28,550
   
0
   
28,550
   
0
 
Other borrowings  
1,350
   
0
   
1,350
   
0
 
Accrued interest payable  
384
   
0
   
384
   
0
 

7774

     Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019 Using 
     Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
  Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
    
(dollars in thousands) Carrying Value 
Assets            
Cash and cash equivalents 
$
89,865
  
$
89,865
  
$
-
  
$
-
 
Securities available-for-sale  
145,715
   
-
   
145,715
   
-
 
Restricted securities  
2,926
   
-
   
2,926
   
-
 
Loans held for sale  
590
   
-
   
590
   
-
 
Loans, net of allowances for loan losses  
738,205
   
-
   
-
   
734,932
 
Bank owned life insurance  
27,547
   
-
   
27,547
   
-
 
Accrued interest receivable  
2,762
   
-
   
2,762
   
-
 
                 
Liabilities                
Deposits 
$
889,496
  
$
-
  
$
893,584
  
$
-
 
Overnight repurchase agreements  
11,452
   
-
   
11,452
   
-
 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances  
37,000
   
-
   
36,747
   
-
 
Other borrowings  
1,950
   
-
   
1,950
   
-
 
Accrued interest payable  
620
   
-
   
620
   
-
 

NOTE 17, Regulatory Matters


The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can cause certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions to be initiated by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Federal banking regulations also impose regulatory capital requirements on bank holding companies. Under the small bank holding company policy statement of the FRB, which applies to certain bank holding companies with consolidated total assets of less than $3 billion, the Company is not subject to regulatory capital requirements.


Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of total, Tier 1, and common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets and of Tier 1 capital to average assets. The terms Tier 1 and common equity tier 1 capital, risk-weighted assets and average assets, as used in this note, are as defined in the applicable regulations. Management believes, as of December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, that the Company and the Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.


On September 17, 2019 the FDIC finalized a rule that introduced an optional simplified measure of capital adequacy for qualifying community banking organizations, CBLRF as required by the EGRRCPA. The CBLRF is designed to reduce burden by removing the requirements for calculating and reporting risk-based capital ratios for qualifying community banking organizations that opt into the framework. In order to qualify for the CBLR framework, a community banking organization must have a Tier 1 leverage ratio of greater than 9%, less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, and limited amounts of off-balance-sheet exposures and trading assets and liabilities. The CBLRF was available for banks to begin using in their March 31, 2020, Call Report. The Bank did not opt into the CBLR framework.


As of December 31, 2020,2021, the most recent notification from the Comptroller categorized the Bank as well-capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well-capitalized, an institution must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, common equity tier 1 risk-based and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the following tables. There are no conditions or events since the notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category. The Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios as of December 31, 20202021 and 20192020 are presented in the table below.


  2021
     2020
    
  Regulatory     Regulatory    
  Minimums  December 31, 2021  Minimums  December 31, 2020 
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets  
4.500
%
  
12.57
%
  
4.500
%
  
11.69
%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets  
6.000
%
  
12.57
%
  
6.000
%
  
11.69
%
Tier 1 Leverage to Average Assets  
4.000
%
  
9.09
%
  
4.000
%
  
8.56
%
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets  
8.000
%
  
13.61
%
  
8.000
%
  
12.77
%
Capital Conservation Buffer  
2.500
%
  
5.61
%
  
2.500
%
  
4.77
%
Risk-Weighted Assets (in thousands)     
$
952,218
      
$
890,091
 
  2020     2019    
  Regulatory     Regulatory    
  Minimums  December 31, 2020  Minimums  December 31, 2019 
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets  
4.500
%
  
11.69
%
  
4.500
%
  
11.73
%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets  
6.000
%
  
11.69
%
  
6.000
%
  
11.73
%
Tier 1 Leverage to Average Assets  
4.000
%
  
8.56
%
  
4.000
%
  
9.73
%
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets  
8.000
%
  
12.77
%
  
8.000
%
  
12.86
%
Capital Conservation Buffer  
2.500
%
  
4.77
%
  
2.500
%
  
4.86
%
Risk-Weighted Assets (in thousands)     
$
890,091
      
$
863,905
 


The approval of the Comptroller is required if the total of all dividends declared by a national bank in any calendar year exceeds the bank’s net profits for that year combined with its retained net profits for the preceding two calendar years. Under this formula, the Bank and Trust can distribute as dividends to the Company in 2021,2022, without approval of the Comptroller, $7.6$8.3 million plus an additional amount equal to the Bank’s and Trust’s retained net profits for 20212022 up to the date of any dividend declaration.


NOTE 18, Segment Reporting


The Company operates in a decentralized fashion in three3 principal business segments: the Bank, the Trust, and the Company (for purposes of this Note). Revenues from the Bank’s operations consist primarily of interest earned on loans and investment securities and service charges on deposit accounts. Trust’s operating revenues consist principally of income from fiduciary and asset management fees. The Parent’s revenues are mainly interest and dividends received from the Bank and Trust companies. The Company has no other segments. The Company’s reportable segments are strategic business units that offer different products and services. They are managed separately because each segment appeals to different markets and, accordingly, requires different technologies and marketing strategies.


Information about reportable segments, and reconciliation of such information to the Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the years ended December 31 follows:


 Year Ended December 31, 2020  Year Ended December 31, 2021 
(dollars in thousands) Bank  Trust  Unconsolidated Parent  Eliminations  Consolidated  Bank  Trust  Unconsolidated Parent  Eliminations  Consolidated 
Revenues                          
Interest and dividend income 
$
39,966
 
$
43
 
$
6,069
 
$
(6,069
)
 
$
40,009
  
$
42,226
  
$
26
  
$
9,643
  
$
(9,643
)
 
$
42,252
 
Income from fiduciary activities 
-
 
3,877
 
-
 
-
 
3,877
   
0
   
4,198
   
0
   
0
   
4,198
 
Other income  
9,899
  
983
  
200
  
(261
)
  
10,821
   
9,681
   
1,067
   
201
   
(262
)
  
10,687
 
Total operating income 
49,865
 
4,903
 
6,269
 
(6,330
)
 
54,707
   
51,907
   
5,291
   
9,844
   
(9,905
)
  
57,137
 
                               
Expenses                               
Interest expense 
5,237
 
-
 
55
 
-
 
5,292
   
2,909
   
0
   
549
   
0
   
3,458
 
Provision for loan losses 
1,000
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
1,000
   
794
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
794
 
Salaries and employee benefits 
21,652
 
3,191
 
669
 
-
 
25,512
   
21,682
   
3,012
   
667
   
0
   
25,361
 
Other expenses 
15,840
 
1,078
 
336
 
(261
)
 
16,993
   
16,412
   
1,131
   
507
   
(262
)
  
17,788
 
Total operating expenses 
43,729
 
4,269
 
1,060
 
(261
)
 
48,797
   
41,797
   
4,143
   
1,723
   
(262
)
  
47,401
 
                               
Income before taxes
 
6,136
 
634
 
5,209
 
(6,069
)
 
5,910
   
10,110
   
1,148
   
8,121
   
(9,643
)
  
9,736
 
                               
Income tax expense (benefit)
  
565
  
136
  
(180
)
  
-
  
521
   
1,372
   
243
   
(319
)
  
0
   
1,296
 
                               
Net income
 
$
5,571
 
$
498
 
$
5,389
 
$
(6,069
)
 
$
5,389
  
$
8,738
  
$
905
  
$
8,440
  
$
(9,643
)
 
$
8,440
 
                               
Capital expenditures
 
$
901
 
$
23
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
924
  
$
1,473
  
$
41
  
$
0
  
$
0
  
$
1,514
 
                               
Total assets
 
$
1,218,766
 
$
6,957
 
$
118,558
 
$
(118,090
)
 
$
1,226,191
  
$
1,330,337
  
$
7,227
  
$
150,943
  
$
(150,352
)
 
$
1,338,155
 


  Year Ended December 31, 2020 
(dollars in thousands) Bank  Trust  Unconsolidated Parent  Eliminations  Consolidated 
Revenues               
Interest and dividend income 
$
39,966
  
$
43
  
$
6,069
  
$
(6,069
)
 
$
40,009
 
Income from fiduciary activities  
0
   
3,877
   
0
   
0
   
3,877
 
Other income  
9,899
   
983
   
200
   
(261
)
  
10,821
 
Total operating income  
49,865
   
4,903
   
6,269
   
(6,330
)
  
54,707
 
                     
Expenses                    
Interest expense  
5,237
   
0
   
55
   
0
   
5,292
 
Provision for loan losses  
1,000
   
0
   
0
   
0
   
1,000
 
Salaries and employee benefits  
21,652
   
3,191
   
669
   
0
   
25,512
 
Other expenses  
15,840
   
1,078
   
336
   
(261
)
  
16,993
 
Total operating expenses  
43,729
   
4,269
   
1,060
   
(261
)
  
48,797
 
                     
Income before taxes
  
6,136
   
634
   
5,209
   
(6,069
)
  
5,910
 
                     
Income tax expense (benefit)
  
565
   
136
   
(180
)
  
0
   
521
 
                     
Net income
 
$
5,571
  
$
498
  
$
5,389
  
$
(6,069
)
 
$
5,389
 
                     
Capital expenditures
 
$
901
  
$
23
  
$
0
  
$
0
  
$
924
 
                     
Total assets
 
$
1,218,766
  
$
6,957
  
$
118,558
  
$
(118,090
)
 
$
1,226,191
 

7976

  Year Ended December 31, 2019 
(dollars in thousands) Bank  Trust  Unconsolidated Parent  Eliminations  Consolidated 
Revenues               
Interest and dividend income 
$
40,121
  
$
120
  
$
8,446
  
$
(8,446
)
 
$
40,241
 
Income from fiduciary activities  
-
   
3,850
   
-
   
-
   
3,850
 
Other income  
9,260
   
1,028
   
200
   
(261
)
  
10,227
 
Total operating income  
49,381
   
4,998
   
8,646
   
(8,707
)
  
54,318
 
                     
Expenses                    
Interest expense  
6,310
   
-
   
112
   
-
   
6,422
 
Provision for loan losses  
318
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
318
 
Salaries and employee benefits  
20,405
   
3,142
   
477
   
-
   
24,024
 
Other expenses  
13,508
   
1,015
   
352
   
(261
)
  
14,614
 
Total operating expenses  
40,541
   
4,157
   
941
   
(261
)
  
45,378
 
                     
Income before taxes
  
8,840
   
841
   
7,705
   
(8,446
)
  
8,940
 
                     
Income tax expense (benefit)
  
1,054
   
181
   
(155
)
  
-
   
1,080
 
                     
Net income
 
$
7,786
  
$
660
  
$
7,860
  
$
(8,446
)
 
$
7,860
 
                     
Capital expenditures
 
$
1,756
  
$
26
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
1,782
 
                     
Total assets
 
$
1,048,158
  
$
6,695
  
$
111,764
  
$
(112,129
)
 
$
1,054,488
 

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The Company evaluates performance based on profit or loss from operations before income taxes not including nonrecurring gains or losses.


Both the Parent and the Trust companies maintain deposit accounts with the Bank, on terms substantially similar to those available to other customers. These transactions are eliminated to reach consolidated totals.


The Company operates in one1 geographical area and does not have a single external customer from which it derives 10 percent or more of its revenues.


NOTE 19, Condensed Financial Statements of Parent Company


Financial information pertaining to Old Point Financial Corporation (parent company only) is as follows:


Balance Sheets December 31,  December 31, 
(dollars in thousands) 2020 2019  2021
  2020
 
Assets           
Cash and cash equivalents 
$
1,203
 
$
1,399
  
$
20,012
  
$
1,203
 
Securities available-for-sale 
-
 
-
   
0
   
0
 
Investment in common stock of subsidiaries 
116,848
 
110,057
   
130,123
   
116,848
 
Other assets 
507
 
308
   
808
   
507
 
Total assets 
$
118,558
 
$
111,764
  
$
150,943
  
$
118,558
 
             
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity             
Other borrowings 
$
1,350
 
$
1,950
  
$
29,407
  
$
1,350
 
Other liability 
63
 
58
   
718
   
63
 
Common stock 
25,972
 
25,901
   
26,006
   
25,972
 
Additional paid-in capital 
21,245
 
20,959
   
21,458
   
21,245
 
Retained earnings 
65,859
 
62,975
   
71,679
   
65,859
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)  
4,069
  
(79
)
  
1,675
   
4,069
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 
$
118,558
 
$
111,764
  
$
150,943
  
$
118,558
 


Statements of Income Years Ended December 31, 
(dollars in thousands) 2021
  2020
 
Income:      
Dividends from subsidiary 
$
3,975
  
$
3,425
 
Other income  
201
   
200
 
Total income  
4,176
   
3,625
 
         
Expenses:        
Salary and benefits  
667
   
669
 
Subordinated debt
  549   0 
Legal expenses  
274
   
108
 
Service fees  
146
   
135
 
Other operating expenses  
87
   
148
 
Total expenses  
1,723
   
1,060
 
Income before income taxes and equity in
        
undistributed net income of subsidiaries  
2,453
   
2,565
 
Income tax benefit  
(319
)
  
(180
)
   
2,772
   
2,745
 
Equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries  
5,668
   
2,644
 
Net income 
$
8,440
  
$
5,389
 

8077

Statements of Income Years Ended December 31, 
(dollars in thousands) 2020  2019 
Income:      
Dividends from subsidiary 
$
3,425
  
$
3,500
 
Interest on investments  
-
   
-
 
Other income  
200
   
200
 
Total income  
3,625
   
3,700
 
         
Expenses:        
Salary and benefits  
669
   
477
 
Legal expenses  
108
   
101
 
Service fees  
135
   
200
 
Other operating expenses  
148
   
163
 
Total expenses  
1,060
   
941
 
Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries  
2,565
   
2,759
 
Income tax benefit  
(180
)
  
(155
)
   
2,745
   
2,914
 
Equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries  
2,644
   
4,946
 
Net income 
$
5,389
  
$
7,860
 
Statements of Cash Flows Years Ended December 31, 
(dollars in thousands) 2021
  2020
 
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income 
$
8,440
  
$
5,389
 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
        
provided by operating activities:        
Equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries  
(5,668
)
  
(2,644
)
Amortization of subordinated debt issuance costs
  60   0 
Stock compensation expense  
32
   
55
 
(Decrease) increase in other assets  
(40
)
  
8
 
Increase in other liabilities  
655
   
5
 
Net cash provided by operating activities  
3,479
   
2,813
 
         
Cash flows from investing activities:        
Cash distributed to subsidiary  
(10,000
)
  
0
 
Net cash used in investing activities  
(10,000
)
  
0
 
         
Cash flows from financing activities:        
Proceeds from sale of stock  
103
   
96
 
Proceeds from borrowings
  29,347   0 
Repayment of borrowings  
(1,350
)
  
(600
)
Repurchase and retirement of common stock
  (150)  0 
Cash dividends paid on common stock  
(2,620
)
  
(2,505
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities  
25,330
   
(3,009
)
         
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents  
18,809
   
(196
)
         
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year  
1,203
   
1,399
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 
$
20,012
  
$
1,203
 

Statements of Cash Flows Years Ended December 31, 
(dollars in thousands) 2020  2019 
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income 
$
5,389
  
$
7,860
 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:        
Equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries  
(2,644
)
  
(4,946
)
Gain on sale of securities, net  
-
   
-
 
Stock compensation expense  
55
   
12
 
Increase in other assets  
8
   
110
 
Increase in other liabilities  
5
   
22
 
Net cash provided by operating activities  
2,813
   
3,058
 
         
Cash flows from investing activities:        
Proceeds from sale of investment securities  
-
   
-
 
Cash paid in acquisition  
-
   
-
 
Cash acquired in acquisition  
-
   
-
 
Cash distributed to subsidiary  
-
   
-
 
Net cash used in investing activities  
-
   
-
 
         
Cash flows from financing activities:        
Proceeds from sale of stock  
96
   
85
 
Repayment of borrowings  
(600
)
  
(600
)
Cash dividends paid on common stock  
(2,505
)
  
(2,496
)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities  
(3,009
)
  
(3,011
)
         
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents  
(196
)
  
47
 
         
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year  
1,399
   
1,352
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 
$
1,203
  
$
1,399
 


8178


Index
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure


None.


Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures


Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of  December 31, 20202021 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.


In designing and evaluating its disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.


Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Management of the Company is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.


Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020.2021. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013). Based on our assessment, we believe that, as of December 31, 2020,2021, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.


The Company’s annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, Yount, Hyde, & Barbour. P.C. (YHB), regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by YHB pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in its annual report.


Changes in Internal Controls. There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the Company’s fourth quarter ended December 31, 20202021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.


Item 9B.Other Information

None.

Item 9B.9C.
Other Information
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections


None.Not Applicable.

Part III


Except as otherwise indicated, information called for by the following items under Part III is contained in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 20202022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the 20212022 Proxy Statement) to be held on May 25, 2021.24, 2022.


Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance


The information with respect to the directors of the Company is set forth under the caption “Election of Directors” in the 20212022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.


The information regarding the Section 16(a) reporting requirements of the directors and executive officers, if applicable, is set forth under the caption “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” in the 20212022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

The information concerning the executive officers of the Company required by this item is included in Part I of this report on Form 10-K under the caption “Information about Our Executive Officers.”


The information regarding the Company’s Audit Committee and its Audit Committee Financial Expert is set forth under the caption “Board Committees and Attendance” in the 20212022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.


The Company has a Code of Ethics which details principles and responsibilities governing ethical conduct for all Company directors, officers, employees and principal stockholders.


A copy of the Code of Ethics will be provided free of charge, upon written request made to the Company’s secretary at 1 West Mellen101 East Queen Street, Hampton, Virginia 2366323669 or by calling (757) 728-1200. The Code of Ethics is also posted on the Company’s website at www.oldpoint.com in the “Community” section, under “Investor Relations” and then “Governance Documents." The Company intends to satisfy the disclosure requirements of Form 8-K with respect to waivers of or amendments to the Code of Ethics with respect to certain officers of the Company by posting such disclosures on its website under “Waivers of or amendments to the Code of Ethics.” The Company may, however, elect to disclose any such amendment or waiver in a report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC either in addition to or in lieu of the website disclosure.


Item 11.
Executive Compensation


The information set forth under the captions “Executive Compensation” in the 20212022 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. The information regarding director compensation contained in the 2022 Proxy Statement under the caption “Director Compensation” is incorporated herein by reference.


Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters


The information set forth under the caption “Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans” in the 20212022 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.


The information set forth under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the 20212022 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.


Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence


The information set forth under the caption “Interest of Management in Certain Transactions” in the 20212022 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.


The information regarding director independence set forth under the caption “Board Committees and Attendance” in the 20212022 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.


Item 14.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services


The information set forth under the captions “Principal Accountant Fees” and “Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policy” in the 20212022 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.


Part IV

Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules


(a)(1)Consolidated Financial Statements

(a)(1)     Consolidated Financial Statements

The following Consolidated Financial Statements and reports are included in Part II, Item 8, of this report on Form 10-K.


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C.) (PCAOB ID Number 613)
Consolidated Balance Sheets – December 31, 20202021 and 20192020
Consolidated Statements of Income – Years Ended December 31, 20202021 and 20192020
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Years Ended December 31, 20202021 and 20192020
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’Stockholders' Equity – Years Ended December 31, 20202021 and 20192020
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Years Ended December 31, 20202021 and 20192020
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


(a)(2)Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules
(a)(2)    Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules

All schedules are omitted since they are not required, are not applicable, or the required information is shown in the Consolidated Financial Statements or notes thereto.


8381

(a)(3)Exhibits
(a)(3)    Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of this Form 10-K and this list includes the Exhibit Index.

Exhibit No.Description
2.1
   
3.1
   
3.1.1
   
3.2
   
4.0
   
4.110.4*Form of Subordinated Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K filed July 16, 2021)
Form of Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Plan Agreement with The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company entered into with each of Robert F. Shuford, Sr. and Eugene M. Jordan, II (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Form 10-K filed March 30, 2005)
   
10.5*
   
10.7*
   
10.8*
   
10.9
   
10.10*
   
10.11*
   
10.12*
   
10.14
   
10.15*Amendment No. 1 to Settlement Agreement, dated August 12, 2021, among Old Point Financial Corporation, Financial Edge Fund, L.P., Financial Edge-Strategic Fund, L.P., PL Capital/Focused Fund, L.P., PL Capital, LLC, PL Capital Advisors, LLC, Goodbody/PL Capital, L.P., Goodbody/PL Capital, LLC, Mr. John W. Palmer and Mr. Richard J. Lashley, as Managing Members of PL Capital, LLC, PL Capital Advisors, LLC and Goodbody/PL Capital, LLC and Mr. William F. Keefe (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to Form 10-Q filed August 16, 2021)
Old Point Financial Corporation 2016 Incentive Stock Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to Form 8-K filed May 31, 2016)
   
10.16
 10.22*
Employment Agreement, dated as of February 22, 2018, by and between Old Point Financial Corporation and The Old Point National Bank of Phoebus and Robert F. Shuford, Jr. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to Form 8-K filed February 28, 2018)
   
10.24*
   
10.25*
   
10.26*
   
10.27*
 
10.28*
   
10.29*
   
10.30*
   
10.31*
   
10.32*
   
21
Form of Subordinated Note Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K
filed July 16, 2021)
Subsidiaries of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21 to Form 10-K filed March 30, 2005)
   
23
   
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
   
31.2
   
32.1
101 
101
The following materials from Old Point Financial Corporation’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020,2021, formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language), filed herewith: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
   
104* Denotes management contractCover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)


*
Denotes Management contract

Item 16.
Form 10-K Summary


Not applicable.

SIGNATURES


Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


 OLD POINT FINANCIAL CORPORATION
   
  /s/Robert F. Shuford, Jr.
  Robert F. Shuford, Jr.,
  Chairman, President & Chief Executive Officer
   
  Date: March 30, 202131, 2022


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.


/s/Robert F. Shuford, Jr. Chairman, President & Chief Executive Officer and Director
Robert F. Shuford, Jr. Principal Executive Officer
   
Date: March 30, 202131, 2022  
   
/s/Elizabeth T. Beale Chief Financial Officer & Senior Vice President/Finance
Elizabeth T. Beale Principal Financial & Accounting Officer
   
Date: March 30, 202131, 2022  
   
/s/Stephen C. Adams Director
Stephen C. Adams  
   
Date: March 30, 2021
/s/James Reade ChismanDirector
James Reade Chisman
Date: March 30, 202131, 2022  
   
/s/Russell S. Evans, Jr. Director
Russell S. Evans, Jr.  
   
Date: March 30, 202131, 2022  
   
/s/Michael A. Glasser Director
Michael A. Glasser  
Date: March 31, 2022
/s/Sarah B GoldenDirector
Sarah B. Golden
   
Date: March 30, 202131, 2022
  
   
/s/Dr. Arthur D. Greene Director
Dr. Arthur D. Greene  
   
Date: March 30, 202131, 2022  
   
/s/John Cabot Ishon Director
John Cabot Ishon  
   
Date: March 30, 202131, 2022  
   
/s/William F. Keefe Director
William F. Keefe  
   
Date: March 30, 202131, 2022  
/s/Tom B. Langley Director
Tom B. Langley  
   
Date: March 30, 202131, 2022  
   
/s/Robert F. Shuford, Sr.  
Robert F. Shuford, Sr.  
  Director
Date: March 30, 202131, 2022  
   
/s/Ellen Clark Thacker  
Ellen Clark Thacker  
  Director
Date: March 30, 202131, 2022  
   
/s/Elizabeth S. Wash  
Elizabeth S. Wash  
  Director
Date: March 30, 202131, 2022  
   
/s/Joseph R. Witt  
Joseph R. Witt  
  Director
Date: March 30, 202131, 2022  



85