UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


Form 10-K

 


 

xANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 20062008

or

 

¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from             to             

Commission File No. 001-32260

 


Westlake Chemical Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 


 

Delaware 76-0346924

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

2801 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 600

Houston, Texas 77056

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(713) 960-9111

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.01 par value New York Stock Exchange, Inc.

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 


Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant in not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer.smaller reporting company. See definitiondefinitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filerfiler” and large accelerated filer”“smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):Act:

 

Large accelerated filer  ¨

  Accelerated filer  x  Non-accelerated filer  ¨Smaller reporting company  ¨

(Do not check if a smaller

reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2006,2008, the end of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, based on a closing price on that dateJune 30, 2008 of $29.80$14.86 on the New York Stock Exchange was approximately $570$285 million.

There were 65,270,52665,658,642 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of February 20, 2007.13, 2009.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:

Certain information required by Part II and Part III of this Form 10-K is incorporated by reference from the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A with respect to the registrant’s 20072009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 18, 2007.14, 2009.

 



TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page     Page
  PART I    PART I  
Item        
1)  Business  1  Business  1
1A)  Risk Factors  9  Risk Factors  10
1B)  Unresolved Staff Comments  18  Unresolved Staff Comments  20
2)  Properties  18  Properties  20
3)  Legal Proceedings  20  Legal Proceedings  22
4)  Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders  20  Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders  22
  Executive Officers of the Registrant  20  Executive Officers of the Registrant  22
  PART II    PART II  
5)  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities  22  

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

  25
6)  Selected Financial and Operational Data  23  Selected Financial and Operational Data  26
7)  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations  26  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations  29
7A)  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk  40  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk  44
8)  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data  41  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data  45
9)  Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure  82  Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure  83
9A)  Controls and Procedures  82  Controls and Procedures  83
9B)  Other Information  83  Other Information  83
  PART III    PART III  
10)  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance  84  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance  84
11)  Executive Compensation  84  Executive Compensation  84
12)  

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

  84  

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

  84
13)  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, Director Independence  84  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, Director Independence  84
14)  Principal Accountant Fees and Services  84  Principal Accountant Fees and Services  84
  PART IV    PART IV  
15)  Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules  85  Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules  85


INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA

Industry and market data used throughout this Form 10-K were obtained through internal company research, surveys and studies conducted by unrelated third parties and industry and general publications, including information from Chemical Market Associates, Inc., or CMAI, Chemical Data, Inc. and the Freedonia Group. We have not independently verified market and industry data from external sources. While we believe internal company estimates are reliable and market definitions are appropriate, neither such estimates nor these definitions have been verified by any independent sources.

PRODUCTION CAPACITY

Unless we state otherwise, annual production capacity estimates used throughout this Form 10-K represent rated capacity of the facilities at December 31, 2006.2008. We calculated rated capacity by estimating the number of days in a typical year that a production unit of a plant is expected to operate, after allowing for downtime for regular maintenance, and multiplying that number by an amount equal to the unit’s optimal daily output based on the design feedstock mix. Because the rated capacity of a production unit is an estimated amount, actual production volumes may be more or less than the rated capacity.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

The body of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States is commonly referred to as “GAAP.” For this purpose, a non-GAAP financial measure is generally defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as one that purports to measure historical or future financial performance, financial position or cash flows, but excludes or includes amounts that would not be so adjusted in the most comparable GAAP measures. In this report, we disclose so-called non-GAAP financial measures, primarily EBITDA. EBITDA is calculated as net income before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. The non-GAAP financial measures described in this Form 10-K are not substitutes for the GAAP measures of earnings and cash flow.

EBITDA is included in this Form 10-K because our management considers it an important supplemental measure of our performance and believes that it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry, some of which present EBITDA when reporting their results. We regularly evaluate our performance as compared to other companies in our industry that have different financing and capital structures and/or tax rates by using EBITDA. In addition, we utilize EBITDA in evaluating acquisition targets. Management also believes that EBITDA is a useful tool for measuring our ability to meet our future debt service, capital expenditures and working capital requirements, and EBITDA is commonly used by us and our investors to measure our ability to service indebtedness. EBITDA is not a substitute for the GAAP measures of earnings or of cash flow and is not necessarily a measure of our ability to fund our cash needs. In addition, it should be noted that companies calculate EBITDA differently and, therefore, EBITDA as presented for us may not be comparable to EBITDA reported by other companies. EBITDA has material limitations as a performance measure because it excludes interest expense, depreciation and amortization, and income taxes.

 

i


PART I

 

Item 1.Business

General

We are a vertically integrated manufacturer and marketer of basic chemicals, vinyls, polymers and fabricated products. Our products include some of the most widely used chemicals in the world, which are fundamental to many diverse consumer and industrial markets, including flexible and rigid packaging, automotive products, coatings, residential and commercial construction as well as other durable and non-durable goods. We operate in two principal business segments, Olefins and Vinyls, and we are one of the few North American integrated producers of vinyls with substantial downstream integration into polyvinyl chloride, or PVC, fabricated products.

We began operations in 1986 after our first polyethylene plant, an Olefins segment business, near Lake Charles, Louisiana was acquired from Occidental Petroleum Corporation. We began our vinyls operations in 1990 with the acquisition of a vinyl chloride monomer, or VCM, plant in Calvert City, Kentucky from the Goodrich Corporation. In 1992, we commenced our Vinyls segment fabricated products operations after acquiring three PVC pipe plants. Since 1986, we have grown rapidly into an integrated producer of petrochemicals, polymers and fabricated products. We achieved this by acquiring 2322 plants (excluding plants that have subsequently been permanently closed or disposed of), constructing sixeight new plants (including our joint venture in China)China and a new fabricated products plant in Yucca, Arizona, which became operational in the first quarter of 2009) and completing numerous capacity or production line expansions. On November 30, 2006,In 2008, we acquired Eastman Chemical Company’s (“Eastman”) polyethylenepermanently closed one and Epolene® polymers business, related assets and a 200 mile, ten inch pipeline from Mont Belvieu, Texasidled another fabricated products plant due to Longview, Texas, all of which are located in Longview, Texas (“Longview facilities”). The polyethylene business and associated operating facilities have a capacity of 1,125 million pounds per year of polyethylene.the current economic downturn.

We benefit from highly integrated production facilities that allow us to process raw materials into higher value-added chemicals and fabricated products. WeAs of February 15, 2009, we have 10.911.8 billion pounds per year of active aggregate production capacity at 15 manufacturing sites in North America. We also have a 58%59% interest in a joint venture in China that operates a vinyls facility.

Olefins Business

Products

Olefins are the basic building blocks used to create a wide variety of petrochemical products. We manufacture ethylene, polyethylene, styrene, and associated co-products at our manufacturing facilitiesfacility in Lake Charles, Louisiana, and polyethylene and Epolene®at our Longview, facilities.Texas facility. We have two ethylene plants, two polyethylene plants and one styrene monomer plant at our Lake Charles complex. We have three polyethylene plants and an Epolene®a specialty polyethylene wax plant at our Longview facility. The following table illustrates our production capacities at February 15, 2009 by principal product and the primary end uses of these materials:

 

Product

  Annual Capacity  

End Uses

   (Millions of pounds)   

Ethylene

  2,4002,500  Polyethylene, ethylene dichloride, or EDC, styrene, ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol

Low-Density Polyethylene, or LDPE

  1,500  High clarity packaging, shrink films, laundry and dry cleaning bags, ice bags, frozen foods packaging, bakery bags, coated paper board, cup stock, paper folding cartons, lids, housewares, closures and general purpose molding
Linear Low-Density Polyethylene, or LLDPE, and High-Density Polyethylene, or HDPE  

 

980

  

 

Heavy-duty films and bags, general purpose liners (LLDPE); thin-walled food tubs, housewares, pails, totes and crates (HDPE)

Styrene

  485570  Disposables, packaging material, appliances, paints and coatings, resins and building materials

Ethylene. Ethylene is the world’s most widely used petrochemical in terms of volume. It is the key building block used to produce a large number of higher value-added chemicals including polyethylene, EDC, VCM and styrene. We have the capacity to produce 2.42.5 billion pounds of ethylene per year at our Lake Charles complex and the capability to consume all of our production internally to produce polyethylene and styrene monomer in our Olefins business and to produce VCM and EDC in our Vinyls business. We also produce ethylene in our Vinyls segment at our Calvert City, Kentucky facilities,facility, all of which is used internally in the production of VCM. In addition, we produce ethylene co-products including chemical grade propylene, crude butadiene, pyrolysis gasoline and hydrogen. We sell our entire output of these co-products to external customers. We completed a major turnaround at one of our ethylene plants in Lake Charles in the fourth quarter of 2006.

Polyethylene. Polyethylene, the world’s most widely consumed polymer, is used in the manufacture of a wide variety of packaging, film, coatings and molded product applications. Polyethylene is generally classified as either LDPE, LLDPE or HDPE. The density correlates to the relative stiffness of the products. The difference between LDPE and LLDPE is molecular, and products produced from LLDPE are stronger than products produced from LDPE. LDPE is used in end products such as bread bags, dry cleaning bags, food wraps and milk carton and snack package coatings. LLDPE is used for higher film strength applications such as stretch film and heavy duty sacks. HDPE is used to manufacture products such as grocery, merchandise and trash bags, plastic containers and plastic caps and closures.

We are the third largest producer of LDPE in North America based on capacity and, in 2006,2008, our annual capacity of 1.5 billion pounds was available in numerous formulations to meet the needs of our diverse customer base. We also have the combined capacity to produce 980 million pounds (combined) of either LLDPE orand HDPE per year in various different formulations. We produce the three primary types of polyethylene and sell them to external customers as a final product in pellet form. We produce LDPE at one plant in Lake Charles and two plants in Longview, and we produce LLDPE and HDPE in one plant at Lake Charles and LLDPE in one plant in Longview. This flexibility allows us to maximize production of either HDPE or LLDPE depending on prevailing market conditions.

Styrene. Styrene is used to produce synthetic rubber and other derivatives such as polystyrene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, unsaturated polyester and unsaturated polyester.synthetic rubber. These derivatives are used in a number of applications including injection molding, disposables, food packaging, housewares, paints and coatings, resins, building materials, tires and toys. We produce styrene at our Lake Charles plant, where we have the capacity to produce 485570 million pounds of styrene per year, all of which is sold to external customers. We completed a major turnaround at our styrene plant in Lake Charles in the first quarter of 2008 that increased the plant’s capacity by approximately 85 million pounds per year.

Feedstocks

We are highly integrated along our olefins product chain. We produce most of the ethylene required to produce our polyethylene, VCM and styrene. Ethylene can be produced from either petroleum liquid feedstocks, such as naphtha, condensates and gas oils, or from natural gas liquid feedstocks, such as ethane, propane and butane. One of our ethylene plants uses ethane as its feedstock and the other can use ethane, ethane/propane mix, propane and butane, a heavier feedstock. We continue to seek waysDuring 2007, we completed a project designed to minimize our feedstock cost at one of our ethylene plants by further increasing our abilityflexibility to use alternative feedstocks.light naphtha. We receive ethane, propane and butanefeedstock at our Lake Charles facilitiesfacility through several pipelines from a variety of suppliers in Texas and Louisiana.

In addition to our internally supplied ethylene, we also acquire ethylene from Eastman pursuant to a three-year contractthird parties in order to supply a portion of our ethylene requirements in Longview.requirements. In addition, we acquire butene and hexene to manufacture polyethylene and benzene to manufacture styrene. We receive butene and hexene at both the Lake Charles complex and hexene at the Longview complex via rail car from several suppliers. We receive benzene via barges, ships and pipeline pursuant to short-term arrangements. TheWe purchase butene and hexene pursuant to multi-year contracts, expire over the next one to three years and some of which are renewable for an additional term subject to either party to the contract notifying the other party that it does not wish to renew the contract.

Marketing, Sales and Distribution

We use the majority of our Lake Charles ethylene production in our polyethylene, styrene and VCM operations. We sell the remainder to external customers. In addition, we sell our ethylene co-products to external

customers. Our primary ethylene co-products are chemical grade propylene, crude butadiene, pyrolysis gasoline and hydrogen. The majority of sales in our Olefins business are made under long-term agreements. Contract volumes are established within a range. The terms of these contracts are fixed for a period, although earlier termination may occur if the parties fail to agree on price and deliveries are suspended for a period of several months.price. In most cases, these contracts also contemplate extension of the term unless terminated by one of the parties.

We typically ship our ethylene and propylene via a pipeline system that connects our plants to numerous customers. Our hydrogen is sold via pipeline to a single customer. We also have storage agreements and exchange agreements that allow us access to customers who are not directly connected to the pipeline system. We transport our polyethylene, styrene, crude butadiene and pyrolysis gasoline by rail or truck. Additionally, our pyrolysis gasoline and styrene can be transported by barge.

We have an internal sales force that sells directly to our customers. Our polyethylene customers are some of the nation’s largest purchasersproducers of film and flexible packaging. In 2006, one contract2008, no single customer in our Olefins segment accounted for 11%10% or more of segment net sales.

Competition

The markets in which our Olefins business operates are highly competitive. We compete on the basis of price, customer service, product deliverability, quality, consistency and performance. Our competitors in the ethylene, polyethylene and styrene markets are typically some of the world’s largest chemical companies, including INEOS (successor to BP Chemicals Ltd.), The Dow Chemical Company, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Lyondell Chemical Company,LyondellBasell Industries, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP and NOVA Chemicals Corporation.

Vinyls Business

Products

Principal products in our integrated Vinyls segment include PVC, VCM, EDC, chlorine, caustic soda and ethylene. We also manufacture and sell products fabricated from the PVC we produce, including pipe, fence and deck, and window and patio door components. We manage our integrated Vinyls production chain, from the basic chemicals to finished fabricated products, to maximize product margins, pricing and capacity utilization. Our primary manufacturing facilities are located in our Calvert City, Kentucky and Geismar, Louisiana, complexes. Our Calvert City facilities includefacility includes an ethylene plant, a chlor-alkali plant, a VCM plant, a PVC plant and a larger diameter PVC pipe plant. Our Geismar facilities includefacility includes an EDC plant, a VCM plant and a PVC plant. WeAs of February 15, 2009, we also ownoperated 11 PVC fabricated product facilities and owned a 58%59% interest in a joint venture in China that produces PVC resin, PVC fabricated products and film.PVC film and sheet. The following table illustrates our production capacities at February 15, 2009 by principal product and the end uses of these products:

 

Product(1)

  Annual Capacity(2)  

End Uses

   (Millions of pounds)   

PVC

  1,4001,700  Construction materials including pipe, siding, profiles for windows and doors, film and sheet for packaging and other consumer applications

VCM

  1,9001,850  PVC

Chlorine

  410550  VCM, organic/inorganic chemicals, bleach

Caustic Soda

  450605  Pulp and paper, organic/inorganic chemicals, neutralization, alumina

Ethylene

  450  VCM

Fabricated Products

  9151,076  Pipe: water and sewer, plumbing, irrigation, conduit; window and door components; fence and deck components

(1)EDC, a VCM intermediate product, is not included in the table.

 

(2)Annual capacity excludes total capacity of 130145 million pounds of PVC film and 286sheet, 300 million pounds of PVC resin and 33 million pounds of fabricated products from the joint venture in China (in which we have a 58%59% interest). Fabricated products capacity also includes 47 million pounds of PVC pipe from a plant that is currently idled.

PVC. PVC, the world’s third most widely used plastic, is an attractive alternative to traditional materials such as glass, metal, wood, concrete and other plastic materials because of its versatility, durability and cost-competitiveness. PVC is produced from VCM, which is, in turn, made from chlorine and ethylene. PVC compounds are made by combining PVC resin with various additives in order to make either rigid and impact-resistant or soft and flexible compounds. The various compounds are then fabricated into end-products through extrusion, calendaring,calendering, injection-molding or blow-molding. Flexible PVC compounds are used for wire and cable insulation, automotive interior and exterior trims and packaging. Rigid extrusion PVC compounds are commonly used in window frames, vertical blinds and construction products, including pipes.pipe and siding. Injection-molding PVC compounds are used in specialty products such as computer housings and keyboards, appliance parts and bottles. We have the capacity to produce 800 million1.1 billion pounds of PVC per year at our Calvert City facilitiesfacility, including the additional volume from our recently completed expansion, and 600 million pounds per year at our Geismar facilities.facility. We use a majority of our PVC internally in the production of our fabricated products. The remainder of our PVC is sold to downstream fabricators.

VCM. VCM is used to produce PVC, solvents and PVC-related products. We use ethylene and chlorine to produce VCM. We have the capacity to produce 1.3 billion pounds of VCM per year at our Calvert City facilitiesfacility and 600550 million pounds per year at our Geismar facilities.facility. The majority of our VCM is used internally in our PVC operations. Most of the remainder of our VCM production is sold under long-term contracts with external customers.

Chlorine and Caustic Soda. We combine salt and electricity to produce chlorine and caustic soda, co-products commonly referred to as chlor-alkali, at our Calvert City facilities.facility. We use our chlorine production in our VCM plants. We currently have the capacity to supply approximately 37%50% of our internal chlorine requirements.requirements internally. We purchase the remaining amount at market prices. Our caustic soda is sold to external customers who use it for, among other things, the production of pulp and paper, organic and inorganic chemicals and alumina. In October 2007, we announced our plans to expand our chlor-alkali plant at our Calvert City manufacturing complex, and in August 2008, we announced that we will construct a new chlor-alkali plant to be located at our vinyls manufacturing plant in Geismar, Louisiana. The Calvert City expansion was completed in the fourth quarter of 2008. The Geismar chlor-alkali unit is expected to be completed in 2011 and to produce 250,000 ECUs annually, bringing our total ECU capacity to 525,000 per year. These projects are expected to improve the vertical integration of our vinyls business from chlorine downstream into VCM and PVC and increase caustic soda sales. After the Geismar chlor-alkali unit has been completed, we expect that we will have the capacity to supply approximately 95% of our chlorine requirements through internal production.

Ethylene. We use all of the ethylene produced at Calvert City internally to produce VCM and in 2006, we producedCalvert City has the capacity to produce approximately 54%50% of the ethylene required for our VCM production. We obtain the remainder of the ethylene we need for our Vinyls business from our Lake Charles ethylene production. We completed a major turnaround at our ethylene plant in Calvert City in the second quarter of 2006.

Fabricated Products. Products made from PVC are used in construction materials ranging from water and sewer systems to home and commercial applications for fence, deck, window and patio door systems. We manufacture and market water, sewer, irrigation and conduit pipe products under the “North American Pipe” brand. We also manufacture and market PVC fence, decking, windows and patio door profiles under the “Westech Building Products” brand. All of our fabricated products production is sold to external customers. All of the PVC we require for our fabricated products is produced internally. During the third quarter of 2008, we started production at a new large diameter PVC pipe facility at the Calvert City complex with a capacity of approximately 55 million pounds per year of large diameter pipe. In March 2008, we announced our plans to open a new PVC pipe plant in Yucca, Arizona to produce pipe for water, sewer, irrigation and related industrial and residential markets in the Western United States. The new plant became operational in the first quarter of 2009 and has the capacity to produce approximately 120 million pounds of PVC pipe annually. In addition, in the first quarter of 2008, we decided to close our PVC window and door components plant in Pawling, New York with an annual capacity of 14 million pounds, and in the fourth quarter of 2008, we announced the idling of our PVC pipe plant in Van Buren, Arkansas with an annual capacity of 47 million pounds.

China Joint Venture. We own a 58%59% interest in Suzhou Huasu Plastics Co. Ltd., a joint venture based near Shanghai, China. Our joint venture partners are Norway’s Norsk Hydro ASA and twoa local Chinese chemical companies.company and a subsidiary of INEOS. In 1995, this joint venture constructed and began operating a PVC film plant that has a current annual capacity of 130145 million pounds of PVC film. In 1999, the joint venture constructed and began operating a PVC resin plant that has an annual capacity of 286300 million pounds of PVC resin. In 2006, we increased our ownership interest in this joint venture from 43% to 58%, and in 2007 we increased our ownership interest to 59%. In 2008, the joint venture began producing PVC fabricated products with an annual capacity of 33 million pounds of product.

Feedstocks

We are highly integrated along our vinyls production chain. We produce most of the ethylene and all of the VCM and PVC used in our Vinyls business, and approximately 37%50% of our chlorine requirements. The remainder of our chlorine requirements are purchased at market prices. Ethylene produced at our Calvert City facility

utilizes propane feedstock. We purchase the salt required for our chlor-alkali plant pursuant to a long-term contract. We purchase electricity for our chlor-alkaliCalvert City facility production from the Tennessee Valley Authority under a long-term contract.

We are one of the few North American integrated producers of vinyls with substantial downstream integration into PVC fabricated products. Our Calvert City and Geismar facilities supply all the PVC required for

our fabricated products plants. The remaining feedstocks for fabricated products include pigments, fillers and stabilizers, which we purchase under short-term contracts based on prevailing market prices.

Marketing, Sales and Distribution

We are a leading manufacturer of PVC fabricated productspipe in the geographic regions where we operate. We sell a majority of our PVC pipe through a combination of manufacturer’s representatives and our internal sales force to distributors who serve the wholesale PVC pipe market. We use a regional sales approach that allows us to provide focused customer service and to meet the specified needs of individual customers. We use an internal salaried sales force to market and sell our fence, window and patio door profiles.

We sell substantially all of our caustic soda production to external customers, concentrating on customers who can receive the product by barge over the Mississippi, Tennessee and Ohio Riversin Calvert City’s geographical area to minimize transportation costs. In 2006, two2008, no customers in our Vinyls segment accounted for 26%10% or more of segment net sales, each accounting for 13%.sales.

Competition

Competition in the vinyls market is based on price, product availability, product performance and customer service. We compete in the vinyls market with other large and medium-sized producers including Oxy Vinyls,Chem, LP, Shintech, Inc., Georgia Gulf Corporation and Formosa Plastics Corporation.

Competition in the fabricated products market is based on price, on-time delivery, product quality, customer service and product consistency. We compete in the fabricated products market with other medium and large-sized producers and fabricators including J-M Manufacturing Company, Inc.,JM Eagle, Diamond Plastics Corporation and National Pipe & Plastics, Inc. and PW Eagle, Inc. J-M Manufacturing Company, Inc. and PW Eagle, Inc. have recently announced a merger transaction. We are a leading manufacturer of PVC pipe by volume in the geographic areas served by our North American Pipe Corporation subsidiary. We believe that we are one of the second largest manufacturermanufacturers of PVC fence and deck components by volume in the United States.

Environmental and Other Regulation

As is common in our industry, obtaining, producing and distributing many of our products involves the use, storage, transportation and disposal of large quantities of toxic and hazardous materials, and our manufacturing operations require the generation and disposal of large quantities of hazardous wastes. We are subject to extensive, evolving and increasingly stringent federal and local environmental laws and regulations, which address, among other things, the following:

 

emissions to the air;

 

discharges to land or to surface and subsurface waters;

 

other releases into the environment;

 

remediation of contaminated sites;

 

generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste materials; and

 

maintenance of safe conditions in the workplace.

We are subject to environmental laws and regulations that can impose civil and criminal sanctions and that may require us to mitigate the effects of contamination caused by the release or disposal of hazardous substances into the environment. Under one law, an owner or operator of property may be held strictly liable for remediating contamination without regard to whether that person caused the contamination, and without regard to whether the practices that resulted in the contamination were legal at the time they occurred. Because several of our production sites have a history of industrial use, it is impossible to predict precisely what effect these requirements will have on us.

Contract LitigationDisputes with Goodrich and PolyOne.In connection with the 1990 and 1997 acquisitions of the Goodrich Corporation (“Goodrich”) chemical manufacturing complex in Calvert City, Kentucky, Goodrich agreed to indemnify us for any liabilities related to preexisting contamination at the complex. For our part, we agreed to indemnify Goodrich for post-closing contamination caused by our operations. The soil and groundwater at the complex, which does not include our nearby PVC facility, had been extensively contaminated by Goodrich’s operations. In 1993, Goodrich spun off the predecessor of PolyOne Corporation (“PolyOne”), and that predecessor assumed Goodrich’s indemnification obligations relating to preexisting contamination. PolyOne is now coordinating the investigation and remediation of contamination at the complex.

In mid-1997 we began operating (pursuant2003, litigation arose among us, Goodrich and PolyOne with respect to contract) a certain piecethe allocation of groundwater remediation equipmentthe cost of remediating contamination at the complex owned by Goodrich.

For a number of years,site. The parties settled this litigation in December 2007 and the case was dismissed. In the settlement the parties agreed that, among other things: (1) PolyOne has asserted that our operations after the 1990 and 1997 acquisitions have contributed to the contamination. In May 2003, Goodrich asserted that we are responsible for a portionwould pay 100% of the costs (with specified exceptions), net of treating the complex’s contaminated groundwater. Goodrich then began withholding payment of 45% of the monthly costsrecoveries or credits from third parties, incurred by us to operate certain remediation equipment.

In October 2003, we sued Goodrich in the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky for breach of contract to recover our unpaid invoices for providing these services. Goodrich filed a counterclaim against us and a third-party complaint against PolyOne. PolyOne in turn filed motions to dismiss, counterclaims against Goodrich, and cross-claims against us, in which it alleged, among other things, that Goodrich and we had conspired to defraud PolyOne.

In March 2005, the court dismissed PolyOne’s claims against us and granted our motion for summary judgment on our breach of contract claim against Goodrich. In July 2005, Goodrich agreed to pay us all past due amounts, including interest, in the amount of $3.1 million. This reimbursement is reflected in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2005, resulting in a $2.6 million reduction of selling, general and administrative expenses and $0.5 million of interest income. Goodrich further agreed to timely and fully pay us for all future services. Goodrich reserved the right to seek reconsideration of the court’s order, which, if granted, could require us to reimburse Goodrich for its payments to us under the July 2005 agreement. The case is continuing with respect to Goodrich’s counterclaim against usenvironmental issues at the Calvert City site from August 1, 2007 forward; (2) either we or PolyOne might, from time to time in the future (but not more than once every five years), institute a proceeding to adjust that percentage; and (3) we and PolyOne would negotiate a new environmental remediation utilities and services agreement to cover our provision to or on behalf of PolyOne of certain environmental remediation services at the claims between Goodrich and PolyOne. A court-ordered mediation is expected to occur in early 2007 and trial is set for October 2007.

site. The current groundwaterenvironmental remediation activities at the Calvert City complex do not have a specified termination date but are expected to last for the foreseeable future. Since we acquired in mid-1997 the relevant portion of the complex where certain groundwater remediation equipment is located, we have spent approximately $23.3 million through December 31, 2006 in operating this equipment, all of which has been reimbursed to us by Goodrich. Goodrich is continuing to reimburse us on a monthly basis as ongoing expenses for these services are incurred. The costs incurred by PolyOne to operateprovide the groundwaterenvironmental remediation equipmentservices were $3.4$3.8 million in 2006.2008.

Administrative Proceedings.There are several administrative proceedings in Kentucky involving us, Goodrich and PolyOne andrelated to the same manufacturing complex in Calvert City. In 2003, the Kentucky Environmental and Public Protection Cabinet (“Cabinet”) re-issued Goodrich’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, or RCRA, permit which requires Goodrich to remediate contamination at the Calvert City manufacturing complex. Both Goodrich and PolyOne challenged various terms of the permit in an attempt to shift Goodrich’s clean-up obligations under the permit to us.

In January 2004, the Cabinet notified us that our ownership of a closed landfill (known as former Pond 4) requires us to submit an application for our own permit under RCRA. This could require us to bear the cost of performing remediation work at former Pond 4 and adjacent areas at the complex. We challenged the Cabinet’s January 2004 order and have obtained several extensions to submit the required permit application, which is now due in March 2007.application. In October 2006, the Cabinet notified Goodrich and us that both were “operators” of former Pond 4 under RCRA, and ordered us to jointly submit an application for a RCRA permit no later than April 2007.permit. Goodrich and Westlakewe have both challenged the Cabinet’s October 2006 order.

All of these administrative proceedings have been consolidated. At a hearing on February 9, 2007,consolidated, and the administrative law judge vacatedcase is pending before the hearing date and set a status conference for May 18, 2007 based on the fact that the parties are engaged in settlement discussions.Cabinet.

Litigation Related to the Administrative Proceedings.We have the contractual right to reconvey title to former Pond 4 back to Goodrich, and we have tendered former Pond 4 back to Goodrich under this provision. In March 2005, we sued Goodrich in the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky to require Goodrich to accept the tendered reconveyance and to indemnify us for costs we incurred in connection with former Pond 4. Goodrich subsequently filed a third-party complaint against PolyOne, seeking to hold PolyOne responsible for any of Goodrich’s former Pond 4 liabilities to us. Goodrich moved to dismiss our suit against it, we filed a motion for partial summary judgment against Goodrich, and PolyOne moved to dismiss Goodrich’s third-party complaint against it. All three motions are pending.

PolyOne filed a separate lawsuit against us inIn March 2005 in2007, the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky seeking to require us to apply for our own RCRA permit. Purportedly brought under the “citizen suit” provisions of RCRA, PolyOne’s suit involves the same issues raised in the Goodrich and PolyOne challenges to the RCRA permit discussed above. We filed acourt granted Goodrich’s motion to dismiss PolyOne’s suit, whichour claim that Goodrich is pending.required to accept the tendered reconveyance. Although our motion for partial summary judgment was denied then, our claim for indemnification of our costs incurred in connection with Pond 4 is still pending before the court.

Monetary Relief. NeitherExcept as noted above, with respect to the settlement of the contract litigation among us, Goodrich and PolyOne, neither the court nor the Cabinet has established any allocation of the costs of

remediation among the various parties that are involved in the judicial and administrative proceedings discussed above. We are not in a position at this time to state what effect, if any, the resolution of these proceedings could have on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in 2009 and later years. Any monetary liabilitiescash expenditures that we might incur in the future with respect to the remediation of contamination at the complex would likely be spread out over an extended period. As a result, we believe it is unlikely that any remediation costs allocable to us will be material. However, we are notmaterial in a position at this time to state what effect, ifterms of expenditures made in any the resolution of these proceedings could have on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.individual reporting period.

Environmental Investigations. In 2002, the EPA’s National Enforcement Investigations Center, or NEIC, of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, investigated our manufacturing complex in Calvert City. In early 2004, the NEIC investigated our nearby PVC plant. The EPA subsequently submitted information requests to us under the Clean Air Act and RCRA. We met with the EPA in June 2004 to attempt to voluntarily resolve the notices of violation that were issued to us for the 2002 investigation and to voluntarily resolve any issues raised at the PVC plant in the 2004 investigation. Since then, the parties have continued to engage in settlement discussions. The EPA has indicated that it will impose monetary penalties and require plant modifications that will involve capital expenditures. We expect that, based on the EPA’s past practices, the amount of any monetary penalties would be reduced by a portion of the expenditures that we would agree to make for certain “supplemental environmental projects.” We have recorded an accrual for a probable loss related to monetary penalties and other items to be expensed; however, based on correspondence from the EPA, we reduced our loss accrual by $1.5 million during the fourth quarter of 2006. This benefit is classified in cost of sales.expensed. Although the ultimate amount of liability is not ascertainable, basedwe believe that any amounts exceeding the recorded accruals should not materially affect our financial condition. It is possible, however, that the ultimate resolution of this matter could result in a material adverse effect on correspondenceour results of operations or cash flows for a particular reporting period.

EPA Audit of Ethylene Units in Lake Charles.During 2007, the EPA conducted an audit of our ethylene units in Lake Charles, Louisiana, with a focus on leak detection and repair, or LDAR. In January 2008, the U.S. Department of Justice, or DOJ, notified us that the EPA had referred the matter to the DOJ to bring a civil case against us alleging violations of various environmental laws and regulations. The DOJ informed us that it would seek monetary penalties and require us to implement an “enhanced LDAR” program for the ethylene units. Our representatives met with the EPA in February 2008 to conduct initial settlement discussions. While we can offer no assurance as to an outcome, we believe that the accrual is adequate and the ultimate resolution of such mattersthis matter will not be material.have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.

General. It is our policy to comply with all environmental, health and safety requirements and to provide safe and environmentally sound workplaces for our employees. In some cases, compliance can be achieved only by incurring capital expenditures, and we are faced with instances of noncompliance from time to time.

In 2006,2008, we made capital expenditures of $4.6$9.1 million related to environmental compliance. We estimate that we will make capital expenditures of $17.1$4.8 million in 20072009 and $17.6$10.1 million in 2008, respectively.2010, respectively, related to environmental compliance. A significant percentage of the 20072009 and 20082010 estimated amounts are related to equipment replacement and upgrades to maintain environmental compliance.upgrades. We anticipate that stringent environmental regulations will continue to be imposed on us and the industry in general. Although we cannot predict with certainty future expenditures, management believes that our current spending trends will continue.

It is difficult to estimate the future costs of environmental protection and remediation because of many uncertainties, including uncertainties about the status of laws, regulations and information related to individual locations and sites and our ability to rely on third parties to carry out such remediation. Subject to the foregoing, but taking into consideration our experience regarding environmental matters of a similar nature and facts currently known, and except for the outcome of pending litigation and regulatory proceedings, which we cannot predict, but which could have a material adverse effect on us, we believe that capital expenditures and remedial actions to comply with existing laws governing environmental protection will not have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.

Employees

As of December 31, 2006,2008, we had 2,0561,961 employees, 893727 contractors and 4 consultants in the following areas:

 

Category

  Number

Olefins segment

  1,3021,280

Vinyls segment

  1,5491,296

HeadquartersCorporate

  102116

Approximately 12%10% of our employees are represented by labor unions and all of these employees are working under collective bargaining agreements. All of the collective bargaining agreements expire in 2009.2009, but we expect the negotiations on future agreements will begin on time and proceed in a timely manner. We are not aware of any significant issues that might impede the process. There have been no strikes or lockouts and we have not experienced any work stoppages throughout our history. We believe that our relationship with the local union officials and bargaining committees is open and positive.

Technology

Historically, our technology strategy has been to selectively acquire and license third-party proprietary technology. Our selection process incorporates many factors, including the cost of the technology, our customers’ requirements, raw material and energy consumption rates, product quality, capital costs, maintenance requirements and reliability. As part of the acquisition of the Longview facilities, we obtained ownership ofWe own a patent portfolio that containsof intellectual property related to the polyethylene and Epolene® businesses,business, as well as thea research and development group that developed this intellectual property. This group is expected to continue to help us develop our polyethylene and Epolene® assets. The acquisition of this group does not reduce ourWe also need to evaluate and access other third party technology for our Olefins businesses. After acquiring a technology, we devote considerable efforts to further develop and effectively apply the technology with a view to continuously improve our competitive position.

We license technology from a number of third-party providers. In 1988, we selected the providers as follows:

MW Kellogg technology for our first ethylene plant at our Lake Charles complex. In 1995, we selected theand ABB Lummus Crest technology for the secondour ethylene plantplants at Lake Charles. In 1990, we selected Charles;

Mobil/Badger technology for our styrene monomer plant at Lake Charles and in 1996 we selected BP technology for our second Lake Charles polyethylene plant. In 1997, we entered into a corporate-wide technology agreement with Aspen Technology. The Aspen Technology Plantelligence™ includes an advanced process control software system which improves process control and economic optimization. In 1998, we licensed Charles;

Aspen Technology PlantelligencyTM technology for our advanced process control software;

Asahi Chemical membrane technology for our chlor-alkali plant. In 2005, we licensed plant;

Badger EBMax technology for our styrene plant in

at Lake Charles. Also in 2005, we entered into a license with Nova Chemicals Corporation to use the Charles;

Novacat-T Catalyst System in connection with the production of polyethylene at our plant in Lake Charles. We have a license with Charles; and

INEOS (successor to BP Chemicals Ltd.) for technology used to produce LLDPE and HDPE that requires us to make annual paymentsat Lake Charles and Longview.

All of $3.1 million through 2007. At Longview, wethese licenses are perpetual and have abeen paid up license from INEOS for gas phase technology for the production of LLDPE and HDPE, and wein full.

We license out our patented Energx® technology for LLDPE production on a limited basis.

Segment and Geographic Information

Information regarding sales, income (loss) from operations and assets attributable to each of our industry segments, Olefins and Vinyls, and geographical information is presented in Note 1718 to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Available Information

Our Web site address is www.westlakechemical.com.www.westlake.com. We make our Web site content available for information purposes only. It should not be relied upon for investment purposes, nor is it incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K. We make available on this Web site under “Investor Relations/SEC Filings,” free of charge, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports and proxy statements as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file those materials with, or furnish those materials to, the SEC. The SEC also maintains a Web site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding SEC registrants, including us.

We intend to satisfy the requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K to disclose any amendments to our Code of Ethics and any waiver from a provision of our Code of Ethics by posting such information on our Web site at www.westlakechemical.comwww.westlake.com at “Investor Relations/Corporate Governance.”

 

Item 1A.Risk Factors

Cyclicality in the petrochemical industry has in the past, and may in the future, result in reduced operating margins or operating losses.

Our historical operating results reflect the cyclical and volatile nature of the petrochemical industry. The industry is mature and capital intensive. Margins in this industry are sensitive to supply and demand balances both domestically and internationally, which historically have been cyclical. The cycles are generally characterized by periods of tight supply, leading to high operating rates and margins, followed by periods of oversupply primarily resulting from significant capacity additions, leading to reduced operating rates and lower margins.

Moreover, profitability in the petrochemical industry is affected by the worldwide level of demand along with vigorous price competition which may intensify due to, among other things, new domestic and foreign industry capacity. In general, weak economic conditions either in the United States or in the world tend to reduce demand and put pressure on margins. It is not possible to predict accurately the supply and demand balances, market conditions and other factors that will affect industry operating margins in the future.

We face increasing competition and pricing pressures in the Olefins segment. Over the next five years some industry forecasts show a 5% per yearsignificant increase in worldwide ethylene capacity over the next five years, with the largest increase occurring in the Middle East and Asia. Demand is expected to grow 4% per year during this period. As a result, operating margins may not improve and could decline further in 2009 and 2010.

PVC industry operating rates dropped from peak levels in the U.S. are expectedthird quarter of 2006 to peakmuch lower levels in 2008 and decline gradually the remainderfourth quarter of the decade2008. This downturn, which impacts our Vinyls segment, was primarily due to reduced exports.

Industry forecasts show thatweakness in the construction market which started in September 2006 and continued through 2008. Looking forward, North American PVC capacity is projected to increase by 6% in 2008 and 6% in 2009 while it is projected that demand for PVCand 2010. Capacity growth is expected to increase by 2% per year over the next five years. Asexceed demand growth and, as a result, operating rates and margins may not improve and could decline further from peak2008 levels.

The global financial crisis may have impacts on our business and financial condition.

The continued credit crisis and related instability in the global financial system has had, and may continue to have, an impact on our business and our financial condition. We may face significant challenges if conditions in the financial markets do not improve. Our ability to access the capital markets may be severely restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to access such markets, which could have an impact on our flexibility to react to changing economic and business conditions.

We are currently restricted from incurring additional debt, other than specified permitted debt under the indenture governing our senior notes. These restrictions are based on our financial performance and may cease to restrict us in the future, but the availability of additional financing at cost effective interest rates cannot be

assured due to the current volatility of the commercial credit markets. In addition, reduced levels achieved in early 2006.of accounts receivables and inventory affect our credit facility borrowing base. Our credit facility allows us to borrow up to the lesser of (1) the $400 million maximum capacity and (2) the calculated borrowing base, which is based on trade receivables and inventory balances. With our reduced levels of working capital, the borrowing base of our credit facility has declined to $257.9 million as of December 31, 2008. The credit crisis could have an impact on the lenders under our revolving credit facility or on our customers and suppliers, causing them to fail to meet their obligations to us. Additionally, the crisis could lead to reduced demand for our products, which could have a negative impact on our revenues.

We sell commodity products in highly competitive markets and face significant competition and price pressure.

We sell our products in highly competitive markets. Due to the commodity nature of many of our products, competition in these markets is based primarily on price and to a lesser extent on performance, product quality, product deliverability and customer service. As a result, we generally are not able to protect our market position for these products by product differentiation and may not be able to pass on cost increases to our customers. Accordingly, increases in raw material and other costs may not necessarily correlate with changes in prices for these products, either in the direction of the price change or in magnitude. Specifically, timing differences in pricing between raw material prices, which may change daily, and contract product prices, which in many cases are negotiated only monthly or less often, sometimes with an additional lag in effective dates for increases, have had and may continue to have a negative effect on profitability. Significant volatility in raw material costs tends to place pressure on product margins as sales price increases generally tend tocould lag behind raw material cost increases. Conversely, when raw material costs decrease, customers could seek relief in the form of lower sales prices.

HighVolatility in costs of raw materials and energy may result in increased operating expenses and adversely affect our results of operations and cash flow.

Significant variations in the costs and availability of raw materials and energy may negatively affect our results of operations. These costs have risenrose significantly over the past several years until the fourth quarter of 2008, due primarily to oil and natural gas cost increases. We purchase significant amounts of ethane and propane feedstock, natural gas, chlorine and salt to produce several basic chemicals. We also purchase significant amounts of electricity to supply the energy required in our production processes. The cost of these raw materials and energy, in the aggregate, represents a substantial portion of our operating expenses. The prices of raw materials and energy generally follow price trends of, and vary with market conditions for, crude oil and natural gas, which are highly volatile and cyclical. Our results of operations have been and could in the future be significantly affected by increases in these costs. Price increases increase our working capital needs and, accordingly, can adversely affect our liquidity and cash flow. In addition, because we utilize the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method of inventory accounting, during periods of falling raw material prices and declining sales prices, such as the fourth quarter of 2008, our results of operations for a particular reporting period could be negatively impacted as the lower sales prices would be reflected in operating income more quickly than the corresponding drop in feedstock costs. We typically do not enter into significant hedging arrangements with respectuse derivative instruments to prices of raw materials. However, we have occasionally entered into short-term contracts in order to hedge our costs for ethane and natural gas.reduce price volatility risk on some feedstock commodities. In the future, we may decide not to hedge any of our raw material costs or any hedges we enter into may not have successful results.

In addition, higher natural gas prices could adversely affect the ability of many domestic chemical producers to compete internationally since U.S. producers are disproportionately reliant on natural gas and natural gas liquids as an energy source and as a raw material. In addition to the impact that this has on our exports, reduced competitiveness of U.S. producers also has in the past increased the availability of chemicals in North America, as U.S. production that would otherwise have been sold overseas was instead offered for sale domestically, resulting in excess supply and lower prices in North America. We could also face the threat of imported products from countries that have a cost advantage.

External factors beyond our control can cause fluctuations in demand for our products and in our prices and margins, which may negatively affect our results of operations and cash flow.

External factors beyond our control can cause volatility in raw material prices, demand for our products, product prices and volumes and deterioration in operating margins. These factors can also magnify the impact of economic cycles on our business and results of operations. Examples of external factors include:

 

general economic conditions;

 

the level of business activity in the industries that use our products;

competitor action;

 

technological innovations;

 

currency fluctuations;

 

international events and circumstances;

 

governmental regulation in the United States and abroad; and

 

severe weather and natural disasters.disasters; and

credit worthiness of customers and vendors.

We believe that events in the Middle East have had a particular influence overin the past several years and may continue to do so untilin the situations normalize.future. In addition, a number of our products are highly dependent on durable goods markets, such as housing and construction, which are themselves particularly cyclical. The significant weakening of the U.S. residential housing market has weakened significantly during 2006.recent years, and the current economic downturn, have had an adverse effect on demand and margins for our products. If the global economy worsens in general, or the U.S. residential housing market worsens in particular, demand for our products and our income and cash flow willcould be adversely affected.affected to an even greater degree.

We may reduce production at or idle a facility for an extended period of time or exit a business because of high raw material prices, an oversupply of a particular product and/or a lack of demand for that particular product, which makes production uneconomical. In 2008, we closed a PVC window and door components plant and announced the idling of a PVC pipe plant. Temporary outages sometimes last for several quarters or, in certain cases, longer and cause us to incur costs, including the expenses of maintaining and restarting these facilities. Factors such as increases in raw material costs or lower demand in the future may cause us to further reduce operating rates, idle facilities or exit uncompetitive businesses.

Continued hostilitiesHostilities in the Middle East and/or the occurrence or threat of occurrence of terrorist attacks such as those against the United States on September 11, 2001 could adversely affect the economies of the United States and other developed countries. A lower level of economic activity could result in a decline in demand for our products, which could adversely affect our net sales and margins and limit our future growth prospects. In addition, these risks have increased in the past, and may continue to increase volatilityin the future. Volatility in prices for crude oil and natural gas and could also result in increased feedstock costs. In addition, these risks could cause increased instability in the financial and insurance markets and could adversely affect our ability to access capital and to obtain insurance coverage that we consider adequate or areis otherwise required by our contracts with third parties.

Our inability to compete successfully may reduce our operating profits.

The petrochemical industry is highly competitive. In the last severalrecent years, there have been a number of mergers, acquisitions, spin-offs and joint ventures in the industry. This restructuring activity has resulted in fewer but more competitive producers, many of which are larger than we are and have greater financial resources than we do. Among our competitors are some of the world’s largest chemical companies and chemical industry joint

ventures. Competition within the petrochemical industry and in the manufacturing of fabricated products is affected by a variety of factors, including:

 

product price;

 

technical support and customer service;

 

quality;

 

reliability of supply;

 

availability of potential substitute materials; and

 

product performance.

Changes in the competitive environment could have a material adverse effect on our business and our operations. These changes could include:

 

the emergence of new domestic and international competitors;

 

the rate of capacity additions by competitors;

 

change in customer base due to mergers;

 

the intensification of price competition in our markets;

 

the introduction of new or substitute products by competitors;

 

the technological innovations of competitors; and

 

the adoption of new environmental laws and regulatory requirements.

Our production facilities process some volatile and hazardous materials that subject us to operating risks that could adversely affect our operating results.

We have four major manufacturing facilities: our olefins complex in Lake Charles, Louisiana, our polyethylene and Epolene® complex in Longview, Texas, our vinyls complex in Calvert City, Kentucky and our vinyls facility in Geismar, Louisiana. Our operations are subject to the usual hazards associated with commodity chemical and plastics manufacturing and the related use, storage, transportation and disposal of feedstocks, products and wastes, including:

 

pipeline leaks and ruptures;

 

explosions;

 

fires;

 

severe weather and natural disasters;

 

mechanical failure;

 

unscheduled downtime;

 

labor difficulties;

 

transportation interruptions;

 

chemical spills;

 

discharges or releases of toxic or hazardous substances or gases;

 

storage tank leaks;

 

other environmental risks; and

 

terrorist attacks.

These hazards can cause personal injury and loss of life, catastrophic damage to or destruction of property and equipment and environmental damage, and may result in a suspension of operations and the imposition of civil or criminal penalties. We could become subject to environmental claims brought by governmental entities or third parties. A loss or shutdown over an extended period of operations at any one of our four major operating facilities would have a material adverse effect on us. We maintain property, business interruption and casualty insurance that we believe is in accordance with customary industry practices, but we cannot be fully insured against all potential hazards incident to our business, including losses resulting from war risks or terrorist acts. As a result of market conditions, premiums and deductibles for certain insurance policies can increase substantially and, in some instances, certain insurance may become unavailable or available only for reduced amounts of coverage. If we were to incur a significant liability for which we were not fully insured, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial position.

New regulationsRegulations concerning the transportation of hazardous chemicals and the security of chemical manufacturing facilities could result in higher operating costs.

Targets such as chemical manufacturing facilities may be at greater risk of terrorist attacks than other targets in the United States. As a result, the chemical industry responded to the issues surrounding the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 by starting initiatives relating to the security of chemicals industry facilities and the transportation of hazardous chemicals in the United States. Simultaneously, local, state and federal governments have begunbegan a regulatory process that could leadled to new regulations impacting the security of chemical plant locations and the transportation of hazardous chemicals. Our business or our customers’ businesses could be adversely affected because of the cost of complying with newthese regulations.

Our operations and assets are subject to extensive environmental, health and safety laws and regulations.

We use large quantities of hazardous substances and generate large quantities of hazardous wastes in our manufacturing operations. Due to the large quantities of hazardous substances and wastes, our industry is highly regulated and monitored by various environmental regulatory authorities. As such, we are subject to extensive federal, state and local laws and regulations pertaining to pollution and protection of the environment, health and safety, which govern, among other things, emissions to the air, discharges onto land or waters, the maintenance of safe conditions in the workplace, the remediation of contaminated sites, and the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste materials. Some of these laws and regulations are subject to varying and conflicting interpretations. Many of these laws and regulations provide for substantial fines and potential criminal sanctions for violations and require the installation of costly pollution control equipment or operational changes to limit pollution emissions and/or reduce the likelihood or impact of hazardous substance releases, whether permitted or not. For example, all four of our petrochemical facilities, in Lake Charles, Longview, Calvert City and Geismar, may require improvements to comply with the anticipated wastewater regulations of the synthetic organic chemical manufacturing industries.certain changes in process safety management requirements.

In addition, we cannot accurately predict future developments, such as increasingly strict environmental and safety laws or regulations, and inspection and enforcement policies, as well as resulting higher compliance costs, which might affect the handling, manufacture, use, emission, disposal or remediation of products, other materials or hazardous and non-hazardous waste, and we cannot predict with certainty the extent of our future liabilities and costs under environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. These liabilities and costs may be material.

Members of the U.S. Congress have introduced proposals to reduce or cap the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (“GHG”). Legislation that controls or limits GHG emissions could adversely affect our energy supply and costs and the costs of raw materials derived from fossil fuels. The cost of complying with any new law or regulation will depend on the details of the particular program. Any such laws and regulations could adversely affect the operation of our facilities, result in additional costs that could adversely affect our results of operations and reduce demand for our products.

We also may face liability for alleged personal injury or property damage due to exposure to chemicals or other hazardous substances at our facilities or to chemicals that we otherwise manufacture, handle or own. Although these types of claims have not historically had a material impact on our operations, a significant increase in the success of these types of claims could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flow.

Environmental laws may have a significant effect on the nature and scope of, and responsibility for, cleanup of contamination at our current and former operating facilities, the costs of transportation and storage of raw materials and finished products, the costs of reducing emissions and the costs of the storage and disposal of wastewater. In addition, the federal CERCLA and similar state laws impose joint and several liability for the costs of remedial investigations and actions on the entities that generated waste, arranged for disposal of the wastes, transported to or selected the disposal sites and the past and present owners and operators of such sites. All such potentially responsible parties (or any one of them, including us) may be required to bear all of such costs regardless of fault, legality of the original disposal or ownership of the disposal site. In addition, CERCLA and similar state laws could impose liability for damages to natural resources caused by contamination.

Although we seek to take preventive action, our operations are inherently subject to accidental spills, discharges or other releases of hazardous substances that may make us liable to governmental entities or private parties. This may involve contamination associated with our current and former facilities, facilities to which

we sent wastes or by-products for treatment or disposal and other contamination. Accidental discharges may

occur in the future, future action may be taken in connection with past discharges, governmental agencies may assess damages or penalties against us in connection with any past or future contamination, or third parties may assert claims against us for damages allegedly arising out of any past or future contamination. In addition, we may be liable for existing contamination related to certain of our facilities for which, in some cases, we believe third parties are liable in the event such third parties fail to perform their obligations. For further discussion of such existing contamination, see Item 1, “Business—Environmental and Other Regulation.”

Our property insurance has only partial coverage for acts of terrorism and, in the event of terrorist attack, we could lose net sales and our facilities.

As a result of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and other events, our insurance carriers created certain exclusions for losses from terrorism from our property insurance policies. While separate terrorism insurance coverage is available, premiums for full coverage are very expensive, especially for chemical facilities, and the policies are subject to high deductibles. Available terrorism coverage typically excludes coverage for losses from acts of war and from acts of foreign governments as well as nuclear, biological and chemical attacks. We have determined that it is not economically prudent to obtain full terrorism insurance, especially given the significant risks that are not covered by such insurance. Where feasible we have secured some limited terrorism insurance coverage on our property where insurers have included it in their overall programs. In the event of a terrorist attack impacting one or more of our facilities, we could lose the net sales from the facilities and the facilities themselves, and could become liable for any contamination or for personal or property damage due to exposure to hazardous materials caused by any catastrophic release that may result from a terrorist attack.

We have significant debt, which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business.

As of December 31, 2006,2008, we had total outstanding debt of $260.2 million, which$510.3 million. Our debt, net of restricted cash, represented approximately 18%23% of our total capitalization. Our annual interest expense for 20062008 was $16.5$34.0 million. Our level of debt and the limitations imposed on us by our existing or future debt agreements could have significant consequences on our business and future prospects, including the following:

 

a significant portion of our cash flow from operations will be dedicated to the payment of interest and principal on our debt and will not be available for other purposes, including the payment of dividends;

we may not be able to obtain necessary financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements or other purposes;

 

our less leveraged competitors could have a competitive advantage because they have greater flexibility to utilize their cash flow to improve their operations;

 

we may be exposed to risks inherent in interest rate fluctuations because some of our borrowings are at variable rates of interest, which would result in higher interest expense in the event of increases in interest rates; and

 

we could be more vulnerable in the event of a downturn in our business that would leave us less able to take advantage of significant business opportunities and to react to changes in our business and in market or industry conditions.conditions; and

should we pursue additional expansions of existing assets or acquisition of third party assets, the availability of additional liquidity at cost effective interest rates cannot be assured due to the current volatility of the commercial credit markets.

To service our indebtedness, we will require a significant amount of cash. Our ability to generate cash depends on many factors beyond our control.

Our ability to make payments on and to refinance our indebtedness and to fund planned capital expenditures and pay cash dividends will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. This is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control.

Our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations, currently anticipated cost savings and operating improvements may not be realized on schedule and future borrowings may not be available to us under

our credit facility in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs. We may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity. In addition, we may not be able to refinance any of our indebtedness, including our credit facility and our senior notes, on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

Our credit facility and the indenture governing our senior notes impose significant operating and financial restrictions, which may prevent us from capitalizing on business opportunities and taking some actions.

Our credit facility and the indenture governing our senior notes impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us. These restrictions limit our ability to:

 

pay dividends on, redeem or repurchase our capital stock;

 

make investments and other restricted payments;

 

incur additional indebtedness or issue preferred stock;

 

create liens;

 

permit dividend or other payment restrictions on our restricted subsidiaries;

 

sell all or substantially all of our assets or consolidate or merge with or into other companies;

 

engage in transactions with affiliates; and

 

engage in sale-leaseback transactions.

These limitations are subject to a number of important qualifications and exceptions. Our credit facility also requires us to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio if the amount available to be borrowed falls belowor maintain a specified level.amount of availability under the credit facility. These covenants may adversely affect our ability to finance our future operations and capital needs and to pursue available business opportunities. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default in respect of the related debt. If a

default occurred, the relevant lenders could elect to declare the debt, together with accrued interest and other fees, to be immediately due and payable and proceed against any collateral securing that debt. In addition, any acceleration of debt under our credit facility will constitute a default under some of our other debt, including the indenture governing our senior notes. Also, because of our current reduced levels of working capital, the borrowing base of our revolving credit facility declined to $257.9 million as of December 31, 2008, which is below the maximum borrowing capacity of $400 million. In addition, the indenture governing our senior notes currently restricts the incurrence of additional debt by us, except for specified permitted debt (including borrowings under our credit facility, additional borrowings under one or more term loan facilities not to exceed $200 million and $100 million of other debt), because our fixed charge coverage ratio fell below 2.0 at December 31, 2008.

We may pursue acquisitions, dispositions and joint ventures and other transactions that may impact our results of operations and financial condition.

We seek opportunities to maximize efficiency and create stockholder value through various transactions. These transactions may include various domestic and international business combinations, purchases or sales of assets or contractual arrangements or joint ventures that are intended to result in the realization of synergies, the creation of efficiencies or the generation of cash to reduce debt. To the extent permitted under our credit facility, the indenture governing our senior notes and other debt agreements, some of these transactions may be financed by additional borrowings by us. Although these transactions are expected to yield longer-term benefits if the expected efficiencies and synergies of the transactions are realized, they could adversely affect our results of operations in the short term because of the costs associated with such transactions. Other transactions may advance future cash flows from some of our businesses, thereby yielding increased short-term liquidity, but consequently resulting in lower cash flows from these operations over the longer term. These transactions may not yield the business benefits, synergies or financial benefits anticipated by management.

We may have difficulties integrating the operations of acquired businesses.

If we are unable to integrate or to successfully manage the Longview facilities we acquired from Eastman or other businesses that we have acquired or that we may acquire in the future, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. We may not be able to realize the operating efficiencies, synergies, cost savings or other benefits expected from the acquisitions for a number of reasons, including the following:

 

we may fail to integrate the businesses we acquire into a cohesive, efficient enterprise;

our resources, including management resources, are limited and may be strained if we engage in a significant number of acquisitions, and acquisitions may divert our management’s attention from initiating or carrying out programs to save costs or enhance revenues; and

 

our failure to retain key employees and contracts of the businesses we acquire.

The trading price of our common stock, which has declined substantially, may negatively impact us.

The capital and credit markets have been experiencing volatility and disruption for more than 12 months. Recently, the volatility and disruption has reached unprecedented levels. The markets have produced downward pressure on stock prices and credit availability. The market value of our common stock, which has declined significantly, is a factor in determining whether our goodwill is impaired. If current levels of market disruption and volatility continue or worsen, the market value of our common stock could decline further and result in an impairment of goodwill. A decline in the market value of our common stock could also negatively impact us in other ways, including making it more difficult for us to raise any equity capital.

We will be controlled by our principal stockholder and its affiliates as long as they own a majority of our common stock, and our other stockholders will be unable to affect the outcome of stockholder voting during that time. Our interests may conflict with those of the principal stockholder and its affiliates, and we may not be able to resolve these conflicts on terms possible in arms-length transactions.

As long as TTWF LP (the “principal stockholder”) and its affiliates (the “principal stockholder affiliates”) own a majority of our outstanding common stock, they will be able to exert significant control over us, and our other stockholders, by themselves, will not be able to affect the outcome of any stockholder vote. As a result, the principal stockholder, subject to any fiduciary duty owed to our minority stockholders under Delaware law, will be able to control all matters affecting us (some of which may present conflicts of interest), including:

 

the composition of our board of directors and, through the board, any determination with respect to our business direction and policies, including the appointment and removal of officers and the determination of compensation;

 

any determinations with respect to mergers or other business combinations or the acquisition or disposition of assets;

 

our financing decisions, capital raising activities and the payment of dividends; and

 

amendments to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws.

The principal stockholder will be permitted to transfer a controlling interest in us without being required to offer our other stockholders the ability to participate or realize a premium for their shares of common stock. A sale of a controlling interest to a third party may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and our business and results of operations because the change in control may result in a change of management decisions and business policy. Because we have elected not to be subject to Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the principal stockholder may find it easier to sell its controlling interest to a third party than if we had not so elected.

In addition to any conflicts of interest that arise in the foregoing areas, our interests may conflict with those of the principal stockholder affiliates in a number of other areas, including:

 

business opportunities that may be presented to the principal stockholder affiliates and to our officers and directors associated with the principal stockholder affiliates, and competition between the principal stockholder affiliates and us within the same lines of business;

 

the solicitation and hiring of employees from each other; and

 

agreements with the principal stockholder affiliates relating to corporate services that may be material to our business.

We may not be able to resolve any potential conflicts with the principal stockholder affiliates, and even if we do, the resolution may be less favorable than if we were dealing with an unaffiliated party, particularly if the conflicts are resolved while we are controlled by the principal stockholder affiliates. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the principal stockholder affiliates have no duty to refrain from engaging in activities or lines of business similar to ours and that the principal stockholder affiliates will not be liable to us or our stockholders for failing to present specified corporate opportunities to us.

Cautionary Statements about Forward Looking Statements

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides safe harbor provisions for forward-looking information. Certain of the statements contained in this Form 10-K are forward-looking statements. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this Form 10-K that address activities, events or developments that we expect, project, believe or anticipate will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “believes,“believ es,” “intends,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “anticipates,” “expected” or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategies

or trends. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot give any assurances that these expectations will prove to be correct. Forward-looking statements relate to matters such as:

 

future operating rates, margins, cash flow and demand for our products;

industry market outlook;

 

production capacities;

 

our ability to borrow additional funds under our credit facility;

 

our ability to meet our liquidity needs;

 

our intended quarterly dividends;

 

future capacity additions and expansions in the industry;

 

timing, size, scope, cost and other matters related to the project in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago;

 

timing and results of the planned maintenance turnaroundsexpansion of our chlor-alkali plant at our Lake CharlesGeismar facility;

timing and duration of plant idlings;

 

compliance with present and future environmental regulations and costs associated with environmentally related penalties, capital expenditures, remedial actions and proceedings;

timing and results of negotiations with respect to collective bargaining agreements;

 

effects of pending legal proceedings; and

 

timing of and amount of capital expenditures.

We have based these statements on assumptions and analyses in light of our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors we believe were appropriate in the circumstances when the statements were made. Forward-looking statements by their nature involve substantial risks and uncertainties that could significantly impact expected results, and actual future results could differ materially from those described in such statements. While it is not possible to identify all factors, we continue to face many risks and uncertainties. Among the factors that could cause actual future results to differ materially are the risks and uncertainties discussed under “Risk Factors” and those described from time to time in our other filings with the SEC including, but not limited to, the following:

 

general economic and business conditions;

 

the cyclical nature of the chemical industry;

 

the availability, cost and volatility of raw materials and energy;

 

uncertainties associated with the United States and worldwide economies, including those due to the global economic slow down, the credit crisis and political tensions in the Middle East and elsewhere;

 

current and potential governmental regulatory actions in the United States and regulatory actions and political unrest in other countries;

 

industry production capacity and operating rates;

 

the supply/demand balance for our products;

 

competitive products and pricing pressures;

instability in the credit and financial markets;

access to capital markets;

terrorist acts;

 

operating interruptions (including leaks, explosions, fires, weather-related incidents, mechanical failure, unscheduled downtime, labor difficulties, transportation interruptions, spills and releases and other environmental risks);

 

changes in laws or regulations;

 

technological developments;

 

our ability to implement our business strategies; and

 

creditworthiness of our customers.

Many of such factors are beyond our ability to control or predict. Any of the factors, or a combination of these factors, could materially affect our future results of operations and the ultimate accuracy of the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of our future performance, and our actual results and future developments may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Management cautions against putting undue reliance on forward-looking statements or projecting any future results based on such statements or present or prior earnings levels. Every forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of the particular statement, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements.

 

Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

 

Item 2.Properties

Our manufacturing facilities and principal products are set forth below. Except as noted, we own each of these facilities.

 

Location

  

Principal Products

Lake Charles, Louisiana

  Ethylene, polyethylene, styrene

Longview, Texas(1)

  Polyethylene, Epolene®polyethylene wax

Calvert City, Kentucky(2)

  PVC, VCM, chlorine, caustic soda, ethylene, PVC pipe

Geismar, Louisiana

  PVC, VCM and EDC

Booneville, Mississippi

  PVC pipe

Springfield, Kentucky

  PVC pipe

Litchfield, Illinois

  PVC pipe

Wichita Falls, Texas

  PVC pipe
Van Buren, Arkansas

Bristol, Indiana

  PVC pipe
Bristol, Indiana

Leola, Pennsylvania

  PVC pipe
Leola, Pennsylvania

Greensboro, Georgia

  PVC pipe
Greensboro, Georgia

Van Buren, Arkansas

PVC pipe (currently idled)

Yucca, Arizona(3)

  PVC pipe

Evansville, Indiana

  Fence and deck components

Calgary, Alberta, Canada(3)Canada(4)

  Window patioand door and fence components
Pawling, New YorkWindow, patio door and fence components

(1)We lease the land on which our Longview facilities arefacility is located.

 

(2)We lease a portion of our Calvert City facilities.facility.

 

(3)We lease our Yucca facility.

(4)We lease our Calgary facility.

Olefins

Our Lake Charles complex consists of three tracts on over 1,300 acres in Lake Charles, Louisiana, each within two miles of one another. The complex includes two ethylene plants, two polyethylene plants and a styrene monomer plant. The combined capacity of our two ethylene plants is approximately 2.42.5 billion pounds per year. The capacity of our two polyethylene plants is approximately 1.4 billion pounds per year and the capacity of our styrene plant is approximately 485570 million pounds per year. Our newest polyethylene plant has two production units that use gas phase technology to manufacture both LLDPE and HDPE. Our styrene monomer plant is being modernized with state-of-the-art technology. We are planning to implementimplemented modifications to the styrene monomer plant in 20072008 designed to save energy and reduce raw material consumption.

Our Lake Charles complex includes a marine terminal that provides for worldwide shipping capabilities. The complex also is located near rail transportation facilities, which allows for efficient delivery of raw materials and prompt shipment of our products to customers. In addition, the complex is connected by pipeline systems to our ethylene feedstock sources in both Texas and Louisiana. Within the complex, our ethylene plants are connected by pipeline systems to our polyethylene and styrene plants.

Our Longview, Texas facility consists of three polyethylene plants, an Epolene® polymersa specialty polyethylene wax plant, and a 200 mile, ten inch ethylene pipeline that runs from Mt. Belvieu, Texas to Longview. The plants are located inside a large Eastman Chemical Company (Eastman) facility where Eastman produces a number of other chemical products. We can access ethylene to support our polyethylene operations either by purchasing ethylene from Eastman at the site or by transporting ethylene from our Lake Charles plant into the Gulf Coast grid and by transporting ethylene through our ethylene pipeline into our Longview facilities.facility. The technologies we use to produce LDPE, LLDPE and HDPE at Longview are similar to the same technologies that we employ at Lake Charles (autoclave LDPE and gas phase LLDPE and HDPE). The Longview facilities havefacility has a total capacity of 1.1 billion pounds per year.

Vinyls

Our Calvert City complex is situated on 550 acres on the Tennessee River in Kentucky and includes an ethylene plant, a chlor-alkali plant, a VCM plant, a PVC plant and a large diameter PVC pipe plant. The capacity of our Calvert City ethylene plant is 450 million pounds per year and the capacity of our chlor-alkali plant is 410550 million pounds of chlorine and 450605 million pounds of caustic soda per year. Our chlorine plant utilizes efficient, state-of-the-art membrane technology. Our VCM plant has a capacity of 1.3 billion pounds per year and our Calvert City PVC plant has a capacity of 800 million1.1 billion pounds per year.

In 2002,October 2007, we acquiredannounced our plans to expand our chlor-alkali and PVC resin units and build a large diameter PVC pipe plant at our Calvert City complex. The chlor-alkali expansion was completed in the fourth quarter of 2008 and will enhance the integration of the vinyls product chain. The expanded chlor-alkali unit added 50,000 ECUs, bringing Calvert City’s total capacity to 275,000 ECUs per year. The PVC resin plant expansion was completed in the first quarter of 2009 and increased capacity by 300 million pounds per year, bringing our total PVC capacity to 1.7 billion pounds annually. During 2008, we completed construction of a new large diameter PVC pipe facility with a capacity of approximately 55 million pounds per year of large diameter pipe.

Our vinyls facility in Geismar, Louisiana which is situated on 184 acres on the Mississippi River. The site includes a PVC plant with a capacity of 600 million pounds per year and a VCM plant with a capacity of 600550 million pounds per year with related EDC capacity. In August 2008, we announced that we will construct a new chlor-alkali plant to be located at our vinyls manufacturing complex in Geismar. The new chlor-alkali unit is expected to produce 250,000 ECUs annually upon completion, which is expected in 2011. The new plant is expected to improve the vertical integration of our vinyls business from chlorine downstream into VCM and PVC, and increase caustic soda sales.

We currently operate eleven

As of February 15, 2009, we operated 11 fabricated products plants, consisting of eightnine PVC pipe plants, and threetwo profiles plants producing PVC fence, decking, windows and patio door profiles. The majority of our plants are strategically located near our Calvert City complex and serve customers throughout the middle United States. The combined capacity of our fabricated product plants is 9151,076 million pounds per year.

We announced in March 2008 that we would open a new PVC pipe plant in Yucca, Arizona to produce pipe for water, sewer, irrigation and related industrial and residential markets in the Western United States. The new plant became operational in the first quarter of 2009 with a capacity of approximately 120 million pounds of PVC pipe annually.

We decided to permanently close our Pawling, New York facility and consolidate manufacturing of window and door components in Calgary, Canada in the first quarter of 2008. In the fourth quarter of 2008, we announced the idling of our PVC pipe plant in Van Buren, Arkansas.

We believe our current facilities and announced expansions are adequate to meet the requirements of our present and foreseeable future operations.

Headquarters

Our principal executive offices are located in Houston, Texas. Our office space is leased, at market rates, from an affiliate under a lease that expires on December 31, 2009.2014. See Note 13 to the audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K and “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in our proxy statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 20062008 pursuant to Regulation 14A with respect to our 20072009 annual meeting of stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”).

Item 3.Legal Proceedings

In October 2003, we filed suit against CITGO Petroleum Corporation in state court in Lake Charles, Louisiana, asserting that CITGO had failed to take sufficient hydrogen under two successive contracts pursuant to which we supplied and we supply to CITGO hydrogen that we generate as a co-product in our ethylene plants in Lake Charles. In December 2003, CITGO responded with an answer and a counterclaim against us, asserting that CITGO had overpaid us for hydrogen due to our allegedly faulty sales meter and that we are obligated to reimburse CITGO for the overpayments. In January 2004, we filed a motion to compel arbitration of CITGO’s counterclaim and to stay all court proceedings relating to the counterclaim. In May 2004, the parties filed a joint motion with the court to provide for CITGO’s counterclaim to be resolved by arbitration. Our claim against CITGO was approximately $8.1 million plus interest at the prime rate plus two percentage points and attorneys’ fees. CITGO’s claim against us was approximately $7.8 million plus interest at the prime rate plus two percentage points and attorneys’ fees. Effective November 21, 2006, the parties agreed to settle the litigation and dismiss their claims. As a result of this settlement, we recorded a benefit of $2.6 million in cost of sales due to a reduction in contingency reserves.

In addition to the matters described above and under Item 1, “Business—Environmental and Other Regulation,” we are involved in various routine legal proceedings incidental to the conduct of our business. We do not believe that any of these routine legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

 

Item 4.Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

None.

Executive Officers of the Registrant

Albert Chao(age 57). Mr. Chao has been our President since May 1996 and a director since June 2003. Mr. Chao has over 30 years of international experience in the chemical industry. In 1985, Mr. Chao assisted his father T.T. Chao and his brother James Chao in founding us, where he served as Executive Vice President until he succeeded James as President. He has held positions in the Controller’s Group of Mobil Oil Corporation, in the Technical Department of Hercules Incorporated, in the Plastics Group of Gulf Oil Corporation and has served as Assistant to the Chairman of China General Plastics Group and Deputy Managing Director of a plastics fabrication business in Singapore. He is also a director of Titan Chemicals Corp. Bhd. Mr. Chao received a bachelor’s degree from Brandeis University and an M.B.A. from Columbia University. Mr. Chao is a trustee of Rice University.

James Chao(age 59)61). Mr. Chao has been our Chairman of the Board since July 2004 and became a director in June 2003. He previously served as our Vice Chairman of the Board since May 1996. Mr. Chao also has responsibility for the oversight of our Vinyls business. Mr. Chao has over 30 years of international experience in the chemical industry. In June 2003, he was named Chairman of Titan Chemicals Corp. Bhd. and previously served as the Managing Director. He has served as a Special Assistant to the Chairman of China General Plastics Group and worked in various financial, managerial and technical positions at Mattel Incorporated, Developmental Bank of Singapore, Singapore Gulf Plastics Pte. Ltd. and Gulf Oil Corporation. Mr. Chao, along with his brother Albert Chao, assisted their father T.T. Chao in founding us and served as our first president from 1985 to 1996. Mr. Chao received his Bachelor of Science degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an M.B.A. from Columbia University.

Albert Chao(age 59). Mr. Chao has been our President since May 1996 and a director since June 2003. Mr. Chao has over 30 years of international experience in the chemical industry. In 1985, Mr. Chao assisted his father T.T. Chao and his brother James Chao in founding us, where he served as Executive Vice President until

he succeeded James as President. He has held positions in the Controller’s Group of Mobil Oil Corporation, in the Technical Department of Hercules Incorporated, in the Plastics Group of Gulf Oil Corporation and has served as Assistant to the Chairman of China General Plastics Group and Deputy Managing Director of a plastics fabrication business in Singapore. He is also a director of Titan Chemicals Corp. Bhd. Mr. Chao received a bachelor’s degree from Brandeis University and an M.B.A. from Columbia University. Mr. Chao is a trustee emeritus of Rice University.

M. Steven Bender(age 52). Mr. Bender was promoted to Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer in February 2008. From February 2007 to February 2008, Mr. Bender served as our Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and from June 2005 to February 2007, he served as our Vice President and Treasurer. From June 2002 until June 2005, Mr. Bender served as Vice President and Treasurer of KBR, Inc., and from 1996 to 2002 he held the position of Assistant Treasurer for Halliburton Company. Prior to that, he held various financial positions within that company. Additionally, he was employed by Texas Eastern Corporation for over a decade in a variety of increasingly responsible audit, finance and treasury positions. Mr. Bender received a Bachelor of Business Administration from Texas A&M University and an M.B.A. from Southern Methodist University. Mr. Bender is also a Certified Public Accountant.

Donald M. Condon, Jr.(age 59). Mr. Condon was appointed Senior Vice President, Olefins and Corporate Business Development in July 2008. From July 2006 to July 2008, Mr. Condon was our Senior Vice President, Corporate Planning and Business Development. Prior to joining us, Mr. Condon served as the Managing Director of Titan Chemicals Corp. Bhd. from July 2003 to June 2006 and President & General Manager of Conoco Energy Ventures from 1998 until July 2003. He previously was employed by Conoco and Dupont in a variety of management and executive positions. Mr. Condon holds a B.B.A. from the University of Wisconsin.

David R. Hansen(age 56)58). Mr. Hansen has been our Senior Vice President, Administration, since September 1999 and served as Vice President, Human Resources from 1993 to 1999. From August 2003 until July 2004 he was also our Secretary. Prior to joining us in 1990, Mr. Hansen served as Director of Human Resources & Administration for Agrico Chemical Company and held various human resources and administrative management positions within the Williams Companies. He has 30 years of administrative management experience in the oil, gas, energy, chemicals, pipeline, plastics and computer industries. He received

his Bachelor of Science degree in Social Science from the University of Utah and has completed extensive graduate work toward an M.S. in Human Resources Management.

Wayne D. Morse(age 63)65). Mr. Morse has been a Senior Vice President since 1994 and was named Senior Vice President, Vinyls and Manufacturing in January 2003. In July 2004, he was named Senior Vice President, Vinyls. Mr. Morse joined us in 1990 after 23 years of service with Goodrich Corporation. He held the position of Vice President and General Manager of BFG Intermediates Division, which had ethylene, chlor-alkali and EDC/VCM operations. Since joining us, Mr. Morse has had broad executive responsibility for all chemical operations and is the senior manufacturing executive of our company. Mr. Morse earned a B.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Louisville.

M. Steven BenderJeffrey L. Taylor(age 50)55). Mr. Taylor was promoted to Senior Vice President, Polyethylene in April 2008. From January 2003 to April 2008, Mr. Taylor served as our Vice President, Polyethylene. Mr. Taylor joined us in March 2002 as Manager, Polyethylene Marketing. Mr. Taylor joined us after a 25-year career with Chevron Phillips Chemical Company where he served as the Vice President, Polyethylene, Americas from 2000 to 2001 and Marketing Manager—Polyethylene from 1999 to 2000. During his career, he has held a variety of sales, marketing, operations and general management assignments. He is a graduate of the University of Delaware with a B.S. in Business Administration and a B.A. in Mathematics.

Andrew Kenner (age 44). Mr. BenderKenner has been our Vice President, and TreasurerManufacturing since June 2005. On February 23, 2007,joining us in July 2008. Prior to joining us, Mr. Bender was elected to the additional position of Chief Financial Officer. From June 2002 until June 2005, Mr. BenderKenner served as Vice President and TreasurerGeneral Manager of Kellogg Brown and Root, Inc., a subsidiary of Halliburton Company, andValero Energy Corporation’s Delaware City Refinery from 1996September 2005 to 2002 heJuly 2008. From August 2004 to September

2005, Mr. Kenner held the position of Assistant TreasurerVice President and General Manager of Valero’s Houston Refinery and from August 2003 to August 2004, he served as Operations Director for Halliburton. Prior to that, he held various financial positions within that company. Additionally, he was employed byValero’s Texas Eastern Corporation for overCity Refinery. Mr. Kenner holds a decadeB.S. in a variety of increasingly responsible audit, finance and treasury positions. Mr. Bender received a Bachelor of Business AdministrationAerospace Engineering from Texas A&M University and an M.B.A.a M.S. in Chemical Engineering from Southern Methodist University. Mr. Bender is also a Certified Public Accountant.the University of Texas at Austin.

George J. Mangieri(age 56)58). Mr. Mangieri has been our Vice President and ControllerChief Accounting Officer since joining us inFebruary 2007. From April 2000.2000 to February 2007, he was Vice President and Controller. Prior to joining us, Mr. Mangieri served as Vice President and Controller of Zurn Industries, Inc. from 1998 to 2000. He previously was employed as Vice President and Controller for Imo Industries, Inc. in New Jersey, and spent over 10 years in public accounting with Ernst & Young LLP, where he served as Senior Manager. He received his Bachelor of Science degree from Monmouth College and is a Certified Public Accountant.

Jeffrey L. Taylor(age 53). Mr. Taylor has been our Vice President, Polyethylene, since January 2003. Mr. Taylor joined us in March 2002 as Manager, PE Marketing. Mr. Taylor joined us after a 25-year career with Chevron Phillips Chemical Company where he served as the Vice President, Polyethylene, Americas from 2000 to 2001 and Marketing Manager—Polyethylene from 1999 to 2000. During his career, he has held a variety of sales, marketing, operations and general management assignments. He is a graduate of the University of Delaware with a B.S. in Business Administration and a B.A. in Mathematics.

Stephen Wallace(age 60) (age 62). Mr. Wallace joined us in December 2003 as our Vice President and General Counsel and was elected Secretary in July 2004. He began his legal career over 20 years ago at the law firm of Baker Botts L.L.P., which he left as a partner in 1993. He subsequently held senior corporate legal positions with Transworld Oil U.S.A., Inc. (1993-1996; 2002-2003), Oman Oil Company Ltd. (1996-1997), and Enron Global Exploration & Production Inc. and its affiliates (1997-2002). Mr. Wallace holds a B.A. from Rice University and a Ph.D. from Cornell University in linguistics, and received his J.D. from the University of Houston.

Warren W. Wilder (age 49). Mr. Wilder has been our Senior Vice President, Olefins and Styrene, since May 2006. From January 2003 to May 2006, he was our Vice President, Olefins and Styrene. Mr. Wilder joined us in January 2000 as Vice President, Planning and Business Development, and in February 2001, he was appointed Vice President, Polyethylene. Prior to joining us, he was an executive with Koch Industries, Inc. for over 10 years where he held positions in planning and business development, finance, operations and general management, including Vice President, Koch Hydrocarbons from 1996 to 1999. Mr. Wilder holds a B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Washington and an M.B.A. from the University of Chicago.

PART II

 

Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Price Range of Common Stock

As of February 20, 2007,13, 2009, there were 7169 holders of record of our common stock. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “WLK.” Set forth below are the high and low closing prices for our common stock, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange composite tape for the periods indicated and the cash dividends declared in these periods.

 

  High  Low  

Cash Dividends

Declared

  High  Low  Cash Dividends
Declared

Year Ended December 31, 2006

      

Year Ended December 31, 2008

      

4th Quarter

  $35.29  $31.13  $0.04000  $21.84  $12.45  $0.05250

3rd Quarter

   33.29   26.38   0.04000   21.93   13.20   0.05250

2nd Quarter

   34.77   26.58   0.02750   17.73   13.62   0.05000

1st Quarter

   36.75   29.03   0.02750   21.94   13.01   0.05000

Year Ended December 31, 2005

      

Year Ended December 31, 2007

      

4th Quarter

  $35.50  $26.16  $0.02750  $26.37  $18.50  $0.05000

3rd Quarter

   32.97   24.55   0.02750   31.47   24.54   0.05000

2nd Quarter

   33.26   22.29   0.02125   31.05   26.69   0.04000

1st Quarter

   37.03   30.63   0.02125   37.11   26.75   0.04000

Our credit facility and the indenture governing our 6 5/8%senior notes due 2016 restrict our ability to pay dividends or other distributions on our equity securities. We do not currently expect these restrictions to materially limit our ability to pay regular quarterly dividends. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt” for a discussion of the restrictions.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

Securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans are as follows:

 

Plan Category

  

Number of securities to be

issued upon exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights(a)

  

Weighted-average exercise price

of outstanding options, warrants

and rights

  

Number of securities remaining

available for future issuance

under equity compensation plans

(excluding securities reflected in
column(a))

  Number of securities to be
issued upon exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights(a)
  Weighted-average exercise price
of outstanding options, warrants
and rights
  Number of securities remaining
available for future issuance
under equity compensation plans
(excluding securities reflected in
column(a))

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders

  356,284  $20.57  5,547,760  910,329  $24.72  4,604,158

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders

  N/A   N/A  N/A  N/A   N/A  N/A

Total

  356,284  $20.57  5,547,760  910,329  $24.72  4,604,158

Other information regarding our equity compensation plans is set forth in the section entitled “Executive Compensation” in our Proxy Statement, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 6.Selected Financial and Operational Data(1)

 

  Year Ended December 31,   Year Ended December 31, 
  2006 2005 2004 2003 2002   2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 
  (dollars in thousands, except per share and volume data)   (dollars in thousands, except per share and volume data) 

Statement of Operations Data:

            

Net sales

  $2,484,366  $2,441,105  $1,985,353  $1,423,034  $1,072,627   $3,692,353  $3,192,178  $2,484,366  $2,441,105  $1,985,353 

Gross profit

   396,483   443,631   303,185   121,952   80,569    69,368   271,400   396,483   443,631   303,185 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   83,232   76,598   60,238   57,014   64,258    98,908   96,679   83,232   76,598   60,238 

Gain on sale of assets

   —     —     (2,049)  —     —      —     —     —     —     (2,049)

Gain on legal settlement

   —     —     —     (3,162)  —   

Impairment of long-lived assets(2)

   —     —     1,830   2,285   2,239    —     —     —     —     1,830 
                                

Income from operations

   313,251   367,033   243,166   65,815   14,072 

(Loss) income from operations

   (29,540)  174,721   313,251   367,033   243,166 

Interest expense

   (16,519)  (23,717)  (39,350)  (38,589)  (35,044)   (33,957)  (18,422)  (16,519)  (23,717)  (39,350)

Debt retirement cost

   (25,853)  (646)  (15,791)  (11,343)  —      —     —     (25,853)  (646)  (15,791)

Other income, net(3)

   11,670   2,658   2,637   7,620   6,769    5,475   2,658   11,670   2,658   2,637 
                                

Income (loss) before income taxes

   282,549   345,328   190,662   23,503   (14,203)

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

   87,990   118,511   69,940   8,747   (7,141)

(Loss) income before income taxes

   (58,022)  158,957   282,549   345,328   190,662 

(Benefit from) provision for income taxes

   (28,479)  44,228   87,990   118,511   69,940 
                                

Net income (loss)

  $194,559  $226,817  $120,722  $14,756  $(7,062)

Net (loss) income

  $(29,543) $114,729  $194,559  $226,817  $120,722 
                                

Earnings per share information(4):

      

(Loss) earnings per share information(4):

      

Basic

  $2.99  $3.49  $2.19  $0.30  $(0.14)  $(0.45) $1.76  $2.99  $3.49  $2.19 

Diluted

  $2.98  $3.48  $2.18  $0.30  $(0.14)  $(0.45) $1.76  $2.98  $3.48  $2.18 

Weighted average shares outstanding

            

Basic

   65,133,628   65,008,253   55,230,786   49,499,395   49,499,395    65,273,485   65,234,828   65,133,628   65,008,253   55,230,786 

Diluted

   65,254,654   65,251,109   55,355,442   49,499,395   49,499,395    65,316,981   65,324,326   65,254,654   65,251,109   55,355,442 

Balance Sheet Data (end of period):

            

Cash and cash equivalents

  $52,646  $237,895  $43,396  $37,381  $11,123   $90,239  $24,914  $52,646  $237,895  $43,396 

Working capital(5)

   527,875   597,014   421,723   197,715   158,993    586,701   650,923   527,875   597,014   421,723 

Total assets

   2,082,098   1,827,189   1,592,453   1,370,113   1,309,245    2,286,989   2,569,335   2,082,098   1,827,189   1,592,453 

Total debt

   260,156   266,889   298,089   537,289   533,350    510,319   511,414   260,156   266,889   298,089 

Minority interest

   —     —     —     22,100   22,100 

Stockholders’ equity

   1,173,541   994,106   769,397   445,603   428,519    1,239,060   1,286,670   1,173,541   994,106   769,397 

Cash dividends declared per share

  $0.1350  $0.0975  $0.02125  $—    $—     $0.2050  $0.1800  $0.1350  $0.0975  $0.02125 

Other Operating Data:

            

Cash flow from:

            

Operating activities

  $237,184  $318,447  $150,781  $78,087  $(21,326)  $186,089  $62,166  $237,184  $318,447  $150,781 

Investing activities

   (404,336)  (87,590)  (79,963)  (41,581)  (38,686)   (171,952)  (124,805)  (404,336)  (87,590)  (79,963)

Financing activities

   (18,097)  (36,358)  (64,803)  (10,248)  (7,690)   51,188   34,907   (18,097)  (36,358)  (64,803)

Depreciation and amortization

   86,262   81,241   81,075   87,293   88,018    111,926   103,514   86,262   81,241   81,075 

Capital expenditures

   136,258   85,760   52,710   44,931   43,587    172,561   135,725   136,258   85,760   52,710 

EBITDA(6)

   385,330   450,286   311,087   149,385   108,859    87,861   280,893   385,330   450,286   311,087 

External Sales Volume (millions of pounds):

            

Olefins Segment

            

Polyethylene

   1,318   1,237   1,330   1,280   1,199    2,231   2,447   1,318   1,237   1,330 

Ethylene, styrene and other

   858   979   1,138   861   767    971   948   858   979   1,138 

Vinyls Segment

            

Fabricated finished products

   758   854   660   517   543    627   756   758   854   660 

VCM, PVC, and other

   1,289   1,223   1,097   1,120   1,184    1,538   1,467   1,289   1,223   1,097 


(1)The historical selected financial and operational data should be read together with item 7, ManagementManagement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data included in this annual report on Form 10-K.

 

(2)The 2004 impairments related to a PVC plant not in service and Olefins segment assets written down to fair market value. The 2003 impairments related primarily to idled styrene assets and other miscellaneous assets written down to fair market value. The 2002 impairment related to a ceased product business.

 

(3)Other income, net is composed of interest income, insurance proceeds, equity income, management fee income and other gains and losses.

 

(4)Does not reflect the issuance of common stock in exchange for preferred stock as part of the internal reorganizations immediately prior to our initial public offering.

 

(5)Working capital equals current assets less current liabilities.

 

(6)EBITDA (a non-GAAP financial measure) is calculated as net income before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. The body of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States is commonly referred to as “GAAP.” For this purpose a non-GAAP financial measure is generally defined by the SEC as one that purports to measure historical and future financial performance, financial position or cash flows, but excludes or includes amounts that would not be so adjusted in the most comparable GAAP measures. We have included EBITDA in this Form 10-K because our management considers it an important supplemental measure of our performance and believes that it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry, some of which present EBITDA when reporting their results. We regularly evaluate our performance as compared to other companies in our industry that have different financing and capital structures and/or tax rates by using EBITDA. EBITDA allows for meaningful company-to-company performance comparisons by adjusting for factors such as interest expense, depreciation and amortization and taxes, which often vary from company to company. In addition, we utilize EBITDA in evaluating acquisition targets. Management also believes that EBITDA is a useful tool for measuring our ability to meet our future debt service, capital expenditures and working capital requirements, and EBITDA is commonly used by us and our investors to measure our ability to service indebtedness. EBITDA is not a substitute for the GAAP measures of earnings or of cash flow and is not necessarily a measure of our ability to fund our cash needs. In addition, it should be noted that companies calculate EBITDA differently and, therefore, EBITDA as presented in this Form 10-K may not be comparable to EBITDA reported by other companies. EBITDA has material limitations as a performance measure because it excludes (1) interest expense, which is a necessary element of our costs and ability to generate revenues because we have borrowed money to finance our operations, (2) depreciation, which is a necessary element of our costs and ability to generate revenues because we use capital assets and (3) income taxes, which is a necessary element of our operations. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using EBITDA only supplementally. The following table reconciles EBITDA to net (loss) income (loss) and to cash flow from operating activities.

Reconciliation of EBITDA to Net (Loss) Income (Loss) and

to Cash Flow from Operating Activities

 

  Year Ended December 31,   Year Ended December 31, 
  2006 2005 2004 2003 2002   2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 
  (dollars in thousands)   (dollars in thousands) 

EBITDA

  $385,330  $450,286  $311,087  $149,385  $108,859   $87,861  $280,893  $385,330  $450,286  $311,087 

Less:

            

Income tax (provision) benefit

   (87,990)  (118,511)  (69,940)  (8,747)  7,141 

Benefit from (provision for) income taxes

   28,479   (44,228)  (87,990)  (118,511)  (69,940)

Interest expense

   (16,519)  (23,717)  (39,350)  (38,589)  (35,044)   (33,957)  (18,422)  (16,519)  (23,717)  (39,350)

Depreciation and amortization

   (86,262)  (81,241)  (81,075)  (87,293)  (88,018)   (111,926)  (103,514)  (86,262)  (81,241)  (81,075)
                                

Net income (loss)

   194,559   226,817   120,722   14,756   (7,062)

Net (loss) income

   (29,543)  114,729   194,559   226,817   120,722 
                                

Changes in operating assets and liabilities

   21,931   41,438   (41,156)  48,245   (19,137)   204,818   (59,830)  20,200   40,940   (43,076)

Equity in income of unconsolidated subsidiary

   (1,766)  (94)  (1,379)  (1,510)  (770)   (621)  (2,796)  (1,766)  (94)  (1,379)

Deferred income taxes

   13,852   45,745   65,188   7,112   (4,716)   (13,879)  5,286   13,852   45,745   65,188 

Impairment of long-lived assets

   —     —     1,830   2,285   2,239    —     —     —     —     1,830 

Write-off of debt issuance cost

   3,623   646   4,153   7,343   —      —     —     3,623   646   4,153 

Loss (gain) from disposition of fixed assets

   2,848   4,746   (218)  (2,903)  (2,259)   4,900   724   2,848   4,746   (218)

Amortization of debt issue costs

   850   1,456   2,097   887   —      954   760   850   1,456   2,097 

Stock-based compensation expense

   4,178   2,873   1,731   498   1,920 

Provision for (recovery of) doubtful accounts

   1,287   (2,307)  (456)  1,872   10,379    15,282   420   1,287   (2,307)  (456)
                                

Cash flow from operating activities

  $237,184  $318,447  $150,781  $78,087  $(21,326)  $186,089  $62,166  $237,184  $318,447  $150,781 
                                

Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

We are a vertically integrated manufacturer and marketer of petrochemicals, polymers and fabricated products. Our two principal business segments are olefins and vinyls. We use the majority of our internally-produced basic chemicals to produce higher value-added chemicals and fabricated products.

Consumption of the basic chemicals that we manufacture in the commodity portions of our olefins and vinyls processes has increased significantly over the past 30 years. Our olefins and vinyls products are some of the most widely used chemicals in the world and are upgraded into a wide variety of higher value-added chemical products used in many end-markets. Petrochemicals are typically manufactured in large volume by a number of different producers using widely available technologies. The petrochemical industry exhibits cyclical commodity characteristics, and margins are influenced by changes in the balance between supply and demand and the resulting operating rates, the level of general economic activity and the price of raw materials. The cycle is generally characterized by periods of tight supply, leading to high operating rates and margins, followed by a decline in operating rates and margins primarily as a result of significant capacity additions. Due to the significant size of new plants, capacity additions are built in large increments and typically require several years of demand growth to be absorbed. In 2003 and 2004, the olefins and vinyls markets began a cyclical recovery and operating rates and margins began to increaserose as economic growth improved and excess capacity was absorbed. These factors resulted in increased industry product margins in 2004, 2005 and 2006. In 2007 and 2008, however, weakness in the housing market contributed to lower demand, and operating margins have declined in our vinyls business. The demand for olefins products remained strong in 2007 largely due to balanced industry supply and demand fundamentals for polyethylene and strong export demand, but margins were lower due to increased feedstock costs. In 2008, olefins margins declined significantly due to a sharp drop in product demand that started in August as customers began to anticipate lower product prices due to a weakened global economy. This was followed by a sharp drop in product prices in the last quarter of 2008, which resulted in continued slow demand, lower operating rates and a significant operating loss in the fourth quarter of 2008.

In our Vinyls segment, industry forecasts estimate that PVC industry operating rates dropped to 75% for the fourth quarter of 2006 from 94%peak levels in the third quarter of 2006.2006 to much lower levels in the fourth quarter of 2008. This downturn, which impacts our Vinyls segment, was primarily due to weakness in the residential housingconstruction market and a reduction of inventory by PVC converters due to falling prices. The declinewhich started in September 2006 and continued through December 2006.2008. Looking forward, North American PVC capacity is projected to increase by 6% in 20082009 and 6% in 2009. Demand for PVC2010. Capacity growth is expected to exceed demand growth and, as a result, operating rates and margins may not improve and could decline further from 2008 levels.

Olefins industry forecasts show a significant increase by 2% per yearin worldwide ethylene capacity over the next five years. As a result, operating rates could decline from peak levels achieved in early 2006.

In our Olefins segment, industry ethylene operating rates reached a peak of 90% in the second quarter of 2006 and trended down to 87% in the fourth quarter of 2006. Over the next five years, some industry forecasts show a 5% per year increase in worldwide ethylene capacity with the largest increase in the Middle East and Asia. Demand is expected to grow 4% per year during this period. Operating ratesAs a result, operating margins may not improve and could decline further in the U.S. are expected to peak in 20082009 and decline gradually during the remainder of the decade primarily due to reduced exports.2010.

We purchase significant amounts of ethane and propane feedstock, natural gas, chlorine and salt from external suppliers for use in production of basic chemicals in the olefins and vinyls chains. We also purchase significant amounts of electricity to supply the energy required in our production processes. While we have agreements providing for the supply of ethane and propane feedstocks, natural gas, chlorine, salt and electricity, the contractual prices for these raw materials and energy vary with market conditions and may be highly volatile. Factors whichthat have caused volatility in our raw material prices in the past and which may do so in the future, include:

 

shortages of raw materials due to increasing demand;

 

capacity constraints due to construction delays, strike action or involuntary shutdowns;

 

the general level of business and economic activity; and

 

the direct or indirect effect of governmental regulation.

Significant volatility in raw material costs tends to put pressure on product margins as sales price increases generally tend tocould lag behind raw material cost increases. Conversely, when raw material costs decrease, customers may seek relief in the form of lower sales prices. We currently use derivative instruments to reduce price

volatility risk on feedstock commodities and lower overall costs. Normally, there is a pricing relationship between a commodity that we process and the feedstock from which it is derived. When this pricing relationship deviates from historical norms, we have from time to time entered into derivative instruments and physical positions in an attempt to take advantage of this relationship.

Our historical results have been significantly affected by our plant production capacity, our efficient use of the capacity and our ability to increase our capacity. Since our inception, we have followed a disciplined growth strategy that focuses on plant acquisitions, new plant construction and internal expansion. We evaluate each expansion project on the basis of its ability to produce sustained returns in excess of our cost of capital and its ability to improve efficiency or reduce operating costs.

On November 30, 2006,In August 2008, we closedannounced that we will construct a new chlor-alkali plant to be located at our vinyls manufacturing complex in Geismar, Louisiana. The new chlor-alkali unit is expected to produce 250,000 ECUs annually upon completion, bringing our total ECU capacity to 525,000 per year, including the acquisitionchlor-alkali expansion at our Calvert City complex described below. The new plant is expected to improve the vertical integration of Eastman Chemical Company’s polyethyleneour vinyls business from chlorine downstream into VCM and EpolenePVC, and increase caustic soda sales. The project is currently estimated to cost between $250 million and $300 million and is targeted for completion in 2011. We expect the project will be partially funded with funds drawn from the proceeds of the issuance of the 6® 3 polymers businesses, related assets/4% revenue bonds of the Louisiana Local Government Environmental Facility and a 200 mile, 10 inch pipeline from Mont Belvieu, Texas to Longview, Texas, all ofDevelopment Authority, issued in December 2007 for our benefit, which are headquarteredcurrently held as restricted cash. The remaining funding will depend on our revolving credit facility, cash flow from operations, and, possibly, our ability to obtain additional financing.

We announced in Longview, Texas.March 2008 our plans to open a new PVC pipe plant in Yucca, Arizona to produce pipe for water, sewer, irrigation and related industrial and residential markets in the Western United States. The purchase pricenew plant became operational in the first quarter of 2009 and has the capacity to produce approximately 120 million pounds of PVC pipe annually.

We decided to permanently close our Pawling, New York facility and consolidate manufacturing of window and door components in Calgary, Canada in the first quarter of 2008. In addition, during the fourth quarter of 2008, we announced the idling of our Van Buren, Arkansas PVC pipe facility. Asset impairments, severance and other costs recorded in 2008 related to the Pawling plant closure and the idling of the Van Buren plant were approximately $3.9 million.

In October 2007, we announced our plans to expand our chlor-alkali and PVC resin units and build a large diameter PVC pipe plant at our Calvert City complex. The chlor-alkali expansion was $235.0completed in the fourth quarter of 2008 and has added 50,000 ECUs of annual capacity. The chlor-alkali expansion is expected to improve the vertical integration of our vinyls business from chlorine downstream into VCM and PVC and increase caustic soda sales. The PVC resin plant expansion was completed in the first quarter of 2009 and increased capacity by 300 million in cash, which included working capital, andpounds per year, bringing our total PVC capacity to 1.7 billion pounds annually. The expansion is subjectexpected to working capital adjustments. The polyethylene business and associated operating facilities haveenhance the integration of the vinyls product chain by consuming VCM that was previously sold on the merchant market. During the third quarter of 2008, we also completed construction of a new large diameter PVC pipe facility at the complex with a capacity of 1,125approximately 55 million pounds per year of polyethylene. Thislarge diameter pipe. Our annual fabricated products capacity is comprised of 700increased to approximately 1,076 million pounds per yearwith this expansion and the completion of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and 425 million pounds of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE). With this acquisition, our total polyethylene capacity is now in excess of 2.5 billion pounds per year. We also acquired technology for the production of specialty polyolefin polymers including: acrylate co-polymers; Epolene® polymers for the adhesives, coatings and other consumer products markets; and Energx® technology for LLDPE and HDPE, which is designed to provide enhanced strength and performance properties. We believe that the acquisition of these assets is an excellent strategic fit, will further strengthen our position in the North American polyethylene market and will increase our ability to provide an improved overall product mix and new technology.Yucca plant.

In addition, duringSince 2006 we purchased additional interestshave been in Suzhou Huasu Plastics Co. Ltd., our joint venture in China. All governmental approvals were obtaineddiscussions with the Government of The Republic of Trinidad and the transaction closed in the second quarter of 2006. We increased our ownership percentage from approximately 43% to approximately 58% at a cost of $6.4 million ($1.8 million was paid in the fourth quarter of 2005 and $4.6 million was paid in the second quarter of 2006). We will continue to account for this investment using the equity method of accounting because the entity does not meet the definition of a variable interest entity under FIN 46R, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (revised December 2003)—an interpretation of ARB No. 51,” and because contractual arrangements allowing certain substantive participatory rights to minority shareholders prevent us from exercising a controlling financial interest over this entity.

On April 18, 2006, we announced that we had entered into a Memorandum of UnderstandingTobago (the “Government”) to develop an ethane-based ethylene, polyethylene and other derivatives project in that country. The project has faced several major constraints, and we and the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. The Government of The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago has expressed an interest in becoming a minority equity partner inare discussing how to overcome those challenges. In the interim, we have suspended active work on the project. As currently envisioned, the project would use 37,500 barrels per day of ethane

We experienced several shut-downs and turnarounds from 2006 to produce 570,000 metric tons (1.25 billion pounds) per year of ethylene, which would in turn be used to produce polyethylene and other derivative products. The project could be expanded in the future as more ethane becomes available. The capital cost is initially estimated to be approximately $1.5 billion. The size, scope, and cost of the project are subject to further definition in connection with a detailed feasibility study that we are currently performing. It is expected that the project will be financed through a project financing arrangement. The preliminary project schedule contemplates that construction would start in late 2007 and that the project would start operations in late 2010.

2008. In the second quarter of 2006, we completed a scheduled major maintenance turnaround in Calvert City. The ethylene and VCM units at Calvert City were down for 16 days while the chlor-alkali and PVC units were down for a shorter period. Sales continued during the turnaround from inventory on hand. In early September 2006, we encountered mechanical problems with a compressor and related equipment at one of our ethylene units in Lake Charles, Louisiana, resulting in an unscheduled shutdown of that unit. While that unit was down, we completed a

maintenance turnaround of that unit that was scheduled for early 2007. During the unit’s shut-down, we also completed portions of our previously announced project to upgrade the feedstock flexibility at our ethylene plant which is expecteddesigned to reduce energy costs and provide for additional ethylene capacity. The unit was successfully restarted in late October 2006 and resumed full production. As a result of the Lake Charles outage, we incurred approximately $3.1 million in maintenance expense and $27.4 million in turnaround costs which have beenwere capitalized. We are also planning additionalIn 2007, we completed a major turnarounds during 2007turnaround for one of our ethylene units at our Lake Charles facility. Early in the second quarter of 2007, we expect toThe unit was shut down one of our ethylene units for approximately 4530 days to tie incomplete the tie-in portion of a project designed to upgrade the feedstock flexibility.flexibility of the unit in order to reduce energy costs and provide for additional ethylene capacity. The cost of the turnaround of approximately $8.3 million was capitalized. In addition, during the fourth quarterfirst and second quarters of 2007,2008 we are planningperformed a major turnaround of our styrene plant in Lake Charles. The unit was shut down for a total of 48 days to completeperform a major maintenance turnaround and revamp project designed to increase energy efficiency and slightly increase capacity. The cost of this turnaround was approximately $17.5 million, which was capitalized. Also, during August and September 2008, we shut down our vinyls facilities at our Geismar, Louisiana complex and our olefins facilities at our Lake Charles, styreneLouisiana complex due to Hurricanes Gustav and Ike. Both complexes sustained minimal damage from the hurricanes; however, the energy and power shortages caused by the hurricanes affected many suppliers and, as a consequence, the Lake Charles facilities were shut down for approximately three weeks due to the two hurricanes, while the Geismar facilities were shut down for approximately one and a half weeks due to Hurricane Gustav. In addition, one of our ethylene units in Lake Charles was idled during December 2008 due to significant customer inventory destocking and resulting weakened demand for our derivative products. A maintenance turnaround initially scheduled for this unit for the first half of 2009 has been brought forward to be performed during this down time, and the facility which is expected to take approximately 35 days.resume operations in the first quarter of 2009.

Results of Operations

Segment Data

 

   Year Ended December 31, 
   2006  2005  2004 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Net External Sales

    

Olefins

    

Polyethylene

  $783,968  $697,662  $601,269 

Ethylene, styrene and other

   585,612   652,380   649,985 
             

Total olefins

   1,369,580   1,350,042   1,251,254 
             

Vinyls

    

Fabricated finished products

   596,461   587,547   394,513 

VCM, PVC, and other

   518,325   503,516   339,586 
             

Total vinyls

   1,114,786   1,091,063   734,099 
             

Total

  $2,484,366  $2,441,105  $1,985,353 
             

Intersegment Sales

    

Olefins

  $131,277  $116,822  $53,668 

Vinyls

   1,077   1,173   553 
             

Total

  $132,354  $117,995  $54,221 
             

Income (Loss) from Operations:

    

Olefins

  $160,875  $195,670  $179,587 

Vinyls

   157,918   179,407   69,723 

Corporate and other

   (5,542)  (8,044)  (6,144)
             

Total

  $313,251  $367,033  $243,166 
             

Depreciation and Amortization:

    

Olefins

  $51,741  $46,844  $49,213 

Vinyls

   34,391   34,343   31,671 

Corporate and other

   130   54   191 
             

Total

  $86,262  $81,241  $81,075 
             

Other Income (Expense), Net:

    

Olefins

  $(12) $(1,933) $(981)

Vinyls

   216   301   121 

Corporate and other(1)

   (14,387)  3,644   (12,294)
             

Total

  $(14,183) $2,012  $(13,154)
             

(1)Debt retirement costs of $25,853, $646 and $15,791 are included in the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

   2006  2005 
   Average Sales
Price
  Volume  Average Sales
Price
  Volume 

Key product sales price and volume percentage change from prior year period

     

Olefins(1)

  +7.8% -1.9% +20.7% -8.8%

Vinyls(2)

  +4.5% -2.2% +24.6% +19.3%

Company average

  +6.3% -2.0% +21.9% +2.6%


(1)Includes: Ethylene and co-products, polyethylene, and styrene.
   Year Ended December 31, 
   2008  2007  2006 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Net External Sales

    

Olefins

    

Polyethylene

  $1,724,671  $1,545,639  $783,968 

Ethylene, styrene and other

   823,253   629,414   585,612 
             

Total olefins

   2,547,924   2,175,053   1,369,580 
             

Vinyls

    

Fabricated finished products

   428,461   497,610   596,461 

VCM, PVC, and other

   715,968   519,515   518,325 
             

Total vinyls

   1,144,429   1,017,125   1,114,786 
             

Total

  $3,692,353  $3,192,178  $2,484,366 
             

(Loss) income from operations

    

Olefins

  $(40,145) $152,563  $160,875 

Vinyls

   17,877   29,991   157,918 

Corporate and other

   (7,272)  (7,833)  (5,542)
             

Total (loss) income from operations

   (29,540)  174,721   313,251 

Interest expense

   (33,957)  (18,422)  (16,519)

Debt retirement costs

   —     —     (25,853)

Other income, net

   5,475   2,658   11,670 

Benefit from (provision for) income taxes

   28,479   (44,228)  (87,990)
             

Net (loss) income

  $(29,543) $114,729  $194,559 
             

(Loss) earnings per diluted share

  $(0.45) $1.76  $2.98 
             

 

(2)Includes: Ethylene co-products, caustic, VCM, PVC resin, PVC pipe, and other fabrication products.
   2008  2007 
   Average Sales
Price
  Volume  Average Sales
Price
  Volume 

Key product sales price and volume percentage change from prior year period

     

Olefins(1)

  +19.6% -2.5% +3.3% +55.5%

Vinyls

  +16.5% -4.0% -17.4% +8.6%

Company average

  +18.7% -3.0% -4.7% +33.2%

 

   2006  2005  2004

Average industry prices(1)

      

Ethane (cents/lb)

  22.1  21.0  16.9

Propane (cents/lb)

  23.9  21.6  17.5

Ethylene (cents/lb)(2)

  48.1  44.2  33.8

Polyethylene (cents/lb)(3)

  74.4  70.3  58.2

Styrene (cents/lb)(4)

  64.8  62.5  58.5

Caustic ($/short ton)(5)

  379.2  393.8  175.2

Chlorine ($/short ton)(6)

  330.0  346.9  268.1

VCM (cents/lb)(7)

  42.5  40.7  32.4

PVC (cents/lb)(8)

  60.3  56.8  45.8

Source: CMAI

   2008  2007  2006

Average industry prices(1)

      

Ethane (cents/lb)

  30.1  26.7  22.1

Propane (cents/lb)

  33.4  28.6  23.9

Ethylene (cents/lb)(2)

  58.5  48.8  48.1

Polyethylene (cents/lb)(3)

  89.4  76.3  74.4

Styrene (cents/lb)(4)

  73.2  68.2  64.8

Caustic ($/short ton)(5)

  687.5  332.1  300.6

Chlorine ($/short ton)(6)

  269.2  316.3  330.0

PVC (cents/lb)(7)

  57.0  60.0  60.3

 

(1)Industry pricing data was obtained through the Chemical Market Associates, Inc., or CMAI. We have not independently verified the data.

(2)Represents average North American spotcontract prices of ethylene over the period as reported by CMAI.

 

(3)Represents average North American contract prices of polyethylene low density film over the period as reported by CMAI.

 

(4)Represents average North American spotcontract prices of styrene over the period as reported by CMAI.

 

(5)Represents average North American spotaverage acquisition prices of caustic soda (diaphragm grade) over the period as reported by CMAI.

 

(6)Represents average North American contract prices of chlorine (into chemicals) over the period as reported by CMAI.

 

(7)Represents North American contract prices of VCM over the period as reported by CMAI.

(8)Represents North American contract prices of PVC over the period as reported by CMAI. During 2008, CMAI made a 16 cent per pound downward, non-market related adjustment to PVC resin prices.

Summary

For the year ended December 31, 2006,2008, we had a net income was $194.6loss of $29.5 million, or $2.98$0.45 per diluted share, on net sales of $2,484.4$3,692.4 million. This compares torepresents a decrease of $144.2 million, or $2.21 per diluted share, from the year ended December 31, 20052007 net income of $226.8$114.7 million, or $3.48$1.76 per diluted share, on net saleswhich included a tax benefit of $2,441.1 million. Results for 2006 included an after-tax charge which reduced net income by $16.3$8.0 million, or $0.25$0.12 per diluted share, related to a reduction in deferred taxes due to a change in apportionment ratios upon the early retirementreorganization of debtseveral subsidiaries. Sales for the year ended December 31, 2008 increased from 2007 sales of $3,192.2 million to $3,692.4 million, primarily due to higher average sales prices for all of the major products. A significant increase in product prices in the first three quarters of 2008 was reversed in the fourth quarter of 2008 as prices fell in response to lower demand and the sharp drop in feedstock costs. The 2008 net loss is largely the result of a tax benefit which increased$109.6 million net income by $10.2 million, or $0.16 per diluted share. The tax benefit was related toloss in the reversalfourth quarter of various tax accruals2008, primarily due to the resolution of certain tax matters, the refinement of the estimate of deferred income taxes and the extra-territorial exclusion income benefit. Incomesharp drop in product prices, resulting in a significant negative operating margin. The loss from operations was $313.3$29.5 million for the year ended December 31, 20062008 as compared to $367.0income from operations of $174.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. For2007. The 2008 results have been negatively impacted by a number of factors, including the first nine months of 2006, netsharp drop in operating income and income from operations were greater than the first nine months of 2005. However, the residential housing market slow down, inventory reduction

(partly due to falling prices and partly due to the lack of hurricane activity on the U.S. gulf coast) and normal seasonal weakness resulted in a very weak fourth quarter of 2006. By comparison, the fourth quarter of 20052008 as discussed in the following paragraph, the effects of Hurricanes Gustav and Ike, higher raw material, natural gas and electricity costs, lower PVC pipe sales volume and a loss from trading activities. Our Olefins segment benefited from high operating rates through much of 2008 largely due to balanced industry supply and demand fundamentals for polyethylene; however, this segment experienced a sharp drop in product demand that began in the third quarter of 2008 as customers began to anticipate lower product prices due to a weakened global economy. This was very strong duefollowed by a sharp drop in large part toproduct prices in the impactfourth quarter of hurricanes Katrina2008, which resulted in continued slow demand, lower operating rates and Rita. Income from operations during 2006 was alsosignificantly lower operating margins. In addition, Olefins margins were negatively impacted by rising feedstock, natural gas and electricity costs and a trading loss of $9.4 million in 2008 compared to a trading loss of $1.0 million in 2007. Our Vinyls segment results in 2008 were relatively flat compared to 2007 as lower productionmargins and volumes for downstream products, primarily due to the poor construction market, were mostly offset by higher caustic margins.

The fourth quarter 2008 operating loss was $165.8 million as compared to operating income in the fourth quarter of 2007 of $20.0 million, a decrease of $185.8 million. The significant loss in the fourth quarter of 2008 was primarily due to a sharp drop in product prices, a significant drop in sales volumes and operating rates and an increase in the allowance for doubtful accounts. The sharp drop in product prices in the fourth quarter of 2008 was primarily due to a collapse in feedstock prices. For ethane and propane, our two primary raw materials, average industry prices dropped 56.5% and 60.2%, respectively, from September 30, 2008 to December 31, 2008. As a result, polyethylene and PVC resin industry prices dropped 41.4% and 31.3%, respectively, during the same period. It generally takes 60 to 90 days from the time our feedstock is purchased, converted into finished goods, inventoried and sold. As a result of utilizing the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method of inventory accounting, and the rapid drop in feedstock costs and higher maintenance expenseproduct prices in the fourth quarter, we had very high feedstock costs recorded in cost of sales in the fourth quarter of 2008, while our product sales prices were based on lower market sales prices due to the weakened demand for the products. This resulted in significant inventory losses, inclusive

of transportation and other distribution costs, and $22.0 million of adjustments due to the valuation of inventory at the lower of cost or market prices, in the fourth quarter of 2008. In addition, our plants operated at reduced rates in the fourth quarter of 2008 due to the general weakened demand as a maintenance turnaround at our facilityresult of the continued deterioration in Calvert City, Kentuckythe U.S. and global economies, and as a reaction to the 55-day unscheduled outage atconcurrent sharp drop in product prices. In an effort to manage the build-up of excess inventory, and to control costs, we elected to idle one of our ethylene units atin Lake Charles, Louisiana. These negative impacts were partially offsetLouisiana that was scheduled for a major maintenance turnaround in the first quarter of 2009. The maintenance work is being performed early during this downtime and the facility is expected to resume operations in the first quarter of 2009. The fourth quarter of 2008 gross profit was negatively impacted by improved feedstock commodity trading gainsapproximately $168.0 million due to the inventory losses and the expensing of $18.6 million in 2006 compared to a loss of $3.8 million in 2005.

For the year ended December 31, 2005, net income was $226.8 million, or $3.48 per diluted share, on net sales of $2,441.1 million. This compared favorably with the year ended December 31, 2004 net income of $120.7 million, or $2.18 per diluted share, on net sales of $1,985.4 million. Results for 2004 included an after-tax charge of $10.0 million, or $0.18 per diluted share,unabsorbed fixed manufacturing costs related to the early retirementdrop in operating rates. In addition, during the fourth quarter of debt. Income from operations was $367.02008 we increased the allowance for doubtful accounts by $8.9 million, forwhich is a direct result of the year ended December 31, 2005 as compared to $243.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. These increases were primarily due to higher sales volumes in the company’s Vinyls segment and higher selling prices for the company’s olefins and vinyls products, which outpaced higher feedstock and energy costs. Net income for 2005 also benefited from lower interest expense resulting from lower debt balances.current economic environment.

20062008 Compared with 20052007

Net Sales.Net sales increased by $43.3$500.2 million or 1.8%, to $2,484.4$3,692.4 million in 20062008 from $2,441.1$3,192.2 million in 2005.2007. This increase was primarily due to higher sellingaverage sales prices for all of our major products and higher sales volumes for PVC resin, and polyethylene which was largelypartially offset by lower sales volumes for ethylene, VCM,polyethylene and PVC pipe. Higher sellingAverage sales prices largely resulted from higher raw material costs that were generally passed throughfor 2008 increased by 18.7% as compared to customers. PVC resin2007. Overall sales volumes increased primarily duevolume decreased by 3.0% in 2008 as compared to the supply of additional volumes from our Geismar facility and polyethylene sales volumes increased primarily due to the acquisition of the Longview facilities. Sales volumes for other major products were down largely due to the slowing market for new home construction, inventory reductions in the second half of 2006 and increased internal consumption of ethylene at our Geismar facility.2007.

Gross Margin.Profit.Gross marginprofit percentage decreased to 16.0%1.9% in 20062008 from 18.2%8.5% in 2005.2007. This decrease was primarily due to turnaround maintenance activitythe inventory losses and weak demandunabsorbed fixed manufacturing costs of approximately $168.0 million recorded in the fourth quarter of 2006 for many of our major products as customers generally reduced their inventories. Maintenance costs increased due to the outages at Lake Charles and Calvert City and additional fixed costs were expensed as several of the facilities curtailed production late in the year due to declining demand. In addition, margins decreased due to higher2008. Our raw material costs. Our raw materials costs in both segments normally track industry prices, which experienced according to CMAI, an increase of 5.1%12.7% for ethane and 10.9%16.8% for propane in 20062008 as compared to 2005. As previously discussed,2007. In addition, we use derivative instrumentsexperienced a $9.4 million loss in conjunctionconnection with certain physical commodity positions to reduce price volatility risk on commodities and take advantage of pricing relationships. In 2006, cost of sales benefited from an improved feedstock commodity trading gain of $18.6 millionactivity for 2008 compared to a $1.0 million loss for 2007, an unfavorable change of $1.9$8.4 million in 2005.(see Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements).

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $6.6$2.2 million, or 8.6%2.3%, in 20062008 as compared to 2005.2007. The increase was primarily due to higher professional fees,a $10.9 million increase in the Goodrich settlement in 2005 with no comparable activity in 2006 (see Note 16allowance for doubtful accounts, directly attributable to the consolidated financial statements), additional headcount as a result ofcurrent economic environment. This increase was partially offset by transition costs related to the acquisition of the Longview facilities incurred in the first four months of 2007 and higher sales commissions.a reduction in legal expenses.

Interest Expense.Interest expense decreasedin 2008 increased by $7.2$15.6 million to $34.0 million from $18.4 million in 2006 to $16.5 million from $23.7 million in 2005. Average interest rates were lower in 20062007, primarily due to higher average debt outstanding for the period, largely as a result of our issuance of $250.0 million aggregate principal amount ofthe 6 5/8% senior notes on January 13, 2006 and the redemption of the $247.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8 3/4% senior notes in February 2006.the fourth quarter of 2007.

Other Income, Net. Other income, net increased by $2.8 million to $5.5 million in 2008 from $2.7 million in 2007 primarily due to higher interest income from the restricted cash balance associated with our 6 3/4% senior notes, higher equity income from our joint venture in China and a $0.9 million write-down of a long-term investment in 2007.

Income Taxes.The effective income tax rate was 49.1% in 2008 as compared to 27.8% in 2007. The 2008 tax rate was above the statutory rate of 35% primarily due to state tax credits and a reduction of gross unrecognized tax benefits, partially offset by state income taxes, all being applied to a loss before income taxes. The 2007 tax rate was below the statutory rate of 35% primarily due to state tax credits, a reduction in deferred taxes due to a change in apportionment ratios upon the reorganization of several subsidiaries and the domestic manufacturing deduction, partially offset by state income taxes.

Olefins Segment

Net Sales. Net sales increased by $372.8 million, or 17.1%, to $2,547.9 million in 2008 from $2,175.1 million in 2007. This increase was primarily due to higher sales prices for all major products, partially offset by lower sales volumes for polyethylene. Average sales prices for the Olefins segment increased by 19.6% in 2008 from 2007.

Income from Operations.Income from operations decreased by $192.7 million to a loss of $40.1 million in 2008 from income of $152.6 million in 2007. This decrease was primarily due to a loss from operations of $136.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2008 during which lower production, weakened product demand and a sharp drop in industry pricing resulted in negative margins. Industry polyethylene prices fell from September 30, 2008 to December 31, 2008 due to the collapse in energy and feedstock costs in the fourth quarter. As a result of utilizing the FIFO method of inventory accounting and the unprecedented drop in feedstock costs and product prices in the fourth quarter, we had very high feedstock costs recorded in our cost of sales in the fourth quarter of 2008 while our product prices were based on current costs. Other contributing factors for the decrease in 2008 included an increase in feedstock, natural gas and electricity costs in the first nine months of 2008. Due to market conditions, we were unable to increase prices to fully compensate for increased costs. Additionally, the impact of Hurricanes Gustav and Ike, which caused two separate outages at the Lake Charles plant during the third quarter of 2008, lower sales volumes for polyethylene and a trading loss of $9.4 million in 2008 as compared to a trading loss of $1.0 million in 2007. In addition, these decreases in operating income were only partially offset by higher average sales prices in 2008. Results for 2007 were negatively impacted by a major turnaround and an unscheduled outage at our Lake Charles ethylene units.

Vinyls Segment

Net Sales. Net sales increased by $127.3 million, or 12.5%, to $1,144.4 million in 2008 from $1,017.1 million in 2007. This increase was primarily due to higher sales prices for all major products and increased PVC resin sales volumes. Average sales prices for the Vinyls segment increased by 16.5% in 2008 as compared to 2007. These increases were partially offset by lower sales volumes for VCM and fabricated products.

Income from Operations. Income from operations decreased by $12.1 million to $17.9 million in 2008 from $30.0 million in 2007. This decrease was primarily due to weakness in the construction market, which continues to negatively affect demand and product pricing in our vinyls downstream businesses. In addition, the closure of our Pawling, New York facility in the first quarter of 2008 and the idling of our Van Buren PVC pipe plant in the fourth quarter of 2008 negatively impacted income from operations as severance, asset impairments and other related costs totaled approximately $3.9 million in 2008. Partially offsetting these decreases were higher margins for caustic. Results for 2007 were negatively impacted by $6.7 million due to a legal settlement and expenses associated with the litigation.

2007 Compared with 2006

Net Sales.Net sales increased by $707.8 million to $3,192.2 million in 2007 from $2,484.4 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to higher sales volumes for polyethylene, ethylene, caustic and PVC resin. Polyethylene sales volumes were significantly higher in 2007 as compared to 2006 primarily due to the acquisition of the Longview facility. These increases were partially offset by overall lower average sales prices.

Gross Margin. Gross margin percentage decreased to 8.5% in 2007 from 16.0% in 2006. This decrease was primarily due to lower average sales prices for our products and higher cost of raw materials. Our raw material costs in both segments normally track industry prices, which experienced an increase of 20.8% for ethane and 19.7% for propane in 2007 as compared to 2006. In addition, we had a $1.0 million loss in connection with trading activity for 2007 compared to a $18.6 million gain for 2006, a decrease of $19.6 million (see Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements).

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $13.5 million, or 16.2%, in 2007 as compared to 2006. The increase was primarily due to transition costs and other operating expenses related to the acquisition of the Longview facility and increased legal fees, largely related to the Goodrich and PolyOne litigation.

Interest Expense.Interest expense in 2007 increased by $1.9 million to $18.4 million from $16.5 million in 2006, primarily due to higher average debt outstanding for the period.

Debt Retirement Cost. As a result of the redemption of $247.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8 3/4% senior notes due July 15, 2011 and the repayment of $9.0 million of our term loan, we recognized $25.9 million in non-operating expense in the first quarter of 2006, consisting of a pre-payment premium on our 8 3/4% senior notes of $22.2 million and a write-off of $3.7 million in previously capitalized debt issuance cost. We recognized $0.6 milliondid not recognize any debt retirement costs in non-operating expense in the first quarter of 2005 resulting from a write-off in previously capitalized debt issuance cost in connection with the repayment of $30.0 million of our term loan.2007.

Other Income, Net. Other income, net increaseddecreased by $9.0 million to $2.7 million in 2007 from $11.7 million in 2006 from $2.7 million in 2005 primarily due to higherlower interest income associated with higherlower cash balances and higher interest rates, increased equity in income from our joint venture in China, andthe write-down of a derivative loss reflected in 2005.long-term investment.

Income Taxes.The effective income tax rate was 27.8% in 2007 as compared to 31.1% in 2006. The current year2007 tax rate iswas below the statutory rate of 35% primarily due to the release of, among other things,state tax credits, a tax benefit related to the reversal of various tax accrualsreduction in deferred taxes due to a change in apportionment ratios upon the resolutionreorganization of certain tax matters. This reduced the rate approximately 2.3 percentage points. In addition, adjustments were made to income taxes for deferred income taxes, tax benefits related to extraterritorial income exclusion tax benefits (ETI), tax benefits related to tax exempt interestseveral subsidiaries and the domestic manufacturing deduction. These reductions in the effective tax rate werededuction, partially offset by state income taxes. The 2005 effective income2006 tax rate of 34.3% was lower thanbelow the statutory rate of 35% primarily due to ETI (approximately 1.6 percentage points), tax benefits related to the new domestic manufacturing deduction and other adjustments to deferredstate income taxes partially offset by state taxes.and the extra-territorial exclusion income benefit.

Olefins Segment

Net Sales. Net sales increased by $19.5$805.5 million, or 1.5%58.8%, to $2,175.1 million in 2007 from $1,369.6 million in 2006 from $1,350.0 million in 2005. Sales improved2006. This increase was primarily due to higher sales prices throughout the Olefins segment, which were largely offset by lowerincreased polyethylene and ethylene volumes. The significant increase in polyethylene sales volumes for ethylene. Polyethylene sales volumes increasedwas primarily due to increased volume from our Longview facility, which was acquired in the acquisitionfourth quarter of the Longview facilities on November 30, 2006. Average sellingIn addition, average sales prices for the Olefins segment increased by 7.8%3.3% in 2006 as compared to 2005. Higher selling prices were primarily the result of our ability to pass along higher raw material costs to our customers. Overall sales volumes for the Olefins segment decreased 1.9% primarily due to an increase in the internal requirements for ethylene at our Geismar facility. Sales volumes were also impacted by inventory reductions by our customers and the housing slowdown that has occurred in the U.S. as previously discussed.2007 from 2006.

Income from Operations. Income from operations decreased by $34.8$8.3 million, or 18.0%5.2%, to $152.6 million in 2007 from $160.9 million in 2006 from $195.7 million in 2005.2006. This decrease was primarily due to highera significant increase in raw material costs for ethane and propane, lower overall sales volumes and higher expenses relateda trading loss of $1.0 million in 2007 as compared to the unscheduled outage and maintenance turnaround at one of our Lake Charles ethylene units. This decrease was partially offset by price increases throughout the Olefins segment which resulted in higher profit margins for polyethylene and ethylene although profit margins for these products dropped significantly in the fourth quarter of 2006. Income from operations also benefited from an improved feedstocka trading gain of $18.6 million comparedin 2006. These decreases in operating income were almost entirely offset by earnings from our Longview facility which was acquired in November 2006. There were several price increases during 2007 for our major olefins products, but margins were still below 2006 levels due to a loss of $1.9 million in 2005.higher feedstock costs. Results for the 2006 period were negatively impacted by an unscheduled outage at our Lake Charles ethylene facility.

Vinyls Segment

Net Sales. Net sales increaseddecreased by $23.7$97.7 million, or 2.2%8.8%, to $1,017.1 million in 2007 from $1,114.8 million in 2006 from $1,091.1 million in 2005.2006. This increasedecrease was primarily due to overall higherlower selling prices for most of our Vinyls products, especiallymajor vinyls products. The decreased sales prices were partially offset by higher sales volumes for PVC resin and higher sales volumes of PVC resin.caustic. Average selling prices for the Vinyls segment increaseddecreased by 4.5%17.4% in 20062007 as compared to 2005 as we were able to pass along higher raw material costs to our customers. Overall, the Vinyls segment sales volumes decreased by 2.2% compared to 2005 as a result of declines in VCM and PVC fabricated product sales volumes. PVC resin sales volumes increased primarily due to additional volumes from the Geismar facility. PVC pipe sales volumes were negatively impacted by the slowing rate of new home construction in the U.S. and inventory reductions by our customers.2006.

Income from Operations.Operations. Income from operations decreased by $21.5$127.9 million, or 12.0%81.0%, to $30.0 million in 2007 from $157.9 million in 2006 from $179.4 million in 2005.2006. This decrease was primarily due to lower production volumesselling prices for PVC resin and PVC pipe, and higher maintenance expense relatedfeedstock costs which was partially offset by higher sales volumes for PVC resin and caustic soda. Margins and demand in the first nine months of 2006 were very strong due to supply constraints resulting from the planned maintenance turnaround at our Calvert City facility that occurred in May 2006, higher raw material costsimpact from Hurricanes Katrina and a significant reduction in demandRita. Selling prices, margins and sales volumes for most of our vinyls productsPVC

resin and PVC pipe fell dramatically in the fourth quarter of 2006 as previously discussed. Sellingdue to weakness in the construction market, falling energy prices and sales volumes decreased significantly in the fourth quarter resulting in lower operating rates and higher unabsorbed cost. The higher raw material costs resulted in lowerseasonal slowdowns. These margins for several of our products despite higher sales prices.

2005 Compared with 2004

Net Sales.Net sales increased by $455.7 million, or 23.0%, to $2,441.1 million in 2005 from $1,985.4 million in 2004. This increase was primarily due to price increases throughout our Olefins and Vinyls segments and higher sales volumes in VCM, PVC resin and PVC pipe. Higher selling prices largely resulted from stronger demand for our products and higher raw material costs that were generally passed through to customers. PVC pipe sales in 2005 were higher than in 2004remained under pressure during 2007 due to the August 2004 acquisition of the assets of Bristolpipe Corporation.

Gross Margin.Gross margins increased to 18.2% in 2005 from 15.3% in 2004. This increase was primarily due to higher selling prices throughout our Olefins and Vinyls segments and higher sales volumes for VCM, PVC resin and PVC pipe resulting from increased demand. These increases were partially offset by lower sales volumes for ethylene, polyethylene and styrene, higher raw material costs for ethane, propane and benzene and higher energy costs. Our raw materials costs in both segments normally track industry prices, which experienced, according to CMAI, an increase of 24.2% for ethane, 23.3% for propane and 0.7% for benzene in 2005 as compared to 2004. A fire at our Calvert City ethylene plant also negatively impacted our 2004 gross margin. We estimate that the gross margin impact of the outage in 2004 relating to the fire was approximately $8.4 million, which was comprised of higher maintenance cost of $3.4 million, lost margin on sales of approximately $4.6 million and a write-off of equipment of $0.4 million. Gross margin decreased by $1.9 million due to feedstock-related trading losses in 2005.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.Selling, general and administrative, or SG&A, expenses increased $16.4 million, or 27.2%, in 2005 as compared to 2004. The increase was primarily due to costs related to compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, higher legal and environmental consultant fees, increased sales commissions and increased costs resulting from the Bristolpipe acquisition, partially offset by lower provision for doubtful accounts. SG&A costs in 2005 also increased as compared to 2004 due to the receipt of $1.5 millioncontinued weakness in the first quarter of 2004 resulting from a legal settlement with a customer.

Gain on Sale of Asset. Duringconstruction market, higher feedstock costs and the fourth quarter of 2004, we sold a co-generation unit that was included in the purchase of the Geismar assets. We recognized a $2.0 million gain from the sale of those assets. We did not have any gain or loss on sale of assets in 2005.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets.Impairment of long-lived assets of $1.8 million in 2004 was relatedinability to an idled PVC plant in Pace, Florida in the Vinyls segment ($1.3 million) that was written down to its estimated sales value less commissions and ethylene assets in our Olefins segment ($0.5 million) which were written down to their remaining fair market value. We did not have any impairments of long-lived assets in 2005.

Interest Expense.Interest expense in 2005 decreased by $15.7 million to $23.7 million from $39.4 million in 2004 due to lower average debt balances, which were partially offset by higher average interest rates. The average monthly debt balance decreased by $198.1 million to $271.7 million in 2005 from $469.8 million in 2004.

Debt Retirement Cost.We recognized $0.6 million in non-operating expense in 2005 resulting from a write-off in previously capitalized debt issuance cost in connection with the repayment of $30.0 million of our

term loan. We recognized $15.8 million in non-operating expense in 2004, consisting of a pre-payment premium on our 8 3/4% senior notes of $11.6 million and a write off of $4.2 million in previously capitalized debt cost.

Other Income, Net. Other income, net of $2.7 million in 2005 increased slightly over the $2.6 million in 2004 as 2005 reflected improved interest and derivative income, partially offset by lower earnings from our joint venture in China and insurance proceeds received in 2004.

Income Taxes.The effective income tax rate was 34.3% in 2005 as compared to 36.7% in 2004. The 2005 effective income tax rate is lower than the statutory rate of 35% due to Extraterritorial Income (ETI) exclusion tax benefits of approximately 1.6%, tax benefit of approximately 1% related to the new domestic manufacturing deduction and other provision adjustments partially offset by state taxes. The 2004 effective income tax rate is higher than the statutory rate primarily due to state taxes.

Olefins Segment

Net Sales.Net sales increased by $98.7 million, or 7.9%, to $1,350.0 million in 2005 from $1,251.3 million in 2004. This increase was primarily due to price increases for all of our Olefins segment products. These increases were partially offset by lower sales volumes for ethylene, polyethylene and styrene. Average sellingraise prices for the Olefins segment increased by 20.7%our downstream products in 2005 as comparedresponse to 2004. These increased prices were due primarily tothese higher industry demand and higher energy and raw material costs that were generally passed through to customers. The decrease in sales volumes resulted primarily from a three week outage caused by Hurricane Rita. In addition, styrene sales volumes decreased due to lower demand and merchant ethylene sales volumes decreased because our internal requirements for ethylene at Geismar increased.

Income from Operations.Income from operations increased by $16.1 million to $195.7 million in 2005 from $179.6 million in 2004. This increase was primarily due to price increases for ethylene, polyethylene and styrene. These increases were partially offset by lower sales volumes for ethylene, polyethylene and styrene, higher raw material costs for ethane, propane and benzene and higher energy costs.

Vinyls Segment

Net Sales.Net sales increased by $357.0 million, or 48.6%, to $1,091.1 million in 2005 from $734.1 million in 2004. This increase was primarily due to higher selling prices for all of our Vinyls segment products and higher sales volumes for VCM, PVC resin and PVC pipe. Average selling prices for the Vinyls segment increased by 24.6% in 2005 as compared to 2004. These increases were largely due to stronger industry demand for our products and higher raw material costs for propane and chlorine that were generally passed through to our customers. In addition to strong industry demand, PVC pipe sales volume also increased due to the August 2004 acquisition of the assets of Bristolpipe Corporation.

Income from Operations.Income from operations increased by $109.7 million to $179.4 million in 2005 from $69.7 million in 2004. This increase was primarily due to higher selling prices for all of our Vinyls segment products and higher sales volumes for VCM, PVC resin and PVC pipe, partially offset by higher energy costs and higher raw material costs for propane and chlorine. The earnings for 2004 were adversely impacted by a fire at the Calvert City ethylene plant. We estimate that the impact on income from operations from the outage relating to the fire was approximately $8.4 million.

Cash Flows

Operating Activities

Operating activities provided cash of $186.1 million in 2008 compared to $62.2 million in 2007. The $123.9 million increase in cash flows from operating activities was primarily due to changes in working capital, partially offset by lower income from operations in 2008 and higher turnaround costs. Changes in components of working capital, which we define for purposes of this cash flow discussion as accounts receivable, inventories, prepaid expense and other current assets less accounts payable and accrued liabilities, provided cash of $126.1 million in 2008, compared to $149.6 million of cash used in 2007, an increase in cash provided of $275.7 million. In 2008, accounts receivable decreased by $148.9 million largely due to lower sales prices and volumes in the fourth quarter of 2008, and inventory decreased by $199.9 million due primarily to lower valuation and an aggressive inventory reduction strategy in the fourth quarter of 2008 that included a significant reduction in operating rates. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities decreased by $230.0 million during 2008 largely as a result of lower feedstock costs and operating rates in the fourth quarter of 2008. The primary reason for the $149.6 million use of cash related to working capital in 2007 was due to an increase in accounts receivable of $200.7 million and an increase in inventory of $71.6 million, partially offset by an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $120.8 million.

Operating activities provided cash of $62.2 million in 2007 compared to $237.2 million in 2006 compared to $318.4 million in 2005.2006. The $81.2$175.0 million decrease in cash flows from operating activities was primarily due to a decreaselower income from operations in income from

operations,2007 and unfavorable changes in working capital, partially offset by $25.9 million of debt retirement costs of $25.9 million,incurred in 2006 with no equivalent costs in 2007 and a reduction in turnaround costs of $33.1$19.8 million and higher income tax

payments in 2007 as compared to 2006. Tax payments are higher in 2006 than 2005 because 2005 benefited from utilization of net operating loss and alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards. Changes in components of working capital, which we define for purposes of this cash flow discussion as accounts receivable, inventories, prepaid expense and other current assets less accounts payable and accrued liabilities, used cash of $17.8$149.6 million in 2006,2007, compared to $34.4$17.8 million of cash used in 2005. This change represents a decrease2006, an increase in cash use of $16.6$131.8 million. In 2006, inventory2007, accounts receivable increased by $47.3 million primarily due to a drop in demand late in the year. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (excluding those accruals that are included in the section “Cash flows from investing activities”) increased by $43.6 million during 2006.

Operating activities provided cash of $318.4 million in 2005 compared to $150.8 million in 2004. The $167.6 million increase in cash flows from operating activities in 2005 as compared to 2004 was primarily due to improvements in income from operations, as described above, and less cash used for working capital. Income from operations increased by $123.9 million in 2005 as compared to 2004. Changes in components of working capital used cash of $34.4 million in 2005, compared to $115.0 million cash used in 2004, a decrease of cash used of $80.6 million. In 2005, receivables increased by $66.2$200.7 million largely due to higher selling pricesincreased sales while inventory increased by $20.1 million, primarily due to higher feedstock and energy prices.$71.6 million. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities increased by $52.5$120.8 million largely due to higher raw material and energy costs.during 2007. The primary reasonsreason for the $115.0$17.8 million use of cash in 2004 related to working capital components were a $39.3 millionin 2006 was due to an increase in receivables and a $119.1inventory of $47.3 million, increase in inventories, partially offset by a $42.3 million increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The increase in receivables was mainly due to higher average selling prices and sales volumes. The increase in inventories was primarily due to higher feedstock and energy prices. Thean increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities was primarily due to higher energy and raw material costs.of $43.6 million.

Investing Activities

Net cash used for investing activities during 20062008 was $404.3$172.0 million as compared to $87.6$124.8 million in 2005.2007. Capital expenditures were $136.3$172.6 million in 2006 as2008 compared to $85.8$135.7 million in 2005.2007. The increase in2008 capital expenditures was primarily dueincluded significant expenditures related to our expansions at our Calvert City complex and the new PVC pipe plant in Yucca, Arizona. The 2007 period included significant expenditures related to a project designed to upgrade the feedstock flexibility in one of our ethylene plants at our Lake Charles facility and a project to expand our ethylene capacity.units. The remaining capital expenditures in 20062008 and 2007 primarily related to maintenance capital, safety and environmental projects. The capital expenditures in 2005 primarily related to maintenance, safety and environmental projects. Over the next two years, the Company expects to increase capital expenditures related to environmental compliance from $4.6 million in 2006 to $17.1 million in 2007 and $17.6 million in 2008. A significant percentage of the 20072009 and 20082010 estimated amounts are related to equipment replacement and upgrades to maintain environmental compliance. We used $235.7In addition, we received $8.0 million in cash during 2006as an adjustment to acquirethe purchase price of the Longview facilities (see Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements). The additions to equity investments of $4.6 millionfacility in 2006 related to the additional equity interest purchased in Suzhou Huasu Plastics Co. Ltd., our joint venture in China, as discussed previously. In addition, the settlement of derivative instruments in 2006 was an outflow due to the settlement on derivative losses recognized in 2005, which was partially offset by cash settlement receipts from 2006.2007.

Net cash used infor investing activities during 2007 was $87.6$124.8 million compared to $404.3 million in 2005 as2006. Capital expenditures were $135.7 million in 2007 compared to $80.0$136.3 million in 20042006. The 2006 and $41.6 million in 2003. We made capital2007 periods included significant expenditures in 2005 of $85.8 million. These expenditures were for technological modificationsrelated to the EDC plant in Geismar, Louisiana and start up of the VCM and PVC portions of our facilities in Geismar ($16.9 million), and we invested $17.4 million in a project designed to upgrade the feedstock flexibility in one of our ethylene plant and a project to expand our ethylene capacity.units which was placed in service in 2007. The remaining capital expenditures of $51.5 million werein 2007 and 2006

primarily related to maintenance, safety and environmental projects. The $1.9 million equity investment represents an additional equity investment in an unconsolidated subsidiary. We made capital expenditures in 2004 of $52.7 million for refurbishment and upgrades related to the January 2004 fire at the Calvert City ethylene plant ($2.6 million), technological modifications at the Geismar facility ($15.5 million) and maintenance capital, safety and environmental related projects, ($34.6 million).the Calvert City expansion projects and a major upgrade to our styrene unit in Lake Charles. In addition, we used $235.7 million in cash to acquire the Longview facility in 2006, and we received $8.0 million as an adjustment to the purchase price of the Longview facility in 2007. The acquisitioncash settlement of business of $33.3 millionderivative instruments in 2006 related to the acquisition of the assets of Bristolpipe Corporation, which was completed on

August 2, 2004. These expenditures were partially offset by $3.3 million of proceeds from the disposition of assets and $2.8 million of insurance proceeds. We made capital expendituresderivative losses recognized in 2003 of $44.9 million primarily related to maintenance, safety and environmental projects. These expenditures were partially offset by $3.3 million of insurance proceeds.2005.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities during 2008 was $51.2 million compared to cash provided by financing activities of $34.9 million during 2007. In 2007, we issued $250.0 million of our 6 3/4% senior notes to evidence and secure our obligations to the Louisiana Local Government Environmental Facility and Development Authority, a political subdivision of the State of Louisiana (the “Authority”), under a loan agreement related to the Authority’s 6 3/4% tax-exempt revenue bonds. During 2007, $48.1 million of the proceeds of this issuance were used to fund capital projects in Louisiana. The balance of the proceeds, net of expenses, from this issuance is classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets because of the restricted permitted uses of such proceeds. The 2008 activity was primarily related to $68.2 million in draw-downs of this restricted cash for use for eligible capital expenditures, partially offset by the $13.5 million payment of cash dividends. The remainder of our 2007 financing activities was related to borrowings and payments under our revolving credit facility. We also paid $11.8 million in cash dividends in 2007.

Net cash provided by financing activities during 2007 was $34.9 million compared to cash used by financing activities during 2006 wasof $18.1 million as compared to $36.4during 2006. In 2007, we issued $250.0 million in 2005. During 2006, we received proceeds of $249.2 million from the issuance of our 6 53/84% senior notes which was offset byto evidence and secure our obligations to the repayment of $256.0 million of debt andAuthority, under a loan agreement related to the payment of $8.8 million of cash dividends. We also incurred $4.3 million in costs associated with the debt repayment that were capitalized and that will be amortized over the term of theAuthority’s 6 53/84% senior notes. During 2005 we used $31.2tax-exempt revenue bonds. $48.1 million of the proceeds of this issuance were utilized to repay debtfund capital projects in Louisiana. The balance of the proceeds, net of expenses, from this issuance is classified as restricted cash on the December 31, 2007 consolidated balance sheet because of the restricted permitted uses of such proceeds. The remainder of our financing activities was related to borrowings and $6.3 million to pay dividends.

Financing activities used cash of $36.4payments under our revolving credit facility. We also paid $11.8 million in 2005, compared to $64.8 millioncash dividends in 2004 and $10.2 million in 2003. During 2005, we used $31.2 million to repay debt and $6.3 million to pay dividends, which was partially offset by proceeds of $1.2 million from the exercise of stock options. In August 2004 we completed the initial public offering of our common stock (the “IPO”). Net proceeds from the IPO of $181.2 million and cash generated from operating activities were used to repay $244.9 million of debt and affiliate borrowings in 2004. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below. In 2003, we incurred $14.1 million in costs associated with the refinancing that were capitalized and that will be amortized over the term of the new debt.2007.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity and Financing Arrangements

Our principal sources of liquidity are from cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, cash from operations, short-term borrowings under our revolving credit facility and our long-term financing. As discussed previously,In August 2008, we announced the construction of a new chlor-alkali plant at our Geismar, Louisiana facility. We expect this project will cost between $250 million and $300 million and will be partially funded with funds drawn from the proceeds of the issuance of the 6 3/4% revenue bonds of the Authority, issued in December 2007 for our benefit, which are currently performing a feasibility study in connection with the potential development of an ethane-based ethylene, polyethyleneheld as restricted cash. The remaining funding will depend on our revolving credit facility, cash flow from operations and, other derivatives projectpossibly, our ability to obtain additional financing in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. The capital cost is initially estimated to be approximately $1.5 billion, in which we would be a majority partner. If this project is approved, construction could commence in late 2007. It is expected that we would invest some level of cash and the remainder would be financed through a project financing arrangement.future. We believe that our sources of liquidity as described above along with any additional project financing, will be adequate to fund our cash requirements.normal operations and on-going capital expenditures. In addition, in response to the declining economic conditions, we have increased our focus on cost cutting and working capital reduction to improve our liquidity. Funding of any potential large expansions or any potential acquisitions of third-party assets may depend on our ability to obtain additional financing in the future. As of December 31, 2008, the indenture governing our senior notes restricted us from incurring additional debt, except for specified permitted debt (including borrowings under our credit facility, additional borrowings under one or more term loan facilities in an amount not to exceed $200 million and $100 million of other debt), because our fixed charge coverage ratio fell below 2.0 at December 31, 2008. We may not be able to access additional liquidity at cost effective interest rates due to the volatility of the commercial credit markets. Despite the current economic downturn and the credit crisis, our management believes that our revolving credit facility should be available up to our borrowing capacity, if needed. At December 31, 2008, the borrowing base of our credit facility has declined to $257.9 million, which is below the maximum borrowing capacity of $400 million due to our low carrying amount of accounts receivable and inventory, which make up the borrowing base.

Cash and Restricted Cash

CashTotal cash balances were $52.6$224.6 million at December 31, 2006 compared to $237.92008, which included cash and cash equivalents of $90.2 million at December 31, 2005.and restricted cash of $134.4 million. In addition, we have a revolving credit facility available to supplement cash if needed, as described under “Debt” below.

Debt

Our $300.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility is a source of liquidity. As of December 31, 2006, any borrowings under the revolving credit facility bore interest at either LIBOR plus 1.00% or prime rate minus 0.50%. The revolving credit facility also requires an unused commitment fee of 0.25%. All interest rates under the facility are subject to quarterly grid pricing adjustments based on a fixed charge coverage ratio. The facility matures on January 6, 2011. As of December 31, 2006, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $13.6 million and available borrowing capacity of $286.4 million under this facility.

As of December 31, 2006,2008, our long-term debt, including current maturities, totaled $260.1$510.3 million, consisting of $249.2$250.0 million principal amount of 6 5/8% senior notes due 2016 (less the unamortized discount of $0.6 million), $250.0 million of 6 3/4% senior notes due 2032 and a $10.9 million loan from the

proceeds of tax-exempt waste disposal revenue bonds (supported by an $11.3 million letter of credit). The 6 3/4% senior notes evidence and secure our obligations to the Authority under a loan agreement relating to the issuance of $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Authority’s tax-exempt revenue bonds. Debt outstanding under the tax-exempt waste disposal revenue bonds bears interest at variable rates.

On September 8, 2008, we amended our senior secured revolving credit facility to, among other things, increase the lenders’ commitments under the facility from $300 million to $400 million. On February 5, 2009, we further amended our revolving credit facility to allow us to make specified distributions when our fixed charge coverage ratio falls below 1.0 but we maintain at least $125 million to $200 million (depending on the amount of the distribution) of borrowing availability, including cash, under the credit facility. At December 31, 2008, we had no borrowings under the revolving credit facility. Subsequent to the latest amendment, any borrowings under the facility would bear interest at either LIBOR plus 3.00% or the prime rate plus 1.50%. The revolving credit facility also requires an unused commitment fee ranging from 0.75% to 0.875%, depending on our average daily borrowings. All interest rates under the facility are subject to quarterly grid pricing adjustments based on average daily loan availability. The facility matures on September 8, 2013. As of December 31, 2008, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $14.2 million and loan availability of $257.9 million under the facility.

On December 13, 2007 the Authority issued $250.0 million of 6 3/4% tax-exempt revenue bonds due November 1, 2032 under the Gulf Opportunity Zone Act of 2005. The bonds are non-callable through November 1, 2017. The bonds are subject to redemption and the holders may require the bonds to be repurchased upon a change of control or a change in or loss of the current tax status. In connection with the issuance of the bonds, we entered into a loan agreement with the Authority pursuant to which we agreed to pay all of the principal, premium, if any, and interest on the bonds and certain other amounts to the Authority. The proceeds from the bond offering were loaned by the Authority to us. We intend to use the proceeds to expand, refurbish and maintain certain of our facilities in the Louisiana Parishes of Calcasieu and Ascension. To evidence and secure our obligations under the loan agreement, we entered into a second supplemental indenture, by and among us, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, and issued $250 million aggregate principal amount of our 6 3/4% senior notes due 2032 to be held by the trustee pursuant to the terms and provisions of the loan agreement. The 6 3/4% senior notes are unsecured and rank equally in right of payment with other existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness. All domestic restricted subsidiaries that guarantee other debt of ours or of another guarantor of the senior notes in excess of $5.0 million are guarantors of the senior notes. As of December 31, 2008, we had drawn $116.4 million of bond proceeds. The balance of the proceeds, principal plus current and accrued interest income, remains with a trustee, and is classified on our consolidated balance sheet as a non-current asset, restricted cash, until such time as we request reimbursement of amounts used to expand, refurbish and maintain our facilities in Calcasieu and Ascension Parishes.

On January 13, 2006, we issued $250.0 million of 65/8% aggregate principal amount of senior notes due 2016, the proceeds of which, together with cash on hand, were used to redeem our 8 3/4% senior notes due 2011 and repay our term loan as follows:

On January 18, 2006, we repaid the entire $9.0 million outstanding under our term loan, plus accrued but unpaid interest.

On two redemption dates, February 8, 2006 and February 13, 2006, we redeemed the entire $247.0 million principal amount outstanding of our 8 3/4% senior notes due 2011, and paid a pre-payment premium of $22.2 million, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

As a result of the early redemption of the 8 3/4% senior notes due 2011 and the repayment of the term loan, we recognized $25.9 million in non-operating expense in the first quarter of 2006 consisting of a pre-payment premium on the 8 3/4% senior notes of $22.2 million and a write-off of $3.7 million in previously capitalized debt issuance cost.

2016. The 65/8% senior notes are unsecured and were issued with an original issue discount of $0.8 million. There is no sinking fund and no scheduled amortization of the notes prior to maturity. The notes are subject to redemption and the holders may require us to repurchase the notes upon a change of control. All domestic restricted subsidiaries that guarantee other debt of ours or of another guarantor of the senior notes in excess of $5$5.0 million are guarantors of the notes.

The agreements governing the 65/8% and the 6 3/4% senior notes (together the “senior notes”) and the revolving credit facility each contain customary covenants and events of default. Accordingly, these agreements impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us. These restrictions, among other things, provide limitations on incurrence of additional indebtedness, the payment of dividends, certain investments and acquisitions and sales of assets. One such restriction currently restricts us from incurring additional debt, except specified permitted debt (including borrowings under our credit facility), because our fixed charge coverage ratio fell below 2.0 at December 31, 2008. These limitations are subject to a number of important qualifications and exceptions, including, without limitation, an exception for the payment of our regular quarterly dividend of up to $0.20 per share (currently $0.04$0.0525 per share). The 6 5/8% senior notes indenture does not allow distributions, including dividends and certain other restricted payments unless, after giving pro forma effect to the distribution, our fixed charge coverage ratio is at least 2.0 and such payment, together with the aggregate amount of all other distributions after January 13, 2006, is less than the sum of 50% of our consolidated net income for the period from October 1, 2003 to the end of the most recent quarter for which financial statements have been filed, plus 100% of net cash proceeds received after October 1, 2003 as a contribution to our common equity capital or from the issuance or sale of certain securities, plus several other adjustments. The amount allowed under this restriction was $436.3would have been $451.6 million at December 31, 2006.2008; however, because our fixed charge coverage ratio was below 2.0, the actual amount allowed was restricted to the payment of our regular quarterly dividend of up to $0.20 per share. The revolving credit facility also restricts dividend paymentsdistributions unless, after giving effect to such payment, our fixed charge coverage ratio is at least 1.0, provided that we may also make specified distributions when our fixed charge coverage ratio falls below 1.0 but we maintain at least between $125 million to $200 million (depending on the amount of the distributions) of borrowing availability, including cash, under the line of credit equals or exceeds $60.0 million. None of thefacility. No other agreements require us to maintain specified financial ratios, except that the revolving credit facility requires us to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.0 to 1.0 when availability falls below $60.0 million.ratios. In addition, the 6 5/8% senior notes indenture and the revolving credit facility restrict our ability to create liens, to engage in certain affiliate transactions and to engage in sale-leaseback transactions.

In December 1997, we entered into a loan agreement with a public trust established for public purposes for the benefit of the Parish of Calcasieu, Louisiana. The public trust issued $10.9 million principal amount of tax-exempt waste disposal revenue bonds (revenue bonds) in order to finance our construction of waste disposal facilities for an ethylene plant. The revenue bonds expire in December 2027 and are subject to redemption and mandatory tender for purchase prior to maturity under certain conditions. Interest on the revenue bonds accrues at a rate determined by a remarketing agent and is payable quarterly. The interest rate on the revenue bonds at December 31, 2008 and 2007 was 1.08% and 3.69%, respectively.

Our ability to make payments on our indebtedness and to fund planned capital expenditures will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future, which is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. Based on our current level of operations, we believe our cash flow from operations, available cash and available borrowings under our revolving credit facility will be adequate to meet our liquiditynormal operating needs for the foreseeable future.

Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments

In addition to long-term debt, we are required to make payments relating to various types of obligations. The following table summarizes our minimum payments as of December 31, 20062008 relating to long-term debt, operating leases, unconditional purchase obligations and operating leases, other long-term liabilities and interest payments for the next five years and thereafter, after giving effectthereafter. The amounts do not include pension liabilities, post-retirement medical liabilities, deferred charges and other items classified in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet due to the refinancing transaction described above.uncertainty of the future payment schedule. Long-term liabilities for pension and post-retirement liabilities totaled $36.9 million as of December 31, 2008. See the discussion in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements for more information.

 

  Payment Due by Period  Payment Due by Period
  Total  2007    2008-2009      2010-2011      Thereafter    Total  2009  2010-2011  2012-2013  Thereafter
  (dollars in millions)  (dollars in millions)

Contractual Obligations

                    

Long-term debt

  $260.9  $—    $—    $—    $260.9  $510.3  $—    $—    $—    $510.3

Operating leases

   123.2   27.6   49.3   30.3   16.0   133.7   29.4   46.8   24.6   32.9

Unconditional purchase obligations

   490.6   231.7   238.3   11.0   9.6   46.9   28.0   11.6   3.9   3.4

Other liabilities included in the balance sheet

   3.1   3.1   —     —     —  

Interest payments

   166.5   17.0   34.0   34.0   81.5   528.7   33.6   67.1   67.1   360.9
                              

Total

  $1,044.3  $279.4  $321.6  $75.3  $368.0  $1,219.6  $91.0  $125.5  $95.6  $907.5
                              

Other Commercial Commitments

                    

Standby letters of credit

  $13.6  $2.3  $11.3  $—    $—    $14.2  $14.2  $—    $—    $—  
                              

Long-Term Debt. Long-term debt reflectsconsists of the 6 5/8% senior notes, the 6 3/4% senior notes and the tax-exempt waste disposal revenue bonds.

Operating Leases. We lease various facilities and equipment under noncancelable operating leases (primarily related to rail car leases and land) for various periods.

Unconditional Purchase Obligations. We are party to various unconditional obligations to purchase products and services, primarily including commitments to purchase ethylene, power, nitrogen, oxygen, wastewater treatment services, product storage and pipeline usage. The ethylene obligation included above is based on a December 31, 20062008 price and is subject to price variation in the future. We also have various purchase commitments for materials, supplies and services incident to the ordinary conduct of business which may not be unconditional and are not reflected in the table above.

Other Liabilities. The amounts represent a current liability for a technology license used to produce LLDPE and HDPE. The license requires us to make annual payments of $3.1 million through May 2007. The amounts do not include pension liabilities, post-retirement medical liabilities, deferred charges and other items due to the uncertainty of the future payment schedule. Long-term liabilities for pension and post-retirement liabilities totaled $33.3 million as of December 31, 2006.

Interest Payments. Interest payments are based on interest rates in effect at December 31, 20062008 and assume contractual amortization payments.

Standby Letters of Credit. This includes (1) our obligation under a $11.3 million letter of credit issued in connection with the $10.9 million tax-exempt waste disposal revenue bonds and (2) other letters of credit totaling $2.3$2.9 million issued to support obligations under our insurance programs, including workers’ compensation claims and other commercial obligations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

None.

Critical Accounting Policies

Critical accounting policies are those that are important to our financial condition and require management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments. Different amounts would be reported under different operating conditions or under alternative assumptions. We have evaluated the accounting policies used in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes and believe those policies are reasonable and appropriate.

We apply those accounting policies that we believe best reflect the underlying business and economic events, consistent with GAAP. Our more critical accounting policies include those related to long-lived assets, accruals for long-term employee benefits, inventories, accounts receivable and environmental and legal obligations. Inherent in such policies are certain key assumptions and estimates. We periodically update the estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements based on our latest assessment of the current and projected business and general economic environment. Our significant accounting policies are summarized in Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K. We believe the following to be our most critical accounting policies applied in the preparation of our financial statements.

Revenue Recognition.Revenue is recognized when title and risk of loss passes to the customer upon delivery under executed customer purchase orders or contracts. For export contracts, the title and risk of loss passes to customers at the time specified by each contract. Provisions for discounts, rebates and returns are provided for in the same period as the related sales are recorded.

Long-Lived Assets. Key estimates related to long-lived assets include useful lives, recoverability of carrying values and existence of any retirement obligations and such estimates could be significantly modified. The carrying values of long-lived assets could be impaired by new technological developments, new chemical industry entrants with significant raw material or other cost advantages, uncertainties associated with the U.S. and world economies, the cyclical nature of the chemical and refining industries and uncertainties associated with governmental actions.

We periodically evaluate long-lived assets for potential impairment indicators. Our judgments regarding the existence of impairment indicators are based on legal factors, market conditions and the operational performance of our businesses. Actual impairment losses incurred could vary significantly from amounts estimated. Additionally, future events could cause us to conclude that impairment indicators exist and that associated long-lived assets of our businesses are impaired. Any resulting impairment loss could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

The estimated useful lives of long-lived assets range from three to 25 years. Depreciation and amortization of these assets, including amortization of deferred turnaround costs, under the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives totaled $111.9 million, $103.5 million and $86.3 million $81.2 millionin 2008, 2007 and $81.1 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. If the useful lives of the assets were found to be shorter than originally estimated, depreciation charges would be accelerated.

We defer the costs of major turnaround maintenance and repair activities and amortize the costs over the period until the next expected major turnaround of the affected unit. In 2008, we had a major turnaround at our styrene facility in Lake Charles. In 2007, we had a major turnaround at one of our ethylene units at our Lake Charles facility. In 2006, we had a major turnaround at our Calvert City facility and at one of our ethylene units in Lake Charles. Total costs deferred on these turnarounds were $16.5 million in 2008, $13.3 million in 2007 and $33.1 million. There were no major turnaroundsmillion in 2005 and 2004.2006. Amortization in 2006, 20052008, 2007 and 20042006 of previously deferred turnaround costs was $4.9$11.2 million, $5.0$10.5 million and $6.4$4.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2006,2008, capitalized turnaround costs, net of accumulated amortization, totaled $35.6$43.6 million. Expensing turnaround costs would likely result in greater variability of our quarterly operating results and would adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.

Additional information concerning long-lived assets and related depreciation and amortization appears in NoteNotes 5 and 6 to the audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

Fair Value Estimates. We develop estimates of fair value to allocate the purchase prices paid to acquire businesses to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in those acquisitions, to assess impairment of long-lived assets, goodwill and intangible assets and to record derivative instruments and certain other elected assets. Under the purchase method of accounting, the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. We use all available information to make these fair value determinations, including the

engagement of third-party consultants. As of December 31, 2008, our recorded goodwill was $30.0 million, all of which was associated with the acquisition of our Longview facilities. In addition, we record all derivative instruments and certain inventory balances associated with our trading strategy at fair value. The fair value of these items is determined by quoted market prices or from observable market-based inputs. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements for more information.

Long-Term Employee Benefit Costs. Our costs for long-term employee benefits, particularly pension and postretirement medical and life benefits, are incurred over long periods of time and involve many uncertainties over those periods. The net periodic benefit cost attributable to current periods is based on several assumptions about such future uncertainties, and is sensitive to changes in those assumptions. It is our responsibility, often with the assistance of independent experts, to select assumptions that represent the best estimates of those uncertainties. It is also our responsibility to review those assumptions periodically and, if necessary, adjust the assumptions to reflect changes in economic or other factors.

Accounting for employee retirement plans involves estimating the cost of benefits that are to be provided in the future and attempting to match, for each employee, that estimated cost to the period worked. To accomplish this, we rely extensively on advice from actuaries, and assumptions are made about inflation, investment returns, mortality, employee turnover and discount rates that ultimately impact amounts recorded. While we believe that the amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K related to these retirement plans are based on the best estimates and judgments available, the actual outcomes could differ from these estimates.

Assumed healthcare trend rates do not have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the healthcare plans because benefits for participants are capped at a fixed amount.

Additional information on the key assumptions underlying these benefit costs appears in Note 12 to the audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

Inventories. Inventories primarily include product, materials and supplies. Inventories are stated at lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out, or FIFO, method. The use of other methods, such as LIFO, could result in differing amounts being reported as inventories and cost of sales depending on price changes and sales turnover levels.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. In our determination of the allowance for doubtful accounts, and consistent with our accounting policy, we estimate the amount of accounts receivable that we believe are unlikely to be collected and we record an expense of that amount. Estimating this amount requires us to analyze the financial strength of our customers, and, in our analysis, we combine the use of historical experience, our accounts receivable aged trial balance and specific collectibility analysis. We review our allowance for doubtful accounts quarterly. Balances over 90 days past due and accounts determined by our analysis of financial strength of customers to be high risk are reviewed individually for collectibility. By its nature, such an estimate is highly subjective and it is possible that the amount of accounts receivable that we are unable to collect may be different than the amount initially estimated.

Income Taxes. The Company utilizesWe utilize the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the liability method, deferred tax assets or liabilities are recorded based upon temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their carrying values for financial reporting purposes. Deferred tax expense or benefit is the result of changes in the deferred tax assets and liabilities during the period. Valuation allowances are recorded against deferred tax assets when it is considered more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Environmental and Legal Obligations. We consult with various professionals to assist us in making estimates relating to environmental costs and legal proceedings. We accrue an expense when we determine that it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable. While we believe that the

amounts recorded in the accompanying consolidated financial statements related to these contingencies are based on the best estimates and judgments available, the actual outcomes could differ from our estimates. Additional information about certain legal proceedings and environmental matters appears in Note 1617 to the audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements, including expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on results of operations and financial condition, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Commodity Price Risk

A substantial portion of our products and raw materials are commodities whose prices fluctuate as market supply and demand fundamentals change. Accordingly, product margins and the level of our profitability tend to fluctuate with changes in the business cycle. We try to protect against such instability through various business strategies. Our strategies include ethylene product feedstock flexibility and moving downstream into the olefins and vinyls products where pricing is more stable. We use derivative instruments in certain instances to reduce price volatility risk on feedstocks and products. Based on our open derivative positions at December 31, 2006, a hypothetical $1.00 increase in the price of a MMBtu of natural gas would have increased our income before taxes by $1.5 million, a hypothetical $1.00 increase in the price of a barrel of crude oil would have decreased our income before taxes by $0.4 million,2008, a hypothetical $0.10 increase in the price of a gallon of ethane would have increaseddecreased our income before taxes by $0.9$1.8 million and a hypothetical $0.10 increase in the price of a gallonMMbtu of benzenenatural gas would have decreased our income before taxes by $2.1$0.1 million. Additional information concerning derivative commodity instruments appears in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to interest rate risk with respect to fixed and variable rate debt. At December 31, 2006,2008, we had variable rate debt of $10.9 million outstanding. All of the debt outstanding under our revolving credit facility (none was outstanding at December 31, 2008) and tax-exempt waste disposal revenue bonds is at variable rates. We do not currently hedge our variable interest rate debt, but we may do so in the future. The interest rate for our variable rate debt of $10.9 million as of December 31, 20062008 was 4.02%1.08%. A hypothetical 100 basis point increase in the average interest rate on our variable rate debt would increase our annual interest expense by approximately $0.1 million. Also, at December 31, 2006,2008, we had $249.2$500.0 million principal amount of fixed rate debt. We are subject to the risk of higher interest cost if and when this debt is refinanced. If interest rates are 1% higher at the time of refinancing, our annual interest expense would increase by approximately $2.5$5.0 million.

Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

   Page

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

  4145

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

  4246

Consolidated Financial Statements:

  

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 20062008 and 20052007

  4447

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2006, 20052008, 2007 and 20042006

  4548

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2006, 20052008, 2007 and 20042006

  4649

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2006, 20052008, 2007 and 20042006

  4750

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

  4851

Financial StatementSchedule II - II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

  85

Financial statement schedules not included in this Form 10-K have been omitted because they are not applicable or because the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

The management of Westlake Chemical Corporation is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Westlake’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Westlake acquired Westlake Longview Corporation (“Longview”), which is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Westlake Chemical Corporation, on November 30, 2006. Longview’s sales that are included in Westlake’s consolidated net sales comprise approximately 1.6% of the consolidated net sales for the year ended December 31, 2006. Total assets of Longview comprise approximately 17.4% of the consolidated total assets as of December 31, 2006. Since the acquisition occurred late in 2006, Westlake was not required to include Longview in its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting for Westlake as of December 31, 2006. Accordingly, Longview is excluded from Westlake management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006.

Westlake management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006.2008. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission inInternal Control—Integrated Framework. Based on its assessment, Westlake’s management has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (which excludes Westlake Longview Corporation as permitted and discussed above) was effective as of December 31, 20062008 based on those criteria.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has also audited management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 20062008 as stated in their report that appears on the following page.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

of Westlake Chemical Corporation:

We have completed integrated audits of Westlake Chemical Corporation’s 2006 and 2005 consolidated financial statements and of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006 and an audit of its 2004 consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Our opinions, based on our audits, are presented below.

Consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the accompanying index present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Westlake Chemical Corporation and its subsidiaries at December 31, 20062008 and 2005,2007, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 20062008 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. TheseAlso in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial statements and financial statement schedule arereporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established inInternal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the responsibilityCommittee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management. Our responsibilitymanagement is to express an opinion onresponsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting located on page 45 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financial statement schedule, and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the auditaudits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An auditmisstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements includesincluded examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Internal control over financial reportingopinions.

Also,As discussed in our opinion, management’s assessment, included in Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing on page 41, thatNote 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company maintained effective internal control overelected to change the manner in which it accounts for the fair value of certain financial reporting as of December 31, 2006 based on criteria establishedassets and financial liabilities inInternal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on those criteria. Furthermore, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on criteria established inInternal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the COSO. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on management’s assessment and on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. An audit of internal control over financial reporting includes obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating management’s assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we consider necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinions. 2008.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting

includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management has excluded Westlake Longview Corporation from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006 because it was acquired by the Company in a purchase business combination during 2006. We have also excluded Westlake Longview Corporation from our audit of internal control over financial reporting. Westlake Longview Corporation is a wholly-owned subsidiary whose total assets and total revenues represent 17% and 2%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2006.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Houston, Texas

February 23, 200719, 2009

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

  December 31,   December 31, 
  2006 2005   2008 2007 
  

(in thousands of dollars, except

par values and share amounts)

   

(in thousands of dollars, except

par values and share amounts)

 
ASSETS      

Current assets

      

Cash and cash equivalents

  $52,646  $237,895   $90,239  $24,914 

Accounts receivable, net

   308,903   302,779    347,323   507,463 

Inventories, net

   456,276   339,870    327,967   527,871 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

   16,086   9,306    6,838   14,232 

Deferred income taxes

   15,876   13,013    26,622   17,705 
              

Total current assets

   849,787   902,863    798,989   1,092,185 

Property, plant and equipment, net

   1,076,903   863,232    1,197,452   1,126,212 

Equity investment

   26,382   20,042    30,107   29,486 

Restricted cash

   134,432   199,450 

Other assets, net

   129,026   41,052    126,009   122,002 
              

Total assets

  $2,082,098  $1,827,189   $2,286,989  $2,569,335 
              
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY      

Current liabilities

      

Accounts payable

  $238,914  $199,777   $112,833  $314,951 

Accrued liabilities

   82,998   104,872    99,455   126,311 

Current portion of long-term debt

   —     1,200 
              

Total current liabilities

   321,912   305,849    212,288   441,262 

Long-term debt

   260,156   265,689    510,319   511,414 

Deferred income taxes

   281,828   221,088    280,486   287,965 

Other liabilities

   44,661   40,457    44,836   42,024 
              

Total liabilities

   908,557   833,083    1,047,929   1,282,665 
              

Commitments and contingencies (Notes 8 and 16)

   

Commitments and contingencies (Notes 7 and 17)

   

Stockholders’ equity

      

Preferred stock, nonvoting, noncumulative, no par value; no shares issued and outstanding

   —     —   

Common stock, $0.01 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized; 65,268,585 and 65,121,850 shares issued and outstanding in 2006 and 2005, respectively

   653   651 

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding

   —     —   

Common stock, $0.01 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized; 65,658,142 and 65,487,119 shares issued and outstanding in 2008 and 2007, respectively

   657   655 

Additional paid-in capital

   427,893   424,537    435,581   431,197 

Retained earnings

   754,921   569,164    814,873   857,872 

Unearned compensation on restricted stock

   —     (971)

Accumulated other comprehensive income

      

Benefits liability, net of tax

   (12,186)  —      (13,339)  (9,234)

Minimum pension liability, net of tax

   —     (1,976)

Cumulative translation adjustment

   2,260   2,701    1,288   6,180 
              

Total stockholders’ equity

   1,173,541   994,106    1,239,060   1,286,670 
              

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

  $2,082,098  $1,827,189   $2,286,989  $2,569,335 
              

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

 

  Year Ended December 31,   Year Ended December 31, 
  2006 2005 2004   2008 2007 2006 
  (in thousands of dollars except per share data)   (in thousands of dollars except per share data) 

Net sales

  $2,484,366  $2,441,105  $1,985,353   $3,692,353  $3,192,178  $2,484,366 

Cost of sales

   2,087,883   1,997,474   1,682,168    3,622,985   2,920,778   2,087,883 
                    

Gross profit

   396,483   443,631   303,185    69,368   271,400   396,483 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   83,232   76,598   60,238    98,908   96,679   83,232 

Gain on sale of assets

   —     —     (2,049)

Impairment of long-lived assets

   —     —     1,830 
                    

Income from operations

   313,251   367,033   243,166 

(Loss) income from operations

   (29,540)  174,721   313,251 

Other income (expense)

        

Interest expense

   (16,519)  (23,717)  (39,350)   (33,957)  (18,422)  (16,519)

Debt retirement cost

   (25,853)  (646)  (15,791)   —     —     (25,853)

Other income, net

   11,670   2,658   2,637    5,475   2,658   11,670 
                    

Income before income taxes

   282,549   345,328   190,662 

Provision for income taxes

   87,990   118,511   69,940 

(Loss) income before income taxes

   (58,022)  158,957   282,549 

(Benefit from) provision for income taxes

   (28,479)  44,228   87,990 
                    

Net income

  $194,559  $226,817  $120,722 

Net (loss) income

  $(29,543) $114,729  $194,559 
                    

Earnings per common share:

    

(Loss) earnings per common share:

    

Basic

  $2.99  $3.49  $2.19   $(0.45) $1.76  $2.99 
                    

Diluted

  $2.98  $3.48  $2.18   $(0.45) $1.76  $2.98 
                    

Weighted average shares outstanding:

        

Basic

   65,133,628   65,008,253   55,230,786    65,273,485   65,234,828   65,133,628 

Diluted

   65,254,654   65,251,109   55,355,442    65,316,981   65,324,326   65,254,654 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

     Common Stock         

Accumulated Other

Comprehensive

Income (Loss)

    
  

Preferred

Stock

  

Number

of Shares

 Amount 

Additional

Paid-in

Capital

 

Retained

Earnings

  

Unearned

Compensation

  

Benefits
Liability Net

of Tax(1)

  

Cumulative

Foreign

Currency

Exchange

  Total 

Balances at December 31, 2003

  12,000  49,499,395  495  205,011  229,346   —     (1,547)  298   445,603 

Net income

  —    —    —    —    120,722   —     —     —     120,722 

Other comprehensive (loss) income

  —    —    —    —    —     —     (192)  1,376   1,184 
            

Total comprehensive income

  —    —    —    —    —     —     —     —     121,906 

Preferred stock exchange

  (12,000) 2,005,881  20  34,080  —     —     —     —     22,100 

Common stock issuance

  —    13,391,213  134  181,033  —     —     —     —     181,167 

Dividends paid

  —    —    —    —    (1,379)  —     —     —     (1,379)
                                

Balances at December 31, 2004

  —    64,896,489  649  420,124  348,689   —     (1,739)  1,674   769,397 

Net income

  —    —    —    —    226,817   —     —     —     226,817 

Other comprehensive (loss) income

  —    —    —    —    —     —     (237)  1,027   790 
            

Total comprehensive income

  —    —    —    —    —     —     —     —     227,607 

Stock options exercised

  —    81,694  1  1,183  —     —     —     —     1,184 

Restricted stock grants

  —    143,667  1  1,610  —     (971)  —     —     640 

Tax benefit on equity compensation

  —    —    1,620      1,620 

Dividends paid

  —    —    —    —    (6,342)  —     —     —     (6,342)
                                

Balances at December 31, 2005

  —    65,121,850  651  424,537  569,164   (971)  (1,976)  2,701   994,106 

Net income

  —    —    —    —    194,559   —     —     —     194,559 

Other comprehensive loss

  —    —    —    —    —     —     (258)  (441)  (699)
            

Total comprehensive income

  —    —    —    —    —     —     —     —     193,860 

Stock options exercised

  —    124,253  1  1,848  —     —     —     —     1,849 

Stock-based compensation

  —    22,482  1  1,508  —     971   —     —     2,480 

Adoption of SFAS 158

  —    —    —    —    —     —     (9,952)  —     (9,952)

Dividends paid

  —    —    —    —    (8,802)  —     —     —     (8,802)
                                

Balances at December 31, 2006

 $—    65,268,585 $653 $427,893 $754,921  $—    $(12,186) $2,260  $1,173,541 
                                

  Common Stock Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 Retained
Earnings
  Unearned
Compensation
  Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income
(Loss)
  Total 
  Number
of Shares
 Amount    Benefits
Liability Net
of Tax(1)
  Cumulative
Foreign
Currency
Exchange
  

Balances at December 31, 2005

 65,121,850  651  424,537  569,164   (971)  (1,976)  2,701   994,106 

Net income

 —    —    —    194,559   —     —     —     194,559 

Other comprehensive loss

 —    —    —    —     —     (258)  (441)  (699)
           

Total comprehensive income

         193,860 

Stock options exercised

 124,253  1  1,848  —     —     —     —     1,849 

Stock-based compensation, net of tax on exercised stock

 22,482  1  1,508  —     971   —     —     2,480 

Adoption of SFAS 158

 —    —    —    —     —     (9,952)  —     (9,952)

Dividends paid

 —    —    —    (8,802)  —     —     —     (8,802)
                            

Balances at December 31, 2006

 65,268,585  653  427,893  754,921   —     (12,186)  2,260   1,173,541 

Net income

 —    —    —    114,729   —     —     —     114,729 

Other comprehensive income

 —    —    —    —     —     2,952   3,920   6,872 
           

Total comprehensive income

         121,601 

Stock options exercised

 21,874  —    328  —     —     —     —     328 

Stock-based compensation, net of tax on exercised stock

 196,660  2  2,976  —     —     —     —     2,978 

Dividends paid

 —    —    —    (11,778)  —     —     —     (11,778)
                            

Balances at December 31, 2007

 65,487,119  655  431,197  857,872   —     (9,234)  6,180   1,286,670 

Net loss

 —    —    —    (29,543)  —     —     —     (29,543)

Other comprehensive loss

 —    —    —    —     —     (4,105)  (4,892)  (8,997)
           

Total comprehensive loss

         (38,540)

Stock options exercised

 14,899  —    208  —     —     —     —     208 

Stock-based compensation, net of tax on exercised stock

 156,124  2  4,176  —     —     —     —     4,178 

Dividends paid

 —    —    —    (13,456)  —     —     —     (13,456)
                            

Balances at December 31, 2008

 65,658,142 $657 $435,581 $814,873  $—    $(13,339) $1,288  $1,239,060 
                            

(1)Includes benefits liability, net of tax and minimum pension liability, net of tax.tax in 2005.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

  Year Ended December 31,   Year Ended December 31, 
  2006 2005 2004   2008 2007 2006 
  (in thousands of dollars)   (in thousands of dollars) 

Cash flows from operating activities

        

Net income

  $194,559  $226,817  $120,722 

Net (loss) income

  $(29,543) $114,729  $194,559 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities

        

Depreciation and amortization

   86,262   81,241   81,075    111,926   103,514   86,262 

Provision for (recovery of) doubtful accounts

   1,287   (2,307)  (456)

Provision for doubtful accounts

   15,282   420   1,287 

Amortization of debt issue costs

   850   1,456   2,097    954   760   850 

Loss (gain) from disposition of fixed assets

   2,848   4,746   (218)

Stock-based compensation expense

   4,178   2,873   1,731 

Loss from disposition of fixed assets

   4,900   724   2,848 

Write-off of debt issuance cost

   3,623   646   4,153    —     —     3,623 

Impairment of long-lived assets

   —     —     1,830 

Deferred income taxes

   13,852   45,745   65,188    (13,879)  5,286   13,852 

Equity in income of joint venture

   (1,766)  (94)  (1,379)   (621)  (2,796)  (1,766)

Changes in operating assets and liabilities

        

Accounts receivable

   (7,411)  (66,225)  (39,315)   148,852   (200,657)  (7,411)

Inventories

   (47,275)  (20,054)  (119,056)   199,904   (71,595)  (47,275)

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

   (6,724)  (617)  1,055    7,394   1,854   (6,724)

Accounts payable

   59,150   49,718   30,816    (202,865)  77,441   59,150 

Accrued liabilities

   (15,549)  2,747   11,487    (27,183)  43,313   (15,549)

Other, net

   (46,522)  (5,372)  (7,218)   (33,210)  (13,700)  (48,253)
                    

Net cash provided by operating activities

   237,184   318,447   150,781    186,089   62,166   237,184 
                    

Cash flows from investing activities

        

Additions to property, plant and equipment

   (136,258)  (85,760)  (52,710)   (172,561)  (135,725)  (136,258)

Additions to equity investments

   (4,574)  (1,867)  —      —     (308)  (4,574)

Acquisition of business

   (235,674)  —     (33,294)   —     8,043   (235,674)

Purchases of short-term investments

   (216,510)  —     —      —     —     (216,510)

Sales and maturities of short-term investments

   216,510   —     —      —     —     216,510 

Settlements of derivative instruments

   (28,052)  —     —      (199)  2,995   (28,052)

Proceeds from disposition of assets

   222   37   3,256    808   190   222 

Proceeds from insurance claims

   —     —     2,785 
                    

Net cash used for investing activities

   (404,336)  (87,590)  (79,963)   (171,952)  (124,805)  (404,336)
                    

Cash flows from financing activities

        

Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net

   —     —     181,167 

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

   1,849   1,184   —      208   328   1,849 

Dividends paid

   (8,802)  (6,342)  (1,379)   (13,456)  (11,778)  (8,802)

Proceeds from affiliate borrowings

   —     —     336 

Repayments of affiliate borrowings

   —     —     (5,727)

Proceeds from borrowings

   249,185   —     —      851,635   326,584   249,185 

Repayments of borrowings

   (256,000)  (31,200)  (239,200)   (852,812)  (325,407)  (256,000)

Utilization of restricted cash

   68,248   48,124   —   

Capitalized debt issuance costs

   (4,329)  —     —      (2,635)  (2,944)  (4,329)
                    

Net cash used for financing activities

   (18,097)  (36,358)  (64,803)

Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities

   51,188   34,907   (18,097)
                    

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

   (185,249)  194,499   6,015 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

   65,325   (27,732)  (185,249)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year

   237,895   43,396   37,381    24,914   52,646   237,895 
                    

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year

  $52,646  $237,895  $43,396   $90,239  $24,914  $52,646 
                    

Supplemental cash flow information

        

Interest paid

  $21,449  $22,978  $40,330   $33,622  $19,077  $21,449 

Income taxes paid

  $90,886  $78,263  $4,188   $42,683  $16,190  $90,886 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

Westlake Chemical Corporation (the “Company”) operates as an integrated manufacturer and marketer of basic chemicals, vinyls, polymers and fabricated products. These products include some of the most widely used chemicals in the world, which are fundamental to many diverse consumer and industrial markets, including flexible and rigid packaging, automotive products, coatings, residential and commercial construction as well as other durable and non-durable goods. The Company’s customers range from large chemical processors and plastics fabricators to small construction contractors, municipalities and supply warehouses primarily throughout North America. The petrochemical industry is subject to price fluctuations and volatile feedstock pricing typical of a commodity-based industry, the effects of which may not be immediately passed along to all of the Company’s customers.

During the third quarter of 2004, the Company completed an initial public offering of its common stock (“IPO”). In addition, on November 30, 2006, the Company acquired the Longview facilities as discussed in Note 14.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and subsidiaries in which the Company directly or indirectly owns more than a 50% voting interest and exercises a controlling financial interest or the entity meets the definition of a variable interest entity. The Company owns a 58%59% interest in a PVC joint venture in China, but it accounts for the investment using the equity method of accounting because the entity does not meet the definition of a variable interest entity under FIN 46R, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (revised December 2003) an interpretation of ARB No. 51,” and because contractual arrangements allowing certain substantive participatory rights to minority shareholders prevent the Company from exercising a controlling financial interest over this entity. Undistributed earnings from the joint venture included in retained earnings are $3,140were $6,124 as of December 31, 2006.2008.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash and have a maturity of three months or less at the date of acquisition.

Short-term Investments

From time to time the Company selectively invests some of its cash in short-term investments in auction rate securities. Auction rate securities are variable rate bonds tied to short-term interest rates that generally have long-term stated maturities of 20 to 30 years. However, these securities have certain economic characteristics of short-term investments due to an interest rate reset mechanism and the availability to liquidate the securities through a Dutch auction process that occurs on pre-determined intervals of less than 90 days. As such, these investments are classified as short-term investments. The auction rate securities are classified as available-for-sale securities due to management’s intent to hold these securities for short periods of time. The Company had no short-term investments as of December 31, 2006 or December 31, 2005.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The determination of the allowance for doubtful accounts is based on estimation of the amount of accounts receivable that the Company believes are unlikely to be collected. Estimating this amount requires analysis of the financial strength of the Company’s customers, the use of historical experience, the Company’s accounts

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

receivable aged trial balance, and specific collectibility analysis. The allowance for doubtful accounts is reviewed quarterly. Past due balances over 90 days and high risk accounts as determined by the analysis of financial strength of customers are reviewed individually for collectibility.

Inventories

Inventories primarily include product, material and supplies. Inventories are stated at lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) or average method.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Cost includes expenditures for improvements and betterments that extend the useful lives of the assets and interest capitalized on significant capital projects. Capitalized interest was $3,198, $2,181 and $3,593 $1,172in 2008, 2007 and $1432006,

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in 2006, 2005 and 2004, thousands, except per share data)

respectively. Repair and maintenance costs are charged to operations as incurred. SFAS No. 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations,” requires the recording of liabilities equal to the fair value of asset retirement obligations and corresponding additional asset costs. The obligations included are those for which there is a legal asset retirement obligation as a result of existing or enacted law, statute or contract. Based on the Company’s evaluation, at this time it has been determined that the Company’s assets have indeterminate lives and no significant conditional asset retirement obligations. Therefore, no material asset retirement obligations have been recorded.

Depreciation is provided by utilizing the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

 

Classification

  Years

Buildings and improvements

  25

Plant and equipment(1)equipment

  25

Ethylene pipeline

35

Other

  3-10

(1)Plant and equipment also includes our ethylene pipeline which is depreciated over 35 years.

Fair Value Estimates.

The Company develops estimates of fair value to allocate the purchase prices paid to acquire businesses to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in those acquisitions, to assess impairment of long-lived assets, goodwill and intangible assets and to record derivative instruments and certain other elected assets. Under the purchase method of accounting, the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The Company uses all available information to make these fair value determinations, including the engagement of third-party consultants. In addition, the Company records all derivative instruments and certain inventory balances associated with the Company’s trading strategy at fair value. The fair value of these items is determined by quoted market prices or from observable market-based inputs. See Note 10 for more information on the determination of fair value.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

In accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” (“SFAS 144”), the Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. Assets are considered to be impaired if the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the future undiscounted cash flows. The impairment recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or estimated fair value less costs to sell.

Impairment of Intangible Assets

In accordance with SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually. Other intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful life and reviewed for impairment in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 144. The Company acquired $36.1 millionAs of December 31, 2008, the Company’s recorded goodwill in connectionwas $29,990, all of which was associated with itsthe acquisition of the Company’s Longview facilities, (see Note 14).which is reflected in the Olefins segment. The Company had no reportedannual impairment testing for the recorded goodwill at Decemberwas performed as of October 31, 2005.2008 and did not result in an impairment.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

Restricted cash

Restricted cash, which is restricted as to withdrawal or usage, is classified separately from the cash and cash equivalents category on the Company’s balance sheet. As indicated in Note 7, the Company issued 6 3/4% senior notes, the proceeds of which, along with their accrued interest income, remain with a trustee, and are classified on the Company’s balance sheet as a non-current asset until such time as the Company submits a request for reimbursement of qualifying amounts spent for facilities in Louisiana.

Turnaround Costs

Turnaround costs are deferred at the time of the turnaround and amortized (within depreciation and amortization) on a straight-line basis until the next planned turnaround, which ranges from 3-52-6 years. Deferred turnaround costs are presented as a component of other assets, net.

Exchanges

The Company enters into inventory exchange transactions with third parties, which involve fungible commodities. These exchanges are settled in like-kind quantities and are valued at lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the FIFO method. As of December 31, 2006,2008 and 2007, the net exchange balance receivable of $7,567$9,398 and $13,825 was included in accounts receivable, net and the December 31, 2005 balance payable of $3,202 was included in accrued liabilities.net.

Income Taxes

The Company utilizes the liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes. Under the liability method, deferred tax assets or liabilities are recorded based upon temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their carrying values for financial reporting purposes. Deferred tax expense or benefit is the result of changes in the deferred tax assets and liabilities during the period. Valuation allowances are recorded against deferred tax assets when it is considered more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Foreign Currency Translation

Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated to U.S. dollars at the exchange rate as of the end of the year. Statement of operations items are translated at the average exchange rate for the year. The resulting translation adjustment is recorded as a separate component of stockholders’ equity.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentration of risk consist principally of trade receivables from customers engaged in manufacturing polyethylene products, polyvinyl chloride products and polyvinyl chloride pipe products. The Company performs periodic credit evaluations of the customers’ financial condition and generally does not require collateral. The Company maintains reservesallowances for potential losses.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when title and risk of loss passes to the customer upon delivery under executed customer purchase orders or contracts. For export contracts, the title and risk of loss passes to customers at the time specified by each contract. Provisions for discounts, rebates and returns are provided for in the same period as the related sales are recorded.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Earnings per Share

The Company applies the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board SFAS No. 128, Earnings Per Share (EPS), which requires companies to present basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share. Basic

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

earnings per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock.

Price Risk Management

The Company has adopted SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended by SFAS No. 138. SFAS No. 133 requires that the Company recognize all derivative instruments on the balance sheet at fair value, and changes in the derivative’s fair value must be currently recognized in earnings or comprehensive income, depending on the designation of the derivative. If the derivative is designated as a fair value hedge, the changes in the fair value of the derivative and of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings. If the derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the change in the fair value of the derivative is recorded in comprehensive income and is recognized in the income statement when the hedged item affects earnings. Ineffective portions of changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges are recognized in earnings currently.

The Company utilizes commodity price swaps to reduce price risks by entering into price swaps with counterparties and by purchasing or selling futures on established exchanges.exchanges, and the Company assesses counter party nonperformance risk. The Company takes both fixed and variable positions, depending upon anticipated future physical purchases and sales of these commodities. The fair value of derivative financial instruments is estimated using currentquoted market quotes from external sources.prices in active markets and observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data when active markets are not available. See Note 10 for a summary of the carrying value and fair value of derivative instruments.

During 2006, 20052008, 2007 and 2004, due to the short-term nature of the commitments and associated derivative instruments,2006, the Company did not designate any of its commodity derivative instruments as hedges under the provisions of SFAS No. 133. Consequently, gains and losses from changes in the fair value of all the commodity derivative instruments used in 2006, 20052008, 2007 and 20042006 were included in earnings. During 2006, the Company entered into a foreign currency hedge to minimize foreign exchange risk on a firm commitment.commitment, and the settlement of this hedge occurred in 2007. This hedge had no significant impact on the Company’s results of operations in 2007 or 2006.

Environmental Costs

Environmental costs relating to current operations are expensed or capitalized, as appropriate, depending on whether such costs provide future economic benefits. Remediation liabilities are recognized when the costs are considered probable and can be reasonably estimated. Measurement of liabilities is based on currently enacted laws and regulations, existing technology and undiscounted site-specific costs. Environmental liabilities in connection with properties that are sold or closed are realized upon such sale or closure, to the extent they are probable and estimable and not previously reserved. In assessing environmental liabilities, no off-set is made for potential insurance recoveries. Recognition of any joint and several liabilities is based upon the Company’s best estimate of its final pro rata share of the liability.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and accounts payable approximate their fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments. The fair value of the Company’s debt as of December 31, 20062008 differs from the carrying value due to the issuance of fixed rate senior

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

notes in 2006.2006 and 2007. See Note 10 for a summary of financial instruments where fair value differs from carrying amounts. The fair value of financial instruments is estimated using currentquoted market quotes from external sources.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollarsprices in thousands, except per share data)

active markets and observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data when active markets are not available.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Other

Amortization of debt issuance costs is computed on a basis which approximates the interest method over the term of the related debt. Certain other assets (see Note 7)6) are amortized over periods ranging from 2 to 15 years using the straight-line method.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2004,June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS 123R”), which replaces SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” (“SFAS 123”) and supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees.” SFAS 123R requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the financial statements based on their fair values beginning with the first interim or annual period after June 15, 2005, with early adoption encouraged. In April 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission postponed the effective date of SFAS 123R until the issuer’s first fiscal year beginning after June 15, 2005. As discussed in Note 2, effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS 123R using the modified prospective transition method and therefore has not restated results of prior periods.

In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections” (“SFAS 154”). SFAS 154 replaces APB Opinion No. 20 “Accounting Changes” and SFAS No. 3, “Reporting Accounting Changes in Interim Financial Statements—An Amendment of APB Opinion No. 28.” SFAS 154 provides guidance on the accounting and reporting of accounting changes and error corrections. It establishes retrospective application as the required method of reporting a change in accounting principle and the reporting of an error in most instances. SFAS 154 was effective for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005 and has had no impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position.

EITF Issue No. 04-13 “Accounting for Purchases and Sales of Inventory with the Same Counterparty,” (“EITF Issue No. 04-13”) was ratified in September 2005 and requires “buy/sell” contractual arrangements entered into after March 15, 2006, or modifications or renewals of existing arrangements after that date, to be reported on a net basis in the results of operations and accounted for as non-monetary transactions. EITF Issue No. 04-13 has not had a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial position.

In November 2005, the FASB issued FSP FAS 115-1, “The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments” (“FSP 115-1”), which provides guidance on determining when investments in certain debt and equity securities are considered impaired, whether that impairment is other-than-temporary, and on measuring such impairment loss. FSP 115-1 also includes accounting considerations subsequent to the recognition of an other-than-temporary impairment and requires certain disclosures about unrealized losses that have not been recognized as other-than-temporary impairments. FSP 115-1 is required to be applied to reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2005 and was adopted in 2006. The adoption of FSP 115-1 has had no impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial position.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

In June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”) to create a single model to address accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold that a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The Company will adoptadopted FIN 48 as of January 1, 2007, as required. The cumulative effect of adopting FIN 48 will be recordedCompany recognized no adjustments in retained earnings. The Company does not expectthe liability for unrecognized income tax benefits upon the adoption of FIN 4848. See Note 11 to have a significant impact on the Company’sconsolidated financial position and results of operations.statements for more detail.

In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting StandardsStandard (“SFAS”) No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosure about fair value measurements. The Company adopted SFAS 157 as of January 1, 2008, with the exception of the application of the statement to nonrecurring, nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities. Nonrecurring, nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities for which the Company has not applied the provisions of SFAS 157 include those measured at fair value in goodwill impairment testing, indefinite lived intangible assets measured at fair value for impairment testing, asset retirement obligations initially measured at fair value, and those initially measured at fair value in a business combination. The adoption of SFAS 157 has not had a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. In addition, the adoption of this statement with respect to nonrecurring, nonfinancial assets and liabilities in the future is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Relative to SFAS 157, the FASB issued FASB Staff Positions (“FSP”) 157-1 and 157-2. FSP 157-1 amends SFAS 157 to exclude SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for Leases”, and its related interpretive accounting pronouncements that address leasing transactions, while FSP 157-2 delays the effective for financial statements issued fordate of the application of SFAS 157 to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is currently evaluating2008 for all nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the effect that the adoption of SFAS 157 will have, if any,financial statements on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and related disclosures.a nonrecurring basis, as discussed above.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

In September 2006, the FASB also issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans” (“SFAS 158”). SFAS 158 requires an enterprise to recognize in its statement of financial position an asset for a defined benefit postretirement plan’s overfunded status or a liability for a defined benefit postretirement plan’s underfunded status. In addition, each entity must recognize changes in the funded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan in comprehensive income in the year in which the changes occur. This statement is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2006, and the Company has adopted this standard for its annual financial statements for 2006. See Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements for a disclosure of thestatements. The impact of the adoption of this statement on the Company’s consolidated financial position.in 2006 was a reduction in stockholders’ equity of $9,952.

Also in September 2006, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. AUG AIR-1, “Accounting for Planned Major Maintenance Activities” (“FSP No. AUG AIR-1”). FSP No. AUG AIR-1 prohibits the use of the accrue-in-advance method of accounting for planned major maintenance turnarounds because it causes the recognition of a liability in a period prior to the occurrence of the transaction or obligation. The Company accounts for its turnarounds utilizing the deferral method of accounting, so FSP No. AUG AIR-1 does not impact the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial position.

The Securities and Exchange Commission released Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 108 in September 2006. This bulletin provides guidance regarding the methodology of quantifying the dollar amounts of errors in determining the materiality of those errors. These methods are required to be implemented for annual financial statements covering the first fiscal year ending after November 15, 2006 and had no impact on the Company’s 2006 annual consolidated financial statements.

2. Stock-Based Compensation

TheIn February 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Directors of the Company adopted,Financial Accounting Standard No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and the stockholders approved, the Westlake Chemical Corporation 2004 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2004 Plan”Financial Liabilities” (“SFAS 159”). UnderSFAS 159 allows entities the 2004 Plan, all employeesoption to measure eligible financial instruments at fair value as of the Company, as well as certain individuals who have agreed to become the Company’s employees, are eligible for awards. Shares of common stock may be issued as authorized in the 2004 Plan. At the discretion of the administrator of the 2004 Plan, employees and non-employee directors may be granted awards in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards or cash awards (any ofspecified dates. Such election, which may be applied on an instrument by instrument basis, is typically irrevocable once elected. SFAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. Although we have made such election with respect to some inventory related to trading activity, it has not had a performance award)significant impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141R”), which replaces SFAS 141, “Business Combinations.” SFAS 141R retains the fundamental requirements in Statement 141 that the purchase method of accounting be used for all business combinations. This statement further establishes principals and requirements for how the acquiring entity recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, including goodwill, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree. SFAS 141R also determines what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. SFAS 141R applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008, and the Company cannot estimate any impact this statement may have on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial position as any potential business combinations after the implementation date are unknown.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of ARB No. 51” (“SFAS 160”). Current stock option programsSFAS 160 addresses the accounting and reporting for entities that consolidate a noncontrolling interest, sometimes called a minority interest. SFAS 160 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, but is not expected to have a ten year term and vest annuallyany impact on a pro rata basis over 3-5 years.the Company’s consolidated financial statements as the Company does not currently consolidate any noncontrolling interest entities.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

Current restricted stock programs primarily have a three year vesting period. The total recognized compensation expenseIn March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities—an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133” (“SFAS 161”). This statement does not change the accounting for derivatives but will require enhanced disclosures about derivative strategies and accounting practices. SFAS 161 requires greater transparency related to the 2004 Plan was $1,731, $498 and $1,920 during 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The realized excess tax benefit from exercised options during 2006 was $370.

Prior to January 1, 2006,reasons the Company uses derivative instruments, how derivative instruments are accounted for its stock-based compensation plan in accordance with Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 25, “Accountingand how they affect the Company’s financial position and consolidated results of operations. SFAS 161 is effective for Stock Issued to Employees” (“APB 25”),fiscal years beginning after January 15, 2008, and complied with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” (“SFAS 123”), for disclosure purposes. Under these provisions, no compensation expense was recognized for stock options because the exercise price for all options was equal to the market price at the grant date, and any compensation expense resulting from restricted stock was recognized ratably over the associated vesting term. The Company provided pro forma disclosure amounts in accordance with SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation—Transition and Disclosure,” as if the fair value method defined by SFAS 123 had been applied to its stock options.

Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adoptedwill comply with any necessary disclosure requirements beginning with its 2009 interim financial statements.

2. (Loss) Earnings per Share

The following table reconciles the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS 123R”), using the modified prospective transition method and therefore has not restated results of prior periods. Under this transition method, stock-based compensation expensedenominator for the year ended December 31, 2006 includes compensation expense of all stock-based compensation awards granted prior to, but not yet vested, as of January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimatedbasic and diluted (loss) earnings per share computations shown in accordance with the original provision of SFAS 123. Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards granted after January 1, 2006 is based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R. The Company recognizes these compensation costs net of a forfeiture rate and recognizes the compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award for only those shares expected to vest. In March 2005, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (“SAB 107”) regarding the SEC’s interpretation of SFAS 123R and the valuation of share-based payments for public companies.

Upon adoption of SFAS 123R on January 1, 2006, amounts previously recorded in stockholders’ equity under APB 25 at December 31, 2005 related to unearned compensation for restricted stock awards have been reversed against paid-in capital and will be expensed over the vesting period in accordance with SFAS 123R. As a result of adopting SFAS 123R, the impact to the consolidated statementstatements of operationsoperations:

   2008  2007  2006

Weighted average common shares—basic

  65,273  65,235  65,134

Plus incremental shares from assumed conversion:

      

Options

  26  79  107

Restricted stock

  18  10  14
         

Weighted average common shares—diluted

  65,317  65,324  65,255
         

There are no adjustments to “Net (loss) income” for 2006 on income before income taxes and net income was a decrease of $1,127 and $751, respectively, from the amount that would have been reported if the Company had continued to account for stock-based compensation under APB 25. The impact on both basic and diluted earnings per share forcomputations.

3. Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consist of the year was $0.01 per share.

The pro forma table below reflects net income and basic and diluted earnings per share for 2005 and 2004, had the Company applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123:following at December 31:

 

   2005  2004 

Net income, as reported

  $226,817  $120,722 

Pro forma stock option compensation expense

   (1,573)  (655)

Provision for income taxes on pro forma stock option expense

   540   240 
         

Pro forma net income

  $225,784  $120,307 
         

Basic and diluted earnings per share

   

As reported:

   

Basic

  $3.49  $2.19 

Diluted

  $3.48  $2.18 

Pro forma:

   

Basic

  $3.47  $2.18 

Diluted

  $3.46  $2.17 
   2008  2007 

Trade customers

  $293,318  $498,073 

Affiliates

   1,226   1,365 

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   (14,438)  (3,546)
         
   280,106   495,892 

Federal and state taxes

   54,886   7,932 

Other

   12,331   3,639 
         

Accounts receivable, net

  $347,323  $507,463 
         

4. Inventories

Inventories consist of the following at December 31:

   2008  2007 

Finished products

  $173,982  $332,882 

Feedstock, additives, and chemicals

   119,881   164,832 

Materials and supplies

   42,415   38,058 
         
   336,278   535,772 

Allowance for inventory obsolescence

   (8,311)  (7,901)
         

Inventories, net

  $327,967  $527,871 
         

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

Option activity and changes during 2006 were as follows:

   Options  Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
  Weighted
Average
Remaining
Term
(Years)
  Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

Outstanding at December 31, 2005

  438,763  $16.88    

Granted

  57,958   35.22    

Exercised

  (124,253)  14.90    

Cancelled

  (16,184)  16.45    
         

Outstanding at December 31, 2006

  356,284   20.57  8.1  $4,080
         

Exercisable at December 31, 2006

  103,280   16.48  7.8   1,539
         

For options outstanding atAt December 31, 2006,2008, the options had the following rangeCompany elected to measure $9,917 of exercise prices:

Range of Prices

  Options Outstanding  Weighted Average
Remaining Contractual
Life (Years)

$14.50

  221,860  7.6

$25.42 – $36.10

  134,424  8.9

feedstock inventory at fair value pursuant to SFAS 159 as this inventory is being held as part of a trading strategy to reduce feedstock price volatility risk. The aggregate intrinsicfair value is determined using market-based pricing for this commodity. The consolidated statement of operations for 2008 reflects a loss of $1,966 from changes in the table above representsfair value of this inventory in cost of sales and the total pretax intrinsic value (the difference betweennet effect on the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of 2006 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on December 31, 2006. This amount changes based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock. Total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2006 and 2005deferred tax liability was $2,046 and $1,310, respectively.

As of December 31, 2006, $1,222 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.5 years.

The Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value its options. The table below presents the weighted average value and assumptions used in determining each option’s fair value. Volatility was calculated using historical trends of the Company’s common stock price.

   2006 Options  2005 Options  2004 Options 

Weighted average fair value

  $14.87  $12.81  $6.52 

Risk-free interest rate

   4.8%  4.3%  4.0%

Expected life in years

   6 – 7   8   10 

Expected volatility

   34.0%  36.5%  28.1%

Expected dividend yield

   0.3%  0.4%  0.6%

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Non-vested restricted stock awards as of December 31, 2006 and changes during 2006 were as follows:

   

Number of

Shares

  

Weighted

Average

Grant Date

Fair Value

Non-vested at December 31, 2005

  42,129  $27.22

Granted

  25,876   34.90

Forfeited

  (496)  27.22

Vested

  (13,581)  27.16
     

Non-vested at December 31, 2006

  53,928   30.85
     

As of December 31, 2006, there was $1,211 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock awards. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years.

3. Earnings per Share

The following table reconciles the denominator for the basic and diluted earnings per share computations shown in the consolidated statements of operations:

   2006  2005  2004

Weighted average common shares—basic

  65,134  65,008  55,231

Plus incremental shares from assumed conversion:

      

Options

  107  221  67

Restricted stock

  14  22  57
         

Weighted average common shares—diluted

  65,255  65,251  55,355
         

There are no adjustments to “Net income” for the diluted earnings per share computations.

4. Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consist of the following at December 31:

   2006  2005 

Accounts receivable—trade

  $294,564  $301,091 

Accounts receivable—affiliates

   1,252   845 

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   (3,287)  (3,460)
         
   292,529   298,476 

Accounts receivable—other

   16,374   4,303 
         

Accounts receivable, net

  $308,903  $302,779 
         

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

$730.

5. Inventories

Inventories consist of the following at December 31:

   2006  2005 

Finished products

  $290,048  $186,241 

Feedstock, additives, and chemicals

   137,669   133,949 

Material and supplies

   36,499   27,790 
         
   464,216   347,980 

Allowance for inventory obsolescence

   (7,940)  (8,110)
         

Inventory, net

  $456,276  $339,870 
         

6. Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consist of the following at December 31:

 

  2006 2005   2008 2007 

Land

  $11,909  $12,217   $12,358  $12,358 

Building and improvements

   91,665   81,685    109,544   100,847 

Plant and equipment

   1,542,713   1,364,715    1,800,178   1,674,141 

Other

   76,881   85,686    97,291   89,053 
              
   1,723,168   1,544,303    2,019,371   1,876,399 

Less: Accumulated depreciation

   (786,574)  (741,254)   (927,910)  (866,481)
              
   936,594   803,049    1,091,461   1,009,918 

Construction in progress

   140,309   60,183    105,991   116,294 
              

Property, plant and equipment, net

  $1,076,903  $863,232   $1,197,452  $1,126,212 
              

Depreciation expense on property, plant and equipment of $74,879, $69,130$93,137, $85,421, and $68,028$74,879 is included in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations in 2006, 20052008, 2007 and 2004,2006, respectively.

During 2006,6. Other Assets

Other assets consist of the Company acquired the property, plantfollowing:

  2008 2007 Weighted
Average Life
  Cost Accumulated
Amortization
  Net Cost Accumulated
Amortization
  Net 

Intangible Assets:

       

Technology licenses

 $44,533 $(34,507) $10,026 $43,487 $(31,940) $11,547 14

Patents

  6,503  (1,355)  5,148  6,503  (704)  5,799 10

Customer relationships

  17,649  (2,828)  14,821  17,649  (1,471)  16,178 13

Goodwill

  29,990  —     29,990  29,990 ��—     29,990 

Other

  1,161  —     1,161  1,161  —     1,161 
                     

Total intangible assets

  99,836  (38,690)  61,146  98,790  (34,115)  64,675 

Note receivable from affiliate

  5,529  —     5,529  5,529  —     5,529 

Turnaround costs

  73,001  (29,383)  43,618  56,527  (18,157)  38,370 5

Debt issuance cost

  12,967  (4,262)  8,705  10,332  (3,308)  7,024 9

Other, net

  12,046  (5,035)  7,011  10,860  (4,456)  6,404 2
                     

Total other assets

 $203,379 $(77,370) $126,009 $182,038 $(60,036) $122,002 
                     

Amortization expense on other assets of $19,743, $18,853 and equipment at the Longview facilities as discussed in Note 14. These assets are$12,233 is included in property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2006.

During 2004, the Company recognized impairments of plant and equipment amounting to $1,830. The impairments have been reflected in the consolidated statementsstatement of operations. The impairments represented the amount necessary to adjust the carrying value of certain plantoperations in 2008, 2007 and equipment to its net realizable value. In 2004, the Company recognized a $1,314 impairment charge in the Vinyls segment related to a polyvinyl chloride plant that was not in service and was written down to its estimated fair market value less commission as determined by third party valuation. Also in 2004, the Company recognized a $516 impairment charge relating to an adjustment to fair market value of certain Olefins segment assets.

In 2004, insurance recoveries related to casualty losses at the Company’s Olefins and Vinyls facilities amounted $2,785. These insurance recoveries net of related property costs have been recorded in other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations.2006, respectively.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

7. Other Assets

Other assets consist of the following:

  2006 2005  
  Cost Accumulated
Amortization
  Net Cost Accumulated
Amortization
  Net Weighted
Average Life

Intangible Assets:

       

Technology licenses

 $43,487 $(29,506) $13,981 $42,932 $(27,090) $15,842 14

Patents

  6,503  (69)  6,434  —    —     —   10

Customer relationships

  17,649  (147)  17,502  —    —     —   13

Goodwill

  36,098  —     36,098  —    —     —   

Other

  1,161  (104)  1,057  1,220  —     1,220 
                     

Total intangible assets

  104,898  (29,826)  75,072  44,152  (27,090)  17,062 

Note receivable from affiliate

  5,529  —     5,529  5,529  —     5,529 

Turnaround costs

  47,691  (12,099)  35,592  21,531  (14,141)  7,390 5

Debt issuance cost

  7,388  (2,548)  4,840  8,484  (3,500)  4,984 9

Other, net

  12,323  (4,330)  7,993  12,491  (6,404)  6,087 2
                     

Total other assets

 $177,829 $(48,803) $129,026 $92,187 $(51,135) $41,052 
                     

Amortization expense on other assets of $12,233, $13,567 and $15,144 is included in the consolidated statement of operations in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

Scheduled amortization of intangible assets for the next five years is as follows: $4,474, $4,474, $4,474, $4,431$4,637, $4,595, $4,092, $2,648 and $4,401$2,643 in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2011,2013, respectively.

8.7. Debt

IndebtednessLong-term debt consists of the following at December 31:

 

   2006  2005 

6 5/8% senior notes due in 2016

  $249,267  $—   

8 3/4% senior notes due in 2011

   —     247,000 

Term loan

   —     9,000 

Loan related to tax-exempt revenue bond

   10,889   10,889 
         
  $260,156  $266,889 

Less: Current portion of long-term debt

   —     (1,200)
         
  $260,156  $265,689 
         
  2008 2007

6 5/8% senior notes due 2016

 $249,430 $249,348

Revolving line of credit due 2013

  —    1,177

6 3/4% senior notes due 2032

  250,000  250,000

Loan related to tax-exempt waste disposal revenue bond due 2027

  10,889  10,889
      
 $510,319 $511,414
      

On January 6, 2006,September 8, 2008, the Company amended its senior secured revolving credit facility to, among other things, increase the lenders’ commitments under the facility from $300,000 to $400,000. On February 5, 2009, the Company further amended the revolving credit facility to allow the Company to make specified distributions when the fixed charge coverage ratio falls below 1.0 but the Company maintains at least $125 million to $200 million (depending on the amount of distributions) of borrowing availability, including cash, under the credit facility. At December 31, 2008, the Company had no borrowings under the revolving credit facility. Subsequent to the latest amendment, any borrowings under the facility would bear interest at either LIBOR plus 3.00% or the prime rate plus 1.50%. The revolving credit facility also requires an unused commitment fee ranging from $200,0000.75% to $300,0000.875%, depending on the average daily borrowings. All interest rates under the facility are subject to quarterly grid pricing adjustments based on average daily loan availability. The revolving credit facility matures on September 8, 2013. At December 31, 2008, the Company had outstanding letters of credit under the revolving credit facility totaling $14,172 and generally reduceloan availability of $257,925 under the facility.

On December 13, 2007, the Louisiana Local Government Environmental Facilities and Community Development Authority (the “Authority”) issued $250,000 of 6 3/4% tax-exempt revenue bonds due November 1, 2032 under the Gulf Opportunity Zone Act of 2005. The bonds are non-callable through November 1, 2017. The bonds are subject to redemption and the holders may require the bonds to be repurchased upon a change of control or a change in or loss of the current tax status. In connection with the issuance of the bonds, the Company entered into a loan agreement with the Authority pursuant to which the Company agreed to pay all of the principal, premium, if any, and interest payable. Afteron the bonds and certain other amounts to the Authority. The proceeds from the bond offering were loaned by the Authority to the Company. The Company intends to use the proceeds to expand, refurbish and maintain certain of the Company’s facilities in the Louisiana Parishes of Calcasieu and Ascension. To evidence and secure the Company’s obligations under the loan agreement, the Company entered into a second supplemental indenture, by and among the Company, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, and issued $250,000 aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 6 3/4% senior notes due 2032 to be held by the trustee pursuant to the terms and provisions of the loan agreement. The 6 3/4% senior notes are unsecured and rank equally in right of payment with other existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness. All domestic restricted subsidiaries that guarantee other debt of the Company or of another guarantor of the senior notes in excess of $5,000 are guarantors of the senior notes. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had drawn $116,372 of bond proceeds. The balance of the proceeds, principal plus current and accrued interest income, remains with a trustee, and is classified on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as a non-current asset, restricted cash, until such time as the Company requests reimbursement of amounts used to expand, refurbish and maintain the Company’s facilities in Calcasieu and Ascension Parishes.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

amendment, as of January 6, 2006, the revolving credit facility bore interest at either LIBOR plus 1.00% or prime rate minus 0.50%, and a 0.25% unused line fee, all of which are subject to quarterly grid pricing adjustments based on a fixed charge coverage ratio. The maturity of the facility was extended to January 6, 2011.

On January 13, 2006, the Company issued $250,000 of 6 5/8% aggregate principal amount of senior notes due 2016, the proceeds of which, together with cash on hand, were used to redeem the Company’s 8 3/4% senior notes due 2011 and repay the Company’s term loan as follows:

On January 18, 2006, the Company repaid the entire $9,000 outstanding under our term loan, plus accrued but unpaid interest.

On two redemption dates, February 8, 2006 and February 13, 2006, the Company redeemed the entire $247,000 principal amount outstanding of the 8 3/4% senior notes due 2011, and paid a pre-payment premium of $22,230, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

As a result of the early redemption of the 8 3/4% senior notes due 2011 and the repayment of the term loan, the Company recognized $25,853 in non-operating expense in the first quarter of 2006 consisting of a pre-payment premium on the 8 3/4% senior notes of $22,230 and a write-off of $3,623 in previously capitalized debt issuance cost.

2016. The 6 5/8% senior notes are unsecured and were issued with an original issue discount of $815. There is no sinking fund and no scheduled amortization of the notes prior to maturity. The notes are subject to redemption and the holders may require the Company to repurchase the notes upon a change of control. All domestic restricted subsidiaries that guarantee other debt of the Company or of another guarantor of the senior notes in excess of $5,000 are guarantors of the notes.

The agreements governing the 6 5/8% and the 6 3/4% senior notes (together the “senior notes”) and the revolving credit facility each contain customary covenants and events of default. Accordingly, these agreements impose significant operating and financial restrictions on the Company. These restrictions, among other things, provide limitations on incurrence of additional indebtedness, the payment of dividends, certain investments and acquisitions and sales of assets. One such restriction currently restricts the Company from incurring additional debt, except specified permitted debt (including borrowings under the Company’s credit facility), because the Company’s fixed charge coverage ratio fell below 2.0 at December 31, 2008. These limitations are subject to a number of important qualifications and exceptions, including, without limitation, an exception for the payment of the Company’s regular quarterly dividend of up to $0.20 per share (currently $0.04$0.0525 per share). The 6 5/8% senior notes indenture does not allow distributions, unless, after giving pro forma effect to the distribution, the Company’s fixed charge coverage ratio is at least 2.0 and such payment, together with the aggregate amount of all other distributions after January 13, 2006, is less than the sum of 50% of the Company’s consolidated net income for the period from October 1, 2003 to the end of the most recent quarter for which financial statements have been filed, plus 100% of net cash proceeds received after October 1, 2003 as a contribution to the Company’s common equity capital or from the issuance or sale of certain securities, plus several other adjustments. The amount allowed under this restriction was $436,145would have been $451,634 at December 31, 2006.2008; however, because the Company’s fixed charge coverage ratio was below 2.0, the actual amount allowed was restricted to the payment of the Company’s regular quarterly dividend of up to $0.20 per share. The revolving credit facility also restricts dividend paymentsdistributions unless, after giving effect to such payment, the availability equals or exceeds $60,000. Neitherfixed charge coverage ratio is at least 1.0, provided that the Company may also make specified distributions when the fixed charge coverage ratio falls below 1.0 but the Company maintains at least between $125 million to $200 million (depending on the amount of the distributions) of borrowing availability, including cash, under the credit facility. No other agreements requiresrequire the Company to maintain specified financial ratios, except that the revolving credit facility requires the Company to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.0 to 1.0 when availability falls below $60,000.ratios. In addition, the 6 5/8% senior notes indenture and the revolving credit facility restrict the Company’s ability of the Company to create liens, to engage in certain affiliate transactions and to engage in sale-leaseback transactions.

On August 16, 2004 the Company completed an IPO. Net proceeds from the IPO were $181,167. The Company used the proceeds from the IPO along with available cash on hand to redeem $133,000 aggregate principal amount of its 8 3/4% senior notes due July 15, 2011, to repay $28,000 of its senior secured term loan

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

maturing in July 2010 and to repay in full a $27,000 bank loan. As a result of the early payment on the 8 3/4% senior notes, the Company recognized $14,685 in non-operating expense in the third quarter of 2004 consisting of a pre-payment premium on the notes of $11,637 and a write-off of $3,047 in previously capitalized debt issuance cost. In addition, in the fourth quarter of 2004, the Company repaid an additional $50,000 of its senior term loan and incurred an additional $1,106 of non-operating expense related to the write-off of previously capitalized debt issuance costs.

The 8 3/4% senior notes were unsecured. All domestic restricted subsidiaries were guarantors of the senior notes. In the first quarter of 2006, these notes were repaid.

At inception, the term loan bore interest at either the Eurodollar Rate plus 3.75% or prime rate plus 2.75%. Quarterly principal payments of $300 were due on the term loan beginning on September 30, 2003, with the balance due in four equal quarterly installments in the seventh year of the loan. The Company used the proceeds from the IPO to prepay $28,000 of the term loan in August 2004, which prepayment was applied to and reduced the final installment of the term loan. As described above, all amounts outstanding under the term loan were repaid in the first quarter of 2006.

At December 31, 2006, the Company had outstanding letters of credit under the revolving credit facility totaling $13,598 and available borrowing capacity of $286,402.

In December 1997, the Company entered into a loan agreement with a public trust established for public purposes for the benefit of the Parish of Calcasieu, Louisiana. The public trust issued $10,889 inprincipal amount of tax-exempt waste disposal revenue bonds (revenue bonds) in order to finance the Company’s construction of waste disposal facilities for its newan ethylene plant. The revenue bonds expire in December 2027 and are subject to redemption and mandatory tender for purchase prior to maturity under certain conditions. Interest on the revenue bonds accrues at a rate determined by a remarketing agent and is payable quarterly. The interest rate on the revenue bonds at December 31, 20062008 and 20052007 was 4.02%1.08% and 3.65%3.69%, respectively. In conjunction with the loan agreement, the Company entered into a letter of credit reimbursement agreement and obtained a letter of credit from a bank in the amount of $11,268. The letter of credit, as amended, will expire in July 2008.

The weighted average interest rate on the borrowingsall long-term debt was 6.6% at both December 31, 20062008 and 2005 was 6.5% and 8.5%, respectively.2007.

As a result of the refinancing in January 2006, thereThere are no maturities of long-term debt until 2016.2016, except for maturities of borrowings under the revolving credit facility.

9.8. Stockholders’ Equity

In the third quarter of 2004, the Company completed an initial public offering of its common stock. The net proceeds from the stock offering of $181,167, after deducting underwriting fees and offering expenses, together with cash on hand, were used to pay debt.

Since November 11, 2004, the Company’s board of directors has declared a regular quarterly dividend to holders of its common stock aggregating approximately $13,456, $11,778 and $8,802 $6,342in 2008, 2007 and $1,3792006, respectively.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.thousands, except per share data)

Common Stock

Each share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters on which holders are permitted to vote, including the election of directors. There are no cumulative voting rights. Accordingly, holders of a

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

majority of the total votes entitled to vote in an election of directors will be able to elect all of the directors standing for election. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding preferred stock, the holders of the common stock will share equally on a per share basis any dividends when, as and if declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available for that purpose. If the Company is liquidated, dissolved or wound up, the holders of the Company’s common stock will be entitled to a ratable share of any distribution to stockholders, after satisfaction of all the Company’s liabilities and of the prior rights of any outstanding class of the Company’s preferred stock. The Company’s common stock has no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the Company’s common stock.

Preferred Stock

The Company’s charter authorizes the issuance of shares of preferred stock. The Company’s board of directors has the authority, without shareholder approval, to issue preferred shares from time to time in one or more series, and to fix the number of shares and terms of each such series. The board may determine the designations and other terms of each series including dividend rates, whether dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative, redemption rights, liquidation rights, sinking fund provisions, conversion or exchange rights and voting rights.

9. Stock-Based Compensation

Under the Westlake Chemical Corporation 2004 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2004 Plan”), all employees and nonemployee directors of the Company, as well as certain individuals who have agreed to become the Company’s employees, are eligible for awards. Shares of common stock may be issued as authorized in the 2004 Plan. At the discretion of the administrator of the 2004 Plan, employees and non-employee directors may be granted awards in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards or cash awards (any of which may be a performance award). Outstanding stock option awards have a ten year term and vest either (1) ratably on an annual basis over a three to five year period or (2) in one-half increments on the five year and nine and one-half year anniversaries of the award date. Current outstanding restricted stock awards also vest either (1) ratably on an annual basis over a three or five year period, (2) at the end of a three year period or (3) in one-half increments on the five year and nine and one-half year anniversaries of the award date. The total recognized compensation expense related to the 2004 Plan was $4,178, $2,873 and $1,731 during 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS 123R”), using the modified prospective transition method. Under this transition method, stock-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2006 includes compensation expense of all stock-based compensation awards granted prior to, but not yet vested, as of January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provision of SFAS 123. Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards granted after January 1, 2006 is based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R. The Company recognizes these compensation costs net of a forfeiture rate and recognizes the compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award for only those shares expected to vest.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Option activity and changes during 2008 were as follows:

   Options  Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
  Weighted
Average
Remaining
Term
(Years)
  Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

Outstanding at December 31, 2007

  677,243  $26.43    

Granted

  259,021   19.40    

Exercised

  (14,899)  14.50    

Cancelled

  (11,036)  18.53    
         

Outstanding at December 31, 2008

  910,329   24.72  7.8  $308
         

Exercisable at December 31, 2008

  279,965   20.56  6.2   308
         

For options outstanding at December 31, 2008, the options had the following range of exercise prices:

Range of Prices

  Options Outstanding  Weighted Average
Remaining Contractual
Life (Years)

$14.50 – $20.83

  431,226  7.8

$25.42 – $36.10

  479,103  7.8

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pretax intrinsic value (the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of 2008 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on December 31, 2008. This amount changes based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock. Total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $98, $290 and $2,046, respectively.

As of December 31, 2008, $4,446 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.0 years.

The Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value its options. The table below presents the weighted average value and assumptions used in determining each option’s fair value. Volatility was calculated using historical trends of the Company’s common stock price.

   2008 Options  2007 Options  2006 Options 

Weighted average fair value

  $7.52  $14.15  $14.87 

Risk-free interest rate

   5.0%  4.5%  4.8%

Expected life in years

   6 – 7   6 – 10   6 – 7 

Expected volatility

   35.0%  33.2%  34.0%

Expected dividend yield

   1.0%  0.5%  0.3%

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Non-vested restricted stock awards as of December 31, 2008 and changes during 2008 were as follows:

   Number of
Shares
  Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value

Non-vested at December 31, 2007

  228,761  $31.45

Granted

  158,311   19.32

Forfeited

  (2,187)  25.00

Vested

  (21,453)  29.98
     

Non-vested at December 31, 2008

  363,432   26.32
     

As of December 31, 2008, there was $5,566 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock awards. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.8 years. The total fair value of shares vested during 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $376, $592 and $407, respectively.

10. Derivative Commodity Instruments and Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company uses derivative instruments, in conjunction with certain physical commodity positions, to reduce price volatility risk on commodities, primarily natural gas and ethane, from time to time. Usually, such derivatives are for terms of less than one year. In 2006, 20052008, 2007 and 2004,2006, due to the short-term nature of the commitments and associated derivative instruments, the Company did not designate any of its commodity derivative instruments as hedges under the provisions of SFAS 133. As such, gains and losses from changes in the fair value of all the derivative instruments used in 2006, 20052008, 2007 and 20042006 were included in earnings. However,During 2006, the Company did enterentered into a foreign currency hedge in June 2006 which is designated as a fair value hedge againstto minimize foreign currency risk on a firm purchase commitment. There iscommitment, and the settlement of this hedge occurred in 2007. This hedge had no significant earnings impact fromon the foreign currency hedge as it is approximately 100% effective.Company’s results of operations in 2007 or 2006.

The exposure on commodity derivatives used for price risk management includes the risk that the counterparty will not pay if the market declines below the established fixed price. In such case, the Company would lose the benefit of the derivative differential on the volume of the commodities covered. In any case, the Company would continue to receive the market price on the actual volume hedged. The Company also bears the risk that it could lose the benefit of market improvements over the fixed derivative price for the term and volume of the derivative securities (as such improvements would accrue to the benefit of the counterparty).

The Company had a net gainloss of $18,643$9,386 in connection with trading activity for the year ended December 31, 20062008 compared to a net loss of $3,818 ($1,871$1,022 and a net gain of which is recorded in cost of sales and $1,947 of which is recorded in other income, net, as explained below) and $3,750$18,643 for the years ended December 31, 20052007 and 2004,2006, respectively. All of the 2008 net loss was related to derivative losses. Of the 2007 net loss, $7,710 related to derivative losses, partially offset by $6,688 in gains on the sale of related physical feedstock positions. Of the 2006 net gain, $13,842 related to derivative gains and $4,801 related to sales of related physical feedstock positions. Of the 2005 net loss, $29,755 related to derivative losses, offset by $27,884 in gains on the sale of related physical feedstock positions. The 2006 net gainGains and the resulting losslosses in 2005 of $1,871connection with trading activity are recordedincluded in cost of sales due to the relationshipsales. The fair value of the derivatives to the physical feedstock positions sold. The remaining 2005 loss of $1,947 is classified in other income, net. Derivative trading activity accounted for all of the 2004 net loss, which is classified in other income, net. Risk management asset balances of $5,721 and $-0- were included in “Accounts receivable, net” and risk management liability balances of $1,211$5,327 and $31,891$6,415 were included in current liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 20062008 and December 31, 2005,2007, respectively. The risk management liabilities at December 31, 2005 were settledUnder SFAS 157, inputs used to measure fair value are classified in early 2006.one of three levels:

Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

AtThe following table summarizes the classification of inventory held as part of a trading strategy and net trading liabilities by fair value measurement level at December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the fair value of the natural gas and crude oil futures and other forward contracts were obtained from quotable market prices. 2008:

   Level 1  Level 2  Total 

Inventory (See Note 4)

  $—    $9,917  $9,917 

Net risk management liabilities

  $(6,002) $675  $(5,327)

The fair and carrying value of the Company’s derivative commodity instruments and financial instruments as of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 is summarized below:

 

  2006  2005   2008 2007 
  Carrying
Value
  

Fair

Value

  Carrying
Value
 

Fair

Value

   Carrying
Value
 Fair
Value
 Carrying
Value
 Fair
Value
 

Commodity Instruments:

            

Natural gas futures contracts

  $2,849  $2,849  $(31,891) $(31,891)  $1,346  $1,346  $1,244  $1,244 

Crude oil futures contracts

   1,475   1,475   0   0    (7,348)  (7,348)  (7,349)  (7,349)

Other forward/futures contracts

   3,027   3,103   0   0    675   675   (310)  (310)

Financial Instruments:

            

8 3/4% senior notes due 2011

  $0  $0  $247,000  $265,525 

6 3/4% senior notes due 2032

  $250,000  $136,325  $250,000  $248,750 

6 5/8% senior notes due 2016

   249,267   243,035   0   0    249,430   137,500   249,348   237,188 

11. Income Taxes

The componentsCompany adopted the provisions of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007. The Company recognized no adjustments upon adoption in the liability for unrecognized income before taxes for the years endedtax benefits.

The gross unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31 are as follows:

 

   2006  2005  2004

Domestic

  $277,521  $344,515  $186,372

Foreign

   5,028   813   4,290
            
  $282,549  $345,328  $190,662
            
   2008  2007 

Beginning balance

  $9,472  $9,637 

Additions based on tax position related to current year

   —     300 

Reductions due to tax settlements

   (2,198)  —   

Reductions due to statutes of limitations expiring

   (2,220)  (465)
         

Ending balance

  $5,054  $9,472 
         

Management anticipates reductions to the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits of an additional $1,570 within the next twelve months due to expiring statutes of limitations.

The Company’sCompany recognizes penalties and interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax provisionexpense. As of January 1, 2008, the Company had approximately $3,289 of accrued gross interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The Company increased the accrued interest and penalties by approximately $762 during 2008. There was also a reduction in interest and penalties of $2,969 due to the settlement of tax audits and expiring statutes of limitations resulting in a net decrease of $2,207 for the years ended December 31 consists of the following:2008.

   2006  2005  2004 

Current

    

Federal

  $76,268  $72,151  $2,936 

State

   (2,536)  766   1,245 

Foreign

   406   (151)  571 
             
   74,138   72,766   4,752 
             

Deferred

    

Federal

   13,267   27,719   60,421 

State

   148   17,971   5,284 

Foreign

   437   55   (517)
             
   13,852   45,745   65,188 
             

Total provision

  $87,990  $118,511  $69,940 
             

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various states and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to examinations by tax authorities before the year 2001. During the second quarter of 2008, the Internal Revenue Service completed the audit of the Company for the tax years 2005 and 2006.

The components of (loss) income before taxes for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

   2008  2007  2006

Domestic

  $(53,488) $157,234  $277,521

Foreign

   (4,534)  1,723   5,028
            
  $(58,022) $158,957  $282,549
            

The Company’s income tax (benefit) provision for the years ended December 31 consists of the following:

   2008  2007  2006 

Current

    

Federal

  $(13,990) $38,081  $76,268 

State

   308   1,266   (2,536)

Foreign

   (918)  (405)  406 
             
   (14,600)  38,942   74,138 
             

Deferred

    

Federal

   (8,920)  18,104   13,267 

State

   (4,330)  (12,530)  148 

Foreign

   (629)  (288)  437 
             
   (13,879)  5,286   13,852 
             

Total (benefit) provision

  $(28,479) $44,228  $87,990 
             

A reconciliation of taxes computed at the statutory rate to the Company’s income tax expense for each of the years indicated is as follows:

 

  2006 2005 2004   2008 2007 2006 

Provision for federal income tax at statutory rate

  $98,892  $120,865  $66,722 

(Benefit) provision for federal income tax at statutory rate

  $(20,308) $55,635  $98,892 

State income tax provision net of federal income tax effect

   3,608   7,925   4,244    (693)  1,114   3,608 

Tax benefit

   (1,636)  (8,000)  —   

Foreign tax

   843   (96)  54    (1,547)  (693)  843 

Foreign earnings

   (1,760)  (285)  (1,587)   1,587   (603)  (1,760)

Extra-territorial income exclusion benefit

   (1,050)  (5,391)  —      —     —     (1,050)

Manufacturing deduction

   (2,380)  (2,870)  —      —     (1,995)  (2,380)

Tax exempt interest income

   (2,519)  —     —      (1,040)  (522)  (2,519)

Contingent tax liability

   (6,538)  —     —      (5,418)  76   (6,538)

Other, net

   (1,106)  (1,637)  507    576   (784)  (1,106)
                    
  $87,990  $118,511  $69,940   $(28,479) $44,228  $87,990 
                    

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

The 2008 and 2007 tax benefits resulted from a reduction in deferred taxes due to a change in apportionment ratios upon the reorganization of several subsidiaries. The 2008 contingent tax liability for 2006 is for federal and state contingent liabilities released due to the related statutes of limitations expiring inand audit settlements. The 2006 contingent tax liability is for federal and state contingent liabilities released due to the fourth quarterrelated statutes of 2006.

The 2005 extra-territorial income exclusion benefit of $5,391 includes a current year benefit for 2005 of $1,295,limitations expiring and the remaining benefit of $4,096 is a one-time benefit related to prior years.audit settlements.

The tax effects of the principal temporary differences between financial reporting and income tax reporting at December 31 are as follows:

 

   2006  2005  2004 

Net operating loss carryforward

  $10,307  $15,503  $22,717 

Credit carryforward

   406   —     31,881 

Accruals

   16,742   12,052   10,078 

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   1,141   1,463   2,571 

Inventory

   8,478   5,645   5,549 

Other

   2,725   5,680   3,778 
             

Deferred taxes assets—total

   39,799   40,343   76,574 
             

Property, plant and equipment

   (287,560)  (241,188)  (245,753)

Turnaround costs

   (14,137)  (2,860)  —   

Other

   (387)  (787)  (192)
             

Deferred tax liabilities—total

   (302,084)  (244,835)  (245,945)
             

Valuation allowance

   (3,667)  (3,583)  —   
             

Total net deferred tax liabilities

  $(265,952) $(208,075) $(169,371)
             

Balance sheet classifications

    

Current deferred tax asset

  $15,876  $13,013  $65,790 

Deferred tax liability

   (281,828)  (221,088)  (235,161)
             

Total net deferred tax liabilities

  $(265,952) $(208,075) $(169,371)
             

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

   2008  2007  2006 

Net operating loss carryforward

  $13,900  $11,450  $10,307 

Credit carryforward

   1,952   2,376   406 

Accruals

   19,999   16,764   16,742 

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   850   1,131   1,141 

Inventories

   19,350   8,414   8,478 

Other

   5,034   4,313   2,725 
             

Deferred taxes assets—total

   61,085   44,448   39,799 
             

Property, plant and equipment

   (294,832)  (296,698)  (287,560)

Turnaround costs

   (16,281)  (14,408)  (14,137)

Other

   812   368   (387)
             

Deferred tax liabilities—total

   (310,301)  (310,738)  (302,084)
             

Valuation allowance

   (4,648)  (3,970)  (3,667)
             

Total net deferred tax liabilities

  $(253,864) $(270,260) $(265,952)
             

Balance sheet classifications

    

Current deferred tax asset

  $26,622  $17,705  $15,876 

Deferred tax liability

   (280,486)  (287,965)  (281,828)
             

Total net deferred tax liabilities

  $(253,864) $(270,260) $(265,952)
             

At December 31, 2006,2008, the Company had a federalforeign net operating loss and state net operating loss carryforward of approximately $1,749$2,735 and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $239,228,$316,967, respectively, which will expire in varying amounts between 20072009 and 20272029 and are subject to certain limitations on an annual basis. Management believes the Company will realize the benefit of the net operating loss carryforwards before they expire, but to the extent that the full benefit may not be realized, a state net operating loss valuation allowance has been recorded. The valuation allowance of $3,583$3,667 was recorded in 20052006 and then increased by $84 during 2006$303 in 2007 due to state law changes related to apportionment.apportionment and by $678 in 2008 due to additional state losses. During 2006, the Company acquired the Longview facilitiesfacility as discussed in Note 14. The deferred tax liabilities of $47,536 associated with the acquisition of the Longview facilitiesfacility are included in total net deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2006. During the second quarter of 2007, the Company received $8,043 to settle the working capital adjustment. The working capital adjustment along with other adjustments resulted in a decrease in deferred tax liabilities of $2,568 associated with the acquisition. The final adjustment resulted in a final deferred tax liability balance of $44,968 being included in total net deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2007.

Applicable U.S. deferred income taxes and related foreign dividend withholding taxes have not been provided on approximately $7,026$6,124 of undistributed earnings and profits of the Company’s foreign corporate joint venture and foreign subsidiaries. The Company considers such earnings to be permanently reinvested outside the United States. It is not practical to estimate the amount of deferred income taxes associated with these earnings.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

12. Employee Benefits

The Company has a defined contribution savings plan covering all regular full-time and part-time employees whereby eligible employees may elect to contribute up to 100% of their annual compensation. TheThrough 2007, the Company matched 50% of an employee’s contribution up to 6% of such employee’s compensation. Beginning January 1, 2008, the Company matches 50%100% of an employee’s contribution up to the first 6%4% of such employee contributions.employee’s compensation. The Company may, at its discretion, make an additional contribution in an amount as the board of directors may determine. For the years ended December 31, 2006, 20052008, 2007 and 2004,2006, the Company charged approximately $2,693, $2,447$4,591, $3,266 and $2,102,$2,693, respectively, to expense for these contributions.

Further, within the defined contribution savings plan, the Company also makes an annual retirement contribution to substantially all employees of one subsidiary and certain employees of another subsidiary who have completed one year of service. The Company’s contributions to the plan are determined as a percentage of employees’ base and overtime pay. For the years ended December 31, 2006, 20052008, 2007 and 2004,2006, the Company charged approximately $2,641, $2,658$4,016, $3,459 and $2,225,$2,641, respectively, to expense for these contributions.

The Company has noncontributory defined benefit pension plans that cover substantially allcertain eligible salaried and all wage employees of one subsidiary. Benefits for salaried employees under these plans are based primarily on years of service and employees’ pay near retirement. Benefits for wage employees are based upon years of service and a fixed amount as periodically adjusted. The Company recognizes the years of service prior to the Company’s acquisition of the facilities for purposes of determining vesting, eligibility and benefit levels for certain employees of the subsidiary and for determining vesting and eligibility for certain other employees of the subsidiary. The measurement date for these plans is December 31. The Company’s funding policy is consistent with the minimum funding requirements of federal law and regulations, and based on preliminary estimates, the Company does not expectexpects to make any contribution to these planscontributions of approximately $1,400 for the salaried plan and $100 for the wage plan in 2007.2009. The accumulated benefit obligation was $34,213, $29,875$37,860, $36,707 and $27,162$34,213 at December 31, 2006, 20052008, 2007 and 2004,2006, respectively.

The Company also provides post-retirement healthcare benefits to the employees of threetwo subsidiaries who meet certain minimum age and service requirements. The Company has the right to modify or terminate some of these benefits.

As discussed in Note 1, the Company has adopted SFAS 158 which requires an enterprise to recognize in its statement of financial position an asset for a defined benefit postretirement plan’s overfunded status or a liability

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

for a defined benefit postretirement plan’s underfunded status. The impact of the adoption of this statement on its financial position is illustrated in the table below which reflects the establishment of the underfunded liability and the after-tax impact on stockholder’s equity.

   

Before

Application

of SFAS 158

  Adjustments  

After

Application

of SFAS 158

 

Total current assets

  $849,787  $—    $849,787 

Property, plant and equipment (net)

   1,119,088   —     1,119,088 

Other assets (net)

   133,184   (902)  132,282 
             

Total assets

  $2,102,059  $(902) $2,101,157 
             

Total current liabilities

  $321,340  $572  $321,912 

Long-term debt

   260,156   —     260,156 

Deferred income taxes

   304,102   (5,404)  298,698 

Other liabilities

   28,283   13,882   42,165 
             

Total liabilities

   913,881   9,050   922,931 
             

Common stock

   653   —     653 

Additional paid-in capital

   427,893   —     427,893 

Retained earnings

   759,606   —     759,606 

Accumulated other comprehensive income

   26   (9,952)  (9,926)
             

Total stockholders’ equity

   1,188,178   (9,952)  1,178,226 
             

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

  $2,102,059  $(902) $2,101,157 
             

Details of the pension and post-retirement healthcare plans are as follows:

 

  Pension Benefits Other Benefits   Pension Benefits Post-retirement Healthcare 
  2006 2005 2004 2006 2005 2004   2008 2007 2006 2008 2007 2006 

Change in benefit obligation

              

Benefit obligation, beginning of year

  $34,779  $32,071  $27,342  $22,597  $20,961  $19,070   $42,001  $39,344  $34,779  $20,609  $24,448  $22,597 

Service cost

   1,066   1,050   1,029   361   360   381    986   1,041   1,066   101   283   361 

Interest cost

   1,885   1,798   1,736   512   414   420    2,374   2,228   1,885   1,096   584   512 

Actuarial loss

   2,630   737   1,104   1,533   1,363   1,649 

Actuarial loss (gain)

   (1,613)  580   2,630   (485)  (3,660)  1,533 

Benefits paid

   (1,016)  (877)  (732)  (555)  (501)  (559)   (1,433)  (1,192)  (1,016)  (1,176)  (1,046)  (555)

Plan amendment

   —     —     1,592   —     —     —   
                                      

Benefit obligation, end of year

  $39,344  $34,779  $32,071  $24,448  $22,597  $20,961   $42,315  $42,001  $39,344  $20,145  $20,609  $24,448 
                                      

Change in plan assets

              

Fair value of plan assets beginning of year

   26,149   19,726   17,233   —     —     —      31,448   30,541   26,149   —     —     —   

Actual return

   2,910   1,226   1,556   —     —     —      (7,160)  2,099   2,910   —     —     —   

Employer contribution

   2,498   6,074   1,670   555   501   559    1,395   —     2,498   1,176   1,046   555 

Benefit paid

   (1,016)  (877)  (732)  (555)  (501)  (559)

Benefits paid

   (1,433)  (1,192)  (1,016)  (1,176)  (1,046)  (555)
                                      

Fair value of plan assets end of year

  $30,541  $26,149  $19,727  $—    $—    $—     $24,250  $31,448  $30,541  $—    $—    $—   
                                      

Funded status, end of year

  $(8,803) $(8,630) $(12,344) $(24,448) $(22,597) $(20,961)  $(18,065) $(10,553) $(8,803) $(20,145) $(20,609) $(24,448)
                                      

Reconciliation of funded status

       

Funded status

  $(18,065) $(10,553) $(8,803) $(20,145) $(20,609) $(24.448)
                   

Net amount recognized

  $(18,065) $(10,553) $(8,803) $(20,145) $(20,609) $(24,448)
                   

Amounts recognized in the statement of financial position

       

Current liabilities

  $—    $—    $—    $(1,305) $(1,249) $(572)

Noncurrent liabilities

   (18,065)  (10,553)  (8,803)  (18,840)  (19,360)  (23,876)
                   

Net amount recognized

  $(18,065) $(10,553) $(8,803) $(20,145) $(20,609) $(24,448)
                   

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (OCI)

       

Net loss

  $16,492  $9,010  $8,663  $2,594  $3,257  $7,393 

Transition obligation

   —     —     —     342   456   569 

Prior service cost

   265   584   902   828   1,040   1,361 
                   

Total before tax(1)

  $16,757  $9,594  $9,565  $3,764  $4,753  $9,323 
                   

(1)For 2008, after-tax totals for pension benefits and post-retirement healthcare benefits were $10,892 and $2,447, respectively. The sum of these amounts ($13,339) is reflected in stockholders’ equity as OCI. For 2007, after-tax totals for pension benefits and post-retirement healthcare benefits were $6,144 and $3,090, respectively. The sum of these amounts ($9,234) is reflected in stockholders’ equity as OCI. For 2006, the after-tax totals for pension benefits and post-retirement healthcare benefits were 6,171 and 6,015, respectively. The sum of these amounts ($12,186) is reflected in stockholders’ equity as OCI.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

    Pension Benefits  Other Benefits 
    2006  2005  2004  2006  2005  2004 

Reconciliation of funded status

       

Funded status

  $(8,803) $(8,630) $(12,344) $(24,448) $(22,597) $(20,961)

Unrecognized net actuarial loss

   —     7,141   5,966   —     6,187   5,160 

Unamortized transition obligation

   —     —     —     —     684   797 

Unamortized prior period service cost

   —     1,220   1,539   —     1,627   1,893 
                         

Net amount recognized

  $(8,803) $(269) $(4,839) $(24,448) $(14,099) $(13,111)
                         

Amounts recognized in the statement of financial position

       

Intangible assets

  $—    $1,220  $1,539  $—    $—    $—   

Current liabilities

   —     —     —     (572)  —     —   

Noncurrent liabilities

   (8,803)  (4,626)  (9,138)  (23,876)  (14,099)  (13,111)

Accumulated other comprehensive loss before taxes

   —     3,137   2,760   —     —     —   
                         

Net amount recognized

  $(8,803) $(269) $(4,839) $(24,448) $(14,099) $(13,111)
                         

 

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (OCI)

       

Net loss

  $8,663  $3,137  $2,760  $7,393  $—    $—   

Transition obligation

   —     —     —     569   —     —   

Prior service cost

   902   —     —     1,361   —     —   
                         

Total before tax(1)

  $9,565  $3,137  $2,760  $9,323  $—    $—   
                         

(1)For 2006, after-tax totals for pension benefits and other benefits were $6,171 and $6,015, respectively. The sum of these amounts ($12,186) is reflected in stockholders’ equity as OCI. For 2005 and 2004, the after-tax totals for pension benefits were $1,976 and $1,739, respectively.

   Pension Benefits  Other Benefits
   2006  2005  2004  2006  2005  2004

Components of net periodic benefit cost

        

Service cost

  $1,066  $1,050  $1,029  $361  $360  $381

Interest cost

   1,885   1,798   1,736   512   414   420

Expected return on plan assets

   (2,201)  (1,928)  (1,419)  —     —     —  

Net amortization

   717   584   680   707   715   621
                        

Net periodic benefit cost

  $1,467  $1,504  $2,026  $1,580  $1,489  $1,422
                        

Other changes in plan assets and benefit
obligation recognized in OCI

        

Net loss emerging

  $5,925  $—    $—    $7,720  $—    $—  

Transition obligation

   —     —     —     683   —     —  

Prior service cost

   —     —     —     1,627   —     —  

Amortization of net loss

   (399)  —     —     (327)  —     —  

Amortization of transition obligation

   —     —     —     (114)  —     —  

Amortization of prior service cost

   (318)  —     —     (266)  —     —  
                        

Total recognized in OCI

  $5,208  $—    $—    $9,323  $—    $—  
                        

Total net periodic benefit cost and OCI

  $6,675  $1,504  $2,026  $10,903  $1,489  $1,422
                        

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

   Pension Benefits  Post-retirement Healthcare 
   2008  2007  2006  2008  2007  2006 

Components of net periodic benefit cost

       

Service cost

  $986  $1,041  $1,066  $101  $283  $361 

Interest cost

   2,374   2,228   1,885   1,096   584   512 

Expected return on plan assets

   (2,483)  (2,396)  (2,201)  —     —     —   

Net amortization

   866   848   717   504   910   707 
                         

Net periodic benefit cost

  $1,743  $1,721  $1,467  $1,701  $1,777  $1,580 
                         

Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligation recognized in OCI

       

Net loss (gain) emerging

  $8,030  $877  $5,925  $(485) $(3,660) $7,720 

Transition obligation

   —     —     —     —     —     683 

Prior service cost

   —     —     —     —     —     1,627 

Amortization of net loss

   (548)  (530)  (399)  (178)  (476)  (327)

Amortization of transition obligation

   —     —     —     (114)  (114)  (114)

Amortization of prior service cost

   (318)  (318)  (318)  (212)  (320)  (266)
                         

Total recognized in OCI

  $7,164  $29  $5,208  $(989) $(4,570) $9,323 
                         

Total net periodic benefit cost and OCI

  $8,907  $1,750  $6,675  $712  $(2,793) $10,903 
                         

The estimated prior service cost and net loss for the defined benefit plans that will be amortized from other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost during 20072009 are expected to be $318 and $511,$1,406, respectively. The estimated transition obligation, prior service cost and net loss for the otherpost-retirement healthcare benefit plans that will be amortized from other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost during 20072009 are expected to be $114, $266$212 and $414,$112, respectively.

 

Weighted average assumptions as of year end

         2008 2007 2006 2008 2007 2006 

Discount rate

  5.8% 5.5% 5.8% 4.7% 4.9% 5.0%  6.0% 5.8% 5.8% 5.8% 5.5% 4.7%

Expected return on plan assets

  8.0% 8.0% 8.0% —    —    —     8.0% 8.0% 8.0% —    —    —   

Rate of compensation increase

  4.0% 4.0% 4.0% —    —    —     4.0% 4.0% 4.0% —    —    —   

 

  Pension  Other  Pension  Post-
retirement
Healthcare

Estimated future benefit payments:

        

Year 1

  $1,182  $572  $1,587  $1,305

Year 2

  $1,429  $590  $1,784  $1,482

Year 3

  $1,585  $608  $1,994  $1,672

Year 4

  $1,801  $627  $2,188  $1,845

Year 5

  $1,975  $646  $2,441  $1,981

Year 6 to 10

  $13,006  $3,545  $15,056  $9,463

With an average rate of return below 8.0%8% for 2006,2008, the Company has decided to leave the return on asset assumption at 8.0%8% as of January 1, 2007.2009. This decision is based on input from the Company’s third-party independent actuary and the pension fund trustee, projecting near-term returns of 8% to 12% from equities, and 4% to 6% from fixed income investments.trustee. The discount rate is based on representative published high quality bond indices which indicate the general level of rates. Beginning in 2008, the discount rate was determined using a benchmark pension discount curve and applying spot rates asfrom the curve to each year of December 31, 2006.expected benefit payments to determine the appropriate discount rate for the Company.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Assumed healthcare trend rates do not have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the healthcare plans because benefits for participants are capped at a fixed amount.

 

  

Pension Benefit—

Salaried

 

Pension Benefit—

Wage

 
  2006 2005 2004 2006 2005 2004   Pension Benefit—
Salaried
 Pension Benefit—
Wage
 

Asset allocation for years ended:

         2008 2007 2006 2008 2007 2006 

Cash

  0% 2% 1% 0% 2% 1%  3% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0%

Fixed income

  40% 39% 38% 40% 39% 38%  36% 39% 40% 36% 39% 40%

Equity

  60% 59% 61% 60% 59% 61%  61% 61% 60% 61% 61% 60%
                                      
  100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%  100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
                                      

The Company adopted a “balanced” asset allocation model (investment policy) of 50% equities and 50% fixed income in response to the market downturn during 2001 and 2002. As the market improved during subsequent years, the pension fund investment policy allowed the pension fund trustee a 10% discretionary range in the asset allocation model, shifting towith a target of approximately 60% equities and 40% fixed income. The Company expects the 60/40 investment policy to remain for the near future.

13. Related Party and Affiliate Transactions

The Company leases office space for management and administrative services from an affiliated party. For the years ended December 31, 2006, 20052008, 2007 and 2004,2006, the Company incurred and paid lease payments of approximately $1,495, $1,390 and $1,269, $1,241 and $1,434, respectively.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

In March 2000, the Company loaned an affiliated party $2,000.$2,000 to Suzhou Huasu Plastics Company, Ltd., a Chinese joint venture company in which the Company owns a 59% equity stake. Interest on the debt accrues at LIBOR plus 2%. Previously, the Company loaned this same affiliate $5,150. No interest or principal payments were received from the original loan from 1997 through 2001. Principal payments totaling $0, $763 and $858 were received from the affiliated party in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The remaining balance is scheduled to be repaid beginning in 2010. Interest2008 or 2007, but interest payments of $161 $246 and $517 were received in 2006 2005 and 2004, respectively, and are included in other income, net in the consolidated statement of operations. The Company and the affiliate have agreed to defer all interest and principal payments under these loans until 2010. The loan amounts are included in other assets, net in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

During the years ended December 31, 2006, 20052008, 2007 and 2004,2006, the Company and subsidiaries charged affiliates $955, $838$676, $678 and $1,231,$955, respectively, for management services incurred on their behalf. The amounts are included in other income, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Amounts due for such services and other expenses of $997, $757$332 and $889$729 as of December 31, 2006, 20052008 and 2004,2007, respectively, are included in accounts receivable in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

14. Acquisitions

On August 2, 2004, the Company completed the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Bristolpipe Corporation. Bristolpipe Corporation, headquartered in Elkhart, Indiana, operated three manufacturing plants located in Indiana, Pennsylvania and Georgia with a combined estimated pipe production capacity of 300 million pounds per year and primarily produced PVC pipe products for a wide range of applications, including domestic and commercial drainage, waste and venting; underground water; sewer pipe; and telecommunications cable ducting. The acquisition contributed $55,366 net sales to the Company in 2004. The purchase price of the assets was $33,294. Because the Bristolpipe acquisition is immaterial to the Company’s consolidated financial statements, no pro forma disclosures are required.

On November 30, 2006, the Company acquired Eastman Chemical Company’s polyethylene and Epolene® polymers businesses,business, related assets and a 200 mile, 10 inch pipeline from Mont Belvieu, Texas to Longview, Texas all of which are headquartered in Longview, Texas (“Longview facilities”). The polyethylene business and associated operating facilities havefor a capacity of 1,125 million pounds per year of polyethylene. This capacity is comprised of 700 million pounds per year of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and 425 million pounds of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). After the closing of the transaction, the Company’s total polyethylene capacity will be in excess of 2.5 billion pounds per year. The Company also acquired technology for the production of specialty polyolefin polymers including: acrylate co-polymers; Epolene® polymers for the adhesives, coatings and other consumer products markets; and Energx® technology for LLDPE, which is designed to provide enhanced strength and performance properties. The Company’s management believes that the acquisition of these facilities will further strengthen the Company’s position in the North American polyethylene market and increase its ability to provide an improved overall product mix and new technology.

The purchase price of $235,028, was paid with available cash on hand. This amount is subject to further adjustment based on final values of working capital items at November 30, 2006.

The acquisition is being accounted for under the purchase methoddate. During the second quarter of accounting. Accordingly,2007, the resultsCompany received $8,043 to settle the working capital adjustment. The adjustment resulted in a final purchase price of these assets are included$226,985. This adjustment, along with other purchase price adjustments, has resulted in the consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date. The resultsa goodwill balance of operations and assets are included in the Olefins segment.

The Company has allocated the total acquisition cost of this new business to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed$29,990 at estimated fair values. The excess of fair value of the net assets acquired compared to theDecember 31, 2008.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

amount paid is classified as goodwill. This allocation is preliminary and is subject to revision. Subsequent revisions, if any, are not expected to be material. The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition:

Purchase price

  $ 235,028 

Direct acquisition costs

   1,119 
     

Total acquisition cost:

   236,147 
     

Allocation of total acquisition cost:

  

Inventories

  $69,131 

Other current assets

   56 

Property, plant, and equipment

   157,815 

Intangible assets

   25,313 

Goodwill

   36,098 

Other assets

   3,326 

Current liabilities

   (8,056)

Deferred income taxes

   (47,536)
     
  $236,147 
     

The following is the detail for intangible assets:

Intangible Asset

  Amount  Amortization
Period (years)

Patents

  $6,503  10

Customer relationships

   17,649  13

Epolene® trade name

   1,161  —  
      
  $25,313  
      

The following unaudited consolidated pro forma information is provided forwith respect to the acquisition assuming it occurred on January 1, 2005:2006:

 

  2006  2005  2006

Net sales

  $3,185,332  $3,122,974  $3,185,332

Income before income taxes

   345,839   429,913   345,839

Net income

   234,875   280,698   234,875

Earnings per common share:

      

Basic

   3.61   4.32   3.61

Diluted

   3.60   4.30   3.60

The pro forma net earnings above assumes an income tax provision at the Company’s estimated federal and state income tax rate for the respective year. The information is presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of results that would have been achieved if the acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 20052006 or of future operating performance.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION15. Plant Closures

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—ContinuedThe Company decided to permanently close the Pawling, New York facility and consolidate manufacturing of window and door components in Calgary, Canada in the first quarter of 2008. During the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company announced the idling of the PVC pipe plant in Van Buren, Arkansas, which had an annual capacity of 47 million pounds. Asset impairments, severance and other costs recorded in 2008 related to these closures were $3,850.

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

15.16. Other Income, net

Other income, net consists of the following for the years ended December 31:

 

  2006 2005 2004   2008 2007 2006 

Management services

  $955  $838  $1,231   $902  $678  $955 

Interest income

   10,074   4,317   971    4,560   2,892   10,074 

Insurance proceeds, net

   —     —     2,785 

Franchise taxes

   (549)  (1,689)  (1,128)

Equity in income of unconsolidated subsidiary

   1,766   94   1,379    621   2,796   1,766 

Derivative loss

   —     (1,947)  (3,750)

Write-down of long-term investment

   —     (923)  —   

Other

   (1,125)  (644)  21    (59)  (1,096)  3 
                    
  $11,670  $2,658  $2,637   $5,475  $2,658  $11,670 
                    

16.17. Commitments and Contingencies

Environmental Matters

The Company is subject to environmental laws and regulations that can impose civil and criminal sanctions and that may require it to mitigate the effects of contamination caused by the release or disposal of hazardous substances into the environment. Under one law, an owner or operator of property may be held strictly liable for remediating contamination without regard to whether that person caused the contamination, and without regard to whether the practices that resulted in the contamination were legal at the time they occurred. Because several of the Company’s production sites have a history of industrial use, it is impossible to predict precisely what effect these requirements will have on the Company.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Contract LitigationDisputes with Goodrich and PolyOne.In connection with the 1990 and 1997 acquisitions of the Goodrich Corporation (“Goodrich”) chemical manufacturing complex in Calvert City, Kentucky, Goodrich agreed to indemnify the Company for any liabilities related to preexisting contamination at the complex. For its part, the Company agreed to indemnify Goodrich for post-closing contamination caused by the Company’s operations. The soil and groundwater at the complex, which does not include the Company’s nearby PVC facility, had been extensively contaminated by Goodrich’s operations. In 1993, Goodrich spun off the predecessor of PolyOne Corporation (“PolyOne”), and that predecessor assumed Goodrich’s indemnification obligations relating to preexisting contamination. PolyOne is now coordinating the investigation and remediation of contamination at the complex.

In mid-19972003, litigation arose among the Company, began operating (pursuantGoodrich and PolyOne with respect to contract) a certain piecethe allocation of groundwater remediation equipmentthe cost of remediating contamination at the complex owned by Goodrich.

For a number of years,site. The parties settled this litigation in December 2007 and the case was dismissed. In the settlement the parties agreed that, among other things: (1) PolyOne has asserted that the Company’s operations after the 1990 and 1997 acquisitions have contributed to the contamination. In May 2003, Goodrich asserted that the Company is responsible for a portionwould pay 100% of the costs (with specified exceptions), net of treatingrecoveries or credits from third parties, incurred with respect to environmental issues at the complex’s contaminated groundwater. Goodrich then began withholding payment of 45% of the monthly costs incurred byCalvert City site from August 1, 2007 forward; (2) either the Company or PolyOne might, from time to operate certain remediation equipment.

In October 2003, the Company sued Goodrichtime in the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky for breach of contractfuture (but not more than once every five years), institute a proceeding to recover its unpaid invoices for providing these services. Goodrich filed a counterclaim againstadjust that percentage; and (3) the Company and PolyOne would negotiate a third-party complaint against PolyOne. PolyOne in turn filed motionsnew environmental remediation utilities and services agreement to dismiss, counterclaims against Goodrich, and cross-claims against the Company, in which it alleged, among other things, that Goodrich and the Company had conspired to defraud PolyOne.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

In March 2005, the court dismissed PolyOne’s claims against the Company and grantedcover the Company’s motion for summary judgmentprovision to or on its breachbehalf of contract claim against Goodrich. In July 2005, Goodrich agreed to payPolyOne of certain environmental remediation services at the Company all past due amounts, including interest, in the amount of $3,132. This reimbursement is reflected in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2005, resulting in a $2,606 reduction of selling, general and administrative expenses and $526 of interest income. Goodrich further agreed to timely and fully pay the Company for all future services. Goodrich reserved the right to seek reconsideration of the court’s order, which, if granted, could require the Company to reimburse Goodrich for its payments to the Company under the July 2005 agreement. The case is continuing with respect to Goodrich’s counterclaim against the Company and the claims between Goodrich and PolyOne. A court-ordered mediation is expected to occur in early 2007 and trial is set for October 2007.

site. The current groundwaterenvironmental remediation activities at the Calvert City complex do not have a specified termination date but are expected to last for the foreseeable future. Since the Company acquired in mid-1997 the relevant portion of the complex where certain groundwater remediation equipment is located, the Company has spent approximately $23,300 through December 31, 2006 in operating this equipment, all of which has been reimbursed to the Company by Goodrich. Goodrich is continuing to reimburse the Company on a monthly basis as ongoing expenses for these services are incurred. The costs incurred by PolyOne to operateprovide the groundwaterenvironmental remediation equipmentservices were $3,362$3,790 in 2006.2008.

Administrative Proceedings.There are several administrative proceedings in Kentucky involving the Company, Goodrich and PolyOne andrelated to the same manufacturing complex in Calvert City. In 2003, the Kentucky Environmental and Public Protection Cabinet (“Cabinet”) re-issued Goodrich’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, or RCRA, permit which requires Goodrich to remediate contamination at the Calvert City manufacturing complex. Both Goodrich and PolyOne challenged various terms of the permit in an attempt to shift Goodrich’s clean-up obligations under the permit to the Company.

In January 2004, the Cabinet notified the Company that the Company’s ownership of a closed landfill (known as former Pond 4) requires it to submit an application for its own permit under RCRA. This could require the Company to bear the cost of performing remediation work at former Pond 4 and adjacent areas at the complex. The Company challenged the Cabinet’s January 2004 order and has obtained several extensions to submit the required permit application, which is now due in March 2007.application. In October 2006, the Cabinet notified Goodrich and the Company that both were “operators” of former Pond 4 under RCRA, and ordered them to jointly submit an application for a RCRA permit no later than April 2007.permit. Goodrich and the Company have both challenged the Cabinet’s October 2006 order.

All of these administrative proceedings have been consolidated. At a hearing on February 9, 2007,consolidated, and the administrative law judge vacatedcase is pending before the hearing date and set a status conference for May 18, 2007 based on the fact that the parties are engaged in settlement discussions.Cabinet.

Litigation Related to the Administrative Proceedings.The Company has the contractual right to reconvey title to former Pond 4 back to Goodrich, and the Company has tendered former Pond 4 back to Goodrich under this provision. In March 2005, the Company sued Goodrich in the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky to require Goodrich to accept the tendered reconveyance and to indemnify the Company for costs the Company incurred in connection with former Pond 4. Goodrich subsequently filed a third-party complaint against PolyOne, seeking to hold PolyOne responsible for any of Goodrich’s former Pond 4 liabilities to the Company. Goodrich moved to dismiss the Company’s suit against it, the Company filed a motion for partial summary judgment against Goodrich, and PolyOne moved to dismiss Goodrich’s third-party complaint against it. All three motions are pending.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

PolyOne filed a separate lawsuit against it. In March 2007, the Company in March 2005 in the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky seeking to require the Company to apply for its own RCRA permit. Purportedly brought under the “citizen suit” provisions of RCRA, PolyOne’s suit involves the same issues raised in the Goodrich and PolyOne challenges to the RCRA permit discussed above. The Company filed acourt granted Goodrich’s motion to dismiss PolyOne’s suit, whichthe Company’s claim that Goodrich is pending.required to accept the tendered reconveyance. Although the Company’s motion for partial summary judgment was denied then, the Company’s claim for indemnification of its costs incurred in connection with Pond 4 is still pending before the court.

Monetary Relief. NeitherExcept as noted above, with respect to the settlement of the contract litigation among the Company, Goodrich and PolyOne, neither the court nor the Cabinet has established any allocation of the costs of remediation among the various parties that are involved in the judicial and administrative proceedings discussed above. The Company is not in a position at this time to state what effect, if any, the resolution of these proceedings could have on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in 2008 and later years. Any monetary liabilitiescash expenditures that the Company might incur in the future with respect to the remediation of contamination at the complex would likely be spread out over an extended period. As a result, the Company believes it is unlikely that any remediation costs allocable to it will be material. However, the Company is notmaterial in a position at this time to state what effect, ifterms of expenditures made in any the resolution of these proceedings could have on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.individual reporting period.

Environmental Investigations. In 2002, the EPA’s National Enforcement Investigations Center, or NEIC, of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, investigated the Company’s manufacturing complex in Calvert City. In early 2004, the NEIC investigated the Company’s nearby PVC plant. The EPA subsequently submitted information requests to the Company under the Clean Air Act and RCRA. The Company and the EPA met in June 2004 to attempt to voluntarily resolve the notices of violation that were issued to the Company for the 2002 investigation and to voluntarily resolve any issues raised at the PVC plant in the 2004 investigation. Since then, the parties have continued to engage in settlement discussions. The EPA has indicated that it will impose monetary penalties and require plant modifications that will involve capital expenditures. The Company expects that, based on the EPA’s past practices, the amount of any monetary penalties would be reduced by a portion of the expenditures that the Company would agree to make for certain “supplemental environmental projects.” The Company has recorded an accrual for a probable loss related to monetary penalties and other items to be expensed; however, based on correspondence with the EPA, the Company reduced its loss accrual by $1,500 during the fourth quarter of 2006. This benefit is classified in cost of sales.expensed. Although the ultimate amount of liability is not ascertainable, the Company believes that any amounts exceeding the recorded accruals should not materially affect the Company’s financial condition. It is possible, however, that the ultimate resolution of this matter could result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows for a particular reporting period.

Legal MattersEPA Audit of Ethylene Units in Lake Charles.

In October 2003,During 2007, the Company filed suit against CITGO Petroleum Corporation in state courtEPA conducted an audit of the Company’s ethylene units in Lake Charles, Louisiana, asserting that CITGO had failed to take sufficient hydrogen under two successive contracts pursuant to whichwith a focus on leak detection and repair, or LDAR. In January 2008, the U.S. Department of Justice, or DOJ, notified the Company has supplied and the Company supplies to CITGO hydrogen that the Company generates asEPA had referred the matter to the DOJ to bring a co-product in its ethylene plants in Lake Charles. In December 2003, CITGO responded with an answer and a counterclaimcivil case against the Company asserting that CITGO had overpaidalleging violations of various environmental laws and regulations. The DOJ informed the Company that it would seek monetary penalties and require the Company to implement an “enhanced LDAR” program for hydrogen duethe ethylene units. The Company’s representatives met with the EPA in February 2008 to conduct initial settlement discussions. While the Company can offer no assurance as to an outcome, the Company believes that the resolution of this matter will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s allegedly faulty sales meter and that the Company is obligated to reimburse CITGO for the overpayments. In January 2004, the Company filed a motion to compel arbitrationfinancial condition, cash flows or results of CITGO’s counterclaim and to stay all court proceedings relating to the counterclaim. In May 2004, the parties filed a joint motion with the court to provide for CITGO’s counterclaim to be resolved by arbitration. The Company’s claim against CITGO was approximately $8,100 plus interest at the prime rate plus two percentage points and attorneys’ fees. CITGO’s claim against the Company was approximately $7,800 plus interest at the prime rate plus two percentage points and attorneys’ fees. Effective November 21, 2006, the parties agreed to settle the litigation and dismiss their claims. As a result of this settlement, the Company recorded a benefit of $2,601 in cost of sales due to a reduction in contingency reserves.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATIONoperations.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

In addition to the matters described above, in both “Environmental Matters” and “Legal Matters,” the Company is involved in various routine legal proceedings incidental to the conduct of its business. The Company does not believe that any of these routine legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Other Commitments

The Company is obligated under various long-term and short-term noncancelable operating leases, primarily related to rail car leases. Several of the leases provide for renewal terms. At December 31, 2006,2008, future minimum lease commitments were as follows:

 

2007

  $27,552

2008

   26,160

2009

   23,115  $29,379

2010

   17,891   26,659

2011

   12,452   20,128

2012

   14,199

2013

   10,385

Thereafter

   15,994   32,912
      
  $123,164  $133,662
      

Rental expense, net of railcar mileage credits, was approximately $32,461, $27,691$41,765, $39,432 and $20,790$32,461 for the years ended December 31, 2006, 20052008, 2007 and 2004, respectively.

In addition, in 1996 a subsidiary of the Company entered into an agreement with INEOS (successor to BP Chemicals Ltd.) to license technology used to produce LLDPE and HDPE. Under the agreement the Company makes annual payments to INEOS of $3,140 through May 2007. As of December 31, 2006, and 2005, the net present value of these payments was $3,058 and $5,881. The $3,058 and $5,881 are classified as accrued liabilities at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

The Company has various purchase commitments for materials, supplies and services incident to the ordinary conduct of business. Such commitments are at prices not in excess of market prices. Certain feedstock purchase commitments require taking delivery of minimum volumes at market-determined prices.

17.18. Segment and Geographic Information

Segment Information

The Company operates in two principal business segments: Olefins and Vinyls. These segments are strategic business units that offer a variety of different products. The Company manages each segment separately as each business requires different technology and marketing strategies.

The Company’s Olefins segment manufactures and markets ethylene, polyethylene, styrene monomer and various ethylene co-products. The Company also acquires ethylene from Eastman pursuant to a contract to supply a portion of the Company’s ethylene requirements in Longview. The majority of the Company’s ethylene production and ethylene acquired from Eastman is used in the Company’s polyethylene, styrene and VCM operations. The remainder of the Company’s ethylene is sold to external customers. In addition, the Company makes ethylene co-products such as propylene, crude butadiene and hydrogen that are sold to external customers.

The majority of sales in the Company’s Olefins business are made under long-term agreements where contract volumes are established within a range (typically, more than one year). Earlier terminations may occur if

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

the parties fail to agree on price and deliveries are suspended for a period of several months. In most cases, these contracts also contemplate extension of the term unless specifically terminated by one of the parties. During 2006, 2005 and 2004, one customer accounted for 11.1%, 11.5% and 10.9% of net sales in the Olefins segment. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of sales in the Olefins segment in 2008 or 2007.

The Company’s Vinyls segment manufactures and markets PVC, VCM, chlorine, caustic soda and ethylene. The Company also manufactures and sells products fabricated from PVC that the Company produces, including pipe, window and patio door profiles and fence. The Company’s main manufacturing complex is located in Calvert City, Kentucky. It includes an ethylene plant, a chlor-alkali plant, a VCM plant and a PVC plant. The Company also operates a PVC and VCM manufacturing facility in Geismar, Louisiana. In addition, the Company owns a 58%59% interest in a PVC joint venture in China.

The Company uses a majority of its chlorine, VCM and PVC production to manufacture fabricated products at the Company’s eleven regional plants. Much of the remainder of the VCM production is sold pursuant to a contract that requires the Company to supply a minimum of 300 million pounds of VCM per year. During 2006, 2005 and 2004, one2008, no single customer accounted for 13.0%, 16.3% and 16.8%, respectively,more than 10% of net sales in the Vinyls segment. During 2007, two customers in the Company’s Vinyls segment accounted for 27.6% of segment net sales, one accounting for 16.4% and one accounting for 11.2%. In 2006, an additional customertwo customers accounted for 26.4% of Vinyls segment sales, one accounting for 13.4% of net sales in the segment.

Theand one accounting policies of the individual segments are the same as those described in Note 1.for 13.0%.

   2006  2005  2004 

Net external sales

    

Olefins

    

Polyethylene

  $783,968  $697,662  $601,269 

Ethylene, styrene and other

   585,612   652,380   649,985 
             

Total olefins

   1,369,580   1,350,042   1,251,254 
             

Vinyls

    

Fabricated finished products

  $596,461  $587,547  $394,513 

VCM, PVC, and other

   518,325   503,516   339,586 
             

Total vinyls

   1,114,786   1,091,063   734,099 
             
  $2,484,366  $2,441,105  $1,985,353 
             

Intersegment sales

    

Olefins

  $131,277  $116,822  $53,668 

Vinyls

   1,077   1,173   553 
             
  $132,354  $117,995  $54,221 
             

Income (loss) from operations

    

Olefins

  $160,875  $195,670  $179,587 

Vinyls

   157,918   179,407   69,723 

Corporate and other

   (5,542)  (8,044)  (6,144)
             
  $313,251  $367,033  $243,166 
             

Depreciation and amortization

    

Olefins

  $51,741  $46,844  $49,213 

Vinyls

   34,391   34,343   31,671 

Corporate and other

   130   54   191 
             
  $86,262  $81,241  $81,075 
             

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

   2006  2005  2004 

Other income (expense), net

    

Olefins

  $(12) $(1,933) $(981)

Vinyls

   216   301   121 

Corporate and other

   11,466   4,290   3,497 
             
   11,670   2,658   2,637 

Debt retirement cost

   (25,853)  (646)  (15,791)
             
  $(14,183) $2,012  $(13,154)
             

Capital expenditures

    

Olefins

  $92,360  $40,865  $15,905 

Vinyls

   41,028   42,741   35,745 

Corporate and other

   2,870   2,154   1,060 
             
  $136,258  $85,760  $52,710 
             
      2006  2005 

Total assets

    

Olefins

   $1,390,513  $961,742 

Vinyls

    578,507   573,709 

Corporate and other

    113,078   291,738 
          

Income before taxes

   $2,082,098  $1,827,189 
          

A reconciliationThe accounting policies of total segment income from operations to consolidated income before isthe individual segments are the same as follows:those described in Note 1.

 

   2006  2005  2004 

Income from operations for reportable segments

  $313,251  $367,033  $243,166 

Interest expense

   (16,519)  (23,717)  (39,350)

Debt retirement cost

   (25,853)  (646)  (15,791)

Other income, net

   11,670   2,658   2,637 
             

Income before taxes

  $282,549  $345,328  $190,662 
             

A reconciliation of total segment income from operations to consolidated income before is as follows:

Geographic Information

   2006  2005  2004

Sales to external customers(a)

      

United States

  $2,219,164  $2,068,500  $1,678,421

Foreign

      

Canada

   230,567   324,053   244,959

Bahamas

   191   18,822   25,083

Other

   34,444   29,730   36,890
            
  $2,484,366  $2,441,105  $1,985,353
            
   2008  2007  2006 

Net external sales

    

Olefins

    

Polyethylene

  $1,724,671  $1,545,639  $783,968 

Ethylene, styrene and other

   823,253   629,414   585,612 
             

Total olefins

   2,547,924   2,175,053   1,369,580 
             

Vinyls

    

Fabricated finished products

  $428,461  $497,610  $596,461 

VCM, PVC, and other

   715,968   519,515   518,325 
             

Total vinyls

   1,144,429   1,017,125   1,114,786 
             
  $3,692,353  $3,192,178  $2,484,366 
             

Intersegment sales

    

Olefins

  $95,156  $83,091  $131,277 

Vinyls

   2,120   1,152   1,077 
             
  $97,276  $84,243  $132,354 
             

(Loss) income from operations

    

Olefins

  $(40,145) $152,563  $160,875 

Vinyls

   17,877   29,991   157,918 

Corporate and other

   (7,272)  (7,833)  (5,542)
             
  $(29,540) $174,721  $313,251 
             

Depreciation and amortization

    

Olefins

  $78,227  $67,948  $51,741 

Vinyls

   33,501   35,419   34,391 

Corporate and other

   198   147   130 
             
  $111,926  $103,514  $86,262 
             

Other income (expense), net

    

Olefins

  $8  $155  $(12)

Vinyls

   162   234   216 

Corporate and other

   5,305   2,269   11,466 
             
   5,475   2,658   11,670 

Debt retirement cost

   —     —     (25,853)
             
  $5,475  $2,658  $(14,183)
             

Capital expenditures

    

Olefins

  $54,947  $75,248  $92,360 

Vinyls

   115,030   55,253   41,028 

Corporate and other

   2,584   5,224   2,870 
             
  $172,561  $135,725  $136,258 
             

Total assets

    

Olefins

  $1,275,762  $1,612,146  

Vinyls

   651,678   664,745  

Corporate and other

   359,549   292,444  
          
  $2,286,989  $2,569,335  
          

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

   2006  2005  2004

Long-lived assets

      

United States

  $1,065,965  $850,280  $845,314

Foreign

   10,938   12,952   9,738
            
  $1,076,903  $863,232  $855,052
            

A reconciliation of total segment income from operations to consolidated income before taxes is as follows:

   2008  2007  2006 

(Loss) income from operations for reportable segments

  $(29,540) $174,721  $313,251 

Interest expense

   (33,957)  (18,422)  (16,519)

Debt retirement cost

   —     —     (25,853)

Other income, net

   5,475   2,658   11,670 
         ��   

(Loss) income before taxes

  $(58,022) $158,957  $282,549 
             

Geographic Information

   2008  2007  2006

Sales to external customers(a)

      

United States

  $3,275,860  $2,816,744  $2,219,164

Foreign

      

Canada

   318,969   290,654   230,567

Singapore

   25,235   25,314   191

Other

   72,289   59,466   34,444
            
  $3,692,353  $3,192,178  $2,484,366
            

Long-lived assets

      

United States

   1,184,078  $1,113,365  $1,065,965

Foreign

   13,374   12,847   10,938
            
  $1,197,452  $1,126,212  $1,076,903
            

(a)Revenues are attributed to countries based on location of customer.

18.19. Subsequent EventEvents

On February 23, 2007,5, 2009, the Company amended its revolving credit facility. See Note 7 for additional information regarding this amendment.

On February 13, 2009 the Company’s board of directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.04$0.0525 per share of common stock payable on March 20, 200723, 2009 to holders of record on March 5, 20079, 2009 aggregating approximately $2,611.$3,450.

19.20. Guarantor Disclosures

The Company’s payment obligations under its 6 5/8%the senior notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by each of its current and future domestic restricted subsidiaries that guarantee other debt of the Company or of another guarantor of the 65/8% senior notes in excess of $5,000 (the “Guarantor Subsidiaries”). This includes the subsidiaries created by the acquisition of the Longview facilities. Each Guarantor Subsidiary is 100% owned by the parent company.Westlake Chemical Corporation. These guarantees are the joint and several obligations of the Guarantor Subsidiaries. The following unaudited condensed consolidating financial information presents the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of Westlake Chemical Corporation, the Guarantor Subsidiaries and the remaining subsidiaries that do not guarantee the notes (the “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”), together with consolidating adjustments necessary to present the Company’s results on a consolidated basis.

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information for the Year Endedas of December 31, 20062008

 

  

Westlake

Chemical

Corporation

 

Guarantor

Subsidiaries

  

Non-Guarantor

Subsidiaries

  Eliminations Consolidated  Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
  Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated

Balance Sheet

                

Current assets

                

Cash and cash equivalents

  $46,670  $91  $5,885  $—    $52,646  $88,368  $69  $1,802  $—    $90,239

Accounts receivable, net

   65,041   287,327   6,510   (49,975)  308,903   145,598   286,941   (2,241)  (82,975)  347,323

Inventories, net

   —     445,516   10,760   —     456,276   —     317,312   10,655   —     327,967

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

   10   16,054   22   —     16,086   763   5,830   245   —     6,838

Deferred income taxes

   15,463   —     413   —     15,876   26,388   —     234   —     26,622
                              

Total current assets

   127,184   748,988   23,590   (49,975)  849,787   261,117   610,152   10,695   (82,975)  798,989

Property, plant and equipment, net

   —     1,065,965   10,938   —     1,076,903   —     1,184,078   13,374   —     1,197,452

Equity investment

   1,515,188   15,300   26,382   (1,530,488)  26,382   1,621,068   23,250   30,107   (1,644,318)  30,107

Restricted cash

   134,432   —     —     —     134,432

Other assets, net

   41,870   117,529   5,657   (36,030)  129,026   44,735   111,332   5,971   (36,029)  126,009
                              

Total assets

  $1,684,242  $1,947,782  $66,567  $(1,616,493) $2,082,098  $2,061,352  $1,928,812  $60,147  $(1,763,322) $2,286,989
                              

Current liabilities

                

Accounts payable

   26,811   206,239   5,864   —     238,914  $20,052  $91,626  $1,155  $—    $112,833

Accrued liabilities

   (10,059)  91,481   1,587   (11)  82,998   15,872   83,263   324   (4)  99,455
                              

Total current liabilities

   16,752   297,720   7,451   (11)  321,912   35,924   174,889   1,479   (4)  212,288

Long-term debt

   249,267   88,953   7,932   (85,996)  260,156   499,430   127,798   2,094   (119,003)  510,319

Deferred income taxes

   232,797   47,537   1,494   —     281,828   280,395   —     91   —     280,486

Other liabilities

   11,885   32,776   —     —     44,661   6,543   38,293   —     —     44,836

Stockholders’ equity

   1,173,541   1,480,796   49,690   (1,530,486)  1,173,541   1,239,060   1,587,832   56,483   (1,644,315)  1,239,060
                              

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

  $1,684,242  $1,947,782  $66,567  $(1,616,493) $2,082,098  $2,061,352  $1,928,812  $60,147  $(1,763,322) $2,286,989
                              

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information as of December 31, 2007

   Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
  Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Eliminations  Consolidated

Balance Sheet

        

Current assets

        

Cash and cash equivalents

  $16,173  $96  $8,645  $—    $24,914

Accounts receivable, net

   183,723   492,974   (2,307)  (166,927)  507,463

Inventories, net

   —     515,465   12,406   —     527,871

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

   10   13,867   355   —     14,232

Deferred income taxes

   17,344   —     361   —     17,705
                    

Total current assets

   217,250   1,022,402   19,460   (166,927)  1,092,185

Property, plant and equipment, net

   —     1,113,365   12,847   —     1,126,212

Equity investment

   1,671,979   23,250   29,486   (1,695,229)  29,486

Restricted cash

   199,450   —     —     —     199,450

Other assets, net

   43,053   109,302   5,677   (36,030)  122,002
                    

Total assets

  $2,131,732  $2,268,319  $67,470  $(1,898,186) $2,569,335
                    

Current liabilities

        

Accounts payable

  $29,319  $284,658  $974  $—    $314,951

Accrued liabilities

   16,654   108,702   1,055   (100)  126,311
                    

Total current liabilities

   45,973   393,360   2,029   (100)  441,262

Long-term debt

   500,525   213,647   102   (202,860)  511,414

Deferred income taxes

   286,603   —     1,362   —     287,965

Other liabilities

   11,961   30,063   —     —     42,024

Stockholders’ equity

   1,286,670   1,631,249   63,977   (1,695,226)  1,286,670
                    

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

  $2,131,732  $2,268,319  $67,470  $(1,898,186) $2,569,335
                    

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information for the Year Ended December 31, 20052008

 

   

Westlake

Chemical

Corporation

  

Guarantor

Subsidiaries

  

Non-Guarantor

Subsidiaries

  Eliminations  Consolidated

Balance Sheet

        

Current assets

        

Cash and cash equivalents

  $231,957  $151  $5,787  $—    $237,895

Accounts receivable, net

   60,697   290,749   98   (48,765)  302,779

Inventories, net

   —     331,867   8,003   —     339,870

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

   10   9,007   289   —     9,306

Deferred income taxes

   12,398   —     615   —     13,013
                    

Total current assets

   305,062   631,774   14,792   (48,765)  902,863

Property, plant and equipment, net

   —     850,280   12,952   —     863,232

Equity investment

   1,163,403   15,300   20,042   (1,178,703)  20,042

Other assets, net

   43,235   28,017   5,830   (36,030)  41,052
                    

Total assets

  $1,511,700  $1,525,371  $53,616  $(1,263,498) $1,827,189
                    

Current liabilities

        

Accounts payable

   18,705   181,093   (21)  —     199,777

Accrued liabilities

   4,509   99,042   1,266   55   104,872

Current portion of long-term debt

   1,200   —     —     —     1,200
                    

Total current liabilities

   24,414   280,135   1,245   55   305,849

Long-term debt

   254,800   90,597   5,142   (84,850)  265,689

Deferred income taxes

   219,802   —     1,286   —     221,088

Other liabilities

   18,578   21,880   —     (1)  40,457

Stockholders’ equity

   994,106   1,132,759   45,943   (1,178,702)  994,106
                    

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

  $1,511,700  $1,525,371  $53,616  $(1,263,498) $1,827,189
                    
   Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
  Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Eliminations  Consolidated 

Statement of Operations

      

Net sales

  $—    $3,653,091  $46,182  $(6,920) $3,692,353 

Cost of sales

   —     3,584,253   45,652   (6,920)  3,622,985 
                     
   —     68,838   530   —     69,368 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   2,523   90,435   5,950   —     98,908 
                     

Loss from operations

   (2,523)  (21,597)  (5,420)  —     (29,540)

Interest expense

   (12,056)  (21,655)  (246)  —     (33,957)

Other (expense) income, net

   (21,279)  282   1,132   25,340   5,475 
                     

Income (loss) before income taxes

   (35,858)  (42,970)  (4,534)  25,340   (58,022)

Benefit from income taxes

   (6,315)  (20,617)  (1,547)  —     (28,479)
                     

Net (loss) income

  $(29,543) $(22,353) $(2,987) $25,340  $(29,543)
                     

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information for the Year Ended December 31, 20062007

 

   

Westlake

Chemical

Corporation

  

Guarantor

Subsidiaries

  

Non-Guarantor

Subsidiaries

  Eliminations  Consolidated 

Statement of Operations

       

Net sales

  $—    $2,445,236  $49,557  $(10,427) $2,484,366 

Cost of sales

   —     2,054,820   43,490   (10,427)  2,087,883 
                     
   —     390,416   6,067   —     396,483 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   1,648   77,995   3,589   —     83,232 
                     

Income (loss) from operations

   (1,648)  312,421   2,478   —     313,251 

Interest expense

   (3,123)  (13,396)  —     —     (16,519)

Other income (expense), net

   139,589   356   2,551   (156,679)  (14,183)
                     

Income (loss) before income taxes

   134,818   299,381   5,029   (156,679)  282,549 

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

   (59,741)  146,887   844   —     87,990 
                     

Net income (loss)

  $194,559  $152,494  $4,185  $(156,679) $194,559 
                     

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information for the Year Ended December 31, 2005

   

Westlake

Chemical

Corporation

  

Guarantor

Subsidiaries

  

Non-Guarantor

Subsidiaries

  Eliminations  Consolidated 

Statement of Operations

      

Net sales

  $—    $2,412,321  $41,798  $(13,014) $2,441,105 

Cost of sales

   (125)  1,972,280   38,333   (13,014)  1,997,474 
                     
   125   440,041   3,465   —     443,631 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   2,068   71,358   3,172   —     76,598 

Impairment of long-lived assets

   —     —     —     —     —   
                     

Income (loss) from operations

   (1,943)  368,683   293   —     367,033 

Interest expense

   (3,001)  (20,715)  (1)  —     (23,717)

Other income (expense), net

   227,838   (879)  521   (225,468)  2,012 
                     

Income (loss) before income taxes

   222,894   347,089   813   (225,468)  345,328 

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

   (3,923)  122,531   (97)  —     118,511 
                     

Net income (loss)

  $226,817  $224,558  $910  $(225,468) $226,817 
                     

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information for the Year Ended December 31, 2004

  

Westlake

Chemical

Corporation

 

Guarantor

Subsidiaries

 

Non-Guarantor

Subsidiaries

 Eliminations Consolidated   Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
 Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated 

Statement of Operations

            

Net sales

  $—    $1,962,160  $31,327  $(8,134) $1,985,353   $—    $3,153,061  $47,435  $(8,318) $3,192,178 

Cost of sales

   —     1,663,358   26,944   (8,134)  1,682,168    —     2,882,695   46,401   (8,318)  2,920,778 
                                
   —     298,802   4,383   —     303,185    —     270,366   1,034   —     271,400 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   3,650   54,905   1,683   —     60,238    1,534   92,257   2,888   —     96,679 

Gain on legal settlement

   —     (2,049)  —     —     (2,049)

Impairment of long-lived assets

   —     1,830   —     —     1,830 
                                

Income (loss) from operations

   (3,650)  244,116   2,700   —     243,166    (1,534)  178,109   (1,854)  —     174,721 

Interest expense

   (16,380)  (22,969)  (1)  —     (39,350)   733   (19,155)  —     —     (18,422)

Other income (expense), net

   127,300   134   1,868   (142,456)  (13,154)   115,074   (1,555)  3,578   (114,439)  2,658 
                                

Income (loss) before income taxes

   107,270   221,281   4,567   (142,456)  190,662    114,273   157,399   1,724   (114,439)  158,957 

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

   (13,452)  83,236   156   —     69,940    (456)  45,377   (693)  —     44,228 
                                

Net income (loss)

  $120,722  $138,045  $4,411  $(142,456) $120,722   $114,729  $112,022  $2,417  $(114,439) $114,729 
                                

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information for the Year Ended December 31, 2006

 

   

Westlake

Chemical

Corporation

  

Guarantor

Subsidiaries

  Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Eliminations  Consolidated 

Statement of Cash Flows

      

Cash flows from operating activities

      

Net income (loss)

  $194,559  $152,494  $4,185  $(156,679) $194,559 

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities

      

Depreciation and amortization

   —     83,085   3,177   —     86,262 

Recovery of doubtful accounts

   —     1,287   —     —     1,287 

Loss (gain) from disposition of fixed assets

   —     2,848   —     —     2,848 

Write off of debt issuance cost

   —     3,623   —     —     3,623 

Deferred income taxes

   13,415   —     437   —     13,852 

Equity in income of joint venture

   —     —     (1,766)  —     (1,766)

Net changes in working capital and other

   (134,228)  (83,921)  (2,011)  156,679   (63,481)
                     

Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities

   73,746   159,416   4,022   —     237,184 

Cash flows from investing activities

      

Additions to property, plant and equipment

   —     (133,878)  (2,380)  —     (136,258)

Additions to equity investments

   —     —     (4,574)  —     (4,574)

Acquisition of business

   (235,674)  —     —     —     (235,674)

Purchases of short-term investments

   (216,510)  —     —     —     (216,510)

Sales and maturities of short-term investments

   216,510   —     —     —     216,510 

Settlements of derivative instruments

   —     (28,052)  —     —     (28,052)

Proceeds from deposition of assets

   —     222   —     —     222 
                     

Net cash used for investing activities

   (235,674)  (161,708)  (6,954)  —     (404,336)

Cash flows from financing activities

      

Intercompany financing

   (5,262)  2,232   3,030   —     —   

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

   1,849   —     —     —     1,849 

Dividends paid

   (8,802)  —     —     —     (8,802)

Proceeds from borrowings

   249,185   —     —     —     249,185 

Repayments of borrowings

   (256,000)  —     —     —     (256,000)

Capitalized debt issuance costs

   (4,329)  —     —     —     (4,329)
                     

Net cash used for financing activities

   (23,359)  2,232   3,030   —     (18,097)

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

   (185,287)  (60)  98   —     (185,249)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year

   231,957   151   5,787   —     237,895 
                     

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year

  $46,670  $91  $5,885  $—    $52,646 
                     
   Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
  Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Eliminations  Consolidated 

Statement of Operations

       

Net sales

  $—    $2,445,236  $49,557  $(10,427) $2,484,366 

Cost of sales

   —     2,054,820   43,490   (10,427)  2,087,883 
                     
   —     390,416   6,067   —     396,483 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   1,648   77,995   3,589   —     83,232 
                     

Income (loss) from operations

   (1,648)  312,421   2,478   —     313,251 

Interest expense

   (3,123)  (13,396)  —     —     (16,519)

Other income (expense), net

   139,589   356   2,551   (156,679)  (14,183)
                     

Income (loss) before income taxes

   134,818   299,381   5,029   (156,679)  282,549 

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

   (59,741)  146,887   844   —     87,990 
                     

Net income (loss)

  $194,559  $152,494  $4,185  $(156,679) $194,559 
                     

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information for the Year Ended December 31, 2008

   Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
  Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Eliminations  Consolidated 

Statement of Cash Flows

      

Cash flows from operating activities

      

Net (loss) income

  $(29,543) $(22,353) $(2,987) $25,340  $(29,543)

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities

      

Depreciation and amortization

   954   108,557   3,369   —     112,880 

Provision for (recovery of) doubtful accounts

   —     15,380   (98)  —     15,282 

Stock-based compensation expense

   —     4,034   144   —     4,178 

Loss from disposition of fixed assets

   —     4,900   —     —     4,900 

Deferred income taxes

   (12,921)  —     (958)  —     (13,879)

Equity in income of joint venture

   —     —     (621)  —     (621)

Net changes in working capital and other

   (21,338)  142,773   (3,203)  (25,340)  92,892 
                     

Net cash (used for) provided by operating activities

   (62,848)  253,291   (4,354)  —     186,089 

Cash flows from investing activities

      

Additions to property, plant and equipment

   —     (170,032)  (2,529)  —     (172,561)

Additions to equity investments

   —     —     —     —     —   

Acquisition of business

   —     —     —     —     —   

Settlements of derivative instruments

   —     (199)  —     —     (199)

Proceeds from deposition of assets

   —     808   —     —     808 
                     

Net cash used for investing activities

   —     (169,423)  (2,529)  —     (171,952)

Cash flows from financing activities

      

Intercompany financing

   83,855   (83,895)  40   —     —   

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

   208   —     —     —     208 

Dividends paid

   (13,456)  —     —     —     (13,456)

Proceeds from borrowings

   851,635   —     —     —     851,635 

Repayments of borrowings

   (852,812)  —     —     —     (852,812)

Utilization of restricted cash

   68,248   —     —     —     68,248 

Capitalized debt issuance costs

   (2,635)  —     —     —     (2,635)
                     

Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities

   135,043   (83,895)  40   —     51,188 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

   72,195   (27)  (6,843)  —     65,325 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year

   16,173   96   8,645   —     24,914 
                     

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year

  $88,368  $69  $1,802  $—    $90,239 
                     

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information for the Year Ended December 31, 20052007

 

  

Westlake
Chemical

Corporation

 

Guarantor

Subsidiaries

 Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated   Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
 Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated 

Statement of Cash Flows

            

Cash flows from operating activities

            

Net income (loss)

  $226,817  $224,558  $910  $(225,468) $226,817   $114,729  $112,022  $2,417  $(114,439) $114,729 

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities

            

Depreciation and amortization

   1,456   78,613   2,628   —     82,697    760   100,416   3,098   —     104,274 

Recovery of doubtful accounts

   —     (2,294)  (13)  —     (2,307)   —     127   293   —     420 

Loss (gain) from disposition of fixed assets

   —     4,767   (21)  —     4,746 

Write off of debt issuance cost

   646   —     —     —     646 

Stock-based compensation expense

   —     2,772   101   —     2,873 

Loss from disposition of fixed assets

   —     724   —     —     724 

Deferred income taxes

   (3,923)  49,613   55   —     45,745    5,574   —     (288)  —     5,286 

Equity in income of joint venture

   —     —     (94)  —     (94)   —     —     (2,796)  —     (2,796)

Net changes in working capital and other

   (314,822)  43,754   5,797   225,468   (39,803)   (77,657)  (202,871)  2,745   114,439   (163,344)
                                

Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities

   (89,826)  399,011   9,262   —     318,447 

Net cash provided by operating activities

   43,406   13,190   5,570   —     62,166 

Cash flows from investing activities

            

Additions to property, plant and equipment

   —     (80,286)  (5,474)  —     (85,760)   —     (133,203)  (2,522)  —     (135,725)

Additions to equity investments

   —     —     (1,867)  —     (1,867)   —     —     (308)  —     (308)

Acquisition of business

   8,043   —     —     —     8,043 

Settlements of derivative instruments

   —     2,995   —     —     2,995 

Proceeds from deposition of assets

   —     37   —     —     37    —     190   —     —     190 
                                

Net cash used for investing activities

   —     (80,249)  (7,341)  —     (87,590)

Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities

   8,043   (130,018)  (2,830)  —     (124,805)

Cash flows from financing activities

            

Intercompany financing

   318,829   (318,681)  (148)  —     —      (116,853)  116,833   20   —     —   

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

   1,184   —     —     —     1,184    328   —     —     —     328 

Dividends paid

   (6,342)  —     —     —     (6,342)   (11,778)  —     —     —     (11,778)

Proceeds from borrowings

   326,584   —     —     —     326,584 

Repayments of borrowings

   (31,200)  —     —     —     (31,200)   (325,407)  —     —     —     (325,407)

Utilization of restricted cash

   48,124   —     —     —     48,124 

Capitalized debt issuance costs

   (2,944)  —     —     —     (2,944)
                                

Net cash used for financing activities

   282,471   (318,681)  (148)  —     (36,358)

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

   192,645   81   1,773   —     194,499 

Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities

   (81,946)  116,833   20   —     34,907 

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

   (30,497)  5   2,760   —     (27,732)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year

   39,312   70   4,014   —     43,396    46,670   91   5,885   —     52,646 
                                

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year

  $231,957  $151  $5,787  $—    $237,895   $16,173  $96  $8,645  $—    $24,914 
                                

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information for the Year Ended December 31, 20042006

 

  

Westlake

Chemical

Corporation

 

Guarantor

Subsidiaries

 

Non-Guarantor

Subsidiaries

 Eliminations Consolidated   Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
 Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated 

Statement of Cash Flows

            

Cash flows from operating activities

            

Net income (loss)

  $120,722  $138,045  $4,411  $(142,456) $120,722   $194,559  $152,494  $4,185  $(156,679) $194,559 

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities

            

Depreciation and amortization

   2,097   78,738   2,337   —     83,172    850   83,085   3,177   —     87,112 

Recovery of doubtful accounts

   —     (145)  (311)  —     (456)   —     1,287   —     —     1,287 

Impairment of long-lived assets

   —     1,830   —     —     1,830 

Gain from disposition of fixed assets

   —     (218)  —     —     (218)

Loss from disposition of fixed assets

   —     2,848   —     —     2,848 

Write off of debt issuance cost

   —     3,623   —     —     3,623 

Deferred income taxes

   (13,452)  79,157   (517)  —     65,188    13,415   —     437   —     13,852 

Equity in income of joint venture

   —     —     (1,379)  —     (1,379)   —     —     (1,766)  —     (1,766)

Net changes in working capital and other

   (184,531)  (74,821)  (1,182)  142,456   (118,078)   (135,078)  (83,921)  (2,011)  156,679   (64,331)
                                

Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities

   (75,164)  222,586   3,359   —     150,781 

Net cash provided by operating activities

   73,746   159,416   4,022   —     237,184 

Cash flows from investing activities

            

Additions to property, plant and equipment

   —     (47,945)  (4,765)  —     (52,710)   —     (133,878)  (2,380)  —     (136,258)

Acquisition of operations

   —     (33,294)  —     —     (33,294)

Proceeds from disposition of assets

   —     3,256   —     —     3,256 

Proceeds from insurance claims

   —     2,785   —     —     2,785 

Additions to equity investments

   —     —     (4,574)  —     (4,574)

Acquisition of business

   (235,674)  —     —     —     (235,674)

Purchases of short-term investments

   (216,510)  —     —     —     (216,510)

Sales and maturities of short-term investments

   216,510   —     —     —     216,510 

Settlements of derivative instruments

   —     (28,052)  —     —     (28,052)

Proceeds from deposition of assets

   —     222   —     —     222 
                                

Net cash used for investing activities

   —     (75,198)  (4,765)  —     (79,963)   (235,674)  (161,708)  (6,954)  —     (404,336)

Cash flows from financing activities

            

Intercompany financing

   147,178   (147,362)  184   —     —      (5,262)  2,232   3,030   —     —   

Proceeds from issuance of stock

   181,167   —     —     —     181,167 

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

   1,849   —     —     —     1,849 

Dividends paid

   (1,379)  —     —     —     (1,379)   (8,802)  —     —     —     (8,802)

Proceeds from affiliate borrowings

   336   —     —     —     336 

Repayments of affiliate borrowings

   (5,727)  —     —     —     (5,727)

Proceeds from borrowings

   249,185   —     —     —     249,185 

Repayments of borrowings

   (239,200)  —     —     —     (239,200)   (256,000)  —     —     —     (256,000)

Capitalized debt issuance costs

   (4,329)  —     —     —     (4,329)
                                

Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities

   82,375   (147,362)  184   —     (64,803)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

   7,211   26   (1,222)  —     6,015 

Net cash used for financing activities

   (23,359)  2,232   3,030   —     (18,097)

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

 �� (185,287)  (60)  98   —     (185,249)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year

   32,101   44   5,236   —     37,381    231,957   151   5,787   —     237,895 
                                

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year

  $39,312  $70  $4,014  $—    $43,396   $46,670  $91  $5,885  $—    $52,646 
                                

WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

20.21. Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)

 

   Three Months Ended
   March 31,
2006
  June 30,
2006
  September 30,
2006
  December 31,
2006(2)

Net sales

  $618,779  $669,267  $672,417  $523,903

Gross profit

   131,058   125,212   109,176   31,037

Income from operations

   110,879   106,853   87,011   8,508

Net income

   51,337   67,169   61,656   14,397

Basic and diluted earnings per common share(1)

  $0.79  $1.03  $0.95  $0.22

   Three Months Ended
   March 31,
2005
  June 30,
2005
  September 30,
2005
  December 31,
2005

Net sales

  $618,616  $580,659  $605,391  $636,439

Gross profit

   119,783   99,480   89,264   135,104

Income from operations

   101,708   82,763   70,062   112,500

Net income

   61,143   48,526   43,526   73,622

Basic earnings per common share(1)

  $0.94  $0.75  $0.67  $1.13

Diluted earnings per common share(1)

  $0.94  $0.74  $0.67  $1.13

(1)EPS for each quarter is computed using the weighted average shares outstanding during that quarter, while EPS for the year is computed using the weighted-average shares outstanding during the year. Thus, the sum of the EPS for each of the four quarters may not equal the EPS for the year.
   Three Months Ended 
   March 31,
2008
  June 30,
2008
  September 30,
2008
  December 31,
2008(1)
 

Net sales

  $915,061  $1,106,449  $1,073,735  $597,108 

Gross profit (loss)

   36,704   96,460   71,787   (135,583)

Income from operations

   13,859   73,576   48,788   (165,763)

Net income (loss)

   5,387   47,273   27,364   (109,567)

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share(2)

  $0.08  $0.72  $0.42  $(1.68)
   Three Months Ended 
   March 31,
2007
  June 30,
2007
  September 30,
2007
  December 31,
2007(1)
 

Net sales

  $718,802  $782,664  $840,160  $850,552 

Gross profit

   57,889   84,431   86,060   43,020 

Income from operations

   32,666   62,279   59,755   20,021 

Net income

   19,672   37,890   38,341   18,826 

Basic and diluted earnings per common share

  $0.30  $0.58  $0.59  $0.29 

 

(2)(1)See the “Results of Operations” section of Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, for a discussion of the 2006 results, including a discussion of the reduced profitability in the fourth quarter.2008 and 2007 results.

 

(2)Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share (“EPS”) for each quarter is computed using the weighted average shares outstanding during that quarter, while EPS for the year is computed using the weighted average shares outstanding for the year. As a result, the sum of the EPS for each of the four quarters may not equal the EPS for the year.

Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

 

Item 9A.Controls and Procedures

Disclosure, Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer (our principal executive officer) and our Senior Vice President, and Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (our principal financial officer), of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K. This assessment excludes Westlake Longview Corporation as permitted and discussed in Westlake’s management’s report on internal control over financial reporting which appears on page 41 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the course of this evaluation, management considered certain internal control areas in which we have made and are continuing to make changes to improve and enhance controls. Based upon that evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Senior Vice President, and Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of December 31, 2006 with respect2008 to the recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, ofprovide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 20062008 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Westlake’s management’s report on internal control over financial reporting appears on page 4145 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has also audited management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006 and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006,2008, as stated in their report that appears on page 4246 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Item 9B.Other Information

None.

PART III

 

Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

Pursuant to Item 401(b) of Regulation S-K, the information required by this item with respect to our executive officers is set forth in Part I of this Form 10-K.

 

Item 11.Executive Compensation.

On February 23, 2007,12, 2009, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of Westlake set 20072009 base salaries and bonus targets for certain executive officers of the Company (and determined the amount of 20062008 bonuses payable in 20072009 to such executive officers). Exhibit 10.25 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference, sets forth the 2007 base salary and target bonus amounts (and the 2006 bonuses payable) to such executive officers.

 

Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

 

Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, Director Independence.

 

Item 14.Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

The information required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement, which will be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act within 120 days of December 31, 2006.2008.

PART IV

 

Item 15.Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 

(a)(1)The financial statements listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K are filed as part of this Form 10-K.

 

(a)(2)The following schedule is presented as required. All other schedules are omitted because the information is not applicable, not required, or has been furnished in the Consolidated Financial Statements or Notes thereto in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Financial Statement Schedule

SCHEDULE II

VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

(dollars in thousands)

 

Accounts Receivable Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

  

Balance at

Beginning

of Year

  Charged
to Expense(2)
  

Additions/

(Deductions)(1)

  

Balance at

End of

Year

2006

  $3,460  $1,287  $(1,460) $3,287

2005

   6,106   (2,307)  (339)  3,460

2004

   6,901   (456)  (339)  6,106

Accounts Receivable Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

  Balance at
Beginning
of Year
  Charged
to Expense
  Additions/
(Deductions)(1)
  Balance at
End of
Year

2008

  $3,546  $15,282  $(4,390) $14,438

2007

  $3,287  $420  $(161) $3,546

2006

  $3,460  $1,287  $(1,460) $3,287

Inventory Allowance for Inventory Obsolescence

  Balance at
Beginning
of Year
  Charged to
Expense
  Additions/
(Deductions)(2)
  Balance at
End of
Year

2008

  $7,901  $2,063  $(1,653) $8,311

2007

  $7,940  $177  $(216) $7,901

2006

  $8,110  $43  $(213) $7,940

(1)AccountsPrimarily accounts receivable written off during the period.

 

(2)The credit to expense in 2005 relates primarily to the July 5, 2005 settlement agreement with Goodrich (see Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements).

Inventory Allowance for Inventory Obsolescence

  

Balance at

Beginning

of Year

  

Charged to

Expense

  

Additions/

(Deductions)(1)

  

Balance at

End of

Year

2006

  $8,110  $43  $(213) $7,940

2005

   8,507   377   (774)  8,110

2004

   8,289   886   (668)  8,507

(1)Inventory written off during the period.

(a)(3) Exhibits

 

Exhibit No.

  

Exhibit

  2.1  Acquisition Agreement dated as of October 9, 2006 by and between Westlake Longview Corporation (formerly Westlake NG II Corporation) and Eastman Chemical Company (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 12, 2006).
  3.1  Certificate of Incorporation of Westlake as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on August 6, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed on August 9, 2004).
  3.2  Bylaws of Westlake (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed on August 9, 2004).
  4.1  Indenture dated as of July 31, 2003 by and among Westlake, the guarantors named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, as trustee, relating to 8 3/4% senior notes due 2011 (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed on September 22, 2003).
  4.2Form of 8 3/4% senior notes due 2011 (included in Exhibit 4.1).
  4.3Supplemental Indenture dated as of August 17, 2004 by and among Westlake International Corporation, Westlake Technology Corporation, Westlake, the other Guarantors and JPMorgan Chase Bank (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 12, 2004).
  4.4Indenture dated as of January 1, 2006 by and among Westlake, the potential subsidiary guarantors listed therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 13, 2006).
  4.54.2  First Supplemental Indenture dated as of January 13, 2006 by and among Westlake, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 13, 2006).
  4.64.3  

Form of 6 5/8% senior notes due 2016 (included in Exhibit 4.5).

Westlake and the guarantors are party to other long-term debt instruments not filed herewith under which the total amount of securities authorized does not exceed 10% of the total assets of Westlake and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Pursuant to paragraph 4(iii)(A) of Item 601(b) of Regulation S-K, Westlake agrees to furnish a copy of such instruments to the SEC upon request.

  4.4Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 1, 2007, among the Company, the Subsidiary Guarantors (as defined therein) and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 18, 2007).
  4.5Form of 6 3/4% senior notes due 2032 (included in exhibit 4.4).
  4.6Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 31, 2007, among the Company, WPT LLC, Westlake Polymers LLC, Westlake Petrochemicals LLC, Westlake Styrene LLC, the other subsidiary guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A. related to the 65/8% senior notes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).
  4.7Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 31, 2007, among the Company, WPT LLC, Westlake Polymers LLC, Westlake Petrochemicals LLC, Westlake Styrene LLC, the other subsidiary guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A. related to the 6 3/4% senior notes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).
10.1  Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of July 31, 2003 (the “RevolvingSeptember 8, 2008 (“the Revolving Credit Agreement”) by and among the financial institutions party thereto, as lenders, Bank of America, N.A., as agent, Westlake and certain of its domestic subsidiaries, as borrowers relating to a $200 million senior secured revolving credit facility (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed on November 21, 2003).
10.2First Amendment to Revolving Credit Agreement, dated September 30, 2004, by and among Westlake, as borrower, certain of its subsidiaries, as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as agent and the lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 12, 2004).
10.3Second Amendment and Waiver, dated February 24, 2004, to Revolving Credit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2003, filed on March 26, 2004).
10.4Third Amendment and Waiver, dated June 22, 2004, to Revolving Credit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed on July 19, 2004).
10.5Fourth Amendment, dated November 30, 2004, to Revolving Credit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2004, filed on March 16, 2005).

Exhibit No.

Exhibit

10.6Fifth Amendment to Revolving Credit Agreement dated as of January 6, 2006 by and among Westlake,Chemical Corporation, certain of its domestic subsidiaries, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as agent for lenders, and lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Westlake’s AnnualCurrent Report on Form 10-K for 2005,8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 23, 2006)September 11, 2008).
10.710.2  Sixth AmendmentFirst amendment to the Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of March 24, 2006February 5, 2009, by and among Westlake Chemical Corporation, certain of its domestic subsidiaries, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as agent for lenders, and lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s QuarterlyCurrent Report on Form 10-Q,8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2006)February 9, 2009).

10.8

Exhibit No.

  Amendment, Assignment and Acceptance Agreement dated as of September 22, 2003 among Bank of America, N.A., the financial institutions party thereto, Westlake and certain of its domestic subsidiaries, amending the Revolving Credit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-4/A, filed on November 21, 2003).

Exhibit

10.9Joinder Agreement by Westlake Technology Corporation and Bank of America dated August 31, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 12, 2004).
10.10Joinder Agreement by Westlake International Corporation and Bank of America dated August 31, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 12, 2004).
10.11Credit Agreement dated as of July 31, 2003 by and among Westlake, as borrower, certain of its subsidiaries, as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as agent and the lenders party thereto relating to a $120 million senior secured term loan (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed on November 21, 2003).
10.12+10.3+  Westlake Group Performance Unit Plan effective January 1, 1991 (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed on September 22, 2003).
10.13+Agreement with Warren Wilder dated December 10, 1999 (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed on September 22, 2003).
10.14+10.4+  EVA Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed on September 22, 2003).
10.15+10.5+  Agreement with Stephen Wallace dated November 5, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2003, filed on March 26, 2004).
10.16+10.6+  Agreement with Wayne D. Morse effective January 1, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed on May 24, 2004).
10.17+10.7+  Westlake Chemical Corporation 2004 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed on August 9, 2004).
10.1810.8  Form of Registration Rights Agreement between Westlake and TTWF LP (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed on July 2, 2004 ).
10.19+10.9+  Form of Employee Nonqualified Option Award Letter Agreement (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2004, filed on March 16, 2005).
10.20+10.10+  Form of Employee Nonqualified Option Award (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2004, filed on March 16, 2005).
10.21+10.11+  Form of Director Option Award Letter (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2004, filed on March 16, 2005).
10.22+10.12+  Form of Director Option Award (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2004, filed on March 16, 2005).

Exhibit No.

Exhibit

10.23+10.13+  Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2004, filed on March 16, 2005).
10.24+Schedule of Cash Compensation for Non-Employee Directors (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 24, 2006).
10.25†+Executive Officer Compensation Schedule.
10.26+10.15+  Form of Restricted Stock Award letter granted effective as of August 31, 2005, to Directors (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 15, 2005).
10.27+10.16+  Form of Restricted Stock Award letter granted effective as of August 31, 2005, to Named Executive Officers (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 15, 2005).
10.28+10.17+  Form of Award letter for stock options granted effective as of August 31, 2005, to Named Executive Officers (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 15, 2005).
10.29+10.18+  Form of Restricted Stock Award granted effective as of March 15, 2006, to Named Executive Officers (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 22, 2006).
10.30+10.19+  Form of Award Letter for Stock Options granted effective as of March 15, 2006, to Named Executive Officers (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 22, 2006).
10.31+Offer letter to Mr. Gibbons dated March 16, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 28, 2006).
10.32+10.20+  Form of Award Letter for Stock Options granted effective as of August 21, 2006, to Non-Management Directors (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 24, 2006).

10.33+

Exhibit No.

Exhibit

10.21+  Form of Restricted Stock Award granted effective as of August 21, 2006, to Non-Management Directors (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 24, 2006).
1410.22+  CodeForm of EthicsRestricted Stock Award Letter for Special February 2007 Awards (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s AnnualCurrent Report on Form 10-K for 2003,8-K, filed on March 26, 2004)1, 2007).
10.23+Form of Stock Option Award Letter for Special February 2007 Awards (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 1, 2007).
10.24Loan Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2007, by and between the Company and the Louisiana Local Government Environmental Facilities and Community Development Authority (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 18, 2007).
21†  Subsidiaries of Westlake.
23.1†  Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
31.1†  Rule 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a) Certification (Principal Executive Officer).
31.2†  Rule 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a) Certification (Principal Financial Officer).
32.1†  Section 1350 Certification (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer).


Filed herewith.

 

+Management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

 WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

Date: February 26, 2007

19, 2009
 

/S/s/    ALBERT CHAO        

 Albert Chao, President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

  

Title

 

Date

/s/    ALBERT CHAO        

Albert Chao

  

President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal (Principal Executive Officer)

 February 26, 200719, 2009

/s/    M. STEVEN BENDER        

M. Steven Bender

  

Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer &and Treasurer

(Principal (Principal Financial Officer)

 February 26, 200719, 2009

/s/    GEORGE J. MANGIERI        

George J. Mangieri

  

Vice President and Controller
(PrincipalChief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)

 February 26, 200719, 2009

/s/    JAMES CHAO        

James Chao

  

Chairman of the Board of Directors

 February 26, 200719, 2009

/s/    ALBERT CHAO        

Albert Chao

  

Director

 February 26, 2007
Albert Chao19, 2009

/s/    E. WILLIAM BARNETT        

E. William Barnett

  

Director

 February 26, 2007
E. William Barnett19, 2009

/s/    ROBERT T. BLAKELY        

Robert T. Blakely

  

Director

 February 26, 2007
Robert T. Blakely19, 2009

/s/    DOROTHY C. JENKINS        

Dorothy C. Jenkins

  

Director

 February 26, 2007
Dorothy C. Jenkins19, 2009

/s/    MAX L. LUKENS        

Max L. Lukens

  

Director

 February 26, 200719, 2009

Max L. Lukens/s/    H. JOHN RILEY, JR.        

H. John Riley, Jr.

  

Director

 February 19, 2009

Exhibit Index

 

Exhibit No.

  

Exhibit

2.1  Acquisition Agreement dated as of October 9, 2006 by and between Westlake Longview Corporation (formerly Westlake NG II Corporation) and Eastman Chemical Company (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 12, 2006).
3.1  Certificate of Incorporation of Westlake as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on August 6, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed on August 9, 2004).
3.2  Bylaws of Westlake (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed on August 9, 2004).
4.1Indenture dated as of July 31, 2003 by and among Westlake, the guarantors named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, as trustee, relating to 8 3/4% senior notes due 2011 (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed on September 22, 2003).
  4.2Form of 8 3/4% senior notes due 2011 (included in Exhibit 4.1).
  4.3Supplemental Indenture dated as of August 17, 2004 by and among Westlake International Corporation, Westlake Technology Corporation, Westlake, the other Guarantors and JPMorgan Chase Bank (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 12, 2004).
  4.4  Indenture dated as of January 1, 2006 by and among Westlake, the potential subsidiary guarantors listed therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 13, 2006).
  4.54.2  First Supplemental Indenture dated as of January 13, 2006 by and among Westlake, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 13, 2006).
  4.64.3  

Form of 6 5/8% senior notes due 2016 (included in Exhibit 4.5).

Westlake and the guarantors are party to other long-term debt instruments not filed herewith under which the total amount of securities authorized does not exceed 10% of the total assets of Westlake and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Pursuant to paragraph 4(iii)(A) of Item 601(b) of Regulation S-K, Westlake agrees to furnish a copy of such instruments to the SEC upon request.

4.4Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 1, 2007, among the Company, the Subsidiary Guarantors (as defined therein) and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 18, 2007).
4.5Form of 6 3/4% senior notes due 2032 (included in exhibit 4.4).
4.6Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 31, 2007, among the Company, WPT LLC, Westlake Polymers LLC, Westlake Petrochemicals LLC, Westlake Styrene LLC, the other subsidiary guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A. related to the 65/8% senior notes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).
4.7Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 31, 2007, among the Company, WPT LLC, Westlake Polymers LLC, Westlake Petrochemicals LLC, Westlake Styrene LLC, the other subsidiary guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A. related to the 6 3/4% senior notes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).
10.1  Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of July 31, 2003 (the “RevolvingSeptember 8, 2008 (“the Revolving Credit Agreement”) by and among the financial institutions party thereto, as lenders, Bank of America, N.A., as agent, Westlake and certain of its domestic subsidiaries, as borrowers relating to a $200 million senior secured revolving credit facility (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed on November 21, 2003).
10.2First Amendment to Revolving Credit Agreement, dated September 30, 2004, by and among Westlake, as borrower, certain of its subsidiaries, as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as agent and the lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 12, 2004).
10.3Second Amendment and Waiver, dated February 24, 2004, to Revolving Credit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2003, filed on March 26, 2004).
10.4Third Amendment and Waiver, dated June 22, 2004, to Revolving Credit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed on July 19, 2004).
10.5Fourth Amendment, dated November 30, 2004, to Revolving Credit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2004, filed on March 16, 2005).

Exhibit No.

Exhibit

10.6Fifth Amendment to Revolving Credit Agreement dated as of January 6, 2006 by and among Westlake,Chemical Corporation, certain of its domestic subsidiaries, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as agent for lenders, and lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Westlake’s AnnualCurrent Report on Form 10-K for 2005,8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 23, 2006)September 11, 2008).
10.710.2  Sixth AmendmentFirst amendment to the Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of March 24, 2006February 5, 2009, by and among Westlake Chemical Corporation, certain of its domestic subsidiaries, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as agent for lenders, and lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s QuarterlyCurrent Report on Form 10-Q,8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2006)February 9, 2009).

10.8

Exhibit No.

  Amendment, Assignment and Acceptance Agreement dated as of September 22, 2003 among Bank of America, N.A., the financial institutions party thereto, Westlake and certain of its domestic subsidiaries, amending the Revolving Credit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-4/A, filed on November 21, 2003).

Exhibit

10.9Joinder Agreement by Westlake Technology Corporation and Bank of America dated August 31, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 12, 2004).
10.10Joinder Agreement by Westlake International Corporation and Bank of America dated August 31, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 12, 2004).
10.11Credit Agreement dated as of July 31, 2003 by and among Westlake, as borrower, certain of its subsidiaries, as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as agent and the lenders party thereto relating to a $120 million senior secured term loan (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed on November 21, 2003).
10.12+10.3+  Westlake Group Performance Unit Plan effective January 1, 1991 (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed on September 22, 2003).
10.13+Agreement with Warren Wilder dated December 10, 1999 (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed on September 22, 2003).
10.14+10.4+  EVA Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed on September 22, 2003).
10.15+10.5+  Agreement with Stephen Wallace dated November 5, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2003, filed on March 26, 2004).
10.16+10.6+  Agreement with Wayne D. Morse effective January 1, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed on May 24, 2004).
10.17+10.7+  Westlake Chemical Corporation 2004 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed on August 9, 2004).
10.1810.8  Form of Registration Rights Agreement between Westlake and TTWF LP (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed on July 2, 2004 ).
10.19+10.9+  Form of Employee Nonqualified Option Award Letter Agreement (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2004, filed on March 16, 2005).
10.20+10.10+  Form of Employee Nonqualified Option Award (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2004, filed on March 16, 2005).
10.21+10.11+  Form of Director Option Award Letter (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2004, filed on March 16, 2005).
10.22+10.12+  Form of Director Option Award (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2004, filed on March 16, 2005).

Exhibit No.

Exhibit

10.23+10.13+  Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2004, filed on March 16, 2005).
10.24+Schedule of Cash Compensation for Non-Employee Directors (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 24, 2006).
10.25†+Executive Officer Compensation Schedule.
10.26+10.15+  Form of Restricted Stock Award letter granted effective as of August 31, 2005, to Directors (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 15, 2005).
10.27+10.16+  Form of Restricted Stock Award letter granted effective as of August 31, 2005, to Named Executive Officers (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 15, 2005).
10.28+10.17+  Form of Award letter for stock options granted effective as of August 31, 2005, to Named Executive Officers (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 15, 2005).
10.29+10.18+  Form of Restricted Stock Award granted effective as of March 15, 2006, to Named Executive Officers (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 22, 2006).
10.30+10.19+  Form of Award Letter for Stock Options granted effective as of March 15, 2006, to Named Executive Officers (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 22, 2006).
10.31+Offer letter to Mr. Gibbons dated March 16, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 28, 2006).
10.32+10.20+  Form of Award Letter for Stock Options granted effective as of August 21, 2006, to Non-Management Directors (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 24, 2006).

10.33+

Exhibit No.

Exhibit

10.21+  Form of Restricted Stock Award granted effective as of August 21, 2006, to Non-Management Directors (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 24, 2006).
1410.22+  CodeForm of EthicsRestricted Stock Award Letter for Special February 2007 Awards (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s AnnualCurrent Report on Form 10-K for 2003,8-K, filed on March 26, 2004)1, 2007).
10.23+
Form of Stock Option Award Letter for Special February 2007 Awards (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 1, 2007).
10.24Loan Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2007, by and between the Company and the Louisiana Local Government Environmental Facilities and Community Development Authority (incorporated by reference to Westlake’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 18, 2007).
21†  Subsidiaries of Westlake.
23.1†  Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
31.1†  Rule 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a) Certification (Principal Executive Officer).
31.2†  Rule 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a) Certification (Principal Financial Officer).
32.1†  Section 1350 Certification (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer).


Filed herewith.

 

+Management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement.

 

92