UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
____________________
FORM 10-K
____________________
(Mark One)
☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20212022
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
    
For the transition period from                             to                             
Commission File No.: 001-16753
amn-20211231_g1.jpgamn-20221231_g1.jpg
AMN HEALTHCARE SERVICES, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware 06-1500476
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)		 (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
8840 Cypress Waters BoulevardSuite 300
DallasTexas75019
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (866) 871-8519
____________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each ClassTrading SymbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par valueAMNNew York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes  x  No  ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.  Yes  ¨  No  x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes  x  No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large Accelerated Filer☒Accelerated filer☐ Non-accelerated filer☐
Smaller reporting company☐Emerging growth company☐☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  Yes  ☒  No  ☐
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. o
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  ☐  No  x
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of June 30, 2021,2022, was $4,564,150,873$4,731,008,379 based on a closing sale price of $96.98$109.71 per share.
As of February 22, 2022,20, 2023, there were 46,641,30041,066,415 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding.
Documents Incorporated By Reference: Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the annual meeting of stockholders scheduled to be held on April 22, 2022May 17, 2023 have been incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

Auditor Name: KPMG LLP        Auditor Location: San Diego, California        Auditor Firm ID: 185


                        
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
ItemItem PageItem Page
PART IPART I
1.1.
1
1.
1
1A.1A.
8
1A.
9
1B.1B.
18
1B.
19
2.2.
19
2.
19
3.3.
19
3.
19
4.4.
19
4.
19
PART IIPART II
5.5.
20
5.
20
6.6.
22
6.
23
7.7.
23
7.
24
7A.7A.
33
7A.
34
8.8.
34
8.
35
9.9.
66
9.
65
9A.9A.
66
9A.
65
9B.9B.
70
9B.
67
9C.9C.
70
9C.
67
PART IIIPART III
10.10.
70
10.
67
11.11.
70
11.
67
12.12.
70
12.
67
13.13.
71
13.
68
14.14.
71
14.
68
PART IVPART IV
15.15.
72
15.
69
16.16.
77
16.
74
78
75


Table of Contents
References in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to “AMN Healthcare,” “AMN,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to AMN Healthcare Services, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. This Annual Report contains references to our trademarks and service marks. For convenience, trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this Annual Report do not appear with the ®, TM, or SM symbols, but the lack of references is not intended to indicate that we will not assert our right to these trademarks, service marks and trade names.

PART I
 
10-K Introduction

This section provides an overview of AMN Healthcare Services, Inc. It does not contain all of the information you should consider. Please read the entire Annual Report on Form 10-K carefully before voting or making an investment decision.
In Particular, Please See the Following Sections
Forward-Looking StatementsRisk
Factors
Page 89
Page 89
Management’s Discussion & AnalysisFinancial
Statements
Page 2324
Page 3435


Index of frequently requested 10-K information
Five-Year Performance Graph
Results of Operations
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Financial Statement Footnotes

Item 1.    Business
 
Overview of Our Company and Business Strategy
AMN Healthcare empowers the future of care through the nation’s largest network of qualityhighly-qualified healthcare professionals. As the leader and innovator in total talent solutions for the healthcare sector in the United States, we tailor our solutions to our clients’ challenges and goals, and provide staffing, talent optimization strategies, and technology solutions aimed to support caregivers and improve patient outcomes. We are passionate about all aspects of our mission to:
•Deliver the right talent and insights to help healthcare organizations optimize their workforce.
•Provide healthcare professionals opportunities to do their best work toward high-quality patient care.
•Create a values-based culture of innovation in which our team members can achieve their goals.
Our solutions enable our clients to optimize their workforce, simplify staffing complexity, increase efficiency, and elevate the patient experience. Our comprehensive suite of talent solutions provides management, staffing, recruitment, language services, technology, telehealth and virtual care management, analytics, and related services to build and manage all or part of our clients’ healthcare workforce needs. We offer temporary project, and permanent career opportunities to our healthcare professionals, from nurses, doctors, and allied health professionals to healthcare leaders and executives in a variety of settings across the nation to help them achieve their personal and professional goals.nation.
Our strategy is designed to support growth in the number and size of customer relationships and expansion of the markets we serve. Driving increased adoption of our existing talent solutions through cross-selling will deepen and broaden our customer relationships. We will continue to innovate, develop and invest in new, complementary service and technology solutions that optimize and manage our clients’ workforce, enhance the patient experience, better engage our talent network and expand into different healthcare delivery settings. We expect this will enable us to expand our strategic customer relationships, while driving more recurring revenue, with an improved margin mix that will be less sensitive to economic cycles.
1
Table of Contents
Over the past decade, our business has evolved beyond traditional healthcare staffing and recruitment services; we have become a strategic total talent solutions partner with our clients. We expanded our portfolio to serve a diverse and growing set of healthcare talent-related needs. In addition to our healthcare professionaltraditional staffing and recruitment services, our suite of healthcare workforce solutions includes managed services programs (“MSP”), vendor management systems (“VMS”), medical language interpretation services, predictive labor analytics, workforce optimization technology and consulting, clinical labor scheduling, recruitment process outsourcing (“RPO”), revenue cycle solutions, credentialing software services, and virtual care management services. We enable clients to build, manage and optimize their healthcare talent to deliver great patient outcomes and experience.experiences. Our talent network includes thousands of highly skilled, experienced professionals who trust us to place them in environments that expand and leverage their qualifications and expertise.
When developing and acquiring talent solutions, both services and technology, we consider many important criteria: (1) identifying and addressing the most pressing current and future needs of our clients and talent network; (2) alignment with our core operations, expertise, and access to healthcare professionals; (3) ways to deepen and broaden our client and healthcare professional relationships; (4) talent and technology solutions that expand the markets we serve; and (5) businesses that reduce our sensitivity to economic cycles and enhance our profitability; and (6) offerings that differentiate us from competitors.profitability.
Continuous improvement of our operations and business technology is a core component of our growth strategy and profitability goals. We have accelerated the integration of technology-based solutions in our core recruitment processes through investment in digital capabilities, mobile applications and data analytics. These innovationstechnology investments provide a more seamless and efficient workflow for our team members, our healthcare professionals and our clients. For example, we implemented a new platform for our websites that significantly enhanced navigation and ease for our healthcare professionals to submit applications to work for us which is important in this high demand/tight supply environment. We also launched the AMN Passport mobile application and throughout 20212022, we continued to add functionality.functionality to AMN Passport, our top clinician-rated mobile application. AMN Passport, which has more than 170,000 registered users and approximately 40,000 average monthly active users as of January 2023, provides a centralized experience for nurses and allied professionals to find, book and manage assignments, access time and pay details, and receive instantaneous alerts and updates, while also creating operational efficiencies through the ability to customize job preferences, store and manage credentials, electronically sign important documents and contact our dedicated recruiters. OurWe believe our investments in technology systems will help us realize greater scale, agility, and cost efficiencies.

Human Capital Management
Providing total talent solutions to our clients is our primary source of revenue generation, so developmentDevelopment of a broad base of healthcare professionals and corporate team members who feel valued, respected and supported is essential to drivedriving shareholder value and achieveachieving our long-term growth objectives. To support these objectives, our human capital management strategy generally focuses on talent recruitment,acquisition, engagement, and retention, diversity, equity, equality and inclusion, and employee health and safety. The central components of our human capital management strategy and infrastructure are described in more detail in this section below.well-being.

The strength of our human capital management infrastructure and strategy was also instrumental to our COVID-19 response in 2020 and 2021. When the COVID-19 pandemic hit, the Company and its teams worked quickly to assess the impact ofthroughout the pandemic onand continues to be foundational as we invest resources to address talent shortages, including the severe healthcare labor shortages faced by our team members, healthcare professionals, communities, clientsclients. Our commitment to supporting our colleagues’ mental, physical, and their patients and took immediate action to mitigate the risks to all stakeholders. Throughout the pandemic, caring for theeconomic well-being of our team members and healthcare professionals has been a primary focus.continued throughout 2022. We are working hard every day to ensure that all of our team members and healthcare professionals have the resources available to help them navigate the continued challenges and stresses associated withthey face in this environment. To reward our employees for their extraordinary efforts and dedication to advancing AMN Healthcare and supporting our clients and healthcare professionals during 2022, we paid one-time cash bonuses to our regular full-time and part-time employees. Also, for a portion of the pandemic.year, we waived healthcare insurance co-premiums for our eligible corporate team members and increased our 401(k) and deferred compensation matching contribution.

The care, support and safety of our frontline healthcare professionals was and remains at the forefront for us. We have provided our healthcare professionals with additional support from our corporate clinical staff,through access to employee assistance programs, on demand mental health resources through non-profitnonprofit partners and third-party vendors, sick pay while quarantined, and other numerous other outreach efforts, wellness products and services to care for them while they are caring for our communities. In 2021,Additionally, in 2022, our roughly 60corporate clinician team members placed over 10,00014,000 care calls to our healthcare professionals. Asprofessionals to assure they had the country dealt with the Omicron variant, we exceeded 5,000 care callsnecessary support during January 2022.this stressful time.

ToWe also continued our AMN Healthcare Hardship Fund which began in 2021, providing financial support for team members experiencing extreme financial hardship and launched our AMN Caring for Caregivers Fund to provide thissimilar support to our healthcare professionals, we quickly and effectively moved ourprofessionals. Through these funds, corporate team members and healthcare professionals can receive financial support for qualifying events such as life-threatening or serious illnesses, natural disasters, funeral costs, or other events causing financial strain. This support is in addition to a fully remote work environment in March 2020,the insurance and the vast majority of our corporate team members continue to work remotely. Our team members have continuedother benefits and employee assistance programs available to support our clientsteam members and healthcare professionals with the highest level of service from their home offices without a disruption in our business operations. We provided our team members with stipends and other resources in 2020 and 2021 to establish their new working environments.professionals.

As of December 31, 2021,2022, we had approximately 3,8004,230 corporate team members, which includes both full-time and part-time.part-time employees. During the fourth quarter of 2021,2022, we had an average of (1) 14,82715,183 nurses, allied and other healthcare professionals, (2) 459451 executive and clinical leadership interim staff, and (3) 1,4691,983 medically qualified interpreters working for us. This does not include independent contractors, such as our locum tenens and contract interpreters, who were not our employees in 2021.2022.

Health and Safety
2
Table of Contents
AwareAMN is committed to providing comprehensive benefit options, including health insurance, a prescription drug benefit, life and disability insurance, and paid time off. We also provide a variety of other voluntary programs to support the toll that the pandemic has taken onhealth and well-being of our team members we expanded ourand their families, such as health and flexible spending accounts, family leave, adoption assistance, education assistance, retirement plans, employee assistance programs, and financial wellness programs.

To assure the health and safety of our corporate team members, we worked primarily in a remote work environment for over two years in response to the pandemic. In June 2022, as the pandemic subsided and workplace safety improved with the availability of vaccines, we carefully returned to the office in phases. In preparation, AMN implemented a COVID-19 prevention and response program designed to provide additional mentaleducate our team members on reporting protocols for positive cases and exposures, and outline the investigation and response protocol for identified cases in the workplace. We are committed to ensuring our offices are a safe place for our team members through continuing education and awareness, including supplemental health resources. Theand safety training for team members that visit our offices and performing periodic assessments to identify and correct recognizable workplace hazards. We now have embraced a hybrid work environment with team members working a combination of in the office and virtually. Throughout these transitions, our team members have continued to support our clients and healthcare professionals with the highest level of service, regardless of their location and without disruption to our business operations.

As our corporate team members returned to an office environment, the health and safety of our team members has and remains paramount as we formulate our plans to return to an office environment. When we do return to our offices, the future of work will look different than it did prior to the pandemic and most of our team members will work in a virtual environment most of the time.remained paramount. We believe it is important to bring our teams together to instill and reinforce our values-based culture, provide an opportunity to build meaningful connections with each other and our communities and provide professional development and training opportunities. Our team members are dispersed across the country, and we have offices in Dallas, TX,TX; San Diego, CA,CA; Omaha, NE,NE; Boca Raton and Clearwater, FL,FL; Savannah, GAGA; and Hickory, NC.

Learning and Professional Development
Although operating in a virtual environment,AMN’s purpose is to help our team members and healthcare professionals achieve their personal and professional goals. To fulfill this purpose, we have continuedcontinue to make significant investments in our multi-faceted professional development programs that allow team membersprograms.

We serve the clinical education needs of our healthcare professionals through a multi-pronged approach: pre-hire skills checklists to grow their careers at AMN. Throughout 2021,self-assess current clinical expertise, skills, and knowledge; pre-assignment knowledge assessments to test knowledge in a specialty practice area; pre-assignment required training; access to free continuing education courses while on assignment; and opportunities to transition into practice in specialty settings. Additionally, through our Chief Nurse Officer Academy, we provided leadership skills training to more than 1,100100 aspiring nurse executives in 2022.

Throughout 2022, approximately 1,400 team members were promoted or transferred internally into new positions, representing greater than 30%one third of the opportunities available.our corporate team members. Our professional development education assistance program provides reimbursement to our corporate team members to advance their knowledge and skills through certificate and degree programs. We offer leadership development curriculums led by our team of learning and talent development professionals for new leaders, called LEAD at AMN, as well as a leadership curriculum for our individual contributors who are seeking leadership positions, which we call our emerging leaders program. In 2022, we also partnered with a university to offer a virtual certificate program for high-potential leaders and expanded access to executive coaching programs. Additionally, we provide a mentorship program to provide a larger group of our team members the opportunity to connect with others across the company to support their development, strengthen their skills, and deepen relationships. Nearly 10% of our team members participated in the mentoring program during 2022 as either a mentor or mentee. These programs are supplemented with professional development resources from third-party vendors and our corporate memberships in large industry associations, to which every team member has access. Additionally, our

Our training and development programs include curriculum that promotes and nurtures our values-based culture and commitment to ethics, compliance and diversity, and equity and inclusion (as detailed more specifically below). To that end, substantiallySubstantially all of our people leaders completed our inclusive leaders curriculum and, in 2021,2022, we had a 95%96% completion rate for our ethics and compliance training program, which includes, but is not limited to, training on our Code of Conduct, harassment prevention and cybersecurity. We also offer tuition assistance to team members pursuing education to further their development in their present position or for future possible positions.

Diversity, Equality, Equity and Inclusion
At AMN our diversity, equality, equity and inclusion (“DEI”) philosophy is grounded in the belief that we should respect all voices, seek diverse perspectives, and succeed when we act together as a positive force for all of humanity. We have the opportunity to make an impact oninfluence each other, our industry, and otherour communities by fostering a diverse team with a passion for social justice and equity.team. We are committed to actively engaging in building an organization and society where equality is the norm, equity is achieved, and inclusion is universal so that we may all thrive. This extends to our compensation philosophy which reflects our commitment to equal pay principles and our leadership development strategy, which values diversity in identifying high potential talent within the Company.

We believe that ourOur diverse workforce and inclusive environment drives the innovation and better outcomes that have made us the leader in total talent solutions.

We are committed to driving DEI at AMN and throughout our value chain and industry. We believe strongly that cultivating a diverse, equitable and inclusive workforce enables us to recruit and retain the best talent, and to develop that talent so that we can best address the evolving needs of our stakeholders.

3
Table of Contents
To achieve a diverse workforce that reflects the communities that we serve, we are committed to sourcing candidates from historically underrepresented groups and have focused recruitment efforts to hire team members from a variety of backgrounds. In 2022, we launched a corporate fellowship program with Hiring Our Heroes, a veterans organization, and expanded our partnerships with Historically Black Colleges and Universities Career Development Marketplace and early talent platform Handshake. We track our hiring, promotion, retention and engagement rates to inform our overall progress in attainment of our workforce goals. Our commitment to equity extends to our compensation philosophy and our leadership development strategy, including identifying high-potential diverse talent within the Company.

While the diverse backgrounds and experiences we seek are broad, here is a snapshot of some of the diversity of our corporate team members as of January 2022: 67%2023: 69% of our team members are women; 60%63% of our supervisor through senior manager roles are held by women; 56% of our board of directors are women; 36%45% of our team members are people of color; 25% of our leadership roles are held by people of color; our team is 57%58% Millennials, 33%31% Generation X, 7%6% Baby Boomers, and 3%5% Generation Z; and team members self-identified as veterans, disabled, and LGBTQ+, each representing approximately 2% to 3% of our team. We have increased the percentage representation of our team members and leaders from historically underrepresented groups by 11% and 12%, respectively, since 2019.

Each of the last fivesix years, AMN has been named to the Bloomberg Gender-Equality Index. AMN alsohas received a top ranking – 95 out of 100 – in the Human Rights Campaign Foundation’s Corporate Equality Index in each of the last four years. AMN also received the 2022 National Association of Corporate Directors Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Award for public companies in the mid-cap category, which recognizes top companies and their boards in leveraging the power of diversity, equality, equity and inclusion to enhance their organization and create long-term, measurable benefit for all stakeholders. We believe that human capital management infrastructure, including our diversity, equality and inclusion program andDEI commitment, to equal pay principles, is fundamental to our continued recognition as one of America’s Most Responsible Companies by Newsweekin each of the last threefour years.

Team Member Communication and Engagement
Team member engagement and wellness is of critical importance to our success. In 2021,2022, we prioritizedcontinued to prioritize engaging with our team members through live virtual question and answers sessions on a monthly basis, through AMN Live and “Ask Susan” as well as other town halls throughout the yearand an enterprise-wide company meeting with our chief executive officer and other senior executives. We modified our time off policy to provide more flexibility for team members to take the holidays that they wish to celebrate through floating holidays.

In addition, in 2021,2022, we continued focusing our attention and effortsfocus on increasing engagementopportunities for team members to build connections with colleagues through our growing number of employee resource groups.groups (“ERG”). Best practice research indicates that team member engagement and retention is positively impacted if team members are connected to like-minded peers who share their viewpoints and leaders.backgrounds and leaders who are invested in their success. We believe we have invested intoin and dedicated appropriate resources to build an inclusive infrastructure of employeeto support our ERGs. These resource groups that closely alignscontinue to grow and foster engagement through their close alignment with the diverse interests and backgrounds of our team members. As of December 31, 2021,During 2022, we increased the number of employee resource groupsERGs from eight to eightten, and approximately 25%39% of our corporate team members are now members of at least one resource group.ERG. Each of our employee resource groupsERGs is sponsored by one or more members of our executive team.

3
To assess the engagement of our team members and take action to mitigate risks associated with workforcea lack of engagement development and retention,turnover, in 2022 we historically conducted an annualengagement survey to assess the engagement of our team members. Whilemembers early in the formatyear followed by a shorter pulse survey later in the year. The engagement and pulse surveys had participation rates of our annual survey varies from year to year to best capture different measures of employeeroughly 80% and engagement scores exceeded the benchmark scores. The engagement results of each assessment arewere discussed with our board of directors and are incorporated intoinformed our annual human capital management strategic planning process. After a pandemic-induced pause, we are relaunching this surveyinitiatives for 2023. Team member engagement helps to strengthen our retention rate, which was 87% in February 2022. We continue to monitor employee turnover as part of2022, our human capital strategy.highest in the past five years.

Our Services
In 2021,2022, we conducted our business through three reportable segments: (1) nurse and allied solutions, (2) physician and leadership solutions, and (3) technology and workforce solutions. We describe each segment’s revenue and operating results under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations.” Our go-to-market strategy blends solutions from all three reportable segments, combining staffing, talent planning and acquisition, and technology-enabled solutions.

Workforce Staffing
(1) Nurse Staffing. We offer a range of specialty recruitment and temporary assignment lengths for nursing. A rigorous quality process ensures that each nursing candidate possesses the necessary training, licensure, and clinical competencies needed for a client facility.
•Travel Nurses – Covering all Nurse staffing solutions that we offer include (a) travel nurse specialties and settings, our nursesstaffing which are typically travel for a 13-week assignment but can support a wide range of 8 to 26 weeks. Other travelassignment lengths, (b) international nurse staffing solutions that we offer include (a) international nursing for which we recruit registered nurses from outside of the United States typically on long-term contracts ranging from
4
Table of Contents
24 to 36 months (b)(or for direct placement with our clients), (c) crisis nursingnurse staffing (commonly referred to as critical staffing and rapid response nursing) for which we quickly coordinate and deploy registered nurses to provide temporary assistance during critical periods such as unexpected specialty gaps and urgent needs, including pandemic surges, natural disasters and other emergency situations, and (c)(d) labor disruption staffing for which we provide crucial support for clients involved in strikes of nurses and allied professional staff.
•Local, or Per Diem, Staffing– Oftenstaff, and (e) local staffing of all nursing specialties, often in support of our MSP clients, we provide our clients local staffing of all nursing specialties, covering short-term assignments with same-day shifts that potentially last for several weeks. Local staffing includes digital staffing technology to quickly fill our client’s needs with healthcare professionals that are local to the community.

(2) Allied Staffing. We provide allied health professionals to acute-care hospitals and other healthcare facilities such as skilled nursing facilities, rehabilitation clinics, schools, and pharmacies. Allied health professionals include such disciplines as physical therapists, respiratory therapists, occupational therapists, medical and radiology technologists, lab technicians, speech pathologists, rehabilitation assistants and pharmacists. Our solutions for schools feature an advanced teletherapy platform, Televate, and the nations’ topqualified school speech-language pathologists, psychologists, nurses, social workers, and other care providers who provide customized care and interactive learning plans to engage students.

(3) Revenue Cycle Solutions. As the leading national provider of mid-revenue cycle solutions, we understand the need for hospitals, health systems, acute care facilities and large physician practices to generate and preserve revenue. We provideAMN Revenue Cycle Solutions provides skilled labor solutions for remote medical coding, clinical documentation improvement, case management, and clinical data registry, and also provide auditing and advisory services.

(4) Physician and Advanced Practice Staffing. We provide locum tenens physician staffing services offeringthrough which we offer clients thousands of physicians of all specialties and advanced practice and other clinicians. Typically on an independent contractor basis, locum tenens professionals are placed on temporary assignments with all types of healthcare organizations throughout the United States, including hospitals, health systems, medical groups, occupational medical clinics, psychiatric facilities, government institutions and insurance companies. We also offer full-service, permanent physician search across many specialties and modalities, specializing in recruiting and placing top physicians and advanced practitioner talent in jobs across the country.

(5) Interim Leadership Staffing. We provide executive and clinical leadership interim staffing. Practice areas include senior healthcare executives, physician executives, chief nursing officers and other clinical and operational leaders. Interim leaders provide strategic guidance and assist in setting short and long-term goals to offer immediate support, maintain momentum, and contribute leading practices and perspectives. Our interim leaders enjoy the flexibility of a consulting role with the stability of full-time employment.

(6) Executive Search and Academic Leadership. We provide executive leadership search services across the healthcare industry with areas of focus including academic medical centers and children’s hospitals nationwide. This business
4
line provides us greater access to the “C-suite” of our clients and prospective clients, which we believe helps improve our visibility as a strategic partner to them and helps provide us with cross-selling opportunities.

Talent Planning & Acquisition
(7) Managed Services Programs. Many of our clients and prospective clients use a number of healthcare staffing agencies to fulfill their healthcare professional needs. We offer a comprehensive managed services program, in which we manage all or a portion of a client’s contingent staffing needs. This service includes both the placement ofThrough our MSPs, we place our own healthcare professionals and the utilization ofutilize other staffing agencies to fulfill the client’s contingent staffing needs. We believe an MSP optimizes our clients’ staffing models, increasing efficiencies and often providing cost savings while enhancing the patient experience. We often use our own VMS technology as part of our MSP,MSPs, which we believe further enhances the value of our service offering. In 2021,2022, we had approximately $3.4$5.3 billion in gross billingsspend under management underthrough our MSPs and approximately 56%64% of our consolidated revenue flowed through MSP relationships, which has steadily increased over the past decade. Together with the vendor-neutral spend through our VMS programs (as discussed below), we had approximately $12.1 billion of spend under management during 2022.

(8) Recruitment Solutions. We partner with clients to streamline their permanent workforce planning and recruitment process through one efficient, agile solution. Our recruitment solutions, which many refer to as RPO, are customized to the client’s particular needs, in which we recruit, hire and/or onboard permanent clinical and nonclinical positions on their behalf. We provide technology and data intelligence that enable sustainable, long-term improvement and offer flexible solution options, agile, scalable processes in our pay-for-performance model.

Technology
5
Table of Contents
(9) Language Interpretation. Through our acquisition of Stratus Video, our AMN Language Services division provides healthcare interpretation services via proprietary platforms that enable video remote interpretation, over the phone interpretation, onsite interpretation, and telehealth interoperability, with more than 200250 health systems, more than 2,000 hospitals, and thousands of clinics using our solutions. These services are all supported by proprietary technology platforms, which enable real-time routing of video and audio calls, drive client efficiency with an in-person scheduling mobile application, and power interoperability with multiple telehealth platforms.platforms and EMRs.

(10) Vendor Management Systems. Some clients and prospective clients prefer a vendor-neutral VMS technology that allows them to self-manage the procurement of contingent clinical labor and their internal float pool. If clients use other staffing companies (associate vendors), our software as a service (“SaaS”)-based VMS technologies help them track and efficiently organize their staffing process. Our current VMS products are ShiftWise, Medefis and b4health. Our VMS technologies provide, among other things, control over a wide variety of tasks via a single system and consolidated reporting. In 2021,2022, we had approximately $4.0$6.7 billion in gross billingsspend flow through our VMS programs, for which we typically earn a 4-5% fee.fee as a percentage of spend.

(11) Scheduling and Staff Planning. We offer Smart Square, healthcare scheduling software that combines demand forecasting (predictive analytics) with robust scheduling functionality, enterprise transparency, patented open shift management, and business intelligence tools all-in-one application. The SaaS platform provides fast implementations and is utilized in acute care, clinics, ancillary, long-term care and senior care settings. We also provide consulting services to our clients to evaluate their staffing spend and offer recommendations for savings by optimizing workforce and scheduling capabilities.

(12) Credentialing. We provide an all-in-one credentialing solution, Silversheet, to help our clients maintain a healthy and compliant facility. This software solution is designed to help facilities credential smarter and faster through automating tedious tasks, preventing errors, and centralized credentialing.

(13) Post AcutePost-Acute and Home Health Virtual Care. Through our acquisition of Synzi, weWe provide the only comprehensivean end-to-end solution that enables regional and community hospitals, multi-practice physician groups, retail and urgent care clinics, and behavioral health practices to deliver virtual care via a single platform. The easy-to-use HIPAA-compliant platform expands our capabilities with a “platform-plus-providers” experience that helps healthcare organizations provide 24/7 patient care (including after hours and weekend support) and remote patient monitoring virtually. The white-labeling feature enables an organization’s brand to be showcased on the virtual care platform, boosting patient awareness and engagement.

We typically experience modest seasonal fluctuations during our fiscal year, and they tend to vary among our businessbusinesses and reportable segments. These fluctuations can vary slightly in intensity from year to year.
5

Our Healthcare Professionals
The recruitment of a sufficient number of qualified healthcare professionals to work on temporary assignments and for placement at healthcare organizations is critical to the success of our business. Healthcare professionals choose temporary assignments for a variety of reasons that include seeking flexible work opportunities, exploring diverse practice settings, building skills and experience by working at prestigious healthcare facilities, working through life and career transitions, and as a means of access into a permanent staff position.

We recruit our healthcare professionals, depending on the particular service line, under the following brands: AMN Healthcare, American Mobile, Nursefinders, NurseChoice, HealthSource Global Staffing, Onward Healthcare, O’Grady Peyton International, Connetics, Med Travelers, Club Staffing, Staff Care, B.E. Smith, and Merritt Hawkins, AMN Revenue Cycle Solutions and AMN Language Services.Hawkins. Our multi-brand recruiting strategy is supported by innovative and effective digital-first marketing programs that focus on lead management, including our digital presence on websites, social media, and mobile applications. Word-of-mouth referrals from the thousands of current and former healthcare professionals we have placed enhance our effectiveness at reaching healthcare professionals.

Our process to attract and retain healthcare professionals for temporary assignments and permanent placement depends on (1) offering a large selection of assignments and placements in a variety of geographies and settings with opportunities for career development, (2) creating competitive compensation packages, (3) developing passionate, knowledgeable recruiters and service professionals who understand the needs of our healthcare professionals and provide a personalized approach, and (4) maintaining a reputation for service excellence. The attractive compensation, benefits and reimbursement package that we
6
Table of Contents
provide our temporary healthcare professionals includes a competitive wage, professional development opportunities, professional liability insurance, 401(k) plan, health insurance and health insurance.reimbursements for housing, meals and travel expenses.

Our Geographic Markets and Client Base
During each of the past three years, (1) we generated substantially all of our revenue in the United States and (2) substantially all of our long-lived assets were located in the United States. We typically generate revenue in all 50 states. During 2021,2022, the largest percentages of our revenue were concentrated in California, New YorkTexas and Texas.Florida.

More than half of our temporary and contract healthcare professional assignments occur at acute-care hospitals. In addition to acute-care hospitals, we provide services to sub-acute healthcare facilities, physician groups, rehabilitation centers, schools, home health service providers and ambulatory surgery centers. Our clients include many of the largest and most prestigious and progressive health care systems in the country. Kaiser Foundation Hospitals (and its affiliates), to whom we provide clinical managed services, comprised approximately 17%18% of our consolidated revenue and 20%22% of our nurse and allied solutions segment revenue for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.2022. No other client healthcare system or single client facility comprised more than 5%6% of our consolidated revenue for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.2022.

Our Industry
The primary healthcare service markets in which we compete are U.S. temporary and contract healthcare staffing, workforce solutions and executive search. Staffing Industry Analysts (“SIA”) estimates the size of the healthcare staffing market in 2021 at $24.7 billion, including travel nurse ($11.8 billion), per diem nurse ($4.6 billion),managed service programs, locum tenens, ($4.0 billion) and allied healthcare ($4.4 billion).language services. We also operate within the interim leadership, executive search, physician permanent placement, RPO, VMS, revenue cycle solutions, telehealth technology, and workforce optimization and consulting services markets. We estimate the size of these additional markets to be at least $6.0 billion in 2021.
Industry Demand Drivers
Many factors affect the demand for contingent and permanent healthcare talent, which, accordingly, affects the size of the markets in which we primarily operate. Of these many factors, we believe the following serve as some of the most significant drivers of demand.
•Economic Environment and Employment Rate. Demand for our services is affected by growth of the U.S. economy which influencesand the employment rate. Growth in real U.S. gross domestic product generally drives rising employment rates. Favorable macro drivers typically result in increased demand for our services. Generally, we believe a positive economic environment and growing employmentlow unemployment lead to increasing demand for healthcare services. As employment levels rise, healthcare facilities, like employers in many industries, experience higher levels of employee attrition and find it increasingly difficult to obtain and retain permanent staff.
6
•Supply of Healthcare Professionals. While reports differ on the existence and extent of current and future healthcare professional shortages, many regions of the United States are experiencing a shortage of physicians and nurses that we believe will persist in the future. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, the physician shortage is expectedprojected to be approximately 139,000between 38,000 and 124,000 physicians by 2033.2034. In nursing, regionalMcKinsey & Company estimates a nationwide shortage of between 200,000 and specialty-based shortages are also expected450,000 nurses available for direct patient care by 2032, and we2025. We believe havethe nursing shortage has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic through nurse burnout, attrition, retirements, and to a lesser extent, the impact of mandatory vaccination requirements.retirements. Demand for our services is positively correlated with activity in the permanent labor market. When nurse vacancy rates increase, temporary nurse staffing orders typically increase as well.
•General Demand for Healthcare Services. Changes in demand for healthcare services, particularly at acute healthcare hospitals and other inpatient facilities, like skilled nursing facilities, affect the demand for our services. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, with the passage of the Affordable Care Act, the uninsured population declined by more than 18 million people between 2010 and 2018. Growth of the insured population contributed to a relatively sharp increase in national healthcare expenditures beginning in 2014. Additionally, the U.S. population continues to age, and medical technology advances are contributing to longer life expectancy. A pronounced shift in U.S. age demographics is expected to boost growth of health expenditures, projected by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services at a 5.6%5.1% annual rate on average from 2021-2028.2021-2030. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the number of adults age 65 or older is on pace to grow an estimated 30% between 2020 and 2030. People over 65 are three times more likely to have a hospital stay and twice as likely to visit a physician office compared with the rest of the population. These dynamics could place upward pressure on demand for the services we provide in the coming years. Not only does the age-demographic shift affect healthcare services demand, it also complicates the supply of skilled labor, as an increasing number of clinicians are aging out of the workforce. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increase in hospitalizations, vaccinations and testing across the country. This additional demand for healthcare services has resulted in an increased demand for our services, especially in our nurse and allied solutions segment. When the pandemic subsides, weWe expect demand for these
7
Table of Contents
services to remain at higher than pre-pandemic levels due to the tight labor market.market and the amount of care that was deferred during the pandemic.
•Adoption of Workforce Solutions. We believe healthcare organizations increasingly seek sophisticated, innovative and economically beneficial total talent solutions that improve patient experience and outcomes. We believe the prevalence of workforce solutions, such as MSP, VMS, RPO and workforce optimization tools, in the healthcare industry is still underpenetrated in comparison with non-healthcare sectors. During 2021,2022, approximately 56%64% of our consolidated revenues were generated through MSP relationships, which we estimate is higher than our competitors.
Industry Competition

The healthcare staffing and workforce solutions industry is highly competitive. We compete in national, regional and local markets for healthcare organization clients and healthcare professionals. We believe that our comprehensive suite of total talent solutions, our commitment to quality and service excellence, our execution capabilities, and our national footprint create a compelling value proposition for our existing and prospective clients that give us distinct, scalable advantages over smaller, local and regional competitors and companies whose solution offerings, sales and execution capabilities are not as robust. The breadth of our talent solutions allows us to provide even greater value through a more strategic and consultative approach to our clients. In addition, we believe that our size, scale and sophisticated candidate acquisition processes give us access to a larger pool of available, high qualityhighly-qualified candidates than most of our competitors, while substantial word-of-mouth referral networks and recognizable brand names enable us to attract, engage, and grow a diverse, high-quality network of healthcare professionals.

Larger firms, such as us, also generally have a deeper, more comprehensive infrastructure with a more established operating model and processes that provide the long-term stability and foundation for quality standards recognition, such as the Joint Commission staffing agency certification and National Committee for Quality Assurance Credentials Verification Organization certification. In its ratings for both MSPs and total workforce solutions, HRO Today namedrecognized AMN Healthcare toas the number one position among all MSP providerstop-ranking healthcare workforce provider based on size of deals, andoverall capabilities; we also were honored in the Baker’s Dozen for quality of services, breadth of services and overall MSP capabilities. Once again, in 2021, Staffing Industry Analysts recognized AMN’s U.S. industry leadership naming us as the largest temporary healthcare staffing firm.size of deals.

We are the largesta leading provider of nurse, allied and allied healthcarelocum tenens staffing in the United States. In the nurse and allied healthcare staffing, business, we compete with a fewseveral national competitors together with numerous smaller, regional and local companies. We believe we are the third largest provider of locum tenens staffing services in the United States. The locum tenens staffing market consists of many small- to mid-sized companies with only a relatively small number of national competitors of which we are one. The healthcare interim leadership staffing, healthcare executive search services, and physician permanent placement services markets, where we believe we hold leading positions, are also highly fragmented and consist of many small- to mid-sized companies that do not have a national footprint. We also believe we have a market-leading share in managed services solutions, including VMS and MSP, and healthcare language interpretation services, which is the fastest growing market segment, after our acquisition of Stratus Video.services. Our leading competitors vary by segment and include CHG Healthcare
7
Services, Aya Healthcare, CHG Healthcare Services, Cross Country Healthcare, HealthTrust Workforce Solutions, Ingenovis Health, Jackson Healthcare, Medical Solutions,Loyal Source, Maxim Healthcare Services, RightSourcing, Cross Country Healthcare, Favorite Healthcare Staffing, HealthTrust WorkforceMedical Solutions, Teleperformance, and WittKieffer. When recruiting for healthcare professionals, in addition to other executive search and staffing firms, we also compete with hospital systems that have developed their own recruitment departments.

Licensure For Our Business
Some states require state licensure for businesses that employ, assign and/or place healthcare professionals. We believe we are currently licensed in all states that require such licenses and take measures to ensure compliance with all state licensure requirements. In addition, the healthcare professionals who we employ or independently contract with are required to be individually licensed or certified under applicable state laws. We believe we take appropriate and reasonable steps to validate that our healthcare professionals possess all necessary licenses and certifications. We design our internal processes to ensure that the healthcare professionals that we directly place with clients have the appropriate experience, credentials and skills. Our nurse, allied healthcare and locum tenens staffing divisions have received Joint Commission certification. We have also obtained our Credentials Verification Organization certification from the National Committee for Quality Assurance.

Government Regulation
We are subject to the laws of the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions in which we operate and the rules and regulations of various governing bodies, which may differ among jurisdictions. Compliance with these laws, rules and regulation has not had, and is not expected to have, a material effect on our capital expenditures, results of operations, or competitive position.

8
Table of Contents
Additional Information
We maintain a corporate website at www.amnhealthcare.com. We make available our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports, as well as proxy statements and other information free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after being filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Such reports, proxy statements and other information are also available on the SEC’s website, http://www.sec.gov. The information found on our website and the SEC’s website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any other report we file with or furnish to the SEC.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains, and certain oral statements made by management from time to time, may contain, “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are subject to safe harbors under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act. We base these forward-looking statements on our current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about future events and the industry in which we operate. Forward-looking statements are identified by words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “will,” “should,” “would,” “project,” “may,” “could,” variations of such words and other similar expressions. In addition, statements that refer to projections of financial items; anticipated growth; future growth and revenue; future economic conditions and performance; plans, objectives and strategies for future operations; and other characterizations of future events or circumstances, are forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those implied by the forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are described under the caption “Risk Factors” below, elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other filings with the SEC. Stockholders, potential investors, and other readers are urged to consider these factors in evaluating the forward-looking statements and cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. The Company disclaims any obligation to publicly update such forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

You should carefully read the following risk factors in connection with evaluating us and the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Any of the following risks could materially adversely affect our business or our consolidated operating results, financial condition or cash flows, which, in turn, could cause the price of our common stock to decline. The risk factors described below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks we face. Factors we currently do not know, factors that we currently consider immaterial or factors that are not specific to us, such as
8
general economic conditions, may also materially adversely affect our business or our consolidated operating results, financial condition or cash flows. The risk factors described below qualify all forward-looking statements we make, including forward-looking statements within this section entitled “Risk Factors.”

To develop and prioritize the following risk factors, we review risks to our business that are informed by our formal Enterprise Risk Management program, industry trends, the external market and financial environment as well as dialogue with leaders throughout our organization. Our risk factor descriptions are intended to convey our assessment of each applicable risk and such assessments are integrated into our strategic and operational planning.
 
Risk Factors that May Affect the Demand for Our Services 
The widespread outbreak of illness or other public health crisis could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We could be negatively affected by the widespread outbreak of an illness or any other public health crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy and created significant volatility and disruption of financial markets.

Demand for our staffing services and workforce technology solutions has fluctuated significantly over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. DemandInitially, in 2020, demand for some temporary healthcare professionals and services decreased as the demand for non-essential and elective healthcare was initially negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and during 2020, many hospitals and other healthcare entities significantly decreased their utilization of certain temporary healthcare professionals, interpreters, coders and permanent recruitment and placement services, which resulted in decreased demand for many of our service offerings and utilization of our workforce technology platforms. We expect that any decreased demand resulting from decreased healthcare utilization will have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.pandemic. During 2021, demand for nurse and allied healthcare professionals reached record highs and throughout 2021 and 2022 demand for most other types of healthcare professionals we work with returned to and has recently beenremained above pre-pandemic levels. However, withif new variants emerging and varying levelsemerge or an outbreak of voluntary and involuntary stay-at-home and other restrictions,a different illness emerges, demand may again decrease. Additionally, as infection levels rise, individuals may forgo non-essential and elective healthcare even without restrictions which could negatively impact healthcare utilization and demand for our services. WhenAs the pandemic subsides, we expect thathas subsided, demand and bill rates, especially in our nurse and allied solutions businesses, will decreasehave fluctuated from the historic levels seen during the pandemic. We
9
Table of Contents
expect this decrease in demand will have a negative impact on our revenue, financial condition, and results of operations. However, we are unable to predict the duration and extent to which demand for our services could be negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic or could be negatively impacted whenas the pandemic subsides.
In addition, the significant level of individuals who left the workforce, changed jobs and/or entered the “gig workforce” over the last two years may cause an increase in under- and uninsured patients, which generally results in a reduction in overall healthcare utilization and a decrease in demand for our services. We are unable to predict the duration and extent to which our businesses could be negatively impacted by this shift in the labor market.
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted, and any other future outbreak of illness or other public health crises or reemergence or future strain of COVID-19 may also disrupt, our operations due to the unavailability of our corporate team members or healthcare professionals due to illness, risk of illness, quarantines, travel restrictions, vaccine mandates or other factors that limit our existing or potential workforce and pool of candidates. In addition, we have and may in the future experience negative financial effects related to the COVID-19 pandemic due to higher workers’ compensation and health insurance costs, for which we are largely self-insured, and payroll costs associated with quarantine of our healthcare professionals. We may also be subject to claims regarding the health and safety of our healthcare professionals and our corporate team members.
The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the financial condition of many hospitals and healthcare systems. WeOur clients are facing cost pressures and in turn are looking to decrease expenses, including for contingent labor and other services. Demand for our services may be impacted by these cost pressures and we may be subject to claims from these clients relating to the ability to provide services under terms and conditions that they believe are fair and reasonable.

The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of COVID-19. Additionally, outbreaks of illness or public health crises other than COVID-19 could occur and may have similar or even more significant impact on our business.

Economic downturns, inflation and slow recoveries could result in less demand from clients and pricing pressure that could negatively impact our financial condition.
Demand for staffing services is sensitive to changes in economic activity. Many healthcare facilities utilize temporary healthcare professionals to accommodate an increase in hospital admissions. Conversely, when hospital admissions decrease in
9
economic downturns or periods of high inflation, due to reduced consumer spending, the demand for our temporary healthcare professionals typically declines.
As economic activity slows, hospitals and other healthcare entities typically experience decreased attrition and reduce their use of temporary employees before undertaking layoffs of their regular employees, which results in decreased demand for many of our service offerings. In times of economic downturn and inflation, permanent full-time and part-time healthcare facility staff are generally inclined to work more hours and overtime, resulting in fewer available vacancies and less demand for our services. Fewer placement opportunities for our temporary clinicians, physicians and leaders also impairs our ability to recruit and place them both on a temporary and permanent basis. This may have an even greater negative effect on demand for physicians in certain specialties such as surgery, radiology and anesthesiology. In addition, we may experience pricing pressure during periods of decreased patient occupancy and hospital admissions, negatively affecting our revenue and profitability.

During challenging economic times or in the event of a reduction or elimination of government assistance, our clients, in particular those that rely on state government funding, may face reduced demand for their services, reduced revenue, and issues gaining access to sufficient credit, which has resulted in and could in the future result in an impairment or further impairment of their ability to make payments to us, timely or otherwise, for services rendered. If that were to occur, we may further increase our allowance for doubtful accountsexpected credit losses and our days sales outstanding would be negatively affected.

If we are unable to anticipate and quickly respond to changing marketplace conditions, such as alternative modes of healthcare delivery, reimbursement and client needs, we may not remain competitive.
Patient delivery settings continue to evolve, giving rise to alternative modes of healthcare delivery, such as retail medicine, telemedicine and home health. In addition, changes in reimbursement models and government mandates are also impacting the healthcare environments.

Our success depends upon our ability to develop innovative workforce solutions, quickly adapt to changing marketplace conditions, such as reimbursement changes, and evolving client needs, comply with new federal or state regulations and differentiate our services and abilities from those of our competitors. The markets in which we compete are highly competitive, and our competitors may respond more quickly to new or emerging client needs and marketplace conditions. The development
10
Table of Contents
of new service lines and business models requires close attention to emerging trends and proposed federal and state legislation related to the healthcare industry. If we are unable to anticipate changing marketplace conditions, adapt our current business model to adequately meet changing conditions in the healthcare industry and develop and successfully implement innovative services, we may not remain competitive.

Consolidation of healthcare delivery organizations could negatively affect pricing of our services and increase our concentration risk.
 
HealthcareConsolidation of healthcare delivery organizations are consolidating, providingprovides them with greater leverage in negotiating pricing for services. Consolidations may also result in us losing our ability to work with certain clients because the party acquiring or consolidating with our client may have a previously established service provider they elect to maintain. In addition, our clients may increase their use of intermediaries such as vendor management service companies and group purchasing organizations that may enhance their bargaining power or clients with a larger network of healthcare professionals may develop their own temporary staffing models. These dynamics each separately or together could negatively affect pricing for our services and our ability to maintain certain clients.

Hospital concentration coupled with our success in winning managed services contracts means our revenues from some larger health systems have grown and may continue to grow substantially relative to our other revenue sources. For example, Kaiser Foundation Hospitals (and its affiliates) (collectively, “Kaiser”) comprised approximately 17%18% of our consolidated revenue in 2021.2022. If we were to lose Kaiser as a client or were unable to provide a significant amount of services to Kaiser, whether directly or as a subcontractor, such loss may have a material adverse effect on our revenue, results of operations and cash flows.
10

Intermediary organizations may impede our ability to secure new and profitable contracts with our clients.
 
Our business depends upon our ability to maintain our existing contracts and secure new, profitable contracts. Outside of our managed services contracts, our client contracts are not typically exclusive and our clients are generally free to offer temporary staffing assignments to our competitors. Additionally, our clients may choose to purchase these services through intermediaries such as group purchasing organizations or competitors offering MSP services, with whom we establish relationships in order to continue to provide our staffing services to certain healthcare facilities. These intermediaries may negatively affect our ability to obtain new clients and maintain our existing client relationships by impeding our ability to access and contract directly with clients and may also negatively affect the profitability of these client relationships. In addition, our inability to establish relationships with these intermediaries may result in us losing our ability to work with certain healthcare facilities.
 
The ability of our clients to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of their staffing management and recruiting efforts may affect the demand for our services that could negatively affect our business.
 
If our clients are able to increase the effectiveness of their staffing and recruitment functions through analytics, automation or otherwise, their need for our services may decline. With the advent of technology and more sophisticated staffing management and recruitment processes, including internal “travel” and other healthcare staffing models, clients may be able to successfully increase the efficiency and effectiveness of their internal staffing management and recruiting efforts, through more effective planning and analytic tools, internet- or social media-based recruiting or otherwise. Such new technologies and processes could reduce the demand for our services, which could negatively affect our business.

The repeal or significant erosion of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) without a corresponding replacement may negatively affect the demand for our services.

11
Table of Contents
In 2010, the adoption of the ACA brought significant reforms to the health care system that included, among other things, a requirement that all individuals have health insurance (with limited exceptions). As a result of the ACA, the uninsured population has declined significantly. If there is a rollback of aspects of the ACA, such as Medicaid expansion, it may lead to a reduction in demand for healthcare services and the demand for our services may decline.

Regulatory and Legal Risk Factors
Investigations, claims and legal proceedings alleging medical malpractice, anti-competitive conduct, violations of employment, privacy and wage regulations and other theories of liability asserted against us could subject us to substantial liabilities.

Like all employers, we must also comply with various laws and regulations relating to employment and pay practices and from time to time may be subject to individual and class action lawsuits related to alleged wage and hour violations under California and Federal law. We are subject to possible claims alleging discrimination, sexual harassment and other similar activities in which we or our hospital and healthcare facility clients and their agents have allegedly engaged. We are also subject to examination of our payroll practices from various federal and state taxation authorities from time to time. While we believe that our employment and pay practices materially comply with relevant laws and regulations, interpretations of these laws may change. Because of the nature of our business, the impact of these employment and payroll laws and regulations may have a more pronounced effect on our business. There is a risk that we could be subject to payment of significant additional wages, insurance and employment, and payroll-related taxes and sizeable statutory penalties negatively impacting our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. These laws and regulations may also impede our ability to grow the size and profitability of our operations. In addition, our involvement in these matters and any related adverse rulings may result in increased costs and expenses, cause us from time to time to significantly increase our legal accruals and/or modify our pay practices, all of which would likely have an adverse impact on our financial performance and profitability.

We, along with our clients and healthcare professionals, are subject to investigations, claims and legal actions alleging malpractice or related legal theories. At times, plaintiffs name us in these lawsuits and actions regardless of our contractual obligations, the competency of the healthcare professionals, the standard of care provided by the healthcare professionals, the quality of service that we provided or our actions. In certain instances, we are contractually required to indemnify our clients against some or all of these potential legal actions.

The size and nature of our business requires us to collect substantial personal information of healthcare professionals and other team members that is subject to a myriad of privacy-related laws from multiple jurisdictions that regulate the use and disclosure of such information. In addition, many of our healthcare professionals have access to client proprietary information
11
systems and patient confidential information. We may be required to incur significant costs to comply with mandatory privacy and security standards and protocols imposed by law, regulation, industry standards or contractual obligations with our clients. In addition, an inherent risk of the collection and access to such information includes possible claims from unintentional or intentional misuse, disclosure or use of this information. Such claims may result in negative publicity, injunctive relief, criminal investigations or charges, civil litigation, payment by us of monetary damages or fines, or other adverse effects on our business, which may be material.

We are also subject to certain laws and regulations applicable to recruitment and employment placement agencies with which we must comply in order to continue to conduct business in that specific state.

As we grow and increase our leadership position, we are at greater risk for anti-competitive conduct claims and investigations, such as violation of federal and state antitrust laws, unfair business practices and “price-gouging.” An environment of high-demand for healthcare staffing support coupled with the healthcare labor shortage, especially with respect to nurse and allied healthcare professionals, has led and may continue to lead to higher wages for healthcare professionals and higher costs to our clients for healthcare staffing. This may lead to claims and investigations into pricing and competitive conduct in the healthcare staffing industry. While we believe that our business practices, including pricing and competitive conduct, comply with all applicable laws and regulations, we may nonetheless be subject to inquiries, claims or investigations which could negatively impact our reputation and business.

We maintain various types of insurance coverage for many types of claims, including professional liability, errors and omissions, employment practices and cyber, through commercial insurance carriers and a wholly-owned captive insurance company and for other claims such as wage and hour practices and competition actions, we are uninsured. The cost of defending such claims, even if groundless, could be substantial and the associated negative publicity could adversely affect our ability to attract, retain and place qualified employees and healthcare professionals in the future. We may also experience increased insurance premiums and retention and deductible accruals that we may not be able to pass on to our clients, thereby
12
Table of Contents
reducing our profitability. Moreover, our insurance coverage and reserve accruals may not be sufficient to cover all claims against us.

We are subject to federal and state healthcare industry regulation including conduct of operations, costs and payment for services and payment for referrals as well as laws regarding government contracting.

The healthcare industry is subject to extensive and complex federal and state laws and regulations related to conduct of operations, costs and payment for services and payment for referrals. We provide talent solutions and technologies on a contract basis to our clients, who pay us directly. Accordingly, Medicare, Medicaid and insurance reimbursement policy changes generally do not directly impact us. Nevertheless, reimbursement changes in government programs, particularly Medicare and Medicaid, can and do indirectly affect the demand and the prices paid for our services. For example, our clients could receive reduced or no reimbursements because of a change in the rates or conditions set by federal or state governments that would negatively affect the demand and the prices for our services. Moreover, our hospital, healthcare facility and physician practice group clients could suffer civil and criminal penalties, and be excluded from participating in Medicare, Medicaid and other healthcare programs for failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations that may negatively affect our profitability.

A portion of our hospital and healthcare facility clients are state and federal government agencies, where our ability to compete for new contracts and orders, and the profitability of these contracts and orders, may be affected by government legislation, regulation or policy. Additionally, in providing services to state and federal government clients and to clients who participate in state and federal programs, we are also subject to specific laws and regulations, which government agencies have broad latitude to enforce. If we were to be excluded from participation in these programs or should there be regulatory or policy changes or modification of application of existing regulations adverse to us, it would likely materially adversely affect our brand, business, results of operations and cash flows.

We are also subject to certain state laws and regulations applicable to “nursing pools” with which we must comply in order to continue to conduct business in that particular statestate. Increased regulation relating to healthcare staffing agencies has increased the operational and administrative requirements and increased the cost to provide various of our services in certain states. If regulation of our services continues to increase it could have a negative impact on our ability to profitably provide services in some states. We may also be subject to state laws that impose caps or other limitations on amounts that may be charged to clients for certain types of healthcare staffing, which in turn impacts the wages paid to healthcare professionals and may impact our ability to attract healthcare professionals to assignments in these states. In addition, it is generally our practice to pass along the increased costs associated with higher wages for healthcare professionals on to our clients. If new or additional caps or other price limitations were imposed that prevented us from passing these increased costs on or if the amount that we were able to pass on to our clients, it would likely have an adverse impact on our financial performance and profitability.
 
The challenge to the classification of certain of our healthcare professionals as independent contractors could adversely affect our profitability.
12
 
Historically, we have treated our locum tenens, which include physicians and certain advanced practitioners, such as certified nurse anesthetists, nurse practitioners and physician assistants, as independent contractors. Certain state laws regarding classification of independent contractors have been modified in the past few years and as a result, we have altered our classification of certain locum tenens providers in certain instances. Other states and/or the Federal government may choose to adopt similar restrictions that may require us to expand our employee classifications for locum tenens. If this occurs, it could increase our employee costs and expenses and could negatively impact our profitability.

In addition, Federal or state taxing authorities may take the position that locum tenens are employees exposing us to additional wage and insurance claims and employment and payroll-related taxes. A reclassification of our locum tenens to employees from independent contractors could result in liability that would have a significant negative impact on our profitability for the period in which such reclassification was implemented, and would require changes to our payroll and related business processes, which could be costly. In addition, many states have laws that prohibit non-physician owned companies from employing physicians, referred to as the “corporate practice of medicine.” If our independent contractor physicians were classified as employees in states that prohibit the corporate practice of medicine, we may be prohibited from conducting our locum tenens staffing business in those states under our current business model, which may have a substantial negative effect on our revenue, results of operations and profitability.

13
Table of Contents
Risk Factors Related to Our Operations, Personnel and Information Systems
 
If we do not continue to recruit and retain sufficient quality healthcare professionals at reasonable costs, it could increase our operating costs and negatively affect our business and our profitability.
We rely significantly on our ability to recruit and retain a sufficient number of healthcare professionals who possess the skills, experience and licenses necessary to meet the requirements of our clients. With rising clinician burnout rates resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, an ongoing shortage of certain qualified nurses and physicians in many areas of the United States and low unemployment rates for nurses and physicians, competition for the hiring of these professionals remains intense. Our ability to recruit temporary and permanent healthcare professionals may be exacerbated by continued low levels of unemployment.
We compete with healthcare staffing companies, recruitment and placement agencies, including online staffing and recruitment agencies, and with hospitals, healthcare facilities and physician practice groups to attract healthcare professionals based on the quantity, diversity and quality of assignments offered, compensation packages, the benefits that we provide and speed and quality of our service. We rely on our human capital intensive, relationship-oriented approach and national infrastructure to enable us to compete in all aspects of our business. We must continually evaluate and expand our healthcare professional network to serve the needs of our clients.

The costs of recruitment of quality healthcare professionals and providing them with competitive compensation packages may be higher than we anticipate, or we may be unable to pass these costs on to our hospital and healthcare facility clients, which may reduce our profitability. Moreover, if we are unable to recruit temporary and permanent healthcare professionals, our service execution may deteriorate and, as a result, we could lose clients or not meet our service level agreements with these clients that have negative financial repercussions.

Our inability to implement new infrastructure and technology systems and technology disruptions may adversely affect our operating results and ability to manage our business effectively.

We have technology, operations and human capital infrastructures to support our existing business. Our ability to deliver services to our clients and to manage our commercial technologies, internal systems and data depends largely upon our access to and the performance of our management information and communications systems, including our SaaS-based solutions, client relationship management systems and client/healthcare professional-facing self-service websites. These technology systems also maintain accounting and financial information upon which we depend to fulfill our financial reporting obligations. We must continue to invest in this infrastructure to support our growth, enhance our management and utilization of data and improve our efficiency.

Upgrading current systems and implementing new systems is costly and involves inherent risks, including loss of information, disruption to our normal operations, changes in accounting procedures and internal control over financial reporting, as well as problems achieving accuracy in the conversion of electronic data. Failure to properly or adequately address these issues could result in increased costs, loss of clients, healthcare professionals and talent, the diversion of management’s and employees’ attention and resources and could materially adversely affect our growth, financial and operating results, internal controls over financial reporting and ability to manage our business effectively.
13

Additionally, the current legacy systems are subject to other non-environmental risks, including technological obsolescence for which there may not be sufficient redundancy or backup. These systems, and our access to these systems, are not impervious to floods, fire, storms, or other natural disasters, or service interruptions. There also is a potential for intentional and deliberate attacks to our systems, including ransomware, that may lead to service interruptions, data corruption, data theft or data unavailability. If our current or planned systems do not adequately support our operations, are damaged or disrupted or if we are unable to replace, repair, maintain or expand them, it may adversely affect our business operations and our profitability.

Our business could be harmed if we fail to further develop and evolve our current talent solutions technology offerings and capabilities.

To achieve our strategic objectives and to remain competitive, we must continue to develop and enhance our talent solutions technology offerings and capabilities. This may require the acquisition of equipment and software and the development of new proprietary software and capabilities, either internally or through independent consultants, which may require significant investment of capital. If we are unable to design, develop, acquire, implement and utilize, in a cost-effective manner, technology and information systems that provide the capabilities necessary for us to compete effectively, or for any
14
Table of Contents
reason any interruption or loss of our information processing capabilities occurs, this could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Disruption to or failures of our SaaS-based or technology-enabled services, or our inability to adequately protect our intellectual property rights with respect to such technologies, could reduce client satisfaction, harm our reputation and negatively affect our business.

The performance, reliability and security of our technology-enabled services, including our language interpretation services and SaaS-based technologies, such as AMN Language Services, ShiftWise, Medefis, b4health, Avantas Smart Square, Silversheet and Synzi are critical to such offerings’ operations, reputation and ability to attract new clients. Some of our clients rely on our SaaS-based technologies to perform certain of their operational functions. Accordingly, any degradation, errors, defects, disruptions or other performance problems with our SaaS-based technologies could damage our or our clients’ operations and reputations and negatively affect our business. If any of these problems occur, our clients may, among other things, terminate their agreements with us or make indemnification or other claims against us, which may also negatively affect us.

Additionally, if we fail to protect our intellectual property rights adequately with respect to our SaaS-based technologies, our competitors might gain access to it, and our business might be harmed. Moreover, if any of our intellectual property rights associated with our SaaS-based technologies are challenged by others or invalidated through litigation, defending our intellectual property rights might also entail significant expense. Accordingly, despite our efforts, we may be unable to prevent third parties from using or infringing upon or misappropriating our intellectual property with respect to our SaaS-based technologies, which may negatively affect our business as it relates to our SaaS-based and technology-enabled service offerings.

Security breaches and cybersecurity incidents could compromise our information and systems adversely affecting our business operations and reputation subject us to substantial liabilities.
Security breaches, including cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. These incidents can include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, ransomware attacks, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, such as our proprietary business information and that of our clients as well as personally identifiable information of our healthcare professionals and team members, including full names, social security numbers, addresses, birth dates and payroll-related information, in our data centers, on our networks and in hosted SaaS-based solutions provided by third parties. Our employees and third-party vendors may also have access to, receive and use personal health information in the ordinary course of our business. The secure access to, processing, maintenance and transmission of this information is critical to our operations.

Despite our security measures and business controls, our information technology and infrastructure, including the third party SaaS-based technology in which we store personally identifiable information and other sensitive information of our healthcare professionals may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers, breached due to third-party vendor and/or employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions such as ransomware or subject to the inadvertent or intentional unauthorized release of information. The Company has experienced cyber threats resulting in immaterial cyber incidents and expects cyber threats to continue with varying levels of sophistication. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently and may not immediately produce signs of intrusion, we may be unable to anticipate these incidents or techniques,
14
timely discover them, or implement adequate preventative measures. Our information technology and other security protocols may not provide sufficient protection, and as a result a security reach could compromise our networks and significant information about us, our employees, healthcare professionals, patients or clients may be accessed, disclosed, lost or stolen. In a situation such as ransomware attack, our access to critical business information and ability to conduct business may be interrupted or impaired.

Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could (1) result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information and regulatory penalties, (2) disrupt our operations and the services we provide to our clients and (3) damage our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our profitability, revenue and competitive position.
 
The inability to quickly and properly credential and match quality healthcare professionals with suitable placements may negatively affect demand for our services.
 
Our success depends on the quality of our healthcare professionals and our ability to quickly and efficiently assist in obtaining licenses and privileges for our healthcare professionals. The speed with which our healthcare professionals can obtain
15
Table of Contents
the appropriate licenses, and we can credential them depends in part, on state licensing laws. Roughly 35 states are part of the Enhanced Nurse Compact and over 20 states are part of the Physical Therapy Licensure Compact and Interstate Medical Compact Acts. A decline or change in interstate compact laws can impact our business.

Our ability to ensure the quality of our healthcare professionals also relies heavily on the effectiveness of our data and communication systems as well as properly trained and competent team members that credential and match healthcare professionals in suitable placements and third-party vendors that provide ancillary services. We also rely on the accuracy and credibility of information provided by licensing bodies and educational institutions. An inability to properly credential, match, and monitor healthcare professionals for acceptable credentials, experience and performance may cause clients to lose confidence in our services that may damage our brand and reputation and result in clients opting to utilize competitors’ services or rely on their own internal resources. The costs and speed with which we provide these credentialing services impact the revenue and profitability of our business.
 
Our operations may deteriorate if we are unable to continue to attract, develop and retain our sales and operations team members.
 
Our success depends heavily upon the recruitment, performance and retention of diverse sales and operations team members who share our values, passion and commitment to customer focus. The number of individuals who meet our qualifications for these positions is limited, and we may experience difficulty in attracting qualified candidates, especially as we diversify our offerings and our business becomes more complex. In addition, we commit substantial resources to the training, development and support of our team members. Competition for qualified sales and operational team members in the line of business in which we operate is strong, and we may not be able to retain a sufficient number of team members after we have expended the time and expense to recruit and train them. In addition, these team members may leave to establish competing businesses.
 
We are increasingly dependent on third parties for the execution of certain critical functions.
We have outsourced and offshored certain critical applications or business processes to external providers, including cloud-based, credentialing and data processing services. We exercise care in the selection and oversight of these providers. However, the failure or inability to perform or adhere to law, regulation and our policies on the part of one or more of these critical suppliers or perform the services in a timely manner could cause significant disruptions and increased costs to our business as well as reputational damage.

The loss of key officers and management personnel could adversely affect our business and operating results.
 
We believe that the success of our business strategy and our ability to maintain our recent levels of profitability depends on the continued employment of our senior executive team. We have an employment agreement with Susan R. Salka,All of our President and Chief Executive Officer, through May 4, 2023, which is renewable on an annual basis. Other executive members of the management teamofficers are employees at will with standard severance agreements. If members of our executive team become unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, our business and financial results could be adversely affected.
15
Our inability to maintain our positive brand awareness and identity may adversely affect our results of operations.
 
We have invested substantial amounts in acquiring, developing and maintaining our brands, and our success depends on our ability to maintain positive brand awareness across business lines and effectively build up or consolidate our brand awareness and image for new services. Many of our brands have strong recognition within their applicable markets. We cannot assure that additional expenditures, our continuing commitment to marketing and improving our brands and executing on our brand and marketing strategies, including changes in brand names, consolidation of brands, or other rebranding efforts to improve the association of our brands with one another, will have the desired effect on our brands’ value and may adversely affect our results of operations and also result in an impairment of the fair market value of intangible assets associated with acquired tradenames. In addition, our brands may suffer reputational damage that could negatively affect our short- and long-term financial results. The poor performance, reputation or negative conduct of competitors may have a spillover effect adversely affecting the industry and our brand.

Our inability to consummate and effectively incorporate acquisitions into our business operations may adversely affect our long-term growth and our results of operations.
We invest time and resources in carefully assessing opportunities for acquisitions, and acquisitions are a key component of our growth strategy. We have made acquisitions in the past several years to broaden the scope and depth of our talent solutions. If we are unable to consummate additional acquisitions, we may not achieve our long-term growth goals.
16
Table of Contents
Despite diligence and integration planning, acquisitions still present certain risks, including the time and economic costs of integrating an acquisition’s technology, control and financial systems, unforeseen liabilities, and the difficulties in bringing together different work cultures and personnel. Difficulties in integrating our acquisitions, including attracting and retaining talent to grow and manage these acquired businesses, may adversely affect our results of operations.

Businesses we acquire may have liabilities or adverse operating issues which could harm our operating results.

Businesses we acquire may have liabilities or adverse operating issues, or both, that we either fail to discover through due diligence or underestimate prior to the consummation of the acquisition. These liabilities and/or issues may include the acquired business’ failure to comply with, or other violations of, applicable laws, rules, or regulations or contractual or other obligations or liabilities. As the successor owner, we may be financially responsible for, and may suffer harm to our reputation or otherwise be adversely affected by, such liabilities and/or issues. These and any other costs, liabilities, issues, and/or disruptions associated with any past or future acquisitions could harm our reputation and operating results.

In addition, future acquisitions are accompanied by the risk that the obligations and liabilities of an acquired company may not be adequately reflected in the historical financial statements of that company and the risk that those historical financial statements may be based on assumptions that are incorrect or inconsistent with our assumptions or approach to accounting policies. Any of these material obligations, liabilities or incorrect or inconsistent assumptions could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.

As we develop new services and clients, enter new lines of business, and focus more of our business on providing a full range of talent solutions, the demands on our business and our operating risks may increase.
    
As part of our strategy, we plan to extend our services to new healthcare settings, clients, and new lines of business. As we focus on developing new services, capabilities, clients, practice areas and lines of business, and engage in business in new geographic locations, our operations may be exposed to additional as well as enhanced risks.

In particular, our growth efforts place substantial additional demands on our management and other team members, as well as on our information, financial, administrative, compliance and operational systems. We may not be able to manage these demands successfully. Growth may require increased recruiting efforts, increased regulatory and compliance efforts, increased business development, selling, marketing and other actions that are expensive and entail increased risk. We may need to invest more in our people and systems, controls, compliance efforts, policies and procedures than we anticipate. As our business continues to evolve and we provide a wider range of services, we will become increasingly dependent upon our employees, particularly those operating in business environments less familiar to us. Failure to identify, hire, train and retain talented employees who share our values could have a negative effect on our reputation and our business.

The demands that our current and future growth place on our people and systems, controls, compliance efforts, policies and procedures may exceed the benefits of such growth, and our operating results may suffer, at least in the short-term, and perhaps in the long-term.

The expansionuse of social media platforms presents new risks and challenges that can cause damage to our brand and reputation.

16
There has been an increase in theThe extensive use of social media platforms, including blogs, social media websites and other forms of internet-communication in our industry that allows access to a broad audience of interested parties. The inappropriate and/or unauthorized use of certain media vehicles by our clients, vendors, employees and contractors could increase costs, cause damage to our brand, or result in information leakage that could lead to legal implications, including improper collection and/or dissemination of personally identifiable information of candidates and clients. In addition, negative or inaccurate posts or comments about us on any social networking website could damage our reputation, brand image and goodwill.

We maintain a substantial amount of goodwill and intangible assets on our balance sheet that may decrease our earnings or increase our losses if we recognize an impairment to goodwill or intangible assets.
 
We maintain goodwill on our balance sheet, which represents the excess of the total purchase price of our acquisitions over the fair value of the net assets and intangible assets we acquired. We evaluate goodwill and intangible assets for impairment annually or when evidence of potential impairment exists, respectively. If we identify an impairment, we record a charge to earnings. An impairment charge to goodwill or intangible assets would decrease our earnings or increase our losses, as the case may be.
 
17
Table of Contents
Risk Factors Related to Our Indebtedness and Other Liabilities
 
Our indebtedness could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, limit our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industry, and expose us to interest rate risk to the extent of any variable rate debt.
As of December 31, 2021,2022, our total indebtedness, net of unamortized fees and premium, equaled $842.3$843.5 million. Our amount of indebtedness could increase our vulnerability to adverse economic, industry or competitive developments, including:

•requiring a portion of our cash flows from operations to be dedicated to the payment of our indebtedness, therefore reducing our ability to use our cash flows to fund operations, capital expenditures and future business opportunities,
•making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our indebtedness,
•restricting us from making strategic acquisitions or causing us to make non-strategic divestitures,
•limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, product and service development, debt service requirements, acquisitions, and general corporate or other purposes, and
•limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business or market conditions and placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors who are less leveraged and who, therefore, may be able to take advantage of opportunities that our indebtedness may prevent us from pursuing.

Our ability to service our indebtedness will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. We cannot provide assurance that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available in an amount sufficient to enable us to service our indebtedness or to fund other liquidity needs. Additionally, if we are not in compliance with the covenants and obligations under our debt instruments, we would be in default, and the lenders could call the debt, which would have a material adverse effect on our business. And in certain instances, our debt instruments may limit our ability to redeem or prepay some or all of the outstanding principal amount prior to maturity, or in other instances, require the payment of premium in excess of the principal amount.

The terms of our debt instruments impose restrictions on us that may affect our ability to successfully operate our business.
Our debt instruments contain various covenants that could adversely affect our ability to finance our future operations or capital needs and to engage in other business activities that may be in our best interest. These covenants limit our ability to, among other things:
•incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred equity,
•pay dividends on, redeem, repurchase, or make distributions in respect of our capital stock, prepay, redeem, or repurchase certain debt or make other restricted payments,
•make certain investments,
•create, or permit to exist, certain liens,
•sell assets,
•enter into sale/leaseback transactions,
•enter into agreements restricting restricted subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends or make other payments,
17
•consolidate, merge, sell, or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets,
•enter into certain transactions with affiliates, and
•designate restricted subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries.

Our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, such as prevailing economic conditions and changes in regulations, and if such events occur, we cannot be sure that we will be able to comply. A breach of these covenants could result in a default under our debt instruments and, in the case of our senior credit facility under our credit agreement, permit the lenders thereunder to cease making loans to us. If there were an event of default under any of our debt instruments, holders of such defaulted debt could cause all amounts borrowed under the applicable instrument to be due and payable immediately. Our assets or cash flow may not be sufficient to repay borrowings under our outstanding debt instruments in the event of a default thereunder.
In addition, the restrictive covenants in our credit agreement require us to maintain specified financial ratios and satisfy other financial condition tests. Although we were in compliance with the financial ratios and financial condition tests set forth in our credit agreement on December 31, 2021,2022, we cannot provide assurance that we will continue to be. Our ability to meet
18
Table of Contents
those financial ratios and tests will depend on our ongoing financial and operating performance, which, in turn, will be subject to economic conditions and to financial, market, and competitive factors, many of which are beyond our control. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under our credit agreement (and our other debt instruments to the extent the default triggers a cross default provision) and, in the case of the revolver under our credit agreement, permit the lenders thereunder to cease making loans to us. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the credit agreement, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding thereunder to be immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. Such action by the lenders could cause cross-defaults under our other debt instruments.
Variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly.

Borrowings under our credit agreement are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. IfAs interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on certain of our variable rate indebtedness will increase even though the amount borrowed remains the same. In addition, on March 5, 2021, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority announced that 1-week and 2-week USD LIBOR will cease publication after December 31, 2021, and that 1-month, 3-month, 6-month and 1-year USD LIBOR will cease publication after June 30, 2023. Borrowing arrangements under our credit agreement provide for alternative base rates, but such alternative base rates may not be desirable or may not be available in a similar manner or frequency as LIBOR. As a result, such changes, reforms or replacements relatingwe have transitioned to LIBOR could have an adverse impact on the market for or value of any LIBOR-linked securities, loans, derivatives or other financial instruments or extensions ofSecured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) in the third amendment to our credit held by us, which could affect our overall results of operations and financial condition.agreement.

We have substantial insurance-related accruals and legal accruals on our balance sheet, and any significant adverse adjustments may decrease our earnings or increase our losses and negatively impact our cash flows.
 
We maintain accruals related to legal matters, our captive insurance company and self-insured retentions for various lines of insurance coverage, including professional liability, employment practices, health insurance and workers compensation on our balance sheet. We determine the adequacy of our accruals by evaluating legal matters, our historical experience and trends, related to both insurance claims and payments, information provided to us by our insurance brokers, attorneys, third-party administrators and actuarial firms as well as industry experience and trends. If such information collectively indicates that our accruals are understated, we provide for additional accruals; a significant increase to these accruals would decrease our earnings.

Item 1B.    Unresolved Staff Comments
 
None.
18
Item 2.    Properties
 
We lease all of our properties, which consist of office-type facilities. We believe that our leased space is adequate for our current needs and that we can obtain adequate space to meet our foreseeable business needs. We have pledged substantially all of our leasehold interests to our lenders under our credit agreement to secure our obligations thereunder. We set forth below our principal leased office spaces as of December 31, 20212022 together with our business segments that utilize them:
LocationSquare Feet
Dallas, Texas (all segments)108,502 
San Diego, California (all segments)175,672 
Dallas, Texas (all segments)108,50251,002 
 
See additional information in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note (5), Leases.”

Item 3.    Legal Proceedings
Information with respect to this item may be found in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note (12), Commitments and Contingencies,” which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures
 
Not applicable.
19
Table of Contents
PART II
 
Item 5.    Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “AMN.” As of February 22, 2022,20, 2023, there were 18 stockholders of record of our common stock, one of which was Cede & Co., a nominee for The Depository Trust Company. All of our common stock held by brokerage firms, banks and other financial institutions as nominees for beneficial owners are considered to be held of record by Cede & Co., which is considered to be one stockholder of record. A substantially greater number of holders of our common stock are “street name” or beneficial holders, whose shares are held of record by banks, brokers and other financial institutions. Because such shares are held on behalf of stockholders, and not by the stockholders directly, and because a stockholder can have multiple positions with different brokerage firms, banks and other financial institutions, we are unable to determine the total number of stockholders we have without undue burden and expense.

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021,2022, we did not sell any equity securities that were not registered under the Securities Act.

From time to time, we may repurchase our common stock in the open market pursuant to programs approved by our board of directors (the “Board”). We may repurchase our common stock for a variety of reasons, such as acquiring shares to offset dilution related to equity-based incentives and optimizing our capital structure. On November 1, 2016, the Board authorized us to repurchase up to $150.0 million of our outstanding common stock in the open market. On November 10, 2021, February 17, 2022 and June 15, 2022, we announced an increaseincreases to the repurchase program under which we may repurchase an additional $150.0totaling $700.0 million for a total of $850.0 million of our outstanding common stock.repurchase authorization as of December 31, 2022. Under the repurchase program announced on November 1, 2016 and the increase announced on November 10, 2021aforementioned increases (collectively, the “Company Repurchase Program”), share purchasesrepurchases may be made from time to time, depending on prevailing market conditions and other considerations. The Company Repurchase Program has no expiration date and may be discontinued or suspended at any time. Additionally, we or our affiliates may, at any time and from time to time, seek to retire or purchase our outstanding debt through cash purchases and/or exchanges for equity or debt, in open-market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will be upon such terms and at such prices as we may determine, and will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material.

As of December 31, 2021,2022, we have repurchased 2,586 thousand8.2 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $47.08$84.85 per share excluding broker’s fees, resulting in an aggregate purchase price of $121.8$698.6 million, since 2016. During 2021,2022, we purchased 25 thousandrepurchased 5.6 million shares of common stock at an average price of $108.97$102.16 per share excluding broker’s fees, resulting in an aggregate purchase price of $2.7$576.8 million. See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note (10)(b), Capital Stock—Treasury Stock.” The following table presents the detail of shares repurchased during 2021.2022. All share repurchases to date were made under the Company Repurchase Program, which is the only repurchase program of the Company currently in effect.

Period
Total
Number of
Shares (or
Units)
Purchased
Average
Price Paid
per Share
(or Unit)		Total Number of
Shares (or Units)
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Program		Maximum Dollar
Value of Shares (or Units)
that May Yet Be
Purchased Under the Program
November 1 - 30, 202110,242 $108.1010,242 $179,749,785 
December 1 - 31, 202114,424 $109.5814,424 $178,168,737 
Total24,666 $108.9724,666 $178,168,737 
20
Table of Contents
Period
Total
Number of
Shares (or
Units)
Purchased
Average
Price Paid
per Share
(or Unit)		Total Number of
Shares (or Units)
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Program		Maximum Dollar
Value of Shares (or Units)
that May Yet Be
Purchased Under the Program
January 1 - 31, 2022690,783 $97.98690,783 $110,467,685 
February 1 - 28, 2022648,346 $99.67648,346 $345,825,167 
March 1 - 31, 2022958,545 $99.79958,545 $250,144,621 
April 1 - 30, 2022104,843 $101.59104,843 $239,490,711 
May 1 - 31, 20221,771,240 $92.121,771,240 $76,278,235 
June 1 - 30, 2022— $0.00— $326,278,235 
July 1 - 31, 2022— $0.00— $326,278,235 
August 1 - 31, 2022— $0.00— $326,278,235 
September 1 - 30, 2022— $0.00— $326,278,235 
October 1 - 31, 2022— $0.00— $326,278,235 
November 1 - 30, 20221,006,756 $119.761,006,756 $205,682,254 
December 1 - 31, 2022463,774 $117.01463,774 $151,402,100 
Total5,644,287 $102.165,644,287 $151,402,100 

We have not paid any dividends on our common stock in the past and currently do not expect to pay cash dividends or make any other distributions on common stock in the future. We expect to retain our future earnings, if any, for use in the operation and expansion of our business, to pay down debt and potentially for share repurchases. Any future determination to pay dividends on common stock will be at the discretion of the Board and will depend upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and such other factors as the Board deems relevant. In addition, our ability to declare and pay dividends on our common stock is subject to covenants restricting such actions in the instruments governing our debt. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note (8), Notes Payable and Credit Agreement.”
20
 
The information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K is incorporated by reference to the table set forth in Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
21
Table of Contents
Performance Graph
 
This performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” with the SEC or subject to Section 18 of the Exchange Act, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any of our filings under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.
 The graph below compares the total return on our common stock with the total return of (i) the NYSE Composite Index, and (ii) the Russell 2000 Index, (iii) the Dow Jones US Business Training & Employment Agencies Index (“BTEA”), and (iv) the S&P Healthcare Services Select Industry Index (“SPSIHP”), assuming an investment of $100 on December 31, 20162017 in our common stock and the stocks comprising the NYSE Composite Index, the Russell 2000 Index, the BTEA, and the stocks comprisingSPSIHP, respectively.
The Russell 2000 Index and the BTEA.SPSIHP have been added to the performance graph for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and we plan to include them in future filings. The Russell 2000 Index is a widely used broad-based market index that we believe more accurately represents companies of comparable market capitalization. Additionally, we believe that the SPSIHP is a more accurate representation of a published industry index that includes companies engaged in businesses similar to ours. Accordingly, we plan to discontinue the use of the NYSE Composite Index and the BTEA in future filings.
22
Table of Contents
amn-20211231_g2.jpg
12/31/1612/31/1712/31/1812/31/1912/31/2012/31/21
AMN Healthcare Services, Inc.100.00 128.09 147.36 162.05 177.50 318.15 
NYSE Composite100.00 118.73 108.10 135.68 145.16 175.18 
BTEA100.00 133.11 99.31 125.42 132.71 181.58 
amn-20221231_g2.jpg
12/31/1712/31/1812/31/1912/31/2012/31/2112/31/22
AMN Healthcare Services, Inc.100.00 115.05 126.52 138.58 248.39 208.77 
NYSE Composite100.00 91.05 114.28 122.26 147.54 133.75 
Russell 2000100.00 88.99 111.70 134.00 153.85 122.41 
BTEA100.00 74.61 94.22 99.70 136.41 94.30 
SPSIHP100.00 103.02 122.78 164.29 180.72 145.15 

Item 6.    [Reserved]

2223
Table of Contents
Item 7.     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and other financial information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain statements in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” are “forward-looking statements.” See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” under Item 1, “Business.” We intend this MD&A section to provide you with a narrative from the perspective of our management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and certain other factors that may affect our future results. The following sections comprise this MD&A:
•Overview of Our Business
•Operating Metrics
•Recent Trends
•Results of Operations
•Liquidity and Capital Resources
•Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
•Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Overview of Our Business
 
We provide healthcare workforce solutions and staffing services to healthcare facilities across the nation. As an innovative total talent solutions partner, our managed services programs, or “MSP,” vendor management systems, or “VMS,” workforce consulting services, predictive modeling, staff scheduling, telehealth services, credentialing services, revenue cycle solutions, language interpretation services and the placement of physicians, nurses, allied healthcare professionals and healthcare leaders into temporary and permanent positions enable our clients to successfully reduce staffing complexity, increase efficiency and lead their organizations within the rapidly evolving healthcare environment.
For the year ended December 31, 2021,2022, we recorded revenue of $3,984.2$5,243.2 million, as compared to $2,393.7$3,984.2 million for 2020.2021. We recorded net income of $444.1 million for 2022, as compared to $327.4 million for 2021, as compared to $70.7 million for 2020.2021. Nurse and allied solutions segment revenue comprised 75%76% and 71%75% of total consolidated revenue for the years ended December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. Physician and leadership solutions segment revenue comprised 15%13% and 19%15% of total consolidated revenue for the years ended December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. Technology and workforce solutions segment revenue comprised 11% and 10% of total consolidated revenue for both of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, and 2020.respectively. For a description of the services we provide under each of our business segments, please see, “Item 1. Business—Our Services.”
We believe we are recognized as the market-leading innovator in providing healthcare talent solutions in the United States. We seek to advance our market-leading position through a number of strategies that focus on market penetration, expansion of our talent solutions, increasing operational efficiency and scalability and increasing our supply of qualified healthcare professionals. Our market growth strategy continues to focus on broadening and investing, both organically and through strategic acquisitions, in service and technology offerings beyond our traditional temporary staffing and permanent placement services, to include more strategic and recurring revenue sources from innovative talent solutions offerings such as MSP, VMS, credentialing, workforce optimization service, and other technology-enabled services. We also seek strategic opportunities to expand into complementary service offerings to our staffing businesses that leverage our core capabilities of recruiting and credentialing healthcare professionals.
As part of our long-term growth strategy to add value for our clients, healthcare professionals, and stockholders, on May 13, 2022, April 7, 2021, and February 14, 2020, December 19, 2019, June 14, 2019, January 30, 2019, we acquired Connetics, Synzi (including its wholly-owned subsidiary SnapMD), and Stratus Video (which we have since rebranded as AMN Language Services), b4health, Advanced (which we have since rebranded as American Mobilerespectively. Connetics specializes in the direct hire recruitment and Med Travelers for the travelpermanent placement of international nurse staffing and allied staffing divisions, respectively), and Silversheet, respectively. Synzi and SnapMD offer virtual care technology platforms; Synzi focuses onhealth professionals with healthcare facilities in the care management and home health markets and primarily serves as a patient communication and engagement platform, while SnapMD focuses on the outpatient market and primarily serves as a clinical communication and documentation platform.United States. See additional information in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note (2), Acquisitions.”

Operationally, our strategic initiatives focus on investing in and further developing our processes and systems to achieve market leading efficiency and scalability, which we believe will provide operating leverage as our revenue grows. From a healthcare professional supply perspective, we continue to invest in new candidate recruitment and engagement initiatives and
23
technologies to access and effectively utilize our network of qualified healthcare professionals to capitalize on the demand growth we are experiencing which we expect to continue in the future due to the combined effects of healthcare reform, the aging population and labor shortages within certain regions and disciplines.
24
Table of Contents
Over the last several years, we have worked to execute on our management strategies and intend to continue to do so in the future. Over the past five years, we have grown our business both organically and as a result of a number of acquisitions.
We typically experience modest seasonal fluctuations during our fiscal year and they tend to vary among our business segments. These fluctuations can vary slightly in intensity from year to year. Over the past five years, these quarterly fluctuations have been muted in our consolidated results.
Operating Metrics
In addition to our consolidated and segment financial results, we monitor the following key metrics to help us evaluate our results of operations and financial condition and make strategic decisions. We believe this information is useful in understanding our operational performance and trends affecting our businesses.
•averageAverage travelers on assignment represents the average number of nurse and allied healthcare professionals on assignment during the period, which is used by management as a measure of volume in our nurse and allied solutions segment;
•billBill rates represent the hourly straight-time rates that we bill to clients, which are an indicator of labor market trends and costs within our nurse and allied solutions segment;
•billableBillable hours represent hours worked by our healthcare professionals that we are able to bill on client engagements, which isare used by management as a measure of volume in our nurse and allied solutions segment;
•daysDays filled is calculated by dividing total locum tenens hours filled during the period by eight hours, which is used by management as a measure of volume in our locum tenens business within our physician and leadership solutions segment; and
•revenueRevenue per day filled is calculated by dividing revenue of our locum tenens business by days filled for the period, which is an indicator of labor market trends and costs in our locum tenens business within our physician and leadership solutions segment.

Recent Trends
 
Demand for our temporary and permanent placement staffing services is driven in part by U.S. economic and labor trends, and since early 2020 through present, the COVID-19 pandemic hasand the “Great Resignation” have impacted demand. When the imposition of “shelter-in-place” orders and the suspension of elective and “non-essential” healthcare services occurred in March 2020 in response to the COVID-19 health crisis, demand for many of our businesses declined significantly. With these orders and suspensions lifted, general utilization of healthcare has continued to improve and has generally returned to pre-COVID-19 levels. Since late 2020, we have been experiencing historically high demand for nurses and certain allied healthcare professionals. In addition, recently,professionals and current demand across all segments and business lines has beenis above pre-COVID-19 levels.

InWe continue to see demand above pre-pandemic levels across our nurse and allied solutions segment prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, our ability to recruit enough nurses to meet the then-current demand levels was impacteddriven by the tight labor marketvacancies resulting from burnout, attrition, and modest bill rate increases. At the peak of the pandemic, demandretirements. The wages for nurses was most concentrated in specialties including ICU and telemetry nurses. Now, the current historic demand levels are dispersed across many specialties. Our clients are faced with increased labor shortages resulting from nurse burnout, attrition, retirements and, to a lesser extent, the impact of mandatory vaccination requirements. Thecorresponding bill rates we charge our clients peaked in the first quarter of 2022. Bill rates and wages for these nurses have continued to remainclinician compensation declined during the rest of the year, but remained well above prior year and pre-pandemic levels. We expect bill rates and clinician compensation to stabilize above pre-pandemic levels due to the significantly higher demand and our clients’ need to frequently fill positions quickly. Although the number of nurses on travel assignments has increased since July 2020, our ability to adequately meet the high client demand is constrained by the tight labor market.

The overall demand in our allied staffing division reached all-time highs in the third quarter, which declined in the fourth quarter but remains higher compared to prior year. We have recently seen strong demand in our imaging, respiratory, and laboratory specialties, driven by COVID-19 hospitalizations, testing, and vaccination support, as well as our therapy specialties. Demand in other modalities were driven by the continued surge in elective procedures as more of the population has become comfortable re-entering physician offices and outpatient centers. The return to in-person learning and additional federal funding has driven our school modality to strong year-over-year increases in all healthcare specialties.entering 2023.

In our physician and leadership solutions segment, demand has recovered and now exceedsfor our locum tenens business exceeded pre-pandemic levels.levels throughout all of 2022. We are seeingexpect continued strong demand for locumlocums tenens andstaffing in the first quarter of 2023. Our interim leadership as well as for permanent physicians and leaders. In our locum tenens division, we have seen particularlybusiness saw all time high demand in the second half of 2021 and the first half of 2022. Demand softened for certain specialties, suchthat business in the second half of 2022 as anesthesiologists, certified registered nurse anesthetists and advanced practice clinicians. Longer term, we expect continued strong core demand resulting from an increased level of burnout and turnover ofsome healthcare organizations streamlined leadership roles.
24
roles to reduce costs.

In our technology and workforce solutions segment, our VMS technologies experienced increased utilization and revenue growth this year due to increased demand levels and elevated bill rates.

The utilization of our language services business continued to grow as healthcareexperience increased utilization returneddue to a shift to more normal level and with the increased need and importance of these servicesvirtual interpretation during the pandemic.pandemic and labor shortages. Bill rates and volumes declined in our VMS business from peak levels in the first quarter, but still remained well above pre-pandemic levels. We anticipate bill rates to follow similar trends as our nurse and allied solutions segment and stabilize well above pre-pandemic levels as we enter 2023.

The demand for our recruitment process outsourcing increased in the second half of the yearservices remained strong as clients look for solutions to help address the increased labor shortages and the need to address vacancies in their permanent roles. We expect this increased demand to continue inroles and challenges with staffing their internal recruiting teams. In the current constrained labor market.market, we expect an elevated level of demand as compared to pre-pandemic.

As our businesses have continued to grow, we have increased our sales and operations workforce to support our clients and healthcare professionals. We have also increased spending to support our current team members and retain talent.

25
Table of Contents
Results of Operations
 
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain statements of operations data as a percentage of revenue. Our results of operations include three reportable segments: (1) nurse and allied solutions, (2) physician and leadership solutions, and (3) technology and workforce solutions. The acquisitions during 2022, 2021 2020 and 20192020 impact the comparability of the results between the years presented. See additional information in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note (2), Acquisitions.” Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of our results of operations to be expected in the future.
 
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
202120202019 202220212020
Consolidated Statements of Operations:Consolidated Statements of Operations:Consolidated Statements of Operations:
RevenueRevenue100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %Revenue100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %
Cost of revenueCost of revenue67.1 66.9 66.5 Cost of revenue67.3 67.1 66.9 
Gross profitGross profit32.9 33.1 33.5 Gross profit32.7 32.9 33.1 
Selling, general and administrativeSelling, general and administrative18.3 23.0 22.9 Selling, general and administrative17.9 18.3 23.0 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization2.6 3.9 2.6 Depreciation and amortization2.5 2.6 3.9 
Income from operationsIncome from operations12.0 6.2 8.0 Income from operations12.3 12.0 6.2 
Interest expense, net, and otherInterest expense, net, and other0.9 2.4 1.3 Interest expense, net, and other0.7 0.9 2.4 
Income before income taxesIncome before income taxes11.1 3.8 6.7 Income before income taxes11.6 11.1 3.8 
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense2.9 0.8 1.6 Income tax expense3.1 2.9 0.8 
Net incomeNet income8.2 %3.0 %5.1 %Net income8.5 %8.2 %3.0 %
 
Comparison of Results for the Year Ended December 31, 20212022 to the Year Ended December 31, 20202021
 
Revenue. Revenue increased 66%32% to $5,243.2 million for 2022 from $3,984.2 million for 2021, from $2,393.7 million for 2020, primarily attributable to higher organic revenue across our segments along with additional revenue of $23.4 million from our Stratus Video, Synzi and SnapMD acquisitions.segments.

Nurse and allied solutions segment revenue increased 76%33% to $3,982.5 million for 2022 from $2,990.1 million for 2021 from $1,699.3 million for 2020.2021. The $1,290.8$992.4 million increase was primarily attributable to an approximately 31% increase in the average bill rate, a 28%23% increase in the average number of travelers on assignment and an approximately 14% increase in the average bill rate, partially offset by a 2% increasedecrease in billable hours and an approximately $103.0 million increase in labor disruption revenue during the year ended December 31, 2021.2022.
Physician and leadership solutions segment revenue increased 27%17% to $697.9 million for 2022 from $594.2 million for 2021 from $466.6 million for 2020.2021. The $127.6$103.7 million increase was attributable to growth in our core businesses across businesses within the segment.segment, partially offset by lower COVID-19 project work. Revenue in our locum tenens business grew approximately 27%21% during 20212022 primarily due to a 20%14% increase in the number of days filled and a 6% increase in the revenue per day filled. This growthfilled, which was driven by a returngrowth in core demand and volume as well as COVID-19 project work.over pre-pandemic levels. Our interim leadership business experienced an approximately 30%9% growth, while our physician permanent placement and executive search businesses grew 22%19% during 2021.2022.
Technology and workforce solutions segment revenue increased 76%41% to $562.8 million for 2022 from $399.9 million for 2021 from $227.8 million for 2020.2021. The $172.1$163.0 million increase was primarily attributable to organic growth within our VMS and language services and outsourced solutions businesses along with additional revenue of $23.4 million from our Stratus Video, Synzi and SnapMD
25

acquisitions during 2021.2022. Revenue growth for our VMS and language services and VMS businesses was 56%79% and 113%19%, respectively, during 2021.2022.
For 20212022 and 2020,2021, revenue under our MSP arrangements comprised approximately 56%64% and 50%56% of our consolidated revenue, 71%81% and 65%71% for nurse and allied solutions segment revenue, 15%18% and 17%15% for physician and leadership solutions segment revenue, and 2% and less than 1%2% of our technology and workforce solutions segment revenue, respectively.

Gross Profit. Gross profit increased 65%31% to $1,716.7 million for 2022 from $1,309.6 million for 2021, from $791.8 million for 2020, representing gross margins of 32.9%32.7% and 33.1%32.9%, respectively. The decline in in consolidated gross margin for the year ended December 31, 20212022 was primarily due to (1) a lower margin in our nurse and allied solutions segment driven by higher clinician compensation, (2) a change in sales mix resulting from higher revenue in our nurse and allied solutions segment, which was partially offset by higher revenue in our technology and workforce solutions segment, and (2)(3) a lower margin in our physician and leadership solutions segment driven by higher compensation and a change in salesspecialty mix within the segment due to higher revenue in our locum tenens and interim leadership businesses. The overall decline was partially offset by (1) a higher margin in our technology and workforce solutions segment primarily due to a change in sales mix resulting from increased revenue in our VMS business and its higher margins as compared to our other businesses within the segment and (2) a change in sales mix resulting from higher revenue in our technology and workforce solutions segment. Gross margin by reportable segment for 2022 and 2021 and 2020 was 27.4% 26.3%
26
Table of Contents
and 27.4% for nurse and allied solutions, 35.8%34.5% and 36.7%35.8% for physician and leadership solutions, and 69.4%76.0% and 67.9%69.4% for technology and workforce solutions, respectively.
 
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses were $936.6 million, representing 17.9% of revenue, for 2022, as compared to $730.5 million, representing 18.3% of revenue, for 2021, as compared to $549.7 million, representing 23.0% of revenue, for 2020.2021. The increase in SG&A expenses was primarily due to $138.3 million of higher employee compensation and benefits (inclusive of share-based compensation), a $26.4 million increase in the provision for expected credit losses, and a $26.8 million increase in professional services and other expenses associated withrelated to our revenue growth. The overall increase was partially offset by a $30.5 million decrease related to acquisition, integration, changes in the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities from acquisitions, restructuring, and certain legal expenses, which was primarily due to a $20.0 million increase in legal accruals during the fourth quarter of 2020. SG&A expenses broken down among the reportable segments, unallocated corporate overhead, and share-based compensation are as follows:
(In Thousands)
Years Ended
December 31,		 (In Thousands)
Years Ended
December 31,
20212020 20222021
Nurse and allied solutionsNurse and allied solutions$358,092 $233,564 Nurse and allied solutions$471,489 $358,092 
Physician and leadership solutionsPhysician and leadership solutions131,228 109,117 Physician and leadership solutions148,619 131,228 
Technology and workforce solutionsTechnology and workforce solutions92,498 62,959 Technology and workforce solutions132,733 92,498 
Unallocated corporate overheadUnallocated corporate overhead123,416 123,642 Unallocated corporate overhead153,669 123,416 
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation25,217 20,465 Share-based compensation30,066 25,217 
$730,451 $549,747 $936,576 $730,451 
Depreciation and Amortization Expenses. Amortization expense decreased 1%increased 32% to $83.1 million for 2022 from $63.0 million for 2021, from $63.8 million for 2020, primarily attributable to (1) $14.6 million of additional amortization expense from the reductionassignment of useful lives ofto certain tradenametradenames and trademarks intangible assets during the third quarterthat were previously not subject to amortization effective December 31, 2021 and (2) $3.0 million of 2020, which was partially offset by additional amortization expensesexpense related to the intangible assets acquired in the Stratus Video,Connetics and Synzi and SnapMD acquisitions. Depreciation expense (exclusive of depreciation included in cost of revenue) increased 32%31% to $49.9 million for 2022 from $38.1 million for 2021, from $28.9 million for 2020, primarily attributable to an increase in purchased and developed hardware and software placed in service for our ongoing information technology investments to support our total talent solutions initiatives and to optimize our internal front and back-office systems. Additionally, $2.5$4.1 million and $1.4$2.5 million of depreciation expense for our language services business is included in cost of revenue for 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively.

Interest Expense, Net, and Other. Interest expense, net, and other, was $40.4 million for 2022 as compared to $34.1 million for 2021 as compared to $57.7 million for 2020.2021. The decreaseincrease is primarily due to (1) a $8.3$3.4 million premium payment associated withloss related to the redemptionchange in fair value of the 5.125% senior notes due 2024 (the “2024 Notes”) in the fourth quarter of 2020, (2)an equity investment during 2022 and a $6.7 million gain related to the change in fair value of an equity investment during 2021, (3) $5.0 million of write-offs of unamortized financing fees during 2020, and (4) a lower average debt outstanding balance during 2021, which resulted from repayments of the Credit Facilities (as defined below in this Item 7). The overall decrease was partially offset by a higher weighted average interest rate during 2021, which was primarily due to the issuances of higher interest bearing senior notes during the third and fourth quarters of 2020.2021.
Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense was $162.7 million for 2022 as compared to $116.5 million for 2021, as compared to $20.9 million for 2020, reflecting effective income tax rates of 26.3%27% and 22.8%26% for these periods, respectively. The increase in the effective income tax rate was primarily attributable to the recognition of net discrete tax expense of $1.7 million during 2022 compared to $3.4 million of net discrete tax benefits of $3.4 million and $4.7 millionrecognized during 2021, in relation to income before income taxes of $606.7 million and $443.9 million for 2022 and $91.5 million for 2021, and 2020, respectively. See additional information in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note (7), Income Taxes, and Note (1), Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”
 
26

Comparison of Results for the Year Ended December 31, 20202021 to the Year Ended December 31, 20192020
We describe in detail the comparison of results for the years ended December 31, 20202021 and 20192020 in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations—Comparison of Results for the Year Ended December 31, 20202021 to the Year Ended December 31, 2019”2020” of our 20202021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

27
Table of Contents
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
In summary, our cash flows were:
 
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
202120202019 202220212020
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities$305,356 $256,826 $224,862 Net cash provided by operating activities$653,733 $305,356 $256,826 
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(107,402)(538,172)(291,824)Net cash used in investing activities(170,710)(107,402)(538,172)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) financing activities(34,895)211,486 136,599 Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(591,865)(34,895)211,486 
Historically, our primary liquidity requirements have been for acquisitions, working capital requirements, and debt service under our credit facilities and senior notes. We have funded these requirements through internally generated cash flow and funds borrowed under our credit facilities and senior notes.
AtAs of December 31, 2021,2022, (1) no amount was drawn with $378.6 million of available credit under the Senior Credit Facility (as defined below), (2) the aggregate principal amount of our 2027 Notes (as defined below) outstanding equaledwas $500.0 million, and (3) the aggregate principal amount of our 2029 Notes (as defined below) outstanding equaledwas $350.0 million. We describe in further detail our Amended Credit Agreement (as defined below), under which our Senior Credit Facility is governed, the 2027 Notes, and the 2029 Notes in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note (8), Notes Payable and Credit Agreement.”
AtAs of December 31, 2021,2022, the total of our contractual obligations under operating leases with initial terms in excess of one year was $25.7$18.0 million. We describe in further detail our operating lease arrangements in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note (5), Leases.” We also have various obligations and working capital requirements, such as certain tax and legal matters, contingent consideration and other liabilities, that are recorded on our consolidated balance sheets. See additional information in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note (3), Fair Value Measurement, Note (6), Balance Sheet Details, Note (7), Income Taxes, and Note (12), Commitments and Contingencies.”
In addition to our cash requirements, we have a share repurchase program authorized by our board of directors, which does not require the purchase of any minimum number of shares and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. See additional information in “Item 5. Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” and “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note (10)(b), Capital Stock—Treasury Stock.”
We believe that cash generated from operations and available borrowings under our Senior Credit Facility will be sufficient to fund our operations and liquidity requirements, including expected capital expenditures, for the next 12 months and beyond. We intend to finance potential future acquisitions with cash provided from operations, borrowings under our Senior Credit Facility, or other borrowings under our Amended Credit Agreement, bank loans, debt or equity offerings, or some combination of the foregoing. The following discussion provides further details of our liquidity and capital resources.
 
2728
Table of Contents
Operating Activities
 
Net cash provided by operating activities for 2022, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 was $653.7 million, $305.4 million $256.8 million and $224.9$256.8 million, respectively. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities for 20212022 from 20202021 was primarily attributable to (1) an increase in net income excluding non-cash expenses of $259.2$205.4 million primarily due to improved operating results in our nurse and allied solutions and technology and workforce solutions segments, (2) ana decrease in accounts receivable and subcontractor receivables between periods of $614.2 million primarily due to the significant increase in the receivables balance in the prior year, which was due to increases in revenue and associate vendor usage in the prior year along with timing of collections, and (3) decreases in prepaid expenses and other current assets between periods of $112.6 million and $39.8 million, respectively, primarily due to prepayments made in the prior year and refunds received in the current year by third-party vendors related to labor disruption services. The overall increase in net cash provided by operating activities was partially offset by (1) a decrease in other liabilities between periods of $249.3 million primarily due to cash paid for income taxes and client deposits related to labor disruption services that were returned during the current year, which was partially offset by the payment of a lease termination fee during 2021, (2) a decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses between periods of $250.6$207.3 million primarily due to anthe increase in associate vendor usage during the prior year and timing of payments, (3) an increasea decrease in accrued compensation and benefits between periods of $103.4$139.7 million primarily due to prior year increases in pay rates, billable hours, and the average number of travelers on assignment in our nurse and allied solutions segment and increased employee compensation and benefits in 2021, and (4) an increase in other liabilitiesincome taxes receivable between periods of $81.0$15.5 million primarily due to an increaseoverpayment of client deposits related to labor disruption services, which was partially offset by (a) our election in the prior year to defer employer payrollestimated taxes in accordance with the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) of which half was paid during the fourth quarter of 2021, (b) the payment of a lease termination fee during the third quarter of 2021, and (c) an increase in accruals established in connection with a legal matter during 2020. The overall increase in net cash provided by operating activities was partially offset by (1) an increase in accounts receivable and subcontractor receivables between periods of $576.7 million due to a higher average receivables balance in the current year, which was due to increases in revenue and associate vendor usage along with timing of collections and (2) increases in prepaid expenses and other current assets between periods of $57.4 million and $24.3 million, respectively, primarily due to prepayments and refunds owed to us by third-party vendors related to labor disruption services.2022. Our Days Sales Outstanding was 5355 and 5553 days at December 31, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively.
 
Investing Activities
 
Net cash used in investing activities for 2022, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 was $170.7 million, $107.4 million $538.2 million and $291.8$538.2 million, respectively. The year-over-year decreaseincrease from 20202021 to 20212022 in net cash used in investing activities was primarily attributable to (1) $41.3$69.6 million used for acquisitions in 20212022 as compared to $476.5$41.3 million in 20202021 and (2) a net purchase$21.5 million of restricted investments of $3.1 millionpayments to fund the deferred compensation plan during 20212022 as compared to a net purchase of $15.5$7.6 million during 2020.2021. In addition, capital expenditures were $75.8 million, $53.6 million $37.7 million and $35.2$37.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019,2020, respectively. Our capital expenditures in recent years were primarily related to ongoing information technology investments to support our total talent solutions initiatives and efforts to optimize our internal front and back-office systems.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities for 2022, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 was $(591.9) million, $(34.9) million and $211.5 million, respectively. Net cash used in financing activities for 2022 was due to $576.8 million paid in connection with the repurchase of our common stock and $136.6$15.1 million respectively.in cash paid for shares withheld for payroll taxes resulting from the vesting of employee equity awards. Net cash used in financing activities for 2021 was primarily due to (1) repayments of $70.0 million under the Senior Credit Facility (as defined below) and $21.9 million under the Additional Term Loan (as defined below), (2) $7.2 million in cash paid for shares withheld for payroll taxes resulting from the vesting of employee equity awards, and (3) $3.1 million of acquisition earn-out payments, partially offset by borrowings of $70.0 million under the Senior Credit Facility. Net cash provided by financing activities for 2020 was primarily due to (1) gross proceeds received in connection with the issuances of the New 2027 Notes (as defined below) and the 2029 Notes (as defined below) of $552.0 million and (2) borrowings of $245.0 million under the Senior Credit Facility (as defined below) and $250.0 million under the Additional Term Loan (as defined below), partially offset by (1) the repayments of $245.0 million under the Senior Credit Facility and $228.1 million under the Additional Term Loan, (2) $333.3 million of payments related to the redemption of the 2024 Notes, (3) $11.5 million of financing costs paid in connection with the Amended Credit Agreement (as defined below) and the issuances of the 2027 Notes and the 2029 Notes, (4) $10.6 million of acquisition earn-out payments, and (5) $6.9 million in cash paid for shares withheld for payroll taxes resulting from the vesting of employee equity awards.
 
Amended Credit Agreement
On February 9, 2018, we entered into a credit agreement (the “New Credit Agreement”) with several lenders to provide for a $400.0 million secured revolving credit facility (the “Senior Credit Facility”) to replace our then-existing credit agreement. On June 14, 2019, we entered into the first amendment to the New Credit Agreement (the “First Amendment”) to provide for, among other things, a $150.0 million secured term loan credit facility (the “Term Loan”). In connection with our issuance of the Existing 2027 Notes (as defined below), we used a portion of the proceeds to repay our entire indebtedness under the Term Loan during the fourth quarter of 2019.
On February 14, 2020, we entered into the second amendment to the New Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) to provide for, among other things, a $250.0 million secured term loan credit facility (the “Additional Term Loan” and, together with). During the Seniorfirst quarter of 2021, we repaid the remaining balance of our Additional Term Loan.
On February 10, 2023, we entered into the third amendment to the New Credit Facility, the “Credit Facilities”Agreement (the “Third Amendment”). The SecondThird Amendment (together with the New Credit Agreement, the First Amendment and the FirstSecond Amendment, collectively, the “Amended Credit Agreement”) extended the maturity date ofprovides for, among other things, an increase to the Senior Credit Facility
28
to be coterminous with the Additional Term Loan.$750.0 million. The Senior Credit Facility includes a $75.0$125.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit and a $75.0 million sublimit for swingline loans. Our obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement are secured by substantially all of our assets. During the first quarter of 2021, we paid off the remaining balance of our Additional Term Loan. The terms of the Amended Credit Agreement, including maturity dates, payment and interest terms, are described in further detail in “Item
29
Table of Contents
8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note (8), Notes Payable and Credit Agreement.”

4.625% Senior Notes Due 2027

On August 13, 2020, AMN Healthcare, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, completed the issuance of an additional $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.625% senior notes due 2027 (the “New 2027 Notes”), which were issued at a price of 101.000% of the aggregate principal amount. The New 2027 Notes were issued pursuant to the existing indenture, dated as of October 1, 2019, under which we previously issued $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.625% senior notes due 2027 (the “Existing 2027 Notes” and together with the New 2027 Notes, the “2027 Notes”). The New 2027 Notes will be treated as a single series with the Existing 2027 Notes and will have the same terms (other than issue price, issue date and the date from which interest accrues) as those of the Existing 2027 Notes. The 2027 Notes will mature on October 1, 2027. Interest on the 2027 Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year, commencing October 1, 2020 with respect to the New 2027 Notes. The 2027 Notes are fully and unconditionally and jointly guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by us and all of our subsidiaries that guarantee the Amended Credit Agreement.

On and after October 1, 2022, we may redeem all or a portion of the 2027 Notes upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days’ notice, at the redemption prices (expressed in percentages of principal amount on the redemption date) set forth below, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but excluding) the redemption date, if redeemed during the twelve month period commencing on October 1 of the years set forth below:
PeriodRedemption
Price
2022 102.313 %
2023 101.156 %
2024 and thereafter 100.000 %
Prior to October 1, 2022, we may also redeem 2027 Notes with the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2027 Notes issued, at a redemption price (expressed as a percentage of principal amount) of 104.625% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but excluding) the applicable redemption date.
In addition, we may redeem some or all of the 2027 Notes prior to October 1, 2022 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2027 Notes redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, if any, to (but excluding) the applicable redemption date, plus a “make-whole” premium based on the applicable treasury rate plus 50 basis points.
Upon the occurrence of specified change of control events as defined in the indenture governing the 2027 Notes, we must offer to repurchase the 2027 Notes at 101% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but excluding) the purchase date.
The indenture governing the 2027 Notes contains covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to:
•sell assets,
•pay dividends or make other distributions on capital stock, make payments in respect of subordinated indebtedness or make other restricted payments,
•make certain investments,
•incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue preferred stock,
•create certain liens,
•enter into agreements that restrict dividends or other payments from our restricted subsidiaries,
•consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of our assets,
•engage in transactions with affiliates, and
•create unrestricted subsidiaries.
29
These covenants are subject to a number of important exceptions and qualifications. The indenture governing the 2027 Notes contains affirmative covenants and events of default that are customary for indentures governing high yield securities. The 2027 Notes and the guarantees are not subject to any registration rights agreement.
We used the proceeds from the issuance and sale of the Existing 2027 Notes to (1) repay $149.1 million of our indebtedness under the Term Loan, (2) repay $146.0 million under our Senior Credit Facility, and (3) pay fees and expenses related to the transaction during the fourth quarter of 2019. We used the proceeds from the issuance of the New 2027 Notes to repay $200.0 million of our indebtedness under the Additional Term Loan during the third quarter of 2020.
4.000% Senior Notes Due 2029

On October 20, 2020, AMN Healthcare, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, completed the issuance of $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.000% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “2029 Notes”). The 2029 Notes will mature on April 15, 2029. Interest on the 2029 Notes will be payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, commencing April 15, 2021.
30
Table of Contents

At any time and from time to time on and after April 15, 2024, we will be entitled at our option to redeem all or a portion of the 2029 Notes upon not less than 10 nor more than 60 days’ notice, at the redemption prices (expressed in percentages of principal amount on the redemption date) set forth below, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but excluding) the redemption date (subject to the right of holders of record of the 2029 Notes on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date), if redeemed during the twelve month period commencing on April 15 of the years set forth below:
PeriodRedemption
Price
2024102.000 %
2025101.000 %
2026 and thereafter100.000 %


At any time and from time to time prior to April 15, 2024, we may also redeem 2029 Notes with the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes issued, at a redemption price (expressed as a percentage of principal amount) of 104.000% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but excluding) the applicable redemption date.

In addition, we may redeem some or all of the 2029 Notes at any time and from time to time prior to April 15, 2024 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2029 Notes redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, if any, to (but excluding) the applicable redemption date, plus a “make-whole” premium based on the applicable treasury rate plus 50 basis points.

Upon the occurrence of specified change of control events as defined in the indenture governing the 2029 Notes, we must offer to repurchase the 2029 Notes at 101% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but excluding) the purchase date.

The indenture governing the 2029 Notes contains covenants that, among other things, restricts our ability to:

•sell assets;
•pay dividends or make other distributions on capital stock, make payments in respect of subordinated indebtedness or make other restricted payments;
•make certain investments;
•incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue preferred stock;
•create certain liens;
•enter into agreements that restrict dividends or other payments from our restricted subsidiaries to us;
•consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of their assets;
•enter into transactions with affiliates; and
•create unrestricted subsidiaries.

These covenants are subject to a number of important exceptions and qualifications. The indenture governing the 2029 Notes contains affirmative covenants and events of default that are customary for indentures governing high yield securities. The 2029 Notes and the guarantees are not subject to any registration rights agreement.
30

We used the proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 Notes, along with cash generated from operations, to (1) redeem all of our outstanding $325.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2024 Notes on November 4, 2020, (2) pay the associated redemption premium and all accrued and unpaid interest on the 2024 Notes, (3) repay $40.0 million under the Senior Credit Facility, and (4) pay fees and expenses related to the transaction during the fourth quarter of 2020.

Letters of Credit
 
AtAs of December 31, 2021,2022, we maintained outstanding standby letters of credit totaling $23.6$22.0 million as collateral in relation to our workers compensation insurance agreements and a corporate office lease agreement. Of the $23.6$22.0 million of outstanding letters of credit, we have collateralized $2.2$0.6 million in cash and cash equivalents and the remaining $21.4 million is collateralized by the Senior Credit Facility. Outstanding standby letters of credit at December 31, 20202021 totaled $24.1$23.6 million.
31
Table of Contents

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 
Our critical accounting policies are described in Note (1) to our audited consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Critical accounting policies are those that we believe are both important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results and require our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and base them on the information that is currently available to us and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could vary from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe that the following critical accounting policies affect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:
 
Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets

Our business acquisitions typically result in the recording of goodwill and other intangible assets. The determination of the fair value of such intangible assets involves the use of appropriate valuation techniques and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect our consolidated financial statements. Significant judgments required to estimate the fair values include estimated future cash flows, growth rates, customer attrition rates, brand awareness and discount rates. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value for each intangible asset. Management may engage independent third-party specialists to assist in determining the fair values. For intangible assets purchased in a business acquisition, the estimated fair values of the assets received are used to establish their recorded values, which may become impaired in the future.

In accordance with accounting guidance on goodwill and other intangible assets, we perform annual impairment analysis to assess the recoverability of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. We assess the impairment of goodwill of our reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets annually, or more often if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We may first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events and circumstances, we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is unnecessary. If the reporting unit does not pass the qualitative assessment, then the reporting unit’s carrying value is compared to its fair value. The fair values of the reporting units are estimated using market and discounted cash flow approaches. Goodwill is considered impaired if the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value. Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of assets and liabilities to reporting units, assignment of goodwill to reporting units, and determination of the fair value of each reporting unit. Valuation techniques consistent with the market approach and income approach are used to measure the fair value of each reporting unit. Significant judgments are required to estimate the fair value of reporting units including estimating future cash flows, and determining appropriate discount rates, growth rates, company control premium and other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value for each reporting unit. We perform our annual impairment test on October 31 of each year. We last performed a quantitative impairment test of our goodwill in the first quarter of 2020 and the estimated fair value of each reporting unit exceeded the respective carrying value by more than 100 percent. As of December 31, 2022, we do not have any indefinite-lived intangible assets.

Intangible assets with estimable useful lives are required to be amortized over their respective estimated useful lives and reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment evaluation is based on an undiscounted cash flow analysis at the lowest level at which cash flows of the long-lived assets are largely independent of other groups of assets and liabilities. We assess potential impairments to intangible assets when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or
31
asset group may not be recovered. Our judgments regarding the existence of impairment indicators and future cash flows related to intangible assets are based on operational performance of our businesses, market conditions and other factors. Although there are inherent uncertainties in this assessment process, the estimates and assumptions we use, including estimates of future cash flows, volumes, market penetration and discount rates, are consistent with our internal planning. If these estimates or their related assumptions change in the future, we may be required to record an impairment charge on all or a portion of our long-lived intangible assets. Furthermore, we cannot predict the occurrence of future impairment-triggering events nor the impact such events might have on our reported asset values. Future events could cause us to conclude that impairment indicators exist and that long-lived intangible assets associated with our acquired businesses are impaired.

Professional Liability Reserve
32
Table of Contents
 
We determine the adequacy of our accrual for professional liability by evaluating our historical experience and trends, loss reserves established by our insurance carriers, management and third-party administrators, and our independent actuarial studies. We obtain actuarial studies on a semi-annual basis to assist us in determining the adequacy of our accrual. For periods between the actuarial studies, we record accruals based on loss rates provided in the most recent actuarial study and management’s review of loss history. Expense recognized for accruals (inclusive of actuarial-based decreases) was $7.2 million, $7.2 million and $6.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Our accrual for professional liability includes provisions for estimated losses incurred but not yet reported (“IBNR”) losses and known claims (“case reserves”), as well as losses covered by excess insurance carriers (“excess liability”). The following table presents the case reserves, IBNR losses and excess liability as estimated by the most recently obtained actuarial study that make up our accrual for professional liability as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

December 31,
 20222021
Case reserves (1)
$8,450 $10,407 
IBNR losses (1)
25,176 23,027 
Excess liability (2)
10,344 8,237 
Total accrual$43,970 $41,671 

(1) The provisions for known claims. case reserves and estimated IBNR losses are presented net of excess liability.
(2) The accrual for losses recoverable from excess insurance carriers is recorded on the consolidated balance sheets with a corresponding recoverable asset.

We determine estimated IBNR losses by developing our historical loss data to its ultimate level (“ultimate losses”) and subtracting incurred losses to date; the amount of estimatedremainder is IBNR losses. We determine ultimate losses IBNR by following a detailed actuarial process that involvesthrough the use of assumptions that are primarily based uponseveral actuarial methods, including (but not limited to) loss development methods and Bornhuetter Ferguson methods. These methods use our specific historical claims data related to paid losses and loss experience,adjustment expenses, historical and current case reserves, reported and closed claim counts, and industry data and other data. The actuarial assumptions.assumptions used in the aforementioned methods include paid and incurred loss development patterns, our growth and mix of business, inflation, law changes, and claim frequency and severity trends.

We consider the frequency and severity of claims to be significant assumptions in estimating our accrual for professional liability. A 10% change in the expected frequency is within a reasonable range of possibilities and would increase or reduce the accrual estimate by approximately $2.0 million. A 10% change in the expected claim severity is within a reasonable range of possibilities and would increase or reduce the accrual estimate by approximately $4.0 million. Additionally, the average time period between the occurrence and final resolution of our professional liability claims is approximately 5 years; however, the facts and circumstances of individual claims could result in a timeframe that significantly varies from this average. The ultimate settlements of our professional liability claims may vary significantly from our estimates if future changes in claim frequency or severity differ from historical trends and actuarial assumptions, which could have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

Contingent Liabilities
 
We are involved in various lawsuits, claims, investigations, and proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. These matters typically relate to professional liability, tax, compensation, contract, competitor disputes and employee-related matters and include individual and class action lawsuits, as well as inquiries and investigations by governmental agencies regarding the Company’s employment and compensation practices. Additionally, some of our clients may also become subject to claims, governmental inquiries and investigations and legal actions relating to services provided by our healthcare professionals. From time to time, and depending upon the particular facts and circumstances, we may be subject to indemnification obligations under our contracts with such clients relating to these matters.

We cannot predict with assurance the outcome of claims brought against us. Certain of the above-referenced matters may include speculative claims for substantial or indeterminate amounts of damages. We record a liability when we believe that it is both probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. In assessing the probability of loss and the estimated amount, we consider the following factors, among others: (a) the nature of the matter and any related facts, circumstances and data; (b) the progress of the case; (c) the opinions or views of legal counsel and other advisers; (d) our experience, and the experience of other entities, in similar cases; (e) how we intend to respond to the matter; and (f) reasonable settlement values based on the foregoing factors. Significant judgment is required to determine both probability and the estimated amount.amount and the final outcome may ultimately be materially different. Where a range of loss can be reasonably
33
Table of Contents
estimated with no best estimate in the range, we record the minimum estimated liability. We review these provisions at least quarterly and adjust these provisions accordingly to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and updated information. We generally record changes in accruals related to legal matters in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The most significant matters for which the Company has established accruals in connection with loss contingencies are class actions related to wage and hour claims under California and Federal law.

We believe that the amount or estimable range of reasonably possible loss beyond the accruals that we have established, will not, either individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows with respect to loss contingencies for legal and other contingencies as of December 31, 2021.2022. However, the outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain. Therefore, if one or more of these legal matters were resolved against us for amounts in excess of management’s expectations, our results of operations and financial condition, including in a particular reporting period, could be materially adversely affected.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers.” The new guidance will require companies to apply the definition of a performance obligation under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities, such as deferred revenue, relating to contracts with customers that are acquired in a business combination. Under existing guidance, an acquirer generally recognizes assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, including contract assets and contract liabilities arising from revenue contracts with customers, at their acquisition-date fair values in accordance with ASC Subtopic 820-10, Fair Value Measurements—Overall. Generally, this new guidance will result in the acquirer recognizing acquired contract assets and liabilities on the same basis that would have been recorded by the acquiree prior to the acquisition under ASC Topic 606. This standard is effective on a prospective basis for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022, with
32
early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluatinghave adopted this standard effective January 1, 2023 and do not expect the adoption to have a material impact of adopting this standard on our consolidated financial statements.
There have been no other new accounting pronouncements issued but not yet adopted that are expected to materially affect our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

Item 7A.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
 
Market risk is the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. During 2021,2022, our primary exposure to market risk was interest rate risk associated with our variable interest debt instruments.instruments and our investment portfolio. A 100 basis point increase in interest rates on our variable rate debt would not have resulted in a material effect on our consolidated financial statements for 2021. 2022. A 100 basis point change in interest rates as of December 31, 2022 would not have resulted in a material effect on the fair value of our investment portfolio. For our investments that are classified as available-for-sale, unrealized gains or losses related to fluctuations in market volatility and interest rates are reflected within stockholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated balance sheets. Such unrealized losses would be realized only if we sell the investments prior to maturity.

During 2021,2022, we generated substantially all of our revenue in the United States. Accordingly, we believe that our foreign currency risk is immaterial.
3334
Table of Contents
Item 8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
 Page
3536
3738
3839
3940
4041
4243

3435
Table of Contents
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
AMN Healthcare Services, Inc.:
 
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of AMN Healthcare Services, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three‑year period ended December 31, 2021,2022, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three‑year period ended December 31, 2021,2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 24, 202222, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Professional Liability Reserve
As discussed in Note 1(j) and 6 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company determines their professional liability accrual by evaluating historical experience, trends, loss reserves, and actuarial studies. As of December 31, 2021,2022, the Company recorded professional liability reserves totaling $41,671$43,970 thousand.
We identified the evaluation of the professional liability reserve as a critical audit matter. A high degree of complex and subjective auditor judgment, including the involvement of actuarial professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, was required in evaluating the Company’s actuarial estimates and assumptions, specifically estimates for incurred but not reported claims. Changes in the actuarial estimates or assumptions could have a significant impact on the liability recognized.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the process to estimate the professional liability reserve. This included a control related to the selection of expected loss ratesultimate losses used in the estimates for incurred but not reported claims. We tested the key inputs to determine the incurred but not reported estimate. This included testing
3536
Table of Contents
testing data used by the Company’s actuarial specialist to determine the expected loss rates, specifically claims history used in the actuarial models, for consistency with the actual claims incurred and paid by the Company. We also involved actuarial professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in evaluating the Company’s actuarial estimates and assumptions, specifically expected loss rates, by comparing them to the Company’s historical data, and industry and regulatory trends.
 
/s/ KPMG LLP
 
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2000.

San Diego, California
February 24, 202222, 2023
3637
Table of Contents
AMN HEALTHCARE SERVICES, INC.
 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except par value)
 
December 31,December 31,
2021202020222021
ASSETSASSETSASSETS
Current assets:Current assets:Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$180,928 $29,213 Cash and cash equivalents$64,524 $180,928 
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $6,838 and $7,043 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively789,131 376,099 
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $31,910 and $6,838 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectivelyAccounts receivable, net of allowances of $31,910 and $6,838 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively675,650 789,131 
Accounts receivable, subcontractorAccounts receivable, subcontractor239,719 73,985 Accounts receivable, subcontractor268,726 239,719 
Prepaid expensesPrepaid expenses72,460 13,629 Prepaid expenses18,708 72,460 
Other current assetsOther current assets66,830 40,809 Other current assets66,037 66,830 
Total current assetsTotal current assets1,349,068 533,735 Total current assets1,093,645 1,349,068 
Restricted cash, cash equivalents and investmentsRestricted cash, cash equivalents and investments64,482 61,347 Restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments61,218 64,482 
Fixed assets, net of accumulated depreciation of $189,954 and $161,752 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively127,114 116,174 
Fixed assets, net of accumulated depreciation of $227,617 and $189,954 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectivelyFixed assets, net of accumulated depreciation of $227,617 and $189,954 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively149,276 127,114 
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOperating lease right-of-use assets27,771 77,735 Operating lease right-of-use assets16,266 27,771 
Other assetsOther assets156,670 135,120 Other assets155,750 156,670 
GoodwillGoodwill892,341 864,485 Goodwill935,364 892,341 
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $278,249 and $215,234 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively514,460 564,911 
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $361,327 and $278,249 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectivelyIntangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $361,327 and $278,249 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively476,832 514,460 
Total assetsTotal assets$3,131,906 $2,353,507 Total assets$2,888,351 $3,131,906 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYLIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYLIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:Current liabilities:Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expensesAccounts payable and accrued expenses$425,257 $167,881 Accounts payable and accrued expenses$476,452 $425,257 
Accrued compensation and benefitsAccrued compensation and benefits354,381 213,414 Accrued compensation and benefits333,244 354,381 
Current portion of notes payable— 4,688 
Current portion of operating lease liabilitiesCurrent portion of operating lease liabilities11,383 15,032 Current portion of operating lease liabilities8,090 11,383 
Deferred revenueDeferred revenue15,950 11,004 Deferred revenue11,825 15,950 
Other current liabilitiesOther current liabilities162,419 10,938 Other current liabilities28,322 162,419 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities969,390 422,957 Total current liabilities857,933 969,390 
Notes payable, net of unamortized fees and premiumNotes payable, net of unamortized fees and premium842,322 857,961 Notes payable, net of unamortized fees and premium843,505 842,322 
Deferred income taxes, netDeferred income taxes, net47,814 67,205 Deferred income taxes, net22,713 47,814 
Operating lease liabilitiesOperating lease liabilities13,364 77,800 Operating lease liabilities9,360 13,364 
Other long-term liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities96,989 107,907 Other long-term liabilities111,206 96,989 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities1,969,879 1,533,830 Total liabilities1,844,717 1,969,879 
Commitments and contingenciesCommitments and contingencies00Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:Stockholders’ equity:Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 10,000 shares authorized; NaN issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 and 2020— — 
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 200,000 shares authorized; 49,849 issued and 47,263 outstanding at December 31, 2021 and 49,614 issued and 47,053 outstanding at December 31, 2020498 496 
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 10,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 10,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021— — 
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 200,000 shares authorized; 50,109 issued and 41,879 outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 49,849 issued and 47,263 outstanding at December 31, 2021Common stock, $0.01 par value; 200,000 shares authorized; 50,109 issued and 41,879 outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 49,849 issued and 47,263 outstanding at December 31, 2021501 498 
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital486,709 468,726 Additional paid-in capital501,674 486,709 
Treasury stock, at cost; 2,586 and 2,561 shares at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively(121,831)(119,143)
Treasury stock, at cost; 8,230 and 2,586 shares at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectivelyTreasury stock, at cost; 8,230 and 2,586 shares at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively(698,598)(121,831)
Retained earningsRetained earnings796,946 469,558 Retained earnings1,240,996 796,946 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(295)40 
Accumulated other comprehensive lossAccumulated other comprehensive loss(939)(295)
Total stockholders’ equityTotal stockholders’ equity1,162,027 819,677 Total stockholders’ equity1,043,634 1,162,027 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equityTotal liabilities and stockholders’ equity$3,131,906 $2,353,507 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$2,888,351 $3,131,906 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
3738
Table of Contents
AMN HEALTHCARE SERVICES, INC.
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
 Years Ended December 31,
 202120202019
Revenue$3,984,235 $2,393,714 $2,222,107 
Cost of revenue2,674,634 1,601,936 1,478,642 
Gross profit1,309,601 791,778 743,465 
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative730,451 549,747 508,030 
Depreciation and amortization (exclusive of depreciation included in cost of revenue)101,152 92,766 58,520 
Total operating expenses831,603 642,513 566,550 
Income from operations477,998 149,265 176,915 
Interest expense, net, and other34,077 57,742 28,427 
Income before income taxes443,921 91,523 148,488 
Income tax expense116,533 20,858 34,500 
Net income$327,388 $70,665 $113,988 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation and other(335)(112)1 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(335)(112)1 
Comprehensive income$327,053 $70,553 $113,989 
Net income per common share:
Basic$6.87 $1.49 $2.44 
Diluted$6.81 $1.48 $2.40 
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic47,685 47,424 46,704 
Diluted48,045 47,690 47,593 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

38
AMN HEALTHCARE SERVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(in thousands)
 Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Treasury StockRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Total
 SharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance, December 31, 201848,809 $488 $452,730 (2,166)$(100,438)$286,059 $151 $638,990 
Repurchase of common stock into treasury— — — (395)(18,705)— — (18,705)
Equity awards vested and exercised, net of shares withheld for payroll taxes474 5 (13,778)— — — — (13,773)
Share-based compensation— — 16,241 — — — — 16,241 
Comprehensive income— — — — — 113,988 1 113,989 
Balance, December 31, 201949,283 $493 $455,193 (2,561)$(119,143)$400,047 $152 $736,742 
Equity awards vested and exercised, net of shares withheld for payroll taxes331 3 (6,932)— — — — (6,929)
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of the credit loss standard, net of tax— — — — — (1,154)— (1,154)
Share-based compensation— — 20,465 — — — — 20,465 
Comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — 70,665 (112)70,553 
Balance, December 31, 202049,614 $496 $468,726 (2,561)$(119,143)$469,558 $40 $819,677 
Repurchase of common stock into treasury— — — (25)(2,688)— — (2,688)
Equity awards vested and exercised, net of shares withheld for payroll taxes235 2 (7,234)— — — — (7,232)
Share-based compensation— — 25,217 — — — — 25,217 
Comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — 327,388 (335)327,053 
Balance, December 31, 202149,849 $498 $486,709 (2,586)$(121,831)$796,946 $(295)$1,162,027 
 Years Ended December 31,
 202220212020
Revenue$5,243,242 $3,984,235 $2,393,714 
Cost of revenue3,526,558 2,674,634 1,601,936 
Gross profit1,716,684 1,309,601 791,778 
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative936,576 730,451 549,747 
Depreciation and amortization (exclusive of depreciation included in cost of revenue)133,007 101,152 92,766 
Total operating expenses1,069,583 831,603 642,513 
Income from operations647,101 477,998 149,265 
Interest expense, net, and other40,398 34,077 57,742 
Income before income taxes606,703 443,921 91,523 
Income tax expense162,653 116,533 20,858 
Net income$444,050 $327,388 $70,665 
Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities, net, and other(644)(335)(112)
Other comprehensive loss(644)(335)(112)
Comprehensive income$443,406 $327,053 $70,553 
Net income per common share:
Basic$9.96 $6.87 $1.49 
Diluted$9.90 $6.81 $1.48 
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic44,591 47,685 47,424 
Diluted44,870 48,045 47,690 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

39
Table of Contents
AMN HEALTHCARE SERVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
(in thousands)
 Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Treasury StockRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Total
 SharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance, December 31, 201949,283 $493 $455,193 (2,561)$(119,143)$400,047 $152 $736,742 
Equity awards vested and exercised, net of shares withheld for taxes331 3 (6,932)— — — — (6,929)
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of the credit loss standard, net of tax— — — — — (1,154)— (1,154)
Share-based compensation— — 20,465 — — — — 20,465 
Comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — 70,665 (112)70,553 
Balance, December 31, 202049,614 $496 $468,726 (2,561)$(119,143)$469,558 $40 $819,677 
Repurchase of common stock into treasury— — — (25)(2,688)— — (2,688)
Equity awards vested, net of shares withheld for taxes235 2 (7,234)— — — — (7,232)
Share-based compensation— — 25,217 — — — — 25,217 
Comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — 327,388 (335)327,053 
Balance, December 31, 202149,849 $498 $486,709 (2,586)$(121,831)$796,946 $(295)$1,162,027 
Repurchase of common stock into treasury— — — (5,644)(576,767)— — (576,767)
Equity awards vested, net of shares withheld for taxes260 3 (15,101)— — — — (15,098)
Share-based compensation— — 30,066 — — — — 30,066 
Comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — 444,050 (644)443,406 
Balance, December 31, 202250,109 $501 $501,674 (8,230)$(698,598)$1,240,996 $(939)$1,043,634 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

40
Table of Contents
AMN HEALTHCARE SERVICES, INC.
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
 
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
202120202019 202220212020
Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:
Net incomeNet income$327,388 $70,665 $113,988 Net income$444,050 $327,388 $70,665 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization (inclusive of depreciation included in cost of revenue)Depreciation and amortization (inclusive of depreciation included in cost of revenue)103,697 94,187 58,520 Depreciation and amortization (inclusive of depreciation included in cost of revenue)137,111 103,697 94,187 
Non-cash interest expense and otherNon-cash interest expense and other(4,067)4,349 1,984 Non-cash interest expense and other5,330 (4,067)4,349 
Write-off of fees on credit facilities and senior notesWrite-off of fees on credit facilities and senior notes158 4,956 594 Write-off of fees on credit facilities and senior notes— 158 4,956 
Change in fair value of contingent considerationChange in fair value of contingent consideration— 4,900 7,178 Change in fair value of contingent consideration(2,930)— 4,900 
Increase in allowance for credit losses and sales creditsIncrease in allowance for credit losses and sales credits6,263 6,535 6,275 Increase in allowance for credit losses and sales credits57,999 6,263 6,535 
Provision for deferred income taxesProvision for deferred income taxes(16,287)(21,628)913 Provision for deferred income taxes(24,615)(16,287)(21,628)
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation25,217 20,465 16,241 Share-based compensation30,066 25,217 20,465 
Net loss on deferred compensation balances20 1,646 — 
Net loss (gain) on deferred compensation balancesNet loss (gain) on deferred compensation balances(526)20 1,646 
Loss on disposal or sale of fixed assetsLoss on disposal or sale of fixed assets2,707 4,322 484 Loss on disposal or sale of fixed assets1,560 2,707 4,322 
Amortization of discount on investments(52)(109)(298)
Net loss (gain) on investments in available-for-sale securitiesNet loss (gain) on investments in available-for-sale securities749 (52)(109)
Non-cash lease expenseNon-cash lease expense3,806 (589)5 Non-cash lease expense5,497 3,806 (589)
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions:Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions:Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions:
Accounts receivableAccounts receivable(419,533)(7,338)28,278 Accounts receivable57,921 (419,533)(7,338)
Accounts receivable, subcontractorAccounts receivable, subcontractor(165,734)(1,271)(22,571)Accounts receivable, subcontractor(29,007)(165,734)(1,271)
Income taxes receivableIncome taxes receivable6,591 (412)(4,464)Income taxes receivable(8,875)6,591 (412)
Prepaid expensesPrepaid expenses(58,788)(1,342)774 Prepaid expenses53,806 (58,788)(1,342)
Other current assetsOther current assets(21,999)2,322 2,847 Other current assets17,775 (21,999)2,322 
Other assetsOther assets3,262 3,220 (12,751)Other assets210 3,262 3,220 
Accounts payable and accrued expensesAccounts payable and accrued expenses256,118 5,562 1,925 Accounts payable and accrued expenses48,782 256,118 5,562 
Accrued compensation and benefitsAccrued compensation and benefits129,235 25,856 32,758 Accrued compensation and benefits(10,506)129,235 25,856 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities122,685 41,640 (6,090)Other liabilities(126,566)122,685 41,640 
Deferred revenueDeferred revenue4,320 (1,119)(1,806)Deferred revenue(4,098)4,320 (1,119)
Restricted investments balanceRestricted investments balance349 9 78 Restricted investments balance— 349 9 
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities305,356 256,826 224,862 Net cash provided by operating activities653,733 305,356 256,826 
Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase and development of fixed assetsPurchase and development of fixed assets(53,573)(37,702)(35,218)Purchase and development of fixed assets(75,831)(53,573)(37,702)
Purchase of investmentsPurchase of investments(60,719)(48,311)(26,309)Purchase of investments(13,152)(60,719)(48,311)
Proceeds from sale and maturity of investmentsProceeds from sale and maturity of investments57,660 32,800 32,135 Proceeds from sale and maturity of investments14,384 57,660 32,800 
Purchase of equity investments(500)— — 
Purchase of equity investmentPurchase of equity investment— (500)— 
Proceeds from sale of equity investmentProceeds from sale of equity investment78 527 — Proceeds from sale of equity investment68 78 527 
Purchase of convertible promissory notesPurchase of convertible promissory notes— (490)(779)Purchase of convertible promissory notes— — (490)
Payments to fund deferred compensation planPayments to fund deferred compensation plan(7,565)(7,171)(12,507)Payments to fund deferred compensation plan(21,518)(7,565)(7,171)
Cash paid for initial direct costsCash paid for initial direct costs(1,429)— — Cash paid for initial direct costs— (1,429)— 
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash and restricted cash receivedCash paid for acquisitions, net of cash and restricted cash received(41,264)(476,491)(247,906)Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash and restricted cash received(69,570)(41,264)(476,491)
Cash paid for other intangiblesCash paid for other intangibles(90)(1,400)(1,240)Cash paid for other intangibles(5,091)(90)(1,400)
Cash received for working capital adjustments for prior year acquisitionsCash received for working capital adjustments for prior year acquisitions— 66 — Cash received for working capital adjustments for prior year acquisitions— — 66 
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(107,402)(538,172)(291,824)Net cash used in investing activities(170,710)(107,402)(538,172)
4041
Table of Contents
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
202120202019 202220212020
Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments on term loansPayments on term loans(21,875)(228,125)(150,000)Payments on term loans— (21,875)(228,125)
Proceeds from term loansProceeds from term loans— 250,000 150,000 Proceeds from term loans— — 250,000 
Payments on revolving credit facilityPayments on revolving credit facility(70,000)(245,000)(221,000)Payments on revolving credit facility— (70,000)(245,000)
Proceeds from revolving credit facilityProceeds from revolving credit facility70,000 245,000 101,000 Proceeds from revolving credit facility— 70,000 245,000 
Proceeds from senior notesProceeds from senior notes— 552,000 300,000 Proceeds from senior notes— — 552,000 
Redemption of senior notesRedemption of senior notes— (333,330)— Redemption of senior notes— — (333,330)
Repurchase of common stockRepurchase of common stock(2,688)— (18,705)Repurchase of common stock(576,767)(2,688)— 
Payment of financing costsPayment of financing costs— (11,508)(5,223)Payment of financing costs— — (11,508)
Earn-out payments to settle contingent consideration liabilities for prior acquisitionsEarn-out payments to settle contingent consideration liabilities for prior acquisitions(3,100)(10,622)(5,700)Earn-out payments to settle contingent consideration liabilities for prior acquisitions— (3,100)(10,622)
Cash paid for shares withheld for taxesCash paid for shares withheld for taxes(7,232)(6,929)(13,773)Cash paid for shares withheld for taxes(15,098)(7,232)(6,929)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) financing activities(34,895)211,486 136,599 Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(591,865)(34,895)211,486 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cashEffect of exchange rate changes on cash(335)(112)1 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash— (335)(112)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashNet increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash162,724 (69,972)69,638 Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(108,842)162,724 (69,972)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of yearCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year83,990 153,962 84,324 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year246,714 83,990 153,962 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of yearCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year$246,714 $83,990 $153,962 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year$137,872 $246,714 $83,990 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilitiesCash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities$39,865 $20,052 $17,817 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities$13,337 $39,865 $20,052 
Cash paid for interest (net of $349, $389 and $536 capitalized in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively)$38,085 $22,652 $23,730 
Cash paid for interest (net of $703, $349 and $389 capitalized in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively)Cash paid for interest (net of $703, $349 and $389 capitalized in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively)$37,518 $38,085 $22,652 
Cash paid for income taxesCash paid for income taxes$106,379 $46,258 $37,747 Cash paid for income taxes$213,807 $106,379 $46,258 
Acquisitions: Acquisitions:Acquisitions:
Fair value of tangible assets acquired in acquisitions, net of cash and restricted cash receivedFair value of tangible assets acquired in acquisitions, net of cash and restricted cash received$1,906 $35,733 $29,660 Fair value of tangible assets acquired in acquisitions, net of cash and restricted cash received$2,604 $1,906 $35,733 
GoodwillGoodwill27,193 268,971 157,036 Goodwill42,990 27,193 268,971 
Intangible assetsIntangible assets12,440 228,000 107,580 Intangible assets40,200 12,440 228,000 
Liabilities assumedLiabilities assumed(275)(56,213)(31,148)Liabilities assumed(8,224)(275)(56,213)
Contingent consideration liabilitiesContingent consideration liabilities— — (15,222)Contingent consideration liabilities(8,000)— — 
Net cash paid for acquisitionsNet cash paid for acquisitions$41,264 $476,491 $247,906 Net cash paid for acquisitions$69,570 $41,264 $476,491 
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchase of fixed assets recorded in accounts payable and accrued expensesPurchase of fixed assets recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses$3,719 $3,103 $2,301 Purchase of fixed assets recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses$5,643 $3,719 $3,103 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

4142
Table of Contents
AMN HEALTHCARE SERVICES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 20192020
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
(a) General
 
AMN Healthcare Services, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware on November 10, 1997. AMN Healthcare Services, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) provide healthcare workforce solutions and staffing services at acute and sub-acute care hospitals and other healthcare facilities throughout the United States.
 
(b) Principles of Consolidation
 
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of AMN Healthcare Services, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
(c) Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, professional liability reserve, contingent liabilities such as legal accruals, and income taxes. The Company bases these estimates on the information that is currently available and on various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic did not have a material effect on the Company’s estimates as of December 31, 2021.
 
(d) Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include currency on hand, deposits with financial institutions, money market funds, commercial paper and other highly liquid investments. See Note (3), “Fair Value Measurement” for additional information.
 
(e) Restricted Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents primarily includes cash, corporate bonds and commercial paper that serve as collateral for the Company’s captive insurance subsidiary claim payments. See Note (3), “Fair Value Measurement” for additional information.
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and related notes to the amounts presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows.
December 31, 2021December 31, 2020 December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$180,928 $29,213 Cash and cash equivalents$64,524 $180,928 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (included in other current assets)Restricted cash and cash equivalents (included in other current assets)29,262 18,626 Restricted cash and cash equivalents (included in other current assets)37,225 29,262 
Restricted cash, cash equivalents and investmentsRestricted cash, cash equivalents and investments64,482 61,347 Restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments61,218 64,482 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and investmentsTotal cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and investments274,672 109,186 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and investments162,967 274,672 
Less restricted investmentsLess restricted investments(27,958)(25,196)Less restricted investments(25,095)(27,958)
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashTotal cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$246,714 $83,990 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$137,872 $246,714 
(f) Fixed Assets
 
The Company records furniture, equipment, leasehold improvements and capitalized software at cost less accumulated amortization and depreciation. The Company records equipment acquired under finance leases at the present value of the future minimum lease payments. The Company capitalizes major additions and improvements, and it expenses maintenance and
42
repairs when incurred. The Company calculates depreciation on furniture, equipment and software using the straight-line
43
Table of Contents
method based on the estimated useful lives of the related assets ((typically three to ten years). The Company depreciates leasehold improvements and equipment obtained under finance leases over the shorter of the term of the lease or their estimated useful lives. The Company includes depreciation of equipment obtained under finance leases with depreciation expense in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
 
The Company capitalizes costs it incurs to develop software during the application development stage. Application development stage costs generally include costs associated with software configuration, coding, installation and testing. The Company also capitalizes costs of significant upgrades and enhancements that result in additional functionality, whereas it expenses as incurred costs for maintenance and minor upgrades and enhancements. The Company amortizes capitalized costs using the straight-line method over three to ten years once the software is ready for its intended use.
 
The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset group to the future undiscounted net cash flows that are expected to be generated by the asset group. If such asset group is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds the fair value of the asset group. The Company reports assets to be disposed of at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.
 
(g) Leases

The Company recognizes operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities at commencement date based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet in accordance with the short-term lease recognition exemption. The Company applies the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all leases that qualify and uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate to measure its lease liabilities. The incremental borrowing rate is determined for each operating lease based on the Company’s borrowing capabilities over a similar term of the lease arrangement, which is estimated by utilizing the Company’s credit rating and the effects of full collateralization. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(h) Goodwill
 
The Company records as goodwill the portion of the purchase price that exceeds the fair value of net assets of entities acquired. The Company evaluates goodwill annually for impairment at the reporting unit level and whenever circumstances occur indicating that goodwill may be impaired. The Company may first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events and circumstances, the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is unnecessary. If the reporting unit does not pass the qualitative assessment, then the reporting unit’s carrying value is compared to its fair value. The amount by which the carrying value of the goodwill exceeds its fair value is recognized as an impairment loss.
 
(i) Intangible Assets
 
Intangible assets consist of identifiable intangible assets acquired through acquisitions, which include tradenames and trademarks, customer relationships, staffing databases, developed technology and non-compete agreements. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets are determined using either the income approach (relief-from-royalty method or multi-period excess earnings method) or the cost approach (replacement cost method). The Company amortizes intangible assets, other than those with an indefinite life, using the straight-line method over their useful lives. The Company amortizes non-compete agreements using the straight-line method over the lives of the related agreements. The Company reviews for impairment intangible assets with estimable useful lives whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
 
The Company does not amortize indefinite-lived intangible assets and instead reviews them for impairment annually. The Company may first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If, after assessing the totality of events and circumstances, the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is not impaired, no quantitative fair value measurement is necessary. If a quantitative fair value measurement calculation is required for an indefinite-lived intangible asset, the Company compares its fair value with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, the Company records the excess as an impairment loss.
(j) Insurance Reserves
43
44
Table of Contents
The Company maintains an accrual for professional liability that is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The expense is included in the selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. The Company determines the adequacy of this accrual by evaluating its historical experience and trends, loss reserves established by the Company’s insurance carriers, management and third-party administrators, and independent actuarial studies. The Company obtains actuarial studies on a semi-annual basis that use the Company’s actual claims data and industry data to assist the Company in determining the adequacy of its reserves each year. For periods between the actuarial studies, the Company records its accruals based on loss rates provided in the most recent actuarial study and management’s review of loss history and trends. In November 2012, the Company established a captive insurance subsidiary, which primarily provides coverage, on an occurrence basis, for professional liability within its nurse and allied solutions segment. Liabilities include provisions for estimated losses incurred but not yet reported (“IBNR”), losses, as well as provisions for known claims. IBNR reserve estimates involve the use of assumptions that are primarily based upon historical loss experience, industry data and other actuarial assumptions. The Company maintains insurance programs through its wholly-owned captive insurance subsidiary, which primarily provides coverage, on an occurrence basis, for professional liability within its nurse and allied solutions segment. In addition, the Company maintains excess insurance coverage through a commercial carrier for losses above the per occurrence retention. Losses covered by excess insurance are included in the accrual for professional liability, as the Company remains liable to the extent commercial carriers do not meet their obligations.

The Company maintains an accrual for workers compensation, which is included in accrued compensation and benefits and other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The expense relating to healthcare professionals is included in cost of revenue, while the expense relating to corporate employees is included in the selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. The Company determines the adequacy of this accrual by evaluating its historical experience and trends, loss reserves established by the Company’s insurance carriers and third-party administrators, and independent actuarial studies. The Company obtains actuarial studies on a semi-annual basis that use the Company’s payroll and historical claims data, as well as industry data, to determine the appropriate reserve for both reported claims and IBNR claims for each policy year. For periods between the actuarial studies, the Company records its accruals based on loss rates provided in the most recent actuarial study.

The Company maintains legacy liabilities related to its self-insured retention portion of both the workers compensation and locum tenens business professional liability in its captive insurance subsidiary. These legacy liabilities follow the same accounting policies as described in the paragraphs above.
 
(k) Revenue Recognition
Revenue primarily consists of fees earned from the temporary staffing and permanent placement of healthcare professionals, executives, and leaders (clinical and operational). The Company also generates revenue from technology-enabled services, including language interpretation and vendor management systems, and talent planning and acquisition services, including recruitment process outsourcing. The Company recognizes revenue when control of its services is transferred to its customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those services. Revenue from temporary staffing services is recognized as the services are rendered by clinical and non-clinical healthcare professionals. Under the Company’s managed services program (“MSP”) arrangements, the Company manages all or a part of a customer’s supplemental workforce needs utilizing its own network of healthcare professionals along with those of third-party subcontractors. Revenue and the related direct costs under MSP arrangements are recorded in accordance with the accounting guidance on reporting revenue gross as a principal versus net as an agent. When the Company uses subcontractors and acts as an agent, revenue is recorded net of the related subcontractor’s expense. Revenue from permanent placement and recruitment process outsourcing services is recognized as the services are rendered. Depending on the arrangement, the Company’s technology-enabled service revenue is recognized either as the services are rendered or ratably over the applicable arrangement’s service period. See additional information below regarding the Company’s revenue disaggregated by service type.
The Company’s customers are primarily billed as services are rendered. Any fees billed in advance of being earned are recorded as deferred revenue. While payment terms vary by the type of customer and the services rendered, the term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, previously deferred revenue recognized as revenue was $10,660 and $11,729, respectively.
The Company recognizes assets from incremental costs to obtain a contract with a customer and costs incurred to fulfill a contract with a customer, which are deferred and amortized using the portfolio approach on a straight line basis over the average period of benefit consistent with the timing of transfer of services to the customer.
The Company has elected to apply the following practical expedients and optional exemptions related to contract costs and revenue recognition:
•Recognize incremental costs of obtaining a contract with amortization periods of one year or less as expense when incurred. These costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses.
44
•Recognize revenue in the amount of consideration that the Company has a right to invoice the customer if that amount corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the Company’s services completed to date.
45
Table of Contents
•Exemptions from disclosing the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, (ii) contracts for which revenue is recognized in the amount of consideration that the Company has a right to invoice for services performed and (iii) contracts for which variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation or to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct service that forms part of a single performance obligation.

(l) Accounts Receivable
 
The Company records accounts receivable at the invoiced amount. Accounts receivable are non-interest bearing. The Company maintains an allowance for expected credit losses based on the Company’s historical write-off experience, an assessment of its customers’ financial conditions and available information that is relevant to assessing the collectability of cash flows, which includes current conditions and forecasts about future economic conditions.
The following table provides a reconciliation of activity in the allowance for expected credit losses for accounts receivable:
2021202020222021
Balance as of January 1,Balance as of January 1,$7,043 $3,332 Balance as of January 1,$6,838 $7,043 
Adoption of the credit loss standard, cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings— 1,334 
Provision for expected credit lossesProvision for expected credit losses1,206 4,428 Provision for expected credit losses27,622 1,206 
Amounts written off charged against the allowanceAmounts written off charged against the allowance(1,411)(2,051)Amounts written off charged against the allowance(2,550)(1,411)
Balance as of December 31,Balance as of December 31,$6,838 $7,043 Balance as of December 31,$31,910 $6,838 

The provision for expected credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily the result of recent developments that raised concern with a specific customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations, and uncertainty regarding the collectability of cash flows from other customers due primarily to the current macroeconomic outlook.
(m) Concentration of Credit Risk
 
The majority of the Company’s business activity is with hospitals located throughout the United States. Credit is extended based on the evaluation of each entity’s financial condition. One customer primarily within the Company’s nurse and allied solutions segment comprised approximately 17%18%, 14%17% and 13%14% of the consolidated revenue of the Company for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019,2020, respectively.
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments accounts are financial instruments that are exposed to concentration of credit risk. The Company maintains most of its cash, cash equivalents and investment balances with high-credit quality and federally insured institutions. However, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents and investment balances may be invested in non-federally insured money market funds, commercial paper and corporate bonds. As of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, there were $274,672$162,967 and $109,186,$274,672, respectively, of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments, a portion of which was invested in non-federally insured money market funds, commercial paper and corporate bonds. See Note (3), “Fair Value Measurement,” for additional information.

(n) Income Taxes
 
The Company records income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period the changes are enacted. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. The Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities (including the impact of available carryback and carryforward periods), projected future taxable income, and tax-planning strategies in making this assessment. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if it is more likely than not that such positions will be sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.
 
4546
Table of Contents
(o) Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
The carrying amounts of the Company’s cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents and investments approximate their respective fair values due to the short-term nature and liquidity of these financial instruments. The fair value of the Company’s equity investment is determined by using prices for identical or similar investments of the same issuer, which is more fully described in Note (3), “Fair Value Measurement.” As it relates to the Company’s 2027 Notes and 2029 Notes (as defined in Note (8) and Note (3), respectively, below), fair value disclosure is detailed in Note (3), “Fair Value Measurement.” See Note (8), “Notes Payable and Credit Agreement,” for additional information. The fair value of the Company’s long-term portion of the Company’s insuranceself-insurance accruals cannot be estimated because the Company cannot reasonably determine the timing of future payments.
 
(p) Share-Based Compensation
 
The Company accounts for its share-based employee compensation plans by expensing the estimated fair value of share-based awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite employee service period, which typically is the vesting period, except for awards granted to retirement-eligible employees, which are expensed on an accelerated basis. Restricted stock units (“RSUs”) typically vest over a three-year period. Share-based compensation cost of RSUs is measured by the market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, and the Company records share-based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest. Performance restricted stock units (“PRSUs”) primarily consist of PRSUs that contain performance conditions dependent on defined targets of the Company’s adjusted EBITDA, with a range of 0% to 200% of the target amount granted to be issued under the award. Share-based compensation cost for these PRSUs is measured by the market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, and the amount recognized is adjusted for estimated achievement of the performance conditions. A limited amount of PRSUs contain a market condition dependent upon the Company’s relative and absolute total stockholder return over a three-year period, with a range of 0% to 175% of the target amount granted to be issued under the award. Share-based compensation cost for these PRSUs is measured using the Monte-Carlo simulation valuation model and is not adjusted for the achievement, or lack thereof, of the market conditions.
 
(q) Net Income per Common Share
Share-based awards to purchase 19, 33 41 and 4341 shares of common stock for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019,2020, respectively, were not included in the calculation of diluted net income per common share because the effect of these instruments was anti-dilutive.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per common share for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019,2020, respectively:
 
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
202120202019 202220212020
Net incomeNet income$327,388 $70,665 $113,988 Net income$444,050 $327,388 $70,665 
Net income per common share - basicNet income per common share - basic$6.87 $1.49 $2.44 Net income per common share - basic$9.96 $6.87 $1.49 
Net income per common share - dilutedNet income per common share - diluted$6.81 $1.48 $2.40 Net income per common share - diluted$9.90 $6.81 $1.48 
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basicWeighted average common shares outstanding - basic47,685 47,424 46,704 Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic44,591 47,685 47,424 
Plus dilutive effect of potential common sharesPlus dilutive effect of potential common shares360 266 889 Plus dilutive effect of potential common shares279 360 266 
Weighted average common shares outstanding - dilutedWeighted average common shares outstanding - diluted48,045 47,690 47,593 Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted44,870 48,045 47,690 

See Note (10), “Capital Stock” for additional information regarding share repurchases that occurred after December 31, 2022.

(r) Segment Information
 
The Company’s operating segments are identified in the same manner as they are reported internally and used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker for the purpose of evaluating performance and allocating resources. Effective March 8, 2020, the Company modified its reportable segments. The Company previously utilized 3 reportable segments, which it identified as follows: (1) nurse and allied solutions, (2) locum tenens solutions, and (3) other workforce solutions. In light of the Company’s recent acquisitions and organizational changes to better align its organizational structure with its strategy and operations, the Company’s management reorganized its reportable segments to better reflect how the business is evaluated by the chief operating decision maker. Beginning in the first quarter of 2020, the Company has disclosed the following 3three reportable segments: (1) nurse and allied solutions, (2) physician and leadership solutions, and (3) technology and workforce solutions. The nurse and allied solutions segment includes the Company’s travel nurse staffing (including international nurse staffing and rapid response nurse staffing
46
andstaffing), labor disruption allied staffing, local staffing, international nurse and allied permanent placement, allied staffing and revenue cycle solutions businesses. The physician and leadership solutions segment includes the Company’s locum tenens staffing, healthcare interim leadership staffing, executive search, and physician
47
Table of Contents
permanent placement businesses. The technology and workforce solutions segment includes the Company’s language services, vendor management systems (“VMS”), workforce optimization, telehealth,virtual care, credentialing solutions, and outsourced solutions businesses.
The Company’s chief operating decision maker relies on internal management reporting processes that provide revenue and operating income by reportable segment for making financial decisions and allocating resources. Segment operating income represents income before income taxes plus depreciation, amortization of intangible assets, share-based compensation, interest expense, net, and other, and unallocated corporate overhead. The Company’s management does not evaluate, manage or measure performance of segments using asset information; accordingly, asset information by segment is not prepared or disclosed.

The following table which includes reclassified amounts for the year ended December 31, 2019 to conform to the new segment reporting structure, provides a reconciliation of revenue and operating income by reportable segment to consolidated results and was derived from each segment’s internal financial information as used for corporate management purposes:
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
202120202019 202220212020
RevenueRevenueRevenue
Nurse and allied solutionsNurse and allied solutions$2,990,103 $1,699,311 $1,562,588 Nurse and allied solutions$3,982,453 $2,990,103 $1,699,311 
Physician and leadership solutionsPhysician and leadership solutions594,243 466,622 562,762 Physician and leadership solutions697,946 594,243 466,622 
Technology and workforce solutionsTechnology and workforce solutions399,889 227,781 96,757 Technology and workforce solutions562,843 399,889 227,781 
$3,984,235 $2,393,714 $2,222,107 $5,243,242 $3,984,235 $2,393,714 
Segment operating incomeSegment operating incomeSegment operating income
Nurse and allied solutionsNurse and allied solutions$461,311 $232,005 $219,862 Nurse and allied solutions$576,226 $461,311 $232,005 
Physician and leadership solutionsPhysician and leadership solutions81,439 62,342 71,378 Physician and leadership solutions92,331 81,439 62,342 
Technology and workforce solutionsTechnology and workforce solutions187,578 93,212 43,899 Technology and workforce solutions299,390 187,578 93,212 
730,328 387,559 335,139 967,947 730,328 387,559 
Unallocated corporate overheadUnallocated corporate overhead123,416 123,642 83,463 Unallocated corporate overhead153,669 123,416 123,642 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization101,152 92,766 58,520 Depreciation and amortization133,007 101,152 92,766 
Depreciation (included in cost of revenue)Depreciation (included in cost of revenue)2,545 1,421 — Depreciation (included in cost of revenue)4,104 2,545 1,421 
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation25,217 20,465 16,241 Share-based compensation30,066 25,217 20,465 
Interest expense, net, and otherInterest expense, net, and other34,077 57,742 28,427 Interest expense, net, and other40,398 34,077 57,742 
Income before income taxesIncome before income taxes$443,921 $91,523 $148,488 Income before income taxes$606,703 $443,921 $91,523 
 
47
The following tables present the Company’s revenue disaggregated by service type:
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Nurse and Allied SolutionsPhysician and Leadership SolutionsTechnology and Workforce SolutionsTotal
Travel nurse staffing$2,912,677 $— $— $2,912,677 
Labor disruption services112,160 — — 112,160 
Local staffing142,724 — — 142,724 
Allied staffing806,491 — — 806,491 
Locum tenens staffing— 428,133 — 428,133 
Interim leadership staffing— 184,819 — 184,819 
Temporary staffing3,974,052 612,952 — 4,587,004 
Permanent placement8,401 84,994 — 93,395 
Language services— — 216,120 216,120 
Vendor management systems— — 265,525 265,525 
Other technologies— — 29,553 29,553 
Technology-enabled services— — 511,198 511,198 
Talent planning and acquisition— — 51,645 51,645 
Total revenue$3,982,453 $697,946 $562,843 $5,243,242 
48
Table of Contents

Year Ended December 31, 2021
Nurse and Allied SolutionsPhysician and Leadership SolutionsTechnology and Workforce SolutionsTotal
Travel nurse staffing$2,168,507 $— $— $2,168,507 
Labor disruption services110,520 — — 110,520 
Local staffing124,977 — — 124,977 
Allied staffing586,099 — — 586,099 
Locum tenens staffing— 352,650 — 352,650 
Interim leadership staffing— 170,236 — 170,236 
Temporary staffing2,990,103 522,886 — 3,512,989 
Permanent placement— 71,357 — 71,357 
Language services— — 180,891 180,891 
Vendor management systems— — 148,532 148,532 
Other technologies— — 29,043 29,043 
Technology-enabled services— — 358,466 358,466 
Talent planning and acquisition— — 41,423 41,423 
Total revenue$2,990,103 $594,243 $399,889 $3,984,235 

Year Ended December 31, 2020
Nurse and Allied SolutionsPhysician and Leadership SolutionsTechnology and Workforce SolutionsTotal
Travel nurse staffing$1,230,396 $— $— $1,230,396 
Labor disruption services7,137 — — 7,137 
Local staffing53,218 — — 53,218 
Allied staffing408,560 — — 408,560 
Locum tenens staffing— 277,428 — 277,428 
Interim leadership staffing— 130,800 — 130,800 
Temporary staffing1,699,311 408,228 — 2,107,539 
Permanent placement— 58,394 — 58,394 
Language services— — 116,054 116,054 
Vendor management systems— — 69,756 69,756 
Other technologies— — 23,557 23,557 
Technology-enabled services— — 209,367 209,367 
Talent planning and acquisition— — 18,414 18,414 
Total revenue$1,699,311 $466,622 $227,781 $2,393,714 

48
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Nurse and Allied SolutionsPhysician and Leadership SolutionsTechnology and Workforce SolutionsTotal
Travel nurse staffing$1,011,336 $— $— $1,011,336 
Labor disruption services36,371 — — 36,371 
Local staffing49,049 — — 49,049 
Allied staffing465,832 — — 465,832 
Locum tenens staffing— 324,654 — 324,654 
Interim leadership staffing— 158,330 — 158,330 
Temporary staffing1,562,588 482,984 — 2,045,572 
Permanent placement— 79,778 — 79,778 
Vendor management systems— — 59,026 59,026 
Other technologies— �� 21,635 21,635 
Technology-enabled services— — 80,661 80,661 
Talent planning and acquisition— — 16,096 16,096 
Total revenue$1,562,588 $562,762 $96,757 $2,222,107 

(s) Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2019-12, “Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” The standard is expected to reduce cost and complexity related to accounting for income taxes. The new guidance eliminates certain exceptions and clarifies and amends existing guidance to promote consistent application among reporting entities. Depending on the amended guidance within this standard, adoption is to be applied on a retrospective, modified retrospective or prospective basis. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2021, and the adoption did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01, “Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815.” The new guidance clarifies the interactions between accounting standards that apply to equity investments without readily determinable fair values. Specifically, it addresses the accounting for the transition into and out of the equity method. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2021 on a prospective basis, and the adoption did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

(2) Acquisitions
As set forth below, the Company completed 5 acquisitions from January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2021. The Company accounted for each acquisition set forth below using the acquisition method of accounting. Accordingly, the Company recorded the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the applicable date of acquisition. Since the applicable date of acquisition, the Company has revised the allocation of the purchase price to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on analysis of information that has been made available through December 31, 2021.2022. The allocations will continue to be updated through the measurement period, if necessary. The goodwill recognized for these acquisitions is attributable to expected growth as the Company leverages its brand and diversifies its services offered to clients, including potential revenue growth and margin expansion. The Company recognizes acquisition-related costs in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Connetics Acquisition
49
Table of Contents
On May 13, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of Connetics Communications, LLC (“Connetics”), which specializes in the direct hire recruitment and permanent placement of international nurse and allied health professionals with healthcare facilities in the United States. The initial purchase price of $78,764 included (1) $70,764 cash consideration paid upon acquisition, funded through cash on hand, and (2) contingent consideration (earn-out payment) of up to $12,500 with an estimated fair value of $8,000 as of the acquisition date. The contingent earn-out payment is based on the operating results of Connetics for the twelve months ending May 31, 2023. The results of Connetics have been included in the Company’s nurse and allied solutions segment since the date of acquisition. During the fourth quarter of 2022, $231 was returned to the Company in respect of the final working capital settlement.
The preliminary allocation of the $78,533 purchase price, which was reduced by the final working capital settlement during the fourth quarter of 2022, consisted of (1) $3,567 of fair value of tangible assets acquired, which included $963 cash received, (2) $8,224 of liabilities assumed, (3) $40,200 of identified intangible assets, and (4) $42,990 of goodwill, of which $34,990 is deductible for tax purposes. The intangible assets acquired have a weighted average useful life of approximately thirteen years. The following table summarizes the fair value and useful life of each intangible asset acquired as of the acquisition date:
Fair ValueUseful Life
(in years)
Identifiable intangible assets
Customer relationships$32,800 15
Staffing database4,200 5
Tradenames and trademarks3,200 5
$40,200 
Synzi and SnapMD Acquisition
On April 7, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Synzi Holdings, Inc. (“Synzi”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, SnapMD, LLC (“SnapMD”). Synzi is a virtual care communication platform that enables organizations to conduct virtual visits and use secure messaging, text, and email for clinician-to-patient and clinician-to-clinician communications. SnapMD is a full-service virtual care management company, specializing in providing software to enable healthcare providers to better engage with their patients. The initial purchase price of $42,240 consisted entirely of cash consideration paid upon acquisition. The acquisition was funded primarily through borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility (as defined below). The results of Synzi and SnapMD have been included in the Company’s technology and workforce solutions segment since the date of acquisition. During the second quarter of 2021, $92 was returned to the Company in respect of the final working capital settlement.
49
The preliminary allocation of the $42,148 purchase price, which was reduced by the final working capital settlement and was finalized during the second quarter of 2022, consisted of (1) $2,790$2,757 of fair value of tangible assets acquired, which included $884 cash received, (2) $275 of liabilities assumed, (3) $12,440 of identified intangible assets, and (4) $27,193$27,226 of goodwill, of which $6,044 is deductible for tax purposes. The provisional items pending finalization are income tax related matters and the assessment of additional information related to determining the fair value of certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The fair value of intangible assets primarily includes $10,890 of developed technology and $1,220 of trademarks with a weighted average useful life of approximately seven years.
Stratus Video Acquisition
On February 14, 2020, the Company completed its acquisition of Stratus Video, a remote video interpreting company that provides healthcare interpretation via remote video, over the phone, and onsite in-person, all supported by proprietary technology platforms. The initial purchase price of $485,568 consisted entirely of cash consideration paid upon acquisition. The acquisition was funded primarily through (1) borrowings under the Company’s $400,000 secured revolving credit facility (the “Senior Credit Facility”), provided for under a credit agreement (the “New Credit Agreement”), and (2) the Second Amendment (as defined in Note (8) below) to the New Credit Agreement, which provided $250,000 of additional available borrowings to the Company. The Senior Credit Facility, New Credit Agreement and Second Amendment are more fully described in Note (8), “Notes Payable and Credit Agreement.” The results of Stratus Video have been included in the Company’s technology and workforce solutions segment since the date of acquisition. During the second quarter of 2020, an additional $99 of cash consideration was paid to the selling shareholders in respect of the final working capital settlement. The Company incurred $11,467 of acquisition-related costs during the year ended December 31, 2020 as a result of its acquisition of Stratus Video.
50
Table of Contents
The allocation of the $485,667 purchase price, which included the additional cash consideration paid for the final working capital settlement and was finalized during the first quarter of 2021, consisted of (1) $44,092 of fair value of tangible assets acquired, which included $9,176 cash received, (2) $56,059 of liabilities assumed, (3) $228,000 of identified intangible assets, and (4) $269,634 of goodwill, of which $10,182 is deductible for tax purposes. The intangible assets acquired have a weighted average useful life of approximately seventeen years. The following table summarizes the fair value and useful life of each intangible asset acquired as of the acquisition date:
Fair ValueUseful Life
(in years)
Identifiable intangible assets
Customer relationships$171,000 20
Tradenames and trademarks40,000 5 - 10
Developed technology16,000 5
Interpreter database1,000 4
$228,000 
During the third quarter of 2020, the Company revised the estimated useful lives for the tradenames and trademarks intangible assets as a result of its plan to rebrand the language interpretation business. Based on this change in circumstances since the date of acquisition, the Company determined that the remaining useful lives of the assets are five years and is amortizing the remaining value on a straight-line basis over the remaining useful life. The Company will continue to evaluate the remaining useful lives of other intangible assets impacted by its brand consolidation efforts.
Approximately $116,054 of revenue and $20,164 of income before income taxes of Stratus Video were included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Pro Forma Financial Information (Unaudited)
The following summary presents unaudited pro forma consolidated results of operations of the Company as if the acquisitionsacquisition of Stratus Video and Advanced (as defined below) had occurred on January 1, 2019, which gives effect to certain adjustments, including acquisition-related costs of $25,311, of which $14,468 wasthat were reclassified from the year ended December 31, 2020 amortization of intangible assets of $15,014, and interest expense of $6,722 forto the year ended December 31, 2019. The unaudited pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of the operating results that would have occurred had the acquisitions been consummated as of the date indicated, nor is it necessarily indicative of the Company’s future
50
operating results.
Years Ended December 31,
20202019
Revenue$2,407,586 $2,383,405 
Income from operations165,196 145,069 
Net income81,422 85,154 
b4health Acquisition
On December 19, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of B4Health, LLC (“b4health”), an innovative technology company and a leading provider of a web-based internal float pool management solution and vendor management system for healthcare facilities. The initial purchase price of $23,006 included (1) $19,906 cash consideration paid upon acquisition and (2) contingent consideration (earn-out payment) of up to $12,000 with an estimated fair value of $3,100 as of the acquisition date. The contingent earn-out payment is based on the operating results of b4health for the twelve months ending December 31, 2020, which was settled in full during the first quarter of 2021. The results of b4health have been included in the Company’s technology and workforce solutions segment since the date of acquisition. During the first quarter of 2020, $66 was returned to the Company in respect of the final working capital settlement.
The allocation of the $22,940 purchase price, which was reduced by the final working capital settlement and finalized during the fourth quarter of 2020, consisted of (1) $1,169 of fair value of tangible assets acquired, which included $222 cash received, (2) $823 of liabilities assumed, (3) $9,000 of identified intangible assets, and (4) $13,594 of goodwill, all of which is deductible for tax purposes. The fair value of intangible assets includes $3,000 of developed technology, $4,000 of customer relationships, and $2,000 of trademarks with a weighted average useful life of approximately seven years.
Advanced Acquisition
On June 14, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of Advanced Medical Personnel Services, Inc. (“Advanced”), a national healthcare staffing company that specializes in placing therapists and nurses across multiple settings. The initial purchase price of $211,743 included (1) $201,121 cash consideration paid upon acquisition and (2) contingent consideration (earn-out payment) of up to $20,000 with an estimated fair value of $10,622 as of the acquisition date. The contingent earn-out payment is based on the operating results of Advanced for the twelve months ending December 31, 2019, which was settled in full during the first quarter of 2020. The acquisition was funded primarily through (1) borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility and (2) the First Amendment (as defined in Note (8) below) to the New Credit Agreement, which provided $150,000 of additional available borrowings to the Company. The results of Advanced have been included in the Company’s nurse and allied solutions segment since the date of acquisition. During the third quarter of 2019, an additional $73 of cash consideration was paid to the selling shareholders in respect of the final working capital settlement.
The allocation of the $211,816 purchase price, which included the additional cash consideration paid for the final working capital settlement and was finalized during the second quarter of 2020, consisted of (1) $29,020 of fair value of tangible assets acquired, which included $2,497 cash and restricted cash received, (2) $28,772 of liabilities assumed, (3) $91,700 of identified intangible assets, and (4) $119,868 of goodwill, of which $57,236 is deductible for tax purposes. The intangible assets acquired have a weighted average useful life of approximately nine years. The following table summarizes the fair value and useful life of each intangible asset acquired:
Fair ValueUseful Life
(in years)
Identifiable intangible assets
Customer relationships$68,000 10
Tradenames and trademarks10,000 5
Staffing database10,300 10
Developed technology3,400 3
$91,700 
51
Silversheet Acquisition
On January 30, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of Silversheet, Inc. (“Silversheet”), which provides innovative software and services to reduce the complexities and challenges of the credentialing process for clinicians and healthcare organizations. The initial purchase price of $31,676 included (1) $30,176 cash consideration paid upon acquisition, funded primarily through borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility, and (2) contingent consideration (earn-out payment) of up to $25,000 with an estimated fair value of $1,500 as of the acquisition date. The contingent earn-out payment is based on (A) up to $6,000 based on the operating results of Silversheet for the twelve months ending December 31, 2019, which resulted in no earn-out payment, and (B) up to $19,000 based on the operating results of Silversheet for the twelve months ending December 31, 2020, which resulted in no earn-out payment. The results of Silversheet have been included in the Company’s technology and workforce solutions segment since the date of acquisition.
The allocation of the $31,676 purchase price, which was finalized during the first quarter of 2020, consisted of (1) $2,826 of fair value of tangible assets acquired, which included $651 cash received, (2) $1,567 of liabilities assumed, (3) $6,880 of identified intangible assets, and (4) $23,537 of goodwill, none of which is deductible for tax purposes. The fair value of intangible assets primarily includes $5,300 of developed technology and $1,500 of trademarks with a weighted average useful life of approximately eight years.
Year Ended December 31,
2020
Revenue$2,407,586 
Income from operations165,196 
Net income81,422 

(3) Fair Value Measurement
 
Fair value represents the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. When determining fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would conduct a transaction, in addition to the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the related assets or liabilities, including non-performance risk.

A three-level hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value and requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
 
Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
 
Level 2—Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
 
Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
51
Table of Contents

Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis
 
The Company’s restrictedCompany invests a portion of its cash and cash equivalents that serve as collateral for the Company’s outstanding letters of credit typically consist ofin non-federally insured money market funds that are measured at fair value based on quoted prices, which are Level 1 inputs.

The Company’s obligation under its deferred compensation plan is measured at fair value based on quoted market prices of the participants’ elected investments, which are Level 1 inputs. The deferred compensation plan is more fully described in Note (9), “Retirement Plans.”

The Company’s restricted cash equivalents and investments that serve as collateral for the Company’s captive insurance company include commercial paper that is measured at observable market prices for identical securities that are traded in less active markets, which are Level 2 inputs. The Company’sFrom time to time, the Company invests a portion of its cash and cash equivalents also includein commercial paper classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Of the $31,536 commercial paper issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022, none had original maturities greater than three months. Of the $80,596 commercial paper issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021, none had original maturities greater than three months and were considered available-for-sale securities. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had $58,345 commercial paper issued and outstanding, of which $25,196 had original maturities greater than three months and were considered available-for-sale securities.months.

The Company’s restricted cash equivalents and investments that serve as collateral for the Company’s captive insurance company also include corporate bonds that are measured using readily available pricing sources that utilize observable market data, including the current interest rate for comparable instruments, which are Level 2 inputs. OfAs of December 31, 2022, the Company had $25,095 corporate bonds issued and outstanding, all of which had original maturities greater than three months and were considered available-for-sale securities. As of December 31, 2021,the Company had $29,159 corporate bonds issued and outstanding, as of December 31, 2021,which $27,958 had original maturities greater than three months whichand were considered available-for-sale securities. The Company did not have corporate bonds as of December 31, 2020.
52

The fair value of our available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2021,2022, by remaining contractual maturities, are presented in the following table:
 Fair Value
Due in one year or less$5,5289,809 
Due after one year through five years22,43015,286 
$27,95825,095 

Expected maturities may differ from stated due dates because borrowers may have the ability to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

The Company’s contingent consideration liabilities are measured at fair value using probability-weighted discounted cash flow analysis or a simulation-based methodology for the acquired companies, which are Level 3 inputs. The Company recognizes changes to the fair value of its contingent consideration liabilities in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
The following tables present information about the above-referenced assets and liabilities and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value:
Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2021 Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2022Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2021
Assets (Liabilities)Assets (Liabilities)TotalQuoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)		Assets (Liabilities)
Level 1
Level 2		Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Money market fundsMoney market funds$91,454 $91,454 $— $— Money market funds$36,895 $— $— $36,895 $91,454 $— $— $91,454 
Deferred compensationDeferred compensation(119,617)(119,617)— — Deferred compensation(128,465)— — (128,465)(119,617)— — (119,617)
Corporate bondsCorporate bonds29,159 — 29,159 — Corporate bonds— 25,095 — 25,095 — 29,159 — 29,159 
Commercial paperCommercial paper80,596 — 80,596 — Commercial paper— 31,536 — 31,536 — 80,596 — 80,596 
Acquisition contingent consideration liabilitiesAcquisition contingent consideration liabilities— — (5,070)(5,070)— — — — 
52
Table of Contents                        
 Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2020
Assets (Liabilities)TotalQuoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Money market funds$2,198 $2,198 $— $— 
Deferred compensation(97,184)(97,184)— — 
Commercial paper58,345 — 58,345 — 
Acquisition contingent consideration liabilities(8,000)— — (8,000)
Level 3 Information
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of changes in the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy:
 20212020
Balance as of January 1,$(8,000)$(23,100)
Settlement of Advanced contingent consideration liability for year ended December 31, 2019— 20,000 
Settlement of b4health contingent consideration liability for year ended December 31, 20208,000 — 
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liability from b4health acquisition— (4,900)
Balance as of December 31,$— $(8,000)

As of December 31, 2020, the fair value measurement of contingent consideration liability for b4health was based on actual operating results of the acquired company.
 20222021
Balance as of January 1,$— $(8,000)
Settlement of b4health contingent consideration liability for year ended December 31, 2020— 8,000 
Contingent consideration liability from Connetics acquisition on May 13, 2022(8,000)— 
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liability from Connetics acquisition2,930 — 
Balance as of December 31,$(5,070)$— 

Assets Measured on a Non-Recurring Basis
 
The Company applies fair value techniques on a non-recurring basis associated with valuing potential impairment losses related to its goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets, long-lived assets, and equity investments.
53
The Company evaluates goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets annually for impairment and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that an impairment exists. The Company determines the fair value of its reporting units based on a combination of inputs, including the market capitalization of the Company, as well as Level 3 inputs such as discounted cash flows, which are not observable from the market, directly or indirectly. The Company determines the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets using the income approach (relief-from-royalty method) based on Level 3 inputs.
The Company’s equity investment represents an investment in a non-controlled corporation without a readily determinable market value. The Company has elected to measure the investment at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes. The fair value is determined by using quoted prices for identical or similar investments of the same issuer, which are Level 2 inputs, and other information available to the Company such as the rights and obligations of the securities. The Company recognizes changes to the fair value of its equity investment in interest expense, net, and other in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The balance of the equity investment was $22,633$19,204 and $15,449$22,633 as of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively.

There were no triggering events identified, no indication of impairment of the Company’s goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets, or long-lived assets or equity investments, and no impairment charges recorded for the aforementioned assets during the three years ended December 31, 20212022 requiring such measurements.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company is required to disclose the fair value of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate the value, even though these instruments are not recognized at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of the Company’s 2027 Notes (as defined in Note (8) below) and 4.000% senior notes due 2029 (the “2029 Notes”) was estimated using quoted market prices in active markets for identical liabilities, which are Level 1 inputs. The carrying amounts and estimated fair value of the 2027 Notes and the 2029 Notes, which are more fully described in Note (8), “Notes Payable and Credit Agreement,” are presented in the following table:
As of December 31, 2021As of December 31, 2020As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2021
Carrying
Amount		Estimated
Fair Value		Carrying
Amount		Estimated
Fair Value		Carrying
Amount		Estimated
Fair Value		Carrying
Amount		Estimated
Fair Value
2027 Notes2027 Notes500,000 517,500 500,000 521,250 2027 Notes$500,000 $460,000 $500,000 $517,500 
2029 Notes2029 Notes350,000 353,500 350,000 357,000 2029 Notes350,000 300,125 350,000 353,500 
The fair value of the Company’s long-term self-insurance accruals cannot be estimated as the Company cannot reasonably determine the timing of future payments.

53
Table of Contents
(4) Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets 
As of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, the Company had the following acquired intangible assets:
 
As of December 31, 2021As of December 31, 2020 As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2021
Gross
Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Net
Carrying
Amount		Gross
Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Net
Carrying
Amount		 Gross
Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Net
Carrying
Amount		Gross
Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Net
Carrying
Amount
Intangible assets subject to amortization:Intangible assets subject to amortization:Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Staffing databasesStaffing databases$36,836 $(19,857)$16,979 $36,836 $(16,706)$20,130 Staffing databases$41,036 $(24,784)$16,252 $36,836 $(19,857)$16,979 
Customer relationshipsCustomer relationships445,169 (150,255)294,914 444,839 (122,105)322,734 Customer relationships478,122 (179,795)298,327 445,169 (150,255)294,914 
Tradenames and trademarksTradenames and trademarks256,889 (81,522)175,367 166,269 (58,299)107,970 Tradenames and trademarks260,140 (121,576)138,564 256,889 (81,522)175,367 
Non-compete agreementsNon-compete agreements6,495 (4,621)1,874 6,371 (3,402)2,969 Non-compete agreements7,555 (6,035)1,520 6,495 (4,621)1,874 
Acquired technologyAcquired technology47,320 (21,994)25,326 36,430 (14,722)21,708 Acquired technology51,306 (29,137)22,169 47,320 (21,994)25,326 
$792,709 $(278,249)$514,460 $690,745 $(215,234)$475,511 $838,159 $(361,327)$476,832 $792,709 $(278,249)$514,460 
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
Tradenames and trademarks$— $89,400 
$514,460 $564,911 
 
54
As a result of recent developments in its brand consolidation efforts, the Company reassessed the useful lives of its tradenames and trademarks intangible assets during the fourth quarter of 2021. This assessment included tradenames and trademarks related to the Company's locums tenens, interim leadership, local staffing, physician permanent placement, allied, and VMS businesses. As a result, the Company concluded (a) that the useful lives for $89,400 of tradenames and trademarks that were previously not subject to amortization were no longer considered to be indefinite and (b) to revise the estimated useful lives for $19,766 of tradenames and trademarks. Prior to assigning useful lives to the previously indefinite-lived intangible assets, the Company tested the assets for impairment, concluding that they were not impaired. Effective December 31, 2021, these tradenames and trademarks intangible assets were assigned a weighted average useful life of approximately six years and theyears. The Company will amortizeis amortizing their carrying values on a straight-line basis over the remaining useful lives.

Aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets was $63,015$83,078 and $63,817$63,015 for the years ended December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. Based on the currentnet carrying amount of intangiblesintangible assets subject to amortization, the estimated future amortization expense as of December 31, 20212022 is as follows:
 
 Amount
Year ending December 31, 20222023$79,001 
Year ending December 31, 202377,33386,525 
Year ending December 31, 202470,78376,029 
Year ending December 31, 202557,77260,131 
Year ending December 31, 202648,05051,538 
Year ending December 31, 202749,022 
Thereafter181,521153,587 
$514,460476,832 
In connection with the reorganization of its reportable segments effective March 8, 2020, the Company reassigned the goodwill balances to the reporting units, the composition of which changed under the reorganized reportable segments, using the relative fair value reallocation approach. The Company performed a goodwill impairment test at the reporting unit level both immediately before and after the reorganization. The Company determined the fair values of its reporting units using a combination of the income approach (using discounted future cash flows) and the market valuation approach. Based on the results of this testing, the Company determined that the fair values of its reporting units were each greater than their respective carrying values both before and after the reorganization. Therefore, there was no impairment loss recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020.
The following table which includes reclassified prior period amounts to conform to the new segment reporting structure, summarizes the activity related to the carrying value of goodwill by reportable segment:
Nurse and Allied
Solutions		Physician and Leadership
Solutions		Technology and Workforce SolutionsTotal
Balance, January 1, 2020$344,316 $163,348 $87,887 $595,551 
Goodwill adjustment for Advanced acquisition29 — — 29 
Goodwill adjustment for b4health acquisition— — (66)(66)
Goodwill from Stratus Video acquisition— — 268,971 268,971 
Reallocation due to change in segments(5,330)(10,548)15,878 — 
Balance, December 31, 2020339,015 152,800 372,670 864,485 
Goodwill adjustment for Stratus Video acquisition— — 663 663 
Goodwill from Synzi and SnapMD acquisition— — 27,193 27,193 
Balance, December 31, 2021$339,015 $152,800 $400,526 $892,341 
Accumulated impairment loss as of December 31, 2020 and 2021$154,444 $60,495 $— $214,939 
Nurse and Allied
Solutions		Physician and Leadership
Solutions		Technology and Workforce SolutionsTotal
Balance, January 1, 2021$339,015 $152,800 $372,670 $864,485 
Goodwill adjustment for Stratus Video acquisition— — 663 663 
Goodwill from Synzi and SnapMD acquisition— — 27,193 27,193 
Balance, December 31, 2021339,015 152,800 400,526 892,341 
Goodwill adjustment for Synzi and SnapMD acquisition— — 33 33 
Goodwill from Connetics acquisition42,990 — — 42,990 
Balance, December 31, 2022$382,005 $152,800 $400,559 $935,364 
Accumulated impairment loss as of December 31, 2021 and 2022$154,444 $60,495 $— $214,939 

5554
Table of Contents
(5) Leases

The Company leases certain office facilities, data centers, and equipment under various operating leases. The Company’s short-term leases (with initial lease terms of 12 months or less) are primarily related to housing arrangements for healthcare professionals on assignment. Most leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term up to 10 years. Certain leases also include options to terminate the leases within 2 years.

During the third quarter of 2021, the Company entered into an arrangement to terminate the lease agreement (as amended to date) for its office space in San Diego. The termination will occur in 2two phases: the first phase terminatesterminated the Company’s right to use certain floors effective February 28, 2022 and the second phase reduces the remaining lease term to December 31, 2024 from its original termination date of July 31, 2027. As a result of the arrangement, which was accounted for as a modification, the Company paid a termination fee of $17,000, remeasured the lease liability using its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate, and recorded decreases to its operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets of $27,340 during the third quarter of 2021. Prior to the modification, the total remaining lease payments for this office lease were $62,487. Under the modified lease terms, the total remaining lease payments (excluding the termination fee paid during the third quarter of 2021) were $9,564 as of the modification date.

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement for an office building located in Dallas, Texas, with future undiscounted lease payments of approximately $29,514, excluding lease incentives. Because the Company does not control the underlying asset during the construction period, the Company is not considered the owner of the asset under construction for accounting purposes. The lease will commence upon completion of the construction of the office building which is expected be near the end of the first quarter of 2023. The initial term of the lease is approximately 11 years with options to renew the lease during the lease term. A right-of-use asset and lease liability will be recognized in the consolidated balance sheet in the period the lease commences.

The components of lease expense were as follows:
Years Ended December 31,Years Ended December 31,
202120202019202220212020
Operating lease costOperating lease cost$23,495 $20,176 $18,725 Operating lease cost$16,439 $23,495 20,176 
Short-term lease costShort-term lease cost6,056 8,702 20,112 Short-term lease cost5,787 6,056 8,702 
Variable and other lease costVariable and other lease cost2,485 2,526 2,880 Variable and other lease cost3,129 2,485 2,526 
Net lease costNet lease cost$32,036 $31,404 $41,717 Net lease cost$25,355 $32,036 $31,404 

The maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 20212022 were as follows:

Operating Leases
Years ending December 31,
2022$11,867 
20236,468 
20245,348 
20251,876 
2026112 
Thereafter— 
Total lease payments25,671 
Less imputed interest(924)
Present value of lease liabilities$24,747 

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:

Years Ended December 31,
202120202019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities (operating cash flows)$39,865 $20,052 $17,817 
Operating Leases
Year ending December 31, 2023$8,501 
Year ending December 31, 20246,695 
Year ending December 31, 20252,741 
Year ending December 31, 2026112 
Year ending December 31, 2027— 
Thereafter— 
Total lease payments18,049 
Less imputed interest(599)
Present value of lease liabilities$17,450 

The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate as of December 31, 20212022 and 20202021 were as follows:
December 31,December 31,
2021202020222021
Weighted average remaining lease termWeighted average remaining lease term3 years6 yearsWeighted average remaining lease term2 years3 years
Weighted average discount rateWeighted average discount rate2.6 %4.8 %Weighted average discount rate3.1 %2.6 %

5655
Table of Contents
(6) Balance Sheet Details
 
The consolidated balance sheets detail is as follows:
 
December 31, December 31,
20212020 20222021
Other current assets:Other current assets:Other current assets:
Restricted cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash and cash equivalents$29,262 $18,626 Restricted cash and cash equivalents$37,225 $29,262 
Income taxes receivableIncome taxes receivable8,875 — 
Other Other37,568 22,183 Other19,937 37,568 
Other current assetsOther current assets$66,830 $40,809 Other current assets$66,037 $66,830 
Prepaid expenses:Prepaid expenses:Prepaid expenses:
Prepaid payroll deposits Prepaid payroll deposits$60,014 $— Prepaid payroll deposits$— $60,014 
Other Other12,446 13,629 Other18,708 12,446 
Current assets$72,460 $13,629 
Prepaid expensesPrepaid expenses$18,708 $72,460 
Fixed assets:Fixed assets:Fixed assets:
Furniture and equipmentFurniture and equipment$43,134 $47,355 Furniture and equipment$51,408 $43,134 
SoftwareSoftware265,137 220,971 Software323,418 265,137 
Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements8,797 9,600 Leasehold improvements2,067 8,797 
317,068 277,926 376,893 317,068 
Accumulated depreciationAccumulated depreciation(189,954)(161,752)Accumulated depreciation(227,617)(189,954)
Fixed assets, netFixed assets, net$127,114 $116,174 Fixed assets, net$149,276 $127,114 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses:Accounts payable and accrued expenses:Accounts payable and accrued expenses:
Trade accounts payableTrade accounts payable$77,325 $28,089 Trade accounts payable$78,057 $77,325 
Subcontractor payableSubcontractor payable261,689 79,364 Subcontractor payable295,259 261,689 
Accrued expensesAccrued expenses61,220 37,849 Accrued expenses73,885 61,220 
Loss contingenciesLoss contingencies10,400 7,613 Loss contingencies14,638 10,400 
Professional liability reserveProfessional liability reserve7,127 8,897 Professional liability reserve7,756 7,127 
OtherOther7,496 6,069 Other6,857 7,496 
Accounts payable and accrued expensesAccounts payable and accrued expenses$425,257 $167,881 Accounts payable and accrued expenses$476,452 $425,257 
Accrued compensation and benefits:Accrued compensation and benefits:Accrued compensation and benefits:
Accrued payrollAccrued payroll$98,817 $59,721 Accrued payroll$63,857 $98,817 
Accrued bonuses and commissionsAccrued bonuses and commissions105,155 34,514 Accrued bonuses and commissions96,760 105,155 
Accrued travel expenseAccrued travel expense3,058 1,998 Accrued travel expense2,033 3,058 
Health insurance reserveHealth insurance reserve6,041 5,590 Health insurance reserve7,790 6,041 
Workers compensation reserveWorkers compensation reserve12,384 10,244 Workers compensation reserve12,113 12,384 
Deferred compensationDeferred compensation119,617 97,184 Deferred compensation128,465 119,617 
OtherOther9,309 4,163 Other22,226 9,309 
Accrued compensation and benefitsAccrued compensation and benefits$354,381 $213,414 Accrued compensation and benefits$333,244 $354,381 
Other current liabilities:Other current liabilities:Other current liabilities:
Income taxes payableIncome taxes payable$21,162 $— Income taxes payable$— $21,162 
Acquisition related liabilitiesAcquisition related liabilities— 8,000 Acquisition related liabilities5,070 — 
Client depositsClient deposits141,102 1,636 Client deposits21,466 141,102 
OtherOther155 1,302 Other1,786 155 
Other current liabilitiesOther current liabilities$162,419 $10,938 Other current liabilities$28,322 $162,419 
Other long-term liabilities:
Workers compensation reserve$24,130 $20,930 
Professional liability reserve34,544 31,997 
Unrecognized tax benefits4,633 5,447 
Other33,682 49,533 
Other long-term liabilities$96,989 $107,907 
56
Table of Contents
 December 31,
 20222021
Other long-term liabilities:
Workers compensation reserve$23,841 $24,130 
Professional liability reserve36,214 34,544 
Unrecognized tax benefits8,372 4,633 
Other42,779 33,682 
Other long-term liabilities$111,206 $96,989 

57
Table of Contents
(7) Income Taxes
 
The provision for income taxes from operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 20192020 consists of the following:
 
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
202120202019 202220212020
Current income taxes:Current income taxes:Current income taxes:
FederalFederal$98,795 $32,673 $25,255 Federal$145,217 $98,795 $32,673 
StateState34,025 9,813 8,332 State42,051 34,025 9,813 
TotalTotal132,820 42,486 33,587 Total187,268 132,820 42,486 
Deferred income taxes:Deferred income taxes:Deferred income taxes:
FederalFederal(12,992)(15,092)625 Federal(20,173)(12,992)(15,092)
StateState(3,295)(6,536)288 State(4,442)(3,295)(6,536)
TotalTotal(16,287)(21,628)913 Total(24,615)(16,287)(21,628)
Provision for income taxes from operationsProvision for income taxes from operations$116,533 $20,858 $34,500 Provision for income taxes from operations$162,653 $116,533 $20,858 
The Company’s income tax expense differs from the amount that would have resulted from applying the federal statutory rate of 21% for 2022, 2021 2020 and 20192020 to pretax income from operations because of the effect of the following items during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019:2020:
 
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
202120202019 202220212020
Tax expense at federal statutory rateTax expense at federal statutory rate$93,223 $19,220 $31,253 Tax expense at federal statutory rate$127,390 $93,223 $19,220 
State taxes, net of federal benefitState taxes, net of federal benefit23,990 4,161 6,810 State taxes, net of federal benefit29,711 23,990 4,161 
Non-deductible expensesNon-deductible expenses— 3,621 3,840 Non-deductible expenses— — 3,621 
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation(1,460)(2,311)(4,770)Share-based compensation(2,383)(1,460)(2,311)
Unrecognized tax benefitUnrecognized tax benefit(680)(78)(207)Unrecognized tax benefit3,245 (680)(78)
Other, netOther, net1,460 (3,755)(2,426)Other, net4,690 1,460 (3,755)
Income tax expense from operationsIncome tax expense from operations$116,533 $20,858 $34,500 Income tax expense from operations$162,653 $116,533 $20,858 
58
Table of Contents
Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year’s presentation of deferred tax assets in order to conform to the current year presentation. There is no change to the prior year total deferred tax assets. The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented below as of December 31, 20212022 and 2020:2021:
 
December 31, December 31,
2021202020222021
Deferred tax assets:Deferred tax assets:Deferred tax assets:
Stock compensation$6,954 $6,198 
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation$7,556 $6,954 
Deferred compensationDeferred compensation30,513 24,604 Deferred compensation32,962 30,513 
Accrued bonusAccrued bonus24,636 7,607 Accrued bonus22,437 24,636 
Accrued payroll taxesAccrued payroll taxes6,427 12,445 Accrued payroll taxes— 6,427 
Accrued expensesAccrued expenses19,899 13,371 Accrued expenses30,178 19,899 
Operating lease liabilitiesOperating lease liabilities6,472 23,826 Operating lease liabilities4,532 6,472 
Net operating lossesNet operating losses8,815 9,557 Net operating losses5,803 8,815 
Loss contingenciesLoss contingencies8,528 6,459 Loss contingencies10,857 8,528 
Workers compensation insuranceWorkers compensation insurance6,476 4,814 Workers compensation insurance6,661 6,476 
OtherOther2,731 989 Other3,749 2,731 
Total deferred tax assetsTotal deferred tax assets$121,451 $109,870 Total deferred tax assets$124,735 $121,451 
Deferred tax liabilities:Deferred tax liabilities:Deferred tax liabilities:
IntangiblesIntangibles$(126,535)$(126,833)Intangibles$(114,967)$(126,535)
Fixed assetsFixed assets(28,824)(25,252)Fixed assets(21,739)(28,824)
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOperating lease right-of-use assets(7,269)(19,933)Operating lease right-of-use assets(4,228)(7,269)
OtherOther(6,637)(5,057)Other(6,514)(6,637)
Total deferred tax liabilitiesTotal deferred tax liabilities$(169,265)$(177,075)Total deferred tax liabilities$(147,448)$(169,265)
Net deferred tax liabilitiesNet deferred tax liabilities$(47,814)$(67,205)Net deferred tax liabilities$(22,713)$(47,814)
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of its deferred tax assets.
 
The amount of federal net operating losses (“NOL”) carryforward that is available for use in years subsequent to December 31, 20212022 is $35,046,$27,321, primarily related to the Stratus Video acquisition,and Synzi acquisitions, which begins to expire by 2030. The amount of state NOL carryforward that is available for use in years subsequent to December 31, 20212022 is $29,437,$617, primarily related to the Stratus Video and Synzi acquisitions, which begins to expire by 2022.expires in 2039. The Stratus Video and Synzi acquisitions are more fully described in Note (2), “Acquisitions.”
A summary of the changes in the amount of unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties) for 2022, 2021 2020 and 20192020 is as follows:
 
202120202019202220212020
Beginning balance of unrecognized tax benefitsBeginning balance of unrecognized tax benefits$4,916 $4,937 $4,393 Beginning balance of unrecognized tax benefits$4,067 $4,916 $4,937 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current yearAdditions based on tax positions related to the current year504 667 588 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year1,464 504 667 
Additions based on tax positions of prior yearsAdditions based on tax positions of prior years— 255 990 Additions based on tax positions of prior years1,966 — 255 
Reductions for tax positions of prior yearsReductions for tax positions of prior years(301)— — Reductions for tax positions of prior years— (301)— 
Reductions due to lapse of applicable statute of limitationReductions due to lapse of applicable statute of limitation(1,052)(943)(1,034)Reductions due to lapse of applicable statute of limitation(517)(1,052)(943)
Ending balance of unrecognized tax benefitsEnding balance of unrecognized tax benefits$4,067 $4,916 $4,937 Ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits$6,980 $4,067 $4,916 
 
At December 31, 2021,2022, if recognized, approximately $3,936$7,181 net of $697$1,191 of temporary differences would affect the effective tax rate (including interest and penalties).
 
The Company recognizes interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company had approximately $1,390, $564 $530 and $493$530 of accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019,2020, respectively. The amount of interest expense recognized in 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $826, $34 and 2019 was $34, $37, and $26, respectively.

59
Table of Contents
The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and various states and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, as of December 31, 2021,2022, the Company is no longer subject to state, local or foreign examinations by tax authorities for tax years before 2011, and the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal income or payroll tax examinations for tax years before 2018. Prior to the Company’s acquisition of Advanced, on June 14, 2019, Advanced was under an IRS audit for the years 2011-2013 for various payroll tax matters related to the treatment of certain non-taxable per diem allowances and travel benefits. This audit was completed and an assessment was issued for $8,300 in July 2018. The Company received a final determination from the IRS in November 2019 for $1,300. The Company is indemnified by Advanced for the potential contingent liability for all pre-acquisition open years. The Advanced acquisition is more fully described in Note (2), “Acquisitions.”2019.

The Company believes its reserveliability for unrecognized tax benefits and contingent tax issues is adequate with respect to all open years. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company could adjust its provision for income taxes and contingent tax liability based on future developments.

CARES Act

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was enacted and signed into law in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Among other things, the CARES Act contains significant business tax provisions, including a deferral of payment of employer payroll taxes and an employer retention credit for employer payroll taxes.

The Company deferred payment of the employer’s share of payroll taxes of $48,452. Approximately half of such taxes was paid during the fourth quarter of 2021 which was included in accrued compensation and benefits in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020, and the other half is to beremaining balance was paid byduring the endfourth quarter of 2022, which is included in accrued compensation and benefits and other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.2022. The Company claimed an employee retention employment tax credit of $1,756.$1,756 during 2020 and 2021.

(8) Notes Payable and Credit Agreement

(a) The Company’s Credit Agreement and Related Credit Facilities
On February 9, 2018, the Company entered into the New Credit Agreement with several lenders to provide for the $400,000 Senior Credit Facility to replace its then-existing credit facilities. On June 14, 2019, the Company entered into the first amendment to the New Credit Agreement (the “First Amendment”) to provide for, among other things, a $150,000 secured term loan credit facility (the “Term Loan”). The Company used the proceeds from the Term Loan, together with a drawdown of a portion of the Senior Credit Facility, to complete its acquisition of Advanced, as more fully described in Note (2), “Acquisitions.” The Company fully repaid all amounts under the Term Loan in 2019.

On February 14, 2020, the Company entered into the second amendment to the New Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) to provide for, among other things, a $250,000 secured term loan credit facility (the “Additional Term Loan”). The Second Amendment (together with the New Credit Agreement and the First Amendment, collectively, the “Amended Credit Agreement”) extended the maturity date of the Senior Credit Facility to beFebruary 14, 2025, which was coterminous with the Additional Term Loan. The obligations of the Company under the Amended Credit Agreement are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company. The Company used the proceeds from the Additional Term Loan, together with a drawdown of a portion of the Senior Credit Facility, to complete its acquisition of Stratus Video, as more fully described in Note (2), “Acquisitions.” The Additional Term Loan was subject to amortization of principal of 2.50% per year for the first year of the term and 5.00% per year thereafter, payable in equal quarterly installments. The Company fully repaid all amounts under the Additional Term Loan in the first quarter of 2021.

In connection with the Second Amendment, the Company incurred $4,144 in fees paid to lenders and other third parties, which were capitalized and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Senior Credit Facilities (as defined below).Facility. In addition, $1,681 of unamortized financing fees incurred in connection with obtaining the New Credit Agreement and First Amendment will continue to be amortized to interest expense over the term of the Senior Credit Facilities.Facility.
On February 10, 2023, the Company entered into the third amendment to the New Credit Agreement (the “Third Amendment”). The Third Amendment (together with the New Credit Agreement, the First Amendment and the Second Amendment, collectively, the “Amended Credit Agreement”) provides for, among other things, the following: (i) an extension of the maturity date of the Senior Credit Facility to February 10, 2028, (ii) an increase to the Senior Credit Facility to $750,000, and (iii) a transition from LIBOR to a SOFR-based interest rate. The obligations of the Company under the Amended Credit Agreement are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company.
Borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility (together with the Additional Term Loan, collectively, the “Credit Facilities”) bearsbear interest at floating rates, at the Company’s option, based upon either LIBORSOFR plus a spread of 1.00% to 1.75% or a base rate plus a spread of 0.00% to 0.75%. The applicable spread is determined quarterly based upon the Company’s consolidated net leverage ratio (as calculated per the Amended Credit Agreement). The Additional Term Loan was subject to amortization of principal of 2.50% per year for the first year of the term and 5.00% per year thereafter, payable in equal quarterly installments. The Senior Credit Facility, which includes a $75,000$125,000 sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit and a $75,000 sublimit for swingline loans, is available for working capital, capital expenditures, permitted acquisitions and general corporate purposes. The maturity dateAt February 10, 2023, $45,000 was drawn in the ordinary course of the Credit Facilities is February 14, 2025.
60
At December 31, 2021, with $21,408 of outstanding letters of credit collateralized by the Senior Credit Facility,business and there was $378,592$683,592 of available credit under the Senior Credit Facility.
60
Table of Contents

(b) The Company’s 4.625% Senior Notes Due 2027
On August 13, 2020, the Company completed the issuance of an additional $200,000 aggregate principal amount of 4.625% senior notes due 2027 (the “New 2027 Notes”), which were issued at a price of 101.000% of the aggregate principal amount. The New 2027 Notes were issued pursuant to the existing indenture, dated as of October 1, 2019, under which the Company previously issued $300,000 aggregate principal amount of 4.625% senior notes due 2027 (the “Existing 2027 Notes” and together with the New 2027 Notes, the “2027 Notes”). The New 2027 Notes will beare being treated as a single series with the Existing 2027 Notes and will have the same terms (other than issue price, issue date and the date from which interest accrues) as those of the Existing 2027 Notes. The 2027 Notes are unsecured obligations of the Company and the interest is fixed at 4.625% and payable semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year, commencing October 1, 2020 with respect to the New 2027 Notes. The aggregate principal amount of the 2027 Notes matures on October 1, 2027.
With proceeds from the New 2027 Notes and cash on hand, the Company (1) repaid $200,000 of its indebtedness under the Additional Term Loan and (2) paid $2,620 of fees and expenses related to the issuance of the New 2027 Notes, which were recorded as a reduction of the notes payable balance and are being amortized to interest expense over the remaining term of the 2027 Notes.

(c) The Company’s 4.000% Senior Notes Due 2029
On October 20, 2020, the Company completed the issuance of $350,000 aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes, which mature on April 15, 2029. The 2029 Notes are unsecured obligations of the Company and the interest is fixed at 4.000% and payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, commencing April 15, 2021. With the proceeds from the 2029 Notes and cash generated from operations, the Company (1) redeemed all of its outstanding $325,000 aggregate principal amount of the 5.125% senior notes due 2024 (the “2024 Notes”) on November 4, 2020, (2) paid $9,857 consisting of the associated redemption premium and accrued and unpaid interest on the 2024 Notes, (3) repaid $40,000 under the Senior Credit Facility and (4) incurred $4,744 in fees and expenses related to the issuance and sale of the 2029 Notes, which were recorded as a reduction of the notes payable balance and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2029 Notes. In addition, the Company wrote off $2,992 of unamortized financing fees incurred in connection with the issuance of the 2024 Notes, which was recognized in interest expense, net, and other in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2020.
(d) Debt Balances

Outstanding debt balances as of December 31, 20212022 and 20202021 consisted of the following:
As of December 31,As of December 31,
2021202020222021
Additional Term Loan$— $21,875 
2027 Notes2027 Notes500,000 500,000 2027 Notes$500,000 $500,000 
2029 Notes2029 Notes350,000 350,000 2029 Notes350,000 350,000 
Total debt outstandingTotal debt outstanding850,000 871,875 Total debt outstanding850,000 850,000 
Less unamortized fees and premiumLess unamortized fees and premium(7,678)(9,226)Less unamortized fees and premium(6,495)(7,678)
Less current portion of notes payable— (4,688)
Long-term portion of notes payableLong-term portion of notes payable$842,322 $857,961 Long-term portion of notes payable$843,505 $842,322 
At December 31, 2022, with $21,408 of outstanding letters of credit collateralized by the Senior Credit Facility, there was $378,592 of available credit under the Senior Credit Facility.
(e) Letters of Credit
 
At December 31, 2021,2022, the Company maintained outstanding standby letters of credit totaling $23,562$21,962 as collateral in relation to its workers compensation insurance agreements and a corporate office lease agreement. Of the $23,562$21,962 outstanding letters of credit, the Company has collateralized $2,154$554 in cash and cash equivalents and the remaining $21,408 is collateralized by the Senior Credit Facility. Outstanding standby letters of credit at December 31, 20202021 totaled $24,064.$23,562.
 
(9) Retirement Plans
 
The Company maintains the AMN Services 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan (the “AMN Plan”), which the Company believes complies with the IRC Section 401(k) provisions. The AMN Plan covers all employees that meet certain age and other
61
eligibility requirements. A discretionary matching contribution is determined by the Company each year. Employer contribution expenses incurred under the AMN Plan were $31,409, $13,157 $4,256 and $5,516$4,256 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and
61
Table of Contents
2020, respectively. Employer contribution expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 include one-time contributions and 2019, respectively.a temporary increase to the discretionary matching contribution for a portion of the year.
 
The Company has a deferred compensation plan for certain executives and employees (the “Plan”). The Plan is not intended to be tax qualified and is an unfunded plan. The Plan is composed of deferred compensation and all related income and losses attributable thereto. Discretionary matching contributions to the Plan are made that vest incrementally so that the employee is fully vested in the match following five years of employment with the Company. Under the Plan, participants can defer up to 80% of their base salary, 90% of their bonusvariable compensation and 100% of their vested RSUs or vested PRSUs. A discretionary matching contribution is determined by the Company each year. Employer contributions under the Plan were $18,023, $8,951 $2,845 and $5,551$2,845 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Employer contribution expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 include one-time contributions and 2019, respectively.a temporary increase to the discretionary matching contribution for a portion of the year.. In connection with the administration of the Plan, the Company has purchased company-owned life insurance policies insuring the lives of certain officers and employees. The cash surrender value of these policies was $115,095$117,139 and $98,161$115,095 at December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. The cash surrender value of these insurance policies is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
 
(10) Capital Stock
 
(a) Preferred Stock
 
The Company has 10,000 shares of preferred stock authorized for issuance in one or more series (including preferred stock designated as Series A Conditional Convertible Preferred Stock), at a par value of $0.01 per share. At December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, no shares of preferred stock were outstanding.

(b) Treasury Stock
 
On November 1, 2016, the Company’s board of directors approved a share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to $150,000 of its outstanding common stock. On November 10, 2021, February 17, 2022 and June 15, 2022 the Company announced an increaseincreases to the share repurchase program totaling $700,000 for a total of up to an additional $150,000$850,000 of repurchasesrepurchase authorization as of its outstanding common stock.December 31, 2022. The amount and timing of the purchases will depend on a number of factors including the price of the Company’s shares, trading volume, Company performance, Company liquidity, general economic and market conditions and other factors that the Company’s management believes are relevant. The share repurchase program does not require the purchase of any minimum number of shares and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

The Company intends to make all repurchases and to administer the plan in accordance with applicable laws and regulatory guidelines, including Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act, and in compliance with its debt instruments. Repurchases
may be made from cash on hand, free cash flow generated from the Company’s business or from the Company’s Senior Credit Facility. Repurchases may be made from time to time through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions. Repurchases may also be made pursuant to one or more plans established pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act that would permit shares to be repurchased when the Company might otherwise be precluded from doing so under the Company’s securities trading policy.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company repurchased 5,644 shares of its common stock at an average price of $102.16 per share excluding broker’s fees, resulting in an aggregate purchase price of $576,767. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company repurchased 25 shares of its common stock at an average price of $108.97 per share excluding broker’s fees, resulting in an aggregate purchase price of $2,688. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company repurchased 395 shares of its common stock at an average price of $47.30 per share excluding broker’s fees, resulting in an aggregate purchase price of $18,705.

On February 15, 2022,7, 2023, the Company’s board of directors approved an increase to the share repurchase program of up to an additional $300,000$500,000 of repurchases of its outstanding common stock. As ofSince December 31, 2022, and through February 15, 2022,22, 2023, the Company has repurchased 701923 shares of its common stock at an average price of $97.97$108.40 per share excluding broker’s fees, resulting in an aggregate purchase price of $68,739, since December 31, 2021.$100,028.

(11) Share-Based Compensation
 
(a) Equity Award Plans
 
Equity Plan
 
The Company established the AMN Healthcare Equity Plan (as amended or amended and restated from time to time, the “Equity Plan”), which has been approved by the Company’s stockholders. At the time of the Equity Plan’s original adoption in 2006, equity awards, based on the Company’s common stock, could be issued for a maximum of 723 shares plus the number of
62
shares of common stock underlying any grants under the Stock Option Plan (under which there are no longer any outstanding awards) that were forfeited, canceled or terminated (other than by exercise) from and after the effective date of the Equity Plan. Pursuant to the Equity Plan, stock options and stock
62
Table of Contents
appreciation rights (“SARs”) granted havehad a maximum contractual life of ten years and have exercise prices that will be determined at the time of grant, which will be no less than fair market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant.years. Any shares to be issued under the Equity Plan will be issued by the Company from authorized but unissued common stock or shares of common stock reacquired by the Company. On April 18, 2007, April 9, 2009, April 18, 2012 and April 19, 2017, the Company amended the Equity Plan, with stockholder approval, to increase the number of shares authorized under the Equity Plan by 3,000, 1,850, 2,400 and 1,400, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, 2,414 and 2020, 2,548 and 2,830 shares of common stock were reserved for future grants under the Equity Plan, respectively.
 
Other Plans
 
From time to time, the Company grants, and has granted, key employees inducement awards outside of the Equity Plan (collectively, “Other Plans”), which have recently consisted of RSUs. Although these awards are not made under the Equity Plan, the key terms and conditions of the grant are typically the same as equity awards made under the Equity Plan.

Additionally, in February 2014, the Company established the 2014 Employment Inducement Plan, which reserves for issuance 200 shares of common stock for prospective employees of the Company. As of December 31, 2021,2022, 181 shares of common stock remained available for future grants under the 2014 Employment Inducement Plan.
 
(b) Share-Based Compensation
 
Restricted Stock Units
 
RSUs and PRSUs (subject to performance conditions being achieved) granted under the Equity Plan generally entitle the holder to receive, at the end of a vesting period, a specified number of shares of the Company’s common stock. The following table summarizes RSU and PRSU activity for non-vested awards for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019:2020:
Number of SharesWeighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value per
Share		Number of SharesWeighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value per
Share
Unvested at January 1, 2018818 $43.84 
Granted—RSUs191 $54.99 
Granted—PRSUs (1)201 $48.32 
Vested(400)$35.46 
Canceled/forfeited(52)$41.09 
Unvested at December 31, 2019758 $52.45 
Unvested at January 1, 2019Unvested at January 1, 2019758 $52.45 
Granted—RSUsGranted—RSUs271 $60.02 Granted—RSUs271 $60.02 
Granted—PRSUs (1)Granted—PRSUs (1)155 $64.59 
Granted—PRSUs (1)
155 $64.59 
VestedVested(283)$49.18 Vested(283)$49.18 
Canceled/forfeitedCanceled/forfeited(184)$53.84 Canceled/forfeited(184)$53.84 
Unvested at December 31, 2020Unvested at December 31, 2020717 $58.88 Unvested at December 31, 2020717 $58.88 
Granted—RSUsGranted—RSUs290 $85.30 Granted—RSUs290 $85.30 
Granted—PRSUs (1)Granted—PRSUs (1)186 $97.46 
Granted—PRSUs (1)
186 $97.46 
VestedVested(280)$56.05 Vested(280)$56.05 
Canceled/forfeitedCanceled/forfeited(158)$65.69 Canceled/forfeited(158)$65.69 
Unvested at December 31, 2021Unvested at December 31, 2021755 $78.13 Unvested at December 31, 2021755 $78.13 
Granted—RSUsGranted—RSUs200 $109.66 
Granted—PRSUs (1)
Granted—PRSUs (1)
190 $92.65 
VestedVested(405)$72.43 
Canceled/forfeitedCanceled/forfeited(75)$82.13 
Unvested at December 31, 2022Unvested at December 31, 2022665 $94.79 
 
(1) PRSUs granted included both the PRSUs granted during the year at the target amount and the additional shares of prior period granted PRSUs vested during the year in excess of the target shares.

As of December 31, 2021,2022, there was $26,788$28,293 unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs and PRSUs. The Company expects to recognize such cost over a period of 1.71.8 years. As of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, the aggregate intrinsic value of the RSUs and PRSUs outstanding was $68,348 and $92,346, and $48,945, respectively.
63

Stock Options and SARs
 
Stock options entitle the holder to purchase, at the end of a vesting period, a specified number of shares of the Company’s common stock at a price per share set at the date of grant. SARsStock appreciation rights (“SARs”) entitle the holder to receive, at the end of a vesting period, shares of the Company’s common stock equal in value to the difference between the exercise price of the SAR, which is set at the date of grant, and the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of exercise.
63
Table of Contents
A summary of stock option and SAR activity under the Equity Plan and Other Plans areis as follows:
Number
Outstanding		Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
per Share		 Number
Outstanding		Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
per Share
Outstanding at December 31, 2018227 $8.61 
Granted— $— 
Exercised(215)$8.67 
Canceled/forfeited/expired— $— 
Outstanding at December 31, 2019Outstanding at December 31, 201912 $7.51 Outstanding at December 31, 201912 $7.51 
GrantedGranted— $— Granted— $— 
ExercisedExercised(12)$7.51 Exercised(12)$7.51 
Canceled/forfeited/expiredCanceled/forfeited/expired— $— Canceled/forfeited/expired— $— 
Outstanding at December 31, 2020Outstanding at December 31, 2020— $— Outstanding at December 31, 2020— $— 
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2020 and 2021— $— 
Exercisable at December 31, 2020 and 2021— $— 
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2020Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2020— $— 
Exercisable at December 31, 2020Exercisable at December 31, 2020— $— 
 
As of December 31, 2020, there were no stock options or SARs outstanding. The total intrinsic value of stock options and SARs exercised was $828 and $9,177 for 2020 and 2019, respectively.2020.

Share-Based Compensation
 
Total share-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 20192020 was as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
202120202019 202220212020
Share-based employee compensation, before taxShare-based employee compensation, before tax$25,217 $20,465 $16,241 Share-based employee compensation, before tax$30,066 $25,217 $20,465 
Related income tax benefitsRelated income tax benefits(6,556)(5,321)(4,223)Related income tax benefits(7,817)(6,556)(5,321)
Share-based employee compensation, net of taxShare-based employee compensation, net of tax$18,661 $15,144 $12,018 Share-based employee compensation, net of tax$22,249 $18,661 $15,144 
 

(12) Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, the Company is involved in various lawsuits, claims, investigations, and proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. These matters typically relate to professional liability, tax, compensation, contract, competitor disputes and employee-related matters and include individual and class action lawsuits, as well as inquiries and investigations by governmental agencies regarding the Company’s employment and compensation practices. Additionally, some of the Company’s clients may also become subject to claims, governmental inquiries and investigations, and legal actions relating to services provided by the Company’s healthcare professionals. Depending upon the particular facts and circumstances, the Company may also be subject to indemnification obligations under its contracts with such clients relating to these matters. The Company accrues for contingencies and records a liability when management believes an adverse outcome from a loss contingency is both probable and the amount, or a range, can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required to determine both probability of loss and the estimated amount. The Company reviews its loss contingencies at least quarterly and adjusts its accruals and/or disclosures to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, or other new information, as deemed necessary. The most significant matters for which the Company has established loss contingencies are class actions related to wage and hour claims under California and Federal law. Specifically, among other claims in these lawsuits, it is alleged that certain expense reimbursements should be considered wages and included in the regular rate of pay for purposes of calculating overtime rates.

64
On May 26, 2016, former travel nurse Verna Maxwell Clarke filed a complaint against AMN Services, LLC, in California Superior Court in Los Angeles County. The Company removed the case to the United States District Court for the Central District of California (Case No. 2:16-cv-04132-DSF-KS) (the “Clarke Matter”). The complaint asserts that, due to the Company’s per diem adjustment practices, traveling nurses’ per diem benefits should be included in their regular rate of pay for the purposes of calculating their overtime compensation. On June 26, 2018, the district court denied the plaintiffs’ Motion for Summary Judgment in its entirety, and granted the Company’s Motion for Summary Judgment with respect to the plaintiffs’ per diem and overtime claims. The plaintiffs filed an appeal of the judgment relating to the per diem claims with the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals (the “Ninth Circuit”). On February 8, 2021, a three-judge panel of the Ninth Circuit issued an opinion that reversed the district court’s granting of the Company’s Motion for Summary Judgment and remanded the matter to the district court instructing the district to enter partial summary judgment in favor of the plaintiffs. On May 7, 2021, the Ninth Circuit issued an order denying the Company’s petition for rehearing. On August 26, 2021, the Company filed a Petition for Writ of Certiorari in the United States Supreme Court seeking review of the Ninth Circuit’s decision, which was denied on December 13, 2021. TheThis case is proceeding in the United States District Court lifted the stay on this matter on December 17, 2021, and litigation in the District Court has resumed.Court.

64
Table of Contents
On May 2, 2019, former travel nurse Sara Woehrle filed a complaint against AMN Services, LLC, and Providence Health System – Southern California in California Superior Court in Los Angeles County. The Company removed the case to the United States District Court for the Central District of California (Case No. 2:19-cv-05282 DSF-KS). The complaint asserts that, due to the Company’s per diem adjustment practices, traveling nurses’ per diem benefits should be included in their regular rate of pay for the purposes of calculating their overtime compensation. The Complaintcomplaint also alleges that the putative class members were denied required meal periods, denied proper overtime compensation, were not compensated for all time worked, including reporting time and training time, and received non-compliant wage statements. The Company has reached a preliminaryan agreement to settle this matter in its entirety.entirety and is awaiting court approval. Final approval of the settlement is not expected until the fourth quarter of 2022.in early 2023.

The Company believes that its current wage and hour practices conform with the applicable law in all material respects. Because of the inherent uncertainty of litigation, the Company is not able to reasonably predict if any matter will be resolved in a manner that is materially adverse to the Company. The Company has recorded accruals in connection with the matters described above amounting to $37,225.$46,225. The Company is currently unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss beyond amounts already accrued. Loss contingencies accrued as of December 31, 2021 are included in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
 
Item 9.    Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
 
None.
 
Item 9A.    Controls and Procedures
 
(1) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 20212022 were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
 
(2) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Based on the framework set forth in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013), management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2021.2022.

65
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 20212022 has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report, which we include herein.
 
(3) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 20212022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
6665
Table of Contents
(4) Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
AMN Healthcare Services, Inc.:
 
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited AMN Healthcare Services, Inc. and subsidiaries’ (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021,2022, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 24, 202222, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
67
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
/s/ KPMG LLP
 
San Diego, California
February 24, 202222, 2023

6866
Table of Contents
Item 9B.    Other Information
 
None.
 
Item 9C.    Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
 
Not applicable.
 
PART III
 
Item 10.    Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
 
Information required by this item, other than the information below concerning our Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers and stockholder recommended nominations, is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement to be distributed in connection with our Annual Meeting of Stockholders currently scheduled to be held on April 22, 2022May 17, 2023 (the “2022“2023 Annual Meeting Proxy Statement”) under the headings “Election“Corporate Governance—Election of Our Directors—AMN Healthcare Board of Directors,” “Executive Compensation Disclosure,” “Security Ownership and Other Matters—Section 16(a) Reporting Compliance,” the table set forth in “Corporate Governance—Committees of the Board” identifying, among other things, members of our Board committees, and “Corporate Governance—Committees of the Board.”
 
We have adopted a Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and principal accounting officer or any person performing similar functions, which we post on our website in the “Corporate Governance”“Governance Documents” link located at www.amnhealthcare.com/investors.ir.amnhealthcare.com. We intend to publish any amendment to, or waiver from, the Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers on our website. We will provide any person, without charge, a copy of such Code of Ethics upon written request, which may be mailed to 8840 Cypress Waters Boulevard Suite 300, Dallas, Texas 75019, Attn: Corporate Secretary.
 
There have been no material changes to the procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to our Board since we last disclosed information related to such procedures.
 
Item 11.    Executive Compensation
 
Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the 20222023 Annual Meeting Proxy Statement under the headings “Compensation, Discussion and Analysis,” “Executive Compensation Disclosure,” “Director Compensation and Ownership Guidelines,” “Corporate Governance—Enterprise Risk Oversight,” “Corporate Governance—Committees of the Board—Compensation Committee—Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” and “Compensation Committee Report on Executive Compensation.”
 
Item 12.    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
 
Information required by this item, other than the information below concerning our equity compensation plans, is incorporated by reference to the 20222023 Annual Meeting Proxy Statement under the headings “Security Ownership and Other Matters—Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.”

The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 20212022 regarding compensation plans under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance.
6967
Table of Contents
(a)(b)(c)(a)(b)(c)
Number of Securities
to be Issued upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights(1)
 
Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants, and Rights ($)
 
Numbers of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column(a))(2)

Number of Securities
to be Issued upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights(1)
 
Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants, and Rights ($)
 
Numbers of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column(a))(2)

Plan CategoryPlan CategoryPlan Category
Equity compensation plans approved by security holdersEquity compensation plans approved by security holders736,346 $—2,547,751 Equity compensation plans approved by security holders664,732 $—2,413,823 
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders (3)
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders (3)
18,546 —181,454 
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders (3)
— —181,454 
       
TotalTotal754,892 $—2,729,205 Total664,732 $—2,595,277 

(1) Includes RSUs and PRSUs. As of December 31, 2021,2022, there were no stock options or SARs outstanding. The weighted-average exercise price set forth in this table excludes the effect of RSUs and PRSUs, which have no exercise price.
(2) Under the Equity Plan, each share (a) tendered or held back upon exercise of an option or settlement of an award to cover the exercise price or tax withholding with respect to an award, or (b) subject to SARs that are not issued in connection with the settlement of the SARs on exercise thereof, is made available to be re-awarded. For PRSUs, we consider the maximum number of shares that may be issued under the award to be outstanding upon grant. When the number of PRSUs that have been earned are determined, we true-up the actual number of shares that were awarded and return the unearned shares into shares available for issuance. This figure does not include shares underlying our Equity Plan that are forfeited, canceled or terminated after December 31, 2021.2022. See additional information in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note (11), Share-Based Compensation.”
(3) On occasion, we have made employee award inducement equity grants to key employees outside of the Equity Plan. Although these awards were made outside of the Equity Plan, the key terms and conditions of each grant are the same in all material respects as equity awards made under the Equity Plan. Additionally, in 2014, the Board adopted the Company’s 2014 Employment Inducement Plan under which we may issue up to 200,000 shares of our common stock to prospective employees. See additional information in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note (11), Share-Based Compensation.”

Item 13.    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
 
Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the 20222023 Annual Meeting Proxy Statement under the headings “Corporate Governance—Policies and Procedures Governing Conflicts of Interest and Related Party Transactions,” “Corporate Governance—Director Independence,” and “Corporate Governance—Committees of the Board.”
 
Item 14.    Principal Accounting Fees and Services
 
Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the 20222023 Annual Meeting Proxy Statement under the heading “Ratification of the Selection of Independent Public Accounting Firm.”
7068
Table of Contents
PART IV
 
Item 15.    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
 
(a) Documents filed as part of the report.
 
(1) Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 20212022 and 20202021
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020
and 20192020
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 20192020
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 20192020
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
(2) Financial Statement Schedules

All schedules have been omitted because the required information is presented in the financial statements or notes thereto, the amounts involved are not significant or the schedules are not applicable.
 
(3) Exhibits
7169
Table of Contents
Exhibit
Number
Description
2.1
2.2 
3.1 
3.2 
3.3 
4.1 
4.2 
4.3 
4.4 
4.5 
10.1 
10.2 
10.3 
10.4 
10.5 
10.6 
10.7 
10.8 
7270
Table of Contents
Exhibit
Number
Description
10.9 
10.10 
10.11 
10.12 
10.13 
10.14 
10.15 
10.16 
10.17 
10.18 
10.19 
10.20 
10.21 
10.22 
10.23 
10.24 
7371
Table of Contents
Exhibit
Number
Description
10.25 
10.26 
10.27 
10.28 
10.29 
10.30 
10.31 
10.32 
10.33 
10.34 
10.35 
10.36 
10.37 
10.38 
10.3810.39 
72
Table of Contents
Exhibit
Number
Description
10.3910.40 
74
Exhibit
Number
Description
10.4010.41 
10.42 
10.4110.43 
10.4210.44 
10.4310.45 
10.4410.46 
10.4510.47 
10.4610.48 
10.4710.49 
10.50 
10.51 
10.52 
10.53 
10.54 
10.55 
73
Table of Contents
Exhibit
Number
Description
10.56 
10.57
21.1 
23.1 
31.1 
31.2 
32.1 
32.2 
101.INSXBRL Instance Document.*
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.*
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.*
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.*
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.*
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*
*Filed herewith.

75
Item 16.    Form 10-K Summary
 
None.

7674
Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
AMN HEALTHCARE SERVICES, INC.
/S/    SCUSANAROLINE R. SS. GALKARACE
Susan R. SalkaCaroline S. Grace
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
Date: February 24, 202222, 2023
 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated and on February 24, 2022.22, 2023.
 
/S/    SCUSANAROLINE R. SS. GALKARACE
Susan R. SalkaCaroline S. Grace
Director, President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
/S/    JEFFREY R. KNUDSON
Jeffrey R. Knudson
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/S/    DOUGLAS D. WHEAT
Douglas D. Wheat
Director and Chairman of the Board
/S/    JORGE A. CABALLERO
Jorge A. Caballero
Director
/S/    MARK G. FOLETTA
Mark G. Foletta
Director
/S/    TERI G. FONTENOT
Teri G. Fontenot
Director
/S/    R. JEFFREY HARRIS
R. Jeffrey Harris
Director
/S/    DAPHNE E. JONES
Daphne E. Jones
Director
/S/    MARTHA H. MARSH
Martha H. Marsh
Director
/S/    SYLVIA TRENT-ADAMS
Sylvia Trent-Adams
Director

7775