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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington D.C. 20549

_____________________
FORM10-K

_____________________
Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017    

2022

Commission File Number0-10661

TriCo Bancshares

_____________________
tcbk-20221231_g1.jpg
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

_____________________
California94-2792841

(State or other jurisdiction
of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer


Identification No.)

63 Constitution Drive, Chico, California95973
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:(530)898-0300

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Common Stock, without par value

Nasdaq Global Select Market

(Title of Class)each classTrading Symbol(s)(Name of each exchange on which registered)registered
Common StockTCBKNASDAQ

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

__________________
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    ☐
  Yes              No

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
  Yes             No

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter periods that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
  Yes              No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of RegulationS-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
  Yes              No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of RegulationS-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of the Form10-K or any amendment to this Form10-K.    ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer,non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “accelerated filer”, “large accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.            ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.                     ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b)    ☐                        

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.                                     ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined inRule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
☐  Yes           ☒  No

The aggregate market value of the voting common stock held bynon-affiliates of the Registrant, as of June 30, 2017,2022, was approximately $712,127,000 (based on the closing sales price of the Registrant’s common stock on the date). This computation excludes a total of 2,665,409 shares that are beneficially owned by the officers and directors of Registrant who may be deemed to be the affiliates of Registrant under applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

$1,410,053,000.

The number of shares outstanding of Registrant’s common stock, as of February 23, 2018,24, 2023, was 22,956,323.

33,300,319.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The information required to be disclosed pursuant to Part III of this report either shall be (i) deemed to be incorporated by reference from selected portions of the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the 2018 annual meeting of shareholders to be held on May 18, 2023, if such proxy statement is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the Registrants’sRegistrant’s most recently completed fiscal year, or (ii) included in an amendment to this report filed with the Commission on Form 10-K/A not later than the end of such 120 day period.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

period.
Page
Number



Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

Page Number

2

Risk Factors9

Item 1B

Unresolved Staff Comments19

Item 2

Properties19

Item 3

Legal Proceedings20

Item 4

Mine Safety Disclosures20

PART II

21

23

24

54

54

105
Item 9C

Controls and Procedures105

Item 9B

Other Information105

PART III

106

106

106

106

Principal Accountant Fees and Services106

PART IV

Item 16106

109




Table of Contents
GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND TERMS

The following listing provides a comprehensive reference of common acronyms and terms used throughout the document:

ACLAllowance for Credit Losses
AFSAvailable-for-Sale
AOCIAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income
ASCAccounting Standards Codification
CARESCoronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act
CDsCertificates of Deposit
CDICore Deposit Intangible
CECLCurrent Expected Credit Loss
COVID-19Coronavirus Disease
CRECommercial Real Estate
CMOCollateralized mortgage obligation
DFPIState Department of Financial Protection and Innovation
FASBFinancial Accounting Standards Board
FDICFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FHLBFederal Home Loan Bank
FRBFederal Reserve Board
FTEFully taxable equivalent
GAAPGenerally Accepted Accounting Principles (United States of America)
HELOCHome equity line of credit
HTMHeld-to-Maturity
LIBORLondon Interbank Offered Rate
NIMNet interest margin
NPANonperforming assets
OCIOther comprehensive income
PCDPurchase Credit Deteriorated
PPPPaycheck Protection Program
ROUARight-of-Use Asset
RSURestricted Stock Unit
SBASmall Business Administration
SERPSupplemental Executive Retirement Plan
SFRSingle Family Residence
SOFTSecured Overnight Financing Rate
TDRTroubled Debt Restructuring
VRBValley Republic Bancorp
XBRLeXtensible Business Reporting Language


Table of Contents
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

In addition to historical information, this Annual Report on Form10-K contains forward-looking statements about TriCo Bancshares (the “Company,” “TriCo” or “we”) and its subsidiaries for which it claims the protection of the safe harbor provisions contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are based on the current knowledge and belief of the Company’s management (“Management”) and include information concerning the Company’s possible or assumed future financial condition and results of operations. When you see any of the words “believes”, “expects”, “anticipates”, “estimates”, or similar expressions, these generally indicate that we are making forward-looking statements. A number of factors, some of which are beyond the Company’s ability to predict or control, could cause future results to differ materially from those contemplated.

Forward looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and are generally beyond our control. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be the same as those anticipated by management. We caution readers that a number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied or projected by, such forward-looking statements. These factorsrisks and uncertainties include, thosebut are not limited to, the following: the strength of the United States economy in general and the strength of the local economies in which we conduct operations; the effects of, and changes in, trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including interest rate policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; inflation, interest rate, market and monetary fluctuations impacts on our business condition and financial operating results; the impact of changes in financial services industry policies, laws and regulations; regulatory restrictions on our ability to successfully market and price our products to consumers; technological changes; weather, natural disasters, climate change and other catastrophic events and their effects on economic and business environments in we operate; the continuing adverse impact on the U.S. economy, including the markets in which we operate due to the COVID-19 global pandemic; the impact of a slowing U.S. economy and increased unemployment on the performance of our loan portfolio, the market value of our investment securities, the availability of sources of funding and the demand for our products; adverse developments with respect to U.S. or global economic conditions and other uncertainties, including the impact of supply chain disruptions, commodities prices, inflationary pressures and labor shortages on the economic recovery and our business; the impacts of international hostilities, terrorism or geopolitical events; the costs or effects of mergers, acquisitions or dispositions we may make, as well as whether we are able to obtain any required governmental approvals in connection with any such mergers, acquisitions or dispositions, identify and complete favorable transactions in the future, and/or realize the contemplated financial business benefits associated with any such activities; the regulatory and financial impacts associated with exceeding $10 billion in total assets; the negative impact on our reputation and profitability in the event customers experience economic harm or in the event that regulatory violations are identified; the ability to execute our business plan in new lending markets; the future operating or financial performance of the Company, including our outlook for future growth and changes in the level and direction of our nonperforming assets and charge-offs; the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses, including the effects of the implementation of the current expected credit losses model; any deterioration in values of California real estate, both residential and commercial; the effectiveness of the Company's asset management activities in improving, resolving or liquidating lower-quality assets; the effect of changes in the financial performance and/or condition of our borrowers; changes in accounting standards and practices; possible other-than-temporary impairment of securities held by us due to changes in credit quality or rates; changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits; our ability to attract and maintain deposits and other sources of liquidity; the effects of changes in the level or cost of checking or savings account deposits on our funding costs and net interest margin; our noninterest expense and the efficiency ratio; competition and innovation with respect to financial products and services by banks, financial institutions and non-traditional providers including retail businesses and technology companies; the challenges of attracting, integrating and retaining key employees; the costs and effects of litigation and of unexpected or adverse outcomes in such litigation; the vulnerability of the Company's operational or security systems, networks or infrastructure, the systems of third-party vendors or other service providers with whom the Company contracts, and the Company's customers to unauthorized access, computer viruses, phishing schemes, spam attacks, human error, natural disasters, power loss and data/security breaches and the cost to defend against and remediate such incidents; increased data security risks due to work from home arrangements; failure to safeguard personal information; changes to U.S. tax policies, including our effective income tax rate; the effect of a fall or volatility in stock market prices on our brokerage and wealth management businesses; the transition away from LIBOR toward new interest rate benchmarks; and our ability to manage the risks involved in the foregoing. See also factors listed at Item 1A Risk Factors, in this report.


Annualized, pro forma, projections and estimates are not forecasts and may not reflect actual results. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made and are based on information available at that time. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and the Company does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the date the forward-looking statements are made, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

otherwise, except as required by federal securities laws. As forward-looking statements involve significant risks and uncertainties, caution should be exercised against placing undue reliance on such statements.





Table of Contents
PART I

ITEM 1.    BUSINESS

Information about TriCo Bancshares’ Business

Overview
TriCo Bancshares is a registered bank holding company incorporated in California in 1981 and registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHC Act”). The Company’sTriCo's principal business is to serve as the holding company for our wholly-owned subsidiary, is Tri Counties Bank, a California-chartered commercial bank (the “Bank”). The Bank offers banking services to retail customersTriCo is a California corporation and small tomedium-sized businesses through 57 traditional branches, 9in-store branches and 2 loan production officeswas incorporated in northern and central California and had total assets of approximately $4.76 billion at December 31, 2017. The Bank’s deposits are insured by1981. Our common stock is traded on the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) up to applicable limits. See “Business of Tri Counties Bank”Nasdaq Global Select Market under the trading symbol "TCBK". The Company and the Bank are headquartered in Chico, California.

As a bank holding company, TriCo is subject to the supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “FRB”) under the BHC Act. The Bank is subject to the supervision of the California Department of Business OversightFinancial Protection & Innovation (the “DBO”“DFPI”) and the FDIC.Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the "FDIC"). See “Regulation and Supervision.”

In addition, TriCo has five capital trusts, which are all wholly-owned trust subsidiaries formed for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities (“Trust Preferred Securities”) and lending the proceeds to TriCo. For more information regarding the trust preferred securities please refer to Note 17, “Junior“Note 14 – Junior Subordinated Debt” to the financial statements at Item 8 of this report.

Additional Information
Additional information concerning the Company can be found on our website at www.tcbk.com. Copies of our annual reports on Form10-K, quarterly reports on Form10-Q, current reports on Form8-K and amendments to these reports are available free of charge through the investors relations page of our website, www.tcbk.com,www.tcbk.com/about/investor-relations, as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company files these reports with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The information on our website is not part this annual report.

Business of


Tri Counties Bank

The Bank was incorporated as aorganized in 1975 and had total assets of approximately $9.9 billion at December 31, 2022. Based in Chico, California, the Bank offers an extensive and competitive breadth of consumer, small business and commercial banking corporation on June 26, 1974,services through its network of stand-alone and received its certificate of authority to conduct banking operations on March 11, 1975.in-store branches in communities throughout California. The Bank engages infocuses on relationships and personal contact, emphasizing its Service with Solutions ®. In addition to its California community bank network, the general commercialBank provides advanced online and mobile banking, business in 26 counties in Northerna shared nationwide network of over 37,000 ATMs, and Central California.

bankers available by phone 7 days per week.

The Bank conductsprovides a breadth of personal, small business and commercial banking businessfinancial services including accepting demand, savings and time deposits and making small business, commercial, real estate, and consumer loans. It also offers installment note collection, issues cashier’s checks, sells travelers checks and provides safe deposit boxesloans, as well as a range of Treasury Management Services and other customary banking services.services including safe deposit boxes at some branches. Brokerage services are provided at the Bank’s offices by Tri Counties Wealth Management Advisors through the Bank’s arrangement with Raymond James Financial Services, Inc., an independent financial services provider and broker-dealer.
The Bank does not offer trustoffers a variety of banking and financial services to both personal, small business and commercial customers. In many instances the owners or international banking services.

The Bank has emphasized retail banking since it opened. Moststakeholders of the Bank’sbusiness and commercial customers are also personal customers. The industries that we serve are diverse in both number and type and include, but are not limited to, manufacturing, real estate development, retail, customerswholesale, transportation, agriculture, commerce, and small tomedium-sized businesses. The Bank emphasizes serving the needs of local businesses, farmers and ranchers, retired individuals and wage earners.professional services. The majority of the Bank’s loans are direct loans made to individuals and businesses in Northern and Central California where its branches or business lending centers are located. At December 31, 2017, the total of2022, the Bank’s consumer loans net of deferred fees outstanding was $356,874,000 (11.8%were $1,240,743,000 (19.2%), the total of commercial and industrial loans outstanding was $220,412,000 (7.3%were $569,921,000 (8.8%), real estate construction loans of $211,560,000 (3.3%), and the total ofcommercial real estate loans including construction loanswere $4,359,083,000 (67.6%) of $137,557,000 was $2,437,879,000 (80.9%).total loans. The Bank takes real estate, listed and unlisted securities, savings and time deposits, automobiles, machinery, equipment, inventory, accounts receivable and notes receivable secured by property as collateral for loans.

Most of the Bank’s deposits are attracted from individuals and business-related sources. No single person or group of persons provides a material portion of the Bank’s deposits, the loss of any one or more of which would have a materially adverse effect on the business of the Bank, nor is a material portion of the Bank’s loans concentrated within a single industry or group of related industries.

Proposed


Merger with FNBValley Republic Bancorp


On December 11, 2017,March 25, 2022, the Company and FNBcompleted its acquisition of Valley Republic Bancorp, (“FNBB”), enteredincluding the merger of Valley Republic Bank into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization (the “Merger Agreement”) pursuant to which FNBB will be merged with and into TriCo, with TriCo as the surviving corporation (the “Merger”). The Merger Agreement provides that immediately after the Merger, FNBB’s bank subsidiary, First National Bank of Northern California (“First National Bank”), will merge with and into TriCo’s bank subsidiary, Tri Counties Bank, with Tri Counties Bank as the surviving bank (the “Bank Merger”). The Merger and Bank Merger are collectively referred to asentity, in accordance with the “Proposed Transaction.”

2


The Merger Agreement provides that each share of FNBB common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger will be canceled and converted into the right to receive 0.98 shares of TriCo common stock (the “Exchange Ratio”), with cash paid in lieu of fractional shares of TriCo common stock.

Based on the closing price of TriCo common stock of $41.64 on December 8, 2017, the consideration value was $40.81 per share of FNBB common stock or approximately $315.3 million in aggregate. The valueterms of the merger consideration will fluctuate until closingagreement dated as of July 27, 2021. The cash and stock transaction was valued at approximately $174.0 million in aggregate, based on TriCo's closing stock price of $42.48 on March 25, 2022. Under the value of TriCo’s stock and subject to a trading collar in certain circumstances. Upon consummationterms of the Merger,merger agreement, the shareholdersCompany issued approximately 4.1 million shares, in addition to approximately $431,000 in cash paid out for settlement of FNBB will own approximately 24% ofstock option awards at VRB. VRB was headquartered in Bakersfield, California, and had four branch locations in and around Bakersfield, and a loan production office in Fresno, California. The Bank's overlapping Bakersfield branch was consolidated into the combined company.

The consummation ofacquired VRB branch during the Merger is subject to a number of conditions, which include: (i) the approval of the Merger Agreement by FNBB’s shareholdersquarter ended June 30, 2022, and the approval of the Merger Agreement and the issuance of shares of TriCo common stock by TriCo’s shareholders; (ii) as of the closing of the Merger, FNBB shall have tangible common equity of not less than $119.0 million, subject to credit for certain merger-related expenses and certain assumptions and adjustments that are set forthVRB loan production office in the Merger Agreement; (iii) the receipt of all necessary regulatory approvals for the Proposed Transaction, without the imposition of conditions or requirements that the TriCo Board of Directors reasonably determines in good faith would, individually or in the aggregate, materially reduce the economic benefits of the Proposed Transaction; (iv) the absence of any regulation, judgment, decree, injunction or other order of a governmental authority which prohibits the consummation of the Proposed Transaction or which prohibits or makes illegal the consummation of the Proposed Transaction; (v) the effective registration of the shares of TriCo Common Stock to be issued to FNBB’s shareholdersFresno was consolidated with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) andnearby legacy TCBK loan production office during the approvalfourth quarter of such shares for listing on the Nasdaq Global Select Market; (vi) all representations and warranties made by 2022. All remaining branches now operate as Tri Counties Bank.



2TriCo and FNBB in the Merger Agreement must remain true and correct, except for certain inaccuracies that would not have, or would not reasonably be expected to have, a material adverse effect; and (vii) TriCo and FNBB must have performed their respective obligations under the Merger Agreement in all material respects.

AcquisitionBancshares 2022 10-K


Table of Three Branch Offices and Deposits from Bank of America

On March 18, 2016, the Bank completed its acquisition of three branch banking offices from Bank of America originally announced October 28, 2015. The acquired branches are located in Arcata, Eureka and Fortuna in Humboldt County on the North Coast of California, and have significant overlap compared to the Company’s then-existing Northern California customer base and branch locations. As a result, these branch acquisitions create potential cost savings and future growth potential. With the levels of capital at the time, the acquisitions fit well into the Company’s growth strategy. Also on March 18, 2016, the electronic customer service and other data processing systems of the acquired branches were converted into the Bank’s systems, and the effect of revenue and expenses from the operations of the acquired branches are included in the results of the Company. The Bank paid a premium of $3,204,000 for deposit relationships with balances of $161,231,000 and loans with balances of $289,000, and received cash of $159,520,000 from Bank of America.

The assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition of these branches were accounted for in accordance with ASC 805 “Business Combinations,” using the acquisition method of accounting and were recorded at their estimated fair values on the March 18, 2016 acquisition date, and the results of operations of the acquired branches are included in the Company’s consolidated statements of income since that date. The excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over total identifiable net assets was recorded as goodwill. The goodwill arising from the acquisition consists largely of the synergies and economies of scale expected from combining the operations of the Company and the acquired branches. $849,000 of the goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes because the acquisition was accounted for as a purchase of assets and assumption of liabilities for tax purposes.

See Note 2 in the financial statements at Item 8 of this report for a discussion about this transaction.

Other Activities

The Bank may in the future engage in other businesses either directly or indirectly through subsidiaries acquired or formed by the Bank subject to regulatory constraints. See “Regulation and Supervision.”

Employees

Contents

Human Capital Resources

At December 31, 2017, the Company2022, we employed 1,0231,231 persons, including sixfive executive officers. Full time equivalent employees were 985. Nonumbered 1,210. Additionally, we at times will utilize independent contractors and temporary personnel to supplement our workforce. None of our employees of the Company are presently represented by a union or covered under a collective bargaining agreement. Management believes that its employee relations are good.

3



Our employees are critical to our success and competition for qualified banking personnel has historically been intense. We provide a wide variety of opportunities for professional growth for all employees with a focus on in-classroom and on-line trainings, on-the-job experience, including active mentoring and education tuition assistance. We seek to create an engaged workforce through proactive listening, forward looking career conversation and constructive dialogue through periodic performance discussions as well as employee engagement and exit surveys.

We focus on attracting and retaining employees by providing compensation and benefits packages that we believe are competitive within the applicable market, taking into account the position’s location and responsibilities. We provide competitive health and financial focused benefits such as but not limited to employer subsidized health insurance, a 401(k) retirement plan and an employee stock ownership plan. In addition, we offer a portfolio of additional services and tools to support our employees’ health and well-being.

TriCo team members actively share their talents in their communities through volunteer activities in education, economic development, human and health services, and community reinvestment. During 2022, team members logged more than 10,000 hours, supporting nearly 360 organizations, and more than 3,200 of those hours were for the benefit of community development efforts to support programs and services to low- or moderate-income communities.

While we believe that the diversity of our employees generally represents and reflects the diversity of the communities which we serve, we recognize and continue to promote the need for diversity enhancement in leadership roles throughout the Company. We have assembled a team to assist us in progressing the Bank's diversity, inclusion, and equity efforts. Our efforts to foster an environment that embraces employee perspectives through understanding one another's opinions, beliefs, experiences, innate differences and the promotion of dialogue and actions will make us a stronger company. We also believe that a diverse workforce that is representative of our customers in the community will enable us to better serve our customers, enhancing our success as an organization. We know the process is a journey and expect our efforts to develop and progress over time.

Refer to Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for additional information.

Competition


The banking business in California generally and in the Bank’s primary service area of Northern and Central California specifically, is highly competitive with respect to both loans and deposits. It is dominated by a relatively small number of national and regional banks with many offices operating over a wide geographic area.area; with the more metropolitan areas that we serve having a larger number of national and regional banks than the rest of our footprint. Among the advantages such major banks have over the Bank isare their greater ability to finance wide ranging advertisinginvestments in technology and marketing campaigns and to allocate their investment assets to regions of high yield and demand. By virtue of their greater total capitalization, such institutions also have substantially higher lending limits than does the Bank.


In addition to competing with other banks, the Bank competes with savings institutions, credit unions and the financial markets for funds. Yields on corporate and government debt securities and other commercial paper may be higher than on deposits, and therefore affect the ability of commercial banks to attract and hold deposits. Commercial banks also compete for available funds with money market instruments and mutual funds. During past periods of high or rising interest rates, money market funds have provided substantial competition to banks for deposits and they may continue to do so in the future. Mutual funds are also a major source of competition for savings dollars.

The


As the financial services industry becomes increasingly oriented toward technology-driven delivery systems, we face competition from banks and non-bank institutions without offices in our primary service area. We also increasingly compete with financial technology or “fintech” companies for loans and other financial services customers.

To compete effectively, the Bank relies substantially on local promotional activity, personal contacts by its officers, directors, employees and shareholders, extended hours, personalized service and its reputation in the communities it services to compete effectively.

services.


Regulation and Supervision


General


The Company and the Bank are subject to extensive regulation under both federal and state law.law governing most aspects of our operations. This regulation is intended primarily for the protection of customers, depositors, the FDIC deposit insurance fund and the banking system as a whole, and not for the protection of shareholders of the Company. Set forth below is a summary description of the significant laws and regulations applicable to the Company and the Bank. The description is qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable laws and regulations.


Regulatory Agencies

3TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
The Company is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Bank and its other subsidiaries. As a bank holding company, the Company is regulated under the BHC Act, and is subject to supervision, regulation and examination by the FRB. The Company is also under the jurisdiction of the SEC and is subject to the disclosure and regulatory requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each administered by the SEC. The Company’s common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select marketMarket (“Nasdaq”) under the trading symbol “TCBK” and the Company is, therefore, subject to the rules of Nasdaq for listed companies.

The Bank as a state chartered bank, is subject to broad federal regulation, supervision and oversight extending to all its operationsperiodic examination by the FDIC, which is the Bank’s primary federal regulator and to state regulation by the DBO.

DFPI.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) created the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) as an independent entity with broad rulemaking, supervisory and enforcement authority over consumer financial products and services. The CFPB’s functions include investigating consumer complaints, rulemaking, supervising and examining bank consumer transactions, and enforcing rules related to consumer financial products and services. CFPB regulations and guidance apply to all financial institutions, including the Bank. Banks with $10 billion or more in assets are subject to examination by the CFPB. Banks with less than $10 billion in assets, including the Bank, continue to be examined for compliance with federal consumer laws by their primary federal banking agency.

At December 31, 2022, the Company had $9.9 billion in total assets. See the Risk Factors section for a discussion of some of the risks the Bank will encounter when it exceeds $10 billion in assets as of a December 31 measurement date.


The Bank Holding Company Act


The Company is registered as a bank holding company under the BHC Act. In general, the BHC Act limits the business of bank holding companies to banking, managing or controlling banks and other activities that the FRB has determined to be so closely related to banking as to be a proper incident thereto. As a bank holding company, TriCo is required to file reports with the FRB and the FRB periodically examines the Company. Under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), a bank holding company is required to serve as a source of financial and managerial strength to its subsidiary bank and, under appropriate circumstances, to commit resources to support the subsidiary bank. Qualified bank holding companies that elect to be financial holding companies may engage in any activity, or acquire and retain the shares of a company engaged in any activity,additional activities that isare either (i) financial in nature or incidental to such financial activity or (ii) complementary to a financial activity, and that doesdo not pose a substantial risk to the safety and soundness of depository institutions or the financial system generally, (asas determined solely by the FRB).FRB. Activities that are financial in nature include securities underwriting and dealing, insurance underwriting and agency, and making merchant banking investments. The Company currently has not elected to become a financial holding company.

4


The BHC Act,


As a bank holding company, TriCo is required to file reports with the FRB and the FRB periodically examines the Company. A bank holding company is required by law to serve as a source of financial and managerial strength to its subsidiary bank and, under appropriate circumstances, to commit resources to support the subsidiary bank.

Bank Merger Act, and other federal and state statutes regulate acquisitionsAcquisitions

We are required to obtain prior FRB approval before acquiring more than 5% of commercial banks. The BHC Act requiresthe voting shares, or substantially all of the assets, of a bank holding company, bank or savings association. In addition, the prior approval of the FRB for the direct or indirect acquisition of more than 5 percent of the voting shares of a commercial bank or its parent holding company. Under the Bank Merger Act, the prior approval of an acquiring bank’s primary federal regulatorFDIC and DFPI is required before it mayfor a California chartered bank to merge with another bank or purchase the assets or assume the deposits of another bank. In reviewing applications seeking approval of merger anddetermining whether to approve a proposed bank acquisition, transactions, the bank regulatory authoritiesregulators will consider, among other things,factors, the competitive effect andof the acquisition on competition, the public benefits expected to be received from the acquisition, the projected capital ratios and levels on a post-acquisition basis, and the acquiring institution’s record of addressing the credit needs of the transactions,communities it serves, including the capital positionneeds of the combined organization, the applicant’s performance recordlow- and moderate-income neighborhoods under the Community Reinvestment Act consumer compliance, fair housing lawsof 1997, as amended ("CRA").

On July 9, 2021, President Biden issued an Executive Order on Promoting Competition in the American Economy. Among other initiatives, the Executive Order encouraged the federal banking agencies to review their current merger oversight practices under the BHC Act and the effectivenessBank Merger Act and adopt a plan for revitalization of such practices. There are many steps that must be taken by the subject organizations in combating money launderingagencies before any formal changes to the framework for evaluating bank mergers can be finalized and the prospects for such action are uncertain at this time; however, the adoption of more expansive or prescriptive standards may have an impact on our acquisition activities.

See the Risk Factors section for a more extensive discussion of this topic.


Safety and Soundness Standards

The


Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 (“FDICIA”) implemented certain specific restrictions on transactions and required, the regulators to adopt overall safety and soundness standards for depository institutions related to internal control, loan underwriting and documentation, and asset growth. Among other things, FDICIA limits the interest rates paid on deposits by undercapitalized institutions, the use of brokered deposits and the aggregate extension of credit by a depository institution to an executive officer, director, principal stockholder or related interest, and reduces deposit insurance coverage for deposits offered by undercapitalized institutions for deposits by certain employee benefits accounts.

Section 39 to the Federal Deposit Insurance Act requires thefederal bank regulatory agencies to establishhave established safety and soundness standards for insured financialdepository institutions covering:

internalInternal controls, information systems and internal audit systems;

loanLoan documentation;

creditCredit underwriting;

interestInterest rate exposure;

assetAsset growth;

compensation,Compensation, fees and benefits;

assetAsset quality, earnings and stock valuation; and

excessiveExcessive compensation for executive officers, directors or principal shareholders which could lead to material financial loss.

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If ana federal bank regulatory agency determines that ana depository institution fails to meet any standard established by the guidelines, the agency may require the financial institution to submit to the agency an acceptable plan to achieve compliance with the standard. If the agency requires submission of a compliance plan and the institution fails to timely submit an acceptable plan or to implement an accepted plan, the agency must require the institution to correct the deficiency. An institution must file a compliance plan within 30 days of a request to do so from the institution’s primary federal regulatory agency. The agencies may elect to initiate enforcement actionactions in certain cases rather than relyrelying on an existinga plan, particularly where failure to meet one or more of the standards could threaten the safe and sound operation of the institution.


Restrictions on Dividends and Distributions


A California corporation such as TriCo may make a distribution to its shareholders to the extent that either the corporation’s retained earnings meet or exceed the amount of the proposed distribution or the value of the corporation’s assets exceed the amount of its liabilities plus the amount of shareholders preferences, if any, and certain other conditions are met. It is the FRB’s policy that bank holding companies should generally pay dividends on common stock only out of income available over the past year, and only if prospective earnings retention is consistent with the organization’s expected future needs and financial condition.

In addition, a bank holding company’s ability to pay dividends on its common stock may be limited if it fails to maintain an adequate capital conservation buffer under these capital rules. See “Regulatory Capital Requirements.”


The primary source of funds for payment of dividends by TriCo to its shareholders has been and will be the receipt of dividends and management fees from the Bank. TriCo’s ability to receive dividends from the Bank is limited by applicable state and federal law. Under the California Financial Code, funds available for cash dividend payments by a bank are restricted to the lesser of: (i) retained earnings or (ii) the bank’s net income for its last three fiscal years (less any distributions to shareholders made during such period). However, with the prior approval of the Commissioner of the DBO,DPFI, a bank may pay cash dividends in an amount not to exceed the greatest of the: (1) retained earnings of the bank; (2) net income of the bank for its last fiscal year; or (3) net income of the bank for its current fiscal year. However, if the DBODPFI finds that the shareholders’ equity of the bank is not adequate or that the payment of a dividend would be unsafe or unsound, the Commissioner may order the bank not to pay a dividend to shareholders.

Additionally, under FDICIA, a bank


The Bank’s ability to pay dividends may not make anybe limited if the Bank fails to maintain an adequate capital distribution, including the payment of dividends, if after making such distribution the bank would be in any of the “undercapitalized” categories under the FDIC’s Prompt Corrective Action regulations. A bank is undercapitalized for this purpose if its leverage ratios, Tier 1 risk-based capital level and total risk-based capital ratio are not at least four percent, four percent and eight percent, respectively.

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conservation buffer. See “Regulatory Capital Requirements.”


The FRB, FDIC and the DBODPFI have authority to prohibit a bank holding company or a bank from engaging in practices which are considered to be unsafe and unsound. Depending on the financial condition of TriCo and the Bank and other factors, the FRB, FDIC or the DBOour regulators could determine that payment of dividends or other payments by TriCo or the Bank might constitute an unsafe or unsound practice.


The Community Reinvestment Act


The Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 (“CRA”)CRA requires the federal banking regulatory agencies to periodically assess a bank’s record of helping meet the credit needs of its entire community, includinglow- and moderate-income neighborhoods. The CRA also requires the agencies to consider a financial institution’s record of meeting its community credit when evaluating applications for, among other things, domestic branches and mergers or acquisitions. The federal banking agencies rate depository institutions’ compliance with the CRA. The ratings range from a high of “outstanding” to a low of “substantial noncompliance.” A less than “satisfactory” rating could result in the suspension of any growth of the Bank through acquisitions or opening de novo branches until the rating is improved. As of its most recent CRA examination, the Bank’s CRA rating was “Satisfactory.

"


On May 5, 2022, the FRB, OCC and FDIC jointly issued a notice of proposed rulemaking proposing revisions to the agencies’ CRA regulations, including with respect to the delineation of assessment areas, the overall evaluation framework and performance standards and metrics, the definition of community development activities, and data collection and reporting. The proposed rule would adjust CRA evaluations based on bank size and type, with many of the proposed changes applying only to banks with over $2 billion in assets and several applying only to banks with over $10 billion in assets. We will continue to evaluate the impact of any changes to the regulations implementing the CRA.

Consumer Protection Laws

and Supervision

The Bank is subject to many federal consumer protection statues and regulations, some of which are discussed below.

The Equal Credit Opportunity Act generally prohibits discrimination in any credit transaction, whether for consumer or business purposes, on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age (except in limited circumstances), receipt of income from public assistance programs, or good faith exercise of any rights under the Consumer Credit Protection Act.

TheTruth-in-Lending Act is designed to ensure that credit terms are disclosed in a meaningful way so that consumers may compare credit terms more readily and knowledgeably.

The Fair Housing Act regulates many practices, including making it unlawful for any lender to discriminate in its housing-related lending activities against any person because of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, handicap or familial status.

The Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, which includes a “fair lending” aspect, requires the collection and disclosure of data about applicant and borrower characteristics as a way of identifying possible discriminatory lending patterns and enforcing anti-discrimination statutes.

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The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act requires lenders to provide borrowers with disclosures regarding the nature and cost of real estate settlements and prohibits certain abusive practices, such as kickbacks, and places limitations on the amount of escrow accounts.

In addition, the CFPB has taken a number of actions that may affect the Bank’s operations and compliance costs, including the following:

The issuance of final rules for residential mortgage lending, which became effective January 10, 2013, including definitions for “qualified mortgages” and detailed standards by which lenders must satisfy themselves of the borrower’s ability to repay the loan and revised forms of disclosure under the Truth in Lending Act and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures ActAct.

The issuance of a policy report on arbitration clauses which could result in the restriction or prohibition of lenders including arbitration clauses in consumer financial services contracts.

Actions taken to regulate and supervise credit bureaus and debt collections.

Positions taken by the CFPB on fair lending, including applying the disparate impact theory in auto financing, which could make it harder for lenders, such as the Bank, to charge different rates or apply different terms to loans to different customers.


The CFPB has broad rulemaking authority for a wide range of consumer financial laws that apply to all banks, including, among other things, laws relating to fair lending and the authority to prohibit “unfair, deceptive or abusive” acts and practices. The CFPB has promulgated many mortgage-related final rules since it was established under the Dodd-Frank Act, including rules related to the ability to repay and qualified mortgage standards, mortgage servicing standards, loan originator compensation standards, high-cost mortgage requirements, HMDA requirements, and appraisal and escrow standards for higher priced mortgages. The mortgage-related final rules issued by the CFPB have materially restructured the origination, servicing, and securitization of residential mortgages in the United States. These rules have impacted, and will continue to impact, the business practices of mortgage lenders, including the Company.

We are also subject to certain state consumer protection laws and state attorneys general and other state officials are empowered to enforce certain federal consumer protection laws and regulations. State authorities have increased their focus on and enforcement of consumer protection rules. These federal and state consumer protection laws apply to a broad range of our activities and to various aspects of our business and include laws relating to interest rates, fair lending, disclosures of credit terms and estimated transaction costs to consumer borrowers, debt collection practices, the use of and the provision of information to consumer reporting agencies, and the prohibition of unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices in connection with the offer, sale, or provision of consumer financial products and services.
Penalties for violations of the above laws may include fines, reimbursements, injunctive relief and other penalties.

Privacy, Data PrivacyProtection and Cyber Security Regulation

The Company isCybersecurity


We are subject to manya number of U.S. federal, state, local and internationalforeign laws and regulations governing requirements for maintaining policiesrelating to consumer privacy and procedures to protect thenon-public confidential information of customers and employees. Thedata protection. Under privacy protection provisions of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act generally prohibitof 1999 ("GLBA") and its implementing regulations and guidance, we are limited in our ability to disclose certain non-public information about consumers to non-affiliated third parties. Financial institutions, such as the Bank, are required by statute and regulation to notify consumers of their privacy policies and practices and, in some circumstances, allow consumers to prevent disclosure of certain personal information to a non-affiliated third party. In addition, such financial institutions must appropriately safeguard their customers’ nonpublic, personal information.

Data privacy and data protection are areas of increasing state legislative focus. For example, in June 2018, the Governor of California signed into law the California Consumer Privacy Act ("CCPA"). The CCPA, which became effective on January 1, 2020, applies to for-profit businesses that conduct business in California and meet certain revenue or data collection thresholds. The CCPA gives consumers the right to request disclosure of information collected about them, and whether that information has been sold or shared with others, the right to request deletion of personal information (subject to certain exceptions), the right to opt out of the sale of the consumer’s personal information, and the right not to be discriminated against for exercising these rights. The CCPA contains several exemptions, including that many, but not all, requirements of the CCPA are inapplicable to information that is collected, processed, sold, or disclosed pursuant to the GLBA. California voters also recently passed the CPRA, which took effect on January 1, 2023, and significantly modifies the CCPA, including imposing additional obligations on covered companies and expanding California consumers’ rights with respect to certain sensitive personal information. On July 8, 2022, the CPPA commenced formal rulemaking to adopt regulations to implement the CPRA. However, regulations did not come into effect prior to the CPRA’s effective date. The CPPA has stated that the earliest proposed regulations could be in effect is April 2023, potentially resulting in further uncertainty and requiring us to incur additional costs and expenses in an effort to comply with the regulations. In California, the CCPA, the CPRA, and upcoming regulations may be interpreted or applied in a manner inconsistent with our understanding.

In addition, numerous other states have also enacted or are in the process of enacting state-level privacy, data protection and/or data security laws and regulations. The federal government and regulators outside of the United States may also pass additional data privacy or data protection legislation, including possible amendment of the GLBA. For example, on November 23, 2021, the federal financial regulatory agencies published a final rule that will impose upon banking organizations and their service providers new notification requirements for significant cybersecurity incidents. Specifically, the final rule requires banking organizations to notify their primary federal regulator as soon as possible and no later than 36 hours after the discovery of a "computer-security incident" that rises to the level of a "notification incident" within the meaning attributed to those terms by the final rule. Banks' service providers are required under the final rule to notify any affected bank to or on behalf of which the service provider provides services "as soon as possible" after determining that it has experienced an incident that materially disrupts or degrades, or is reasonably likely to materially disrupt or degrade, covered services provided to such bank
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for as much as four hours. The final rule took effect on April 1, 2022 and banks and their service providers were required to be in compliance with the requirements of the rule by May 1, 2022.

Federal banking agencies, including the Company, from disclosing nonpublic personal financialFDIC and FRB, have adopted guidelines for establishing information security standards and cybersecurity programs for implementing safeguards under the supervision of consumer customersthe board of directors. These guidelines, along with related regulatory materials, increasingly focus on risk management and processes related to information technology and the use of third parties in the provision of financial services.

Recent cyberattacks against banks and other financial institutions that resulted in unauthorized access to confidential customer information have prompted the federal banking regulators to issue extensive guidance on cybersecurity. Among other things, financial institutions are expected to design multiple layers of security controls to establish lines of defense and ensure that their risk management processes address the risks posed by compromised customer credentials, including security measures to authenticate customers accessing internet-based services. A financial institution also should have a robust business continuity program to recover from a cyberattack and procedures for certain purposes (primarily marketing) unlessmonitoring the security of third-party service providers that may have access to nonpublic data at the institution. Further, the Company’s financial institution customers have obligations to safeguard their systems and sensitive information and the opportunityCompany may be bound contractually and/or by regulation to “opt out”comply with the same requirements. If the Company or its service providers fail to comply with applicable regulations and contractual requirements, the Company could be exposed to lawsuits, governmental proceedings or the imposition of fines, among other consequences.

In February 2018, the disclosure. Other lawsSEC published interpretive guidance to assist public companies in preparing disclosures about cybersecurity risks and regulations, atincidents. These SEC guidelines, and any other regulatory guidance, are in addition to notification and disclosure requirements under state and federal banking law and regulations. We and other U.S. financial services providers continue to be targeted with evolving and adaptive cybersecurity threats from sophisticated third parties. Unauthorized access or cybersecurity incidents could occur more frequently and on a more significant scale. If future attacks are successful or if customers are unable to access their accounts online for other reasons, it could adversely impact our ability to service customer accounts or loans, complete financial transactions for our customers or otherwise operate any of our businesses or services. In addition, a breach or attack affecting one of our third-party service providers or partners could harm our business even if we do not control the international, federal and state level, limitservice that is attacked.

Any inability to prevent or adequately respond to the issues described above could disrupt the Company’s business, inhibit its ability to share certainretain existing customers or attract new customers, otherwise harm its reputation and/or result in financial losses, litigation, increased costs or other adverse consequences that could be material to the Company. See Risk Factors below for additional information withand discussion related to cybersecurity.

Like other lenders, the Bank uses credit bureau data in their underwriting activities. Use of such data is regulated under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (“FCRA”), and the FCRA also regulates reporting information to credit bureaus, prescreening individuals for credit offers, sharing of information between affiliates, andnon-affiliates using affiliate data for marketing and/ornon-marketing purposes, or to contact customers with marketing offers. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act

6


also requires banks to implement a comprehensive information security program that includes administrative, technicalpurposes. Similar state laws may impose additional requirements on the Company and physical safeguards to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer records and information.

Bank.


Regulatory Capital Requirements


The Company and the Bank are subject to the minimum capital requirements of the FDICFRB and the FRB,FDIC, respectively. Capital requirements may have an effect on the Company’s and the Bank’s profitability and ability to pay dividends. If the Company or the Bank lacks adequate capital to increase its assets without violating the minimum capital requirements or if it is forced to reduce the level of its assets in order to satisfy regulatory capital requirements, its ability to generate earnings would be reduced.

The Company’s and


We are subject to the Bank’s primary federal regulators, the FRB and the FDIC, have adopted guidelines utilizing a risk-based capital structure. Under the risk-based capital rules applicable through December 31, 2014,framework for U.S. banking organizations were required to maintain minimum ratiosknown as Basel III. Basel III defines several measures of Tier 1 capital and totalestablishes capital ratios based on a banking organizations levels of capital relative to total risk- weighted assets (includingrisk-weighted assets. The risk-weighting of the asset depends on the nature of the asset but generally ranges from 0% for U.S. government and agency securities, to 1,250% for certainoff- balance sheet items, such as letters trading securitization exposures, resulting in higher risk weights for a variety of credit). Qualifying capital is divided into two tiers. Tier 1 capital consists generally of common stockholders’ equity, retained earnings, qualifying noncumulative perpetual preferred stock, a limited amount of qualifying cumulative perpetual preferred stock (at the holding company level) and minority interests in the equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries, less goodwill and certain other intangible assets. Tier 2 capital consists of, among other things, allowance for loan and lease losses up to 1.25% of weighted risk assets, other perpetual preferred stock, hybrid capital instruments, perpetual debt, mandatory convertible debt, subordinated debt and intermediate-term preferred stock,asset classes than previous regulations.

Under Basel III, we are subject to limitations. Tier 2 capital qualifies as part of total capital up to a maximum of 100% of Tier 1 capital. Under these risk-based capital guidelines, the Company is required to maintain total capital equal to at least 8% of its assets, of which at least 4% must be in the form of Tier 1 capital. In addition, the Bank is subject tofollowing minimum capital ratios under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action discussed below under “— Prompt Corrective Action.”

The Company and the Bank are also required to maintain a minimum leverage ratio of 4% of Tier 1 capital to total assets (the “leverage ratio”). The leverage ratio is determined by dividing an institution’s Tier 1 capital by its quarterly average total assets, less goodwill and certain other intangible assets. The minimum leverage ratio constitutes a minimum requirement for the mostwell-run banking organizations. See Note 29 in the financial statements at Item 8 of this report for a discussion about the Company’s risk-based capital and leverage ratios.

In July, 2013, the federal banking agencies approved new capital rules implementing the “Basel III” regulatory capital reforms and other changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act. “Basel III” refers to capital guidelines adopted by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, which is a committee of central banks and bank supervisors/regulators from the major industrialized countries. The new capital rules include new risk-based capital and leverage ratios, which are being phased in from 2015 to 2019, and which refine the definition of what constitutes “capital” for purposes of calculating those ratios. The new minimum capital level requirements applicable to the Company and the Bank as of January 1, 2015 under the new capital rules included: (i) a newratios: (1) common equity Tier 1 capital ratioor “CET1” to risk‑weighted assets of 4.5%; (ii) a(2) Tier 1 capital ratio(that is, CET1 plus Additional Tier 1 capital) to risk‑weighted assets of 6% (increased from 4%)6.0%; (iii) a total(3) Total capital ratio(that is, Tier 1 capital plus Tier 2 capital) to risk‑weighted assets of 8% (unchanged from previous rules); and (iv)(4) a Tier 1 leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital to average consolidated assets as reported on regulatory financial statements) of 4% for all institutions.4.0%. The newBasel III capital rules also establishframework includes a “capital conservation buffer” above the new regulatory minimum capital requirements, which must consistof 2.5%, composed entirely of common equity Tier 1 capital. TheCET1, on top of the minimum risk‑weighted asset ratios. Banking institutions that fail to maintain a full capital conservation buffer face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and discretionary executive compensation based on the amount of the shortfall and the institution’s “eligible retained income” (that is, to bephased-in over four years beginning on January 1, 2016, as follows:quarter trailing net income, net of distributions and tax effects not reflected in net income). The 2.5% capital conservation buffer will be 0.625% of risk-weighted assets for 2016, 1.25% for 2017, 1.875% for 2018, and 2.5% for 2019 and thereafter. This will resulteffectively results in the following minimum ratios beginning in 2019 (inclusive of the buffer): (i) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratioCET1 to risk‑weighted assets of 7.0%at least 7%, (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5%, and (iii) a total capital ratio of 10.5%. Under the new capital rules, institutions are subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses if its common equity capital level falls below the buffer amount. These limitations establish a maximum percentage of eligible retained income that could be utilized for such actions.

The new capital rules provide regulators discretion to impose an additional capital buffer, the “countercyclical buffer,” of up to 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to take into account the macro-financial environmentrisk‑weighted assets of at least 8.5%, and periods(iii) total capital to risk‑weighted assets of excessive credit growth. However, the countercyclical buffer only applies to larger banks with $250 billion or more in total assets or $10 billion or more in total foreign exposures and is not expected to have an impact on the Company or the Bank.

The new capital rules also implement revisions and clarifications consistent with Basel III regarding the various components of Tier 1 capital, including common equity, unrealized gains and losses, as well as certain instruments including trust preferred securities that will no longer qualify as Tier 1 capital, some of which will be phased out over time. However, the new capital rules provide that depository institution holding companies with less than $15 billion in total assets as of December 31, 2009, such as the Company, will be able to continue to includenon-qualifying instruments that were issued and included in Tier 1 capital prior to May 19, 2010, such as the Company’s Trust Preferred Securities, as Tier 1. This treatment is grandfathered and will apply even if the Company exceeds $15 billion assets due to organic growth. However, if the Company exceeds $15 billion in assets as the result of a merger or acquisition, then the Tier 1 treatment of its outstanding trust preferred securities will be phased out but may still be treated as Tier 2 capital.

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The new capital rules also include changes for the calculation of risk-weighted assets, which are being phased in beginning January 1, 2015. The new capital rules utilizes an increased number of credit risk exposure categories and risk weights, and also addresses: (i) an alternative standard of creditworthiness consistent with Section 939A of the Dodd-Frank Act; (ii) revisions to recognition of credit risk mitigation; (iii) rules for risk weighting of equity exposures and past due loans; (iv) revised capital treatment for derivatives and repo-style transactions; and (v) disclosure requirements fortop-tier banking organizations with $50 billion or more in total assets that are not subject to the “advance approach rules” that apply to banks with greater than $250 billion in consolidated assets.

at least 10.5%.


We believe that we were in compliance with the requirements of the Basel III capital rules applicable to us as set forth in the new capital rules as of December 31, 2017.

2022. For a discussion of the regulatory capital requirements, see “Note 26 – Regulatory Matters” to the consolidated financial statements at Part II, Item 8 of this report.


Prompt Corrective Action


Prompt Corrective Action regulations of the federal bank regulatory agencies establish five capital categories in descending order (wellbased on an institution’s regulatory capital ratios: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized and critically undercapitalized), assignment to which depends upon the institution’s total risk-based capital ratio, Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio, and leverage ratio. The new capital rules revised the prompt corrective action framework.
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undercapitalized. Under the new prompt corrective actionPrompt Corrective Action framework, which implements the new capital rules, insured depository institutions will beare required to meet the following increasedminimum capital level requirements in order to qualify as “well capitalized:” (i) a new common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5%; (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8% (increased from 6%); (iii) a total capital ratio of 10% (unchanged from current rules); and (iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5% (increased from 4%). An institution may be downgraded to, or deemed to be in, a capital category that is lower than indicated by its capital ratios if it is determined to be in an unsafe or unsound condition or if it receives an unsatisfactory examination rating with respect to certain matters. Institutions classified in one of the three undercapitalized categories are subject to certain mandatory and discretionary supervisory actions, which include increased monitoring and review, implementation of capital restoration plans, asset growth restrictions, limitations upon expansion and new business activities, requirements to augment capital, restrictions upon deposit gathering and interest rates, replacement of senior executive officers and directors, and requiring divestiture or sale of the institution. The Bank’s capital levels have exceeded the amountsminimums necessary to be considered well capitalized under the current regulatory framework for prompt corrective action since its adoption.


Deposit Insurance


Deposit accounts in the Bank are insured by the FDIC, generally up to a maximum of $250,000 per separately insured depositor. The Bank pays deposit insurance assessments as determined by the FDIC. The assessment rate for an institution with less than $10.0 billion in assets, such as the Bank, is based on its consolidated total assets less tangible equity capital.risk category, with certain adjustments for any unsecured debt or brokered deposits held by the bank. The assessment base against which the assessment rate is based on the risk category of the institution. Toapplied to determine the total assessment due for a given period is the depository institution’s average total consolidated assets during the assessment period less average tangible equity during that assessment period. Institutions assigned to higher risk categories (that is, institutions that pose a higher risk of loss to the FDIC’s deposit insurance fund (the “DIF”)) pay assessments at higher rates than institutions that pose a lower risk. An institution’s risk classification is assigned based on a combination of its financial ratios and supervisory ratings, reflecting, among other things, its capital levels and the level of supervisory concern that the institution poses to the regulators. In addition, the FDIC can impose special assessments in certain instances.

The FDIC, as required under the FDIA, established a plan on September 15, 2020, to restore the DIF reserve ratio to meet or exceed the statutory minimum of 1.35% within eight years. This plan did not include an increase in the deposit insurance assessment rate. Based on the FDIC’s recent projections, however, the FDIC determined that the DIF reserve ratio is at risk of not reaching the statutory minimum by the statutory deadline of September 30, 2028 without increasing the deposit insurance assessment rates. In October 2022, the FDIC adopted a final rule to increase initial base deposit insurance assessment rate the FDIC first establishes an institution’s initial base assessment rate and then adjusts the initial base assessment based upon an institution’s levels of unsecured debt, secured liabilities, and brokered deposits. The total base assessment rate ranges from 2.5 to 45schedules uniformly by 2 basis points, ofbeginning on January 1, 2023. The FDIC also concurrently maintained the institution’s average consolidated total assets less tangible equity capital.

Designated Reserve Ratio for the DIF at 2%.


The Bank is generally unable to control the amount of premiums that it is required to pay for FDIC insurance.insurance or the amount of credit, if any, that it may be allowed to offset such assessments. If there are additional bank or financial institution failures or if the FDIC otherwise determines, the Bank may be required to pay even higher FDIC premiums than the recently increased levels. Increases in FDIC insurance premiums may have a material and adverse effect on the Company’s earnings and could have a material adverse effect on the value of, or market for, the Company’s common stock.


The FDIC may terminate a depository institution’s deposit insurance upon a finding that the institution’s financial condition is unsafe or unsound or that the institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices that pose a risk to the DIF or that may prejudice the interest of the bank’s depositors. The termination of deposit insurance for the Bank would also result in the revocation of the Bank’s charter by the DBO.

Interstate Branching

The Dodd-FrankDPFI.


Bank Secrecy Act authorized national and state banks to establish branches in other states to the same extent as a bank chartered by that state would be permitted to branch. Previously, banks could only establish branches in other states if the host state expressly permittedout-of-state banks to establish branches in that state. Accordingly, banks will be able to enter new markets more freely.

/ Anti-Money Laundering Laws

A series


The Bank Secrecy Act of banking laws1970 (“BSA”) requires financial institutions to develop policies, procedures, and regulations beginningpractices to prevent and deter money laundering, mandates that every bank have a written, board-approved program that is reasonably designed to assure and monitor compliance with the bank Secrecy Act in 1970 requiresBSA. The program must, at a minimum: (1) provide for a system of internal controls to assure ongoing compliance; (2) provide for independent testing for compliance; (3) designate an individual responsible for coordinating and monitoring day-to-day compliance; and (4) provide training for appropriate personnel. In addition, banks are required to prevent,adopt a customer identification program as part of their BSA compliance program. Banks are also required to file reports when they detect and report illicitcertain known or illegal financial activitiessuspected violations of federal law or suspicious transactions related to the federal government to preventa money laundering international drug trafficking,activity or a violation of the BSA. BSA regulations require that we that we verify customer information when opening a new account, which includes identifying and terrorism. Underverifying the beneficial owners of all customer that are legal entity customers, and performing ongoing customer due diligence to understand the nature and purpose of customer relationships for the purpose of developing customer risk profiles.

In addition to complying with the BSA, the Bank is subject to the USA Patriot Act of 2001 (“Patriot Act”). The Patriot Act is designed to deny terrorists and criminals the ability to obtain access to the United States’ financial system and has significant implications for depository institutions, are subjectbrokers, dealers, and other businesses involved in the transfer of money. The Patriot Act mandates that financial service companies implement additional policies and procedures and take heightened measures designed to prohibitions against specified financialaddress any or all of the following matters: customer identification programs, money laundering, terrorist financing, identifying and reporting suspicious activities and currency transactions, currency crimes, and account relationships, requirements regarding the Customer Identification Program, as

8


well as enhanced due diligence and “know your customer” standards in their dealings with high risk customers, foreigncooperation between financial institutions and law enforcement authorities.


On December 3, 2019, three federal banking agencies and the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) issued a joint statement clarifying the compliance procedures and reporting requirements that banks must file for customers engaged in the growth or cultivation of hemp, including a clear statement that banks need not file a SAR on customers engaged in the growth or cultivation of hemp in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. This statement does not apply to cannabis-related business; thus, the statement only pertains to customers who are lawfully growing or cultivating hemp and are not otherwise engaged in unlawful or suspicious activity.

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Further, on January 1, 2021, Congress passed the National Defense Authorization Act, which enacted the most significant overhaul of the BSA and related AML laws since the Patriot Act. Notable amendments include (1) significant changes to the collection of beneficial ownership information and the establishment of a beneficial ownership registry, which requires corporate entities (generally, any corporation, LLC, or other similar entity with 20 or fewer employees and annual gross income of $5 million or less) to report beneficial ownership information to FinCEN (which will be maintained by FinCEN and made available upon request to financial institutions); (2) enhanced whistleblower provisions, which provide that one or more whistleblowers who voluntarily provide original information leading to the successful enforcement of violations of the AML laws in any judicial or administrative action brought by the Secretary of the Treasury or the Attorney General resulting in monetary sanctions exceeding $1 million (including disgorgement and interest but excluding forfeiture, restitution, or compensation to victims) will receive not more than 30 percent of the monetary sanctions collected and will receive increased protections; (3) increased penalties for violations of the BSA; (4) improvements to existing information sharing provisions that permit financial institutions to share information relating to SARs with foreign individualsbranches, subsidiaries, and entities.

affiliates (except those located in China, Russia, or certain other jurisdictions) for the purpose of combating illicit finance risks; and (5) expanded duties and powers of FinCEN. Many of the amendments require the Department of Treasury and FinCEN to promulgate rules. On September 29, 2022, FinCEN issued final regulations implementing the amendments with respect to beneficial ownership.


Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulation

The U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, or OFAC, administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions against targeted foreign countries and regimes, under authority of various laws, including designated foreign countries, nationals and others. OFAC publishes lists of specially designated targets and countries. We are responsible for, among other things, blocking accounts of, and transactions with, such targets and countries, prohibiting unlicensed trade and financial transactions with them and reporting blocked transactions after their occurrence. Failure to comply with these sanctions could have serious financial, legal and reputational consequences, including causing applicable bank regulatory authorities not to approve merger or acquisition transactions when regulatory approval is required or to prohibit such transactions even if approval is not required.

Transactions with Affiliates


Banks are also subject to certain restrictions imposed by the Federal Reserve Act on extensions of credit to executive officers, directors, principal shareholders (including the Company) or any related interest of such persons. Extensions of credit must be made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than, those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with persons not affiliated with the bank, and must not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features. Banks are also subject to certain lending limits and restrictions on overdrafts to such persons. Regulation W requires that certain transactions between the Bank and its affiliates, including its holding company, be on terms substantially the same, or at least as favorable to the Bank, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with or involving nonaffiliatednon-affiliated companies or, in the absence of comparable transactions, on terms and under circumstances, including credit standards, that in good faith would be offered to or would apply to nonaffiliatednon-affiliated companies.


Interchange Fees

Under the Durbin Amendment, adopted as part of the Dodd-Frank Act, the FRB adopted rules establishing standards for assessing whether the interchange fees that may be charged with respect to certain electronic debit transactions are “reasonable and proportional” to the costs incurred by issuers for processing such transactions.

Interchange fees, or “swipe” fees, are charges that merchants pay to us and other card-issuing banks for processing electronic payment transactions. FRB rules applicable to financial institutions that have assets of $10 billion or more provide that the maximum permissible interchange fee for an electronic debit transaction is the sum of 21 cents per transaction and 5 basis points multiplied by the value of the transaction. An upward adjustment of no more than 1 cent to an issuer's debit card interchange fee is allowed if the card issuer develops and implements policies and procedures reasonably designed to achieve certain fraud-prevention standards. The FRB also has rules governing routing and exclusivity that require issuers to offer two unaffiliated networks for routing transactions on each debit or prepaid product. Effective July 1, 2023, a new FRB Federal Reserve rule will require that debit card issuers enable all debit card transactions, including card-not-present transactions such as online payments, to be processed on at least two unaffiliated payment card networks. The Bank is currently not subject to these restrictions, however if our assets exceed $10 billion or more at December 31, 2023, these rules would be applicable to the Bank in July 2024.

Impact of Monetary Policies


Banking is a business that depends on interest rate differentials. In general, the difference between the interest paid by a bank on its deposits and other borrowings, and the interest rate earned by banks on loans, securities and other interest-earning assets, comprises the major source of banks’ earnings. Thus, the earnings and growth of banks are subject to the influence of economic conditions generally, both domestic and foreign, and also to the monetary and fiscal policies of the United States and its agencies, particularly the FRB. The FRB implements national monetary policy, such as seeking to curb inflation and combat recession, by its open-market dealings in United States government securities, by adjusting the required level of reserves for financial institutions subject to reserve requirements and through adjustments to the discount rate applicable to borrowings by banks which are members of the FRB. The actions of the FRB in these areas influence the growth of bank loans, investments and deposits, and also affect interest rates. The nature and timing of any future changes in such policies and their impact on the Company cannot be predicted. In addition, adverse economic conditions could make a higher provision for loan losses a prudent course and could cause higher loan loss charge-offs, thus adversely affecting the Company’s net earnings.


Incentive Compensation Policies and Restrictions
9TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of ContentsITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There are


In July 2010, the federal banking agencies issued guidance on sound incentive compensation policies that applies to all banking organizations supervised by the agencies (thereby including both the Company and the Bank). Pursuant to the guidance, to be consistent with safety and soundness principles, a numberbanking organization’s incentive compensation arrangements should: (1) provide employees with incentives that appropriately balance risk and reward; (2) be compatible with effective controls and risk management; and (3) be supported by strong corporate governance including active and effective oversight by the banking organization’s board of factorsdirectors. Monitoring methods and processes used by a banking organization should be commensurate with the size and complexity of the organization and its use of incentive compensation.

The Dodd-Frank Act requires the federal banking agencies and the SEC to establish joint regulations or guidelines for specified regulated entities, such as us, having at least $1 billion in total assets, to prohibit incentive-based payment arrangements that encourage inappropriate risk taking by providing an executive officer, employee, director or principal shareholder with excessive compensation, fees, or benefits or that could lead to material financial loss to the entity. In addition, these regulators must establish regulations or guidelines requiring enhanced disclosure to regulators of incentive-based compensation arrangements. The agencies have not yet finalized these rules; however, on October 26, 2022, the SEC adopted a final rule regarding "clawbacks" of incentive-based executive compensation.

The scope and content of the U.S. banking regulators’ policies on executive compensation may continue to evolve in the near future. It cannot be determined at this time whether compliance with such policies will adversely affect the Company’s ability to hire, retain and motivate its key employees.

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities is subject to certain risks. In addition to the other information in this report, investors should carefully consider the following discussion of significant risk and uncertainties before making investment decisions about our securities. The events and consequences discussed in these risk factors could, in circumstances we may or may not be able to accurately predict, recognize, or control, have a material adverse effect on our business, growth, reputation, prospects, financial condition, operating results (including components of our financial results) liquidity, and stock price. Any of these risk factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from our historical results or stock price. Information concerning additionalthe results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this report. These risk factors relateddo not identify all risks that we face; our operations could also be affected by factors, events, or uncertainties that are not presently known to the proposed merger of the Company and FNB Bancorp is available in the Company’s registration statement on FormS-4 SECus or that we currently do not consider to be filed with the SEC. In analyzing whetherpresent significant risks to make or continue holding an investment in the Company, investors should consider, among other factors, the following:

our operations.


Risks Related to the Nature and Geographic Area of Our Business

We


The majority of our assets are exposedloans, which are subject to risks in connection with the loans we make.

credits risks.


As a lender, we face a significant risk that we will sustain losses because borrowers, guarantors andor related parties may fail to perform in accordance with the terms of the loans we make or acquire. Our earnings are significantly affected by our ability to properly originate, underwrite and service loans. We have underwriting and credit monitoring procedures and credit policies, including the establishment and review of the allowance for loancredit losses, that we believe appropriately address this risk by assessing the likelihood of nonperformance, tracking loan performance and diversifying our respective loan portfolios. Such policies and procedures, however, may not prevent unexpected losses that could adversely affect our results of operations. We could sustain losses if we incorrectly assess the creditworthiness of our borrowers or fail to detect or respond to deterioration in asset quality in a timely manner.

manner or as a result of deteriorating economic conditions, for example.


Our allowance for loancredit losses may not be adequate to cover actual losses.


Like other financial institutions, we maintain an allowance for loancredit losses to provide for loan defaults andnon-performance. Our allowance for loancredit losses may not be adequate to cover actual loan losses, and future provisions for loan losses would reduce our earnings and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and cash flows. The allowance for loan losses reflects our estimate of the probable incurred losses in our loan portfolio at the relevant balance sheet date.operations. Our allowance for loancredit losses is based on prior experience, as well as an evaluation of the known risks in the current portfolio, composition and growth of the loan portfolio and actual and forecast economic factors. Determining an appropriate level of loan loss allowance is an inherently difficult process and is based on numerous assumptions. The actual amount of future losses is susceptible to changes in economic, operating and other conditions, including changes in interest rates, unemployment and gross domestic product that may be beyond our control and these losses may exceed current estimates. Effective January 1, 2020, we implemented a new accounting standard, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” commonly referred to as the “Current Expected Credit Losses” standard, or “CECL,” CECL changed the allowance for credit losses methodology from an incurred loss concept to an expected loss concept, which is more dependent on future economic forecasts, assumptions and models than previous methodology, which could result in increases and add volatility to our allowance for credit losses and future provisions for loan losses. These forecasts, assumptions and models are inherently uncertain and are based upon our management’s reasonable judgment in light of information currently available.

In addition to periodic reviews completed by independent third parties retained by the Bank, Federal and state bank regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, review our loans and allowance for loancredit losses. While we believe that our allowance for loancredit losses is

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adequate to cover currentestimated future losses, we cannot assure you that we will not increase the allowance for loancredit losses further or that the allowance will be adequate to absorb loancredit losses we actually incur. EitherCredit losses in excess of these occurrences could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionallowance or addition provisions to our allowance would reduce our net income and resultscapital, potentially materially.


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Contents

Our business may be adversely affected by business conditions in northern and central California.


We conduct most of our business in northern and central California. As a result of this geographic concentration, our financial results may be impacted by economic conditions in California. Deterioration in the economic conditions in California could result in the following consequences, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows:


problem assets and foreclosures may increase,


demand for our products and services may decline,


low cost ornon-interest bearing deposits may decrease, and


collateral for loans made by us, especially real estate, may decline in value, in turn reducing customers’ borrowing power, and reducing the value of assets and collateral associated with our existing loans.


In view of the concentration of our operations and the collateral securing our loan portfolio in both northern and central California, we may be particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of any of these consequences, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.


Severe weather, natural disasters and other external events could adversely affect our business.

Our operations and our customer base are primarily located in California where natural and other disasters may occur. California is vulnerable to natural disasters and other risks, such as earthquakes, fires, droughts and floods, the nature and severity of which may be impacted by climate change. These types of natural catastrophic events have at times disrupted the local economies, our business and customers in these regions. Such events could also affect the stability of our deposit base; impair the ability of borrowers to obtain adequate insurance or repay outstanding loans, impair the value of collateral securing loans and cause significant property damage, result in losses of revenue and/or cause us to incur additional expenses. In addition, catastrophic events occurring in other regions of the world may have an impact on our customers and in turn, on us. Our business continuity and disaster recovery plans may not be successful upon the occurrence of one of these scenarios, and a significant catastrophic event anywhere in the world could materially adversely affect our operating results.

A significant majority of the loans in our portfolio are secured by California real estate and a downturndecline in our real estate marketsvalues could hurt our business.


A downturn in our real estate values in the markets in which we conduct our business in California could hurt our business because most of our loans are secured by real estate. Real estate values and real estate markets are generally affected by changes in national, regional or local economic conditions, fluctuations in interest rates and the availability of loans to potential purchasers, changes in tax laws and other governmental statutes, regulations and policiespolicies. Real estate values could also be affected by, among other things, earthquakes, drought and acts of nature.national disasters. As real estate prices decline, the value of real estate collateral securing our loans is reduced. As a result, our ability to recover on defaulted loans by foreclosing and selling the real estate collateral could then be diminished and we would be more likely to suffer losses on defaulted loans. As of December 31, 2017,2022, approximately 91.9%90.5% of the book value of our loan portfolio consisted of loans collateralized by various types of real estate. Substantially all of our real estate collateral is located in California. So, if there is a significant adverse decline in real estate values in California, the collateral for our loans will provide less security. Real estate values could also be affected by, among other things, earthquakes, drought and national disasters in our markets. Any such downturndecline could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and cash flows.

We depend on key personnel and the loss of one or more of those key personnel may materially and adversely affect our prospects.

Competition for qualified employees and personnel in the banking industry is intense and there are a limited number of qualified persons with knowledge of, and experience in, the California community banking industry. The process of recruiting personnel with the combination of skills and attributes required to carry out our strategies is often lengthy. Our success depends to a significant degree upon our ability to attract and retain qualified management, loan origination, finance, administrative, marketing and technical personnel and upon the continued contributions of our management and personnel. In particular, our success has been and continues to be highly dependent upon the abilities of our senior management team of Messrs. Smith, Bailey, Carney, Fleshood, O’Sullivan and Reddish, who have expertise in banking and collective experience in the California markets we serve and have targeted for future expansion. We also depend upon a number of other key executives who are California natives or are long-time residents and who are integral to implementing our business plan. The loss of the services of any one of our senior executive management team or other key executives could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

operations.


We are exposed to the risk of environmental liabilities with respect to properties to which we take title.


In the course of our business, we may foreclose and take title to real estate and could be subject to environmental liabilities with respect to these properties. We may be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage, personal injury, investigation andclean-up costs incurred by these parties in connection with environmental contamination, or may be required to investigate orclean-up hazardous or toxic substances, or chemical releases at a property. The costs associated with investigation or remediation activities could be substantial. In addition, if we are the owner or former owner of a contaminated site, we may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from the property. When applicable, we establish contingent liability reserves for this purpose based on future reasonable and estimable costs developed by qualified soil and chemical engineering consultants. If we become subject to significant environmental liabilities or if our contingency reserve estimates are incorrect, our business, financial condition and results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.

Strong


We face strong competition in Californiafrom financial services companies and other companies that offer similar services, which could hurtmaterially and adversely affect our profits.

business.


Competition in the banking and financial services industry is intense. Our profitability depends upon our continued ability to successfully compete. We primarily compete in northern and central California for loans, deposits and

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customers with commercial banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, finance companies, mutual funds, insurance companies, brokerage firms and Internet-based marketplace lending platforms. In particular, ourOur competitors include major financial companies whose greater resources may afford them a marketplace advantage by enabling them to maintain numerous locations and mount extensive promotional and advertising campaigns. Additionally, banks and other financial institutions with larger capitalization and financial intermediaries that are not subject to bank regulatory restrictions may have larger lending limits which would allow them to serve the credit needs of larger customers. Areas of competition include interest rates for loans and deposits, efforts to obtain loan and deposit customers and a range in quality of products and services provided, including new technology-driven products and services. Technological innovation continues to contribute to greater competition in domestic and international financial

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services markets as technological advances enable more companies, such as Internet-based marketplace lenders, financial technology (or “fintech”) companies that rely on technology to provide financial services, often without many of the regulatory and capital restrictions that we face. We also face competition fromout-of-state financial intermediaries that have opened loan production offices or that solicit deposits in our market areas. If we are unable to attract and retain banking customers, we may be unable to continue our loan growth and level of deposits and our business, financial condition and results of operations and cash flows may be adversely affected.

Our previous results may not be indicative of our future results.

We may not be able to sustain our historical rate of growth and level of profitability or may not even be able to grow our business or continue to be profitable at all. Various factors, such as economic conditions, regulatory and legislative considerations and competition, may also impede or prohibit our ability to expand our market presence and financial performance. If we experience a significant decrease in our historical rate of growth, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected due to a high percentage of our operating costs being fixed expenses.


We may be adversely affected by the soundness of other financial institutions.


Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of clearing, counterparty, or other relationships. We have exposure to many different industries and counterparties, and routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including commercial banks, brokers and dealers, and other institutional clients. Many of these transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of a default by a counterparty or client. In addition, our credit risk may be exacerbated when the collateral that we hold cannot be realized upon or is liquidated at prices not sufficient to recover the full amount of the credit or derivative exposure due to us. Any such losses could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Severe weather, natural disasters


We may need to raise additional capital, but it may not be available on acceptable terms or at all.

We are required by federal and state regulators to maintain adequate levels of capital. We may need to raise additional capital in the future to meet regulatory or other internal requirements. Our ability to raise additional capital, if needed, will depend on, among other things, conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside of our control, and our financial performance.

We cannot provide any assurance that access to such capital will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. An event that may limit our access to the capital markets, such as a decline in the confidence of investors or counter-parties participating in the capital markets, may materially and adversely affect our capital costs and our ability to raise capital and, in turn, our liquidity. Further, if we need to raise capital in the future, we may have to do so when many other financial institutions are also seeking to raise capital and we would then have to compete with those institutions for investors. The inability to raise additional capital on acceptable terms when needed could have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

Adverse changes in economic or market conditions may hurt our businesses.

Our success depends, to a certain extent, upon local, national and global economic and political conditions, as well as governmental monetary policies. Conditions such as an economic recession, rising unemployment, inflation, changes in interest rates, declines in asset values and other external eventsfactors beyond our control may adversely affect our asset quality, deposit levels and our net income. Adverse changes in the economy may also have a negative effect on the demand for new loans and the ability of our existing borrowers to make timely repayments of their loans, which could adversely impact our growth and earnings. Economic and market conditions may also be affected by political developments in the U.S. and other countries and global conflicts, such as the conflict in Ukraine. Uncertainty about the federal fiscal policymaking process, the fiscal outlook of the federal government, and future tax rates is a concern for businesses, consumers and investors in the United States The COVID-19 pandemic has caused and may continue to cause disruptions in the U.S. economy at large, and for small businesses in particular, and has resulted and may continue to result in disruptions to our customers’ businesses, and a decrease in consumer confidence and business generally.

If the United States economy weakens or does not improve, our growth and profitability from our lending, deposit and investment operations could be constrained. Any of these potential outcomes could cause us to suffer losses in our investment securities portfolio, reduce our liquidity and capital levels, hamper our ability to deliver products and services to our clients and customers, and weaken our results of operations and financial condition.

The effects of COVID-19 or a similar health crisis or pandemic, could adversely affect or operations or financial performance.

While U.S. and global economies have begun to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic and many health and safety restrictions have been lifted, certain adverse consequences of the pandemic, including labor shortages, disruptions of global supply chains, and inflationary pressures, continue to impact the economy and could adversely affect our business.

Our operations


The ongoing nature of the pandemic and our customer base are primarily located in northern and central California where natural and other disasters may occur. These regions are known for being vulnerable to natural disasters and other risks,its effects, such as earthquakes, fires, droughtschanges in customer behaviors and floods, the nature and severity of which may be impacted by climate change. These types of natural catastrophic events have at times disrupted the local economies, our business and customers in these regions. Such eventspreferences, are difficult to predict. The pandemic or a similar health crisis could also affect the stability of the Bank’s deposit base; impair the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans, impair the value of collateral securing loans and cause significant property damage, result in losses of revenue and/or cause us to incur additional expenses. In addition, catastrophic events occurringrecognize credit losses in other regionsour loan portfolios and increases in our allowance for credit losses, particularly if the effects of the world may havepandemic worsen or continue for an impactextended period of time. Our business depends on the willingness and ability of our customers and in turn, on us. Our business continuity and disaster recovery plans may not be successful upon the occurrence of one of these scenarios, and a significant catastrophic event anywhere in the world could materially adversely affect our operating results.

The impacts of recent tax reform are not yet fully known, and theseemployees to conduct banking and other tax regulations could be subjectfinancial transactions. Disruptions to potential legislative, administrative or judicial changes or interpretations.

The tax reform bill enacted on December 22, 2017 has had, and is expected to continue to have,far-reaching and significant effects on us, our customers andcaused by the U.S. economy. The tax reform bill lowered the corporate federal statutory tax rate and eliminated or limited certain federal corporate deductions. It is too early to evaluate all of the potential consequences of the tax reform bill, but such consequencesCOVID-19 pandemic could include lower commercial customer borrowings, either due to the increase in cash flows as a result of the reduction in the corporate statutory tax rate or the utilization by businesses in certain sectors of alternativenon-debt financing and/or early retirement of existing debt. Further, there can be no assurance that any benefits realized by us as a result of the reduction in the corporate federal statutory tax rate will ultimately result in increased netrisk of delinquencies, defaults, foreclosures and losses on our loans, as well as reductions in loan demand, the liquidity of loan guarantors, loan collateral values (particularly in real estate), loan originations, interest and noninterest income whether dueand deposit availability. Furthermore, the pandemic could cause us to decreased loan yields as a resultrecognize impairment of competition or to other factors. Uncertaintyour goodwill and our financial assets.


The COVID-19 pandemic has also exists related to state and other taxing jurisdictions’ response to federal tax reform, which willresulted in heightened operational risks. Some of our colleagues continue to be monitoredwork remotely at least part-time basis, which may create additional cybersecurity risks. The increase in online and evaluated.

Federal income tax treatmentremote banking activities may also increase the risk of corporations may be further clarified and modified by other legislative, administrative or judicial changes or interpretations at any time. Any such changes could adversely affect us.

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Market andfraud in certain instances.


Risks Related to Interest Rate Risk

FluctuationsRates


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Changes in interest rates may make it difficult for us to improve or maintain our current interest income spread and could reduceresult in reduced earnings and negatively impact our profitability and affect the value of our assets.

financial performance.


Like other financial institutions, we are subject to risks resulting from changes in interest rate risk.rates. Our primary source of income is net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on loans and leases and investments, and interest paid on deposits and borrowings. We expect that we will periodically experience imbalancesBecause of the differences in the interest rate sensitivitiesmaturities and repricing characteristics of our assets and liabilities and the relationships of various interest rates to each other. Over any defined period of time, our interest-earning assets may be more sensitive toand interest-bearing liabilities, changes in market interest rates than ourmay not produce matching changes in interest income we earn on interest-earning assets and interest we pay on interest-bearing liabilities, or vice-versa. In addition, the individual marketliabilities. Accordingly, fluctuations in interest rates underlyingcould adversely affect our loaninterest rate spread and, lease and deposit products may not change to the same degree over a given time period. If market interest rates should move contrary toin turn, our position, earnings may be negatively affected. profitability.

In addition, loan and lease volume and quality and deposit volume and mix can be affected by market interest rates as can the businesses of our clients. Changes in levels of market interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our net interest spread, asset quality, origination volume, the value of our loans and investment securities, deposit levels and overall profitability.

Market interest


Interest rates may be affected by many factors that are beyond the control of our control, and they fluctuate in response tomanagement, including general economic conditions and the policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies, in particular,authorities. The actions of the Federal Reserve Board.Board influence the rates of interest that we charge on loans and that we pay on borrowings and interest-bearing deposits. Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, may negatively affect our ability to originate loans and leases, the value of our assets and our ability to realize gains from the sale of our assets, all of which ultimately could affect our earnings.

In addition, the Federal Reserve raised benchmark interest rates throughout 2022 and may continue to raise interest rates in response to economic conditions, particularly inflationary pressures. We cannot predict the nature or timing of future changes in monetary, tax and other policies or the effects that they may have on our activities and financial results.


Our business is subject to interest rate risk and variations in interest rates may negatively affect our financial performance.

Because of the differences in the maturities and repricing characteristics of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, changes in interest rates do not produce equivalent changes in interest income earned on interest-earning assets and interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Accordingly, fluctuations in interest rates could adversely affect our interest rate spread and, in turn, our profitability. In addition, loan origination volumes are affected by market interest rates. Rising interest rates, generally, are associated with a lower volume of loan originations while lower interest rates are usually associated with higher loan originations. Conversely, in rising interest rate environments, loan repayment rates may decline and in falling interest rate environments, loan repayment rates may increase.


Although we were successful in generating new loans during 2017,2022, increasing interest rates may adversely affect the continuation of historically low long-termdemand for new loans and our loan growth. To supplement our organic loan growth, we from time-to-time will purchase loans from third parties that may have lower yields than those loans that we originate on our own.

Additionally, interest rate levels may cause additional refinancing of commercial real estate and1-4 family residenceincreases often result in larger payment requirements for our borrowers with variable rate loans, which increases the potential for default and could result in a decrease in the demand for loans. At the same time, the marketability of the property securing a loan may depress our loan volumesbe adversely affected by any reduced demand resulting from higher interest rates. An increase in interest rates that adversely affects the ability of borrowers to pay the principal or cause ratesinterest on loans may lead to decline. In addition,an increase in nonperforming assets and a reversal of income previously recognized, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Further, when we place a loan on nonaccrual status, we reverse any accrued but unpaid interest receivable, which decreases interest income. At the same time, we continue to incur costs to fund the loan, which is reflected as interest expense, without any interest income to offset the associated funding expense. Thus, an increase in the general levelamount of short-termnonperforming assets would have an adverse impact on net interest rates on variable rate loans may adversely affect the ability of certain borrowers to pay the interest on and principal of their obligations or reduce the amount they wish to borrow. Additionally,income. Furthermore, if short-term market rates rise, in order to retain existing deposit customers and attract new deposit customers we may need to increase rates we pay on deposit accounts.

Accordingly, changes in levels of market interest rates could materially and adversely affect our net interest spread, asset quality, loan origination volume, business, financial condition and results of operationsoperations.

Higher inflation could have a negative impact on our financial results and cash flows.

Regulatory Risks

Recently enactedoperations.


Inflation may negatively affect us by increasing our labor costs, through higher wages and higher interest rates, which may negatively affect the market value of securities on our balance sheet, higher interest expenses on our deposits, especially CDs, and a higher cost of our borrowings. Additionally, higher inflation levels could lead to higher oil and gas prices, which may negatively impact the net operating income on the properties which we lend on and could impair a borrower's ability to repay their loans.

Elevated inflation and expectations for elevated future inflation can adversely impact economic growth, consumer and business confidence, and our financial reform legislationcondition and results. In addition, elevated inflation may cause unexpected changes in monetary policies and actions which may adversely affect confidence, the economy, and our financial condition and results.

Supply chain constraints and a tightening labor markets could potentially exacerbate inflation and sustain it at elevated levels, even as growth slows. The risk of sustained high inflation would likely be accompanied by monetary policy tightening with potential negative effects on various elevated asset classes.
Reduction in the value, or impairment of our investment securities, can impact our earnings and common shareholders’ equity.

We maintained a balance of $2.6 billion, or approximately 26% of our assets, in investment securities at December 31, 2022. Changes in market interest rates can affect the fair value of these investment securities, with increasing interest rates generally resulting in a reduction of value. Although the reduction in value from temporary increases in market rates does not affect our income until the security is sold, it does result in an unrealized loss recorded in other comprehensive income that can reduce our common stockholders’ equity. Further, we must periodically test our investment securities for other-than-temporary impairment in value. In assessing whether the impairment of investment securities is other-than-temporary, we consider the length of time and extent to which the fair value has among other things, createdbeen less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and the intent and ability to retain our investment in the security for a new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, tightened capital standardsperiod of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value in the near term.

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Changes to LIBOR or SOFR may adversely affect the value of, and resulted in new laws and regulationsthe return on, our financial instruments that are expectedindexed to increase our costsLIBOR or SOFR.

In July 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced that it will no longer persuade or compel banks to submit rates for the calculation of operations.

LIBOR to the LIBOR administrator after 2021. The Dodd-Frank Act, which was enacted in 2010, significantly changedannouncement indicates that the continuation of LIBOR on the current bank regulatory structurebasis cannot and affectswill not be guaranteed after 2021. In November 2020, the lending, deposit, investment, trading and operating activitiesLIBOR administrator published a consultation regarding its intention to delay the date on which it will cease publication of financial institutions and their holding companies. Among other things,U.S. dollar LIBOR from December 31, 2021 to June 30, 2023 for the Dodd-Frank Act created a new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau with broad powers to supervise and enforce consumer protection laws. The CFPB has broad rule-making authority for a wide rangemost common tenors of consumer protection laws that apply to all banks and savings institutions,U.S. dollar LIBOR, including the authority to prohibit “unfair, deceptivethree-month LIBOR, but indicated no new contracts using U.S. dollar LIBOR should be entered into after December 31, 2021. Notwithstanding the publication of this consultation, there is no assurance of how long LIBOR of any currency or abusive” acts and practices. The CFPB has examination and enforcement authority over all banks and savings institutions with more than $10 billion in assets. Banks with $10 billion or less in assets, such as the Bank, are subject to the CFPB’s rules buttenor will continue to be examined for compliance with the consumer laws by their primary bank regulators. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act required the FDIC and FRB to adopt new, more stringent capital rules that apply to us. The Dodd-Frank Act also weakens the federal preemption rules that have been applicable for national banks and federal savings associations, and gives state attorneys general the ability to enforce federal consumer protection laws.

published. It is difficultimpossible to predict whether and to what extent banks will continue to provide LIBOR submissions to the continuing impact thatadministrator of LIBOR, whether LIBOR rates will cease to be published before June 30, 2023, or whether any additional reforms to LIBOR may be enacted in the Dodd-Frank ActUnited Kingdom or elsewhere. Although the Alternative Reference Rates Committee has announced Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as its recommended alternative to LIBOR, SOFR may not gain market acceptance or be widely used as a benchmark. Uncertainty as to the nature of such potential changes, alternative reference rates, the elimination or replacement of LIBOR, or other reforms may adversely affect the value of, and the yetreturn on our financial instruments.


The market transition away from LIBOR to be written implementing rules and regulations will have on community banks. However, italternative reference rates is expected that at a minimum they will increase our operating and compliance costscomplex and could increase ourhave a range of adverse effects on the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations. In particular, any such transition could:

adversely affect the interest expense.

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rates received or paid on the revenue and expenses associated with or the value of the Company’s LIBOR-based assets and liabilities;

adversely affect the interest rates received or paid on the revenue and expenses associated with or the value of other securities or financial arrangements, given LIBOR's role in determining market interest rates globally;
prompt inquiries or other actions from regulators in respect of the Company’s preparation and readiness for the replacement of LIBOR with an alternative reference rate; and
result in disputes, litigation, or other actions with borrowers or counterparties about the interpretation and enforceability of certain fallback language in LIBOR-based contracts and securities.

Risks Related to Regulatory and Legal Matters

We operate in a highly regulated environment and we may be adversely affected by new laws and regulations or changes in existing laws and regulations. RegulationsAny additional regulations are expected to increase our cost of operations. Furthermore, regulations may prevent or impair our ability to pay dividends, engage in acquisitions or operate in other ways.


We are subject to extensive regulation, supervision and examination by the DBO,DPFI, FDIC, and the FRB. See Item 1 - 1—Regulation and Supervision of this report for information on the regulation and supervision which governs our activities. Regulatory authorities have extensive discretion in their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the imposition of restrictions on our operations, the classification of our assets and determination of the level of our allowance for loancredit losses. Banking regulations, designed primarily for the protection of depositors, may limit our growth and the return to our shareholders by restricting certain of our activities, such as:


the payment of dividends to our shareholders,

possible mergers with or acquisitions of or by other institutions,

desired investments,

loans and interest rates on loans,

interest rates paid on deposits,

service charges on deposit account transactions,

the possible expansion or reduction of branch offices, and

the ability to provide securitiesnew products or trust services.

We also are subject to regulatory capital requirements. We could be subject to regulatory enforcement actions if any of our regulators determines for example, that we have violated a law of regulation, engaged in unsafe or unsound banking practice or lack adequate capital. Federal and state governments and regulators could pass legislation and adopt policies responsive to current credit conditions that would have an adverse effect on the Companyus and itsour financial performance. We cannot predict what changes, if any, will be made to existing federal and state legislation and regulations or the effect that such changes may have on our future business and earnings prospects. Any change in such regulation and oversight, whether in the form of regulatory policy, regulations, legislation or supervisory action, may have a material adverse impact on our operations.

Compliance with changing regulation of corporate governance and public disclosure may result in additional risks and expenses.

Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure,operations, including the Dodd-Frank Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and new SEC regulations, are creating additional expense for publicly-traded companies such as the Company. The application of these laws, regulations and standards may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies, which could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisionscost to disclosure and governance practices. We are committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance and public disclosure. As a result, our efforts to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards have resulted in, and are likely to continue to result in, increased expenses and a diversion of management time and attention. In particular, our efforts to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the related regulations regarding management’s required assessment of its internal control over financial reporting and its external auditors’ audit of our internal control over financial reporting requires, and will continue to require, the commitment of significant financial and managerial resources. Further, the members of our board of directors, members of our audit or compensation and management succession committees, our chief executive officer, our chief financial officer and certain other executive officers could face an increased risk of personal liability in connection with the performance of their duties. It may also become more difficult and more expensive to obtain director and officer liability insurance. As a result, our ability to attract and retain executive officers and qualified board and committee members could be more difficult.

We may be adversely affected by recent changes in U.S. tax laws.

The enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA”) on December 22, 2017 made significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code, many of which are highly complex and may require interpretations and implementing regulations. As a result of the TCJA’s reduction of the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, we were required to re-measure our net deferred tax assets and to record a charge to income tax expense in the quarter ended December 31, 2017 of approximately $7.4 million, which amount is subject to refinement in future periods as further information becomes available. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Income Taxes”. Furthermore, we may incur additional meaningful expenses (including professional fees) as the TCJA is implemented, and the expected impact of certain aspects of the statute remains unclear and subject to change.

The TCJA includes a number of provisions that will have an impact on the banking industry, borrowers and the market for residential real estate. These changes include: (i) a lower limit on the deductibility of mortgage interest on single-family residential mortgage loans, (ii) the elimination of interest deductions for home equity loans, (iii) a limitation on the deductibility of business interest expense, and (iv) a limitation on the deductibility of property taxes and state and local

14


income taxes. The TCJA may have an adverse effect on the market for and the valuation of residential properties, as well as on the demand for such loans in the future, and could make it harder for borrowers to make their loan payments. The value of the properties securing loans in our loan portfolio may be adversely impacted as a result of the changing economics of home ownership. Such an impact could require an increase in our provision for loan losses, which would reduce our profitability and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

conduct business.


Risks Related to Our Growth and Expansion

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Goodwill resulting from acquisitions may adversely affect our results of operations.

Goodwill


Our goodwill and other intangible assets have increased substantially as a result of our acquisitionacquisitions of Valley Republic Bank in 2022, FNB Bancorp in 2018 and North Valley Bancorp in 2014 and will further increase following our acquisition of FNBB.2014. Potential impairment of goodwill and amortization of other intangible assets could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. We assess our goodwill and other intangible assets and long-lived assets for impairment annually and more frequently when required by U.S. GAAP. We are required to record an impairment charge if circumstances indicate that the asset carrying values exceed their fair values. Our assessment of goodwill, other intangible assets, or long-lived assets could indicate that an impairment of the carrying value of such assets may have occurred that could result in a material,non-cash write-down of such assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and future earnings.


Potential acquisitions create risks and may disrupt our business and dilute shareholder value.

We intend to continue to explore opportunities for growth through mergers and acquisitions. Acquiring other banks, businesses, or branches involves various risks commonly associated with acquisitions, including, among other things:

incurring substantial expenses in pursuing potential acquisitions without completing such acquisitions,
exposure to potential asset quality issues of the target company,
losing key clients as a result of the change of ownership,
the acquired business not performing in accordance with our expectations,
difficulties and expenses arising in connection with the integration of the operations or systems conversion of the acquired business with our operations,
difficulty in estimating the value of the target company,
potential exposure to unknown or contingent liabilities of the target company,
management needing to divert attention from other aspects of our business,
potentially losing key employees of the acquired business,
incurring unanticipated costs which could reduce our earnings per share,
assuming potential liabilities of the acquired company as a result of the acquisition,
potential changes in banking or tax laws or regulations that may affect the target company,
potential disruption to our business, and
an acquisition may dilute our earnings per share, in both the short and long term, or it may reduce our tangible capital ratios.
Acquisitions may be delayed, impeded, or prohibited due to regulatory issues.

Acquisitions by financial institutions, including us, are subject to approval by a variety of federal and state regulatory agencies. The process for obtaining these required regulatory approvals has become substantially more difficult since the global financial crisis and more recently due to political actions. Furthermore, our ability to engage in certain merger or acquisition transactions depends on the bank regulators' views at the time as to our capital levels, quality of management, and overall condition, in addition to their assessment of a variety of other factors, including our compliance with laws and regulations. Regulatory approvals could be delayed, impeded, restrictively conditioned or denied due to existing or new regulatory issues we have, or may have, with regulatory agencies, including, without limitation, issues related to BSA compliance, CRA compliance, fair lending laws, fair housing laws, consumer protection laws and other laws and regulations. We may fail to pursue, evaluate or complete strategic and competitively significant acquisition opportunities as a result of our inability, or perceived or anticipated inability, to obtain regulatory approvals in a timely manner, under reasonable conditions or at all. Difficulties associated with potential acquisitions that may result from these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we cannot attract deposits, our growth may be inhibited.


We plan to increase the level of our assets, including our loan portfolio. Our ability to increase our assets depends in large part on our ability to attract additional deposits at favorable rates. We intend to seek additional deposits by offering deposit products that are competitive with those offered by other financial institutions in our markets and by establishing personal relationships with our customers. We cannot assure that these efforts will be successful. Our inability to attract additional deposits at competitive rates could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition results of operations and cash flows.

Existing and potential acquisitions may disrupt our business and dilute stockholder value.

On December 11, 2017, we entered into the Merger Agreement providing for our acquisition of FNBB and its wholly-owned subsidiary, First National Bank of Northern California. The Merger is expected to close in the second quarter of 2018, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, including the receipt of regulatory and shareholder approvals.

The success of the merger will depend on, among other things, our ability to realize the anticipated revenue enhancements and efficiencies and to combine the businesses of the Company and FNBB in a manner that does not materially disrupt the existing customer relationships of FNBB or result in decreased revenues resulting from any loss of customers and that permits growth opportunities to occur. If we are not able to successfully achieve these objectives, the anticipated benefits of the Merger may not be realized fully or at all or may take longer to realize than expected.

The Company and FNBB have operated and, until the completion of the Merger, will continue to operate, independently. It is possible that the integration process could result in the loss of key employees, the disruption of each company’s ongoing businesses or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies that adversely affect our ability to maintain relationships with clients, customers, depositors and employees or to achieve the anticipated benefits of the Merger. Integration efforts between the two companies could also divert management attention and resources.

These integration matters could have an adverse effect on each of the Company and FNBB the transition period and on the combined company following completion of the Merger.

We intend to continue to explore expanding our branch system through opening new bank branches andin-store branches in existing or new markets in northern and central California. In the ordinary course of business, we evaluate potential branch locations that would bolster our ability to cater to the small business, individual and residential lending markets in California. Any given new branch, if and when opened, will have expenses in excess of revenues for varying periods after opening that may adversely affect our results of operations or overall financial condition. As a result, merger or acquisition discussions and, in some cases, negotiations may take place and future mergers or acquisitions involving cash, debt or equity

15


securities may occur at any time. Acquisitions typically involve the payment of a premium over book and market values, and, therefore, some dilution of our stock’s tangible book value and net income per common share may occur in connection with any future transaction. Furthermore, failure to realize the expected revenue increases, cost savings, increases in geographic or product presence, and/or other projected benefits from recent or future acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We cannot say with any certainty that we will be able to consummate, or if consummated, successfully integrate future acquisitions or that we will not incur disruptions or unexpected expenses in integrating such acquisitions. In attempting to make such future acquisitions, we anticipate competing with other financial institutions, many of which have greater financial and operational resources. Acquiring other banks, businesses, or branches involves various risks commonly associated with acquisitions, including, among other things:

incurring substantial expenses in pursuing potential acquisitions without completing such acquisitions,

exposure to potential asset quality issues of the target company,

losing key clients as a result of the change of ownership,

the acquired business not performing in accordance with our expectations,

difficulties and expenses arising in connection with the integration of the operations of the acquired business with our operations,

difficulty in estimating the value of the target company,

needing to make significant investments and infrastructure, controls, staff, emergency backup facilities or other critical business functions that become strained by our growth,

management needing to divert attention from other aspects of our business,

potentially losing key employees of the acquired business,

incurring unanticipated costs which could reduce our earnings per share,

assuming potential liabilities of the acquired company as a result of the acquisition,

potential changes in banking or tax laws or regulations that may affect the target company,

potential disruption to our business, and

an acquisition may dilute our earnings per share, in both the short and long term, or it may reduce our tangible capital ratios.

Our growth and expansion may strain our ability to manage our operations and our financial resources.


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Our financial performance and profitability depend on our ability to execute our corporate growth strategy. In addition to seeking deposit and loan and lease growth in our existing markets, we may pursue expansion opportunities in new markets.markets, enter into new lines of business or market areas or offer new products or services. Continued growth, however, may present operating and other problems that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and cash flows.operations. Furthermore, any new line of business or market areas and/or new products or services could have a significant impact on the effectiveness of our system of internal controls. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will be able to execute our growth strategy or maintain the level of profitability that we have recently experienced.


Our growth may place a strain on our administrative, operational and financial resources and increase demands on our systems and controls. This business growth may require continued enhancements to and expansion of our operating and financial systems and controls and may strain or significantly challenge them. In addition, our existing operating and financial control systems and infrastructure may not be adequate to maintain and effectively monitor future growth. Our continued growth may also increase our need for qualified personnel. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in attracting, integrating and retaining such personnel.


We will become subject to increased regulation when we have more than $10 billion in total consolidated assets.

An insured depository institution with $10 billion or more in total assets is subject to supervision, examination, and enforcement with respect to consumer protection laws by the CFPB rather than its primary federal banking regulator. Under its current policies, the CFPB will assert jurisdiction in the first quarter after an insured depository institution’s call reports show total consolidated assets of $10 billion or more for four consecutive quarters. The Bank had slightly less than $10 billion in total assets at December 31, 2022, so it is possible that with only modest growth, the CFPB, instead of the FDIC, may soon have primary examination and enforcement authority over the Bank. As an independent bureau within the Federal Reserve Board focused solely on consumer financial protection, the CFPB may interpret or enforce consumer protection laws more strictly or severely than the FDIC.

Additionally, other regulatory requirements apply to depository institutions and holding companies with $10 billion or more in total consolidated assets, including a cap on interchange transaction fees for debit cards, as required by Federal Reserve Board regulations, which would reduce our interchange revenue, and restrictions on proprietary trading and investment and sponsorship in hedge funds and private equity funds known as the Volcker Rule. See also Item 1 - Regulation and Supervision - Interchange Fees in this report. Further, deposit insurance assessment rates are calculated differently, and may be higher, for insured depository institutions with $10 billion or more in total consolidated assets.

Risks Relating to Dividends andOwnership of Our Common Stock


Our future ability to pay dividends is subject to legal and regulatory restrictions.


Our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders is limited by California law and the policies and regulations of the FRB. The FRB has issued a policy statement on the payment of cash dividends by bank holding companies, which expresses the FRB’s view that a bank holding company should pay cash dividends only to the extent that its net income for the past year is sufficient to cover both the cash dividends and a rate of earnings retention that is consistent with the holding company’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. See “Regulation and Supervision – Restrictions on Dividends and Distributions.”

As a holding company with no significant assets other than the Bank, we depend on dividends from the Bank to fund our operations and for a substantial portion of our revenues. Our ability to continue to pay dividends depends in large part upon our receipt ofthe Bank’s ability to pay dividends or other capital distributions from the Bank.to us. The Bank’s ability of the Bank to pay dividends or make other capital distributions to us is subject to the restrictions in the California Financial Code. As

Our ability to pay dividends to our shareholder and the ability of December 31, 2017, the Bank could have paid approximately $85,254,000to pay in dividends to TriCo withoutus are by the prior approval of the DBO. The amountrequirements that the Bank may pay in dividends is further restricted due towe and the fact that the Bank must maintain a certain minimum amount of capital to be considered a “well capitalized” institution as well as a separate capital conservation buffer, as further described under “Item 1 – Supervision and Regulation — Regulatory Capital Requirements” in this report.

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From time to time, we may become a party to financing agreements or other contractual arrangements that have the effect of limiting or prohibiting us or the Bank from declaring or paying dividends. Our holding company expenses and obligations with respect to our trust preferred securities and corresponding junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures issued by us may limit or impair our ability to declare or pay dividends. Finally,

Provisions of our ability to pay dividends is also subject to the restrictions of the California Corporations Code. See “Regulation and Supervision – Restrictions on Dividends and Distributions.”

Anti-takeover provisionsgoverning documents and federal law may limit the ability of another party to acquire us, which could cause our stock price to decline.


Various provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws could delay or prevent a third party from acquiring us, even if doing so might be beneficial to our shareholders. These provisions provide for, among other things, specified actions that the Board of Directors shall or may take when an offer to merge, an offer to acquire all assets or a tender offer is received and the authority to issue preferred stock by action of the board of directors acting alone, without obtaining shareholder approval.


The BHC Act and the Change in Bank Control Act of 1978, as amended, together with federal regulations, require that, depending on the particular circumstances, either FRB approval must be obtained or notice must be furnished to the FRBFederal Reserve Board and not disapproved prior to any person or entity acquiring “control” of a bank holding company such as TriCo. These provisions may prevent a merger or acquisition that would be attractive to shareholders and could limit the price investors would be willing to pay in the future for our common stock.

Thestock

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Holders of our junior subordinated debentures have rights that are senior to those of our shareholders.

We have supported our growth through the prior issuance of trust preferred securities from special purpose trusts and accompanying junior subordinated debentures. At December 31, 2022, we had outstanding trust preferred securities and accompanying junior subordinated debentures with principal amount of $98,889,000. Payments of the principal and interest on the trust preferred securities are conditionally guaranteed by us. Further, the accompanying junior subordinated debentures we issued to the trusts are senior to our shares of common stock owned by, and other compensation arrangements with, our officers and directors maystock. As a result, we must make it more difficult to obtain shareholder approval of potential takeovers that they oppose.

As of December 31, 2017, directors and executive officers beneficially owned approximately 8.9% ofpayments on the junior subordinated debentures before we can pay any dividends on our common stock and, in the event of our Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) owned approximately 5.1%. Agreements withbankruptcy, dissolution or liquidation, the holders of the junior subordinated debentures must be satisfied before any distributions can be made on our senior management also provide for significant payments under certain circumstances following a change in control. These compensation arrangements, together with the common stock beneficially owned by our board of directors, management, and the ESOP could make it difficult or expensive to obtain majority support for shareholder proposals or potential acquisition proposals of us that our directors and officers oppose.

stock.


We may issue additional common stock or other equity securities in the future which could dilute the ownership interest of existing shareholders.


In order to maintain our capital at desired orregulatory-required levels, or to fund future growth, our board of directors may decide from time to time to issue additional shares of common stock, or securities convertible into, exchangeable for or representing rights to acquire shares of our common stock. The sale of these shares may significantly dilute your ownership interest as a shareholder. New investors in the future may also have rights, preferences and privileges senior to our current shareholders which may adversely impact our current shareholders.

Holders of our junior subordinated debentures have rights that are senior to those


The trading price of our common stockholders.

We have supportedstock price can be volatile.


Stock price volatility may make it more difficult for our continued growth through the issuanceshareholders to resell their common stock when they want and at prices they find attractive. The trading price of trust preferred securities from special purpose trusts and accompanying junior subordinated debentures. At December 31, 2017, we had outstanding trust preferred securities and accompanying junior subordinated debentures with face value of $62,889,000. Payments of the principal and interest on the trust preferred securities are conditionally guaranteed by us. Further, the accompanying junior subordinated debentures we issued to the trusts are senior to our shares of common stock. As a result, we must make payments on the junior subordinateddebentures before we can pay any dividends on our common stock can fluctuate significantly in response to a variety of factors including, among other things:

•     actual or anticipated variations in quarterly results of operations;
•     recommendations by securities analysts;
•     operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to the Company;
•    trends, concerns and other issues in the eventfinancial services industry or California economy;
investor sentiments toward depository institutions generally;
•     marketplace perceptions in the marketplace regarding the Company and/or its competitors;
•     new technology used, or services offered, by competitors;
•     significant acquisitions or business combinations involving the Company or its competitors; and
•     changes in government regulations, including tax laws.
General market fluctuations, industry factors and general economic and political conditions and events, such as economic slowdowns or recessions, interest rate changes or credit loss trends could also cause the Company’s stock price to decrease regardless of our bankruptcy, dissolution or liquidation, the holders of the junior subordinated debentures must be satisfied before any distributions can be made on our common stock.

operational results.


Risks Relating to Operations, Technology Systems, Accounting and Internal Controls


If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal and disclosure controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, current and potential shareholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm our business and the trading price of our securities.


Effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and effectively prevent fraud and to operate successfully as a public company. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our reputation and operating results would be harmed. We continually review and analyze our internal control over financial reporting for Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404 compliance. As part of that process we may discover material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control as defined under standards adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board that require remediation. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination

17


of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected in a timely basis. A significant deficiency is a deficiency or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting that is less severe than material weakness, yet important enough to merit attention by those responsible for the oversight of the Company’s financial reporting.


As a result of weaknesses that may be identified in our internal controls, we may also identify certain deficiencies in some of our disclosure controls and procedures that we believe require remediation. If we discover weaknesses, we will make efforts to improve our internal and disclosure controls. However, there is no assurance that we will be successful. Any failure to maintain effective controls or timely effect any necessary improvement of our internal and disclosure controls could harm operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, which could affect our ability to remain listed with Nasdaq. Ineffective internal and disclosure controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our securities.

We rely on communications, information, operating and financial control systems technology and we may suffer an interruption in

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A failure or breach, including cyberattacks, of our operational or security systems or of those of our customers or contracted vendors, could disrupt our business, result in the disclosure of confidential information, damage our reputation, and create significant financial and legal exposure.

We, our customers, our vendors, regulators and other third parties have been subject to, and are likely to continue to be the target of, cyberattacks. Although we devote significant resources to maintain and regularly upgrade our systems and processes that are designed to protect the security of thoseour computer systems, software, networks, and other technology assets and the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information belonging to us and our customers, there is no assurance that our security measures will provide absolute security. Further, to access our products and services our customers may use computers and mobile devices that are beyond our security control systems.

We rely heavily on In recent years, many financial institutions, including the Company, have been subjected to sophisticated and targeted attacks intended to obtain unauthorized access to confidential information, destroy data, disrupt or degrade service, sabotage systems or cause other damage, including through the introduction of computer viruses or malware, cyber attacks and other means and expect to be subject to such attacks in the future. Certain financial institutions and companies involved in data processing in the United States have also experienced attacks from technically sophisticated and well-resourced third parties that were intended to disrupt normal business activities by making internet banking systems inaccessible to customers for extended periods. These “denial-of-service” attacks have not breached our communications, information, operatingdata security systems, but require substantial resources to defend, and financial control systems technologymay affect customer satisfaction and behavior.


Continued geographical turmoil, including the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, has heightened the risk of cyberattack and has created new risk for cybersecurity, and similar concerns. For example, the United States government has warned that sanctions imposed against Russia by the United States in response to conduct our business. We rely on third party services providersits conflict with Ukraine could motivate Russia to provide many of these systems. Any failure, interruption or breachengage in security of these systemsmalicious cyber activities against the United States. If such cyberattacks occurred, it could result in failuressevere costs and disruptions to governmental entities and companies and their operations. The impact of the conflict and retaliatory measures is continually evolving and cannot be predicted with certainty.

Despite our efforts to ensure the integrity of our systems, it is possible that we may not be able to anticipate or interruptionsto implement effective preventive measures against all security breaches of these types, especially because the techniques used change frequently or are not recognized until launched, and because security attacks can originate from a wide variety of sources, including persons who are involved with organized crime or associated with external service providers or who may be linked to terrorist organizations or hostile foreign governments. Those parties may also attempt to fraudulently induce employees, customers or other users of our systems to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to our data or that of our customers or clients. We have implemented employee and customer awareness training around phishing, malware, and other cyber risks, however there can no assurances that this training will be completely effective. These risks may increase in the future as we continue to increase our electronic payments and other internet-based product offerings and expand our internal usage of web-based products and applications.

If our security systems or those of our third party vendors, contractors and customers are penetrated or circumvented, it could cause serious negative consequences for us, including significant disruption of our operations, misappropriation or theft of our confidential information or that of our customers, or damage our computers or systems and those of our customers and counterparties, and could result in violations of applicable privacy and other laws, financial loss to us or to our customers, loss of confidence in our security measures, customer relationship management, general ledger, deposit, servicingdissatisfaction, significant litigation exposure, and loan origination systems. We cannot assure you that such failures, interruptions or security breaches will not occur or, if they do occur, that they will be adequately addressed by us or the third parties service providers on which we rely. The occurrence of any failures, interruptions or security breaches could damageharm to our reputation, result in a lossall of customers, expose us to possible financial liability, lead to additional regulatory scrutiny or require that we make expenditures for remediation or prevention. Any of these circumstanceswhich could have a material adverse effect on our business,us. If personal, confidential or proprietary information of customers or clients in the Bank’s or such vendors’ or other third-parties’ possession were to be mishandled or misused, we could suffer significant regulatory consequences, reputational damage and financial condition,loss.

We may not be able to anticipate all security breaches, nor may we be able to implement guaranteed preventive measures against such security breaches. Additionally, a security breach may be difficult to detect, even after it occurs, which may compound the issues related to such breach.

For example, as previously disclosed in the Current Report 8-K filed by us on February 14, 2023, the Bank experienced a network security incident, where unusual network activity was detected, and management shut down all networked systems which prevented employees from accessing internal systems, data and telephones for a limited period of time. Upon discovering the incident, the Bank immediately launched an investigation and engaged a digital forensics firm to help determine the scope of the incident and identify potentially impacted data. In addition, the Bank promptly notified law enforcement and banking regulators about the incident. The Bank believes that its core banking systems, including those that facilitate loan or deposit related transactions, were not affected by this event as evidenced by the Bank’s general ability to resume customer facing operations within two days. However, the Bank’s internal system access as well as communication capabilities, including e-mail correspondence and telephones, required approximately one week of time for the restoration process to be completed in a safe and secure environment.

The Bank continues to work with third-party forensic investigators to understand the nature and scope of the incident and to determine what information may have been accessed and who may have been impacted. The investigation is on-going.

While we continue to evaluate the impact of this incident, we remain subject to risks and uncertainties as a result, including legal, reputational, and financial risks, the results of operationsour ongoing investigation of this security incident, any potential regulatory inquiries and/or litigation to which we may become subject in connection with this incident, and cash flows.

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the extent of remediation and other additional costs that may be incurred by us. To date, we do not believe such consequences are material, however the network security incident is still recent and the investigation is ongoing. Although we maintain insurance coverage, including cybersecurity insurance, the amount of coverage available may not cover all losses. We rely on certain third-party vendors.

We are reliant upon certain third-party vendorsanticipate that we will incur additional expenses in future periods. Network breaches at other financial institutions have, in some instances, resulted in litigation, government investigations and other regulatory enforcement inquiries. Given the uncertainties about the impact of the incident and the inherent uncertainties involved in litigation, government investigations and regulatory

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enforcement decisions, there is significant uncertainty as to provide productsthe ultimate liability and services necessary to maintain ourday-to-day operations. Accordingly, our operations are exposed to risk thatexpense we may incur from these vendors will not perform in accordance with applicable contractual arrangementskinds of matters, if any. The finding, or service level agreements. We maintain a systemeven the assertion, of policiessubstantial legal liability against us and procedures designed to monitor vendor risks including, among other things, (i) changes in the vendor’s organizational structure, (ii) changes in the vendor’s financial condition, (iii) changes in existing products and services or the introduction of new products and services, and (iv) changes in the vendor’s support for existing products and services. While we believe these policies and procedures help to mitigate risk, the failure of an external vendor to perform in accordance with applicable contractual arrangements or the service level agreements could be disruptive to our operations, whichany regulatory enforcement actions could have a material adverse effect on our business and our financial condition and resultscould cause significant reputational harm to us, which could seriously harm our business. In addition, litigation, regulatory interventions, and media reports of operations.

perceived security vulnerabilities and any resulting damage to our reputation or loss of confidence in the security of our systems could adversely affect our business. As cyber threats continue to evolve, we have been and will likely continue to be required to expend significant resources to continuously enhance our protective measures and may be required to expend significant resources to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities or incidents.


Our reliance on third-party vendors exposes us to risks, including additional cybersecurity risks.

Third-party vendors provide key components of our business infrastructure, including certain data processing and information services. On our behalf, third parties may transmit confidential, propriety information. Some of these third parties may engage vendors of their own, which introduces the risk that these "fourth parties" could be the source of operational and/or security failures. Although we require third-party providers and these fourth-party vendors to maintain certain levels of information security, such providers may remain vulnerable to breaches, unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses, or other malicious attacks that could ultimately compromise sensitive information. While we may contractually limit our liability in connection with attacks against third-party providers, we remain exposed to the risk of loss associated with such vendors.

In addition, a number of our vendors are large national entities with dominant market presence in their respective fields. Their services could prove difficult to replace in a timely manner if a failure or other service interruption were to occur. Failures of certain vendors to provide contracted services could adversely affect our ability to deliver products and services to our customers and cause us to incur significant expense.

Our business is highly reliant on technology and our ability and our third partythird-party service providers to manage the operational risks associated with technology.


Our business involves storing and processing sensitive consumer and business customer data. We depend on internal systems, third party service providers, cloud services and outsourced technology to support these data storage and processing operations. Despite our efforts to ensure the security and integrity of our systems, we may not be able to anticipate, detect or recognize threats to our systems or those of third partythird-party service providers or to implement effective preventive measures against all cyber securitycybersecurity breaches. Cyberattack techniques change regularly and can originate from a wide variety of sources, including third parties who are or may be involved in organized crime or linked to terrorist organizations or hostile foreign governments, and such third parties may seek to gain access to systems directly or using equipment or security passwords belonging to employees, customers, third-party service providers or other users of our systems. These risks may increase in the future as we continue to increase our mobile, digital and other internet-based product offerings and expands our internal usage of web-based products and applications. A cyber securitycybersecurity breach or cyberattack could persist for a long time before being detected and could result in theft of sensitive data or disruption of our transaction processing systems.


Our inability to use or access these information systems at critical points in time could unfavorably impact the timeliness and efficiency of our business operations. A material breach of customer data security [such as a possible breach of customer data in connection with the network security incentive discussed above, may negatively impact our business reputation and cause a loss of customers, result in increased expense to contain the event and/or require that we provide credit monitoring services for affected customers, result in regulatory fines and sanctions and/or result in litigation. Cyber securityCybersecurity risk management programs are expensive to maintain and will not protect us from all risks associated with maintaining the security of customer data and our proprietary data from external and internal intrusions, disaster recovery and failures in the controls used by our vendors.

Cybersecurity and data privacy are areas of heightened legislative and regulatory focus.

As cybersecurity and data privacy risks for banking organizations and the broader financial system have significantly increased in recent years, cybersecurity and data privacy issues have become the subject of increasing legislative and regulatory focus. The federal bank regulatory agencies have proposed enhanced cyber risk management standards, which would apply to a wide range of large financial institutions and their third-party service providers, including us, and would focus on cyber risk governance and management, management of internal and external dependencies, and incident response, cyber resilience and situational awareness. Several states have also proposed or adopted cybersecurity legislation and regulations, which require, among other things, notification to affected individuals when there has been a security breach of their personal data. For more information regarding cybersecurity regulation, refer to the “Supervision and Regulation” section of this report.

We receive, maintain and store non-public personal information of our customers and counterparties, including, but not limited to, personally identifiable information and personal financial information. The sharing, use, disclosure, and protection of this information are governed by federal and state law. Both personally identifiable information and personal financial information is increasingly subject to legislation and regulation, the intent of which is to protect the privacy of personal information that is collected and handled. For more information regarding data privacy regulation, refer to the “Supervision and Regulation” section of this report.

We may become subject to new legislation or regulation concerning cybersecurity or the privacy of personally identifiable information and personal financial information or of any other information we may store or maintain. We could be adversely affected if new legislation or regulations are adopted or if existing legislation or regulations are modified such that we are required to alter our systems or require changes to our business practices or privacy policies. If new or existing cybersecurity, data privacy, data protection, data transfer or data retention laws are implemented, interpreted or applied in a manner inconsistent with our current practices, including as a result of the network security incident discussed above, we may be subject to fines, litigation or regulatory enforcement actions or ordered to change our
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business practices, policies or systems in a manner that adversely impacts our operating results. In addition, Congressany additional laws and the legislatures of states in which we operate regularly consider legislation that would impose more stringent data privacy requirements, resultingregulatory enforcement measures will result in increased compliance costs.


A failure to implement technological advances could negatively impact our business.


The banking industry is undergoing technological changes with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. In addition to improving customer services, the effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to reduce costs. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to address the needs of our customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands for convenience as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do to invest in technological improvements. We may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or successfully market such products and services to our customers.

In addition, advances in technology such as digital, mobile, telephone, text, and online banking; e-commerce; and self-service automatic teller machines and other equipment, as well as changing customer preferences to access our products and services through digital channels, could decrease the value of our branch network and other assets. We may close or sell certain branches and restructure or reduce our remaining branches and work force. These actions could lead to losses on assets, expense to reconfigure branches and loss of customers in certain markets. As a result, our business, financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected.


We can be negatively affected if we fail to identify and address operational risks associated with the introduction of or changes to products, services and delivery platforms.

When we launch a new product or service, introduce a new platform for the delivery or distribution of products or services (including mobile connectivity and cloud computing), or make changes to an existing product, service or delivery platform, it may not fully appreciate or identify new operational risks that may arise from those changes, or may fail to implement adequate controls to mitigate the risks associated with those changes. Any significant failure in this regard could diminish our ability to operate one or more of our businesses or result in:

potential liability to clients, counterparties and customers;
increased operating expenses;
higher litigation costs, including regulatory fines, penalties and other sanctions;
damage to our reputation;
impairment of our liquidity;
regulatory intervention; or
weaker competitive standing.
Any of the foregoing consequences could materially and adversely affect our businesses and results of operations.

Our risk management framework may not be effective in identifying and mitigating every risk to us.

Any inadequacy or lapse in our risk management framework, governance structure, practices, models or reporting systems could expose it to unexpected losses, and our financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. Any such inadequacy or lapse could:

hinder the timely escalation of material risk issues to our senior management and the Board of Directors;
lead to business decisions that have negative outcomes for us;
require significant resources and time to remediate;
lead to non-compliance with laws, rules and regulations;
attract heightened regulatory scrutiny;
expose us to regulatory investigations or legal proceedings;
subject us to litigation or regulatory fines, penalties or other sanctions;
harm our reputation; or
otherwise diminish confidence in TriCo.
We rely on data to assess many of our various risk exposures. Any deficiencies in the quality or effectiveness of our data gathering, analysis and validation processes could result in ineffective risk management practices. These deficiencies could also result in inaccurate risk reporting.

General Risk Factors
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We depend on key personnel and the loss of one or more of those key personnel may materially and adversely affect our prospects.

Our future operating results depend substantially upon the continued service of our executive officers and key personnel. Our future operating results also depend in significant part upon our ability to attract and retain qualified management, financial, technical, marketing, sales and support personnel. Competition for qualified personnel is intense, and we cannot ensure success in attracting or retaining qualified personnel. There may be only a limited number of persons with the requisite skills to serve in these positions, and it may be increasingly difficult for us to hire personnel over time. Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by the loss of any of our key employees, or our inability to attract and retain skilled employees.

Our business could suffer if we fail to attract and retain skilled people.

Our success depends, in large part, on our ability to attract and retain key people. Competition for the best people in many activities engaged in by us is intense including with respect to compensation and emerging workplace practices, accommodations and remote work options, and we may not be able to hire people or to retain them.In addition, the transition to increased work-from-home arrangements, which is likely to survive the COVID-19 pandemic for many companies, may exacerbate the challenges of attracting and retaining talented and diverse employees as job markets may be less constrained by physical geography. Our current or future approach to in-office and work-from-home arrangements may not meet the needs or expectations of our current or prospective employees or may not be perceived as favorable as compared to the arrangements offered by competitors, which could adversely affect our ability to attract and retain employees.

Our previous results may not be indicative of our future results.

We may not be able to sustain our historical rate of growth and level of profitability or may not even be able to grow our business or continue to be profitable at all. Various factors, such as economic conditions, regulatory and legislative considerations and competition, may also impede or prohibit our ability to expand our market presence and financial performance. If we experience a significant decrease in our historical rate of growth, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected due to a high percentage of our operating costs being fixed expenses.

Compliance with changing regulation of corporate governance and public disclosure may result in additional risks and expenses.

Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Dodd-Frank Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and new SEC regulations, have created additional expense for publicly traded companies such as the Company. The application of these laws, regulations and standards may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies, which could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We are committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance and public disclosure. As a result, our efforts to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards have resulted in, and are likely to continue to result in, increased expenses and a diversion of management time and attention. In particular, our efforts to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the related regulations regarding management’s required assessment of its internal control over financial reporting and our external auditors’ audit of our internal control over financial reporting requires, and will continue to require, the commitment of significant financial and managerial resources. Further, the members of our board of directors, members of our audit or compensation and management succession committees, our chief executive officer, our chief financial officer and certain other executive officers could face an increased risk of personal liability in connection with the performance of their duties. It may also become more difficult and more expensive to obtain director and officer liability insurance. As a result, our ability to attract and retain executive officers and qualified board and committee members could be more difficult.

Tax regulations could be subject to potential legislative, administrative or judicial changes or interpretations.

Federal income tax treatment of corporations may be clarified and/or modified by legislative, administrative or judicial changes or interpretations at any time. Given the current economic and political environment, and ongoing budgetary pressures, the enactment of new federal or state tax legislation or new interpretations of existing tax laws could occur. The enactment of such legislation, or changes in the interpretation of existing law may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.

In the normal course of business, we are routinely subjected to examinations and audits from federal, state, and local taxing authorities regarding tax positions taken by us and the determination of the amount of tax due. These examinations may relate to income, franchise, gross receipts, payroll, property, sales and use, or other tax returns. The challenges made by taxing authorities may result in adjustments to the amount of taxes due, and may result in the imposition of penalties and interest. If any such challenges are not resolved in our favor, they could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.

Claims, litigation, government investigations, and other proceedings may adversely affect our business and results of operations

As a community financial institution, we are at times subject to actual and threatened claims, litigation, reviews, investigations, and other proceedings, including proceedings by governments and regulatory authorities, involving a wide range of issues, including labor and employment, data protection, data security, network security, consumer protection, commercial disputes, goods and services offered by us and by third parties, and other matters. Any of these types of proceedings can have an adverse effect on us because of legal costs, disruption of our operations, diversion of management resources, negative publicity, and other factors. The outcomes of these matters are inherently unpredictable and subject to significant uncertainties. Determining legal reserves for possible losses from such matters involves judgment and may not reflect the full range of uncertainties and unpredictable outcomes. Until the final resolution of such matters, we may be exposed to losses in excess of the amount recorded, and such amounts could be material. Should any of our estimates and assumptions
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change or prove to have been incorrect, it could have a material effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, it is possible that a resolution of one or more such proceedings, including as a result of a settlement, could involve licenses, sanctions, consent decrees, or orders requiring us to make substantial future payments, preventing us from offering certain products or services, requiring us to change our business practices in a manner materially adverse to our business, requiring development of non-infringing or otherwise altered products or technologies, damaging our reputation, or otherwise having a material effect on our operations.

Climate change could have a material negative impact on us and our clients.

Our business, as well as the operations and activities of our clients, could be negatively impacted by climate change. Climate change presents both immediate and long-term risks to us and our clients, and these risks are expected to increase over time. Climate change presents multi-faceted risks, including: operational risk from the physical effects of climate events on the us and our clients’ facilities and other assets; credit risk from borrowers with significant exposure to climate risk; transition risks associated with the transition to a less carbon-dependent economy; and reputational risk from stakeholder concerns about our practices related to climate change, our carbon footprint, and our business relationships with clients who operate in carbon-intensive industries.

Federal and state banking regulators and supervisory authorities, investors, and other stakeholders have increasingly viewed financial institutions as important in helping to address the risks related to climate change both directly and with respect to their clients, which may result in financial institutions coming under increased pressure regarding the disclosure and management of their climate risks and related lending and investment activities. Given that climate change could impose systemic risks upon the financial sector, either via disruptions in economic activity resulting from the physical impacts of climate change or changes in policies as the economy transitions to a less carbon-intensive environment, we may face regulatory risk of increasing focus on our resilience to climate-related risks, including in the context of stress testing for various climate stress scenarios. Ongoing legislative or regulatory uncertainties and changes regarding climate risk management and practices may result in higher regulatory, compliance, credit, and reputational risks and costs.

With the increased importance and focus on climate change, we are making efforts to enhance our governance of climate change-related risks and integrate climate considerations into our risk governance framework. Nonetheless, the risks associated with climate change are rapidly changing and evolving in an escalating fashion, making them difficult to assess due to limited data and other uncertainties. We could experience increased expenses resulting from strategic planning, litigation, and technology and market changes, and reputational harm as a result of negative public sentiment, regulatory scrutiny, and reduced investor and stakeholder confidence due to our response to climate change and our climate change strategy, which, in turn, could have a material negative impact on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.


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ITEM 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2.    PROPERTIES

The Company is engaged in the banking business through 5764 traditional branches, 96 in-store branches and 28 loan production offices in 2632 counties in northern and centralthroughout California including twelve offices in Shasta County, eight inthe counties of Butte, County, six in Humboldt County, five in Nevada County, four in Sacramento and Stanislaus Counties, three in Placer and Siskiyou Counties, two each in Fresno, Glenn, Mendocino, Sutter and Trinity Counties, and one each in Colusa, Contra Costa, Del Norte, Fresno, Glenn, Humboldt, Kern, Lake, Lassen,Los Angeles, Madera, Mendocino, Merced, Nevada, Orange, Placer, Sacramento, San Diego, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Shasta, Siskiyou, Sonoma, Stanislaus, Sutter, Tehama, Trinity, Tulare, Yolo and Yuba Counties.Yuba. All offices are constructed and equipped to meet prescribed security requirements.

The

As of December 31, 2022, the Company owns twenty-nine branch office locations, one administrative building with a branch location, five administrative buildings, and one other building that it leases out. The Company leases thirty-sixowned 31 branch office locations, two administrative buildings that include branch locations, and 10 other buildings that are used as either administrative, operational, or loan production offices. The Company leased 31 branch office locations, 6 in-store branch locations, 8 loan production offices and three administrative locations.3 other operational buildings. Most of the leases contain multiple renewal options and provisions for rental increases, principally for changes in the cost of living index, property taxes and maintenance.

19


 All of the Company’s existing facilities are considered to be adequate for the Company’s present and future use. In the opinion of management, all properties are adequately covered by insurance. See “Note 7 – Premises and Equipment” to the consolidated financial statements at Part II, Item 8 of this report.

ITEM 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

On September 15, 2014, a former Personal Banker at one of the Bank’sin-store branches filed a Class Action Complaint against the Bank in Butte County Superior Court, alleging causes of action related to the observance of meal and rest periods and seeking to represent a class of current and former branch employees with the same or similar job duties, employed by the Bank within the State of California during the preceding four years. On or about June 25, 2015, Plaintiff filed an Amended Complaint expanding the class definition to include all current and formernon-exempt branch employees employed by the Bank within the State of California at any time during the period of September 15, 2010 to the entry of judgment. The Bank responded to the First Amended Complaint by denying the charges and the parties engaged in written discovery. The parties then engaged innon-binding mediation during the third quarter of 2016.

In addition to this, on January 20, 2015, a then-current Personal Banker at one of the Bank’sin-store branches filed a First Amended Complaint against the Bank and the Company in Sacramento County Superior Court, alleging causes of action related to wage statement violations. As part of the Complaint Plaintiff is seeking to represent a class of current and former exempt andnon-exempt employees who worked for the Company and/or the Bank during the time period of December 12, 2013 to the date of filing the action. The Company and the Bank responded to the First Amended Complaint by denying the charges and engaging in written discovery with Plaintiff. The parties then engaged innon-binding mediation of the action during the third quarter of 2016 as well. This matter was transferred to the Butte County Superior Court and consolidated with the case above, effective August 25, 2017.

As part of the mediations, which took place concurrently, the Bank agreed in principal to settle the two matters in a consolidated settlement proceeding. The agreement was preliminarily approved by the court and notices were sent to the members of the purported classes. After reviewing the received claims, on January 12, 2018, the court approved the final settlement agreement on both matters. The total cost to the Bank was $1,469,000, of which $1,450,000 was previously accrued as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. These matters will not be discussed in future filings.

Neither the Company nor its subsidiaries are a party to any other pending legal proceedings that are material, nor is their property the subject of any other material pending legal proceeding at this time. All other legal proceedings are routine and arise out of the ordinary course of the Bank’s business. None of those proceedings are currently expected to have a material adverse impact upon the Company’s and the Bank’s business, their consolidated financial position nor their operations in any material amount not already accrued, after taking into consideration any applicable insurance.

ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Inapplicable.

20

Not applicable.
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PART II

ITEM 5.    MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Common Stock Market Prices and Dividends

The Company’s common stock is traded on the Nasdaq under the symbol “TCBK.” The following table shows the high and the low closing sale prices for the common stock for each quarter in the past two years, as reported by Nasdaq:

2017:

  High   Low 

Fourth quarter

  $43.42   $37.86 

Third quarter

  $40.75   $33.60 

Second quarter

  $36.77   $33.05 

First quarter

  $37.38   $32.84 

2016:

    

Fourth quarter

  $34.46   $25.49 

Third quarter

  $28.40   $25.40 

Second quarter

  $28.90   $24.60 

First quarter

  $27.44   $23.80 

As of February 23, 201824, 2023, there were approximately 1,5831,900 shareholders of record of the Company’s common stock. On February 23, 2018,24, 2023, the closing salesmarket price was $38.29.

$50.14 per share.

The Company has paid cash dividends on its common stock in every quarter since March 1990, and it is currently the intention of the Board of Directors of the Company to continue payment of cash dividends on a quarterly basis. There is no assurance, however, that any dividends will be paid since they are dependent upon earnings, financial condition and capital requirements of the Company and the Bank. During the calendar year ended December 31, 2022, the Company paid quarterly dividends of $0.25 per share for Q1 and Q2, increasing to $0.30 per share of cash dividends for Q3 and Q4, equaling a total of $1.20 per share for the year then ended. As of December 31, 2017 $85,254,0002022, there was $157,036,000 available for payment of dividends by the Bank to the Company, under applicable laws and regulations. The Company paidSee “Note 27 – Summary of Quarterly Results of Operations (unaudited)” for the quarterly cash dividends of $0.17 per common sharepaid by the Company in each of the quarters ended December 31, 2017, September 30, 2017, June 30, 2017,2022 and $0.15 per common share in each of the quarters ended March 31, 2017, December 31, 2016, September 30, 2016, June 30, 2016, March 31, 2016.

2021.

Issuer Repurchases of Common Stock

The Company adopted ahas one previously announced stock repurchase plan on August 21, 2007 for the repurchase of upunder which it is currently authorized to 500,000purchase shares of the Company’sits common stock from time to time as market conditions allow.stock. The 500,000 shares authorized for repurchase undertable that follows provides additional information regarding this plan represented approximately 3.2% of the Company’s approximately 15,815,000 common shares outstanding as of August 21, 2007. This plan has no stated expiration date for the repurchases. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had purchased 166,600 shares under this plan.

Announcement DateTotal shares approved
for purchase
Total shares repurchased
under the plan
Expiration date
2/25/20212,000,000 640,198 none

The following table shows the repurchases made by the Company or any affiliated purchaser (as defined in Rule10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act) during the fourth quarter of 2017:

Period

(a) Total number
of shares purchased(1)
(b) Average price
paid per share
(c) Total number of
shares purchased as of
part of publicly
announced plans or
programs
(d) Maximum number
shares that may yet be
purchased under the
plans or programs(2)

Oct.1-31, 2017

—  —  —  333,400

Nov.1-30, 2017

—  —  —  333,400

Dec.1-31, 2017

—  —  —  333,400

Total

—  —  —  333,400

(1)Includes shares purchased by the Company’s Employee Stock Ownership Plan and pursuant to various other equity incentive plans. See Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements at Item 8 of Part II of this report, for a discussion of the Company’s stock repurchased under equity compensation plans.
(2)Does not include shares that may be purchased by the Company’s Employee Stock Ownership Plan and pursuant to various other equity incentive plans.

21

2022:
Period(a) Total number of
shares purchased
(b) Average price
paid per share
(c) Total number of shares
purchased as of part
of publicly announced
plans or programs
(d) Maximum number
of shares that may
yet be purchased under
the plans
or programs (1)
October 1-31, 20225,000 $45.61 5,000 1,359,802 
November 1-30, 2022— $— — 1,359,802 
December 1-31, 2022— $— — 1,359,802 
Total5,000 $— 5,000 1,359,802 

(1)Does not include shares that may be purchased by the Company’s Employee Stock Ownership Plan and pursuant to various other equity incentive plans.










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TriCo Bancshares Stock Performance
The following graph presents the cumulative total yearly shareholder return from investing $100 on December 31, 2012,2017, in each of TriCo common stock, the Russell 3000 Index, and the SNL Western Bank Index. The SNL Western Bank Index compiled by SNL Financial includes banks located in California, Oregon, Washington, Montana, Hawaii and Alaska with market capitalization similar to that of TriCo’s. The amounts shown assume that any dividends were reinvested.

   Period Ending 

Index

  12/31/12   12/31/13   12/31/14   12/31/15   12/31/16   12/31/17 

TriCo Bancshares

   100.00    172.66    153.12    173.61    220.88    249.10 

Russell 3000 Index

   100.00    133.55    150.32    151.04    170.28    206.26 

SNL Western Bank Index

   100.00    140.70    168.86    174.96    193.96    216.26 

Equity Compensation Plans

The following table shows shares reserved for issuance for outstanding options, stock appreciation rights and warrants granted under our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2017. All of our equity compensation plans have been approved by shareholders.

Plan category

  (a)
Number of securities
to be issued upon
exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
   (b)
Weighted average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
   (c) Number of securities
remaining available for
issuance under equity
compensation plans
(excluding securities
reflected in column (a))
 

Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders

   —      —      —   

Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders

   567,686   $16.84    527,039 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   567,686   $16.84    527,039 

22


tcbk-20221231_g2.jpg
Period Ending
Index12/31/201712/31/201812/31/201912/31/202012/31/202112/31/2022
TriCo Bancshares100.00 90.91 112.14 99.99 124.53 151.38 
Russell 3000 Index100.00 92.50 118.90 141.28 175.19 139.32 
SNL Western Bank Index100.00 79.17 96.55 72.25 111.40 86.45 

ITEM 6.    SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected consolidated financial data are derived from our consolidated financial statements. This data should be read in connection with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes located at Item 8 of this report.

TRICO BANCSHARES

Financial Summary

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Year ended December 31,

  2017  2016  2015  2014  2013 

Interest income

  $181,402  $173,708  $161,414  $121,115  $106,560 

Interest expense

   6,798   5,721   5,416   4,681   4,696 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income

   174,604   167,987   155,998   116,434   101,864 

Provision for (benefit from) loan losses

   89   (5,970  (2,210  (4,045  (715

Noninterest income

   50,021   44,563   45,347   34,516   36,829 

Noninterest expense

   147,024   145,997   130,841   110,379   93,604 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

   77,512   72,523   72,714   44,616   45,804 

Provision for income taxes

   36,958   27,712   28,896   18,508   18,405 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income

  $40,554  $44,811  $43,818  $26,108  $27,399 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Earnings per share:

      

Basic

  $1.77  $1.96  $1.93  $1.47  $1.71 

Diluted

  $1.74  $1.94  $1.91  $1.46  $1.69 

Per share:

      

Dividends paid

  $0.66  $0.60  $0.52  $0.44  $0.42 

Book value at December 31

  $22.03  $20.87  $19.85  $18.41  $15.61 

Tangible book value at December 31

  $19.01  $17.77  $16.81  $15.31  $14.59 

Average common shares outstanding

   22,912   22,814   22,750   17,716   16,045 

Average diluted common shares outstanding

   23,250   23,087   22,998   17,923   16,197 

Shares outstanding at December 31

   22,956   22,868   22,775   22,715   16,077 

At December 31:

      

Loans, net of allowance

  $2,984,842  $2,727,090  $2,486,926  $2,245,939  $1,633,762 

Total assets

   4,761,315   4,517,968   4,220,722   3,916,458   2,744,066 

Total deposits

   4,009,131   3,895,560   3,631,266   3,380,423   2,410,483 

Other borrowings

   122,166   17,493   12,328   9,276   6,335 

Junior subordinated debt

   56,858   56,667   56,470   56,272   41,238 

Shareholders’ equity

   505,808   477,347   452,116   418,172   250,946 

Financial Ratios:

      

For the year:

      

Return on average assets

   0.89  1.02  1.11  0.87  1.04

Return on average equity

   8.10  9.46  10.04  8.67  11.34

Net interest margin1

   4.22  4.23  4.32  4.17  4.18

Net loan losses (recoveries) to average loans

   0.08  (0.09)%   (0.07)%   (0.13)%   0.23

Efficiency ratio2

   64.7  67.9  64.7  72.9  67.3

Average equity to average assets

   10.99  10.84  11.01  10.00  9.21

Dividend payout ratio

   37.3  30.6  27.2  30.1  24.9

At December 31:

      

Equity to assets

   10.62  10.57  10.71  10.68  9.15

Total capital to risk-adjusted assets

   14.07  14.65  15.09  15.63  14.77

1Fully taxable equivalent.
2Noninterest expense divided by the sum of fully taxable equivalent net interest income and noninterest income.

23


[RESERVED]

ITEM 7.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

General

Introduction
The following discussion and analysis is designed to provide a better understanding of the significant changes and trends related to the Company and the Bank’s financial condition, operating results, asset and liability management, liquidity and capital resources and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of the Company and the related notes at Item 8 of this report.
In March 2022, the Company closed the acquisition of Valley Republic Bancorp. Historical periods prior to March 25, 2022 reflect results of legacy Trico Bancshares operations. Subsequent to closing, results reflect all post-acquisition activity. For further information, refer to Note 2 “Business Combinations” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Financial Overview
In 2022, the Company reported net income of $125,419,000, a $7,764,000 or 6.6% increase from the prior year. Earnings per share on a diluted basis for the year were $3.83, down 2.8% from the prior year. The current year net income reported was negatively impacted by acquisition-related expenses totaling $6,253,000, compared to $1,523,000 in the prior year. In 2022, net interest income was reported at $345,976,000, an increase of $74,437,000 or 27.4% from the prior year.
Net interest income on a fully tax equivalent (FTE) basis, a non-GAAP financial measure, was $347,536,000, an increase of $74,926,000, or 27.4%, from 2021. The increase in FTE net interest income reflected the benefit of a $1,352,778,000, or 17.8%, increase in average earning assets in addition to a 30 basis point increase in the FTE net interest marign to 3.88%. Average earning asset growth included an $990,559,000, or 20.3%, increase in average loans and leases and an $573,720,000, or 26.3%, increase in average securities. Average
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balances across earning asset categories reflect organic growth in addition to the late first quarter 2022 VRB acquisition. The increase in average securities was additionally driven by the redeployment of excess liquidity into securities in the first half of 2022. The net interest margin expansion was driven by the higher rate environment driving an increase in loan and lease and investment security yields, partially offset by higher cost of funds and the impact of lower accelerated PPP loan fees recognized upon forgiveness payments from the SBA in 2022.

The provision for credit losses increased $25,245,000 to $18,470,000, primarily due to the acquisition of VRB and organic loan and lease growth. The allowance for credit losses (ACL) was $105,680,000, or 1.64% of total loans and leases, at December 31, 2022, compared to $85,376,000, or 1.74% of total loans and leases, at December 31, 2021. The increase in the total ACL was primarily driven by loan and lease growth, while the overall risk profile of the loan portfolio continued to improve despite management's observation of future recessionary risks.

Noninterest income was $63,046,000, down $618,000, or 1%, from the prior year. Noninterest expense was $216,645,000, up $38,370,000, or 21.5%, from the prior year. The changes in noninterest income and noninterest expense were impacted by the VRB acquisition, completed in March 2022. Noninterest income was additionally negatively impacted by a decline in gain on sale of mortgage loans totaling of $7,238,000, to $2,342,000 for the 2022 year.

The tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio, a non-GAAP financial measure, was 7.6% at December 31, 2022, down 161 basis points from December 31, 2021, primarily due to a decrease in tangible common equity related to elevated interest rates causing an increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss, partially offset by the retention of earnings.

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TRICO BANCSHARES
Financial Summary
(In thousands, except per share amounts; unaudited)
Year ended December 31,202220212020
Interest income$355,505 $277,047 $267,184 
Interest expense(9,529)(5,508)(9,457)
Net interest income345,976 271,539 257,727 
(Provision for) benefit from loan losses(18,470)6,775 (42,813)
Noninterest income63,046 63,664 55,194 
Noninterest expense(216,645)(178,275)(182,758)
Income before income taxes173,907 163,703 87,350 
Provision for income taxes(48,488)(46,048)(22,536)
Net income$125,419 $117,655 $64,814 
Share Data
Earnings per share:
Basic$3.85 $3.96 $2.17 
Diluted$3.83 $3.94 $2.16 
Per share:
Dividends paid$1.10 $1.00 $0.88 
Book value at period end$31.39 $33.64 $31.12 
Tangible book value at period end (2)$21.76 $25.80 $23.09 
Average common shares outstanding32,584 29,721 29,917 
Average diluted common shares outstanding32,721 29,882 30,028 
Shares outstanding at period end33,332 29,730 29,727 
Financial Ratios
During the period:
Return on average assets1.28 %1.43 %0.91 %
Return on average equity11.67 %12.10 %7.18 %
Net interest margin(1)3.88 %3.58 %3.96 %
Efficiency ratio52.97 %53.18 %58.40 %
Average equity to average assets11.00 %11.84 %12.66 %
Dividend payout ratio28.54 %25.26 %40.58 %
At period end:
Equity to assets10.54 %11.61 %12.11 %
Total capital to risk-weighted assets14.19 %15.42 %15.22 %
Balance Sheet Data
Total investments$2,633,269 $2,427,885 $1,719,102 
Total loans6,450,447 4,916,624 4,763,127 
Total assets9,930,986 8,614,787 7,639,529 
Total non-interest bearing deposits3,502,095 2,979,882 2,581,517 
Total deposits8,329,013 7,367,159 6,505,934 
Total other borrowings264,605 50,087 26,914 
Total junior subordinated debt101,040 58,079 57,635 
Total shareholders’ equity1,046,416 1,000,184 925,114 
Total tangible equity (2)$725,304 $766,943 $686,409 
(1)Fully taxable equivalent (FTE)
(2)Tangible equity is calculated by subtracting Goodwill and Other intangible assets from total shareholders’ equity. Management believes that tangible equity is meaningful because it is a measure that the Company and investors commonly use to assess capital adequacy. Tangible book value is calculated by dividing tangible equity by shares outstanding at period end.
As TriCo Bancshares has not commenced any business operations independent of the Bank, the following discussion pertains primarily to the Bank. Average balances, including such balances used in calculating certain financial ratios, are generally comprised of average daily balances for the Company. Within Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, interest income and net interest income are generallymay be presented on a fullytax-equivalent (FTE) basis. The presentation of interest income and net interest income on a FTE basis is a common practice within the banking industry. Interest income and net interest income are shown on anon-FTE basis in thiswithin Item 7 and Item 8 of this report, and a reconciliation of the FTE andnon-FTE presentations is provided below in the discussion of net interest income.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Company’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon its

In preparing the consolidated financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP). The preparation of these financial statements requires the Company, management is required to make estimates and judgmentsassumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.     Our most significant accounting policies and estimates and their related disclosureapplication are discussed below.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The Company’s method for assessing the appropriateness of contingentthe allowance for credit losses includes specific allowances for individually analyzed loans, formula allowance factors for pools of credits, and qualitative considerations which include, among other things, current and forecast economic and environmental factors (e.g., interest rates, growth, economic conditions, etc.). Allowance factors for loan pools were based on historical loss experience by product type and prior risk rating.
Management estimates the ACL balance using relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses, which captures loan balances as of a point in time to form a cohort, then tracks the respective losses generated by that cohort of loans over the remaining life. The Company has identified and accumulated loan cohort historical loss data beginning with the fourth quarter of 2008 and through the current period. In situations where the Company's actual loss history was not statistically relevant, the loss history of peers, defined as financial institutions with assets greater than three billion and liabilities. less than ten billion, were utilized to create a minimum loss rate. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in relevant current loan-specific risk characteristics, such as historical timing of losses relative to the loan origination.
In its current expected credit loss forecasting framework, the Company incorporates forward-looking information through the use of macroeconomic scenarios applied over the forecasted life of the assets. These macroeconomic scenarios incorporate variables that have historically been key drivers of increases and decreases in credit losses. These variables include, but are not limited to, changes in environmental conditions, such as California unemployment rates, household debt levels, the pace of change in corporate bond yields, and U.S. gross domestic product.
There is a greater chance that the Company would suffer a loss from a loan that was risk rated less than satisfactory than if the loan was last graded satisfactory. As such, the proper risk grading of loans in the portfolio is important to the determination of the calculation of and determination of adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. Utilizing the historical loss data described above, the Company applies reserve rates within any unique pool based on its loss and risk grade migration. Therefore, within any given pool, a larger loss estimation factor is applied to less than satisfactory loans as compared to those that the Company last graded as satisfactory. The resulting allowance for any pool is the sum of the calculated reserves determined in this manner.
Certain loans are not included in pools of loans that are collectively evaluated. The segregation of these loans is based on the results from analysis of identified credits that meet management’s criteria for specific evaluation. These loans are first reviewed individually to determine if such loans have a unique risk profile that would warrant individual evaluation. Loans where management has concluded that it is probable that the borrower will be unable to pay all amounts due under the original contractual terms are removed from the pools of loans collectively evaluated. They are then specifically reviewed and evaluated individually by management for loss potential by evaluating sources of repayment, including collateral as applicable, and a specified allowance for credit losses is established where necessary. By definition, any loan that management has placed on non-accrual is required to be individually evaluated, however, not all individually evaluated loans need be placed on non-accrual.
Because current economic conditions and forecasts can change and future events make it inherently difficult to predict the anticipated amount of estimated credit losses on loans, management's determination of the appropriateness of the ACL, could change significantly. It is difficult to estimate how potential changes in any one economic factor or input might affect the overall allowance because a wide variety of factors and inputs are considered in estimating the allowance and changes in those factors and inputs considered may not occur at the same rate and may not be consistent across all product types. Additionally, changes in factors and inputs may move independently of one another, such that improvement in one or certain factors may offset deterioration in others. Management believes that the ACL was adequate as of December 31, 2022.
Other Accounting Policies and Estimates
On anon-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those that materially affect the financial statements and are related to the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, investments, mortgage servicing rights, fair value measurements, retirement plans, intangible assets and the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The Company’s policies related to these estimates on the allowance for loan losses, other than temporary impairment of investments and impairment of intangible assets, can be found in Note 1 in the financial statements at Item 8 of this report.

Geographical Descriptions
For the purpose of describing the geographical location of the Company’s operations, the Company has defined northern California as that area of California north of, and including, Stockton to the east and San Jose to the west; central California as that area of the state south of
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Stockton and San Jose, to and including, Bakersfield to the east and San Luis Obispo to the west; and southern California as that area of the state south of Bakersfield and San Luis Obispo.
Results of Operations
Average balances, including balances used in calculating certain financial ratios, are generally comprised of average daily balances for the Company. Within Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, certain performance measures including interest income, net interest income, net interest yield, and efficiency ratio are generally presented on a fullytax-equivalent (FTE) basis. The Company believes the use of thesenon-generally accepted accounting principles(non-GAAP) measures provides additional clarity in assessing its results.

On March 18, 2016, the Bank completed its acquisition of three branch banking offices from Bank of America originally announced October 28, 2015. The acquired branches are located in Arcata, Eureka and Fortuna in Humboldt County on the North Coast of California, and have significant overlap compared to the Company’s then-existing Northern California customer base and branch locations. As a result, these branch acquisitions create potential cost savings and future growth potential. With the levels of capital at the time, the acquisitions fit well into the Company’s growth strategy. Also on March 18, 2016, the electronic customer service and other data processing systems of the acquired branches were converted into the Bank’s systems, and the effect

Net Interest Income
Net interest income is our largest source of revenue and expenses from the operations of the acquired branches are included in the results of the Company. The Bank paid a premium of $3,204,000 for deposit relationships with balances of $161,231,000 and loans with balances of $289,000, and received cash of $159,520,000 from Bank of America.

The Company refers to loans and foreclosed assets that are covered by loss sharing agreements as “covered loans” and “covered foreclosed assets”, respectively. In addition, the Company refers to loans purchased or obtained in a business combination as “purchased credit impaired” (PCI) loans, or “purchased not credit impaired” (PNCI) loans. The Company refers to loans that it originates as “originated” loans. Additional information regarding the North Valley Bancorp acquisition can be found in Note 2 in the financial statements at Item 8 of this report. Additional information regarding the definitions and accounting for originated, PNCI and PCI loans can be found in Notes 1, 2, 4 and 5 in the financial statements at Item 8 of this report, and under the headingAsset Quality andNon-Performing Assetsbelow.

Geographical Descriptions

For the purpose of describing the geographical location of the Company’s loans, the Company has defined northern California as that area of California north of, and including, Stockton; central California as that area of the State south of Stockton, to and including, Bakersfield; and southern California as that area of the State south of Bakersfield.

24


Results of Operations

Overview

The following discussion and analysis is designed to provide a better understanding of the significant changes and trends related to the Company and the Bank’s financial condition, operating results, asset and liability management, liquidity and capital resources and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of the Company and the related notes at Item 8 of this report. Following is a summary of the components of net income for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

   Year ended December 31, 
   2017  2016  2015 

Net interest income

  $174,604  $167,987  $155,998 

(Provision for) benefit from reversal of provision for loan losses

   (89  5,970   2,210 

Noninterest income

   50,021   44,563   45,347 

Noninterest expense

   (147,024  (145,997  (130,841

Taxes

   (36,958  (27,712  (28,896
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income

  $40,554  $44,811  $43,818 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income per average fully-diluted share

  $1.77  $1.94  $1.91 

Net income as a percentage of average shareholders’ equity (ROAE)

   8.10  9.46  10.04

Net income as a percentage of average total assets (ROAA)

   0.89  1.02  1.11
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The Company uses certainnon-GAAP measures to provide supplemental information regarding performance. The Company believes that presenting net income, effective tax rate, return on average assets (ROAA), return on average equity (ROAE), and earnings per common share, excluding the impact of merger & acquisition expenses and the effect of changes in tax rates, provides additional clarity to the users of the financial statements regarding core financial performance. The following table presents a comparison of net income, effective tax rate, ROAA, ROAE, and earnings per common share as reported, and as adjusted for the impact of merger & acquisition expenses and changes in tax rates, for the periods indicated:

   Year ended December 31, 
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)  2017  2016  2015 

Net income

  $40,554  $44,811  $43,818 

Effect of merger & acquisition expenses

   491   454   340 

Effect of income tax rate change

   7,416   —     —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Adjusted net income

  $48,462  $45,266  $44,158 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income tax expense

  $36,958  $27,712  $28,896 

Effect ofnon-deductible merger & acquisition expenses

   (184  —     —   

Effect of income tax rate change

   (7,416  —     —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Adjusted income tax expense

  $29,358  $27,712  $28,896 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Effective tax rate

   47.7  38.2  39.7

Adjusted effective tax rate

   37.9  38.2  39.7

ROAA

   0.89  1.02  1.11

Adjusted ROAA

   1.06  1.04  1.11

ROAE

   8.10  9.46  10.04

Adjusted ROAE

   9.68  9.55  10.12

Earnings per common share:

    

Basic

  $1.77  $1.96  $1.93 

Diluted

  $1.74  $1.94  $1.91 

Adjusted earnings per common share:

    

Basic

  $2.12  $1.98  $1.94 

Diluted

  $2.08  $1.96  $1.92 

Merger & acquisition expenses

  $530  $784  $586 

Non-deductible merger & acquisition expenses

  $438   —     —   

Average assets

  $4,554,505  $4,373,022  $3,963,998 

Average equity

  $500,653  $473,829  $436,301 

Weighted average shares

   22,912   22,814   22,750 

Weighted average diluted shares

   23,250   23,086   22,998 

25


Net Interest Income

The Company’s primary source of revenue is net interest income, which is the difference between the interest earned on interest-earning assets (generally loans, leases and investment securities) and the interest expense incurred in connection with interest-bearing liabilities (generally deposits and borrowed funds). The level of net interest income is primarily a function of the difference between the effective yield on earningour average interest-earning assets and interest expense onthe effective cost of our interest-bearing liabilities.

These factors are influenced by the pricing and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities which, in turn, are impacted by external factors such as local economic conditions, competition for loans and deposits, the monetary policy of the FRB and market interest rates. For further discussion, refer to “—Risk Factors – Risks Related to Interest Rates.” Following is a summary of the Company’s net interest income for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

   Year ended December 31, 
   2017  2016  2015 

Components of Net Interest Income

    

Interest income

  $181,402  $173,708  $161,414 

Interest expense

   (6,798  (5,721  (5,416
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income

   174,604   167,987   155,998 

FTE adjustment

   2,499   2,329   905 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (FTE)

  $177,103  $170,316  $156,903 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest margin (FTE)

   4.22  4.23  4.32
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,
202220212020
Interest income$355,505 $277,047 $267,184 
Interest expense(9,529)(5,508)(9,457)
Net interest income (not FTE)345,976 271,539 257,727 
FTE adjustment1,560 1,071 1,069 
Net interest income (FTE)$347,536 $272,610 $258,796 
Net interest margin (FTE)3.88 %3.58 %3.96 %
Acquired loans discount accretion:
Purchased loan discount accretion$5,465 $8,091 $8,171 
Effect on average loan yield0.09 %0.17 %0.19 %
Effect of purchased loan discount accretion on net interest margin (FTE)0.06 %0.11 %0.13 %

Net interest income (FTE) during the year ended December 31, 2022 increased $74,926,000 or 27.5% to $347,536,000 compared against $272,610,000 during the year ended December 31, 2021. The increased amount of net interest income reflects growth in both total average loan and investment balances outstanding and the correlated yields, during 2022. Average loan balances, inclusive of acquisitions, increased by $1,496,541,000 or 30.4% from December 31, 2021. The yield on interest earning assets was 3.98% and 3.65% for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. This 33 basis point increase in total earning asset yield was primarily attributable to a 11 basis point decrease in total loan yields and a 85 basis point increase in yields on total investments. Of the 11 basis point decrease in yields on loans, a 3 basis point decline was attributable to decreases in market rates, as well as an 8 basis point benefit from the accretion of purchased loans. The costs of total interest bearing liabilities increased 6 basis points to 0.19% during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to 0.13% for the year ended December 31, 20172021. During the same period, costs associated with interest bearing deposits increased $6,787,000 (4.0%)by 2 basis points to $177,103,000 from $170,316,0000.10% as compared to 0.08% in the prior year. The increase in interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the trailing year, was due largely to the increased rate environment for both the interest-bearing deposit expense and other borrowings interest expense.
Net interest income (FTE) during the year ended December 31, 2016.2021 increased $13,814,000 or 5.3% to $272,610,000 compared against $258,796,000 during the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase inamount of net interest income (FTE)reflects growth in total average loan balances outstanding during 2021, which increased by $229,796,000 or 4.9% from December 31, 2020. The yield on interest earning assets was due3.65% and 4.11% for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. This 46 basis point decrease in total earning asset yield was primarily attributable to a $212,930,000 (8.1%) increase23 basis point decrease in the average balance of loans to $2,842,659,000,non-PPP loan yields and a 966 basis point increasedecrease in yields on total investments. Of the average yield23 basis point decrease in yields on investments–taxable that were partially offset byloans, a 21 basis point decreasedecline was attributable to decreases in market rates, in addition to 2 basis points from the average yield on loans, and a 3 basis point increase in the average rate paid onaccretion of purchased loans. The costs of total interest bearing liabilities. The $212,930,000 increase in average loan balances compared to the prior year was due primarily to net organic (i.e., not purchased) loan growth that was funded by deposit growth and the use of interest bearing cash at banks and other borrowings. The 9 basis point increase in the average yield on investments-taxable was due to increased market rates on investment purchased, and slower prepay speeds on the Company’s mortgage backed securities (“MBS”) investments in 2017 compared to 2016. Slower prepay speeds for MBS investments with net purchase premiums result in higher yields, as was the case for the Company’s MBS investments during 2017 compared to 2016. Accounting forliabilities decreased 12 basis points ofto 0.13% during the 21 point decrease in the average yield on loans from 2016 to 2017 was the recovery of $2,311,000 of loan interest income from the sale of loans in 2016. A decrease in purchased loan discounts accretion accounted for 5 basis points of the 21 point decrease in average loan yield, and the remaining 4 basis point decrease in average loan yield was due primarily to lower average yields on new loansyear ended December 31, 2021, as compared to existing loans, primarily during the first half of 2017 that was somewhat alleviated in the second half of 2017 and included the effects of 25 basis point increases in the Federal Funds Rate and the Prime Lending Rate during each of December 2016, and March, June, and December 2017. The 3 basis point increase in the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities was due primarily to increased rates paid on time deposits, other borrowings, and junior subordinated debt.

Net interest income (FTE)0.25% for the year ended December 31, 2016 increased $13,413,000 (8.6%)2020. During the same period, costs associated with interest bearing deposits decreased by 10 basis points to $170,316,000 from $156,903,000 during0.08% as compared to 0.18% in the prior year. The decrease in interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase in net interest income (FTE) was due primarily to a $240,292,000 (10.1%) increase in the average balance of loans to $2,629,729,000, a $140,526,000 (13.4%) increase in the average balance of investments to $1,190,509,000, and a seven basis point increase in the average yield of nontaxable investments from 4.85% during the year ended December 31, 2015 to 4.92% during the year ended December 31, 2016 , that were partially offset by a 15 basis point decrease in the average yield on loans from 5.52% during the year ended December 31, 2015 to 5.37% during the year ended December 31, 2016, and a 15 basis point decrease in the average yield on investments taxable from 2.74% during the year ended December 31, 2015 to 2.59% during the year ended December 31, 2016. The $240,292,000 increase in average loan balances during 2016 compared to 2015 was due primarily to organic loan growth. The $140,526,000 increase in average investment balances during 2016 compared to 2015 was due primarily to investment purchases in excess of investment maturities. The increases in average loan and investment balances during 2016 were funded primarily by a $350,461,000 increase in the average balance of deposits, and a $37,528,000 increase in the average balance of shareholders’ equity during 2016. The $350,461,000 increase in the average balance of deposits during 2016 compared to 2015 included the effect of the purchase of three branches and $161,231,000 of deposits from Bank of America on March 18, 2016. The seven basis point increase in the average yield of investments nontaxable was due to purchases of investments nontaxable with higher averagetax-equivalent yields during 20162021, as compared to the yields on investments nontaxable that the Company owned during 2015. The 15 basis point decrease in average loan yieldstrailing year, was due primarily to declines in market yields on new and renewed loans compared to yields on repricing, maturing, and paid off loans. The 15 basis point decrease in the average yield of investments taxable was due to purchases of investments taxable with lower averagetax-equivalent yields during 2016 comparedlargely to the yields on investments taxable thatdecreased rate environment benefiting both the Company owned during 2015,interest-bearing deposit expense and increased amortizationother borrowings interest expense.

29TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of purchase premiums on mortgage backed securities during 2016 compared to 2015. The increased amortization of purchase premiums on mortgage backed securities during 2016 was due primarily to faster prepayment of existing mortgages caused by higher mortgage refinance activity that was caused by reduced mortgage rates during most of 2016 compared to 2015. The increases in average loan and investment balances added $13,264,000 and $5,461,000, respectively, to net interest income (FTE) while the decreases in average loan and investments taxable yields reduced net interest income (FTE) during 2016 by $4,104,000 and $1,602,000, respectively, compared to 2015. The increase in average investments nontaxable yield increased net interest income (FTE) during 2016 by $94,000 compared to 2015. Included in investment interest income during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were special cash dividend of $578,000 and $626,000, respectively, from the Company’s investment in Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco stock.

26


Included in loan interest income during the year ended December 31, 2016 was discount accretion from purchased loans of $7,399,000 compared to $10,056,000 during the year ended December 31, 2015. Also included in loan interest income during the year ended December 31, 2016 was interest income of $2,311,000 from the recovery of interest payments previously applied to principal balances of nonperforming loans sold during 2016. Included in loan interest income during the year ended December 31, 2015 was the recovery of $728,000 of loan interest income from the payoff of a single originated loan that was in interest nonaccrual status; and while recoveries of loan interest income from paid off nonaccrual loans occur from time to time, a single recovery of this magnitude is unusual.

Contents

For more information related to loan interest income, including loan purchase discount accretion, see theSummary of Average Balances, Yields/Rates and Interest Differential and Note 3027 to the consolidated financial statements at Part II, Item 8 of this report. The “Yield” and “Volume/Rate” tables shown below are useful in illustrating and quantifying the developments that affected net interest income during 20172022 and 2016.

2021.

Summary of Average Balances, Yields/Rates and Interest Differential – Yield Tables

The following tables present, for the periods indicated, information regarding the Company’s consolidated average assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity, the amounts of interest income from average earning assets and resulting yields, and the amount of interest expense paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Average loan balances include nonperforming loans. Interest income includes proceeds from loans on nonaccrual loans only to the extent cash payments have been received and applied to interest income. Yields on securities and certain loans have been adjusted upward to reflect the effect of income thereon exempt from federal income taxation at the current statutory tax rate applicable during the period presented (dollars in thousands):

   Year ended December 31, 2017 
   Average
balance
   Interest
income/expense
   Rates
earned/paid
 

Assets

      

Loans

  $2,842,659   $146,794    5.16

Investment securities - taxable

   1,087,302    29,096    2.68

Investment securities - nontaxable

   136,240    6,664    4.89

Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks

   126,432    1,347    1.07
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total earning assets

   4,192,633    183,901    4.39
    

 

 

   

Other assets

   361,872     
  

 

 

     

Total assets

  $4,554,505     
  

 

 

     

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

      

Interest-bearing demand deposits

  $939,516    744    0.08

Savings deposits

   1,368,705    1,683    0.12

Time deposits

   317,724    1,531    0.48

Other borrowings

   41,252    305    0.74

Junior subordinated debt

   56,762    2,535    4.47
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total interest-bearing liabilities

   2,723,959    6,798    0.25
    

 

 

   

Noninterest-bearing demand

   1,262,592     

Other liabilities

   67,301     

Shareholders’ equity

   500,653     
  

 

 

     

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

  $4,554,505     
  

 

 

     

Net interest spread(1)

       4.14

Net interest income and interest margin(2)

    $177,103    4.22
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)Net interest spread represents the average yield earned on interest-earning assets less the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.
(2)Net interest margin is computed by dividing net
Year ended December 31,
202220212020
Average
Balance
Interest
Income/
Expense
Rates
Earned
/Paid
Average
Balance
Interest
Income/
Expense
Rates
Earned
/Paid
Average
Balance
Interest
Income/
Expense
Rates
Earned
/Paid
Assets:
Loans$5,841,770 $282,985 4.84 %$4,625,410 $225,626 4.88 %$4,361,679 $223,086 5.11 %
PPP Loans24,590 2,390 9.72 %250,391 16,643 6.65 %284,326 10,635 3.74 %
Investment securities—taxable2,459,032 60,499 2.46 %1,914,788 30,352 1.59 %1,302,367 28,659 2.20 %
Investment securities—nontaxable (1)190,339 6,759 3.55 %160,863 4,639 2.88 %116,717 4,636 3.97 %
Total investments2,649,371 67,258 2.54 %2,075,651 34,991 1.69 %1,419,084 33,295 2.35 %
Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks452,300 4,432 0.98 %663,801 858 0.13 %467,376 1,237 0.26 %
Total interest-earning assets8,968,031 357,065 3.98 %7,615,253 278,118 3.65 %6,532,465 268,253 4.11 %
Other assets803,570 594,420 590,966 
Total assets$9,771,601 $8,209,673 $7,123,431 
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity:
Interest-bearing demand deposits$1,720,932 $452 0.03 %$1,493,922 $327 0.02 %$1,313,804 332 0.03 %
Savings deposits2,878,189 3,356 0.12 %2,360,605 1,256 0.05 %2,015,134 2,595 0.13 %
Time deposits302,619 881 0.29 %324,636 1,735 0.53 %397,216 3,958 1.00 %
Total interest-bearing deposits4,901,740 4,689 0.10 %4,179,163 3,318 0.08 %3,726,154 6,885 0.18 %
Other borrowings33,410 421 1.26 %43,236 22 0.05 %28,863 17 0.06 %
Junior subordinated debt91,138 4,419 4.85 %57,844 2,168 3.75 %57,426 2,555 4.45 %
Total interest-bearing liabilities5,026,288 9,529 0.19 %4,280,243 5,508 0.13 %3,812,443 9,457 0.25 %
Noninterest-bearing deposits3,492,713 2,837,745 2,289,168 
Other liabilities178,163 119,471 119,710 
Shareholders’ equity1,074,437 972,214 902,110 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$9,771,601 $8,209,673 $7,123,431 
Net interest spread (2)3.79 %3.52 %3.86 %
Net interest income and interest margin (3)$347,536 3.88 %$272,610 3.58 %$258,796 3.96 %
(1)The fully-taxable equivalent (FTE) adjustment for interest income by total average earning assets.

27


Summary of Average Balances, Yields/Ratesnon-taxable investment securities was $1,560, $1,071, and Interest Differential – Yield Tables (continued)

   Year ended December 31, 2016 
   Average
balance
   Interest
income/expense
   Rates
earned/paid
 

Assets

      

Loans

  $2,629,729   $141,086    5.37

Investment securities - taxable

   1,064,410    27,578    2.59

Investment securities - nontaxable

   126,099    6,210    4.92

Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks

   205,263    1,163    0.57
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total earning assets

   4,025,501    176,037    4.37
    

 

 

   

Other assets

   347,521     
  

 

 

     

Total assets

  $4,373,022     
  

 

 

     

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

      

Interest-bearing demand deposits

  $878,436    441    0.05

Savings deposits

   1,344,304    1,685    0.13

Time deposits

   342,511    1,357    0.40

Other borrowings

   18,873    9    0.05

Junior subordinated debt

   56,566    2,229    3.94
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total interest-bearing liabilities

   2,640,690    5,721    0.22
    

 

 

   

Noninterest-bearing demand

   1,193,297     

Other liabilities

   65,206     

Shareholders’ equity

   473,829     
  

 

 

     

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

  $4,373,022     
  

 

 

     

Net interest spread (1)

       4.15

Net interest income and interest margin (2)

    $170,316    4.23
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

   Year ended December 31, 2015 
   Average
balance
   Interest
income/expense
   Rates
earned/paid
 

Assets

      

Loans

  $2,389,437   $131,836    5.52

Investment securities - taxable

   1,000,221    27,421    2.74

Investment securities - nontaxable

   49,762    2,414    4.85

Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks

   189,506    648    0.34
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total earning assets

   3,628,926    162,319    4.47
    

 

 

   

Other assets

   335,072     
  

 

 

     

Total assets

  $3,963,998     
  

 

 

     

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

      

Interest-bearing demand deposits

  $808,281    476    0.06

Savings deposits

   1,183,201    1,475    0.12

Time deposits

   340,443    1,482    0.44

Other borrowings

   8,668    4    0.05

Junior subordinated debt

   56,345    1,979    3.51
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total interest-bearing liabilities

   2,396,938    5,416    0.23
    

 

 

   

Noninterest-bearing demand

   1,076,162     

Other liabilities

   54,597     

Shareholders’ equity

   436,301     
  

 

 

     

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

  $3,963,998     
  

 

 

     

Net interest spread (1)

       4.24

Net interest income and interest margin (2)

    $156,903    4.32
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)Net interest spread represents the average yield earned on interest-earning assets less the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.
(2)Net interest margin is computed by dividing net interest income by total average earning assets.

28

$1,069 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(2)Net interest spread represents the average yield earned on interest-earning assets less the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.
(3)Net interest margin is computed by dividing net interest income by total average earning assets.

30TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
Summary of Changes in Interest Income and Expense due to Changes in Average Asset and Liability Balances and Yields Earned and Rates Paid – Volume/Rate Tables

The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the Company’s interest income and interest expense from changes in average asset and liability balances (volume) and changes in average interest rates for the periods indicated. The rate/Changes applicable to both rate and volume variance hashave been included in the rate variance. Amounts are calculated on a fully taxable equivalent basis:

   2017 over 2016  2016 over 2015 
   Volume  Yield/
Rate
  Total  Volume   Yield/
Rate
  Total 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Increase (decrease) in interest income:

        

Loans

  $11,434  $(5,726 $5,708  $13,264   $(4,014 $9,250 

Investments - taxable

   593   925   1,518   1,759    (1,602  157 

Investments - nontaxable

   499   (45  454   3,702    94   3,796 

Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks

   (449  633   184   54    461   515 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

   12,077   (4,213  7,864   18,779    (5,061  13,718 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Increase (decrease) in interest expense:

        

Demand deposits (interest-bearing)

   31   272   303   42    (77  (35

Savings deposits

   32   (34  (2  193    17   210 

Time deposits

   (99  273   174   9    (135  (126

Other borrowings

   11   285   296   5    —     5 

Junior subordinated debt

   8   298   306   8    243   251 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

   (17  1,094   1,077   257    48   305 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Increase (decrease) in net interest income

  $12,094  $(5,307 $6,787  $18,522   $(5,109 $13,413 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

2022 over 20212021 over 2020
VolumeRateTotalVolumeRateTotal
Increase in interest income:
Loans$114,211 $(71,105)$43,106 $20,337 $(11,789)$8,548 
Investment securities—taxable8,653 21,494 30,147 1,753 (1,750)
Investment securities—nontaxable849 1,270 2,119 13,473 (11,780)1,693 
Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks(275)3,849 3,574 511 (890)(379)
Total interest-earning assets123,438 (44,492)78,946 36,074 (26,209)9,865 
Increase in interest expense:
Interest-bearing demand deposits45 80 125 54 (59)(5)
Savings deposits259 1,841 2,100 449 (1,788)(1,339)
Time deposits(117)(737)(854)(726)(1,497)(2,223)
Other borrowings(5)404 399 (4)
Junior subordinated debt1,249 1,002 2,251 19 (406)(387)
Total interest-bearing liabilities1,431 2,590 4,021 (195)(3,754)(3,949)
Increase in net interest income$122,007 $(47,082)$74,925 $36,269 $(22,455)$13,814 

Year Over Year Balance Sheet Change
Ending balancesAs of December 31,Acquired BalancesOrganic
$ Change
Organic
 % Change
($’s in thousands)20222021$ Change
Total assets$9,930,986 $8,614,787 $1,316,199 $1,363,529 $(47,330)(0.5)%
Total loans6,450,447 4,916,624 1,533,823 773,390760,43315.5 
Total loans, excluding PPP6,448,845 4,855,477 1,593,368 751,978841,39017.3 
Total investments2,633,269 2,427,885 205,384 109,71695,6683.9 
Total deposits8,329,013 7,367,159 961,854 1,215,479 (253,625)(3.4)
Total other borrowings$264,605 $50,087 $214,518 $— $214,518 428.3 %
Provision for LoanCredit Losses

The provision for loancredit losses during any period is the sum of the allowance for loancredit losses required at the end of the period and any loan charge offsnet charge-offs during the period, less the allowance for loancredit losses required at the beginning of the period, and less any loan recoveries during the period. See the Tables labeled“Allowance for loan lossesCredit Lossesyear ended December 31, 20172022 and 2016”2021” at Note 5 in Item 8 of Part II of this report for the components that make up the provision for loancredit losses for the years ended December 31, 20172022 and 2016.

2021.

The Company provided $89,000recorded a provision for loancredit losses of $18,470,000 during the year ended December 31, 20172022, versus a $5,970,000 reversal of provisioncredit losses totaling $6,775,000 during the trailing year end. The increase in required provisioning during 2022 was largely attributed to the $10,820,000 in day 1 required reserves from loans acquired in connection with the VRB merger in the first quarter of 2022. Additionally, the Company designated certain loans and leases purchased from VRB as PCD, which required $2,037,000 in additional credit reserves as of the acquisition date. For PCD loans and leases, the initial estimate of expected credit losses is recognized in the ACL on the date of acquisition using the same methodology as other loans and leases held-for-investment. The remaining increase in the allowance for credit reserves was the result of changes in loan lossesvolume and changes in credit quality associated with levels of classified, past due and non-performing loans in addition to changes in qualitative factors.
The Company recorded a reversal of credit loses of $6,775,000 during the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase in2021, versus a provision for loancredit losses totaling $42,813,000 during the trailing year end. The decrease in required provisioning during 2021 was attributed to improvement in both external economic indicators and the Company's internal credit risk assessment under the cohort method including changes in the level of past due and nonperforming loans. Declines in California unemployment levels, reduced concentration risks and an improved gross domestic product outlook contributed to total required qualitative reserves of $59,855,000 as of December 31, 2021, a decline of $2,080,000 or 3.4% from December 31, 2020. Quantitative reserves calculated using the Company's cohort loss model totaled $25,521,000 at December 31, 2021, a decline of $4,391,000 or 14.7% from the trailing period December 31, 2020.
31TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
Net recoveries for the year ended December 31, 20172022 totaled $322,000 as compared to $694,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016 was due primarily to an increase of $4,266,000 (21.2%) in2021. Total nonperforming loans during 2017 compareddeclined by 28 basis points to a $16,991,000 (45.8%) decrease in nonperforming0.33% of total loans during 2016, and net charge-offs of $2,269,000 during 2017 compared to net recoveries of $2,462,000 during 2016. As shown in the Table labeledAllowance for Loan Losses - year ended December 31, 2017at Note 5 in Item 8 of Part II of this report residential and commercial real estate loans, home equity lines of credit, home equity loans, and commercial construction loans experienced a reversal of provision for loan losses during the year ended December 31, 2017. The level2022 from 0.61% of provision, or reversal of provision, for loan losses of each loan category during the year endedtotal loans at December 31, 2017 was due primarily to a decrease in the required allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2017 when compared to the required allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2016 less net charge-offs during the year ended December 31, 2017. All categories of loans except C & I loans experienced a decrease in the required allowance for loan losses during the year ended December 31, 2017. These decreases in required allowance for loan losses were due primarily to improvements in estimated cash flows and collateral values for impaired loans, and reductions in historical loss factors that were offset by increases in loan balances and nonperforming loans in some loan categories.2021. For further details of the change in nonperforming loans during the yearperiod ended December 31, 20172022 see the Tables, and associated narratives, labeledChanges in nonperforming assets during the year ended December 31, 20172022”andChanges in nonperforming assets during the three months ended December 31, September 30, June 30, and March 31, 20172022”under the headingAsset Quality andNon-Performing Assets” below.

The Company benefited from a $5,970,000 reversalfollowing table summarizes the components of the provision for loan(benefit to) credit losses during the year ended December 31, 2016 versus a $2,210,000 reversal of provision for loan losses during the year ended December 31, 2015. The increaseperiods indicated (dollars in the reversal of provision for loan losses for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015 was primarily the result of an increase in net loan recoveries from 0.07% of average loans during 2015 to 0.09% of average loans during 2016, a decrease in nonperforming loans from $37,119,000 at December 31, 2015 to $20,128,000 at December 31, 2016, continued improvement in loan portfolio loss history, and improvements in collateral values and estimated cash flows related to nonperforming loans and purchased credit impaired loans. As shown in the Table labeled“Allowance for

29


Loan Losses - year ended December 31, 2016” at Note 5 in Item 8 of Part II of this report, residential real estate loans, home equity lines of credit, home equity loans, and commercial construction loans experienced a reversal of provision for loan losses during the year ended December 31, 2016. The level of provision, or reversal of provision, for loan losses of each loan category during the year ended December 31, 2016 was due primarily to a decrease in the required allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2016 when compared to the required allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2015 less net charge-offs during the year ended December 31, 2016. All categories of loans except commercial real estate mortgage loans, C & I loans, and residential construction loans experienced a decrease in the required allowance for loan losses during the year ended December 31, 2016. These decreases in required allowance for loan losses were due primarily to reduced impaired loans, improvements in estimated cash flows and collateral values for the remaining and newly impaired loans, and reductions in historical loss factors that, in part, determine the required loan loss allowance for performing loans in accordance with the Company’s allowance for loan losses methodology as described under the heading“Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses” at Note 1 in Item 8 of Part II of this report. These same factors were also present, to some extent, for commercial real estate mortgage loans, C & I loans, and residential construction loans, but were more than offset by the effect of increased loan balances in these loan categories resulting in net provisions for loan losses in these categories during the year ended December 31, 2016.

thousands):

Year ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)202220212020
Provision (benefit) to allowance for credit losses$17,945 $(7,165)$42,188 
Change in reserve for unfunded loan commitments525 390 625 
Total provision for (benefit to) credit losses$18,470 $(6,775)$42,813 
The provision for loancredit losses related to Originated and PNCI loans is based on management’s evaluation of inherent risks in thesethe loan portfoliosportfolio and a corresponding analysis of the allowance for loancredit losses. The provision for loan losses related to PCI loan portfolio is based on changes in estimated cash flows expected to be collected on PCI loans. Additional discussion on loan quality, our procedures to measure loan impairment, and the allowance for loancredit losses is provided under the heading“Asset Quality andNon-Performing Assets” below.

Managementre-evaluates the loss ratios and other assumptions used in its calculation of the allowance for loan losses for its Originated and PNCI loan portfolios on a quarterly basis and makes changes as appropriate based upon, among other things, changes in loss rates experienced, collateral support for underlying loans, changes and trends in the economy, and changes in the loan mix.Management alsore-evaluates expected cash flows used in its accounting for its PCI loan portfolio, including any required allowance for loan losses, on a quarterly basis and makes changes as appropriate based upon, among other things, changes in loan repayment experience, changes in loss rates experienced, and collateral support for underlying loans.

Noninterest

Non-interest Income

The following table summarizes the Company’s noninterestnon-interest income for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

   Years Ended December 31, 
   2017   2016   2015 

Service charges on deposit accounts

  $16,056   $14,365   $14,276 

ATM and interchange fees

   16,727    15,859    13,364 

Other service fees

   3,282    3,121    2,977 

Mortgage banking service fees

   2,076    2,065    2,164 

Change in value of mortgage servicing rights

   (718   (2,184   (701
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total service charges and fees

   37,423    33,226    32,080 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gain on sale of loans

   3,109    4,037    3,064 

Commissions on sale ofnon-deposit investment products

   2,729    2,329    3,349 

Increase in cash value of life insurance

   2,685    2,717    2,786 

Gain on sale of investments

   961    —      —   

Lease brokerage income

   782    711    712 

Gain on sale of foreclosed assets

   711    262    991 

Change in indemnification asset

   490    (493   (207

Sale of customer checks

   372    408    492 

Life insurance benefit in excess of cash value

   108    238    155 

Loss on disposal of fixed assets

   (142   (147   (129

Other

   793    1,275    2,054 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other noninterest income

   12,598    11,337    13,267 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total noninterest income

  $50,021   $44,563   $45,347 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Noninterest
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
ATM and interchange fees$26,767 $25,356 $21,660 
Service charges on deposit accounts16,536 14,013 13,944 
Other service fees4,274 3,570 3,156 
Mortgage banking service fees1,887 1,881 1,855 
Change in value of mortgage loan servicing rights301 (872)(2,634)
Total service charges and fees49,765 43,948 37,981 
Asset management and commission income3,986 3,668 2,989 
Increase in cash value of life insurance2,858 2,775 2,949 
Gain on sale of loans2,342 9,580 9,122 
Lease brokerage income820 746 668 
Sale of customer checks1,167 459 414 
Gain on sale of investment securities— — 
Gain (loss) on marketable equity securities(340)(86)64 
Other2,448 2,574 1,000 
Total other non-interest income13,281 19,716 17,213 
Total non-interest income$63,046 $63,664 $55,194 

Non-interest income increased $5,458,000 (12.2%)decreased by $618,000 or 1.0% to $50,021,000 in 2017$63,046,000 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, compared to 2016. The increase$63,664,000 during the same period ended December 31, 2021. Generally, the increases in noninterestrecurring non-interest income was due primarily to an increase in service charges on deposit accounts of $1,691,000 (11.8%) to $16,056,000, an increase in ATMand fees and interchange revenue of $868,000 (5.5%) to $16,727,000, an increase of $1,466,000 in change in value of mortgage servicing rights, a $961,000 increase in gain on sale of investments, which were partially offset by a $928,000 (23.0%) decrease in gain on sale of loans, and a $482,000 (37.8%) decrease in other noninterest income. The $1,691,000 increase in service charges on deposit accounts was due primarily to increased fee generation from both consumer and business checking customers. The $868,000 increase in ATM fees and interchange revenue was due primarily to the Company’s continued focus in this area, and growth in electronic payments volume. The $1,466,000 improvement in change in value of mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) was due primarily to a decrease in the market rate of return for such servicing

30


rights thus increasing their value at December 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016. The $961,000 gain on sale of investment securities was due to the Company’s decision to sell $24,796,000 of investment securitiesreflected during the three months ended September 30, 2017 while no investment sales were made during 2016. The $983,000 increase in change in indemnification agreement was2022 is the result of the terminationVRB merger closing in March of its indemnification agreements with the FDIC2022, and therefore, not reflected in 2021 operating results. As an offset, increases in interest rates during 2017. The $928,0002022 led to significant declines in mortgage lending related activity, resulting in a decrease of $7,238,000 in gain onfrom the sale of loans, was due primarily to reduced residential mortgage refinance activity in 2017as compared to 2016.

Noninterestthe trailing year then ended.

Non-interest income decreased $784,000 (1.7%)increased by $8,470,000 or 15.3% to $44,563,000 in 2016$63,664,000 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, compared to 2015. The decrease in noninterest income was$55,194,000 during the same period ended December 31, 2020. ATM and interchange fees improved $3,696,000 or 17.1% as a result of increased use due primarily to $870,000 of recoveries of loans from acquired institutions that were charged off prior to acquisition of those institutions by the Company that were recorded in other noninterest incomerelaxed social distancing guidelines during the year ended December 31, 2015,2021 when compared to the same period in the prior year. Additionally, during the year ended 2020, there was substantial downward pressure on interest rates following the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a $1,483,000 decreasedecline in change inthe fair value of mortgage servicing rights a $1,020,000 decrease in commissions on sale of nondeposit investment products, and a $729,000 decrease in gain on sale of foreclosed assets that were partially offset by a $2,495,000 increase in ATM fees and interchange income and a $973,000 increase in gain on sale of loans. The decrease in change in value of mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) is primarily due to a change in the required rate of return on MSRs by market participants and a decrease in estimated future MSR cash flows as a result of reduced mortgage rates and higher rates of early mortgage payoffs from mortgage refinancing, both of which reduced the value of such MSRstotaling $2,634,000 during the yearperiod. Other non-interest income increased $1,574,000 during the twelve months ended December 31, 20162021, largely attributed to an increase of $804,000 in the change of fair value of non-readily marketable equity investments and a $204,000 increase in proceeds from life insurance, respectively, as compared to a smaller decrease in the valuetrailing 12 months ended.
32TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of MSRs during the year ended December 31, 2015 that was primarily due to a decrease in estimated future MSR cash flows as a result of reduced mortgage rates and higher rates of early mortgage payoffs from mortgage refinancing. The decrease in gain on sale of foreclosed assets was due to decreased foreclosed asset sales during the year ended December 31, 2016, and the uniqueness of individual foreclosed asset sales when compared to theyear-ago period. The $2,495,000 increase in ATM fees and interchange revenue was primarily due to the Company’s increased focus in this area, including the introduction of new services in this area during the quarter ended March 31, 2016. The $973,000 increase in gain on sale of loans was due to continued high levels of refinance and home purchase activity, and increased focus in this area by the Company. The $4,037,000 of gain on sale of loans during 2016 included $3,729,000 of gain on sale of residential real estate loans originated for sale, and $308,000 of gain on sale of loans not originated for sale. The changes in noninterest income include the effects from the operation of three branches, including $161,231,000 of deposits, acquired from Bank of America on March 18, 2016.

NoninterestContents

Non-interest Expense

The following table summarizes the Company’s other noninterestnon-interest expense for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

The components of noninterest expense were as follows (in thousands):  Years Ended December 31, 
   2017   2016   2015 

Base salaries, net of deferred loan origination costs

  $54,589   $53,169   $46,822 

Incentive compensation

   9,227    8,872    6,964 

Benefits and other compensation costs

   19,114    18,683    17,619 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total salaries and benefits expense

   82,930    80,724    71,405 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Occupancy

   10,894    10,139    10,126 

Data processing and software

   10,448    8,846    7,670 

Equipment

   7,141    6,597    5,997 

ATM & POS network charges

   4,752    4,999    4,190 

Advertising

   4,101    3,829    3,992 

Professional fees

   3,745    5,409    4,545 

Telecommunications

   2,713    2,749    3,007 

Assessments

   1,676    2,105    2,572 

Operational losses

   1,394    1,564    737 

Intangible amortization

   1,389    1,377    1,157 

Postage

   1,296    1,603    1,296 

Courier service

   1,035    998    1,154 

Change in reserve for unfunded commitments

   445    244    330 

Foreclosed assets expense

   231    266    490 

Provision for foreclosed asset losses

   162    140    502 

Legal settlement

   —      1,450    —   

Merger & acquisition expense

   530    784    586 

Miscellaneous other

   12,142    12,174    11,085 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other noninterest expense

   64,094    65,273    59,436 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total noninterest expense

  $147,024   $145,997   $130,841 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

31


Merger and acquisition expense:

    

Base salaries, net of loan origination costs

   —    $187   —   

Data processing and software

   —     —    $108 

Professional fees

  $513   342   120 

Other

   17   255   358 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total merger expense

  $530  $784  $586 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Average full time equivalent staff

   1,000   999   949 

Noninterest expense to revenue (FTE)

   64.7  67.9  64.7

Salary and benefit expenses
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
Base salaries, net of deferred loan origination costs$84,861 $69,844 $70,164 
Incentive compensation17,90814,957 10,022 
Benefits and other compensation costs27,08321,550 31,935 
Total salaries and benefits expense129,852 106,351 112,121 
Occupancy15,493 14,910 14,528 
Data processing and software14,660 13,985 13,504 
Equipment5,733 5,358 5,704 
Intangible amortization6,334 5,464 5,723 
Advertising3,694 2,899 2,827 
ATM and POS network charges6,984 6,040 5,433 
Professional fees4,392 3,657 3,222 
Telecommunications2,298 2,253 2,601 
Regulatory assessments and insurance3,142 2,581 1,594 
Merger and acquisition expenses6,253 1,523 — 
Postage1,147 710 1,068 
Operational losses1,000 964 1,168 
Courier service2,013 1,214 1,414 
Gain on sale or acquisition of foreclosed assets(481)(233)(234)
(Gain) loss on disposal of fixed assets(1,070)(439)67 
Other miscellaneous expense15,201 11,038 12,018 
Total other non-interest expense86,793 71,924 70,637 
Total non-interest expense$216,645 $178,275 $182,758 
Average full-time equivalent staff1,1691,039 1,093 

Non-interest expense increased $2,206,000 (2.7%by $38,370,000 (21.5%) to $82,930,000$216,645,000 during the year ended December 31, 20172022 as compared to $178,275,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. Base salaries, incentive compensationtrailing twelve month period. Generally, the increases in recurring non-interest expenses and benefits & other compensationFTEs during 2022 is the result of the VRB merger closing in March of 2022, and therefore, not reflected in 2021 operating results.
Salaries and benefit expense increased $1,420,000 (2.7%decreased $5,770,000 (5.1%), 355,000 (4.0%), and 431,000 (2.3%), respectively, to $54,589,000, $9,227,000 and $19,114,000, respectively,$129,852,000 during the year ended December 31, 2017. The increases2021 as compared to $106,351,000 for the trailing twelve month period. Base salaries, net of deferred loan origination costs remained nearly flat, decreasing by $320,000 (0.4%) to $84,861,000 due to a decrease in these categoriesaverage full time equivalent employees to 1,039 from 1,093 in the prior year-to-date period, offset by a higher average wage per employee due to both, the addition of salarypersonnel with elevated technical skillets to adhere to elevated regulatory expectations and benefits expense areannual merit increases. Commissions and incentive compensation increased $4,935,000 (49.2%) to $14,957,000 during 2021 compared to 2020 primarily due to annual merit increases. The average number of full-time equivalent staff increased 1 (0.1%organic non-PPP loan originations as borrower interaction and business demands for loans improved following the disruption from COVID-19 and related mandates in 2020. Benefits and other compensation costs decreased by $10,385,000 (32.5%) from 999to $21,550,000 during the year ended December 31, 20162021 as compared to 1,000$31,935,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Salarytrailing twelve month period, caused by declines in expenses associated with retirement obligations and benefitinsurance costs.

Merger and acquisition expenses increased $9,319,000 (13.1%) to $80,724,000associated with our 2022 acquisition of VRB totaled $1,523,000 during the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. Base salaries, incentive compensation2021 and benefits & other compensation expense increased $6,347,000 (13.6%), 1,908,000 (27.4%), and 1,064,000 (6.0%), respectively, to $53,169,000, $8,872,000 and $18,683,000, respectively,$6,253,000 in 2022. Further, during the year ended December 31, 2016. The average number2021, expenses totaling approximately $1,745,000 are attributable to the Company's recently opened loan production offices, of full-time equivalent staff increased 50 (5.3%) from 949which approximately $1,430,000 relates to salaries and benefits.
During 2018, the FDIC's Deposit Insurance Fund's (DIF) reserves exceeded the minimum set by the Dodd-Frank Act and the Company, with total assets less than $10 billion, was entitled to receive credits to offset a portion of its assessments. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2015 to 999 for2020, the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase in base salaries was due primarily to annual pay raises, an increase in average full-time equivalent staff, and a $1,409,000 increase in temporary help expense from $63,000 during 2015 to $1,472,000 during 2016. The increase in temporary help expense was due primarily to an expansionBank received credits of the Bank’s customer call center capacity during 2016. All categories of incentive compensation expense increased during 2016 compared to 2015 due to related production and profitability measures, and the general increase in staff, except for commissions on sale of nondeposit investment products for$610,000, which production was down compared to 2015. The increase in benefits and other compensation expense was due primarilycontributed to the increase in full-time equivalent staff during 2016.

Other noninterestlower regulatory assessments and insurance expense decreased $1,179,000 (1.8%) to $64,094,000 during the year ended December 31, 2017 comparedperiod. There were no credits provided to the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease in other noninterest expense was due primarily to a $1,664,000 (30.8%) decrease in professional fees, and a $1,450,000 decrease in litigation contingent liability expense, that were partially offset by a $1,602,000 (18.1%) increase in data processing and software expense, a $755,000 (7.4%) increase in occupancy expense, and a $544,000 (8.2%) increase in equipment expense. The $1,664,000 decrease in professional fees was due primarily to consulting fees related to system conversionsBank during 2016. The $1,450,000 decrease in litigation contingent liability expense was due to a single specific liability incurred during 2016. The $1,602,000 increase in data processing and software expense was due primarily to data system outsourcing and enhancements that occurred throughout 2016, and early 2017. The $755,000 increase in occupancy expense was due primarily to increases in building maintenance and remodel, and lease expense. The $544,000 increase in equipment expense was due primarily to increased depreciation expense related to technology and other equipment, and furniture.

Other noninterest expense increased $5,837,000 (9.8%) to $65,273,000 during the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase in other noninterest expense was primarily due to system conversion and capacity expansion expenses during 2016. Expense categories including equipment, data processing and software, ATM & POS network charges and professional (consulting) experienced significant increases due primarily to system conversion and capacity expansion during 2016. The Company recorded a litigation contingency expense of $1,450,000 during 2016. The details of this contingency can be found at Note 18 in Item 8 of Part II of this report. Assessments expense decrease $467,000 (18.2%) to $2,105,000 during 2016 compared to $2,572,000 during 2015 due to a decrease in FDIC insurance premiums during the three months ended September 30, 2016. Nonrecurring expenses related to the acquisition of three branches from Bank of America in March 2016 totaling $784,000 and the acquisition of North Valley Bancorp in October 2014 are included in other noninterest expense for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Included in miscellaneous other noninterest expense during 2016 were $782,000 valuation allowance expenses on fixed assets transferred to held for sale including a $716,000 valuation allowance expense related to a closed branch building held for sale, the value of which was written down to current market value, and subsequently sold during the three months ended September 30, 2016. Net proceeds from the sale of this building were $1,218,000, and resulted in no gain2021 or additional loss being recorded upon the sale of this building.

32


Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017, President Donald Trump signed into law “H.R.1”, commonly known as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”, which among other items reduces the Federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. While this decrease in the Federal corporate tax rate is expected to have a positive impact on the Company’s net income beginning January 1, 2018, the enactment of the law during 2017 required the Company tore-measure its deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company concluded that this caused the Company’s net deferred tax asset to be reduced, and Federal income tax expense to be increased by $7,416,000 during the fourth quarter of 2017. Additionally, amortization expense of the low income housing tax credit investments was accelerated by $226,000.

2022.

The provisions for income taxes applicable to income before taxes for the years ended December 31, 2017, 20162022, 2021 and 20152020 differ from amounts computed by applying the statutory Federal income tax rates to income before taxes. The effective tax rate and the statutory
33TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
federal income tax rate are reconciled as follows:

   Years Ended December 31, 
   2017  2016  2015 

Federal statutory income tax rate

   35.0  35.0  35.0

State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit

   6.9   6.8   6.6 

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act impact on deferred measurement

   9.6   —     —   

Tax-exempt interest on municipal obligations

   (1.9  (1.8  (0.7

Tax-exempt life insurance related income

   (1.3  (1.3  (1.3

Equity compensation

   (1.2  —     —   

Low income housing tax credit benefits

   (2.3  (1.3  (0.4

Low income housing tax credit amortization

   2.1   0.8   —   

Non-deductible joint beneficiary agreement expense

   0.1   0.1   0.1 

Non-deductible merger expense

   0.2   —     —   

Other

   0.5   (0.1  0.4 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Effective Tax Rate

   47.7  38.2  39.7
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
Federal statutory income tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit7.9 7.9 7.7 
Tax-exempt interest on municipal obligations(0.7)(0.5)(0.9)
Tax-exempt life insurance related income(0.4)(0.5)(0.8)
Low income housing and other tax credits(3.7)(2.6)(4.8)
Low income housing tax credit amortization3.6 2.2 4.1 
Compensation and benefits(0.2)(0.1)0.4 
Non-deductible merger expenses0.1 0.1 — 
Other0.3 0.6 (0.9)
Effective Tax Rate27.9 %28.1 %25.8 %

The effective tax rate on income was 47.7%27.9%, 38.2%28.1%, and 39.7%25.8% in 2017, 2016,2022, 2021, and 2015,2020, respectively. The effective tax rate was greater than the Federal statutory tax raterates of 21% due to Statethe combination of state tax expenseexpenses of $8,178,000, $7,576,000,7.9% in 2022, 7.9% in 2021, and $7,412,000, respectively,7.7% in these years, and a $7,416,000 Federal2020. These increases in tax expense in 2017 due to there-measurement of the Company’s net deferred tax asset resulting from the Federal tax law change that occurred in December; and were partially offset by Federaltax-exempt investment interest income of $4,165,000, $3,881,000,$5,462,000, $3,069,000, and $1,509,000,$3,566,000, respectively, Federal and Statetax-exempt income of $2,792,000, $2,955,000,$3,167,000, $3,478,000, and $2,786,000,$3,447,000, respectively, from increase in cash value and gain on death benefit of life insurance, low income housing tax credits and losses, net of $142,000, $197,000,amortization of $192,000, $620,000, and $0,$619,000, respectively, and equity compensation excess tax benefits, net of $906,000, $0,non-deductible compensation of $1,966,000, $1,495,000, and $0,$403,000, respectively. The low incomelow-income housing tax credits and the equity compensation excess tax benefits represent direct reductions in tax expense. In addition, the 2020 Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) provided the Company with an opportunity to file amended federal tax returns and generate refunds of approximately $805,000 during the year ended December 31, 2020. The items noted above resulted in an effective combined Federal and State income tax rate that differed from the combined Federal and State statutory income tax rate of approximately 42.0%29.6% during 2017, 2016,the three years ended 2022, 2021 and 2015. Based on the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the Company expects its combined statutory income tax rate to be 29.6%.

2020.

Financial Condition

Investment Securities

The following table presents the available for sale investment securities portfolio by major type as of the dates indicated:

   Year ended December 31, 
(In thousands)  2017   2016   2015   2014   2013 

Investment securities available for sale (at fair value):

          

Obligations of US government corporations and agencies

  $604,789   $429,678   $313,682   $75,120   $97,143 

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

   123,156    117,617    88,218    3,175    5,589 

Corporate bonds

   —      —      —      1,908    1,915 

Marketable equity securities

   2,938    2,938    2,985    3,002    —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total investment securities available for sale

  $730,883   $550,233   $404,885   $83,205   $104,647 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Investment securities available for sale increased $180,650,000 to $730,883,000 as of December 31, 2017, compared to December 31, 2016. This increase is attributable to purchases of $265,806,000, maturities and principal repayments of $63,942,000, sales of investments with a cost basis of $24,796,000, a net increase in the fair value of investments securities available for sale of $5,461,000, and amortization of net purchase price premiums of $1,879,000.

33


The following table presents the held to maturity investment securities portfolio by major type as of the dates indicated:

   Year ended December 31, 
(In thousands)  2017   2016   2015   2014   2013 

Investment securities held to maturity (at cost):

          

Obligations of US government corporations and agencies

  $500,271   $597,982   $711,994   $660,836   $227,864 

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

   14,573    14,554    14,536    15,590    12,640 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total investment securities held to maturity

  $514,844   $602,536   $726,530   $676,426   $240,504 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Investment securities held to maturity decreased $87,692,000 to $514,844,000 as of December 31, 2017, compared to December 31, 2016. This decrease is attributable to principal repayments of $86,371,000 and amortization of net purchase price discounts/premiums of $1,321,000.

Additional information about the investment portfolio is provided in Note 3 in the financial statements at Item 8 of Part II of this report.

Restricted Equity Securities

Restricted equity securities were $16,956,000$17,250,000 at December 31, 20172022 and December 31, 2016.2021. The entire balance of restricted equity securities at December 31, 20172022 and December 31, 20162021 represents the Bank’s investment in the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco (“FHLB”).

FHLB stock is carried at par and does not have a readily determinable fair value. While technically these are considered equity securities, there is no market for the FHLB stock. Therefore, the shares are considered as restricted investment securities. Management periodically evaluates FHLB stock for other-than-temporary impairment. Management’s determination of whether these investments are impaired is based on its assessment of the ultimate recoverability of cost rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value. The determination of whether a decline affects the ultimate recoverability of cost is influenced by criteria such as (1) the significance of any decline in net assets of the FHLB as compared to the capital stock amount for the FHLB and the length of time this situation has persisted, (2) commitments by the FHLB to make payments required by law or regulation and the level of such payments in relation to the operating performance of the FHLB, (3) the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on institutions and, accordingly, the customer base of the FHLB, and (4) the liquidity position of the FHLB.

As a member of the FHLB system, the Bank is required to maintain a minimum level of investment in FHLB stock based on specific percentages of its outstanding mortgages, total assets, or FHLB advances. The Bank may request redemption at par value of any stock in excess of the minimum required investment. Stock redemptions are at the discretion of the FHLB.

Loans

The Bank concentrates its lending activities in four principal areas: real estate mortgage loans (residential and commercial loans), consumer loans, commercial loans (including agricultural loans), and real estate construction loans.  The interest rates charged for the loans made by the Bank vary with the degree of risk, the size and maturity of the loans, the borrower’s relationship with the Bank and prevailing money market rates indicative of the Bank’s cost of funds.

The majority of the Bank’s loans are direct loans made to individuals, farmers and local businesses. The Bank relies substantially on local promotional activity and personal contacts by bank officers, directors and employees to compete with other financial institutions. The Bank makes loans to borrowers whose applications include a sound purpose, a viable repayment source and a plan of repayment established at inception and generally backed by a secondary source of repayment.

34TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
Loan Portfolio Composite

Composition

The following table shows the Company’s loan balances, including net deferred loan fees, at the dates indicated:

   Year ended December 31, 
(dollars in thousands)  2017   2016   2015   2014   2013 

Real estate mortgage

  $2,300,322   $2,057,824   $1,811,832   $1,615,359   $1,107,863 

Consumer

   356,874    362,303    395,283    417,084    383,163 

Commercial

   220,412    217,047    194,913    174,945    131,878 

Real estate construction

   137,557    122,419    120,909    75,136    49,103 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loans, net of fees

  $3,015,165   $2,759,593   $2,522,937   $2,282,524   $1,672,007 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

34


Year ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)202220212020
Commercial real estate$4,359,083 $3,306,054 $2,951,902 
Consumer1,240,743 1,071,551 952,108 
Commercial and industrial, excluding PPP568,319 198,208 199,557 
SBA PPP loans1,602 61,147 326,770 
Construction211,560 222,281 284,842 
Agriculture production61,414 50,811 44,164 
Leases7,726 6,572 3,784 
Total loans$6,450,447 $4,916,624 $4,763,127 
Allowance for credit losses$(105,680)$(85,376)$(91,847)

During the year ended 2022, the Company acquired loans totaling $773,390,000 in connection with the merger with VRB in March of 2022, inclusive of approximately $68,513,000 in loans with credit deterioration. During 2021, the Company purchased pools of SFR 1-4 1st DT (consumer) loans totaling approximately $101,466,000, inclusive of loan premiums. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the total remaining balances outstanding from these purchases equaled approximately $804,382,000 and $94,973,000, respectively. During 2020, the Company purchased $41,126,000 in loans, with $30,080,000 outstanding as of December 31, 2022.
The following table shows the Company’s loan balances, including net deferred loan fees, as a percentage of total loans at the dates indicated:

   Year ended December 31, 
   2017  2016  2015  2014  2013 

Real estate mortgage

   76.3  74.6  71.8  70.7  66.3

Consumer

   11.8  13.1  15.7  18.3  22.9

Commercial

   7.3  7.9  7.7  7.7  7.9

Real estate construction

   4.6  4.4  4.8  3.3  2.9
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans, net of fees

   100.0  100.0  100.0  100.0  100.0
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)202220212020
Commercial real estate67.6 %67.2 %62.0 %
Consumer19.2 %21.8 %20.0 %
Commercial and industrial, excluding PPP8.8 %4.1 %4.2 %
SBA PPP loans— %1.2 %6.9 %
Construction3.3 %4.5 %6.0 %
Agriculture production1.0 %1.1 %0.9 %
Leases0.1 %0.1 %0.1 %
Total loans100 %100 %100 %
Allowance for credit losses1.64 %1.74 %1.93 %

At December 31, 20172022, loans including net deferred loan costs, totaled $3,015,165,000$6,450,447,000 which was a 9.3%31.2% ($255,572,000)1,533,823,000) increase over the balance at the end of December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2021 loans, including net deferred loan costs, totaled $4,916,624,000 which was a 3.2% ($153,497,000) increase over the balances at the end of 2016. Demand for all categories of loans was strong to moderate during 2017.

2020. At December 31, 20162020 loans, including net deferred loan costs, totaled $2,759,593,000$4,763,127,000 which was a 9.4%10.6% ($236,656,000)455,761,000) increase over the balances at the end of 2015. Demand for commercial real estate (real estate mortgage)2019.

In March 2020, the Small Business Administration ("SBA") Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") was created to help small businesses keep workers employed during the COVID-19 crisis. As a SBA Preferred Lender, the Company was able to provide PPP loans to small business customers. The SBA ended PPP and did not accept new borrowing applications, effective May 31, 2021.
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the total gross balances outstanding of PPP loans was strong during 2016. Demand for residential mortgage$1,617,000 and $63,311,000, respectively, as compared to total PPP originations of $640,410,000. In connection with the origination of these loans, was strong during 2016. Demand for home equity loans and lines of credit was moderate during 2016.

At December 31, 2015 loans, including netthe Company earned approximately $25,299,000 in loan fees, offset by deferred loan costs totaled $2,522,937,000of approximately $1,245,000, the net of which was a 10.5% ($240,413,000) increasewill be recognized over the balances at the endearlier of 2014. Demand for commercial real estate (real estate mortgage)loan maturity (between 24-60 months), repayment or receipt of forgiveness confirmation. As of December 31, 2022, nearly all PPP loans was strong during 2015. Demand for home equity loansoriginated have been forgiven and lines of credit was weak during 2015.

Asset Quality and Nonperforming Assets

Nonperforming Assets

Loans originatedrepaid by the SBA and there was approximately $15,000 in net deferred fee income remaining to be recognized. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company i.e.,recognized approximately $2,149,000 in fees on PPP loans as compared with $14,148,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021.

From time to time the Bank may be presented with the opportunity to purchase individual or pools of loans in whole or in part outside of a transaction that would be considered a business combination. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the outstanding carrying value of purchased loans that were not purchased or acquired in a business combination are referred to as originated loans. Originated loans are reported at the principal amount outstanding, nettotaled $167,014,000 and $159,373,000, respectively.

35TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of deferred loan feesContents
Asset Quality and costs. Loan origination and commitment fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred, and the net amount is amortized as an adjustment of the related loan’s yield over the actual life of the loan. Originated loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are designated as nonaccrual loans.

Originated loans are placed in nonaccrual status when reasonable doubt exists as to the full, timely collection of interest or principal, or a loan becomes contractually past due by 90 days or more with respect to interest or principal and is not well secured and in the process of collection. When an originated loan is placed on nonaccrual status, all interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed. Income on such loans is then recognized only to the extent that cash is received and where the future collection of principal is probable. Interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when they are brought fully current with respect to interest and principal and when, in the judgment of management, the loan is estimated to be fully collectible as to both principal and interest.

An allowance for loan losses for originated loans is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense. Originated loans and deposit related overdrafts are charged against the allowance for loan losses when management believes that the collectability of the principal is unlikely or, with respect to consumer installment loans, according to an established delinquency schedule. The allowance is an amount that management believes will be adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in existing loans and leases, based on evaluations of the collectability, impairment and prior loss experience of loans and leases. The evaluations take into consideration such factors as changes in the nature and size of the portfolio, overall portfolio quality, loan concentrations, specific problem loans, and current economic conditions that may affect the borrower’s ability to pay. The Company defines an originated loan as impaired when it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the original contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired originated loans are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate. As a practical expedient, impairment may be measured based on the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. When the measure of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, the impairment is recorded through a valuation allowance.

In situations related to originated loans where, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company grants a concession for other than an insignificant period of time to the borrower that the Company would not otherwise consider, the related loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). The Company strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and work with them to modify to more affordable terms before their loan reaches nonaccrual status. These modified terms may include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, payment forbearance and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral. In cases where the Company grants the borrower new terms that result in the loan being classified as a TDR, the Company measures any impairment on the restructuring as noted above for impaired loans. TDR loans are classified as impaired until they are fully paid off or charged off. Loans that are in nonaccrual status at the time they become TDR loans, remain in nonaccrual status

35


until the borrower demonstrates a sustained period of performance which the Company generally believes to be six consecutive months of payments, or equivalent. Otherwise, TDR loans are subject to the same nonaccrual andcharge-off policies as noted above with respect to their restructured principal balance.

Credit risk is inherent in the business of lending. As a result, the Company maintains an allowance for loan losses to absorb losses inherent in the Company’s originated loan portfolio. This is maintained through periodic charges to earnings. These charges are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income as provision for loan losses. All specifically identifiable and quantifiable losses are immediately charged off against the allowance. However, for a variety of reasons, not all losses are immediately known to the Company and, of those that are known, the full extent of the loss may not be quantifiable at that point in time. The balance of the Company’s allowance for originated loan losses is meant to be an estimate of these unknown but probable losses inherent in the portfolio.

The Company formally assesses the adequacy of the allowance for originated loan losses on a quarterly basis. Determination of the adequacy is based on ongoing assessments of the probable risk in the outstanding originated loan portfolio, and to a lesser extent the Company’s originated loan commitments. These assessments include the periodicre-grading of credits based on changes in their individual credit characteristics including delinquency, seasoning, recent financial performance of the borrower, economic factors, changes in the interest rate environment, growth of the portfolio as a whole or by segment, and other factors as warranted. Loans are initially graded when originated. They arere-graded as they are renewed, when there is a new loan to the same borrower, when identified facts demonstrate heightened risk of nonpayment, or if they become delinquent.Re-grading of larger problem loans occurs at least quarterly. Confirmation of the quality of the grading process is obtained by independent credit reviews conducted by consultants specifically hired for this purpose and by various bank regulatory agencies.

The Company’s method for assessing the appropriateness of the allowance for originated loan losses includes specific allowances for impaired originated loans and leases, formula allowance factors for pools of credits, and allowances for changing environmental factors (e.g., interest rates, growth, economic conditions, etc.). Allowance factors for loan pools were based on historical loss experience by product type and prior risk rating.

Loans purchased or acquired in a business combination are referred to as acquired loans. Acquired loans are valued as of acquisition date in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”) Topic 805,Business Combinations. Loans acquired with evidence of credit deterioration since origination for which it is probable that all contractually required payments will not be collected are referred to as purchased credit impaired (PCI) loans. PCI loans are accounted for under FASB ASC Topic310-30,Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. Under FASB ASC Topic 805 and FASB ASC Topic310-30, PCI loans are recorded at fair value at acquisition date, factoring in credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the loan. Accordingly, an allowance for loan losses is not carried over or recorded as of the acquisition date. Fair value is defined as the present value of the future estimated principal and interest payments of the loan, with the discount rate used in the present value calculation representing the estimated effective yield of the loan. Default rates, loss severity, and prepayment speed assumptions are periodically reassessed and our estimate of future payments is adjusted accordingly. The difference between contractual future payments and estimated future payments is referred to as the nonaccretable difference. The difference between estimated future payments and the present value of the estimated future payments is referred to as the accretable yield. The accretable yield represents the amount that is expected to be recorded as interest income over the remaining life of the loan. If after acquisition, the Company determines that the estimated future cash flows of a PCI loan are expected to be more than the originally estimated, an increase in the discount rate (effective yield) would be made such that the newly increased accretable yield would be recognized, on a level yield basis, over the remaining estimated life of the loan. If, after acquisition, the Company determines that the estimated future cash flows of a PCI loan are expected to be less than the previously estimated, the discount rate would first be reduced until the present value of the reduced cash flow estimate equals the previous present value however, the discount rate may not be lowered below its original level at acquisition. If the discount rate has been lowered to its original level and the present value has not been sufficiently lowered, an allowance for loan loss would be established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense to decrease the present value to the required level. If the estimated cash flows improve after an allowance has been established for a loan, the allowance may be partially or fully reversed depending on the improvement in the estimated cash flows. Only after the allowance has been fully reversed may the discount rate be increased. PCI loans are put on nonaccrual status when cash flows cannot be reasonably estimated. PCI loans on nonaccrual status are accounted for using the cost recovery method or cash basis method of income recognition. PCI loans are charged off when evidence suggests cash flows are not recoverable. Foreclosed assets from PCI loans are recorded in foreclosed assets at fair value with the fair value at time of foreclosure representing cash flow from the loan. ASC310-30 allows PCI loans with similar risk characteristics and acquisition time frame to be “pooled” and have their cash flows aggregated as if they were one loan. The Company elected to use the “pooled” method of ASC310-30 for PCI – other loans in the acquisition of certain assets and liabilities of Granite Community Bank, N.A. (“Granite”) in 2010 and Citizens Bank of Northern California (“Citizens”) in 2011.

Acquired loans that are not PCI loans are referred to as purchased not credit impaired (PNCI) loans. PNCI loans are accounted for under FASB ASC Topic310-20,Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs,in which interest income is accrued on a level-yield basis for performing loans. For income recognition purposes, this method assumes that all

36


contractual cash flows will be collected, and no allowance for loan losses is established at the time of acquisition. Post-acquisition date, an allowance for loan losses may need to be established for acquired loans through a provision charged to earnings for credit losses incurred subsequent to acquisition. Under ASC310-20, the loss would be measured based on the probable shortfall in relation to the contractual note requirements, consistent with our allowance for loan loss policy for similar loans.

When referring to PNCI and PCI loans we use the terms “nonaccretable difference”, “accretable yield”, or “purchase discount”. Nonaccretable difference is the difference between undiscounted contractual cash flows due and undiscounted cash flows we expect to collect, or put another way, it is the undiscounted contractual cash flows we do not expect to collect. Accretable yield is the difference between undiscounted cash flows we expect to collect and the value at which we have recorded the loan on our financial statements. On the date of acquisition, all purchased loans are recorded on our consolidated financial statements at estimated fair value. Purchase discount is the difference between the estimated fair value of loans on the date of acquisition and the principal amount owed by the borrower, net of charge offs, on the date of acquisition. We may also refer to “discounts to principal balance of loans owed, net of charge-offs”. Discounts to principal balance of loans owed, net of charge-offs is the difference between principal balance of loans owed, net of charge-offs, and loans as recorded on our financial statements. Discounts to principal balance of loans owed, net of charge-offs arise from purchase discounts, and equal the purchase discount on the acquisition date.

Loans are also categorized as “covered” or “noncovered”. Covered loans refer to loans covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement. Noncovered loans refer to loans not covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement.

Originated loans and PNCI loans are reviewed on an individual basis for reclassification to nonaccrual status when any one of the following occurs: the loan becomes 90 days past due as to interest or principal, the full and timely collection of additional interest or principal becomes uncertain, the loan is classified as doubtful by internal credit review or bank regulatory agencies, a portion of the principal balance has been charged off, or the Company takes possession of the collateral. Loans that are placed on nonaccrual even though the borrowers continue to repay the loans as scheduled are classified as “performing nonaccrual” and are included in total nonperforming loans. The reclassification of loans as nonaccrual does not necessarily reflect management’s judgment as to whether they are collectible.

Interest income on originated nonaccrual loans that would have been recognized during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, if all such loans had been current in accordance with their original terms, totaled $1,067,000, $783,000, and $1,840,000, respectively. Interest income actually recognized on these originated loans during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $530,000, $377,000, and $170,000, respectively. Interest income on PNCI nonaccrual loans that would have been recognized during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, if all such loans had been current in accordance with their original terms, totaled $73,000, $178,000, and $386,000, respectively. Interest income actually recognized on these PNCI loans during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $18,000, $11,000, and $205,000, respectively.

The Company’s policy is to place originated loans and PNCI loans 90 days or more past due on nonaccrual status. In some instances when an originated loan is 90 days past due Management does not place it on nonaccrual status because the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. A loan is considered to be in the process of collection if, based on a probable specific event, it is expected that the loan will be repaid or brought current. Generally, this collection period would not exceed 30 days. Loans where the collateral has been repossessed are classified as foreclosed assets. Management considers both the adequacy of the collateral and the other resources of the borrower in determining the steps to be taken to collect nonaccrual loans. Alternatives that are considered are foreclosure, collecting on guarantees, restructuring the loan or collection lawsuits.

37


Nonperforming Assets

Nonperforming Assets
The following tabletables set forth the amount of the Bank’s nonperforming assets as of the dates indicated. For purposes of the following table, “PCI – other” loans that are 90 days past due and still accruing are not considered nonperforming loans. “Performing nonaccrualnon-accrual loans” are loans that may be current for both principal and interest payments, or are less than 90 days past due, but for which payment in full of both principal and interest is not expected, and are not well secured and in the process of collection:

   December 31, 
(dollars in thousands)  2017  2016  2015  2014  2013 

Performing nonaccrual loans

  $20,937  $17,677  $31,033  $45,072  $48,112 

Nonperforming nonaccrual loans

   3,176   2,451   6,086   2,517   5,104 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonaccrual loans

   24,113   20,128   37,119   47,589   53,216 

Originated and PNCI loans 90 days past due and still accruing

   281   —     —     —     —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonperforming loans

   24,394   20,128   37,119   47,589   53,216 

Noncovered foreclosed assets

   3,226   3,763   5,369   4,449   5,588 

Covered foreclosed assets

   —     223   —     445   674 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonperforming assets

  $27,620  $24,114  $42,488  $52,483  $59,478 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

U.S. government, including its agencies and its government-sponsored agencies, guaranteed portion of nonperforming loans

  $358  $911  $28  $123  $101 

Indemnified portion of covered foreclosed assets

   —    $218   —    $356  $539 

Nonperforming assets to total assets

   0.58  0.53  1.01  1.88  2.30

Nonperforming loans to total loans

   0.81  0.73  1.47  2.08  3.18

Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans

   124  161  97  77  72

Allowance for loan losses, unamortized loan fees, and discounts to loan principal balances owed

   0.77  2.09  2.69  3.31  4.09

The following tables set forth the amount of the Bank’s
December 31,
(dollars in thousands)20222021202020192018
Performing nonaccrual loans$19,543 $27,713 $22,896 $11,266 $22,689 
Nonperforming nonaccrual loans1,770 2,637 3,968 5,579 4,805 
Total nonaccrual loans21,313 30,350 26,864 16,845 27,494 
Loans 90 days past due and still accruing— — 19 — 
Total nonperforming loans21,321 30,350 26,864 16,864 27,494 
Foreclosed assets3,439 2,594 2,844 2,541 2,280 
Total nonperforming assets$24,760 $32,944 $29,708 $19,405 $29,774 
U.S. government, including its agencies and its government-sponsored agencies, guaranteed portion of nonperforming loans$225 $756 $811 $992 $1,173 
Nonperforming assets to total assets0.25 %0.38 %0.39 %0.30 %0.47 %
Nonperforming loans to total loans0.33 %0.61 %0.56 %0.39 %0.68 %
Allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans516 %281 %342 %182 %119 %


Changes in nonperforming assets as ofduring the dates indicated. For purposes of the following tables, “PCI – other” loans that are 90 days past due and still accruing are not considered nonperforming loans. “Performing nonaccrual loans” are loans that may be current for both principal and interest payments, or are less than 90 days past due, but for which payment in full of both principal and interest is not expected, and are not well secured and in the process of collection:

   December 31, 2017 
(dollars in thousands)  Originated  PNCI  PCI – cash basis  PCI - other  Total 

Performing nonaccrual loans

  $12,942  $1,305  $2,056  $4,634  $20,937 

Nonperforming nonaccrual loans

   2,520   158   13   485   3,176 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonaccrual loans

   15,462   1,463   2,069   5,119   24,113 

Originated loans 90 days past due and still accruing

   —     281   —     —     281 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonperforming loans

   15,462   1,744   2,069   5,119   24,394 

Noncovered foreclosed assets

   1,836   —     —     1,390   3,226 

Covered foreclosed assets

   —     —     —     —     —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonperforming assets

  $17,298  $1,744  $2,069  $6,509  $27,620 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

U.S. government, including its agencies and its government-sponsored agencies, guaranteed portion of nonperforming loans

  $358   —     —     —    $358 

Indemnified portion of covered foreclosed assets

   —     —     —     —     —   

Nonperforming assets to total assets

   0.36  0.04  0.04  0.14  0.58

Nonperforming loans to total loans

   0.57  0.56  100.0  37.94  0.81

Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans

   188  53  1  5  124

Allowance for loan losses, unamortized loan fees, and discounts to loan principal balances owed

   0.32  2.22  64.71  22.10  0.77

38


The following tables set forth the amount of the Bank’s nonperforming assets as of the dates indicated. For purposes of the following tables, “PCI – other” loans that are 90 days past due and still accruing are not considered nonperforming loans. “Performing nonaccrual loans” are loans that may be current for both principal and interest payments, or are less than 90 days past due, but for which payment in full of both principal and interest is not expected, and are not well secured and in the process of collection:

   December 31, 2016 
(dollars in thousands)  Originated  PNCI  PCI – cash basis  PCI - other  Total 

Performing nonaccrual loans

  $11,146  $2,131  $2,983  $1,417  $17,677 

Nonperforming nonaccrual loans

   1,748   703   —     —     2,451 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonaccrual loans

   12,894   2,834  $2,983  $1,417   20,128 

Originated loans 90 days past due and still accruing

   —     —     —     —     —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonperforming loans

   12,894   2,834  $2,983  $1,417   20,128 

Noncovered foreclosed assets

   2,277   —     —     1,486   3,763 

Covered foreclosed assets

   —     —     —     223   223 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonperforming assets

  $15,171  $2,834  $2,983  $3,126  $24,114 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

U.S. government, including its agencies and its government-sponsored agencies, guaranteed portion of nonperforming loans

  $911   —     —     —    $911 

Indemnified portion of covered foreclosed assets

   —     —     —    $218  $218 

Nonperforming assets to total assets

   0.34  0.06  0.07  0.07  0.53

Nonperforming loans to total loans

   0.55  0.75  100.00  6.42  0.73

Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans

   218  59  1  189  161

Allowance for loan losses, unamortized loan fees, and discounts to loan principal balances owed

   1.48  2.98  64.18  24.44  2.09

year ended December 31, 2022

The following table shows the activity in the balance of nonperforming assets for the year ended December 31, 2017:

(dollars in thousands):  Balance at
December 31,
2017
   New
NPA
   Advances/
Capitalized
Costs
   Pay-downs
/Sales
/Upgrades
  Charge-offs/
Write-downs
  Transfers to
Foreclosed
Assets
  Category
Changes
  Balance at
December 31,
2016
 

Real estate mortgage:

            

Residential

  $3,739   $3,416   $1   $(123 $(60 $(127 $183  $449 

Commercial

   11,820    11,715    45    (10,439  (186  (466  258   10,893 

Consumer

            

Home equity lines

   3,482    1,234    424    (2,139  (98  (550  (326  4,937 

Home equity loans

   1,636    1,701    54    (660  (332  (140  143   870 

Other consumer

   11    653    —      (43  (637  —     —     38 

Commercial

   3,706    5,292    42    (2,712  (1,444  (144  (258  2,930 

Construction:

            

Residential

   —      1,118    —      (25  (1,104  —     —     11 

Commercial

   —      —      —      —     —     —     —     —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonperforming loans

   24,394    25,129    566    (16,141  (3,861  (1,427  —     20,128 

Noncovered foreclosed assets

   3,226    —      —      (1,938  (26  1,427   —     3,763 

Covered foreclosed assets

   —      —      —      (223  —     —     —     223 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonperforming assets

  $27,620   $25,129   $566   $(18,301 $(3,886  —     —    $24,114 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

2022:

(in thousands)Balance at
December 31, 2021
AdditionsAdvances/
Paydowns, net
Charge-offs/
Write-downs
Transfers to
Foreclosed
Assets
Balance at
December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied$7,899 $2,214 $(8,374)$— $— $1,739 
CRE owner occupied5,036 3,861 (3,675)— (284)4,938 
Multifamily4,457 — (4,332)— — 125 
Farmland3,020 2,498 (3,139)(294)(313)1,772 
Total commercial real estate loans20,412 8,573 (19,520)(294)(597)8,574 
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT3,596 2,005 (1,003)— (378)4,220 
SFR HELOCs and junior liens3,801 2,578 (2,827)(22)(375)3,155 
Other71 164 (35)(124)— 76 
Total consumer loans7,468 4,747 (3,865)(146)(753)7,451 
Commercial and industrial2,415 3,741 (1,933)(697)— 3,526 
Construction55 464 (28)— — 491 
Agriculture production— 5,373 (4,094)— — 1,279 
Leases— — — — — — 
Total nonperforming loans30,350 22,898 (29,440)(1,137)(1,350)21,321 
Foreclosed assets2,594 203 (708)— 1,350 3,439 
Total nonperforming assets$32,944 $23,101 $(30,148)$(1,137)$— $24,760 
The table above does not include deposit overdraft charge-offs.

39

Nonperforming assets decreased by $8,184,000 (24.8%) to $24,760,000 at December 31, 2022 from $32,944,000 at December 31, 2021. The decrease in nonperforming assets during 2022 was the result of net paydowns, sales or upgrades of nonperforming loans to performing status totaling $29,440,000, which was partially offset by $22,898,000 of additions to non-performing loans and net charge-offs of $1,137,000.

36TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
Changes in nonperforming assets during the year ended December 31, 2021
The following tables and narratives describetable shows the activity in the balance of nonperforming assets during each offor the three-month periods ending March 31, June 30, September 30, andyear ended December 31, 2017. These tables2021:
(in thousands)Balance at
December 31, 2020
AdditionsAdvances/
Paydowns, net
Charge-offs/
Write-downs
Transfers to
Foreclosed
Assets
Balance at
December 31, 2021
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied$3,110 $6,357 $(1,568)$— $— $7,899 
CRE owner occupied4,061 2,408 (1,415)(18)— 5,036 
Multifamily— 4,568 (111)— — 4,457 
Farmland1,538 2,029 (421)(126)— 3,020 
Total commercial real estate loans8,709 15,362 (3,515)(144)— 20,412 
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT5,094 174 (978)(145)(549)3,596 
SFR HELOCs and junior liens6,148 1,446 (3,260)(30)(503)3,801 
Other167 194 (37)(253)— 71 
Total consumer loans11,409 1,814 (4,275)(428)(1,052)7,468 
Commercial and industrial2,182 2,683 (980)(1,470)— 2,415 
Construction4,546 67 (4,531)(27)— 55 
Agriculture production18 120 (138)— — — 
Leases— — — — — — 
Total nonperforming loans26,864 20,046 (13,439)(2,069)(1,052)30,350 
Foreclosed assets2,844 (9)(1,293)— 1,052 2,594 
Total nonperforming assets$29,708 $20,037 $(14,732)$(2,069)$— $32,944 
The table above does not include deposit overdraft charge-offs.
Nonperforming assets increased by $3,236,000 (10.9%) to $32,944,000 at December 31, 2021 from $29,708,000 at December 31, 2020. The increase in nonperforming assets during 2021 was the result of new nonperforming loans of $20,037,000, which was partially offset by net paydowns, sales or upgrades of nonperforming loans to performing status totaling $13,439,000, dispositions of foreclosed assets totaling $1,293,000, and narratives are presented in chronological order:

net charge-offs of $2,069,000.

37TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
Changes in nonperforming assets during the three months ended December 31, 2017

(dollars in thousands):  Balance at
December 31,
2017
   New
NPA
   Advances/
Capitalized
Costs
   

Pay-downs
/Sales

/Upgrades

  Charge-offs/
Write-downs
  Transfers to
Foreclosed
Assets
  Category
Changes
  Balance at
September 30,
2017
 

Real estate mortgage:

            

Residential

  $3,739   $830   $1   $(31  —    $(127  —    $3,066 

Commercial

   11,820    6,318    38    (6,488 $(16  (381  —     12,349 

Consumer

            

Home equity lines

   3,482    701    64    (157  —     (88 $(57  3,019 

Home equity loans

   1,636    510    54    (386  (1  (98  57   1,500 

Other consumer

   11    198    —      (4  (202  —     —     19 

Commercial (C&I)

   3,706    2,290    39    (224  (256  (144  —     2,001 

Construction:

            

Residential

   —      —      —      —     —     —     —     —   

Commercial

   —      —      —      —     —     —     —     —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonperforming loans

   24,394    10,847    196    (7,290  (475  (838  —     21,954 

Noncovered foreclosed assets

   3,226    —      —      (683  —     838   —     3,071 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonperforming assets

  $27,620   $10,847   $196   $(7,973 $(475  —     —    $25,025 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

2022

The following table above does not includeshows the activity in the balance of nonperforming assets for the quarter ended December 31, 2022:
(in thousands)Balance at
September 30, 2022
AdditionsAdvances/
Paydowns, net
Charge-offs/
Write-downs (1)
Transfers to
Foreclosed
Assets
Balance at
December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied$2,032 $— $(293)$— $— $1,739 
CRE owner occupied1,778 3,213 (53)— — 4,938 
Multifamily132 — (7)— — 125 
Farmland695 1,772 (695)— — 1,772 
Total commercial real estate loans4,637 4,985 (1,048)— — 8,574 
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT3,255 1,283 (99)— (219)4,220 
SFR HELOCs and junior liens3,365 486 (674)(22)— 3,155 
Other61 23 (7)(1)— 76 
Total consumer loans6,681 1,792 (780)(23)(219)7,451 
Commercial and industrial660 3,030 (114)(50)— 3,526 
Construction120 379 (8)— — 491 
Agriculture production5,373 — (4,094)— — 1,279 
Leases— — — — — — 
Total nonperforming loans17,471 10,186 (6,044)(73)(219)21,321 
Foreclosed assets3,441 92 (313)— 219 3,439 
Total nonperforming assets$20,912 $10,278 $(6,357)$(73)$— $24,760 
(1) Charge-offs and write-downs exclude deposit overdraft charge-offs.

Nonperforming assets increased during the fourth quarter of 20172022 by $2,595,000 (10.4%$3,848,000 (18.4%) to $27,620,000$24,760,000 at December 31, 20172022 compared to $25,025,000$20,912,000 at September 30, 2017.2022. The increase in nonperforming assets during the fourth quarter of 20172022 was primarily the result of new nonperforming loans of $10,847,000, and advances on nonperforming loans of $196,000,$10,186,000, that were partially offset by net paydowns, sales or upgrades of nonperforming loans to performing status totaling $7,290,000, dispositions of foreclosed assets totaling $683,000,$6,044,000, and loannet charge-offs of $475,000.

$73,000 in non-performing loans. The $10,847,000current quarter change in new nonperforming loans during the fourth quarter of 2017 was comprised of increases of $830,000 on four residential real estate loans, $6,318,000 on four commercial real estate loans, $1,211,000 on nine home equity lines and loans, $198,000 on 30 consumer loans, and $2,290,000 on 11 C&I loans.

The $830,000 in new nonperforming residential real estate loans was primarily made up of one loan in the amount of $345,000 secured bynon-performing assets is nearly entirely attributed to a single family property in northern California. The $6,318,000 in new nonperforming CRE loans was primarily comprised of two loans in the amount of $5,178,000 secured by commercial office properties in northern California, one loan in the amount of $793,000 secured by a medical office building in northern California, one loan in the amount of $381,000 secured by residential development land in northern California, and one loan in the amount of $347,000 secured by commercial retail real estate in northern California. The $2,290,000 in new nonperforming C&I loans was primarily comprised of two loans totaling $1,865,000 within a single relationship, secured by general business assets in central California, and one loan in the amount of $290,000 secured by general business assets in northern California. Related charge-offs are discussed below.

Loan charge-offs during the three months ended December 31, 2017

In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company recorded $475,000 in loan charge-offs and $153,000 in deposit overdraft charge-offs less $461,000 in loan recoveries and $66,000 in deposit overdraft recoveries resulting in $101,000 of net charge-offs. Primary causeswhich is considered well-secured as of the loan charges taken in the fourth quartercurrent period end.


38TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of 2017 were gross charge-offs of $16,000 on a single commercial real estate loan, $1,000 on one equity loan, $202,000 on 33 other consumer loans, and $256,000 on twelve C&I loans.

Total charge-offs were comprised of individual charges of less than $250,000 each. Generally losses are triggered bynon-performance by the borrower and calculated based on any difference between the current loan amount and the current value of the underlying collateral less any estimated costs associated with the disposition of the collateral.

40


Contents

Changes in nonperforming assets during the three months ended September 30, 2017

(dollars in thousands):  Balance at
September 30,
2017
   New
NPA
   Advances/
Capitalized
Costs
   

Pay-downs
/Sales

/Upgrades

  Charge-offs/
Write-downs
  Transfers to
Foreclosed
Assets
  Category
Changes
  Balance at
June 30,
2017
 

Real estate mortgage:

            

Residential

  $3,066   $1,144    —     $(43 $(60  —     183  $1,842 

Commercial

   12,349    3,323   $7    (486  (20  —     123   9,402 

Consumer

            

Home equity lines

   3,019    137    —      (448  (13  —     (210  3,553 

Home equity loans

   1,500    709    —      (103  (94 $(42  27   1,003 

Other consumer

   19    143    —      (24  (174  —     —     74 

Commercial (C&I)

   2,001    1,189    3    (332  (291  —     (123  1,555 

Construction:

            

Residential

   —      33      —     (33  —     —     —   

Commercial

   —          —     —     —     —     —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonperforming loans

   21,954    6,678    10    (1,436  (685  (42  —     17,429 

Noncovered foreclosed assets

   3,071    —      —      (325  (135  42   —     3,489 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonperforming assets

  $25,025   $6,678   $10   $(1,761 $(820  —     —    $20,918 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

December 31, 2021

The following table above does not includeshows the activity in the balance of nonperforming assets for the quarter ended December 31, 2021:
(in thousands)Balance at
September 30, 2021
AdditionsAdvances/
Paydowns, net
Charge-offs/
Write-downs (1)
Transfers to
Foreclosed
Assets
Balance at
December 31, 2021
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied$7,713 $581 $(395)$— $— $7,899 
CRE owner occupied4,877 273 (114)— — 5,036 
Multifamily4,560 — (103)— — 4,457 
Farmland1,147 1,992 (119)— — 3,020 
Total commercial real estate loans18,297 2,846 (731)— — 20,412 
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT3,833 131 (368)— — 3,596 
SFR HELOCs and junior liens4,034 585 (285)(30)(503)3,801 
Other84 28 (17)(24)— 71 
Total consumer loans7,951 744 (670)(54)(503)7,468 
Commercial and industrial2,407 201 (169)(24)— 2,415 
Construction15 67 — (27)— 55 
Agriculture production120 — (120)— — — 
Leases— — — — — — 
Total nonperforming loans28,790 3,858 (1,690)(105)(503)30,350 
Foreclosed assets2,650 — (559)— 503 2,594 
Total nonperforming assets$31,440 $3,858 $(2,249)$(105)$— $32,944 
(1) Charge-offs and write-downs exclude deposit overdraft charge-offs.

Nonperforming assets increased during the thirdfourth quarter of 20172021 by $4,107,000 (19.6%$1,504,000 (4.8%) to $25,025,000$32,944,000 at December 31, 2020 compared to $31,440,000 at September 30, 2017 compared to $20,918,000 at June 30, 2017.2021. The increase in nonperforming assets during the thirdfourth quarter of 20172021 was primarily the result of new nonperforming loans of $6,678,000, and advances on nonperforming loans of $10,000,$3,858,000, that were partially offset by net paydowns, sales or upgrades of nonperforming loans to performing status totaling $1,436,000,$1,690,000, dispositions of foreclosed assets totaling $325,000, loan$559,000, and net charge-offs of $685,000, and write-downs on foreclosed assets of $135,000.

$105,000 in non-performing loans.

The $6,678,000$3,858,000 in new nonperforming loans during the thirdfourth quarter of 20172021 was comprised of, increasesmost notably, an increase of $1,144,000$1,992,000 and $1,633,000, respectively, on three residential real estate loans, $3,323,000 on five commercial real estate loans, $846,000 on 10 home equity lines and loans, $143,000 on 21 consumer loans, $1,189,000 on 15 C&I loans, and $33,000 on one residential construction loan.

separate farmland relationships, both of which have been individually evaluated for collectability under the collateral methodology. Reserves of approximately $275,000 have been recorded in connections with these relationships has been recorded as of December 31, 2021.












39TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
Allowance for Credit Losses - Investment Securities
The $1,144,000Company evaluates available for sale debt securities in new nonperforming residential real estate loans was primarily made up of one loanan unrealized loss position to determine whether the decline in the fair value below the amortized cost basis (impairment) is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Any impairment that is not credit related is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Credit-related impairment is recognized as an allowance for credit losses on the balance sheet, limited to the amount of $939,000 secured by which the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value, with a single family property in northern California. The $3,323,000 in new nonperforming CRE loans was primarily comprised of two loans secured by commercial office properties in northern California. The $1,189,000 in new nonperforming C&I loans was primarily comprised of four loans within a single relationship secured by general business assets in northern California. Related charge-offs are discussed below.

Loan charge-offs duringcorresponding adjustment to earnings. Both the three months ended September 30, 2017

Inallowance for credit losses and the third quarter of 2017,adjustment to net income may be reversed if conditions change. However, if the Company recorded $685,000intends to sell an impaired available for sale debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell such a security before recovering its amortized cost basis, the entire impairment amount is recognized in loan charge-offsearnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security's amortized cost basis. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and $176,0002021, no allowance for credit losses nor impairment recognized in deposit overdraft charge-offs less $646,000 in loan recoveries and $55,000 in deposit overdraft recoveries resulting in $161,000 of net charge-offs. Primary causes of the loan charges taken in the third quarter of 2017 were gross charge-offs of $60,000 on two residential real estate loans, $20,000 on a single commercial real estate loan, $107,000 on six home equity lines and loans, $174,000 on 19 other consumer loans, $291,000 on four C&I loans and $33,000 on a single pool of Purchasedearnings related to available for sale investment securities was recorded.

Allowance for Credit Impaired residential construction loans.

Total charge-offs were comprised of individual charges of less than $250,000 each. GenerallyLosses - Held to Maturity Investment Securities

In addition to credit losses are triggered bynon-performance by the borrower and calculated based on any difference between the current loan amount and the current value of the underlying collateral less any estimated costs associated with the dispositionCompany's loan portfolio, the CECL standard requires that loss estimates be developed for securities classified as held-to-maturity (HTM). As of December 31, 2022, the collateral.

41


Changes in nonperforming assets during the three months ended June 30, 2017

(dollars in thousands):  Balance at
June 30,
2017
   New
NPA
   Advances/
Capitalized
Costs
   

Pay-downs
/Sales

/Upgrades

  Charge-offs/
Write-downs
  Transfers to
Foreclosed
Assets
  Category
Changes
  Balance at
March 31,
2017
 

Real estate mortgage:

            

Residential

  $1,842   $1,097    —     $(16  —     —     —    $761 

Commercial

   9,402    362    —      (3,085 $(150  —    $135   12,140 

Consumer

            

Home equity lines

   3,553    396   $360    (428  (13 $(462  —     3,700 

Home equity loans

   1,003    283    —      (35  (206  —     —     961 

Other consumer

   74    255    —      (6  (190  —     —     15 

Commercial (C&I)

   1,555    1,684    —      (1,139  (764  —    $(135  1,909 

Construction:

            

Residential

   —      1,071    —      (25  (1,071  —     —     25 

Commercial

   —      —      —      —     —     —     —     —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonperforming loans

   17,429    5,148    360    (4,734  (2,394  (462  —     19,511 

Noncovered foreclosed assets

   3,489    —      —      (545  43  $462   —     3,529 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonperforming assets

  $20,918   $5,148   $360   $(5,279 $(2,351  —     —    $23,040 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The table above does not include deposit overdraft charge-offs.

Nonperforming assets decreased during the second quarterCompany's HTM investment portfolio had a carrying value of 2017 by $2,122,000 (9.2%) to $20,918,000 at June 30, 2017 compared to $23,040,000 at March 31, 2017. The decrease in nonperforming assets during the second quarter of 2017 was primarily the result of sales or upgrades of nonperforming loans to performing status totaling $4,734,000, dispositions of foreclosed assets totaling $545,000,approximately $160,983,000 and loan charge-offs of $2,394,000, that were partially offset by new nonperforming loans of $5,148,000, advances on nonperforming loans of $360,000, and an increase in foreclosed asset valuation of $43,000, the net result of $6,000 of write-downs and $49,000 of positive adjustments to foreclosed asset valuations.

The $5,148,000 in new nonperforming loans during the second quarter of 2017 was comprised of increases$154,830,000 in obligations backed by U.S. government agencies and $6,153,000 in obligations of $1,097,000 on two residential real estate loans, $362,000 on two commercial real estate loans, $679,000 on 11 home equity linesstates and loans, $255,000 on 27 consumer loans, $1,684,000 on 12 C&I loans, and $1,071,000 residential construction loans.

The $1,097,000 in new nonperforming residential real estate loans was primarily made up of one loan inpolitical subdivisions. As the amount of $959,000 secured by a single family property in southern California. The $1,684,000 in new nonperforming C&I loans was primarily comprised of one loan in the amount of $361,000 secured by crop proceeds in northern California, and one loan in the amount of $363,000 secured by general business assets in northern California. Also, included in these new nonperforming assets during the three months ended June 30, 2017 were residential construction loans of $1,071,000, commercial loans of $424,000, and commercial real estate loans of $150,000; all of which were classified as PCI – other loans and accounted for using the pool method of accounting under ASC Topic310-30; and for which the related pools were resolved during the three months ended June 30, 2017 resulting in these fully reserved loan balances to be deemed uncollectable and simultaneously charged off. Related charge-offs are discussed below.

Loan charge-offs during the three months ended June 30, 2017

In the second quarter of 2017, the Company recorded $2,394,000 in loan charge-offs and $118,000 in deposit overdraft charge-offs less $377,000 in loan recoveries and $56,000 in deposit overdraft recoveries resulting in $2,079,000 of net charge-offs. Primary causes96.1% of the loan charges takenHTM portfolio consisted of investment securities where payment performance has an implicit or explicit guarantee from the U.S. government and where no history of credit losses exist, management believes that indicators for zero loss are present and therefore, no loss reserves were recognized in the first quarter of 2017 were gross charge-offs of $150,000 on a single pool of PCI - other commercial real estate loans, $219,000 on five home equity lines and loans, $190,000 on 24 other consumer loans, $764,000 on five C&I loans and $1,071,000 on a single pool of Purchased Credit Impaired residential construction loans.

Total charge-offs were generally comprised of individual charges of less than $250,000 eachconjunction with the exception of two during the quarter. Each of these charges was related to the resolution of a pool of Purchased Credit Impaired loans. One charge in the amount of $424,000 was related to C&I loans secured by general business assets in northern California, and the second in the amount of $1,071,000 was related to a pool of residential construction loans in northern California. Generally losses are triggered bynon-performance by the borrower and calculated based on any difference between the current loan amount and the current valueadoption of the underlying collateral less any estimated costsCECL standard. Further, management separately evaluated its HTM investment securities from obligations of state and political subdivisions utilizing the historical loss data represented by similar securities over a period of time spanning nearly 50 years. Based on this evaluation, management determined that the expected credit losses associated with the disposition of the collateral.

42


Changes in nonperforming assets during the three months ended March 31, 2017

(dollars in thousands):  Balance at
March 31,
2017
   New
NPA
   Advances/
Capitalized
Costs
   

Pay-downs
/Sales

/Upgrades

  Charge-offs/
Write-downs
  Transfers to
Foreclosed
Assets
  Category
Changes
  Balance at
December 31,
2016
 

Real estate mortgage:

            

Residential

  $761   $345    —     $(33  —     —     $449 

Commercial

   12,140    1,712    —      (380  —    $(85  —     10,893 

Consumer

            

Home equity lines

   3,700    —      —      (1,107 $(71  —    $(59  4,937 

Home equity loans

   961    199    —      (136  (31  —     59   870 

Other consumer

   15    57    —      (9  (71  —     —     38 

Commercial (C&I)

   1,909    129    —      (1,017  (133  —     —     2,930 

Construction:

            

Residential

   25    14    —      —     —     —     —     11 

Commercial

   —      —      —      —     —     —     —     —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonperforming loans

   19,511    2,456    —      (2,682  (306  (85  —     20,128 

Noncovered foreclosed assets

   3,529    —      —      (385  66   85   —     3,763 

Covered foreclosed assets

   —      —      —      (223  —     —     —     223 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonperforming assets

  $23,040   $2,456    —     $(3,290 $240   —     —    $24,114 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The table above does not include deposit overdraft charge-offs.

Nonperforming assets decreased during the first quarter of 2017 by $1,074,000 (4.5%) to $23,040,000 at March 31, 2017 compared to $24,114,000 at December 31, 2016. The decrease in nonperforming assets during the first quarter of 2017 was primarily the result of sales or upgrades of nonperforming loans to performing status totaling $2,682,000, dispositions of foreclosed assets totaling $608,000, loan charge-offs of $306,000, and write-downs on foreclosed assets totaling $22,000, that were partially offset by new nonperforming loans of $2,456,000, and an increase in foreclosed asset valuation of $66,000, the net result of $22,000 of write-downs and $88,000 of positive adjustments to foreclosed asset valuations.

The $2,456,000 in new nonperforming loans during the first quarter of 2017 was comprised of increases of $345,000 on three residential real estate loans, $1,712,000 on one commercial real estate loan, $199,000 on three home equity lines and loans, $57,000 on 10 consumer loans, $129,000 on two C&I loans, and $14,000 on a single residential construction loan.

The $1,712,000 in new nonperforming commercial real estate loans was entirely comprised of one loan secured by a commercial mini storage facility in central California. Related charge-offs are discussed below.

Loan charge-offs during the three months ended March 31, 2017

In the first quarter of 2017, the Company recorded $306,000 in loan charge-offs and $103,000 in deposit overdraft charge-offs less $406,000 in loan recoveries and $74,000 in deposit overdraft recoveries resulting in $71,000 of net recoveries. Primary causes of the loan charges taken in the first quarter of 2017 were gross charge-offs of $102,000 on five home equity lines and loans, $71,000 on 12 other consumer loans, and $133,000 on five C&I loans.

Total charge-offs were generally comprised of individual charges of less than $250,000 each. Generally losses are triggered bynon-performance by the borrower and calculated based on any difference between the current loan amount and the current value of the underlying collateral less any estimated costs associated with the disposition of the collateral.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The Company’s allowance for loan losses is comprised of allowances for originated, PNCI and PCI loans. All such allowances are established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense.

Originated and PNCI loans, and deposit related overdrafts are charged against the allowance for originated loan losses when Management believes that the collectability of the principal is unlikely or, with respect to consumer installment loans, according to an established delinquency schedule. The allowances for originated and PNCI loan losses are amounts that Management believes will be adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in existing originated loans, based on evaluations of the collectability, impairment and prior loss experience of those loans and leases. The evaluations take into consideration such factors as changes in the nature and size of the portfolio, overall portfolio quality, loan concentrations, specific problem loans, and current economic conditions that may affect the borrower’s ability to pay. The Company defines an originated or PNCI loan as impaired when it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired originated and PNCI loans are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate. As a practical expedient, impairment may be measured based on the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. When the measure of the impaired loanthese securities is less than significant for financial reporting purposes. Therefore, during the recorded investment in the loan, the impairment is recorded through a valuation allowance.

43


In situationsyear ended December 31, 2022 no allowance for credit losses related to originatedHTM securities was recorded.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Unfunded Commitments
The estimated credit losses associated with these unfunded lending commitments is calculated using the same models and PNCI loans where,methodologies noted above and incorporate utilization assumptions at the estimated time of default. While the provision for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company grants a concessioncredit losses associated with unfunded commitments is included in "provision for other than an insignificant period of time to the borrower that the Company would not otherwise consider, the related loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). The Company strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and work with them to modify to more affordable terms before their loan reaches nonaccrual status. These modified terms may include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, payment forbearance and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral. In cases where the Company grants the borrower new terms that provide for a reduction of either interest or principal, the Company measures any impairment(benefit from) credit losses" on the restructuring as noted aboveconsolidated statement of income, the reserve for impaired loans. TDR loans are classified as impaired until they are fully paid off or charged off. Loans that are in nonaccrual status at the time they become TDR loans, remain in nonaccrual status until the borrower demonstrates a sustained period of performance which the Company generally believes to be six consecutive months of payments, or equivalent. Otherwise, TDR loans are subject to the same nonaccrual andcharge-off policies as noted above with respect to their restructured principal balance.

Credit riskunfunded commitments is inherent in the business of lending. As a result, the Company maintains an allowance for loan losses to absorb incurred losses inherent in the Company’s originated and PNCI loan portfolios. These are maintained through periodic charges to earnings. These charges are included in the Consolidated Income Statements as provision for loan losses. All specifically identifiable and quantifiable losses are immediately charged off against the allowance. However, for a variety of reasons, not all losses are immediately known to the Company and, of those that are known, the full extent of the loss may not be quantifiable at that point in time. The balance of the Company’s allowances for originated and PNCI loan losses are meant to be an estimate of these unknown but probable losses inherent in these portfolios.

The Company formally assesses the adequacy of the allowance for originated and PNCI loan losses on a quarterly basis. Determination of the adequacy is based on ongoing assessments of the probable risk in the outstanding originated and PNCI loan portfolios, and to a lesser extent the Company’s originated and PNCI loan commitments. These assessments include the periodicre-grading of credits based on changes in their individual credit characteristics including delinquency, seasoning, recent financial performance of the borrower, economic factors, changes in the interest rate environment, growth of the portfolio as a whole or by segment, and other factors as warranted. Loans are initially graded when originated or acquired. They arere-graded as they are renewed, when there is a new loan to the same borrower, when identified facts demonstrate heightened risk of nonpayment, or if they become delinquent.Re-grading of larger problem loans occurs at least quarterly. Confirmation of the quality of the grading process is obtained by independent credit reviews conducted by consultants specifically hired for this purpose and by various bank regulatory agencies.

The Company’s method for assessing the appropriateness of the allowance for originated and PNCI loan losses includes specific allowances for impaired loans and leases, formula allowance factors for pools of credits, and allowances for changing environmental factors (e.g., interest rates, growth, economic conditions, etc.). Allowance factors for loan pools are based on historical loss experience by product type and prior risk rating. Allowances for impaired loans are based on analysis of individual credits. Allowances for changing environmental factors are Management’s best estimate of the probable impact these changes have had on the originated or PNCI loan portfolio as a whole. The allowances for originated and PNCI loans are includedconsolidated balance sheet in the allowance for loan losses.

As noted above, the allowances for originated and PNCI loan losses consists of a specific allowance, a formula allowance, and an allowance for environmental factors. The first component, the specific allowance, results from the analysis of identified credits that meet management’s criteria for specific evaluation. These loans are reviewed individually to determine if such loans are considered impaired. Impaired loans are those where management has concluded that it is probable that the borrower will be unable to pay all amounts due under the original contractual terms. Impaired loans are specifically reviewed and evaluated individually by management for loss potential by evaluating sources of repayment, including collateral as applicable, and a specified allowance for loan losses is established where necessary.

The second component of the allowance for originated and PNCI loan losses, the formula allowance, is an estimate of the probable losses that have occurred across the major loan categories in the Company’s originated and PNCI loan portfolios. This analysis is based on loan grades by pool and the loss history of these pools. This analysis covers the Company’s entire originated and PNCI loan portfolios including unused commitments but excludes any loans that were analyzed individually and assigned a specific allowance as discussed above. The total amount allocated for this component is determined by applying loss estimation factors to outstanding loans and loan commitments. The loss factors were previously based primarily on the Company’s historical loss experience tracked over a five-year period and adjusted as appropriate for the input of current trends and events. Because historical loss experience varies for the different categories of originated loans, the loss factors applied to each category also differed. In addition, there is a greater chance that the Company would suffer a loss from a loan that was risk rated less than satisfactory than if the loan was last graded satisfactory. Therefore, for any given category, a larger loss estimation factor was applied to less than satisfactory loans than to those that the Company last graded as satisfactory. The resulting formula allowance was the sum of the allocations determined in this manner.

44


The third component of the allowances for originated and PNCI loan losses, the environmental factor allowance, is a component that is not allocated to specific loans or groups of loans, but rather is intended to absorb losses that may not be provided for by the other components.

There are several primary reasons that the other components discussed above might not be sufficient to absorb the losses present in the originated and PNCI loan portfolios, and the environmental factor allowance is used to provide for the losses that have occurred because of them.

The first reason is that there are limitations to any credit risk grading process. The volume of originated and PNCI loans makes it impractical tore-grade every loan every quarter. Therefore, it is possible that some currently performing originated or PNCI loans not recently graded will not be as strong as their last grading and an insufficient portion of the allowance will have been allocated to them. Grading and loan review often must be done without knowing whether all relevant facts are at hand. Troubled borrowers may deliberately or inadvertently omit important information from reports or conversations with lending officers regarding their financial condition and the diminished strength of repayment sources.

The second reason is that the loss estimation factors are based primarily on historical loss totals. As such, the factors may not give sufficient weight to such considerations as the current general economic and business conditions that affect the Company’s borrowers and specific industry conditions that affect borrowers in that industry. The factors might also not give sufficient weight to other environmental factors such as changing economic conditions and interest rates, portfolio growth, entrance into new markets or products, and other characteristics as may be determined by Management.

Specifically, in assessing how much environmental factor allowance needed to be provided, management considered the following:

liabilities.
with respect to the economy, management considered the effects of changes in GDP, unemployment, CPI, debt statistics, housing starts, home affordability, and other economic factors which serve as indicators of economic health and trends and which may have an impact on the performance of our borrowers, and

with respect to changes in the interest rate environment, management considered the recent changes in interest rates and the resultant economic impact it may have had on borrowers with high leverage and/or low profitability; and

with respect to changes in energy prices, management considered the effect that increases, decreases or volatility may have on the performance of our borrowers, and

with respect to loans to borrowers in new markets and growth in general, management considered the relatively short seasoning of such loans and the lack of experience with such borrowers, and

with respect to loans that have not yet been identified as impaired, management considered the volume and severity of past due loans, and

with respect to concentrations within the portfolio, management considered the risk introduced by concentrations among specific segments of the portfolio, underlying collateral types, borrowers or group of borrowers, and geographic areas.

Each of these considerations was assigned a factor and applied to a portion or the entire originated and PNCI loan portfolios. Since these factors are not derived from experience and are applied to largenon-homogeneous groups of loans, they are available for use across the portfolio as a whole.

Acquired loans are valued as of their acquisition date in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 805,Business Combinations. Loans purchased with evidence of credit deterioration since origination for which it is probable that all contractually required payments will not be collected are referred to as purchased credit impaired (PCI) loans. PCI loans are accounted for under FASB ASC Topic310-30,Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. In addition, because of the significant credit discounts associated with the loans acquired in the Granite acquisition, the Company elected to account for all loans acquired in the Granite acquisition under FASB ASC Topic310-30, and classify them all as PCI loans. Under FASB ASC Topic 805 and FASB ASC Topic310-30, PCI loans are recorded at fair value at acquisition date, factoring in credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the loan. Accordingly, an allowance for loan losses is not carried over or recorded as of the acquisition date. Fair value is defined as the present value of the future estimated principal and interest payments of the loan, with the discount rate used in the present value calculation representing the estimated effective yield of the loan. The difference between contractual future payments and estimated future payments is referred to as the nonaccretable difference. The difference between estimated future payments and the present value of the estimated future payments is referred to as the accretable yield. The accretable yield represents the amount that is expected to be recorded as interest income over the remaining life of the loan. If after acquisition, the Company determines that the future cash flows of a PCI loan are expected to be more than the originally estimated, an increase in the discount rate (effective yield) would be made such that the newly increased accretable yield would be recognized, on a level yield basis, over the remaining estimated life of the loan. If after acquisition, the Company determines that the future cash flows of a PCI loan are expected to be less than the previously estimated, the discount rate would first be reduced until the present value of the reduced cash flow estimate equals the previous present value however, the discount rate may not be lowered below its original level. If the discount rate has been lowered to its original level and the present value has not been sufficiently lowered, an allowance for

45


loan loss would be established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense to decrease the present value to the required level. If the estimated cash flows improve after an allowance has been established for a loan, the allowance may be partially or fully reversed depending on the improvement in the estimated cash flows. Only after the allowance has been fully reversed may the discount rate be increased. PCI loans are put on nonaccrual status when cash flows cannot be reasonably estimated. PCI loans are charged off when evidence suggests cash flows are not recoverable. Foreclosed assets from PCI loans are recorded in foreclosed assets at fair value with the fair value at time of foreclosure representing cash flow from the loan. ASC310-30 allows PCI loans with similar risk characteristics and acquisition time frame to be “pooled” and have their cash flows aggregated as if they were one loan.

The Components of the Allowance for LoanCredit Losses

The following table sets forth the Bank’s allowance for loancredit losses related to loans as of the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

   December 31, 
   2017  2016  2015  2014  2013 

Allowance for originated and PNCI loan losses:

      

Specific allowance

  $2,699  $2,046  $2,890  $4,267  $3,975 

Formula allowance

   17,100   17,485   20,603   22,076   24,611 

Environmental factors allowance

   10,252   10,275   9,625   6,815   5,619 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Allowance for originated and PNCI loan losses

   30,051   29,806   33,118   33,158   34,205 

Allowance for PCI loan losses

   272   2,697   2,893   3,427   4,040 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Allowance for loan losses

  $30,323  $32,503  $36,011  $36,585  $38,245 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Allowance for loan losses to loans

   1.01  1.18  1.43  1.60  2.29

December 31,
(dollars in thousands)20222021202020192018
Allowance for credit losses:
Qualitative and forecast factor allowance$70,777 $59,855 $61,935 $12,146 $11,577 
Quantitative (Cohort) model allowance reserves32,489 24,539 28,462 17,529 18,689 
Total allowance for credit losses103,266 84,394 90,397 29,675 30,266 
Allowance for individually evaluated loans2,414 982 1,450 935 2,194 
Allowance for PCI loan lossesn/an/an/a122 
Total allowance for credit losses$105,680 $85,376 $91,847 $30,616 $32,582 
Ratio of allowance for credit losses to gross loans1.64 %1.74 %1.93 %0.71 %0.81 %

Based on the current conditions of the loan portfolio, management believes that the $30,323,000$105,680,000 allowance for loancredit losses at December 31, 20172022 is adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in the Bank’s loan portfolio. No assurance can be given, however, that adverse economic conditions or other circumstances will not result in increased losses in the portfolio.

The credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, as measured by trends in the volume of past due loans, non-accrual loans, net loan charge-offs (recoveries) and risk grades, remained stable throughout the year. On a year over year basis, improved trends in the actual and forecasted levels of unemployment and GDP further contributed to the lower ratio of credit reserves as a percentage of total loans outstanding. One notable exception to the improved qualitative reserves was caused by the observed volatility and increase in corporate debt yields, signaling greater risk of default.

The allowance for credit losses increased by $20,304,000 during the year ended December 31, 2022 which is primarily reflective of the acquisition of VRB during March 2022, organic growth within the loan portfolio improvement in both the Company's qualitative and quantitative factors, and increase in reserve on individually analyzed loans. Ex-growth in loans outstanding, quantitative factors from the cohort model improved slightly during the year as a result of continued improvement in the Company's loss experience as a percentage of
40TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
total loans outstanding; 2) reductions in past due loans, and 3) avoidance of loan concentrations. However, specific reserves did increase by $1,432,000 as compared to the previous year end, but still remain at historically modest levels.
As compared to historical norms, inflation remains elevated from continued disruptions in the supply chain, wage pressures, and higher living costs such as housing and food prices Despite the expected continued benefit to the net interest income of the Company from the elevated rate environment, Management notes the rapid intervals of rate increases by the Federal Reserve and inversion of the yield curve, have boosted expectations of the US entering a recession within 12 months and has led to the lowest levels of consumer sentiment in decades. As a result, management continues to believe that certain credit weakness are likely present in the overall economy and that it is appropriate to cautiously maintain a reserve level that incorporates such risk factors.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the allowance for loancredit losses between loan types:

   December 31, 
(dollars in thousands)  2017   2016   2015   2014   2013 

Real estate mortgage

  $13,758   $14,292   $13,950   $12,313   $12,854 

Consumer

   8,227    10,284    15,079    18,201    18,238 

Commercial

   6,512    5,831    5,271    4,226    4,331 

Real estate construction

   1,826    2,096    1,711    1,845    2,822 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total allowance for loan losses

  $30,323   $32,503   $36,011   $36,585   $38,245 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

December 31,
(in thousands)20222021202020192018
Commercial real estate$61,381 $51,140 $53,693 $11,995 $12,944 
Consumer24,639 23,474 25,148 10,084 11,051 
Commercial and industrial13,597 3,862 4,252 4,867 5,610 
Construction5,142 5,667 7,540 3,388 2,497 
Agriculture production906 1,215 1,209 261 480 
Leases15 18 21 — 
Total allowance for credit losses$105,680 $85,376 $91,847 $30,616 $32,582 

The following table summarizes the allocation of the allowance for loancredit losses between loan types as a percentage of the total allowance for loancredit losses:

   December 31, 
   2017  2016  2015  2014  2013 

Real estate mortgage

   45.4  44.0  38.7  33.7  33.6

Consumer

   27.1  31.6  41.9  49.7  47.7

Commercial

   21.5  17.9  14.6  11.6  11.3

Real estate construction

   6.0  6.5  4.8  5.0  7.4
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total allowance for loan losses

   100.0  100.0  100.0  100.0  100.0
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

December 31,
20222021202020192018
Commercial real estate58.1 %59.9 %58.5 %39.2 %39.7 %
Consumer23.3 %27.5 %27.4 %32.9 %33.9 %
Commercial and industrial12.9 %4.5 %4.6 %15.9 %16.9 %
Construction4.9 %6.6 %8.2 %11.0 %7.7 %
Agriculture production0.9 %1.4 %1.3 %0.9 %1.8 %
Leases— %0.1 %— %0.1 %— %
Total allowance for credit losses100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %

The following table summarizes the allocation of the allowance for loancredit losses between loan types as a percentage of total loans and as a percentage of total loans in each of the loan categories listed:

   December 31, 
   2017  2016  2015  2014  2013 

Real estate mortgage

   0.60  0.69  0.77  0.76  1.16

Consumer

   2.31  2.84  3.81  4.36  4.76

Commercial

   2.95  2.69  2.70  2.42  3.28

Real estate construction

   1.33  1.71  1.42  2.46  5.75
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total allowance for loan losses

   1.01  1.18  1.43  1.60  2.29
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

46

December 31,
20222021202020192018
Commercial real estate1.41 %1.55 %1.82 %0.42 %0.49 %
Consumer1.99 %2.19 %2.62 %1.05 %1.18 %
Commercial and industrial2.39 %1.49 %0.81 %1.81 %2.24 %
Construction2.43 %2.55 %2.65 %1.36 %1.36 %
Agriculture production1.48 %2.39 %2.74 %1.82 %1.85 %
Leases0.19 %0.27 %0.13 %1.63 %— %
Total allowance for credit losses1.64 %1.74 %1.93 %0.71 %0.81 %

41TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

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The following tables summarize the net charge-off (recovery) activity in the allowance for credit/loan losses reserve for unfunded commitments, and allowance for losses (which is comprisedas a percentage of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded commitments)loans for the years indicated (dollars in thousands):

   Year ended December 31, 
   2017  2016  2015  2014  2013 

Allowance for loan losses:

      

Balance at beginning of period

  $32,503  $36,011  $36,585  $38,245  $42,648 

(Benefit from) provision for loan losses

   89   (5,970  (2,210  (4,045  (715

Loans charged off:

      

Real estate mortgage:

      

Residential

   (60  (321  (224  (171  (46

Commercial

   (186  (827  —     (110  (2,038

Consumer:

      

Home equity lines

   (98  (585  (694  (1,094  (2,651

Home equity loans

   (332  (219  (242  (29  (94

Auto indirect

   —     —     (4  (3  (68

Other consumer

   (1,186  (823  (972  (599  (887

Commercial

   (1,444  (455  (680  (479  (1,599

Construction:

      

Residential

   (1,104  —     —     (4  (20

Commercial

    —     —     (69  (140
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans charged off

   (4,410  (3,230  (2,816  (2,558  (7,543

Recoveries of previouslycharged-off loans:

      

Real estate mortgage:

      

Residential

   —     880   204   2   345 

Commercial

   397   920   243   540   994 

Consumer:

      

Home equity lines

   698   2,317   666   960   1,053 

Home equity loans

   242   590   252   34   41 

Auto indirect

   —     —     42   86   195 

Other consumer

   375   449   500   495   759 

Commercial

   428   404   677   1,268   340 

Construction:

      

Residential

   —     54   1,728   1,377   63 

Commercial

   1   78   140   181   65 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total recoveries of previously charged off loans

   2,141   5,692   4,452   4,943   3,855 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net (charge-offs) recoveries

   (2,269  2,462   1,636   2,385   (3,688
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at end of period

  $30,323  $32,503  $36,011  $36,585  $38,245 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2017  2016  2015  2014  2013 

Reserve for unfunded commitments:

      

Balance at beginning of period

  $2,719  $2,475  $2,145  $2,415  $3,615 

Provision for losses – unfunded commitments

   445   244   330   (270  (1,200
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at end of period

  $3,164  $2,719  $2,475  $2,145  $2,415 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at end of period:

      

Allowance for loan losses

  $30,323  $32,503  $36,011  $36,585  $38,245 

Reserve for unfunded commitments

   3,164   2,719   2,475   2,145   2,415 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Allowance for loan losses and reserve for unfunded commitments

  $33,487   35,222  $38,486  $38,730  $40,660 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

As a percentage of total loans at end of period:

      

Allowance for loan losses

   1.01  1.18  1.43  1.60  2.29

Reserve for unfunded commitments

   0.10  0.10  0.10  0.10  0.14
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Allowance for loan losses and reserve for unfunded commitments

   1.11  1.28  1.53  1.70  2.43
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Average total loans

  $2,842,659  $2,629,729  $2,389,437  $1,847,749  $1,610,725 

Ratios:

      

Net charge-offs during period to average loans outstanding during period

   0.08  (0.09)%   (0.07)%   (0.13)%   0.23

Provision for loan losses to average loans outstanding

   0.00  (0.21)%   (0.09)%   (0.22)%   (0.04)% 

Allowance for loan losses to loans at year end

   1.01  1.18  1.43  1.60  2.29

47


Year ended December 31,
Ratios:20222021202020192018
Net charge-offs (recoveries) during period to average loans outstanding during period
Commercial real estate:(0.01)%
CRE non-owner occupied— %— %0.01 %(0.09)%n/a
CRE owner occupied— %(0.11)%— %0.13 %n/a
Multifamily— %— %— %— %n/a
Farmland0.01 %0.07 %0.12 %— %n/a
Consumer:(0.01)%
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens— %0.02 %(0.08)%(0.01)%n/a
SFR HELOCs and junior liens— %0.33 %(0.06)%(0.26)%n/a
Other0.20 %0.32 %0.41 %0.54 %n/a
Commercial and industrial0.17 %0.28 %0.04 %0.64 %0.26 %
Construction— %0.01 %— %— %— %
Agriculture production— %(0.05)%(0.05)%(0.02)%(0.01)%
Leases— %— %— %— %— %
Provision for (benefit from) credit losses to average loans outstanding during period0.29 %(0.15)%0.92 %(0.04)%0.07 %
Allowance for credit losses to loans at year-end1.64 %1.74 %1.93 %0.71 %0.81 %

Generally, losses are triggered by non-performance by the borrower and calculated based on any difference between the current loan amount and the current value of the underlying collateral less any estimated costs associated with the disposition of the collateral.

Foreclosed Assets, Net of Allowance for Losses


The following tables detail the components and summarize the activity in foreclosed assets, net of allowances for losses for the years indicated (dollars in thousands):

(dollars in thousands):  

Balance at
December 31,

2017

   

New

NPA

   

Advances/
Capitalized

Costs

   Sales  Valuation
Adjustments
  Transfers
from Loans
   Category
Changes
   Balance at
December 31,
2016
 

Noncovered:

              

Land & Construction

  $1,786    —      —     $(15 $(92 $381    —     $1,512 

Residential real estate

   1,186    —      —      (1,071  (49  865    —      1,441 

Commercial real estate

   254    —      —      (852  (21  317    —      810 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total noncovered

   3,226    —      —      (1,938  (162  1,563    —      3,763 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Covered:

              

Land & Construction

   —      —      —      —     —     —      —      —   

Residential real estate

   —      —      —     $(223  —     —      —      223 

Commercial real estate

   —      —      —      —     —     —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total covered

   —          (223       223 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total foreclosed assets

  $3,226    —      —     $(2,161 $(162 $1,563    —     $3,986 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(dollars in thousands):  Balance at
December 31,
2016
   New
NPA
   Advances/
Capitalized
Costs
   Sales  Valuation
Adjustments
  Transfers
from Loans
   Category
Changes
   Balance at
December 31,
2015
 

Noncovered:

              

Land & Construction

  $1,512    —      —     $(979  —     —      —     $2,491 

Residential real estate

   1,441    —      —      (2,380 $(56 $2,090    —      1,787 

Commercial real estate

   810    —      —      (389  (84  192    —      1,091 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total noncovered

   3,763    —      —      (3,748  (140  2,282    —      5,369 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Covered:

              

Land & Construction

   —      —      —      —     —     —      —      —   

Residential real estate

   223    —      —      —     —     223    —      —   

Commercial real estate

   —      —      —      —     —     —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total covered

   223    —      —      —     —     223    —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total foreclosed assets

  $3,986    —      —     $(3,748 $(140 $2,505    —     $5,369 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment
Balance at
December 31,
2021
AdditionsAdvances/
Capitalized
Costs/Other
SalesValuation
Adjustments
Balance at
December 31,
2022
Land & Construction$154 $313 $— $(313)$— $154 
Residential real estate1,257 751 — (392)93 1,709 
Commercial real estate1,183 283 — — 110 1,576 
Total foreclosed assets$2,594 $1,347 $— $(705)$203 $3,439 

Balance at
December 31,
2020
AdditionsAdvances/
Capitalized
Costs/Other
SalesValuation
Adjustments
Balance at
December 31,
2021
Land & Construction$154 $— $— $— $— $154 
Residential real estate1,507 1,052 — (1,458)156 1,257 
Commercial real estate1,183 — — — — 1,183 
Total foreclosed assets$2,844 $1,052 $— $(1,458)$156 $2,594 
42TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
Deposit Portfolio Composition
The following table shows the Company’s deposit balances at the dates indicated:
Year ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)202220212020
Noninterest-bearing demand$3,502,095 $2,979,882 $2,581,517 
Interest-bearing demand1,718,541 1,568,682 1,414,908 
Savings2,884,378 2,520,959 2,164,942 
Time certificates, over $250,00046,350 44,652 73,147 
Other time certificates177,649 252,984 271,420 
Total deposits$8,329,013 $7,367,159 $6,505,934 
Total uninsured deposits were comprised of:

   December 31,
2017
   December 31,
2016
 
     
   (In thousands) 

Land & land improvements

  $9,959   $9,522 

Buildings

   50,340    42,345 

Furniture and equipment

   35,939    31,428 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   96,238    83,295 

Less: Accumulated depreciation

   (40,644   (37,412
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   55,594    45,883 

Construction in progress

   2,148    2,523 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total premises and equipment

  $57,742   $48,406 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

During the year endedestimated to be approximately $2,701,000,000 at December 31, 2017, premises and equipment increased $9,336,000 due to purchases of $15,164,000, that were partially offset by depreciation of $5,686,000 and disposals of premises and equipment with net book value of $142,000.

48


Intangible Assets

Intangible assets were comprised of the following:

   December 31, 
   2017   2016 
   (In thousands) 

Core-deposit intangible

  $5,174   $6,563 

Goodwill

   64,311    64,311 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total intangible assets

  $69,485   $70,874 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The core-deposit intangible assets resulted from the Company’s acquisition of three bank branches from Bank of America on March 18, 2016, North Valley Bancorp in 2014, Citizens in 2011, and Granite in 2010. The goodwill intangible asset includes $849,000 from the acquisition of three bank branches from Bank of America on March 18, 2016, $47,943,000 from the North Valley Bancorp acquisition in 2014, and $15,519,000 from the North State National Bank acquisition in 2003. Amortization of core deposit intangible assets amounting to $1,389,000, $1,377,000, and $1,157,000 was recorded in 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

Deposits

2022.

Long-Term Debt
See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements at Item 8 of this report for information about the Company’s deposits.

Long-Term Debt

See Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements at Item 8 of this report for information about the Company’s other borrowings includingand long-term debt.

Junior Subordinated Debt

See Note 1714 to the consolidated financial statements at Item 8 of this report for information about the Company’s junior subordinated debt.

Equity

See Note 1916 and Note 2926 in the consolidated financial statements at Item 8 of this report for a discussion of shareholders’ equity and regulatory capital, respectively. Management believes that the Company’s capital is adequate to support anticipated growth, meet the cash dividend requirements of the Company and meet the future risk-based capital requirements of the Bank and the Company.

On February 25, 2021 the Board of Directors approved the authorization to repurchase up to 2,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock (the 2021 Repurchase Plan), which approximated 6.7% of the shares outstanding as of the approval date. In connection with approval of the 2021 Repurchase Plan, the Company’s previous repurchase program adopted on November 12, 2019 (the 2019 Repurchase Plan) was terminated. The following table shows the repurchases made by the Company during 2022 under the 2021 Plan:
PeriodTotal number of
shares purchased
Average price
paid per share
Maximum number
of shares remaining that may
yet be purchased under
the 2021 Plan
January 1, 2022 - December 31, 2022576,881$41.671,359,802

Market Risk Management

Overview.The goal for managing the assets and liabilities of the Bank is to maximize shareholder value and earnings while maintaining a high quality balance sheet without exposing the Bank to undue interest rate risk. The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the Company’s interest rate risk management policies. The Bank has an Asset and Liability Management Committee (ALCO) which establishes and monitors guidelines to control the sensitivity of earnings toand the fair value of certain assets and liabilities as may be caused by changes in interest rates.

The Company does not hold any financial instruments that are not maintained in US dollars and is not party to any contracts that may be settled or repaid in a denomination other than US dollars.

Asset/Liability Management. Activities involved in asset/liability management include but are not limited to lending, accepting and placing deposits, investing in securities and issuing debt. Interest rate risk is the primary market risk associated with asset/liability management. Sensitivity of earnings to interest rate changes arises when yields on assets change in a different time period or in a different amount from that of interest costs on liabilities. To mitigate interest rate risk, the structure of the balance sheet is managed with the goal that movements of interest rates on assets and liabilities are correlated and contribute to earnings even in periods of volatile interest rates. The asset/liability management policy sets limits on the acceptable amount of variance in net interest margin and market value of equity under changing interest environments. Market value of equity is the net present value of estimated cash flows from the Bank’s assets, liabilities andoff-balance sheet items. The Bank uses simulation models to forecast net interest margin and market value of equity.

Simulation of net interest margin and market value of equity under various interest rate scenarios is the primary tool used to measure interest rate risk. The Bank estimated the potential impact of changing interest rates on net interest margin and market value of equity using computer modelingcomputer-modeling techniques. A balance sheet forecast is prepared using inputs of actual loan, securities and interest-bearing liability (i.e. deposits/borrowings) positions as the beginning base.

43TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
In the simulation of net interest income the forecast balance sheet is processed against various interest rate scenarios. These various interest rate scenarios include a flat rate scenario, which assumes interest rates are unchanged in the future, and rate ramp scenarios including-100, +100, and +200 basis points around the flat scenario. These ramp scenarios assume that interest rates increase or decrease evenly (in a “ramp” fashion) over a twelve-month period and remain at the new levels beyond twelve months.

49


The following table summarizes the estimated effect on net interest income and net income due to changing interest rates as measured against a flat rate (no interest rate change) scenario over the succeeding twelve month period. The simulation results shown below assume no changes in the structure of the Company’s balance sheet over the twelve months being measured (a “flat” balance sheet scenario), and that deposit rates will track general interest rate changes by approximately 50%:

Interest Rate Risk Simulation of Net Interest Income and Net Income as of December 31, 2017

Change in Interest

Rates (Basis Points)

Estimated Change in
Net Interest Income (NII)
(as % of “flat” NII)

+200 (ramp)

(1.91%)

+100 (ramp)

(0.92%)

+ 0 (flat)

-100 (ramp)

(1.81%)

In the simulation of market value of equity, the forecast balance sheet is processed against various interest rate scenarios. These various interest rate scenarios include a flat rate scenario, which assumes interest rates are unchanged in the future, and rate ramp and or shock scenarios including -300, -200, -100, +100, +200, and +200+300 basis points around the flat scenario. TheseAt December 31, 2022, the overnight Federal funds rate, the rate primarily used in these interest rate shock scenarios, was 4.25%. These scenarios assume that 1) interest rates increase or decrease immediatelyevenly (in a “shock”“ramp” fashion) over a twelve-month period and remain at the new levellevels beyond twelve months or 2) that interest rates change instantaneously (“shock”). The simulation results shown below assume no changes in the future.

structure of the Company’s balance sheet over the twelve months being measured.

The following table summarizes the estimated effect on net interest income and market value of equity due to changing interest rates as measured against a flat rate (no interest rate change) scenario:

Interest Rate Risk Simulationinstantaneous shock scenario over a twelve month period utilizing the Company's specific mix of Market Value of Equityinterest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities as of December 31, 2017

Change in Interest

Rates (Basis Points)

Estimated Change in
Market Value of Equity (MVE)
(as % of “flat” MVE)

+200 (shock)

(9.6%)

+100 (shock)

(3.2%)

+ 0 (flat)

-100 (shock)

(7.3%)

2022.

Interest Rate Risk Simulations:
Change in Interest
Rates (Basis Points)
Estimated Change in
Net Interest Income (NII)
(as % of NII)
Estimated
 Change in
 Market Value of Equity (MVE)
(as % of MVE)
+300 (shock)(2.5)%(4.1)%
+200 (shock)(1.7)%(2.4)%
+100 (shock)(0.7)%(0.3)%
+    0 (flat)— — 
-100 (shock)(2.2)%(3.9)%
-200 (shock)(6.5)%(12.9)%
-300 (shock)(9.9)%(26.1)%
These simulations indicate that given a “flat” balance sheet size scenario, and if interest-bearing checking, savings and time depositmoney market interest rates track the general interest rate changes by approximately 25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively,the rate shock values listed above, the Company’s balance sheet is slightly liability sensitive over a twelve month time horizon for both a rates up and slightly asset sensitive over a twelve month time horizon for rates down.down shock scenario. “Asset sensitive” implies that net interest income increases when interest rates rise and decrease when interest rates decrease. “Liability sensitive” implies that net interest income decreases when interest rates rise and increase when interest rates decrease. “Asset sensitive” implies that net interest income increases when interest rates rise and decrease when interest rates decrease. “Neutral“Neutral sensitivity” implies that net interest income does not change when interest rates change. The asset liability management policy limits aggregate market risk, as measured in this fashion, to an acceptable level within the context of risk-return trade-offs.

The simulation results noted above do not incorporate any management actions that might moderate the negative consequences of interest rate deviations. In addition, the simulation results noted above contain various assumptions such as a flat balance sheet, and the rate that deposit interest rates change instantaneously as general interest rates change. Therefore, they do not reflect likely actual results, but serve as estimates of interest rate risk.

More specifically, the Company's pre-existing low cost of funds, and the presumption that depositors will not accept a negative rate environment, does not allow management the ability to meaningfully adjust the cost of deposits below zero. In addition, many of the Company's loans and investment securities are considered fixed rate interest earning assets. Therefore, in an instantaneous upward rate shock scenario, management would expect the cost of interest bearing liabilities to reprice faster than interest earning assets.

As with any method of measuring interest rate risk, certain shortcomings are inherent in the method of analysis presented in the preceding tables. For example, although certain of the Company’s assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or repricing time frames, they may react in different degrees to changes in market interest rates. In addition, the interest rates on certain of the Company’s asset and liability categories may precede, or lag behind, changes in market interest rates. Also, the actual rates of prepayments on loans and investments could vary significantly from the assumptions utilized in deriving the results as presented in the preceding tables. Further, a change in U.S. Treasury rates accompanied by a change in the shape of the treasury yield curve could result in different estimations from those presented herein. Accordingly, the results in the preceding tables should not be relied upon as indicative of actual results in the event of changing market interest rates. Additionally, the resulting estimates of changes in market value of equity are not intended to represent, and should not be construed to represent, estimates of changes in the underlying value of the Company.

Interest rate sensitivity is a function of the repricing characteristics of the Company’s portfolio of assets and liabilities. One aspect of these repricing characteristics is the time frame within which the interest-bearing assets and liabilities are subject to change in interest rates either at replacement, repricing or maturity. An analysis of the repricing time frames of interest-bearing assets and liabilities is sometimes called a “gap” analysis because it shows the gap between assets and liabilities

50


repricing or maturing in each of a number of periods. Another aspect of these repricing characteristics is the relative magnitude of the repricing for each category of interest earning asset and interest-bearing liability given various changes in market interest rates. Gap analysis gives no indication of the relative magnitude of repricing given various changes in interest rates. Interest rate sensitivity management focuses on the maturity of assets and liabilities and their repricing during periods of changes in market interest rates. Interest rate sensitivity gaps are measured as the difference between the volumes of assets and liabilities in the Company’s current portfolio that are subject to repricing at various time horizons.

44TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
The following interest rate sensitivity table shows the Company’s repricing gaps as of December 31, 2017.2022. In this table transaction deposits, which may be repriced at will by the Company, have been included in the less than3-month category. The inclusion of all of the transaction deposits in the less than3-month repricing category causes the Company to appear liability sensitive. Because the Company may reprice its transaction deposits at will, transaction deposits may or may not reprice immediately with changes in interest rates.

Due to the limitations of gap analysis, as described above, the Company does not actively use gap analysis in managing interest rate risk. Instead, the Company relies on the more sophisticated interest rate risk simulation model described above as its primary tool in measuring and managing interest rate risk.

Interest Rate Sensitivity – December 31, 2017

(dollars in thousands)

  Repricing within: 
  Less than 3
months
  3 - 6
months
  6 - 12
months
  1 - 5
years
  Over
5 years
 

Interest-earning assets:

      

Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks

  $99,460   —     —     —     —   

Securities

   37,018  $36,051  $77,504  $476,587  $618,567 

Loans

   574,331   149,722   263,213   1,371,093   656,806 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total interest-earning assets

   710,809   185,773   340,717   1,847,680   1,275,373 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Interest-bearing liabilities

      

Transaction deposits

   2,335,978   —     —     —     —   

Time

   134,187   56,147   60,055   54,542   5 

Other borrowings

   122,166   —     —     —     —   

Junior subordinated debt

   56,858   —     —     —     —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total interest-bearing liabilities

  $2,649,188  $56,147  $60,055  $54,542   5 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Interest sensitivity gap

  $(1,938,379 $129,626  $280,662  $1,793,138  $1,275,368 

Cumulative sensitivity gap

  $(1,938,379 $(1,808,753 $(1,528,091 $265,047  $1,540,415 

As a percentage of earning assets:

      

Interest sensitivity gap

   (44.5%)   3.0  6.4  41.1  29.3

Cumulative sensitivity gap

   (44.5%)   (41.5%)   (35.1%)   6.0  35.3

As of December 31, 2022Repricing within:
(dollars in thousands)Less than 3
months
3 - 6 months6 - 12 months1 - 5 yearsOver 5 years
Interest-earning assets:
Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks$10,907 $— $— $— $— 
Securities493,948 74,824 148,098 772,025 1,127,097 
Loans1,226,279 320,707 626,504 3,206,718 937,043 
Total interest-earning assets1,731,134 395,531 774,602 3,978,743 2,064,140 
Interest-bearing liabilities
Transaction deposits5,220,636 — — — — 
Time68,913 42,059 53,919 59,892 
Other borrowings264,605 — — — — 
Junior subordinated debt101,040 — — — — 
Total interest-bearing liabilities$5,655,194 $42,059 $53,919 $59,892 $— 
Interest sensitivity gap$(3,924,060)$353,472 $720,683 $3,918,851 $2,064,140 
Cumulative sensitivity gap$(3,924,060)$(3,570,588)$(2,849,905)$1,068,946 $3,133,086 
As a percentage of earning assets:
Interest sensitivity gap(43.2)%3.9 %7.9 %43.2 %22.7 %
Cumulative sensitivity gap(43.2)%(39.3)%(31.4)%11.8 %34.5 %


Liquidity

Liquidity refers to the Company’s ability to provide funds at an acceptable cost to meet loan demand and deposit withdrawals, as well as contingency plans to meet unanticipated funding needs or loss of funding sources. These objectives can be met from either the asset or liability side of the balance sheet. Asset liquidity sources consist of the repayments and maturities of loans, selling of loans, short-term money market investments, maturities of securities and sales of securities from theavailable-for-sale portfolio. These activities are generally summarized as investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Net cash used by investing activities, excluding cash acquired from VRB, totaled $357,445,000$1,149,582,000 in 2017.2022. Net increases in investment and loan balances from both originations and purchases used $89,736,000 and $259,404,000approximately $761,357,000 of cash, respectively.

while purchases of investment securities, net of calls and maturities, used approximately $392,806,000 of cash.

Liquidity may also be generatedimpacted from liabilities through deposit growthchanges in deposits and borrowings.borrowings outstanding. These activities are included under financing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. In 2017,2022, financing activities providedused funds totaling $201,880,000 due to$100,862,000, resulting from a $113,571,000decline of $253,625,000 in deposits, $35,797,000 in dividend payments, and an additional $27,148,000 used toward the repurchase of common stock, partially offset by an increase in deposit balances, and a $104,673,000 increase in other borrowings. Dividends paid used $15,131,000 of cash during 2017. The Bank also had available correspondent banking lines of creditfrom short term borrowings totaling $20,000,000 at December 31, 2017.$214,518,000. In addition, at December 31, 20172022, the Company had loans and securities available to pledge towards future borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank and the Federal Reserve Bank of up to $1,260,596,000$2,485,905,000 and $134,660,000,$299,689,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2017,2022, the Company had $122,166,000$80,460,000 of other borrowings as described in Note 1613 of the consolidated financial statements of the Company and the related notes at Item 8 of this report. While these sources are expected to continue to provide significant amounts of funds in the future, their mix, as well as the possible use of other sources, will depend on future economic and market conditions. Liquidity is also provided or used through the results of operating activities. In 2017,2022, operating activities provided cash of $55,381,000.

$162,895,000 and primarily from net income of $125,419,000.

The Company’s investment securities, available for saleexcluding held-to-maturity securities, plus cash and cash equivalents in excess of reserve requirements totaled $854,243,000$2,559,668,000 at December 31, 2017,2022, which was 17.9%25.8% of total assets at that time. This was an increasea decrease of $76,581,000$416,691,000 from $777,662,000$2,976,359,000 and an increase from 17.2%34.5% of total assets as of December 31, 2016.

51


2021.

Loan demand during 20182023 will depend in part on economic and competitive conditions. The Company emphasizedemphasizes the solicitation ofnon-interest bearing demand deposits and money market checking deposits, which are the least sensitive to interest rates. The growth ofoutlook for deposit balances during 2023 is subject to actions from the Federal Reserve, heightened competition, the success of the Company’s sales
45TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
efforts, delivery of superior customer service and market conditions. In addition to the Federal Reserve interest rate manipulation efforts have resultedReserve's increase in historic low short-term and long-term interest rates, which could impact deposit volumes inquantitative tightening through reduction of the future.Federal balance sheet is expected to place downward pressure on deposits balances during 2023. Depending on economic conditions, interest rate levels, and a variety of other conditions, deposit growthproceeds from the sale or maturity of investment securities may be used to fund loans, toor reduce short-term borrowings or purchase investment securities.borrowings. However, due to concerns such as uncertainty in the general economic environment, competition and political uncertainty, loan demand and levels of customer deposits are not certain.

certain and forecasted changes in those balances are subject to significant volatility and uncertainty. At December 31, 2022, we believe the Company has sufficient liquidity and capital resources to meet its cash flow obligations over the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future.

The principal cash requirements of the Company are dividends on common stock when declared. The Company is dependent upon the payment of cash dividends by the Bank to service its commitments. Shareholder dividends are expected to continue subject to the Board’s discretion and continuing evaluation of capital levels, earnings, asset quality and other factors. The Company expects that the cash dividends paid by the Bank to the Company will be sufficient to meet this payment schedule. Dividends from the Bank are subject to certain regulatory restrictions.

The maturity distribution of certificates of deposit in denominations of $100,000 or more is set forth in the following table. These deposits are generally more rate sensitive than other deposits and, therefore, are more likely to be withdrawn to obtain higher yields elsewhere if available. The Bank participates in a program wherein the State of California places time deposits with the Bank at the Bank’s option. At December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Bank had $50,000,000, $50,000,000 and $50,000,000, respectively, of these State deposits.

Certificates of Deposit in Denominations of $100,000$250,000 or More

   Amounts as of December 31, 
(dollars in thousands)  2017   2016   2015 

Time remaining until maturity:

      

Less than 3 months

  $101,552   $116,791   $104,368 

3 months to 6 months

   28,832    31,984    31,327 

6 months to 12 months

   29,196    23,525    34,722 

More than 12 months

   29,144    26,850    26,747 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $188,724   $199,150   $197,164 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Amounts as of December 31,
(dollars in thousands)20222021
Time remaining until maturity:
Less than 3 months$7,653 $12,978 
3 months to 6 months8,284 6,741 
6 months to 12 months17,662 11,451 
More than 12 months12,751 13,482 
Total$46,350 $44,652 

46TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
Loan maturities
Loan demand also affects the Company’s liquidity position. The following table presents the maturities of loans, net of deferred loan costs, at December 31, 2017:

   Within
One Year
   After One
But Within
5 Years
   After 5
Years
   Total 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Loans with predetermined interest rates:

        

Real estate mortgage

  $26,831   $102,469   $707,234   $836,534 

Consumer

   4,063    26,645    82,480    113,188 

Commercial

   4,364    94,910    17,865    117,139 

Real estate construction

   8,665    1,875    15,025    25,565 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   43,923    225,899    822,604    1,092,426 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans with floating interest rates:

        

Real estate mortgage

   25,909    159,731    1,278,148    1,463,788 

Consumer

   2,090    1,190    240,406    243,686 

Commercial

   54,236    16,395    32,642    103,273 

Real estate construction

   20,147    4,647    87,198    111,992 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   102,382    181,963    1,638,394    1,922,739 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loans

  $146,305   $407,862   $2,460,998   $3,015,165 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

52


2022:
Within
One Year
After One
But Within
Five Years
After Five But Within 15 YearsAfter 15
Years
Total
(dollars in thousands)
Loans with predetermined interest rates:
  Commercial Real Estate$58,681 $415,410 $1,177,462 $21,758 $1,673,311 
  Consumer89,992 54,531 121,461 478,171 744,155 
  Commercial & Industrial57,689 168,275 53,708 8,048 287,720 
  Construction10,691 13,509 26,041 11,054 61,295 
  Agricultural Production177 8,553 10,265 — 18,995 
  Leases— 7,726 — — 7,726 
Total loans with predetermined interest rates217,230 668,004 1,388,937 519,031 2,793,202 
Loans with floating interest rates:
Commercial Real Estate86,848 513,917 2,023,972 61,035 2,685,772 
Consumer30,309 45,984 104,617 315,678 496,588 
Commercial & Industrial98,532 151,275 12,572 19,822 282,201 
Construction44,044 41,890 57,839 6,492 150,265 
Agricultural Production32,320 9,730 360 42,419 
Leases— — — — — 
Total loans with floating interest rates292,053 762,796 2,199,360 403,036 3,657,245 
Total loans$509,283 $1,430,800 $3,588,297 $922,067 $6,450,447 

Investment maturities
The maturity distribution and yields of the investment portfolio at December 31, 20172022 is presented in the following tables. The timing of the maturities indicated in the tables below is based on final contractual maturities. Most mortgage-backed securities return principal throughout their contractual lives. As such, the weighted average life of mortgage-backed securities based on outstanding principal balance is usually significantly shorter than the final contractual maturity indicated below. Yields on tax exempt securities are shown on a tax equivalent basis.

   Within
One Year
  After One Year
but Through
Five Years
  After Five Years
but Through Ten
Years
  After Ten
Years
  Total 
   Amount   Yield  Amount   Yield  Amount   Yield  Amount   Yield  Amount   Yield 
Securities Available for Sale  (dollars in thousands) 

Obligations of US government corporations and agencies

  $2    5.15 $11    6.24 $614    6.97 $604,162    2.55 $604,789    2.55

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

   —      —     200    6.72  1,667    5.63  121,289    4.96  123,156    4.97

Marketable equity securities

   —      —     —      —     —      —     2,938    —     2,938    —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total securities available for sale

  $2    5.15 $211    6.70 $2,281    5.97 $728,389    2.93 $730,883    2.94
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

   Within
One Year
   After One Year
but Through
Five Years
  After Five Years
but Through Ten
Years
  After Ten
Years
  Total 
   Amount   Yield   Amount   Yield  Amount   Yield  Amount   Yield  Amount   Yield 
Securities Held to Maturity  

(dollars in thousands)

 

Obligations of US government corporations and agencies

   —      —      —      —    $12,326    2.31 $487,945    2.68 $501,271    2.68

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

   —      —     $1,207    4.13 $1,685    5.26  11,681    4.10  14,573    4.24
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total securities held to maturity

   —      —     $1,207    4.13 $14,011    2.66 $499,626    2.72 $514,844    2.72
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Within
One Year
After One Year
but Through
Five Years
After Five Years
but Through Ten
Years
After Ten
Years
Total
AmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYield
(dollars in thousands)
Debt Securities Available for Sale
Obligations of US government agencies$55,851 0.40 %$69,863 0.72 %$83,555 2.57 %$1,163,500 2.16 %$1,372,769 2.04 %
Obligations of states and political subdivisions260 2.64 %2,504 3.51 %70,490 3.09 %219,951 3.34 %293,205 3.28 %
Corporate bonds— — %— — %5,751 4.95 %— — %5,751 4.95 %
Asset backed securities— — %6,397 3.08 %227,870 5.34 %205,500 4.83 %439,767 5.07 %
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations— — %41,352 4.66 %7,796 2.20 %291,798 2.49 %340,946 2.74 %
Total debt securities available for sale$56,111 0.46 %$120,116 2.21 %$395,462 4.25 %$1,880,749 2.62 %$2,452,438 2.81 %
Debt Securities Held to Maturity
Obligations of US government agencies$— — %$2,662 2.32 %$10,206 2.40 %$141,962 2.72 %$154,830 2.69 %
Obligations of states and political subdivisions— — %1,068 4.55 %4,515 3.07 %570 3.76 %6,153 3.39 %
Total debt securities held to maturity$— — %$3,730 2.96 %$14,721 2.60 %$142,532 2.73 %$160,983 2.72 %


47TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Off-Balance Sheet Items

The Bank has certain ongoing commitments under operating and capital leases. See Note 1811 of the financial statements at Item 8 of this report for the terms. These commitments do not significantly impact operating results. As of December 31, 20172022, commitments to extend credit and commitments related to the Bank’s deposit overdraft privilege product were the Bank’s only financial instruments withoff-balance sheet risk. The Bank has not entered into any material contracts for financial derivative instruments such as futures, swaps, options, etc. Commitments to extend credit were $946,617,000,$2,215,159,000 and $780,037,000$1,607,939,000 at December 31, 20172022 and 2016,2021, respectively, and represent 31.40%34.3% of the total loans outstanding atyear-end 2017 2022 versus 28.3%32.7% at December 31, 2016.2021. Commitments related to the Bank’s deposit overdraft privilege product totaled $98,260,000$126,634,000 and $98,583,000$125,670,000 at December 31, 20172022 and 2016,2021, respectively.

53


Certain Contractual Obligations

The following chart summarizes certain contractual obligations of the Company as of December 31, 2017:

(dollars in thousands)  Total   Less than
one year
   1-3
years
   3-5
years
   More than
5 years
 

Time deposits

  $304,936   $250,277   $41,276   $13,377   $6 

FHLB collateralized borrowing, fixed rate of 1.38% payable on January 2, 2018

   104,729    104,729    —      —      —   

Other collateralized borrowings, fixed rate of 0.05% payable on January 2, 2018

   17,437    17,437    —      —      —   

Junior subordinated:

          

TriCo Trust I(1)

   20,619    —      —      —      20,619 

TriCo Trust II(2)

   20,619    —      —      —      20,619 

North Valley Trust II(3)

   6,186    —      —      —      6,186 

North Valley Trust III(4)

   5,155    —      —      —      5,155 

North Valley Trust IV(5)

   10,310    —      —      —      10,310 

Operating lease obligations

   10,667    3,278    4,346    2,245    798 

Deferred compensation(6)

   3,857    839    1,454    867    697 

Supplemental retirement plans(6)

   7,320    1,107    1,636    1,161    3,416 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total contractual obligations

  $511,835   $377,667   $48,712   $17,650   $67,806 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)Junior subordinated debt, adjustable rate of three-month LIBOR plus 3.05%, callable in whole or in part by the Company on a quarterly basis beginning October 7, 2008, matures October 7, 2033.
(2)Junior subordinated debt, adjustable rate of three-month LIBOR plus 2.55%, callable in whole or in part by the Company on a quarterly basis beginning July 23, 2009, matures July 23, 2034.
(3)Junior subordinated debt, adjustable rate of three-month LIBOR plus 3.25%, callable in whole or in part by the Company on a quarterly basis beginning April 24, 2008, matures April 24, 2033.
(4)Junior subordinated debt, adjustable rate of three-month LIBOR plus 2.80%, callable in whole or in part by the Company on a quarterly basis beginning July 23, 2009, matures July 23, 2034.
(5)Junior subordinated debt, adjustable rate of three-month LIBOR plus 1.33%, callable in whole or in part by the Company on a quarterly basis beginning March 15, 2011, matures March 15, 2036.
(6)These amounts represent known certain payments to participants under the Company’s deferred compensation and supplemental retirement plans. See Note 25 in the financial statements at Item 8 of this report for additional information related to the Company’s deferred compensation and supplemental retirement plan liabilities.

2022:
(dollars in thousands)TotalLess than
one year
1-3
years
3-5
years
More than
5 years
Time deposits$223,999 $164,107 $57,736 $2,156 $— 
Other collateralized borrowings, fixed rate, as of December 31, 2022 of 0.05%, payable on January 3, 202347,905 47,905— — — 
Overnight borrowing at FHLB, fixed rate, as of December 31, 2022 of 4.65%, payable on January 3, 2023216,700 216,700— — — 
Junior subordinated debt:
TriCo Trust I(1)20,619 — — — 20,619 
TriCo Trust II(2)20,619 — — — 20,619 
North Valley Trust II(3)5,503 — — — 5,503 
North Valley Trust III(4)4,383 — — — 4,383 
North Valley Trust IV(5)7,393 — — — 7,393 
 VRB Subordinated - 6%(6)17,187 — — — 17,187 
 VRB Subordinated - 5%(7)25,336 — — — 25,336 
Operating lease obligations33,262 5,522 13,863 7,342 6,535 
Deferred compensation(8)697 177 348 172 — 
Supplemental retirement plans(8)22,455 2,073 4,253 3,616 12,513 
Total contractual obligations$646,058 $436,484 $76,200 $13,286 $120,088 

(1)Junior subordinated debt, adjustable rate of three-month LIBOR plus 3.05%, callable in whole or in part by the Company on a quarterly basis beginning October 7, 2008, matures October 7, 2033.
(2)Junior subordinated debt, adjustable rate of three-month LIBOR plus 2.55%, callable in whole or in part by the Company on a quarterly basis beginning July 23, 2009, matures July 23, 2034.
(3)Junior subordinated debt, adjustable rate of three-month LIBOR plus 3.25%, callable in whole or in part by the Company on a quarterly basis beginning April 24, 2008, matures April 24, 2033.
(4)Junior subordinated debt, adjustable rate of three-month LIBOR plus 2.80%, callable in whole or in part by the Company on a quarterly basis beginning July 23, 2009, matures July 23, 2034.
(5)Junior subordinated debt, adjustable rate of three-month LIBOR plus 1.33%, callable in whole or in part by the Company on a quarterly basis beginning March 15, 2011, matures March 15, 2036.
(6)Junior subordinated debt, fixed rate of 6% until March 29, 2024, then floating rate of three-month LIBOR plus 3.52% until maturity in 2029. Redeemable in whole or in part by the Company beginning March 29, 2024.
(7)Junior subordinated debt, fixed rate of 5% until August 27, 2025, then floating rate of 90-day average SOFR plus 4.90% until maturity in 2035. Redeemable in whole or in part by the Company beginning August 27, 2025.
(8)These amounts represent known certain payments to participants under the Company’s deferred compensation and supplemental retirement plans. See Note 22 in the financial statements at Item 8 of this report for additional information related to the Company’s deferred compensation and supplemental retirement plan liabilities.
ITEM 7A.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

See “Market Risk Management” under Item 7 of this report which is incorporated herein.

48TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
ITEM 8.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Page

55

56

56

57

58

59
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm(Moss Adams LLP, Sacramento, California, PCAOB ID: 659)

54


49TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
TRICO BANCSHARES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

   At December 31, 
   2017  2016 
   (in thousands, except share data) 

Assets:

   

Cash and due from banks

  $105,968  $92,197 

Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks

   99,460   213,415 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

   205,428   305,612 

Investment securities:

   

Available for sale

   730,883   550,233 

Held to maturity

   514,844   602,536 

Restricted equity securities

   16,956   16,956 

Loans held for sale

   4,616   2,998 

Loans

   3,015,165   2,759,593 

Allowance for loan losses

   (30,323  (32,503
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans, net

   2,984,842   2,727,090 

Foreclosed assets, net

   3,226   3,986 

Premises and equipment, net

   57,742   48,406 

Cash value of life insurance

   97,783   95,912 

Accrued interest receivable

   13,772   12,027 

Goodwill

   64,311   64,311 

Other intangible assets, net

   5,174   6,563 

Mortgage servicing rights

   6,687   6,595 

Other assets

   55,051   74,743 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total assets

  $4,761,315  $4,517,968 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity:

   

Liabilities:

   

Deposits:

   

Noninterest-bearing demand

  $1,368,218  $1,275,745 

Interest-bearing

   2,640,913   2,619,815 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total deposits

   4,009,131   3,895,560 

Accrued interest payable

   930   818 

Reserve for unfunded commitments

   3,164   2,719 

Other liabilities

   63,258   67,364 

Other borrowings

   122,166   17,493 

Junior subordinated debt

   56,858   56,667 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   4,255,507   4,040,621 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 18)

   

Shareholders’ equity:

   

Common stock, no par value: 50,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding:

   

22,955,963 at December 31, 2017

   255,836  

22,867,802 at December 31, 2016

    252,820 

Retained earnings

   255,200   232,440 

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax

   (5,228  (7,913
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total shareholders’ equity

   505,808   477,347 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

  $4,761,315  $4,517,968 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(In thousands, except share data)
At December 31,
2022
At December 31,
2021
Assets:
Cash and due from banks$96,323 $57,032 
Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks10,907 711,389 
Cash and cash equivalents107,230 768,421 
Investment securities:
Marketable equity securities2,598 2,938 
Available for sale debt securities2,452,438 2,207,938 
Held to maturity debt securities160,983 199,759 
Restricted equity securities17,250 17,250 
Loans held for sale1,846 3,466 
Loans6,450,447 4,916,624 
Allowance for credit losses(105,680)(85,376)
Total loans, net6,344,767 4,831,248 
Premises and equipment, net72,327 78,687 
Cash value of life insurance133,742 117,857 
Accrued interest receivable31,856 19,292 
Goodwill304,442 220,872 
Other intangible assets, net16,670 12,369 
Operating leases, right-of-use26,862 25,665 
Other assets257,975 109,025 
Total assets$9,930,986 $8,614,787 
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity:
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand$3,502,095 $2,979,882 
Interest-bearing4,826,918 4,387,277 
Total deposits8,329,013 7,367,159 
Accrued interest payable1,167 928 
Operating lease liability29,004 26,280 
Other liabilities159,741 112,070 
Other borrowings264,605 50,087 
Junior subordinated debt101,040 58,079 
Total liabilities8,884,570 7,614,603 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, no par value: 1,000,000 shares authorized; zero issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively— — 
Common stock, no par value: 50,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding: 33,331,513 and 29,730,424 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively697,448 532,244 
Retained earnings542,873 466,959 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(193,905)981 
Total shareholders’ equity1,046,416 1,000,184 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$9,930,986 $8,614,787 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TRICO BANCSHARES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

   Years ended December 31, 
   2017   2016  2015 
   (in thousands, except per share data) 

Interest and dividend income:

     

Loans, including fees

  $146,794   $141,086  $131,836 

Debt securities:

     

Taxable

   27,772    25,397   25,303 

Tax exempt

   4,165    3,881   1,509 

Dividends

   1,324    2,181   2,118 

Interest bearing cash at

     

Federal Reserve and other banks

   1,347    1,163   648 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total interest and dividend income

   181,402    173,708   161,414 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Interest expense:

     

Deposits

   3,958    3,483   3,434 

Other borrowings

   305    9   4 

Junior subordinated debt

   2,535    2,229   1,978 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total interest expense

   6,798    5,721   5,416 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income

   174,604    167,987   155,998 

Provision (benefit from reversal of provision previously provided) for loan losses

   89    (5,970  (2,210
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income after provision for loan losses

   174,515    173,957   158,208 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Noninterest income:

     

Service charges and fees

   37,423    33,226   32,080 

Gain on sale of loans

   3,109    4,037   3,064 

Commissions on sale ofnon-deposit investment products

   2,729    2,329   3,349 

Increase in cash value of life insurance

   2,685    2,717   2,786 

Other

   4,075    2,254   4,068 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total noninterest income

   50,021    44,563   45,347 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Noninterest expense:

     

Salaries and related benefits

   82,930    80,724   71,405 

Other

   64,094    65,273   59,436 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total noninterest expense

   147,024    145,997   130,841 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

   77,512    72,523   72,714 

Provision for income taxes

   36,958    27,712   28,896 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income

  $40,554   $44,811  $43,818 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Earnings per share:

     

Basic

  $1.77   $1.96  $1.93 

Diluted

  $1.74   $1.94  $1.91 

(In thousands, except per share data)
Year ended December 31,
202220212020
Interest and dividend income:
Loans, including fees$285,375 $242,269 $233,721 
Investments:
Taxable securities59,395 29,361 27,627 
Tax exempt securities5,199 3,568 3,566 
Dividends1,137 991 1,032 
Interest bearing cash at Federal Reserve and other banks4,399 858 1,238 
Total interest and dividend income355,505 277,047 267,184 
Interest expense:
Deposits4,689 3,318 6,885 
Other borrowings421 22 17 
Junior subordinated debt4,419 2,168 2,555 
Total interest expense9,529 5,508 9,457 
Net interest income345,976 271,539 257,727 
Provision for (benefit from) credit losses18,470 (6,775)42,813 
Net interest income after provision for (benefit from) credit losses327,506 278,314 214,914 
Noninterest income:
Service charges and fees49,765 43,948 37,981 
Commissions on sale of non-deposit investment products3,986 3,668 2,989 
Increase in cash value of life insurance2,858 2,775 2,949 
Gain on sale of loans2,342 9,580 9,122 
Gain on sale of investment securities— — 
Other4,095 3,693 2,146 
Total noninterest income63,046 63,664 55,194 
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and related benefits129,852 106,351 112,121 
Other86,793 71,924 70,637 
Total noninterest expense216,645 178,275 182,758 
Income before income taxes173,907 163,703 87,350 
Provision for income taxes48,488 46,048 22,536 
Net income$125,419 $117,655 $64,814 
Earnings per share:
Basic$3.85 $3.96 $2.17 
Diluted$3.83 $3.94 $2.16 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands)
Year ended
202220212020
Net income$125,419 $117,655 $64,814 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities arising during the period, after reclassifications(204,376)(13,788)11,126 
Change in minimum pension liability, after reclassifications8,101 2,602 6,972 
Change in joint beneficiary agreement liability1,389 (113)(596)
Other comprehensive income (loss)(194,886)(11,299)17,502 
Comprehensive income (loss)$(69,467)$106,356 $82,316 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

51TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

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TRICO BANCSHARES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

   Years ended December 31, 
   2017  2016  2015 
   (in thousands, except per share data) 

Net income

  $40,554  $44,811  $43,818 

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:

    

Unrealized holding gain (losses) on securities arising during the period

   3,165   (6,384  (1,098

Change in minimum pension liability

   (370  592   1,246 

Change in joint beneficiary agreement liability

   (110  (343  277 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income (loss)

   2,685   (6,135  425 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Comprehensive income

  $43,239  $38,676  $44,243 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Shares of
Common
Stock
Common
Stock
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (loss)
Total
Balance at January 1, 202030,523,824 $543,998 $354,811 $(5,222)$893,587 
Net income64,814 64,814 
Other comprehensive income17,502 17,502 
Service condition RSU vesting1,390 1,390 
Market plus service condition RSU vesting646 646 
Stock options exercised32,000 547 547 
Service condition RSUs released34,388 — 
Market plus service condition RSUs released20,265 — — 
Repurchase of common stock(883,263)(15,746)(11,323)(27,069)
Dividends paid ($0.88 per share)(26,303)(26,303)
Balance at December 31, 202029,727,214 530,835 381,999 12,280 925,114 
Net income117,655 117,655 
Other comprehensive loss(11,299)(11,299)
Service condition RSU vesting1,728 1,728 
Market plus service condition RSU vesting910 910 
Stock options exercised49,675 758 758 
Service condition RSUs released45,492 — 
Market plus service condition RSUs released19,272 — 
Repurchase of common stock(111,229)(1,987)(2,971)(4,958)
Dividends paid ($1.00 per share)(29,724)(29,724)
Balance at December 31, 202129,730,424 532,244 466,959 981 1,000,184 
Net income125,419 125,419 
Other comprehensive loss(194,886)(194,886)
Service condition RSU vesting2,883 2,883 
Market plus service condition RSU vesting986 986 
Service condition RSUs released50,076 — 
Market plus service condition RSUs released26,338 — 
Stock options exercised63,325 1,190 1,190 
Issuance of common stock4,105,518 173,585 173,585 
Repurchase of common stock(644,168)(13,440)(13,708)(27,148)
Dividends paid ($1.20 per share)(35,797)(35,797)
Balance at December 31, 202233,331,513 $697,448 $542,873 $(193,905)$1,046,416 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TRICO BANCSHARES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

   Shares of
Common
Stock
  Common
Stock
  Retained
Earnings
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
  Total 
   

(in thousands, except share data)

 

Balance at December 31, 2014

   22,714,964  $244,318  $176,057  $(2,203 $418,172 

Net income

     43,818    43,818 

Other comprehensive income

      425   425 

Stock option vesting

    734     734 

RSU vesting

    457     457 

PSU vesting

    179     179 

Stock options exercised

   154,500   3,116     3,116 

Tax effect of stock options exercised

    (83    (83

RSUs released

   12,064     

Tax benefit from release of RSUs

    15     15 

Repurchase of common stock

   (106,355  (1,149  (1,719   (2,868

Dividends paid ($0.52 per share)

     (11,849   (11,849
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2015

   22,775,173  $247,587  $206,307  $(1,778 $452,116 

Net income

     44,811    44,811 

Other comprehensive loss

      (6,135  (6,135

Stock option vesting

    580     580 

RSU vesting

    616     616 

PSU vesting

    271     271 

Stock options exercised

   336,900   6,506     6,506 

Tax effect of stock options exercised

    154     154 

RSUs released

   20,529     

Tax benefit from release of RSUs

    1     1 

Repurchase of common stock

   (264,800  (2,895  (4,983   (7,878

Dividends paid ($0.60 per share)

     (13,695   (13,695
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2016

   22,867,802  $252,820  $232,440  $(7,913 $477,347 

Net income

     40,554    40,554 

Other comprehensive income

      2,685   2,685 

Stock option vesting

    259     259 

RSU vesting

    895     895 

PSU vesting

    432     432 

Stock options exercised

   145,850   2,621     2,621 

RSUs released

   30,896     

PSUs released

   18,805     

Repurchase of common stock

   (107,390  (1,191  (2,663   (3,854

Dividends paid ($0.66 per share)

     (15,131   (15,131
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2017

   22,955,963  $255,836  $255,200  $(5,228 $505,808 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)
Year ended December 31,
202220212020
Operating activities:
Net income$125,419 $117,655 $64,814 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation of premises and equipment, and amortization6,012 6,363 6,453 
Amortization of intangible assets6,334 5,464 5,724 
Provision for (benefit from) credit losses18,470 (6,775)42,813 
Amortization of investment securities premium, net6,641 6,685 2,669 
Gain on sale of investment securities— — (7)
Originations of loans for resale(71,600)(217,210)(227,831)
Proceeds from sale of loans originated for resale74,922 227,938 234,424 
Gain on sale of loans(2,342)(9,580)(9,122)
Change in market value of mortgage servicing rights(301)872 2,634 
(Gain) loss on sale of real estate owned real estate owned(166)— 128 
Deferred income tax expense(8,022)(936)(14,154)
Gain on transfer of loans to real estate owned(316)(233)(235)
Operating lease payments(5,904)(4,964)(4,927)
(Gain) loss on disposal of fixed assets(1,070)(439)67 
Increase in cash value of life insurance(2,858)(2,775)(2,949)
Gain on life insurance death benefit(309)(702)(498)
(Gain) loss on marketable equity securities340 86 (64)
Equity compensation vesting expense3,869 2,638 2,036 
Change in value of other real estate113 — 
Change in:
Interest receivable(9,170)712 (1,107)
Interest payable(287)(434)(1,045)
Amortization of operating lease right of use asset6,033 5,452 5,393 
Other assets and liabilities, net17,087 2,381 9,586 
Net cash from operating activities162,895 132,207 114,802 
Investing activities:
Cash acquired in acquisition; net of consideration paid426,883 — — 
Proceeds from maturities of securities available for sale267,830 371,632 167,515 
Proceeds from maturities of securities held to maturity38,399 83,929 89,858 
Proceeds from sale of available for sale securities— — 229 
Purchases of securities available for sale(699,035)(1,190,690)(617,552)
Net redemption of restricted equity securities— — — 
Loan origination and principal collections, net(739,037)(45,812)(415,415)
Loans purchased(22,845)(108,433)(41,126)
Proceeds from sale of real estate owned873 1,526 570 
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment6,690 2,743 — 
Purchases of premises and equipment(3,623)(3,196)(2,812)
Life insurance proceeds641 4,490 2,400 
Net cash from investing activities(723,224)(883,811)(816,333)
Financing activities:
Net change in deposits(253,625)861,225 1,138,940 
Net change in other borrowings214,518 23,173 8,460 
Repurchase of common stock, net(27,148)(4,344)(26,720)
Dividends paid(35,797)(29,724)(26,303)
Exercise of stock options, net1,190 144 198 
Net cash from financing activities(100,862)850,474 1,094,575 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents(661,191)98,870 393,044 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year768,421 669,551 276,507 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year$107,230 $768,421 $669,551 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow activity:
Cash paid for interest expense$9,290 $5,942 $10,502 
Cash paid for income taxes$41,000 $46,300 $29,500 
Supplemental disclosure of noncash activities:
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale$(290,157)$(19,575)$15,796 
Loans transferred to foreclosed assets$1,349 $1,052 $766 
Market value of shares tendered in-lieu of cash to pay for exercise of options and/or related taxes$2,522 $2,118 $736 
Obligations incurred in conjunction with leased assets$6,149 $2,883 $4,161 
Business combination (1)
(1) In the year ended 2022, the VRB acquisition included fair value tangible assets acquired of $1.37 billion, liabilities assumed of $1.28 billion, resulting in goodwill of $0.09 billion.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

57

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TRICO BANCSHARES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

   Years Ended December 31, 
   2017  2016  2015 
   (in thousands) 

Operating activities:

    

Net income

  $40,554  $44,811  $43,818 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

    

Depreciation of premises and equipment, and amortization

   6,787   6,474   5,906 

Amortization of intangible assets

   1,389   1,377   1,157 

Provision for (benefit from reversal of) loan losses

   89   (5,970  (2,210

Amortization of investment securities premium, net

   3,200   4,926   3,458 

Gain on sale of investment securities

   (961  —     —   

Originations of loans for resale

   (114,107  (142,619  (111,640

Proceeds from sale of loans originated for resale

   114,788   144,062   115,469 

Gain on sale of loans

   (3,109  (4,037  (3,064

Change in market value of mortgage servicing rights

   718   2,184   701 

Provision for losses on foreclosed assets

   162   140   502 

Gain on sale of foreclosed assets

   (711  (262  (991

Provision for losses on fixed assets

   —     782   —   

Loss on disposal of fixed assets

   142   147   129 

Gain on sale of premises held for sale

   (3  —     —   

Increase in cash value of life insurance

   (2,685  (2,717  (2,786

Gain on life insurance death benefit

   (108  (238  (155

Equity compensation vesting expense

   1,586   1,467   1,370 

Equity compensation tax effect

   —     (155  68 

Deferred income tax expense

   12,473   3,190   681 

Change in:

    

Reserve for unfunded commitments

   445   244   330 

Interest receivable

   (1,745  (1,241  (1,511

Interest payable

   112   44   (204

Other assets and liabilities, net

   (3,635  (4,383  3,789 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash from operating activities

   55,381   48,226   54,817 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Investing activities:

    

Proceeds from maturities of securities available for sale

   63,942   71,684   33,552 

Proceeds from sale of securities available for sale

   25,757   —     2 

Purchases of securities available for sale

   (265,806  (247,717  (341,303

Proceeds from maturities of securities held to maturity

   86,371   121,666   93,784 

Purchases of securities held to maturity

   —     —     (146,100

Loan origination and principal collections, net

   (247,837  (251,479  (244,018

Loans purchased

   (11,567  (22,503  —   

Proceeds from sale of loans other than loans originated for resale

   —     37,880   —   

Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment

   —     1,682   8 

Improvement of foreclosed assets

   —     —     (195

Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned

   2,872   4,010   5,449 

Proceeds from the sale of premises held for sale

   3,338   —     —   

Purchases of premises and equipment

   (15,164  (10,930  (5,489

Life insurance proceeds

   649   —     —   

Cash received from acquisition, net

   —     156,316   —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash used by investing activities

   (357,445  (139,391  (604,310
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Financing activities:

    

Net increase in deposits

   113,571   103,063   250,843 

Net change in other borrowings

   104,673   5,165   3,052 

Equity compensation tax effect

   —     155   (68

Repurchase of common stock

   (1,629  (1,890  (412

Dividends paid

   (15,131  (13,695  (11,849

Exercise of stock options

   396   518   660 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash from financing activities

   201,880   93,316   242,226 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net change in cash and cash equivalents

   (100,184  2,151   (307,267
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents and beginning of year

   305,612   303,461   610,728 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

  $205,428  $305,612  $303,461 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosure of noncash activities:

    

Unrealized loss on securities available for sale

  $5,461  $(11,015 $(1,895

Loans transferred to foreclosed assets

   1,563   2,505   5,240 

Due to broker

   —     —     17,072 

Market value of shares tenderedin-lieu of cash to pay for exercise of options and/or related taxes

   2,225   5,988   2,868 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow activity:

    

Cash paid for interest expense

   5,609   5,677   5,620 

Cash paid for income taxes

   21,170   27,575   24,315 

Assets acquired in acquisition

   —     161,231   —   

Liabilities assumed in acquisition

   —     161,231   —   

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

58


TRICO BANCSHARES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2017, 20162022, 2021 and 2015

2020

Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

TriCo Bancshares (the “Company” or “we”) is a California corporation organized to act as a bank holding company for Tri Counties Bank (the “Bank”). The Company and the Bank are headquartered in Chico, California. The Bank is a California-chartered bank that is engaged in the general commercial and retail banking business in 2632 California counties. The Bank operates from 57 traditional branches, 9in-store branches and 2 loan production offices. The Company has five capital subsidiary business trusts (collectively, the “Capital Trusts”) that issued trust preferred securities, including two organized by TriCothe Company and three acquired with the acquisition of North Valley Bancorp. See Note 17 – Junior Subordinated Debt.

obtained through acquisition.

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting policies generally accepted in the United States of America and general practices in the banking industry. All adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements have been included and are of a normal and recurring nature. The financial statements include the accounts of the Company. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. For financial reporting purposes, the Company’s investments in the Capital Trusts of $1,721,000$1,757,000 are accounted for under the equity method and, accordingly, are not consolidated and are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet.sheets. The subordinated debentures issued and guaranteed by the Company and held by the Capital Trusts are reflected as debt on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

sheets.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Segment and Significant Group Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company grants agribusiness, commercial, consumer, and residential loans to customers located throughout the northern San Joaquin Valley, the Sacramento Valley and northern mountain regions of California. The Company has a diversified loan portfolio within the business segments located in this geographical area. Management has determinedThe Company currently classifies all its operation into one business segment that because allit denotes as community banking.
Geographical Descriptions
For the purpose of describing the geographical location of the banking products and services offered byCompany’s operations, the Company are available in each branchhas defined northern California as that area of California north of, and including, Stockton to the east and San Jose to the west; central California as that area of the Bank, all branchesstate south of Stockton and San Jose, to and including, Bakersfield to the east and San Luis Obispo to the west; and southern California as that area of the state south of Bakersfield and San Luis Obispo.
Business Combinations
The Company accounts for acquisitions of businesses using the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method, assets acquired and liabilities assumed are located withinrecorded at their estimated fair values at the same economic environmentdate of acquisition. Management utilizes various valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analyses to determine these fair values. Any excess of the purchase price over amounts allocated to the acquired assets, including identifiable intangible assets, and management does not allocate resources based on the performance of different lending or transaction activities, itliabilities assumed is appropriate to aggregate the Bank branches and report themrecorded as a single operating segment.

goodwill.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks, and federal funds sold. Net cash flows are reported for loan and deposit transactions and other borrowings.

Investment

Non-Marketable and Other Equity Securities

Non-marketable and other equity securities include qualified public welfare investments and venture capital/private equity funds. Our accounting for investments in non-marketable and other equity securities depends on several factors, including the level of ownership, power to control and the legal structure of the subsidiary making the investment. We base our accounting for such securities on: (i) fair value accounting, (ii) measurement alternative for other investments without a readily determinable fair value, and (iii) equity method accounting. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized net unrealized gains of $35,000 and $718,000, respectively, in the consolidated statements of net income related to changes in the fair value of non-marketable and other equity securities.
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Debt Securities
The Company classifies its debt and marketable equity securities into one of three categories: trading, available for sale or held to maturity. Trading securities are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling in the near term.term and changes in the value of these securities are recorded through earnings. Held to maturity securities are those securities which the Company has the ability and intent to hold until maturity. These securities are carried at cost adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount, computed by the effective interest method over their contractual lives. All other securities not included in trading or held to maturity are classified as available for sale. Available for saleAFS securities are recorded at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, on available for sale securities are reported as a separate component of other accumulated comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity until realized. Premiums and discountsDiscounts are amortized or accreted over the expected life of the related investment security as an adjustment to yield using the effective interest method. Premiums on callable debt securities are generally amortized to the earliest call date of the security with the exception of mortgage backed securities, where estimated prepayments, if any, are considered. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses are derived from the amortized cost of the security sold using the specific identification method. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company sold $24,796,000 of available for sale classified investment securities for $25,757,000 realizing a gain of $961,000. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company did not sell any investment securities. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, thesold. The Company did not have any debt securities classified as trading.

trading during the three year period ended December 31, 2022.

The Company assesses other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) based on whether it intendshas made a policy election to sell a security or if it is likely that the Company would be required to sell the security before recovery ofexclude accrued interest from the amortized cost basis of debt securities and report accrued interest separately in the investment,consolidated balance sheets. A debt security is placed on nonaccrual status at the time any principal or interest payments become more than 90 days delinquent or if full collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain. Accrued interest for a security placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income. There was no accrued interest related to debt securities reversed against interest income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.
The Company evaluates available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position to determine whether the decline in the fair value below the amortized cost basis (impairment) is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Any impairment that is not credit related is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Credit-related impairment is recognized as an allowance for credit losses on the balance sheet, limited to the amount by which the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value, with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. Both the allowance for credit losses and the adjustment to net income may be maturity. For debt securities,reversed if we intendconditions change. However, if the Company intends to sell thean impaired available for sale debt security or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell thesuch a security before recovering its amortized cost basis, the entire impairment loss would beamount is recognized in earnings as an OTTI. If we do not intendwith a corresponding adjustment to the security's amortized cost basis. In evaluating available for sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions for impairment and the criteria regarding its intent or requirement to sell such securities, the security and it is not likely that we will be requiredCompany considers the extent to sell the security but we do not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security, only the portion of the impairment loss representing credit losses would be recognized in earnings. The credit loss on a security is measured as the difference between the amortized cost basis and the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected. Projected cash flows are discounted by the original or current effective interest rate depending on the nature of the security being measured for potential OTTI. The remaining impairment related to all other factors, the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected andwhich fair value is recognized as a charge to other comprehensive income (“OCI”). Impairment losses related to all other factorsless than amortized cost, whether the securities are presented as separate categories within OCI. The accretionissued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, and the results of reviews of the amountissuers' financial condition, among other factors. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded in OCI increasesas provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the carrying valueACL when management believes the uncollectability of an available for sale debt security is confirmed or when either of the investment and does not affect earnings. If therecriteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is an indication of additionalmet. No security credit losses the security isre-evaluated according to the procedures described above. No OTTI losses were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016,2022, 2021 or 2020.
For HTM debt securities, the Company measures expected credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities on a collective basis by major security type, then further disaggregated by sector and 2015.

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bond rating. Accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity (HTM) debt securities is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current condition and reasonable and supportable forecasts based on current and expected changes in credit ratings and default rates. Based on the implied guarantees of the U. S. Government or its agencies related to certain of these HTM investment securities, and the absence of any historical or expected losses, substantially all qualify for a zero loss assumption. Management has separately evaluated its HTM investment securities from obligations of state and political subdivisions utilizing the historical loss data represented by similar securities over a period of time spanning nearly 50 years. As a result of this evaluation, management determined that the expected credit losses associated with these securities is not significant for financial reporting purposes and therefore, no allowance for credit losses has been recognized during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 or 2020.

Restricted Equity Securities

Restricted equity securities represent the Company’s investment in the stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco (“FHLB”) and are carried at par value, which reasonably approximates its fair value. While technically these are considered equity securities, there is no market for the FHLB stock. Therefore, the shares are considered as restricted investment securities. Management periodically evaluates FHLB stock for other-than-temporary impairment. Management’s determination of whether these investments are impaired is based on its assessment of the ultimate recoverability of cost rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value. The determination of whether a decline affects the ultimate recoverability of cost is influenced by criteria such as (1) the significance of any decline in net assets of the FHLB as compared to the capital stock amount for the FHLB and the length of time this situation has persisted, (2) commitments by the FHLB to make payments required by law or regulation and the level of such payments in relation to the operating performance of the FHLB, (3) the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on institutions and, accordingly, the customer base of the FHLB, and (4) the liquidity position of the FHLB.

As a member of the FHLB system, the Bank is required to maintain a minimum level of investment in FHLB stock based on specific percentages of its outstanding mortgages, total assets, or FHLB advances. The Bank may request redemption at par value of any stock in excess of the minimum required investment. Stock redemptions are at the discretion of the FHLB.

Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income when received.

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Loans Held for Sale

Loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value, as determined by aggregate outstanding commitments from investors of current investor yield requirements. Net unrealized losses are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to noninterestnon-interest income.

Mortgage loans held for sale are generally sold with the mortgage servicing rights retained by the Company. Gains or losses on the sale of loans that are held for sale are recognized at the time of the sale and determined by the difference between net sale proceeds and the net book value of the loans less the estimated fair value of any retained mortgage servicing rights.

Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans originated by the Company, i.e., not purchased or acquired in a business combination, are referred to as originated loans. Originated loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at the principal amount outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs. Loan origination and commitment fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred, and the net amount is amortized as an adjustment ofto the related loan’s yield over the actual life of the loan. Originated loansLoans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are designated as nonaccrual loans.

Originated loans

Loans are placed in nonaccrual status when reasonable doubt exists as to the full, timely collection of interest or principal, or a loan becomes contractually past due by 90 days or more with respect to interest or principal and is not well secured and in the process of collection. When an originateda loan is placed on nonaccrual status, all interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed. Income on such loans is then recognized only to the extent that cash is received and where the future collection of principal is considered probable. Interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when they are brought fully current with respect to interest and principal and when, in the judgment of Management, the loan is estimated to be fully collectible as to both principal and interest.

An Accrued interest receivable is not included in the calculation of the allowance for credit losses.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans
The Company measures credit losses under ASU 2016-03 Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaced the incurred loss methodology, and is referred to as the current expected credit loss (CECL) methodology. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized costs, including loan losses for originated loans is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense. receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities.
The allowance is maintained at a level which, in Management’s judgment, is adequate to absorb probable incurredfor credit losses inherent in(ACL) is a valuation account that is deducted from the loan portfolio as ofloan's amortized cost basis to present the balance sheet date. Originated loans and deposit related overdraftsnet amount expected to be collected on the loans. Loans are charged off against the allowance forwhen management believes the recorded loan losses when Management believes thatbalance is confirmed as uncollectible. Expected recoveries do not exceed the collectabilityaggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off. Regardless of the principaldetermination that a charge-off is unlikelyappropriate for financial accounting purposes, the Company manages its loan portfolio by continually monitoring, where possible, a borrower's ability to pay through the collection of financial information, delinquency status, borrower discussion and the encouragement to repay in accordance with the original contract or with respectmodified terms, if appropriate.
Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to consumer installment loans, according to an established delinquency schedule.past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The allowance for credit losses is an amountmeasured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses, which captures loan balances as of a point in time to form a cohort, then tracks the respective losses generated by that Management believes will be adequatecohort of loans over the remaining life. The Company identified and accumulated loan cohort historical loss data beginning with the fourth quarter of 2008 and through the current period. In situations where the Company's actual loss history was not statistically relevant, the loss history of peers, defined as financial institutions with assets greater than three billion and less than ten billion, were utilized to absorb probable incurredcreate a minimum loss rate. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in relevant current loan-specific risk characteristics, such as historical timing of losses inherent in existing loans, based on evaluationsrelative to the loan origination. In its loss forecasting framework, the Company incorporates forward-looking information through the use of macroeconomic scenarios applied over the forecasted life of the collectability, impairmentassets. These macroeconomic scenarios incorporate variables that have historically been key drivers of increases and prior loss experience of loans. The evaluations take into consideration such factors asdecreases in credit losses. These variables include, but are not limited to changes in environmental conditions, such as California unemployment rates, household debt levels and U.S. gross domestic product.
A loan is considered to be collateral dependent when repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the nature and sizeoperation or sale of the portfolio, overall portfolio quality, loan concentrations, specific problemcollateral. The ACL on collateral dependent loans and current economic conditions that may affectis measured using the borrower’s abilityfair value of the underlying collateral, adjusted for costs to pay. The Company defines an originated loan as impairedsell when itapplicable, less the amortized cost basis of the financial asset. If the value of underlying collateral is probabledetermined to be less than the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the original contractual termsrecorded amount of the loan, agreement. Impaired originateda charge-off will be taken. Loans for which the terms have been modified resulting in a concession, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, is considered to be a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). The ACL on a TDR is measured using the same method as all other portfolio loans, except when the value of a concession cannot be measured using a method other than the discounted cash flow method. When the value of a concession is measured using the discounted cash flow method, the ACL is determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at the original interest rate of the loan.
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PCD assets are measured based onassets acquired at a discount that is due, in part, to credit quality deterioration since origination which may be determined through observation of missed payments, downgrade in risk rating, deterioration of a borrower's financial trends or other observable factors including subjectivity utilized by management. PCD assets are initially recorded at fair value, by taking the sum of the present value of expected future cash flows discountedand an allowance for credit losses, at the loan’s original effective interest rate. As a practical expedient, impairment may be measured based on the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. When the measure of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, the impairmentacquisition. The allowance for credit losses for PCD assets is recorded through a specific reserve allocation withingross-up of reserves on the consolidated balance sheets, while the allowance for loan losses.

In situations related to originatedacquired non-PCD assets, such as loans, where,is recorded through the provision for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company grants a concession for other than an insignificant period of time to the borrower that the Company would not otherwise consider, the related loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). The Company strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and work with them to modify to more affordable terms before their loan reaches nonaccrual status. These modified terms may include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, payment forbearance and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral. In cases where the Company grants the borrower new terms that result in the loan being classified as a TDR, the Company measures any impairmentcredit losses on the restructuring as noted above for impairedconsolidated statements of income, consistent with originated loans. TDR loans are classified as impaired until they are fully paid off or charged off. Loans that are in nonaccrual status at the time they become TDR loans, remain in nonaccrual status until the borrower demonstrates a sustained period of performance which the Company generally believesSubsequent to be six consecutive months of payments, or equivalent. Otherwise, TDR loans are subject to the same nonaccrual andcharge-off policies as noted above with respect to their restructured principal balance.

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Credit risk is inherent in the business of lending. As a result, the Company maintains an allowance for loan losses to absorb probable incurred losses inherent in the Company’s originated loan portfolio. This is maintained through periodic charges to earnings. These charges are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income as provision for loan losses. All specifically identifiable and quantifiable losses are immediately charged off against the allowance. However, for a variety of reasons, not all losses are immediately known to the Company and, of those that are known, the full extent of the loss may not be quantifiable at that point in time. The balance of the Company’s allowance for originated loan losses is meant to be an estimate of these probable incurred losses inherent in the portfolio.

The Company formally assesses the adequacy ofacquisition, the allowance for credit losses for PCD loans will generally follow the same forward-looking estimation, provision, and charge-off process as non-PCD acquired and originated loan lossesloans.

The Company has identified the following portfolio segments to evaluate and measure the allowance for credit loss:
Commercial real estate:
Commercial real estate - Non-owner occupied: These commercial properties typically consist of buildings which are leased to others for their use and rely on rents as the primary source of repayment. Property types are predominantly office, retail, or light industrial but the portfolio also has some special use properties. As such, the risk of loss associated with these properties is primarily driven by general economic changes or changes in regional economies and the impact of such on a quarterly basis. Determinationtenant’s ability to pay. Ultimately this can affect occupancy, rental rates, or both. Additional risk of loss can come from new construction resulting in oversupply, the costs to hold or operate the property, or changes in interest rates. The terms on these loans at origination typically have maturities from five to ten years with amortization periods from fifteen to thirty years.
Commercial real estate - Owner occupied: These credits are primarily susceptible to changes in the financial condition of the adequacy is based on ongoing assessments ofbusiness operated by the probable risk in the outstanding originated loan portfolio, and to a lesser extent the Company’s originated loan commitments. These assessments include the periodicre-grading of credits based onproperty owner. This may be driven by changes in, their individual credit characteristics including delinquency, seasoning, recent financial performanceamong other things, industry challenges, factors unique to the operating geography of the borrower, change in the individual fortunes of the business owner, general economic factors,conditions and changes in business cycles. When default is driven by issues related specifically to the interest rate environment, growthbusiness owner, collateral values tend to provide better repayment support and may result in little or no loss. Alternatively, when default is driven more by general economic conditions, the underlying collateral may have devalued more and thus result in larger losses in the event of default. The terms on these loans at origination typically have maturities from five to ten years with amortization periods from fifteen to thirty years.
Multifamily: These commercial properties are generally comprised of more than four rentable units, such as apartment buildings, with each unit intended to be occupied as the primary residence for one or more persons. Multifamily properties are also subject to changes in general or regional economic conditions, such as unemployment, ultimately resulting in increased vacancy rates or reduced rents or both. In addition, new construction can create an oversupply condition and market competition resulting in increased vacancy, reduced market rents, or both. Due to the nature of their use and the greater likelihood of tenant turnover, the management of these properties is more intensive and therefore is more critical to the preclusion of loss.
Farmland: While the Company has few loans that were originated for the purpose of the portfolio as a wholeacquisition of these commercial properties, loans secured by farmland represent unique risks that are associated with the operation of an agricultural businesses. The valuation of farmland can vary greatly over time based on the property's access to resources including but not limited to water, crop prices, foreign exchange rates, government regulation or by segment,restrictions, and other factors as warranted. Loans are initially graded when originated. They arere-graded as they are renewed, when there is a new loanthe nature of ongoing capital investment needed to the same borrower, when identified facts demonstrate heightened risk of nonpayment, or if they become delinquent.Re-grading of larger problem loans occurs at least quarterly. Confirmation ofmaintain the quality of the grading processproperty. Loans secured by farmland typically represent less risk to the Company than other agriculture loans as the real estate typically provides greater support in the event of default or need for longer term repayment.
Consumer loans:
SFR 1-4 1st DT Liens: The most significant drivers of potential loss within the Company's residential real estate portfolio relate general, regional, or individual changes in economic conditions and their effect on employment and borrowers cash flow. Risk in this portfolio is obtainedbest measured by independentchanges in borrower credit reviews conductedscore and loan-to-value. Loss estimates are based on the general movement in credit score, economic outlook and its effects on employment and the value of homes and the Bank’s historical loss experience adjusted to reflect the economic outlook and the unemployment rate.
SFR HELOCs and Junior Liens: Similar to residential real estate term loans, HELOCs and junior liens performance is also primarily driven by consultants specifically hired for this purpose andborrower cash flows based on employment status. However, HELOCs carry additional risks associated with the fact that most of these loans are secured by various bank regulatory agencies.

The Company’s method for assessinga deed of trust in a position that is junior to the appropriateness ofprimary lien holder. Furthermore, the risk that as the borrower's financial strength deteriorates, the outstanding balance on these credit lines may increase as they may only be canceled by the Company if certain limited criteria are met. In addition to the allowance for originatedcredit losses maintained as a percent of the outstanding loan losses includes specific allowancesbalance, the Company maintains additional reserves for impaired originatedthe unfunded portion of the HELOC.

Other: The majority of these consumer loans formula allowance factorsare secured by automobiles, with the remainder primarily unsecured revolving debt (credit cards). These loans are susceptible to three primary risks; non-payment due to income loss, over-extension of credit and, when the borrower is unable to pay, shortfall in collateral value, if any. Typically, non-payment is due to loss of job and will follow general economic trends in the marketplace driven primarily by rises in the unemployment rate. Loss of collateral value can be due to market demand shifts, damage to collateral itself or a combination of those factors. Credit card loans are unsecured and while collection efforts are pursued in the event of default, there is typically limited opportunity for pools of credits,recovery. Loss estimates are based on the general movement in credit score, economic outlook and allowances for changing environmental factors (e.g., interest rates, growth, economic conditions, etc.). Allowance factors for loan pools were basedits effects on employment and the Bank’s historical loss experience by product typeadjusted to reflect the economic outlook and prior risk rating.

Loans purchased or acquired in a business combination are referred to as acquired loans. Acquiredthe unemployment rate.

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Commercial and industrial:
Repayment of these loans are valued asis primarily based on the cash flow of the acquisition dateborrower, and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. A borrower's cash flow may be unpredictable, and collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”) Topic 805,Business Combinations. Loans acquired with evidencevalue. Most often, collateral includes accounts receivable, inventory, or equipment. Collateral securing these loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise, may be illiquid and may fluctuate in value based on the success of credit deterioration since origination for which it is probable that all contractually required payments will not be collectedthe business. Actual and forecast changes in gross domestic product are referred to as purchased credit impaired (PCI) loans. PCI loans are accounted for under FASB ASC Topic310-30,Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. Under FASB ASC Topic 805 and FASB ASC Topic310-30, PCI loans are recorded at fair value at acquisition date, factoring in credit losses expectedbelieved to be incurredcorollary to losses associated with these credits.
Construction:
While secured by real estate, construction loans represent a greater level of risk than term real estate loans due to the nature of the additional risks associated with the not only the completion of construction within an estimated time period and budget, but also the need to either sell the building or reach a level of stabilized occupancy sufficient to generate the cash flows necessary to support debt service and operating costs. The Company seeks to mitigate the additional risks associated with construction lending by requiring borrowers to comply with lower loan to value ratios and additional covenants as well as strong tertiary support of guarantors. The loss forecasting model applies the historical rate of loss for similar loans over the expected life of the loan. Accordingly, an allowanceasset as adjusted for loan lossesmacroeconomic factors.
Agriculture production:
Repayment of agricultural loans is not carried over or recorded asdependent upon successful operation of the acquisition date. Fair valueagricultural business, which is defined asgreatly impacted by factors outside the present valuecontrol of the future estimated principalborrower. These factors include adverse weather conditions, including access to water, that may impact crop yields, loss of livestock due to disease or other factors, declines in market prices for agriculture products, changes in foreign exchange, and interest paymentsthe impact of government regulations. In addition, many farms are dependent on a limited number of key individuals whose injury or death may significantly affect the successful operation of the loan, withbusiness. Consequently, agricultural production loans may involve a greater degree of risk than other types of loans.
Leases:
The loss forecasting model applies the discounthistorical rate used in the present value calculation representing the estimated effective yield of the loan. Default rates, loss severity, and prepayment speed assumptions are periodically reassessed and our estimate of future payments is adjusted accordingly. The difference between contractual future payments and estimated future payments is referred to as the nonaccretable difference. The difference between estimated future payments and the present value of the estimated future payments is referred to as the accretable yield. The accretable yield represents the amount that is expected to be recorded as interest incomefor similar loans over the remainingexpected life of the loan. If after acquisition,asset. Leases typically represent an elevated level of credit risk as compared to loans secured by real estate as the Company determines thatcollateral for leases is often subject to a more rapid rate of depreciation or depletion. The ultimate severity of loss is impacted by the estimated future cash flowstype of a PCI loan are expected to be more than originally estimated, an increase incollateral securing the discount rate (effective yield) would be made such thatexposure, the newly increased accretable yield would be recognized, on a level yield basis, over the remaining estimated lifesize of the loan. If, thereafter,exposure, the Company determines thatborrower’s industry sector, any guarantors and the estimated future cash flowsgeographic market. Assumptions of a PCI loanexpected loss are expected to be less than previously estimated, an allowance for loan loss would be established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense to decrease the present valueconditioned to the required level. Ifeconomic outlook and the other variables discussed above.
Unfunded commitments:
The estimated cash flows improve after an allowance has been established for a loan, the allowance may be partially or fully reversed depending on the improvement in the estimated cash flows. Only after the allowance has been fully reversed may the discount rate be increased. PCI loans are put on nonaccrual status when cash flows cannot be reasonably estimated. PCI loans on nonaccrual status are accounted forcredit losses associated with these unfunded lending commitments is calculated using the cost recovery method or cash basis method of income recognition. The Company refers to PCI loans on nonaccrual status that are accounted for using the cash basis method of income recognition as “PCI – cash basis” loans;same models and the Company refers to all other PCI loans as “PCI – other” loans PCI loans are charged off when evidence suggests cash flows are not recoverable. Foreclosed assets from PCI loans are recorded in foreclosed assets at fair value with the fair valuemethodologies noted above and incorporate utilization assumptions at time of foreclosure representing cash flow from the loan. ASC310-30 allows PCI loans with similar risk characteristics and acquisition time frame to be “pooled” and have their cash flows aggregated as if they were one loan.default. The Company elected to use the “pooled” method of ASC310-30reserve for PCI – other loans in the acquisition of certain assets and liabilities of Granite Community Bank, N.A. (“Granite”) during 2010 and Citizens Bank of Northern California (“Citizens”) during 2011.

Acquired loans that are not PCI loans are referred to as purchased not credit impaired (PNCI) loans. PNCI loans are accounted for under FASB ASC Topic310-20,Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs,in which interest incomeunfunded commitments is accrued on a level-yield basis for performing loans. For income recognition purposes, this method assumes that all contractual cash flows will be collected, and no allowance for loan losses is established at the time of acquisition. Post-acquisition date, an allowance for loan losses may need to be established for acquired loans through a provision charged to earnings for credit losses incurred subsequent to acquisition. Under ASC310-20, the loss would be measured basedmaintained on the probable shortfallconsolidated balance sheet in relation to the contractual note requirements, consistent with our allowance for loan loss policy for similar loans.

Throughout these financial statements, and in particular in Note 4 and Note 5, when we refer to “Loans” or “Allowance for loan losses” we mean all categories of loans, including Originated, PNCI, PCI – cash basis, and PCI – other. When we are not referring to all categories of loans, we will indicate which we are referring to – Originated, PNCI, PCI – cash basis, or PCI – other.

When referring to PNCI and PCI loans we use the terms “nonaccretable difference”, “accretable yield”, or “purchase discount”. Nonaccretable difference is the difference between undiscounted contractual cash flows due and undiscounted cash flows we expect to collect, or put another way, it is the undiscounted contractual cash flows we do not expect to collect. Accretable yield is the difference between undiscounted cash flows we expect to collect and the value at which we have recorded the loan on our financial statements. On the

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date of acquisition, all purchased loans are recorded on our consolidated financial statements at estimated fair value. Purchase discount is the difference between the estimated fair value of loans on the date of acquisition and the principal amount owed by the borrower, net of charge offs, on the date of acquisition. We may also refer to “discounts to principal balance of loans owed, net of charge-offs”. Discounts to principal balance of loans owed, net of charge-offs is the difference between principal balance of loans owed, net of charge-offs, and loans as recorded on our financial statements. Discounts to principal balance of loans owed, net of charge-offs arise from purchase discounts, and equal the purchase discount on the acquisition date.

Loans are also categorized as “covered” or “noncovered”. Covered loans refer to loans covered by a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) loss sharing agreement. Noncovered loans refer to loans not covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement.

Foreclosed Assets

Foreclosed assets includeother liabilities.

Real Estate Owned
Real estate owned (REO) includes assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure. Foreclosed assets areREO is held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value less estimated costs to sell at the date of foreclosure,acquisition, establishing a new cost basis. Physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan occurs when legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure or when the borrower conveys all interest in the property to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. Any write-downs based on the asset’s fair value less costs to sell at the date of acquisition are charged to the allowance for loan and lease losses. Any recoveries based on the asset’s fair value less estimated costs to sell in excess of the recorded value of the loan at the date of acquisition are recorded to the allowance for loan and lease losses. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. If fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense. Operating costs after acquisition are expensed. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in other noninterest expense. Gainnon-interest expense, along with the gain or loss on sale of foreclosed assets is included in noninterest income. Foreclosed assets that are not subject to a FDIC loss-share agreement are referred to as noncovered foreclosed assets.

Foreclosed assets acquired through FDIC-assisted acquisitions that are subject to a FDIC loss-share agreement, and all assets acquired via foreclosure of covered loans are referred to as covered foreclosed assets. Covered foreclosed assets are reported exclusive of expected reimbursement cash flows from the FDIC. Foreclosed covered loan collateral is transferred into covered foreclosed assets at the loan’s carrying value, inclusive of the acquisition date fair value discount.

Covered foreclosed assets are initially recorded at estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell on the acquisition date based on similar market comparable valuations less estimated selling costs. Any subsequent valuation adjustments due to declines in fair value will be charged to noninterest expense, and will be mostly offset by noninterest income representing the corresponding increase to the FDIC indemnification asset for the offsetting loss reimbursement amount. Any recoveries of previous valuation adjustments will be credited to noninterest expense with a corresponding charge to noninterest income for the portion of the recovery that is due to the FDIC.

REO.

Premises and Equipment

Land is carried at cost. Land improvements, buildings and equipment, including those acquired under capital lease, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses are computed using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the related assets or lease terms. Asset lives range from3-10 years for furniture and equipment and15-40 years for land improvements and buildings.

Company Owned Life Insurance
The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain key executives. Company owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.
As a result of current tax law and the nature of these policies, the Bank records any increase in cash value of these policies as nontaxable non-interest income. If the Bank decided to surrender any of the policies prior to the death of the insured, such surrender may result in a tax expense related to the life-to-date cumulative increase in cash value of the policy. If the Bank retains such policies until the death of the insured, the Bank would receive nontaxable proceeds from the insurance company equal to the death benefit of the policies. The Bank has
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entered into Joint Beneficiary Agreements (JBAs) with certain of the insured that provide some level of sharing of the death benefit, less the cash surrender value, among the Bank and the beneficiaries of the insured upon the receipt of death benefits.
Goodwill, and Other Intangible and Long-Lived Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of costs over fair value of net assets of businesses acquired.acquired from a business combination. The Company has an identifiable intangible asset consisting of core deposit intangibles (“CDI”). CDI are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives and reviewed periodically for impairment. Goodwill and other intangible assets acquired in a business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but instead tested for impairment at least annually. IntangibleOther intangible assets with estimable useful lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values, and reviewed periodically for impairment.

The Company has an identifiable intangible

As of September 30 of each year, goodwill is tested for impairment, and is tested for impairment more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset consisting of core deposit intangibles (CDI). CDI are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives, and reviewed for impairment.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill

might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value.

Long-lived assets, such as premises and equipment, and purchased intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the consolidated balance sheet.

As of December 31 of each year, goodwill is tested for impairment, and is tested for impairment more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value. This determination is made at the reporting unit level. The Company may choose to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then goodwill is deemed not to be impaired. However, if the Company concludes otherwise, or if the Company elected not to first assess qualitative factors, then the Company performs the first step of atwo-step

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impairment test by calculating the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing the fair value with the carrying amount of the reporting unit. Second, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill over the implied fair value of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit in a manner similar to a purchase price allocation. The residual fair value after this allocation is the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. Currently, and historically, the Company is comprised of only one reporting unit that operates within the business segment it has identified as “community banking”. Goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2017 because the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value.

Mortgage Servicing Rights

Mortgage servicing rights (MSR)(“MSR”) represent the Company’s right to a future stream of cash flows based upon the contractual servicing fee associated with servicing mortgage loans. Our MSR arise from residential and commercial mortgage loans that we originate and sell, but retain the right to service the loans. The net gain from the retention of the servicing right is included in gain on sale of loans in noninterestnon-interest income when the loan is sold. Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts, when available, or alternatively, is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, such as the cost to service, the discount rate, the custodial earnings rate, an inflation rate, ancillary income, prepayment speeds and default rates and losses. Servicing fees, when earned, and changes in fair value of the MSR, are recorded in noninterest income when earned.

non-interest income.

The Company accounts for MSR at fair value. The determination of fair value of our MSR requires management judgment because they are not actively traded. The determination of fair value for MSR requires valuation processes which combine the use of discounted cash flow models and extensive analysis of current market data to arrive at an estimate of fair value. The cash flow and prepayment assumptions used in our discounted cash flow model are based on empirical data drawn from the historical performance of our MSR, which we believe are consistent with assumptions used by market participants valuing similar MSR, and from data obtained on the performance of similar MSR. The key assumptions used in the valuation of MSR include mortgage prepayment speeds and the discount rate. These variables can, and generally will, change from quarter to quarter as market conditions and projected interest rates change. The key risks inherent with MSR are prepayment speed and changes in interest rates.
Leases
The Company records a right-of-use asset (“ROUA”) on the consolidated balance sheets for those leases that convey rights to control use of identified assets for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company is also required to record a lease liability on the consolidated balance sheets for the present value of future payment commitments. Substantially all of the Company’s leases are comprised of operating leases in which the Company is lessee of real estate property for branches, ATM locations, and general administration and operations. The Company has elected not to include short-term leases (i.e. leases with initial terms of twelve months or less) within the ROUA and lease liability. Known or determinable adjustments to the required minimum future lease payments are included in the calculation of the Company’s ROUA and lease liability. Adjustments to the required minimum future lease payments that are variable and will not be determinable until a future period, such as changes in the consumer price index, are included as variable lease costs. Additionally, expected variable payments for common area maintenance, taxes and insurance are not unknown and not determinable at lease commencement and therefore, are not included in the determination of the Company’s ROUA or lease liability.
The value of the ROUA and lease liability is impacted by the amount of the periodic payment required, length of the lease term, and the discount rate used to calculate the present value of the minimum lease payments. The Company’s lease agreements often include one or more options to renew at the Company’s discretion. If at lease inception, the Company considers the exercising of a renewal option to be reasonably certain, the Company will include the extended term in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability. The Company uses an independent third party to determine fair valuethe rate implicit in the lease whenever this rate is readily determinable. As this rate is rarely determinable, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate at lease inception, on a collateralized basis, over a similar term.
Off-Balance Sheet Credit Related Financial Instruments
In the ordinary course of MSR.

Indemnification Asset/Liability

Thebusiness, the Company accounts for amounts receivable or payable under its loss-share agreementshas entered into with the FDIC in connection with its purchase and assumption of certain assets and liabilities of Granite as indemnification assets in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 805,Business Combinations. FDIC indemnification assets are initially recorded at fair value, based on the discounted value of expected future cash flowscommitments to extend credit, including commitments under the loss-share agreements. The difference between the fair value and the undiscounted cash flows the Company expects to collect from or pay to the FDIC will be accreted into noninterest income over the life of the FDIC indemnification asset. FDIC indemnification assets are reviewed quarterly and adjusted for any changes in expected cash flows based on recent performance and expectations for future performance of the covered portfolios. These adjustments are measured on the same basis as the related covered loans and covered other real estate owned. Any increases in cash flow of the covered assets over those expected will reduce the FDIC indemnification asset and any decreases in cash flow of the covered assets under those expected will increase the FDIC indemnification asset. Increases and decreases to the FDIC indemnification asset are recorded as adjustments to noninterest income.

Reserve for Unfunded Commitments

The reserve for unfunded commitments is established through a provision for losses – unfunded commitments charged to noninterest expense. The reserve for unfunded commitments is an amount that Management believes will be adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in existing commitments, including unused portions of revolving lines of credit and other loans, standbycard arrangements, commercial letters of credit, and unused deposit account overdraft privileges. The reserve for unfunded commitments is based on evaluationsstandby letters of the collectability, and prior loss experiencecredit. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

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Table of unfunded commitments. The evaluations take into consideration such factors as changes in the nature and size of the loan portfolio, overall loan portfolio quality, loan concentrations, specific problem loans and related unfunded commitments, and current economic conditions that may affect the borrower’s or depositor’s ability to pay.

Contents

Low Income Housing Tax Credits

The Company accounts for low income housing tax credits and the related qualified affordable housing projects using the proportional amortization method. Under the proportional amortization method, the Company amortizes the initial cost of the investment in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits received and recognizes the net investment performance in the income statement as a component of income tax expense (benefit). Upon entering into a qualified affordable housing project, the Company records, in other liabilities, the entire amount that it has agreed to invest in the project, and an equal amount, in other assets, representing its investment in the project. As the Company disburses cash to satisfy its investment obligation, other liabilities are reduced. Over time, as the tax credits and other tax benefits of the project are realized by the Company, the investment recorded in other assets is reduced using the proportional amortization method.

Income Taxes

The Company’s accounting for income taxes is based on an asset and liability approach. The Company recognizes the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year, and deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences that have been recognized in its financial statements or tax returns. The measurement of tax assets and liabilities is based on the provisions of enacted tax laws. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the expected amount most likely to be realized. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of a sufficient level of future taxable income and recoverable taxes paid in prior years. Although realization is not assured, management believes it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets will be realized.
A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. Interest and/or penalties related to income taxes are reported as a component of noninterestnon-interest income.

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Off-Balance Sheet Credit Related Financial Instruments

In

Share-Based Compensation
Compensation cost is recognized for stock options and restricted stock awards issued to employees and directors, based on the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into commitments to extend credit, including commitments under credit card arrangements, commercial letters of credit, and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

Geographical Descriptions

For the purpose of describing the geographical locationfair value of the Company’s loans,awards at the Company has defined northern California as that areadate of California north of, and including, Stockton; central California as that areagrant. The estimate of the state southfair value of Stockton, tostock options and including, Bakersfield; and southern California as that areaperformance based restricted awards are based on a Black-Scholes or Monte Carlo model, respectively, while the market price of the state southcommon stock at the date of Bakersfield.

Reclassifications

Duringgrant is used for time based restricted awards. Compensation cost is recognized over the three months ended September 30, 2017,required service period, generally defined as the Company changed its classificationvesting or measurement period. The Company’s accounting policy is to recognize forfeitures as they occur.

Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share represents income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted-average number of 1st lien and 2nd liennon-owner occupied1-4 residential real estate mortgage loans from commercial real estate mortgage loanscommon shares outstanding during the period. There are no unvested share-based payment awards that contain rights to residential real estate mortgage loans and consumer home equity loans, respectively. This change in loan category classification was made to better align the Company’s financial reporting classifications with regulatory reporting classifications, and to properly classify these loans for regulatory risk-based capital ratio calculations. As a result of these reclassifications, at September 30, 2017, loans with balances of $60,957,000, and $5,620,000,nonforfeitable dividends (participating securities). Diluted earnings per share reflects additional common shares that would have been classifiedoutstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as commercialwell as any adjustments to income that would result from assumed issuance. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate solely from outstanding stock options and restricted stock units, and are determined using the treasury stock method.
Revenue Recognition
The Company records revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”). Under Topic 606, the Company must identify the contract with a customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.
Most of our revenue-generating transactions are not subject to Topic 606, including revenue generated from financial instruments, such as our loans and investment securities. In addition, certain non-interest income streams such as fees associated with mortgage servicing rights, financial guarantees, derivatives, and certain credit card fees are also not in scope of the new guidance. The Company’s non-interest revenue streams are largely based on transactional activity, or standard month-end revenue accruals such as asset management fees based on month-end market values. Consideration is often received immediately or shortly after the Company satisfies its performance obligation and revenue is recognized. The Company does not typically enter into long-term revenue contracts with customers, and therefore, does not experience significant contract balances. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company did not have any significant contract balances. The Company has evaluated the nature of its revenue streams and determined that further disaggregation of revenue into more granular categories beyond what is presented in Note 18 was not necessary. The following are descriptions of revenues within the scope of ASC 606.
Deposit service charges
The Company earns fees from its deposit customers for account maintenance, transaction-based and overdraft services. Account maintenance fees consist primarily of account fees and analyzed account fees charged on deposit accounts on a monthly basis. The performance obligation is satisfied and the fees are recognized on a monthly basis as the service period is completed. Transaction-based fees on deposit accounts are charged to deposit customers for specific services provided to the customer, such as non-sufficient funds fees, overdraft fees, and wire fees. The performance obligation is completed as the transaction occurs and the fees are recognized at the time each specific service is provided to the customer.
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Debit and ATM interchange fees
Debit and ATM interchange income represent fees earned when a debit card issued by the Company is used. The Company earns interchange fees from debit cardholder transactions through the Visa payment network. Interchange fees from cardholder transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder. The performance obligation is satisfied and the fees are earned when the cost of the transaction is charged to the cardholders’ debit card. Certain expenses directly associated with the credit and debit card are recorded on a net basis with the interchange income.
Commission on sale of non-deposit investment products
Commissions on sale of non-deposit investment products consist of fees earned from advisory asset management, trade execution and administrative fees from investments. Advisory asset management fees are variable, since they are based on the underlying portfolio value, which is subject to market conditions and asset flows. Advisory asset management fees are recognized quarterly and are based on the portfolio values at the end of each quarter. Brokerage accounts are charged commissions at the time of a transaction and the commission schedule is based upon the type of security and quantity. In addition, revenues are earned from selling insurance and annuity policies. The amount of revenue earned is determined by the value and type of each instrument sold and is recognized at the time the policy or contract is written.
Merchant fee income
Merchant fee income represents fees earned by the Company for card payment services provided to its merchant customers. The Company outsources these services to a third party to provide card payment services to these merchants. The third party provider passes the payments made by the merchants through to the Company. The Company, in turn, pays the third party provider for the services it provides to the merchants. These payments to the third party provider are recorded as expenses as a net reduction against fee income. In addition, a portion of the payment received represents interchange fees which are passed through to the card issuing bank. Income is primarily earned based on the dollar volume and number of transactions processed. The performance obligation is satisfied and the related fee is earned when each payment is accepted by the processing network.
Gain/loss on other real estate mortgage loans prior to this change, were classified as residentialowned, net
The Company records a gain or loss from the sale of other real estate mortgage loans,owned when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed of trust. When the Company finances the sale of other real estate owned to the buyer, the Company assesses whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract and consumer home equity loans, respectively;whether collectability of the transaction price is probable. Once these criteria are met, the other real estate owned asset is derecognized and the Company’s,gain or loss on sale is recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer. In determining the gain or loss on sale, the Company adjusts the transaction price and the Bank’s, Total risk based capital ratios, Tier 1 capital ratios, and Tier 1 common equity ratios were all recalculated to be0.10%-0.20% higher than they would have been prior to this change. related gain or loss on sale if a significant financing component is present. Gains or losses from transactions associated with other real estate owned are recorded as a component of non-interest expense.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts reported in previous consolidated financial statements have been reclassified and recalculated to conform to the presentation in this report. These reclassifications did not affect previously reported amounts of net income,total loansassets or total shareholders’ equity.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

FASB

Accounting Standards Adopted in 2022
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This ASU provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform by providing optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected if certain criteria are met. At the time that Update (ASU)No.2014-09,Revenue from Contracts with Customers(2020-04 was issued, the UK Financial
Conduct Authority (FCA) had established its intent that it would no longer be necessary to persuade, or compel, banks to submit to LIBOR after December 31, 2021. As a result, the sunset provision was set for December 31, 2022—12 months after the expected cessation date of all currencies and tenors of LIBOR. In March 2021, the FCA announced that the intended cessation date of the overnight 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month tenors of USD LIBOR would be June 30, 2023, which is beyond the current sunset date of Topic 606):ASU2014-09 is intended to clarify848. Because the principles for recognizing revenue, and to develop common revenue standards and disclosure requirements that would: (1) remove inconsistencies and weaknessescurrent relief in revenue requirements; (2) provideTopic 848 may not cover a more robust framework for addressing revenue issues; (3) improve comparabilityperiod of revenue recognition practices across entities, industries, jurisdictions, and capital markets; (4) provide more useful information to users of financial statements through improved disclosures; and (5) simplify the preparation of financial statements by reducing thetime during which a significant number of requirementsmodifications may take place, the amendments in this
Update defer the sunset date of Topic 848 from December 31, 2022, to whichDecember 31, 2024. As the Company has an entity must refer. insignificant number of instruments that are applicable to this ASU, management has determined that no impact to the valuations of these instruments are applicable for financial reporting purposes.
Accounting Standards Pending Adoption
In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The amendments in this Update eliminate the TDR recognition and measurement guidance affects any entity that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets. The core principle isand, instead, require that an entity should recognize revenueevaluate (consistent with the accounting for other loan modifications) whether the modification represents a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. The amendments enhance existing disclosure requirements and introduce new requirements related to depictcertain modifications of receivables made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Furthermore, the transferamendments in this Update require that an entity disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of promised goods or services to customersorigination for financing receivables and net investment in an amount that reflectsleases within the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance provides steps to follow to achieve the core principle. An entity should disclose sufficient information to enable usersscope of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Qualitative and quantitative information is required with regard to contracts with customers, significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods therein, with early adoption permitted for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. ASU2014-09 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments such as loans and investments, which are accounted for under other provisions of GAAP.Subtopic 326-20. The Company adopted ASU2014-09these amendments on January 1, 2018 utilizing the modified retrospective approach,2023 and has thus far observed no material impact to
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deferred fees and costs and the adoptionrelated timing ofASU 2014-09 did not have net interest income recognition as a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

FASB issued Accounting Standard Update (ASU)No. 2016-02,Leases (Topic 842).ASU 2016-2, among other things, requires lessees to recognize most leaseson-balance sheet, increasing reported assets and liabilities. Lessor accounting remains substantially similar to current U.S. GAAP.ASU 2016-02 will be effective forresult of adoption.

Note 2 - Business Combinations
On March 25, 2022, the Company on January 1, 2019, utilizingcompleted its acquisition of Valley Republic Bancorp (VRB), including the modified retrospective transition approach. The Company is currently evaluating the provisionsmerger of ASU No. 2016-02 and has determined that the adoption of this standard will result in an increase in assets to recognize the present value of the lease obligations with a corresponding increase in liabilities; however, the Company does not expect this to have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows.

FASB issued Accounting Standard Update (ASU)No. 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718).ASU 2016-09, among other things, requires: (i) that all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies (including tax benefits of dividends on share-based payment awards) should be recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement, (ii) the tax effects of exercised or vested awards should be treated as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur, (iii) an entity also should recognize excess tax benefits regardless of whether the benefit reduces taxes payable in the current period, (iv) excess tax benefits should be classified along with other income tax cash flows as an operating activity, (v) an entity can make an entity-wide accounting policy election to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest (current GAAP) or account for forfeitures when they occur, (vi) the threshold to qualify for equity classification permits withholding up to the maximum statutory tax rates in the applicable jurisdictions, and (vii) cash paid by an employer when directly withholding shares for tax withholding purposes should be classified as a financing activity.ASU 2016-09 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2017 and due to options exercised and restricted stock units released during the year ended December, 2017, the Company recognized excess tax benefits totaling $906,000 during the year ended December 31, 2017.

FASB issued ASUNo. 2016-13,Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326).ASU2016-13 is the final guidance on the new current expected credit loss (‘‘CECL’’) model. ASU2016-13, among other things, requires the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP be replaced with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to estimate future credit loss estimates. As CECL encompasses all financial assets carried at amortized cost, the requirement that reserves be established based on an organization’s reasonable and supportable estimate of expected credit losses extends to held to maturity (‘‘HTM’’) debt securities. ASU2016-13 amends the accounting for credit losses onavailable-for-sale securities (‘‘AFS’’), whereby credit losses will be presented as an allowance as opposed to a write-down. In addition, CECL will modify the accounting for purchased loans with credit deterioration since origination, so that reserves are established at the date of acquisition for purchased loans. Lastly, ASU2016-13 requires enhanced disclosures on the significant estimates and judgments used to estimate credit losses, as well as on

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the credit quality and underwriting standards of an organization’s portfolio. These disclosures require organizations to present the currently required credit quality disclosures disaggregated by the year of origination or vintage. ASU2016-13 allows for a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect adjustment to the balance sheet upon adoption (charge to retained earnings instead of the income statement). ASU2016-13 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2020, and early adoption is permitted. While the Company is currently evaluating the provisions of ASU2016-13 to determine the potential impact the new standard will have on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements, it has taken steps to prepare for the implementation when it becomes effective, such as forming an internal task force, gathering pertinent data, consulting with outside professionals, and evaluating its current IT systems. Management expects to recognize aone-time cumulative effect adjustment to the allowance for loan losses as of the first reporting period in which the new standard is effective, but cannot yet estimate the magnitude of theone-time adjustment or the overall impact of the new guidance on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

FASB issued ASU No.2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows - Restricted Cash (Topic 230).ASU 2016-18 requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling thebeginning-of-period andend-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows.ASU 2016-18 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2018 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

FASB issued ASUNo. 2017-01,Business Combinations - Clarifying the Definition of a Business (Topic 805).ASU 2017-01 clarifies the definition and provides a more robust framework to use in determining when a set of assets and activities constitutes a business.ASU 2017-01 is intended to provide guidance when evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses.ASU 2017-01 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2018 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

FASB issued ASUNo. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment(Topic 350).ASU2017-04 eliminates step two of the goodwill impairment test (the hypothetical purchase price allocation used to determine the implied fair value of goodwill) when step one (determining if the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value) is failed. Instead, entities simply will compare the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount and record goodwill impairment for the amount by which the reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value.ASU 2017-04 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 and is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

FASB issued ASUNo. 2017-07,Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715).ASU2017-07 requires that an employer report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component.ASU 2017-07 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2018 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

FASB issued ASU2017-08,Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Topic 310).ASU 2017-08 shortens the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium to require such premiums to be amortized to the earliest call date unless applicable guidance related to certain pools of securities is applied to consider estimated prepayments. Under prior guidance, entities were generally required to amortize premiums on individual,non-pooled callable debt securities as a yield adjustment over the contractual life of the security.ASU 2017-08 does not change the accounting for callable debt securities held at a discount.ASU 2017-08 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2019, and is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

FASB issued ASU2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718).ASU 2017-09 clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as modifications. UnderASU 2017-09, an entity will not apply modification accounting to a share-based payment award if all of the following are the same immediately before and after the change: (i) the award’s fair value, (ii) the award’s vesting conditions and (iii) the award’s classification as an equity or liability instrument.ASU 2017-09 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2018 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

FASB issued ASU2018-02,Income Statement- Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220).ASU2018-02 allows, but does not require, entities to reclassify certain income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) to retained earnings that resulted from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Act) that was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Tax Act included a reduction to the Federal corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent effective January 1, 2018. The amount of the reclassification would be the difference between the income tax effects in AOCI calculated using the historical Federal corporate income tax rate of 35 percent and the income tax effects in AOCI calculated using the newly enacted 21 percent Federal corporate income tax rate. The amendments in ASU2018-02 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU2018-02 on January 1, 2018, and elected to reclassify certain income tax effects in AOCI to retained earnings. This change in accounting principle was accounted for as a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet resulting in a $1,093,000 increase to retained earnings and a corresponding decrease to AOCI on January 1, 2018.

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Note 2 – Business Combinations

Proposed Merger with FNB Bancorp

On December 11, 2017, the Company and FNB Bancorp, a California corporation (“FNBB”), enteredValley Republic Bank into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization (the “Merger Agreement”) pursuant to which FNBB will be merged with and into the Company, with the Company as the surviving corporation (the “Merger”). Management expects the acquisition to close in the second quarter of 2018, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, including regulatory and shareholder approvals. The Merger Agreement provides that immediately after the Merger, FNBB’s bank subsidiary, First National Bank of Northern California (“First National Bank”), will merge with and into the Company’s bank subsidiary, Tri Counties Bank, with Tri Counties Bank as the surviving bank (the “Bank Merger”). The Merger and Bank Merger are collectively referred to asentity, in accordance with the “Proposed Transaction.”

The Merger Agreement provides that each share of FNBB common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger will be canceled and converted into the right to receive 0.98 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Exchange Ratio”), with cash paid in lieu of fractional shares of the Company’s common stock.

Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $41.64 on December 8, 2017, the consideration value was $40.81 per share of FNBB common stock or approximately $315.3 million in aggregate. The valueterms of the merger consideration will fluctuate untilagreement dated as of July 27, 2021. The cash and stock transaction was valued at $174,016,000 in aggregate, based on TriCo's closing stock price of $42.48 on March 25, 2022. Under the terms of the merger agreement, the Company issued 4,105,518 shares, in addition to approximately $431,000 in cash paid out for settlement of stock option awards at VRB.


The acquisition of VRB has been accounted for as a business combination. The Company recorded the fair values based on the valuevaluations available as of the Company’s stockacquisition date, and subject to a trading collar in certain circumstances. Upon consummationadjustment up to one year following the merger date of March 25, 2022. During the Merger, the shareholdersfourth quarter of FNBB will own approximately 24% of the combined company.

The Merger Agreement includes a trading collar that could result in termination of the Merger Agreement or a change2022, an adjustment to the Exchange Ratio. First, initial allocation was based on more detailed information obtain about tax-related matters. Management believes the purchase price allocation is now finalized as December 31, 2022.


The Company can elect to terminatefollowing table summarizes the Merger Agreement if both (i) the average share price of the Company’s common stockconsideration paid for the 20 day period up to and including the fifth day prior to the closing date (the “Average Closing Share Price”) is greater than $49.78, which equals 120% of the average share price of the Company’s Stock for the 20trading-day period up to and including December 8, 2017, which was $41.48 (the “Initial Price”) and (ii) the Company’s common stock outperforms the KBW Regional Banking Index by more than 20%, unless FNBB agrees that the Exchange Ratio will be reduced and fewer shares of the Company’s common stock will be issued to FNBB shareholders on a per share basis. Conversely, FNBB can terminate the Merger Agreement if both (i) the Average Closing Share Price is less than $33.18, which is equivalent to 80% of the Initial Price, and (ii) the Company’s common stock underperforms the KBW Regional Banking Index by more than 20%, unless the Company agrees that the Exchange Ratio will be increased and more shares of the Company common stock will be issued to FNBB shareholders on a per share basis.

Upon consummation of the Merger, each outstanding and unexercised option to acquire shares of FNBB common stock held by FNBB’s employees and directors will be canceled and, in exchange, the holder of the option will be entitled to receive, whether or not the option is fully vested, a lump sum cash payment equal to the product of (1) the number of shares of FNBB common stock remaining under the option multiplied by (2) the Exchange Ratio multiplied by (3) the amount, if any, by which the Average Closing Share Price exceeds the exercise price of the option.

The consummation of the Merger is subject to a number of conditions, which include: (i) the approval of the Merger Agreement by FNBB’s shareholdersVRB and the approvalamounts of the Merger Agreement and the issuance of shares of the Company common stock by the Company’s shareholders; (ii) as of the closing of the Merger, FNBB shall have tangible common equity of not less than $119.0 million, subject to credit for certain merger-related expenses and certain assumptions and adjustments that are set forth in the Merger Agreement; (iii) the receipt of all necessary regulatory approvals for the Proposed Transaction, without the imposition of conditions or requirements that the Company’s Board of Directors reasonably determines in good faith would, individually or in the aggregate, materially reduce the economic benefits of the Proposed Transaction; (iv) the absence of any regulation, judgment, decree, injunction or other order of a governmental authority which prohibits the consummation of the Proposed Transaction or which prohibits or makes illegal the consummation of the Proposed Transaction; (v) the effective registration of the shares of the Company’s Common Stock to be issued to FNBB’s shareholders with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and the approval of such shares for listing on the Nasdaq Global Select Market; (vi) all representations and warranties made by the Company and FNBB in the Merger Agreement must remain true and correct, except for certain inaccuracies that would not have, or would not reasonably be expected to have, a material adverse effect; and (vii) the Company and FNBB must have performed their respective obligations under the Merger Agreement in all material respects.

66


Note 2 – Business Combinations (continued)

Acquisition of Three Bank Branches and Associated Deposits

On March 18, 2016, the Bank completed its acquisition of three branch banking offices from Bank of America originally announced October 28, 2015. The acquired branches are located in Arcata, Eureka and Fortuna in Humboldt County on the North Coast of California, and have significant overlap compared to the Company’s then-existing Northern California customer base and branch locations. As a result, these branch acquisitions create potential cost savings and future growth potential. With the levels of capital at the time, the acquisitions fit well into the Company’s growth strategy. Also on March 18, 2016, the electronic customer service and other data processing systems of the acquired branches were converted into the Bank’s systems, and the effect of revenue and expenses from the operations of the acquired branches are included in the results of the Company. The Bank paid a premium of $3,204,000 for deposit relationships with balances of $161,231,000 and loans with balances of $289,000, and received cash of $159,520,000 from Bank of America.

The assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition of these branches were accounted for in accordance with ASC 805 “Business Combinations,” using the acquisition method of accounting andthat were recorded at their estimated fair values on the March 18, 2016 acquisition date and the results(in thousands):


Estimated Fair Value
March 25, 2022
AdjustmentsFair Value December 31, 2022
Fair value of consideration transferred:
Fair value of shares issued$173,585 $— $173,585 
Cash consideration431 — 431 
Total fair value of consideration transferred174,016 — 174,016 
Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents427,314 — 427,314 
Securities available for sale109,716 — 109,716 
Loans and leases771,353 — 771,353 
Premises and equipment4,658 — 4,658 
Cash value of life insurance13,609 — 13,609 
Core deposit intangible10,635 — 10,635 
Other assets26,244 3,500 29,744 
Total assets acquired1,363,529 3,500 1,367,029 
Liabilities assumed:
Deposits(1,215,479)— (1,215,479)
Subordinated debt(47,236)— (47,236)
SERP liability(3,352)— (3,352)
Other liabilities(10,516)— (10,516)
Total liabilities assumed(1,276,583)— (1,276,583)
Total net assets acquired86,946 — 90,446 
Goodwill recognized$87,070 $(3,500)$83,570 
62TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of operations of the acquired branches are included in the Company’s consolidated statements of income since that date. The excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over total identifiable net assets was recorded as goodwill. The goodwill arising from the acquisition consists largely of the synergies and economies of scale expected from combining the operations of the Company and the acquired branches. $849,000 of the goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes because the acquisition was accounted for as a purchase of assets and assumption of liabilities for tax purposes.

The following table discloses the calculation of the fair value of consideration transferred, the total identifiable net assets acquired and the resulting goodwill relating to the acquisition of three branch banking offices and certain deposits from Bank of America on March 18, 2016:

(in thousands)  March 18, 2016 

Fair value of consideration transferred:

  

Cash consideration

  $3,204 
  

 

 

 

Total fair value of consideration transferred

��  3,204 
  

 

 

 

Asset acquired:

  

Cash and cash equivalents

   159,520 

Loans

   289 

Premises and equipment

   1,590 

Core deposit intangible

   2,046 

Other assets

   141 
  

 

 

 

Total assets acquired

   163,586 
  

 

 

 

Liabilities assumed:

  

Deposits

   161,231 
  

 

 

 

Total liabilities assumed

   161,231 
  

 

 

 

Total net assets acquired

   2,355 
  

 

 

 

Goodwill recognized

  $849 
  

 

 

 

A summary of the cash paid and estimated fair value adjustments resulting in the goodwill recorded in the acquisition of three branch banking offices and certain deposits from Bank of America on March 18, 2016 are presented below:

(in thousands)  March 18, 2016 

Cash paid

  $3,204 

Cost basis net assets acquired

   —   

Fair value adjustments:

  

Loans

   —   

Premises and Equipment

   (309

Core deposit intangible

   (2,046
  

 

 

 

Goodwill

  $849 
  

 

 

 

As part of the acquisition of three branch banking offices from Bank of America, the Company performed a valuation of premises and equipment acquired. This valuation resulted in a $309,000 increase in the net book value of the land and buildings acquired, and was based on current appraisals of such land and buildings.

The Company recognized a core deposit intangible of $2,046,000 related to the acquisition of the core deposits. The recorded core deposit intangibles represented approximately 1.50% of the core deposits acquired and will be amortized over their estimated useful lives of 7 years.

A valuation of the time deposits acquired was also performed as of the acquisition date. Time deposits were split into similar pools based on size, type of time deposits, and maturity. A discounted cash flow analysis was performed on the pools based on current market rates currently paid on similar time deposits. The valuation resulted in no material fair value discount or premium, and none was recorded.

67


Contents

Note 3 – Investment Securities

The amortized cost and estimated fair values of investments in debtinvestment securities classified as available for sale and equity securitiesheld to maturity are summarized in the following tables:

   December 31, 2017 
   Amortized
Cost
   Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   Gross
Unrealized
Losses
   Estimated
Fair
Value
 
   (in thousands) 

Securities Available for Sale

        

Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies

  $609,695   $695   $(5,601  $604,789 

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

   121,597    1,888    (329   123,156 

Marketable equity securities

   3,000    —      (62   2,938 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total securities available for sale

  $734,292   $2,583   $(5,992  $730,883 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Securities Held to Maturity

        

Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies

  $500,271   $5,101   $(1,889  $503,483 

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

   14,573    146    (37   14,682 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total securities held to maturity

  $514,844   $5,247   $(1,926  $518,165 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   December 31, 2016 
   Amortized
Cost
   Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   Gross
Unrealized
Losses
   Estimated
Fair
Value
 
   (in thousands) 

Securities Available for Sale

        
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies  $434,357   $1,949   $(6,628  $429,678 

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

   121,746    267    (4,396   117,617 

Marketable equity securities

   3,000    —      (62   2,938 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total securities available for sale

  $559,103   $2,216   $(11,086  $550,233 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Securities Held to Maturity

        

Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies

  $587,982   $5,001   $(4,199  $588,784 

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

   14,554    56    (191   14,419 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total securities held to maturity

  $602,536   $5,057   $(4,390  $603,203 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

December 31, 2022
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
(in thousands)
Debt Securities Available for Sale
Obligations of U.S. government agencies$1,568,408 $$(195,642)$1,372,769 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions332,625 401 (39,821)293,205 
Corporate bonds6,164 — (413)5,751 
Asset backed securities454,943 17 (15,193)439,767 
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations380,847 — (39,901)340,946 
Total debt securities available for sale$2,742,987 $421 $(290,970)$2,452,438 
Debt Securities Held to Maturity
Obligations of U.S. government agencies$154,830 $$(11,013)$143,819 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions6,153 13 (47)6,119 
Total debt securities held to maturity$160,983 $15 $(11,060)$149,938 


There was no allowance for credit losses recorded for the held to maturity debt portfolio as of or for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
December 31, 2021
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
(in thousands)
Debt Securities Available for Sale
Obligations of U.S. government agencies$1,260,226 $8,193 $(11,030)$1,257,389 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions187,197 5,832 (785)192,244 
Corporate bonds6,722 34 — 6,756 
Asset backed securities408,329 2,354 (1,131)409,552 
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations345,856 — (3,859)341,997 
Total debt securities available for sale$2,208,330 $16,413 $(16,805)$2,207,938 
Debt Securities Held to Maturity
Obligations of U.S. government agencies$192,068 $8,131 $— $200,199 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions7,691 250 — 7,941 
Total debt securities held to maturity$199,759 $8,381 $— $208,140 
There were no sales of debt securities during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. During 2017 investment2020, proceeds from sales of debt securities with cost basis of $24,796,000 were sold for $25,757,000,totaled $229,000, resulting in a gaingross gains of $961,000 on sale. No investment securities were sold during 2016. Investment securities totaling $2,000 were sold in 2015 resulting in no gain or loss on sale.$7,000. Investment securities with an aggregate carrying value of $285,596,000$595,779,000 and $292,737,000$423,892,000 at December 31, 20172022 and 2016,2021, respectively, were pledged as collateral for specific borrowings, lines of credit and local agency deposits.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities at December 31, 20172022 by contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. At December 31, 2017,2022, obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies with aan amortized cost basis totaling $1,109,966,000$1,533,255,000 consist almost entirely of residential real estate mortgage-backed securities whose contractual maturity, or principal repayment, will follow the repayment of the underlying mortgages. For purposes of the following table, the entire outstanding balance of these mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government corporations and agencies is categorized based on final maturity date. At December 31, 2017,2022, the Company estimates the average remaining life of these mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government corporations and agencies to be approximately 5.96.4 years. Average remaining life is defined as the time span after which the principal balance has been reduced by half.

   Available for Sale   Held to Maturity 

Investment Securities

(In thousands)

  Amortized
Cost
   Estimated
Fair Value
   Amortized
Cost
   Estimated
Fair Value
 

Due in one year

  $2   $2    —      —   

Due after one year through five years

   211    211   $1,207   $1,226 

Due after five years through ten years

   2,231    2,281    14,011    14,067 

Due after ten years

   731,848    728,389    499,626    502,872 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Totals

  $734,292   $730,883   $514,844   $518,165 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

68

63TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
Debt SecuritiesAvailable for SaleHeld to Maturity
(In thousands)Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair Value
Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair Value
Due in one year$57,685 $56,111 $— $— 
Due after one year through five years125,533 120,116 3,730 3,616 
Due after five years through ten years418,008 395,462 14,721 13,998 
Due after ten years2,141,761 1,880,749 142,532 132,324 
Totals$2,742,987 $2,452,438 $160,983 $149,938 
Gross unrealized losses on investment securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows:

   Less than 12 months  12 months or more  Total 
December 31, 2017:  Fair
Value
   Unrealized
Loss
  Fair
Value
   Unrealized
Loss
  Fair
Value
   Unrealized
Loss
 
   (in thousands) 

Securities Available for Sale

          

Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies

  $284,367   $(2,176 $166,338   $(3,425 $450,705   $(5,601

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

   4,904    (35  17,085    (294  21,989    (329

Marketable equity securities

   —      —     2,938    (62  2,938    (62
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total securitiesavailable-for-sale

  $289,271   $(2,211 $186,361   $(3,781 $475,632   $(5,992
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Securities Held to Maturity

          

Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies

  $93,017   $(567 $95,367   $(1,322 $188,384   $(1,889

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

   1,488    (7  2,637    (30  4,125    (37
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total securitiesheld-to-maturity

  $94,505   $(574 $98,004   $(1,352 $192,509   $(1,926
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

   Less than 12 months  12 months or more   Total 
December 31, 2016:  Fair
Value
   Unrealized
Loss
  Fair
Value
   Unrealized
Loss
   Fair
Value
   Unrealized
Loss
 
   (in thousands) 

Securities Available for Sale

           

Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies

  $370,389   $(6,628  —      —     $370,389   $(6,628

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

   90,825    (4,396  —      —      90,825    (4,396

Marketable equity securities

   2,938    (62  —      —      2,938    (62
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total securitiesavailable-for-sale

  $464,152   $(11,086  —      —     $464,152   $(11,086
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Securities Held to Maturity

           

Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies

  $280,497   $(4,199  —      —     $280,497   $(4,199

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

   9,984    (191  —      —      9,984    (191
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total securitiesheld-to-maturity

  $290,481   $(4,390  —      —     $290,481   $(4,390
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Loss
December 31, 2022(in thousands)
Debt Securities Available for Sale
Obligations of U.S. government agencies$766,612 $(134,234)$605,615 $(61,408)$1,372,227 $(195,642)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions43,282 (12,917)219,532 (26,904)262,814 (39,821)
Corporate bonds— — 5,751 (413)5,751 (413)
Asset backed securities205,329 (10,238)231,703 (4,955)437,032 (15,193)
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations203,620 (36,480)123,075 (3,421)326,695 (39,901)
Total debt securities available for sale$1,218,843 $(193,869)$1,185,676 $(97,101)$2,404,519 $(290,970)
Debt Securities Held to Maturity
Obligations of U.S. government agencies$— $— $143,577 $(11,013)$143,577 $(11,013)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions— — 4,530 (47)4,530 (47)
Total debt securities held to maturity$— $— $148,107 $(11,060)$148,107 $(11,060)
Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Loss
December 31, 2021(in thousands)
Debt Securities Available for Sale
Obligations of U.S. government agencies$947,108 $(9,737)$44,086 $(1,293)$991,194 $(11,030)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions56,153 (785)— — 56,153 (785)
Asset backed securities62,792 (259)109,748 (872)172,540 (1,131)
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations327,045 (3,859)— — 327,045 (3,859)
Total securities available for sale$1,393,098 $(14,640)$153,834 $(2,165)$1,546,932 $(16,805)
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies: Unrealized losses on investments in obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies are caused by interest rate increases. The contractual cash flows of these securities are guaranteed by U.S. Government Sponsored Entities (principally Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac). It is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost of the investment. Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell and more likely than not will not be required to sell, these investments are not considered other-than-temporarily impaired. At December 31, 2017, 692022, 172 debt securities representing obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies had unrealized losses with aggregate depreciation of 1.16%12.48% from the Company’s amortized cost basis.

Obligations of states and political subdivisions: The unrealized losses on investments in obligations of states and political subdivisions were caused by increases in required yields by investors in these types of securities. It is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost of the investment. Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell and more likely than not will not be required to sell, these investments are not considered other-than-temporarily impaired. At December 31, 2017, 292022, 202 debt securitiessecurity representing obligations of states and political subdivisions had unrealized losses with aggregate depreciation of 1.38%13.16% from the Company’s amortized cost basis.

Marketable equity securities:

Corporate bonds: The unrealized losses on investments in corporate bonds were caused by increases in required yields by investors in these types of securities. It is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost of the investment.
64TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
Because management believes the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell and more likely than not will not be required to sell, there is no impairment on these securities and there has been no allowance for credit losses as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2017, marketable equity2022, 6 asset backed securities had unrealized losses representingwith aggregate depreciation of 2.07%6.70% from the Company’s amortized cost basis.
Asset backed securities: The unrealized losses on investments in asset backed securities were caused by increases in required yields by investors in these types of securities. At the time of purchase, each of these securities were rated AA or AAA and through December 31, 2022 have not experienced any deterioration in credit rating. The Company continues to monitor these securities for changes in credit rating or other indications of credit deterioration. Because management believes the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company has the ability to hold these equity investment securities and management does not intend to sell and more likely than not will not be required to sell, these investments are not considered other-than-temporarily impaired. At December 31, 2022, 48 asset backed securities priorhad unrealized losses with aggregate depreciation of 3.36% from the Company’s amortized cost basis.
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations: The unrealized losses on investments in asset backed securities were caused by increases in required yields by investors in these types of securities. It is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost of the investment. Because management believes the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the recovery of value, managementCompany does not believeintend to sell and more likely than not will not be required to sell, there is no impairment on these securities to be other than temporarily impaired.

69

and there has been no allowance for credit losses as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2022, 22 asset backed securities had unrealized losses with aggregate depreciation of 10.88% from the Company’s amortized cost basis.

Marketable equity securities: As there were no sales of marketable equity securities, all unrealized gains or losses recognized during the reporting period were for equity securities still held as of the end of the reporting period.
The Company monitors credit quality of debt securities held-to-maturity through the use of credit rating. The Company monitors the credit rating on a monthly basis. The following table summarizes the amortized cost of debt securities held-to-maturity at the dates indicated, aggregated by credit quality indicator:
December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
AAA/AA/ABBB/BB/BAAA/AA/ABBB/BB/B
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Debt Securities Held to Maturity
Obligations of U.S. government agencies$154,830 $— $192,068 $— 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions6,153 — 7,691 — 
Total debt securities held to maturity$160,983 $— $199,759 $— 

65TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
Note 4 – Loans

A summary of loan balances follows (in thousands):

   December 31, 2017 
   Originated  PNCI  PCI -
Cash basis
  PCI -
Other
  Total 

Mortgage loans on real estate:

      

Residential1-4 family

  $320,522  $63,519   —    $1,385  $385,426 

Commercial

   1,690,510   215,823   —     8,563   1,914,896 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total mortgage loan on real estate

   2,011,032   279,342   —     9,948   2,300,322 

Consumer:

      

Home equity lines of credit

   269,942   16,248   2,069   429   288,688 

Home equity loans

   39,848   2,698   —     485   43,031 

Other

   22,859   2,251   —     45   25,155 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total consumer loans

   332,649   21,197   2,069   959   356,874 

Commercial

   209,437   8,391   —     2,584   220,412 

Construction:

      

Residential

   67,920   10   —     —     67,930 

Commercial

   69,364   263   —     —     69,627 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total construction

   137,284   273   —     —     137,557 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans, net of deferred loan fees and discounts

  $2,690,402  $309,203  $2,069  $13,491  $3,015,165 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total principal balance of loans owed, net of charge-offs

  $2,699,053  $316,238  $5,863  $17,318  $3,038,472 

Unamortized net deferred loan fees

   (8,651  —     —     —     (8,651

Discounts to principal balance of loans owed, net of charge-offs

   —     (7,035  (3,794  (3,827  (14,656
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans, net of unamortized deferred loan fees and discounts

  $2,690,402  $309,203  $2,069  $13,491  $3,015,165 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Noncovered loans

  $2,690,402  $309,203  $2,069  $13,491  $3,015,165 

Covered loans

   —     —     —     —     —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans, net of unamortized deferred loan fees and discounts

  $2,690,402  $309,203  $2,069  $13,491  $3,015,165 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Allowance for loan losses

  $(29,122 $(929 $(17 $(255 $(30,323
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

70


Note 4 – Loans (continued)

A summary of loan balances follows (in thousands):

   December 31, 2016 
   Originated  PNCI  PCI -
Cash basis
  PCI -
Other
  Total 

Mortgage loans on real estate:

      

Residential1-4 family

  $284,539  $82,335   —    $1,469  $368,343 

Commercial

   1,425,828   246,491   —     12,802   1,685,121 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total mortgage loan on real estate

   1,710,367   328,826   —     14,271   2,053,464 

Consumer:

      

Home equity lines of credit

   263,590   21,765   2,983   1,377   289,715 

Home equity loans

   40,736   3,764   —     1,682   46,182 

Other

   28,167   2,534   —     65   30,766 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total consumer loans

   332,493   28,063   2,983   3,124   366,663 

Commercial

   200,735   12,321   —     3,991   217,047 

Construction:

      

Residential

   54,613   141   —     675   55,429 

Commercial

   58,119   8,871   —     —     66,990 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total construction

   112,732   9,012   —     675   122,419 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans, net of deferred loan fees and discounts

  $2,356,327  $378,222  $2,983  $22,061  $2,759,593 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total principal balance of loans owed, net of charge-offs

  $2,363,243  $388,139  $8,280  $25,650  $2,785,312 

Unamortized net deferred loan fees

   (6,916  —     —     —     (6,916

Discounts to principal balance of loans owed, net of charge-offs

   —     (9,917  (5,297  (3,589  (18,803
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans, net of unamortized deferred loan fees and discounts

  $2,356,327  $378,222  $2,983  $22,061  $2,759,593 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Noncovered loans

  $2,356,327  $378,222  $2,983  $18,885  $2,756,417 

Covered loans

   —     —     —     3,176   3,176 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans, net of unamortized deferred loan fees and discounts

  $2,356,327  $378,222  $2,983  $22,061  $2,759,593 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Allowance for loan losses

  $(28,141 $(1,665 $(17 $(2,680 $(32,503
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The following is a summary offollows:
(in thousands)December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied$2,149,725 $1,603,141 
CRE owner occupied984,807 706,307 
Multifamily944,537 823,500 
Farmland280,014 173,106 
Total commercial real estate loans4,359,083 3,306,054 
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens790,349 666,960 
SFR HELOCs and junior liens393,666 337,513 
Other56,728 67,078 
Total consumer loans1,240,743 1,071,551 
Commercial and industrial569,921 259,355 
Construction211,560 222,281 
Agriculture production61,414 50,811 
Leases7,726 6,572 
Total loans, net of deferred loan fees and discounts$6,450,447 $4,916,624 
Total principal balance of loans owed, net of charge-offs$6,496,210 $4,946,653 
Unamortized net deferred loan fees(15,275)(13,922)
Discounts to principal balance of loans owed, net of charge-offs(30,488)(16,107)
Total loans, net of unamortized deferred loan fees and discounts$6,450,447 $4,916,624 
Allowance for credit losses$(105,680)$(85,376)


In March 2020, the change in accretable yield for PCI – other loansSmall Business Administration ("SBA") Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") was created to help small businesses keep workers employed during the periods indicated (in thousands):

   Year ended December 31, 
   2017   2016 

Change in accretable yield:

    

Balance at beginning of period

  $10,348   $13,255 

Accretion to interest income

   (2,809   (4,011

Reclassification (to) from nonaccretable difference

   (3,277   1,104 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at end of period

  $4,262   $10,348 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

71


COVID-19 crisis. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the total gross balance outstanding of PPP loans, which are included in commercial and industrial loans above, was $1,617,000 and $63,311,000, respectively, as compared to total PPP originations of $640,410,000. As of December 31, 2022, there was approximately $15,000 in net deferred fee income remaining to be recognized. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $2,149,000 in fees on PPP loans, as compared with $14,148,000 and $7,760,000 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The SBA ended PPP and did not accept new borrowing applications, effective May 31, 2021.

Note 5 – Allowance for LoanCredit Losses

The ACL was $105,680,000 as of December 31, 2022 as compared to $85,376,000 at December 31, 2021. The provision for credit losses on loans of $17,945,000 during the year ended December 31, 2022 was comprised of $10,820,000 in day 1 required reserves from loans acquired in connection with the VRB merger in the first quarter of 2022. Additionally, the Company designated certain loans and leases purchased from VRB as PCD, which required $2,037,000 in additional credit reserves as of the acquisition date. For PCD loans and leases, the initial estimate of expected credit losses is recognized in the ACL on the date of acquisition using the same methodology as other loans and leases held-for-investment.
The remaining increase in the allowance for credit reserves was the result of changes in loan volume and changes in credit quality associated with levels of classified, past due and non-performing loans in addition to changes in qualitative factors. The quantitative component of the ACL increased reserve requirements due to loan volume growth and increases in specific reserves. In addition to the quantitative loan portfolio, credit quality characteristics which are illustrated in the following tabular disclosures, the Company’s expected credit loss methodology (CECL) incorporates the use of qualitative factors. The qualitative components of the ACL resulted in a net increase in required reserves despite continued improvement in US employment rates, due to increased uncertainty in the global economic markets, US economic policy uncertainty, and the continued rise in corporate debt yields. As compared to historical norms, inflation remains elevated from continued disruptions in the supply chain, wage pressures, and higher living costs such as housing and food prices. Management notes the rapid intervals of rate increases by the Federal Reserve and inversion of the yield curve, have boosted expectations of the US entering a recession within 12 months. As a result, management continues to believe that certain credit weakness are likely present in the overall economy and that it is appropriate to maintain an allowance for credit losses that incorporates such risk factors.
66TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
The table below sets forth the components of the Company’s allowance for credit losses as of the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Allowance for credit losses:
Qualitative and forecast factor allowance$70,777 $59,855 
Quantitative (Cohort) model allowance reserves32,489 24,539 
Total allowance for credit losses103,266 84,394 
Allowance for individually evaluated loans2,414 982 
Total allowance for credit losses$105,680 $85,376 

The following table provides a summary of loans and leases purchased as part of the VRB acquisition with credit deterioration (PCD) at acquisition:
As of March 25, 2022
(in thousands)Commercial Real EstateConsumerCommercial and IndustrialConstructionAgriculture ProductionTotal
Par value$27,237 $3,877 $2,674 $25,645 $9,080 $68,513 
ACL at acquisition(1,573)(144)(81)(201)(38)(2,037)
Non-credit discount(2,305)(360)(47)(232)(12)(2,956)
Purchase price$23,359 $3,373 $2,546 $25,212 $9,030 $63,520 

The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for loancredit losses, and ending balance of loans, net of unearned fees for the periods indicated.

  Allowance for Loan Losses - Year Ended December 31, 2017 
  RE Mortgage  Home Equity  Auto  Other     Construction    
(in thousands) Resid.  Comm.  Lines  Loans  Indirect  Consum.  C&I  Resid.  Comm.  Total 

Beginning balance

 $2,748  $11,517  $7,044  $2,644   —    $622  $5,831  $1,417  $680  $32,503 

Charge-offs

  (60  (186  (98  (332  —     (1,186  (1,444  (1,104  —     (4,410

Recoveries

  —     397   698   242   —     375   428   —     1   2,141 

(Benefit) provision

  (371  (287  (1,844  (713  —     775   1,697   871   (39  89 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

 $2,317  $11,441  $5,800  $1,841   —    $586  $6,512  $1,184  $642  $30,323 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance:

          

Individ. evaluated for impairment

 $230  $30  $427  $107   —    $57  $1,848   —     —    $2,699 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Loans pooled for evaluation

 $1,932  $11,351  $5,356  $1,734   —    $529  $4,624  $1,184  $642  $27,352 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality

 $155  $60  $17   —     —     —    $40   —     —    $272 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
  Loans, net of unearned fees – As of December 31, 2017 
  RE Mortgage  Home Equity  Auto  Other     Construction    
(in thousands) Resid.  Comm.  Lines  Loans  Indirect  Consum.  C&I  Resid.  Comm.  Total 

Ending balance:

          

Total loans

 $385,426  $1,914,896  $288,688  $43,031   —    $25,155  $220,412  $67,930  $69,627  $3,015,165 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Individ. evaluated for impairment

 $5,298  $13,911  $2,688  $1,470   —    $257  $4,470  $140   —    $28,234 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Loans pooled for evaluation

 $378,743  $1,892,422  $283,502  $41,076   —    $24,853  $213,358  $67,790  $69,627  $2,971,371 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality

 $1,385  $8,563  $2,498  $485   —    $45  $2,584   —     —    $15,560 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
  Allowance for Loan Losses - Year Ended December 31, 2016 
  RE Mortgage  Home Equity  Auto  Other     Construction    
(in thousands) Resid.  Comm.  Lines  Loans  Indirect  Consum.  C&I  Resid.  Comm.  Total 

Beginning balance

 $2,896  $11,015  $11,253  $3,177   —    $688  $5,271  $899  $812  $36,011 

Charge-offs

  (321  (827  (585  (219  —     (823  (455  —     —     (3,230

Recoveries

  880   920   2,317   590   —     449   404   54   78   5,692 

(Benefit) provision

  (707  409   (5,941  (904  —     308   611   464   (210  (5,970
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

 $2,748  $11,517  $7,044  $2,644   —    $622  $5,831  $1,417  $680  $32,503 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance:

          

Individ. evaluated for impairment

 $258  $4  $411  $215   —    $28  $1,130   —     —    $2,046 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Loans pooled for evaluation

 $2,304  $10,064  $6,616  $2,365   —    $594  $3,765  $1,372  $680  $27,760 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality

 $186  $1,449  $17  $64   —     —    $936  $45   —    $2,697 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
  Loans, net of unearned fees – As of December 31, 2016 
  RE Mortgage  Home Equity  Auto  Other     Construction    
(in thousands) Resid.  Comm.  Lines  Loans  Indirect  Consum.  C&I  Resid.  Comm.  Total 

Ending balance:

          

Total loans

 $368,343  $1,685,121  $289,715  $46,182   —    $30,766  $217,047  $55,429  $66,990  $2,759,593 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Individ. evaluated for impairment

 $4,094  $15,081  $3,196  $1,508   —    $154  $4,096  $11   —    $28,140 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Loans pooled for evaluation

 $362,780  $1,657,238  $282,159  $42,992   —    $30,547  $208,960  $54,743  $66,990  $2,706,409 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality

 $1,469  $12,802  $4,360  $1,682   —    $65  $3,991  $675   —    $25,044 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

72

Allowance for Credit Losses – December 31, 2022
(in thousands)Beginning
Balance
ACL on PCD LoansCharge-offsRecoveriesProvision for
(Benefit from)
Credit Losses
Ending 
Balance
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied$25,739 $746 $— $$4,476 $30,962 
CRE owner occupied10,691 63 — 3,258 14,014 
Multifamily12,395 — — — 737 13,132 
Farmland2,315 764 (294)— 488 3,273 
Total commercial real estate loans51,140 1,573 (294)8,959 61,381 
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens10,723 144 — 79 322 11,268 
SFR HELOCs and junior liens10,510 — (22)429 496 11,413 
Other2,241 — (572)235 54 1,958 
Total consumer loans23,474 144 (594)743 872 24,639 
Commercial and industrial3,862 81 (697)1,157 9,194 13,597 
Construction5,667 201 — — (726)5,142 
Agriculture production1,215 38 — (351)906 
Leases18 — — — (3)15 
Allowance for credit losses on loans85,376 2,037 (1,585)1,907 17,945 105,680 
Reserve for unfunded commitments3,790 — — — 525 4,315 
Total$89,166 $2,037 $(1,585)$1,907 $18,470 $109,995 
67TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Note 5 – Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

  Allowance for Loan Losses - Year Ended December 31, 2015 
  RE Mortgage  Home Equity  Auto  Other     Construction    
(in thousands) Resid.  Comm.  Lines  Loans  Indirect  Consum.  C&I  Resid.  Comm.  Total 

Beginning balance

 $3,086  $9,227  $15,676  $1,797  $9  $719  $4,226  $1,434  $411  $36,585 

Charge-offs

  (224  —     (694  (242  (4  (972  (680  —     —     (2,816

Recoveries

  204   243   666   252   42   500   677   1,728   140   4,452 

(Benefit) provision

  (170  1,545   (4,395  1,370   (47  441   1,048   (2,263  261   (2,210
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

 $2,896  $11,015  $11,253  $3,177   —    $688  $5,271  $899  $812  $36,011 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance:

          

Individ. evaluated for impairment

 $335  $396  $605  $294   —    $74  $1,187   —     —    $2,891 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Loans pooled for evaluation

 $2,501  $9,167  $10,423  $2,883   —    $614  $2,983  $844  $812  $30,227 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality

 $60  $1,452  $225   —     —     —    $1,101  $55   —    $2,893 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
  Loans, net of unearned fees – As of December 31, 2015 
  RE Mortgage  Home Equity  Auto  Other     Construction    
(in thousands) Resid.  Comm.  Lines  Loans  Indirect  Consum.  C&I  Resid.  Comm.  Total 

Ending balance:

          

Total loans

 $314,265  $1,497,567  $322,492  $40,362   —    $32,429  $194,913  $46,135  $74,774  $2,522,937 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Individ. evaluated for impairment

 $6,767  $32,407  $5,747  $1,731   —    $288  $2,671  $4  $490  $50,105 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Loans pooled for evaluation

 $305,353  $1,442,100  $309,007  $37,004   —    $32,077  $187,393  $45,410  $74,284  $2,432,628 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality

 $2,145  $23,060  $7,738  $1,627   —    $64  $4,849  $721   —    $40,204 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Table of Contents
Allowance for Credit Losses – December 31, 2021
(in thousands)Beginning
Balance
Charge-offsRecoveriesProvision for
(Benefit from)
Credit Losses
Ending 
Balance
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied$29,380 $— $12 $(3,653)$25,739 
CRE owner occupied10,861 (18)794 (946)10,691 
Multifamily11,472 — — 923 12,395 
Farmland1,980 (126)— 461 2,315 
Total commercial real estate loans53,693 (144)806 (3,215)51,140 
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens10,117 (145)13 738 10,723 
SFR HELOCs and junior liens11,771 (29)1,127 (2,359)10,510 
Other3,260 (577)361 (803)2,241 
Total consumer loans25,148 (751)1,501 (2,424)23,474 
Commercial and industrial4,252 (1,470)755 325 3,862 
Construction7,540 (27)— (1,846)5,667 
Agriculture production1,209 — 24 (18)1,215 
Leases— — 13 18 
Allowance for credit losses on loans91,847 (2,392)3,086 (7,165)85,376 
Reserve for unfunded commitments3,400 — — 390 3,790 
Total$95,247 $(2,392)$3,086 $(6,775)$89,166 
Allowance for Credit Losses – December 31, 2020
(in thousands)Beginning
Balance
Impact of CECL AdoptionCharge-offsRecoveriesProvision for
(Benefit from)
Credit Losses
Ending 
Balance
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied$5,948 $6,701 $— $198 $16,533 $29,380 
CRE owner occupied2,027 2,281 — 28 6,525 10,861 
Multifamily3,352 2,281 — — 5,839 11,472 
Farmland668 585 (182)— 909 1,980 
Total commercial real estate loans11,995 11,848 (182)226 29,806 53,693 
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens2,306 2,675 (13)416 4,733 10,117 
SFR HELOCs and junior liens6,183 4,638 (116)304 762 11,771 
Other1,595 971 (670)347 1,017 3,260 
Total consumer loans10,084 8,284 (799)1,067 6,512 25,148 
Commercial and industrial4,867 (1,961)(774)568 1,552 4,252 
Construction3,388 933 — — 3,219 7,540 
Agriculture production261 (179)— 24 1,103 1,209 
Leases21 (12)— — (4)
Allowance for credit losses on loans30,616 18,913 (1,755)1,885 42,188 91,847 
Reserve for unfunded commitments2,775 — — — 625 3,400 
Total$33,391 $18,913 $(1,755)$1,885 $42,813 $95,247 
As part of theon-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including, but not limited to, trends relating to (i) the level of criticized and classified loans, (ii) net charge-offs,(iii) non-performing loans, and (iv) delinquency within the portfolio.

The Company utilizes aanalyzes loans individually to classify the loans as to credit risk grading system to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. Loans are graded on a scale ranging from Pass to Loss. A description of the general characteristics of the risk gradesand grading. This analysis is performed annually for all outstanding balances greater than $1,000,000 and non-homogeneous loans, such as follows:

Pass – This grade represents loans ranging from acceptable to very little or no credit risk. These loans typically meet most if not all policy standards in regard to: loan amount as a percentage of collateral value, debt service coverage, profitability, leverage, and working capital.

Special Mention – This grade represents “Other Assets Especially Mentioned” in accordance with regulatory guidelines and includes loans that display some potential weaknesses which, if left unaddressed, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or may inadequately protect the Company’s position in the future. These loans warrant more than normal supervision and attention.

Substandard – This grade represents “Substandard” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. Loans within this rating typically exhibit weaknesses that are well defined to the point that repayment is jeopardized. Loss potential is, however, not necessarily evident. The underlying collateral supporting the credit appears to have sufficient value to protect the Company from loss of principal and accrued interest, or the loan has been written down to the point where this is true. There is a definite need for a well defined workout/rehabilitation program.

Doubtful – This grade represents “Doubtful” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. An asset classified as Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in a loan classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral, and financing plans.

Loss – This grade represents “Loss” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. A loan classified as Loss is considered uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the loan, even though some recovery may be affected in the future. The portion of the loan that is graded loss should be charged off no later than the end of the quarter in which the loss is identified.

73


Note 5 – Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

The following tables present ending loan balances by loan category and risk grade for the periods indicated:

   Credit Quality Indicators – As of December 31, 2017 
   RE Mortgage   Home Equity   Auto   Other       Construction     
(in thousands)  Resid.   Comm.   Lines   Loans   Indirect   Consum.   C&I   Resid.   Comm.   Total 

Originated loans:

                    

Pass

  $315,120   $1,649,333   $265,345   $37,428    —     $22,432   $195,208   $67,813   $64,492   $2,617,171 

Special mention

   2,234    18,434    2,558    800    —      272    9,492    —      4,872    38,662 

Substandard

   3,168    22,743    2,039    1,620    —      155    4,737    107    —      34,569 

Loss

   —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total originated

  $320,522   $1,690,510   $269,942   $39,848    —     $22,859   $209,437   $67,920   $69,364   $2,690,402 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

PNCI loans:

                    

Pass

  $61,411   $203,751   $14,866   $2,433    —     $2,207   $8,390   $10   $263   $293,331 

Special mention

   218    11,513    450    188    —      38    1    —      —      12,408 

Substandard

   1,890    559    932    77    —      6    —      —      —      3,464 

Loss

   —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total PNCI

  $63,519   $215,823   $16,248   $2,698    —     $2,251   $8,391   $10   $263   $309,203 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

PCI loans

  $1,385   $8,563   $2,498   $485    —     $45   $2,584    —      —     $15,560 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loans

  $385,426   $1,914,896   $288,688   $43,031    —      25,155   $220,412   $67,930   $69,627   $3,015,165 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

   Credit Quality Indicators – As of December 31, 2016 
   RE Mortgage   Home Equity   Auto   Other       Construction     
(in thousands)  Resid.   Comm.   Lines   Loans   Indirect   Consum.   C&I   Resid.   Comm.   Total 

Originated loans:

                    

Pass

  $278,635   $1,399,936   $258,024   $37,844    —     $27,542   $190,902   $54,602   $57,808   $2,305,293 

Special mention

   2,992    14,341    2,518    891    —      385    6,133    —      311    27,571 

Substandard

   2,912    11,551    3,048    2,001    —      240    3,700    11    —      23,463 

Loss

   —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total originated

  $284,539   $1,425,828   $263,590   $40,736    —     $28,167   $200,735   $54,613   $58,119   $2,356,327 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

PNCI loans:

                    

Pass

  $79,000   $233,326   $20,442   $3,506    —     $2,437   $12,320   $141   $8,871   $360,043 

Special mention

   1,849    5,925    509    173    —      92    1    —      —      8,549 

Substandard

   1,486    7,240    814    85    —      5    —      —      —      9,630 

Loss

   —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total PNCI

  $82,335   $246,491   $21,765   $3,764    —     $2,534   $12,321   $141   $8,871   $378,222 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

PCI loans

  $1,469   $12,802   $4,360   $1,682    —     $65   $3,991   $675    —     $25,044 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loans

  $368,343   $1,685,121   $289,715   $46,182    —     $30,766   $217,047   $55,429   $66,990   $2,759,593 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Consumer loans, whether unsecured or secured bycommercial real estate automobiles, orloans, unless other personal property,indicators, such as delinquency, trigger more frequent evaluation. Loans below the $1,000,000 threshold and homogenous in nature are susceptible to three primary risks;non-payment due to income loss, over-extension of credit and, when the borrower is unable to pay, shortfall in collateral value. Typicallynon-payment is due to loss of job and will follow general economic trends in the marketplace driven primarily by rises in the unemployment rate. Loss of collateral value can be due to market demand shifts, damage to collateral itself or a combination of the two.

Problem consumer loans are generally identified by payment history of the borrower (delinquency). The Bank manages its consumer loan portfolios by monitoringevaluated as needed for proper grading based on delinquency and contacting borrowers to encourage repayment, suggest modifications if appropriate, and, when continued scheduled payments become unrealistic, initiate repossession or foreclosure through appropriate channels. borrower credit scores.

Collateral values may be determined by appraisals obtained through Bank approved, licensed appraisers, qualified independent third parties, public value information (blue book values for autos), sales invoices, or other appropriate means. Appropriate valuations are obtained at initiation of the credit and periodically (every3-12 months depending on collateral type) once repayment is questionable and the loan has been classified.

Commercial real estate loans generally fall into two categories, owner-occupied andnon-owner occupied.

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The Company utilizes a risk grading system to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. Loans secured by owner occupied real estate are primarily susceptiblegraded on a scale ranging from Pass to changes in the business conditionsLoss. A description of the related business. This may be driven by, among other things, industry changes, geographic business changes, changes in the individual fortunesgeneral characteristics of the business owner,risk grades is as follows:
Pass – This grade represents loans ranging from acceptable to very little or no credit risk. These loans typically meet most if not all policy standards in regard to: loan amount as a percentage of collateral value, debt service coverage, profitability, leverage, and general economic conditionsworking capital.
Special Mention – This grade represents “Other Assets Especially Mentioned” in accordance with regulatory guidelines and changes in business cycles. These same risks apply to commercialincludes loans whether secured by equipment or other personal property or unsecured. Losses on loans secured by owner occupied real estate, equipment, or other personal property generally are dictated by the value of underlying collateral at the time of default and liquidation of the collateral. When default is driven by issues related specifically to the business owner, collateral values tend to provide better repayment support andthat display some potential weaknesses which, if left unaddressed, may result in littledeterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or no loss. Alternatively, when defaultmay inadequately protect the Company’s position in the future. These loans warrant more than normal supervision and attention.

Substandard – This grade represents “Substandard” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. Loans within this rating typically exhibit weaknesses that are well defined to the point that repayment is driven by more general economic conditions,jeopardized. Loss potential is, however, not necessarily evident. The underlying collateral generally has devalued more and results in larger losses due to default. Loans secured bynon-owner occupied real estate are primarily susceptible to risks associated with swings in occupancy or vacancy and related shifts in lease rates, rental rates or room rates. Most often these shifts are a result of changes in general economic or market conditions or overbuilding and resultant over-supply. Losses are dependent on value of underlying collateral at the time of default. Values are generally driven by these same factors and influenced by interest rates and required rates of return as well as changes in occupancy costs.

74


Note 5 – Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

Construction loans, whether owner occupied ornon-owner occupied commercial real estate loans or residential development loans, are not only susceptible to the related risks described above but the added risks of construction itself including cost over-runs, mismanagement of the project, or lack of demand or market changes experienced at time of completion. Again, losses are primarily related to underlying collateral value and changes therein as described above.

Problem C&I loans are generally identified by periodic review of financial information which may include financial statements, tax returns, rent rolls and payment history of the borrower (delinquency). Based on this information the Bank may decide to take any of several courses of action including demand for repayment, additional collateral or guarantors, and, when repayment becomes unlikely through borrower’s income and cash flow, repossession or foreclosure of the underlying collateral.

Collateral values may be determined by appraisals obtained through Bank approved, licensed appraisers, qualified independent third parties, public value information (blue book values for autos), sales invoices, or other appropriate means. Appropriate valuations are obtained at initiation ofsupporting the credit appears to have sufficient value to protect the Company from loss of principal and periodically (every3-12 months depending on collateral type) once repayment is questionable andaccrued interest, or the loan has been classified.

written down to the point where this is true. There is a definite need for a well-defined workout/rehabilitation program.


Doubtful – This grade represents “Doubtful” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. An asset classified as Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in a loan classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral, and financing plans.

Loss – This grade represents “Loss” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. A loan classified as Loss is considered uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the loan, even though some recovery may be affected in the future. The portion of the loan that is graded loss should be charged off no later than the end of the quarter in which the loss is identified.
The following tables present ending loan balances by loan category and risk grade for the periods indicated:
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)20222021202020192018PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied risk ratings
Pass$399,910 $304,636 $152,960 $221,659 $147,842 $748,994 $123,794 $— $2,099,795 
Special Mention— — — 20,033 — 21,681 1,346 43,060 
Substandard— 864 768 — 1,059 4,179 — 6,870 
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total CRE non-owner occupied risk ratings$399,910 $305,500 $153,728 $241,692 $148,901 $774,854 $125,140 $— $2,149,725 
Commercial real estate:
CRE owner occupied risk ratings
Pass$210,101 $197,787 $120,929 $64,244 $49,755 $251,137 $43,343 $— $937,296 
Special Mention131 16,296 234 731 — 6,971 879 — 25,242 
Substandard3,213 — 5,249 1,893 1,103 10,654 157 — 22,269 
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total CRE owner occupied risk ratings$213,445 $214,083 $126,412 $66,868 $50,858 $268,762 $44,379 $— $984,807 
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Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)20222021202020192018PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Commercial real estate:
Multifamily risk ratings
Pass$159,318 $290,170 $96,937 $108,586 $106,287 $154,125 $28,989 $— $944,412 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — 125 — — 125 
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total multifamily loans$159,318 $290,170 $96,937 $108,586 $106,287 $154,250 $28,989 $— $944,537 
Commercial real estate:
Farmland risk ratings
Pass$47,067 $53,275 $16,739 $18,589 $12,386 $34,528 $53,684 $— $236,268 
Special Mention3,139 783 246 5,000 — 3,991 14,275 — 27,434 
Substandard— — 1,772 765 3,158 7,094 3,523 — 16,312 
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total farmland loans$50,206 $54,058 $18,757 $24,354 $15,544 $45,613 $71,482 $— $280,014 
Consumer loans:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens risk ratings
Pass$194,933 $265,370 $131,922 $33,395 $28,545 $115,469 $$2,924 $772,566 
Special Mention— — 1,531 282 3,277 5,854 — 465 11,409
Substandard— 1,204 — — 1,004 3,521 — 645 6,374
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total SFR 1st DT liens$194,933 $266,574 $133,453 $33,677 $32,826 $124,844 $$4,034 $790,349 

Consumer loans:
SFR HELOCs and Junior Liens risk ratings
Pass$505 $— $— $— $— $127 $378,939 $8,462 $388,033 
Special Mention— — — — — — 1,842 81 1,923
Substandard— — — — — — 3,072 638 3,710
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total SFR HELOCs and Junior Liens$505 $— $— $— $— $127 $383,853 $9,181 $393,666 
Consumer loans:
Other risk ratings
Pass$14,070 $12,990 $10,211 $10,650 $5,225 $1,945 $899 $— $55,990 
Special Mention— 18 77 135 176 32 47 — 485
Substandard— — 42 92 — 96 23 — 253
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total other consumer loans$14,070 $13,008 $10,330 $10,877 $5,401 $2,073 $969 $— $56,728 
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Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)20222021202020192018PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Commercial and industrial loans:
Commercial and industrial risk ratings
Pass$125,710 $64,966 $17,746 $23,131 $7,628 $5,051 $297,341 $483 $542,056 
Special Mention3,032 139 21 49 138 768 11,547 — 15,694
Substandard1,293 1,142 5,179 14 33 611 3,798 101 12,171
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — 
Total commercial and industrial loans$130,035 $66,247 $22,946 $23,194 $7,799 $6,430 $312,686 $584 $569,921 
Construction loans:
Construction risk ratings
Pass$72,840 $72,308 $43,409 $15,358 $2,159 $4,900 $— $— $210,974 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — 457 — 129 — — 586
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total construction loans$72,840 $72,308 $43,409 $15,815 $2,159 $5,029 $— $— $211,560 
Agriculture production loans:
Agriculture production risk ratings
Pass$3,414 $2,777 $1,149 $1,104 $8,902 $1,058 $38,425 $— $56,829 
Special Mention— — — — 90 31 1,632 — 1,753 
Substandard— — — — — — 2,832 — 2,832 
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total agriculture production loans$3,414 $2,777 $1,149 $1,104 $8,992 $1,089 $42,889 $— $61,414 
Leases:
Lease risk ratings
Pass$7,726 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $7,726 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total leases$7,726 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $7,726 
Total loans outstanding:
Risk ratings
Pass$1,235,594 $1,264,279 $592,002 $496,716 $368,729 $1,317,334 $965,422 $11,869 $6,251,945 
Special Mention6,302 17,236 2,109 26,230 3,681 39,328 31,568 546 127,000 
Substandard4,506 3,210 13,010 3,221 6,357 26,409 13,405 1,384 71,502 
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total loans outstanding$1,246,402 $1,284,725 $607,121 $526,167 $378,767 $1,383,071 $1,010,395 $13,799 $6,450,447 

71TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of December 31, 2021
(in thousands)20212020201920182016PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied risk ratings
Pass$275,305 $127,299 $199,764 $133,046 $224,581 $543,430 $49,899 $— $1,553,324 
Special Mention— — 8,386 399 4,390 20,612 1,732 — 35,519
Substandard— — — 1,382 739 12,177 — — 14,298
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total CRE non-owner occupied risk ratings$275,305 $127,299 $208,150 $134,827 $229,710 $576,219 $51,631 $— $1,603,141 
Commercial real estate:
CRE owner occupied risk ratings
Pass$178,092 $104,571 $63,979 $48,721 $55,399 $203,431 $22,745 $— $676,938 
Special Mention15,515 — — 289 2,964 3,833 — — 22,601 
Substandard— — 858 1,214 455 4,241 — — 6,768 
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total CRE owner occupied risk ratings$193,607 $104,571 $64,837 $50,224 $58,818 $211,505 $22,745 $— $706,307 
Commercial real estate:
Multifamily risk ratings
Pass$278,942 $100,752 $71,822 $109,374 $85,932 $146,984 $25,236 $— $819,042 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — 4,305 — — 153 — — 4,458 
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total multifamily loans$278,942 $100,752 $76,127 $109,374 $85,932 $147,137 $25,236 $— $823,500 
Commercial real estate:
Farmland risk ratings
Pass$43,601 $17,399 $20,223 $15,119 $9,129 $18,455 $37,612 $— $161,538 
Special Mention— — — — 1,197 2,519 1,491 — 5,207 
Substandard— — 2,895 — 578 1,371 1,517 — 6,361 
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total farmland loans$43,601 $17,399 $23,118 $15,119 $10,904 $22,345 $40,620 $— $173,106 
Consumer loans:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens risk ratings
Pass$268,743 $159,860 $40,661 $30,880 $36,197 $113,519 $— $3,527 $653,387 
Special Mention— — 286 3,282 416 1,476 — 383 5,843 
Substandard1,103 — — 1,089 256 4,758 — 524 7,730 
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total SFR 1st DT liens$269,846 $159,860 $40,947 $35,251 $36,869 $119,753 $— $4,434 $666,960 
72TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of December 31, 2021
(in thousands)20212020201920182016PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Consumer loans:
SFR HELOCs and Junior Liens risk ratings
Pass$494 $— $— $— $— $185 $317,381 $9,675 $327,735 
Special Mention— — — — — 53 3,655 832 4,540 
Substandard— — — — — 4,164 1,072 5,238 
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total SFR HELOCs and Junior Liens$494 $— $— $— $— $240 $325,200 $11,579 $337,513 
Consumer loans:
Other risk ratings
Pass$20,920 $15,939 $17,316 $8,016 $2,137 $1,079 $612 $— $66,019 
Special Mention— 46 157 233 98 51 69 — 654 
Substandard— 53 96 94 67 85 10 — 405 
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total other consumer loans$20,920 $16,038 $17,569 $8,343 $2,302 $1,215 $691 $— $67,078 
Commercial and industrial loans:
Commercial and industrial risk ratings
Pass$92,972 $17,933 $27,335 $11,335 $6,355 $6,774 $89,358 $860 $252,922 
Special Mention— 2,417 69 152 71 80 116 — 2,905 
Substandard— — 146 152 804 414 1,832 180 3,528 
Doubtful/Loss— 
Total commercial and industrial loans$92,972 $20,350 $27,550 $11,639 $7,230 $7,268 $91,306 $1,040 $259,355 
Construction loans:
Construction risk ratings
Pass$66,318 $79,567 $58,383 $4,849 $1,716 $8,148 $— $— $218,981 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard2,675 472 — — — 153 — — 3,300 
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total construction loans$68,993 $80,039 $58,383 $4,849 $1,716 $8,301 $— $— $222,281 
Agriculture production loans:
Agriculture production risk ratings
Pass$2,068 $878 $1,393 $801 $940 $853 $43,686 $— $50,619 
Special Mention— — — 150 — 42 — — 192 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total agriculture production loans$2,068 $878 $1,393 $951 $940 $895 $43,686 $— $50,811 
73TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of December 31, 2021
(in thousands)20212020201920182016PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Leases:
Lease risk ratings
Pass$6,572 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $6,572 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total leases$6,572 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $6,572 

Total loans outstanding:
Risk ratings
Pass$1,234,027 $624,198 $500,876 $362,141 $422,386 $1,042,858 $586,529 $14,062 $4,787,077 
Special Mention15,515 2,463 8,898 4,505 9,136 28,666 7,063 1,215 77,461 
Substandard3,778 525 8,300 3,931 2,899 23,354 7,523 1,776 52,086 
Doubtful/Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total loans outstanding$1,253,320 $627,186 $518,074 $370,577 $434,421 $1,094,878 $601,115 $17,053 $4,916,624 
Once a loan becomes delinquent and repayment becomes questionable, a Bank collection officer will address collateral shortfalls with the borrower and attempt to obtain additional collateral. If this is not forthcoming and payment in full is unlikely, the Bank will estimate its probable loss, using a recent valuation as appropriate to the underlying collateral less estimated costs of sale, and charge the loan down to the estimated net realizable amount. Depending on the length of time until ultimate collection, the Bank may revalue the underlying collateral and take additional charge-offs as warranted. Revaluations may occur as often as every3-12 months depending on the underlying collateral and volatility of values. Final charge-offs or recoveries are taken when collateral is liquidated and actual loss is known. Unpaid balances on loans after or during collection and liquidation may also be pursued through lawsuit and attachment of wages or judgment liens on borrower’s other assets.


The following table shows the ending balance of current and past due and nonaccrual originated loans by loan category as of the date indicated:

   Analysis of Past Due and Nonaccrual Originated Loans – As of December 31, 2017 
   RE Mortgage   Home Equity   Auto  Other       Construction     
(in thousands)  Resid.   Comm.   Lines   Loans   

Indirect

  Consum.   C&I   Resid.   Comm.   Total 

Originated loan balance:

                    

Past due:

                    

30-59 Days

  $1,740   $158   $528   $511   —    $56   $956   $34    —     $3,983 

60-89 Days

   510    987    48    107   —     36    738        —      2,426 

> 90 Days

   243    —      372    373   —     3    1,527        —      2,518 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total past due

  $2,493   $1,145   $948   $991   —    $95   $3,221   $34    —     $8,927 

Current

   318,029    1,689,365    268,994    38,857   —     22,764    206,216    67,886   $69,364    2,681,475 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total orig. loans

  $320,522   $1,690,510   $269,942   $39,848   —    $22,859   $209,437   $67,920   $69,364   $2,690,402 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

> 90 Days and still accruing

   —      —      —      —     —     —      —          —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Nonaccrual loans

  $1,725   $8,144   $811   $1,106   —    $7   $3,669        —     $15,462 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 


Analysis of Past Due Loans - As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)30-59 days60-89 days> 90 daysTotal Past
Due Loans
CurrentTotal
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied$— $— $— $— $2,149,725 $2,149,725 
CRE owner occupied— 98 75 173 984,634 984,807 
Multifamily159 — — 159 944,378 944,537 
Farmland— — — 0280,014280,014
Total commercial real estate loans159 98 75 332 4,358,751 4,359,083 
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens24 — 279 303 790,046 790,349 
SFR HELOCs and junior liens172 166 707 1,045 392,621 393,666 
Other26 34 55 115 56,613 56,728 
Total consumer loans2222001,0411,4631,239,2801,240,743
Commercial and industrial2,300 190 283 2,773 567,148 569,921 
Construction— — 379 379 211,181 211,560 
Agriculture production— — — — 61,414 61,414 
Leases— — — — 7,726 7,726 
Total$2,681 $488 $1,778 $4,947 $6,445,500 $6,450,447 
74TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
The following table shows the ending balance of current and past due and nonaccrual PNCI loans by loan category as of the date indicated:

   Analysis of Past Due and Nonaccrual PNCI Loans – As of December 31, 2017 
   RE Mortgage   Home Equity   Auto   Other       Construction     
(in thousands)  Resid.   Comm.   Lines   Loans   Indirect   Consum.   C&I   Resid.   Comm.   Total 

PNCI loan balance:

                    

Past due:

                    

30-59 Days

  $1,495   $70   $298   $30    —     $6    —      —      —     $1,899 

60-89 Days

   90    —      228    —      —      26    —      —      —      344 

> 90 Days

   109    —      330    —      —      —      —      —      —      439 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total past due

  $1,694   $70   $856   $30    —     $32    —      —      —     $2,682 

Current

   61,825    215,753    15,392    2,668    —      2,219   $8,391   $10   $263    306,521 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total PNCI loans

  $63,519   $215,823   $16,248   $2,698    —     $2,251   $8,391   $10   $263   $309,203 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

> 90 Days and still accruing

  $81    —     $200    —      —      —      —      —      —     $281 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Nonaccrual loans

  $1,012    —     $402   $44    —     $5    —      —      —     $1,463 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

75


Note 5 – Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

The following table shows the ending balance of current, past due, and nonaccrual originated loans by loan category as of the date indicated:

                                                                                                    
   Analysis of Past Due and Nonaccrual Originated Loans – As of December 31, 2016 
   RE Mortgage   Home Equity   Auto   Other       Construction     
(in thousands)  Resid.   Comm.   Lines   Loans   Indirect   Consum.   C&I   Resid.   Comm.   Total 

Originated loan balance:

                    

Past due:

                    

30-59 Days

  $552   $317   $754   $646    —     $16   $1,148   $921    —     $4,354 

60-89 Days

   269    1,387    —      395    —      30    84       $421    2,586 

> 90 Days

   —      216    687    184    —      15    634    11    —      1,747 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total past due

  $821   $1,920   $1,441   $1,225    —     $61   $1,866   $932   $421   $8,687 

Current

   283,718    1,423,908    262,149    39,511    —      28,106    198,869    53,681    57,698    2,347,640 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total orig. loans

  $284,539   $1,425,828   $263,590   $40,736    —     $28,167   $200,735   $54,613   $58,119   $2,356,327 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

> 90 Days and still accruing

   —      —      —      —      —      —      —          —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Nonaccrual loans

  $255   $7,651   $1,211   $803    —     $33   $2,930   $11    —     $12,894 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Analysis of Past Due Loans - As of December 31, 2021
(in thousands)30-59 days60-89 days> 90 daysTotal Past
Due Loans
CurrentTotal
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied$226 $37 $— $263 $1,602,878 $1,603,141 
CRE owner occupied271 127 273 671 705,636 706,307 
Multifamily— — — — 823,500 823,500 
Farmland— — 575 575172,531173,106
Total commercial real estate loans497 164 848 1,509 3,304,545 3,306,054 
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens— 13 362 375 666,585 666,960 
SFR HELOCs and junior liens36 361 1,212 1,609 335,904 337,513 
Other109 28 144 66,934 67,078 
Total consumer loans1453811,6022,1281,069,4231,071,551
Commercial and industrial146 245 166 557 258,798 259,355 
Construction— 90 — 90 222,191 222,281 
Agriculture production48 — — 48 50,763 50,811 
Leases— — — — 6,572 6,572 
Total$836 $880 $2,616 $4,332 $4,912,292 $4,916,624 
The following table shows the ending balance of current, past due, and nonaccrual PNCInon accrual loans by loan category as of the date indicated:

                                                                                                    
   Analysis of Past Due and Nonaccrual PNCI Loans – As of December 31, 2016 
   RE Mortgage   Home Equity   Auto   Other       Construction     
(in thousands)  Resid.   Comm.   Lines   Loans   Indirect   Consum.   C&I   Resid.   Comm.   Total 

PNCI loan balance:

                    

Past due:

                    

30-59 Days

  $1,510   $73   $274   $39    —      —      —      —      —     $1,896 

60-89 Days

   —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —   

> 90 Days

   21    81    589    13    —      —      —      —      —      704 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total past due

  $1,531   $154   $863   $52    —      —      —      —      —     $2,600 

Current

   80,804    246,337    20,902    3,712    —     $2,534   $12,321   $141   $8,871    375,622 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total PNCI loans

  $82,335   $246,491   $21,765   $3,764    —     $2,534   $12,321   $141   $8,871   $378,222 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

> 90 Days and still accruing

   —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Nonaccrual loans

  $194   $1,826   $742   $67    —     $5    —      —      —     $2,834 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Impaired originated

Non Accrual Loans
As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2021
(in thousands)Non accrual with no allowance for credit lossesTotal non accrualPast due 90 days or more and still accruingNon accrual with no allowance for credit lossesTotal non accrualPast due 90 days or more and still accruing
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied$1,739 $1,739 $— $7,899 $7,899 $— 
CRE owner occupied4,938 4,938 — 4,763 5,036 — 
Multifamily125 125 — 4,457 4,457 — 
Farmland1,772 1,772 — 452 3,020 — 
Total commercial real estate loans8,574 8,574 — 17,571 20,412 — 
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens4,117 4,220 — 3,594 3,595 — 
SFR HELOCs and junior liens2,498 3,155 — 3,285 3,801 — 
Other47 84 — 48 71 — 
Total consumer loans6,662 7,459 — 6,927 7,467 — 
Commercial and industrial1,224 3,518 — 1,904 2,416 — 
Construction491 491 — 15 55 — 
Agriculture production1,279 1,279 — — — — 
Leases— — — — — — 
Sub-total18,23021,321— 26,41730,350— 
Less: Guaranteed loans(105)(225)— (713)(775)— 
Total, net$18,125 $21,096 $— $25,704 $29,575 $— 
Interest income on non accrual loans are those where management has concluded that it is probable thatwould have been recognized during the borrower will be unable to payyears ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, if all amounts due undersuch loans had been current in accordance with their original terms, totaled $1,438,000, $2,226,000, and $1,804,000, respectively. Interest income actually recognized on these loans during the contractual terms. years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $579,000, $471,000, and $701,000, respectively.

75TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents

The following tables showpresent the recorded investment (financial statement balance), unpaid principal balance, average recorded investment, and interest income recognized for impaired Originated and PNCIamortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans segregated by those with no related allowance recorded and those with an allowance recorded for the periods indicated.

                                                                                                    
   Impaired Originated Loans – As of December 31, 2017 
   RE Mortgage   Home Equity   Auto   Other       Construction     
(in thousands)  Resid.   Comm.   Lines   Loans   Indirect   Consum.   C&I   Resid.   Comm.   Total 

With no related allowance recorded:

                    

Recorded investment

  $2,058   $13,101   $1,093   $1,107    —     $4   $575   $140    —     $18,078 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unpaid principal

  $2,109   $13,360   $1,175   $1,429    —     $52   $585   $140    —     $18,850 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average recorded Investment

  $1,875   $13,123   $1,287   $852    —     $10   $668   $76    —     $17,891 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Interest income Recognized

  $85   $609   $39   $14    —      —     $18   $9    —     $774 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

With an allowance recorded:

                    

Recorded investment

  $1,881   $810   $401   $198    —     $3   $3,895    —      —     $7,188 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unpaid principal

  $1,914   $826   $406   $198    —     $3   $3,981    —      —     $7,328 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Related allowance

  $230   $30   $111   $10    —     $3   $1,848    —      —     $2,232 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average recorded Investment

  $1,626   $728   $415   $341    —     $10   $3,615    —      —     $6,735 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Interest income Recognized

  $58   $36   $8   $10    —      —     $166    —      —     $278 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

76


Note 5 – Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

   Impaired PNCI Loans – As of December 31, 2017 
   RE Mortgage   Home Equity   Auto   Other       Construction     
(in thousands)  Resid.   Comm.   Lines   Loans   Indirect   Consum.   C&I   Resid.   Comm.   Total 

With no related allowance recorded:

                    

Recorded investment

  $1,359    —     $591   $44    —      —      —      —      —     $1,994 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unpaid principal

  $1,404    —     $612   $57    —      —      —      —      —     $2,073 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average recorded Investment

  $911   $913   $663   $56    —     $2    —      —      —     $2,545 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Interest income Recognized

  $24    —     $22    —      —      —      —      —      —     $46 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

With an allowance recorded:

                    

Recorded investment

   —      —     $603   $121    —     $250    —      —      —     $974 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unpaid principal

   —      —     $604   $121    —     $250    —      —      —     $975 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Related allowance

   —      —     $316   $97    —     $54    —      —      —     $467 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average recorded Investment

  $130   $66   $577   $61    —     $184    —      —      —     $1,018 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Interest income Recognized

   —      —     $26   $6    —     $11    —      —      —     $43 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Impaired Originated Loans – As of December 31, 2016 
   RE Mortgage   Home Equity   Auto   Other       Construction     
(in thousands)  Resid.   Comm.   Lines   Loans   Indirect   Consum.   C&I   Resid.   Comm.   Total 

With no related allowance recorded:

                    

Recorded investment

  $1,820   $12,898   $1,480   $715    —     $15   $762   $11    —     $17,701 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unpaid principal

  $1,829   $13,145   $1,561   $1,135    —     $29   $926   $16    —     $18,641 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average recorded Investment

  $2,853   $20,003   $2,221   $831   $1   $16   $669   $7    —     $26,601 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Interest income Recognized

  $92   $570   $40   $6    —     $1   $48    —      —     $757 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

With an allowance recorded:

                    

Recorded investment

  $1,551   $357   $430   $594    —     $19   $3,334    —      —     $6,285 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unpaid principal

  $1,552   $358   $440   $595    —     $19   $3,385    —      —     $6,349 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Related allowance

  $180   $4   $110   $107    —     $13   $1,130    —      —     $1,544 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average recorded Investment

  $1,779   $888   $1,076   $634    —     $9   $2,714    —      —     $7,100 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Interest income Recognized

  $65   $22   $9   $31    —     $2   $77    —      —     $206 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Impaired PNCI Loans – As of December 31, 2016 
   RE Mortgage   Home Equity   Auto   Other       Construction     
(in thousands)  Resid.   Comm.   Lines   Loans   Indirect   Consum.   C&I   Resid.   Comm.   Total 

With no related allowance recorded:

                    

Recorded investment

  $463   $1,826   $735   $67    —     $3    —      —      —     $3,094 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unpaid principal

  $486   $2,031   $746   $74    —     $4    —      —      —     $3,341 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average recorded Investment

  $669   $1,479   $594   $69    —     $18   $1    —     $245   $3,075 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Interest income Recognized

  $7    —     $9   $1    —      —      —      —      —     $17 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

With an allowance recorded:

                    

Recorded investment

  $259    —     $551   $132    —     $118    —      —      —     $1,060 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unpaid principal

  $259    —     $551   $132    —     $118    —      —      —     $1,060 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Related allowance

  $79    —     $300   $108    —     $15    —      —      —     $502 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average recorded Investment

  $130   $1,374   $579   $85    —     $176    —      —      —     $2,344 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Interest income Recognized

  $10    —     $27   $7    —     $5    —      —      —     $49 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

77


Note 5 – Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

At December 31, 2017, $12,517,000class of Originated loans were TDRs and classified as impaired. The Company had obligations to lend $1,000 of additional funds on these TDRs as of December 31, 2017. At December 31, 2017, $1,352,000the following periods:


As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)RetailOfficeWarehouseOtherMultifamilyFarmlandSFR -1st DeedSFR -2nd DeedAutomobile/TruckA/R and InventoryEquipmentTotal
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied$777 $98 $— $864 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $1,739 
CRE owner occupied548 75 1,103 3,212 — — — — — — — 4,938 
Multifamily— — — — 125 — — — — — — 125 
Farmland— — — — — 1,772 — — — — — 1,772 
Total commercial real estate loans1,325 173 1,103 4,076 125 1,772 — — — — 8,574 
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens— — — — — — 4,220 — — — — 4,220 
SFR HELOCs and junior liens— — — — — — 1,664 1,121 — — — 2,785 
Other— — — — — — — 61 — 68 
Total consumer loans— — — — — 5,884 1,121 61 — 7,073 
Commercial and industrial— — — 1,874 — — — — — 1,596 48 3,518 
Construction— — — 379 — — 112 — — — — 491 
Agriculture production— — — — — — — — — — 1,279 1,279 
Leases— — — — — — — — — — — — 
Total$1,325 $173 $1,103 $6,334 $125 $1,772 $5,996 $1,121 $61 $1,596 $1,329 $20,935 



As of December 31, 2021
(in thousands)RetailOfficeWarehouseOtherMultifamilyFarmlandSFR -1st DeedSFR -2nd DeedAutomobile/TruckA/R and InventoryEquipmentTotal
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied$2,591 $1,253 $1,545 $7,272 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $12,661 
CRE owner occupied— — — — — — — — — — — — 
Multifamily— — — — 4,458 — — — — — — 4,458 
Farmland— — — — — 1,027 — — — — — 1,027 
Total commercial real estate loans2,591 1,253 1,545 7,272 4,458 1,027 — — — — — 18,146 
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens— — — — — — 3,589 — — — — 3,589 
SFR HELOCs and junior liens— — — — — — 1,649 1,636 — — — 3,285 
Other— — — 43 — — — — — 53 
Total consumer loans— — — 43 — — 5,238 1,636 — 6,927 
Commercial and industrial— — — — — — — — — 2,162 112 2,274 
Construction— — — — — — 15 — — — — 15 
Agriculture production— — — — — — — — — — — — 
Leases— — — — — — — — — — 
Total$2,591 $1,253 $1,545 $7,315 $4,458 $1,027 $5,253 $1,636 $$2,162 $117 $27,362 
76TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of PNCI loans were TDRs and classified as impaired. The Company had no obligations to lend additional funds on these TDRs as of December 31, 2017.

At December 31, 2016, $12,371,000 of Originated loans were TDRs and classified as impaired. The Company had obligations to lend $25,000 of additional funds on these TDRs as of December 31, 2016. At December 31, 2016, $1,324,000 of PNCI loans were TDRs and classified as impaired. The Company had no obligations to lend additional funds on these TDRs as of December 31, 2016.

At December 31, 2015, $29,269,000 of Originated loans were TDRs and classified as impaired. The Company had obligations to lend $35,000 of additional funds on these TDRs as of December 31, 2015. At December 31, 2015, $1,396,000 of PNCI loans were TDRs and classified as impaired. The Company had no obligations to lend additional funds on these TDRs as of December 31, 2015.

Contents


The following tables show certain information regarding Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs) that occurred during the periods indicated:

   TDR Information for the Year Ended December 31, 2017 
   RE Mortgage  Home Equity  Auto   Other       Construction     
(dollars in thousands)  Resid.   Comm.  Lines  Loans  Indirect   Consum.   C&I   Resid.   Comm.   Total 

Number

   1    8   3   1   —      1    11    1    —      26 

Pre-mod outstanding principal balance

  $939   $3,721  $187  $252   —     $14   $1,854   $144    —     $7,111 

Post-mod outstanding principal balance

  $939   $3,695  $187  $252   —     $14   $1,747   $144    —     $6,978 

Financial impact due to

                 

TDR taken as additional provision

  $169   $(111 $27   —     —     $11   $37    —      —     $133 

Number that defaulted during the period

   2    1   1   1   —      —      —      —      —      5 

Recorded investment of TDRs that subsequently defaulted during the 12 month period after modification

  $223   $219  $127  $55   —      —      —      —      —     $624 

Financial impact due to the default of previous

                 

TDR taken as charge-offs or additional provisions

   —      —    $(5  —     —      —      —      —      —     $(5
   TDR Information for the Year Ended December 31, 2016 
   RE Mortgage  Home Equity  Auto   Other       Construction     
(dollars in thousands)  Resid.   Comm.  Lines  Loans  Indirect   Consum.   C&I   Resid.   Comm.   Total 

Number

   3    5   9   1   —      2    4    —      —      24 

Pre-mod outstanding principal balance

  $650   $423  $707  $105   —     $27   $77    —      —     $1,989 

Post-mod outstanding principal balance

  $656   $461  $709  $105   —     $27   $77    —      —     $2,035 

Financial impact due to

                 

TDR taken as additional provision

  $50   $46  $205   —     —     $2   $23    —      —     $326 

Number that defaulted during the period

   2    —     1   —     —      —      —      —      —      3 

Recorded investment of TDRs that subsequently defaulted during the 12 month period after modification

  $101    —    $229   —     —      —      —      —      —     $330 

Financial impact due to the default of previous

                 

TDR taken as charge-offs or additional provisions

   —      —     —     —     —      —      —      —      —      —   
   TDR Information for the Year Ended December 31, 2015 
   RE Mortgage  Home Equity  Auto   Other       Construction     
(dollars in thousands)  Resid.   Comm.  Lines  Loans  Indirect   Consum.   C&I   Resid.   Comm.   Total 

Number

   4    5   2   2   —      2    8    —      —      23 

Pre-mod outstanding principal balance

  $800   $1,518  $301  $315   —     $89   $956    —      —     $3,979 

Post-mod outstanding principal balance

  $801   $1,517  $301  $321   —     $89   $944    —      —     $3,973 

Financial impact due to TDR taken as additional provision

  $8   $(5  —    $38    $5   $405    —      —     $451 

Number that defaulted during the period

   4    2   3   1   —      —      —      —      —      10 

Recorded investment of TDRs that subsequently defaulted during the 12 month period after modification

  $221   $280  $182  $53   —      —      —      —      —     $736 

Financial impact due to the default of previous TDR taken as charge-offs or additional provisions

   —      —     —    $(9  —      —      —      —      —     $(9

Modifications classified as Troubled Debt RestructuringsTDRs can include one or a combination of the following: rate modifications, term extensions, interest only modifications, either temporary or long-term, payment modifications, and collateral substitutions/additions.

78


TDR information for the year ended December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)NumberPre-mod
outstanding
principal
balance
Post-mod
outstanding
principal
balance
Financial
impact due to
TDR taken as
additional
provision
Number that
defaulted during
the period
Recorded
investment of
TDRs that
defaulted during
the period
Financial impact
due to the
default of
previous TDR
taken as charge-
offs or additional
provisions
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied— $— $— $— — $— $— 
CRE owner occupied— 130 — — — — 
Multifamily— — — — — — — 
Farmland1,228 1,440 — — — — 
Total commercial real estate loans1,228 1,570 — — — — 
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens— — — — — — — 
SFR HELOCs and junior liens— — — — 146 — 
Other— — — — — — — 
Total consumer loans— — — — 146 — 
Commercial and industrial39 39 — 22 — 
Construction— — — — — — — 
Agriculture production7,210 7,210 — — — — 
Leases— — — — — — — 
Total$8,477 $8,819 $— $168 $— 

TDR information for the year ended December 31, 2021
(dollars in thousands)NumberPre-mod
outstanding
principal
balance
Post-mod
outstanding
principal
balance
Financial
impact due to
TDR taken as
additional
provision
Number that
defaulted during
the period
Recorded
investment of
TDRs that
defaulted during
the period
Financial impact
due to the
default of
previous TDR
taken as charge-
offs or additional
provisions
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied$4,966 $4,956 $1,020 — $— $— 
CRE owner occupied740 742 742 — — — 
Multifamily— — — — — — — 
Farmland701 703 50 847 — 
Total commercial real estate loans6,407 6,401 1,812 847 — 
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens— — — — — — — 
SFR HELOCs and junior liens200 247 — — — — 
Other— — — — — — — 
Total consumer loans200 247 — — — — 
Commercial and industrial2,476 2,468 709 260 (5)
Construction— — — — — — — 
Agriculture production— — — — — — — 
Leases— — — — ��� — — 
Total16 $9,083 $9,116 $2,521 $1,107 $(5)

77TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Note 5 – Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

Table of Contents
TDR information for the year ended December 31, 2020
(in thousands)NumberPre-mod
outstanding
principal
balance
Post-mod
outstanding
principal
balance
Financial
impact due to
TDR taken as
additional
provision
Number that
defaulted during
the period
Recorded
investment of
TDRs that
defaulted during
the period
Financial impact
due to the
default of
previous TDR
taken as charge-
offs or additional
provisions
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied$319 $314 $314 $141 $— 
CRE owner occupied1,847 1,877 67 950 — 
Multifamily— — — — — — — 
Farmland1,566 1,636 — 451 — 
Total commercial real estate loans10 3,732 3,827 381 1,542 — 
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens— — — — 1,180 — 
SFR HELOCs and junior liens172 169 — 140 (90)
Other— — — — — — — 
Total consumer loans172 169 — 1,320 (90)
Commercial and industrial2,106 2,078 90 — — — 
Construction— — — — — — — 
Agriculture production— — — — — — — 
Leases— — — — — — — 
Total18 $6,010 $6,074 $471 $2,862 $(90)
For all new Troubled Debt Restructurings,TDRs, an impairment analysis is conducted. If the loan is determined to be collateral dependent, any additional amount of impairment will be calculated based on the difference between estimated collectible value and the current carrying balance of the loan. This difference could result in an increased provision and is typically charged off. If the asset is determined not to be collateral dependent, the impairment is measured on the net present value difference between the expected cash flows of the restructured loan and the cash flows which would have been received under the original terms. The effect of this could result in a requirement for additional provision to the reserve. The effect of these required provisions for the period are indicated above.

Typically if a TDR defaults during the period, the loan is then considered collateral dependent and, if it was not already considered collateral dependent, an appropriate provision will be reserved or charge will be taken. The additional provisions required resulting from default of previously modified TDR’s are noted above.

Note 6 – Foreclosed Assets

Real Estate Owned

A summary of the activity in the balance of foreclosed assets follows (dollars in thousands):

   Year ended December 31, 2017   Year ended December 31, 2016 
   Noncovered   Covered   Total   Noncovered   Covered   Total 

Beginning balance, net

  $3,763   $223   $3,986   $5,369    —     $5,369 

Additions/transfers from loans

   1,563    —      1,563    2,282   $223    2,505 

Dispositions/sales

   (1,938  $(223   (2,161   (3,748   —      (3,748

Valuation adjustments

   (162   —      (162   (140   —      (140
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance, net

  $3,226    —     $3,226   $3,763   $223   $3,986 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending valuation allowance

  $(200   —     $(200  $(314   —     $(314
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending number of foreclosed assets

   16    —      16    14    1    15 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Proceeds from sale of foreclosed assets

  $2,656   $216   $2,872   $4,010    —     $4,010 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gain on sale of foreclosed assets

  $718   $(7  $711   $262    —     $262 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

real estate owned follows:
Year ended December 31,
(in thousands)20222021
Beginning balance, net$2,594 $2,844 
Additions/transfers from loans1,349 1,052 
Dispositions/sales(707)(1,458)
Valuation adjustments203 156 
Ending balance, net$3,439 $2,594 
Ending valuation allowance$(113)$(9)
Ending number of foreclosed assets
Proceeds from sale of real estate owned$873 $1,526 
Gain on sale of real estate owned$166 $233 

At December 31, 2017,2022, the balance of real estate owned includes $1,186,000 of8 foreclosed residential real estate properties and one land property recorded as a result of obtaining physical possession of the property. At December 31, 2017, the recorded investment of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential2022, there were no real estate properties for whichwith formal foreclosure proceedings are underway is $178,000.

underway.


78TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
Note 7 – Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment were comprised of:

   December 31,
2017
   December 31,
2016
 
   (In thousands) 

Land & land improvements

  $9,959   $9,522 

Buildings

   50,340    42,345 

Furniture and equipment

   35,939    31,428 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   96,238    83,295 

Less: Accumulated depreciation

   (40,644   (37,412
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   55,594    45,883 

Construction in progress

   2,148    2,523 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total premises and equipment

  $57,742   $48,406 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 As of December 31,
(in thousands)20222021
Land and land improvements$25,899 $29,002 
Buildings64,018 64,382 
Furniture and equipment42,850 42,305 
132,767 135,689 
Less: Accumulated depreciation(61,657)(58,401)
71,110 77,288 
Construction in progress1,217 1,399 
Total premises and equipment$72,327 $78,687 

Depreciation expense for premises and equipment amounted to $5,686,000, $5,314,000,$5,676,000, $5,936,000, and $5,043,000 in 2017, 2016,$6,100,000 during the years ended 2022, 2021, and 2015,2020, respectively.

79


Note 8 – Cash Value of Life Insurance

A summary of the activity in the balance of cash value of life insurance follows (dollars in thousands):

   Year ended December 31, 
   2017   2016 

Beginning balance

  $95,912   $94,560 

Increase in cash value of life insurance

   2,685    2,717 

Death benefit receivable in excess of cash value

   108    238 

Death benefit receivable

   (922   (1,603
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance

  $97,783   $95,912 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

End of period death benefit

  $165,587   $165,669 

Number of policies owned

   182    185 

Insurance companies used

   14    14 

Current and former employees and directors covered

   57    58 

As of December 31, 2017, the Bank was the owner and beneficiary of 182 life insurance policies, issued by 14 life insurance companies, covering 57 current and former employees and directors. These life insurance policies are recorded on the Company’s financial statements at their reported cash (surrender) values. As a result of current tax law and the nature of these policies, the Bank records any increase in cash value of these policies as nontaxable noninterest income. If the Bank decided to surrender any of the policies prior to the death of the insured, such surrender may result in a tax expense related to thelife-to-date cumulative increase in cash value of the policy. If the Bank retains such policies until the death of the insured, the Bank would receive nontaxable proceeds from the insurance company equal to the death benefit of the policies. The Bank has entered into Joint Beneficiary Agreements (JBAs) with certain of the insured that for certain of the policies provide some level of sharing of the death benefit, less the cash surrender value, among the Bank and the beneficiaries of the insured upon the receipt of death benefits. See Note 15 of these consolidated financial statements for additional information on JBAs.

follows:
 Year ended December 31,
(in thousands)20222021
Beginning balance$117,857 $118,870 
Acquired policies from business combination13,609 — 
Increase in cash value of life insurance2,858 2,775 
Gain on death benefit309 702 
Insurance proceeds receivable reclassified to other assets(891)(4,490)
Ending balance$133,742 $117,857 
End of period death benefit$223,427 $193,318 
Number of policies owned216 176 
Insurance companies used14 14 
Current and former employees and directors covered79 59 


Note 9 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following table summarizes the Company’s goodwill intangible as of the dates indicated:

   December 31,           December 31, 
(Dollar in Thousands)  2017   Additions   Reductions   2016 

Goodwill

  $64,311    —      —     $64,311 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(in thousands)December 31,
2022
AdditionsReductionsDecember 31,
2021
Goodwill$304,442 $83,570 $— $220,872 

Impairment exists when a Company’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually. At September 30, 2022, the Company had positive equity and the Company elected to perform a qualitative assessment to determine if it was more likely than not that the fair value of the Company exceeded its carrying value, including goodwill. The qualitative assessment indicated that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, resulting in no impairment. For each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2022, there were no impairment charges recognized.
79TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
The following table summarizes the Company’s core deposit intangibles (“CDI”) as of the dates indicated:

   December 31,      Reductions/  Fully  December 31, 
(Dollar in Thousands)  2017  Additions   Amortization  Depreciated  2016 

Core deposit intangibles

  $9,558   —      —    $(562 $10,120 

Accumulated amortization

   (4,384  —     $(1,389 $562   (3,557
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Core deposit intangibles, net

  $5,174   —     $(1,389  —    $6,563 
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(in thousands)December 31,
2022
December 31,
2021
Core deposit intangibles, gross$36,265 $37,725 
Fully amortized portion(8,074)(1,460)
Acquisition of VRB10,635 — 
Core deposit intangibles, gross ending balance38,826 36,265 
Accumulated amortization, gross(23,896)(19,891)
Fully amortized portion8,074 1,460 
Amortization expense(6,334)(5,465)
Accumulated amortization, gross ending balance(22,156)(23,896)
 Core deposit intangible, net$16,670$12,369

The CompanyCompany's remaining CDI balance of $16,670,000 as of December 31, 2022 reflects balances recorded additions to its CDI offrom the VRB acquisition on March 25, 2022 totaling $10,635,000, the FNBB acquisition on July 6, 2018 totaling $2,046,000, in conjunction withand the acquisition of three branch offices from Bank of America on March 18, 2016 $6,614,000 in conjunction with the North Valley Bancorp acquisition on October 3, 2014, $898,000 in conjunction with the Citizens acquisition on September 23, 2011, and $562,000 in conjunction with the Granite acquisition on May 28, 2010.totaling $6,614,000. The following table summarizes the Company’s estimated core deposit intangible amortization (dollars in thousands):

   Estimated Core Deposit 

Years Ended

  Intangible Amortization 

2018

  $1,324 

2019

   1,228 

2020

   1,228 

2021

   969 

2022

   280 

Thereafter

   145 

80


Years EndedEstimated CDI Amortization
2023$6,118 
20244,120 
20251,961 
20261,527 
20271,008 
Thereafter1,936 
$16,670 


Note 10 – Mortgage Servicing Rights

The following tables summarize the activity in, and the main assumptions we used to determine the fair value of mortgage servicing rights for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

   Years ended December 31, 
   2017  2016  2015 

Balance at beginning of period

  $6,595  $7,618  $7,378 

Acquisition

   —     —     —   

Originations

   810   1,161   941 

Change in fair value

   (718  (2,184  (701
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at end of period

  $6,687  $6,595  $7,618 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Contractually specified servicing fees, late fees and ancillary fees earned

  $2,076  $2,065  $2,164 

Balance of loans serviced at:

    

Beginning of period

  $816,623  $817,917  $840,288 

End of period

  $811,065  $816,623  $817,917 

Weighted-average prepayment speed (CPR)

   8.9  8.8  9.8

Weighted-average discount rate

   13.0  14.0  10.0

(in thousands)Year ended December 31,
202220212020
Balance at beginning of period$5,874 $5,092 $6,200 
Additions537 1,654 1,526 
Change in fair value301 (872)(2,634)
Balance at end of period$6,712 $5,874 $5,092 
Contractually specified servicing fees, late fees and ancillary fees earned$1,887 $1,881 $1,855 
Balance of loans serviced at:
Beginning of period$770,299 $779,530 $767,662 
End of period$739,919 $770,299 $779,530 
Period end:
Weighted-average prepayment speed (CPR)127.0 %208.0 %294.0 %
Weighted-average expected life (years)7.65.74.5
Weighted-average discount rate12.0 %12.0 %12.0 %

The changes in fair value of MSRs during 20172022 were primarily due to changes in investor required rate of return, or discount rate,mortgage prepayment speeds and expected life estimates of the MSRs. The changes in fair value of MSRs during 20162021 were primarily due to changes in principal balances, changes inbalance and mortgage prepayment speeds and changes in investor required rate of return, or discount rate, of the MSRs. The changes in fair value of MSRs that occurred during 20152020 were primarily due to changes in principal balances and changes in estimate lifeinvestor require rate of return, or discount rate, of the MSRs.


80TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
Note 11 – Indemnification Asset

A summary- Leases

The following table presents the components of lease expense for the periods indicated:
Year ended December 31,
(in thousands)20222021
Operating lease cost$5,725 $5,201 
Short-term lease cost283 241 
Variable lease cost26 11 
Sublease income— (24)
Total lease cost$6,034 $5,429 
The following table presents supplemental cash flow information related to leases as of the activity inperiods ended:
Year ended December 31,
(in thousands)20222021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases$5,904 $4,964 
ROUA obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities$6,149 $2,883 
The following table presents the balanceweighted average operating lease term and discount rate as of indemnification asset (liability) included in other assets isthe periods ended:
Year ended December 31,
20222021
Weighted-average remaining lease term8.3 years9.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate3.0 %2.9 %
At December 31, 2022, future expected operating lease payments are as follows (in thousands):

   Year ended December 31, 
   2017   2016   2015 

Beginning balance

  $(744  $(521  $(349

Effect of actual covered losses (recoveries) and increase (decrease) in estimated future covered losses

   (192   (412   (93

Change in estimated “true up” liability

   (32   (86   (71

Reimbursable expenses, net

   —      2    4 

Payments made (received)

   256    273    (12

Gain on termination of loss share agreement

   712    —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance

   —     $(744  $(521
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Amount of indemnification asset (liability) recorded in other assets

   —     $(60  $77 

Amount of indemnification liability recorded in other liabilities

   —      (684   (598
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance

   —     $(744  $(521
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

During May 2015, the indemnification portion of the Company’s agreement with the FDIC related to the Company’s acquisition of certain nonresidential real estate loans of Granite in May 2010 expired. The indemnification portion of the Company’s agreement with the FDIC related to the Company’s acquisition of certain residential real estate loans of Granite in May 2010 was set to expire in May 2018. The agreement specified that recoveries of losses that are claimed by the Company and indemnified by the FDIC under the agreement that are recovered by the Company through May 2020 are to be shared with the FDIC in the same proportion as they were indemnified by the FDIC. In addition, the agreement specified that at the end of the agreement in May 2020, to the extent that total claimed losses plus servicing expenses, net of recoveries, claimed under the agreement over the entire ten year period of the agreement did not meet a certain threshold, the Company would have been required to pay to the FDIC a “true up” amount equal to fifty percent of the difference of the threshold and actual claimed losses plus servicing expenses, net of recoveries. On May 9, 2017, the Company and the FDIC terminated their loss sharing agreements. As part of the termination agreement, the Company paid the FDIC $184,000, and recorded a $712,000 gain representing the difference between the Company’s payment to the FDIC and the recorded payable balance on May 9, 2017.

81


Periods ending December 31,
2023$5,522 
20245,169 
20254,589 
20264,105 
20273,400 
Thereafter10,477 
33,262 
Discount for present value of expected cash flows(4,258)
Lease liability at December 31, 2022$29,004 


Note 12 – Other Assets

Other assets were comprised of (in thousands):

   As of December 31, 
   2017   2016 

Deferred tax asset, net (Note 22)

  $21,697   $36,199 

Prepaid expense

   4,111    3,045 

Software

   1,126    2,039 

Advanced compensation

   16    249 

Capital Trusts

   1,706    1,702 

Investment in Low Housing Tax Credit Funds

   16,854    18,465 

Life insurance proceeds receivable

   2,242    2,120 

Prepaid Taxes

   4,754    6,460 

Premises held for sale

   —      2,896 

Miscellaneous other assets

   2,545    1,568 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other assets

  $55,051   $74,743 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note 13 – Deposits

A summary of the balances of deposits follows (in thousands):

   December 31, 
   2017   2016 

Noninterest-bearing demand

  $1,368,218   $1,275,745 

Interest-bearing demand

   971,459    887,625 

Savings

   1,364,518    1,397,036 

Time certificates, over $250,000

   73,596    75,184 

Other time certificates

   231,340    259,970 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total deposits

  $4,009,131   $3,895,560 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Certificate of deposit balances of $50,000,000 from the State of California were included in time certificates over $250,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016. The Bank participates in a deposit program offered by the State of California whereby the State may make deposits at the Bank’s request subject to collateral and credit worthiness constraints. The negotiated rates on these State deposits are generally more favorable than other wholesale funding sources available to the Bank. follows:
(in thousands)December 31,
20222021
Noninterest-bearing demand$3,502,095 $2,979,882 
Interest-bearing demand1,718,541 1,568,682 
Savings2,884,378 2,520,959 
Time certificates, $250,000 and over46,350 44,652 
Other time certificates177,649 252,984 
Total deposits$8,329,013 $7,367,159 

Overdrawn deposit balances of $1,366,000$1,766,000 and $1,191,000$2,324,000 were classified as consumer loans at December 31, 20172022 and 2016,2021, respectively.

81TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
At December 31, 2017,2022, the scheduled maturities of time deposits were as follows (in thousands):

   Scheduled 
   Maturities 

2018

  

2019

  $250,277 

2020

   23,577 

2021

   17,699 

2020

   8,887 

Thereafter

   4,496 
  

 

 

 

Total

  $304,936 
  

 

 

 

Scheduled
Maturities
2023$164,107 
202427,881 
202522,598 
20267,257 
20272,156 
Thereafter— 
Total$223,999 

Note 14 – Reserve for Unfunded Commitments

The following tables summarize the activity in reserve for unfunded commitments for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

   Years ended December 31, 
   2017   2016   2015 

Balance at beginning of period

  $2,719   $2,475   $2,145 

Provision for losses – Unfunded commitments

   445    244    330 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at end of period

  $3,164   $2,719   $2,475 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

82


Note 1513 – Other Liabilities

Other liabilities were comprised of (in thousands):

   December 31, 
   2017   2016 

Deferred compensation

  $6,605   $6,525 

Pension liability

   28,472    26,645 

Joint beneficiary agreements

   3,365    3,007 

Low income housing tax credit fund commitments

   8,554    15,176 

Accrued salaries and benefits expense

   6,619    5,704 

Loan escrow and servicing payable

   1,958    2,146 

Deferred revenue

   1,228    726 

Litigation contingency

   1,450    1,450 

Miscellaneous other liabilities

   5,007    5,985 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other liabilities

  $63,258   $67,364 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note 16 – Other Borrowings

A summary of the balances of other borrowings follows:

   December 31, 
   2017   2016 
   (in thousands) 

FHLB collateralized borrowing, fixed rate, as of December 31, 2017 of 1.38%, payable on January 2, 2018

  $104,729    —   

Other collateralized borrowings, fixed rate, as of December 31, 2017 of 0.05%, payable on January 2, 2018

   17,437   $17,493 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other borrowings

  $122,166   $17,493 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The
December 31,
20222021
(in thousands)
Overnight borrowing at FHLB, fixed rate, as of December 31, 2022 of 4.65%, payable on January 3, 2023$216,700 $— 
Other collateralized borrowings, fixed rate, as of December 31, 2022 and 2020 of 0.05%, payable on January 3, 2023 and January 3, 2022, respectively47,905 50,087 
Total other borrowings$264,605 $50,087 

Other collateralized borrowings are generally overnight maturity borrowings from non-financial institutions that are collateralized by securities owned by the Company. As of December 31, 2022, the Company did not enter into anyhas pledged as collateral and sold under agreements to repurchase investment securities with fair value of $47,905,000 under these other borrowings or repurchase agreements during 2017 or 2016.

collateralized borrowings.

The Company maintains a collateralized line of credit with the FHLB. Based on the FHLB stock requirements at December 31, 2017,2022, this line provided for maximum borrowings of $1,365,325,000$2,485,905,000 of which $104,729,000$216,700,000 was outstanding, leaving $1,260,596,000 available.outstanding. As of December 31, 2017,2022, the Company had designated investment securities with a fair value of $67,325,000$80,187,000 and loans with unpaid principal balances totaling $1,992,980,000$4,389,161,000 as potential collateral under this collateralized line of credit with the FHLB.

The Company had $17,437,000 and $17,493,000 of other collateralized borrowings at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Other collateralized borrowings are generally overnight maturity borrowings fromnon-financial institutions that are collateralized by securities owned by the Company. As of December 31, 2017, the Company has pledged as collateral and sold under agreements to repurchase investment securities with fair value of $33,531,000 under these other collateralized borrowings.

The Company maintains a collateralized line of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (“FRB”). As of December 31, 2017,2022, this line provided for maximum borrowings of $134,660,000$299,689,000 of which none was outstanding, leaving $134,660,000 available.outstanding. As of December 31, 2017,2022, the Company has designated investment securities with fair value of $17,000$5,000 and loans with unpaid principal balances totaling $245,532,000$424,946,000 as potential collateral under this collateralized line of credit with the FRB.

The Company has available unused correspondent banking lines of credit from commercial banks totaling $20,000,000$30,000,000 for federal funds transactions at December 31, 2017.

2022.

Note 1714 – Junior Subordinated Debt

At December 31, 2017,2022, the Company had five wholly-owned subsidiary business trusts that had issued $62.9$63.0 million of trust preferred securities (the “Capital Trusts”). Trust preferred securities accrue and pay distributions periodically at specified annual rates as provided in the indentures. The trusts used the net proceeds from the offering to purchase a like amount of subordinated debentures (the “Debentures”) of the Company. The Debentures are the sole assets of the trusts. The Company’s obligations under the subordinated debentures and related documents, taken together, constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of the obligations of the trusts. The trust preferred securities are mandatorily redeemable upon the maturity of the Debentures, or upon earlier redemption as provided in the indentures. The Company has the right to redeem the Debentures in whole (but not in part) on or after specific dates, at a redemption price specified in the indentures plus any accrued but unpaid interest to the redemption date. The Company also has a right to defer consecutive payments of interest on the debentures for up to five years.

The Company organized two of the Capital Trusts. The Company acquired its three other Capital Trusts and assumed their related Debentures as a result of its acquisition of North Valley Bancorp. At the acquisition date of October 3, 2014, theBancorp in 2014. The acquired Debentures associated with North Valley Bancorp’s three Capital Trusts were recorded on the Company’s books at their fair values of $5,006,000, $3,918,000, and $6,063,000, respectively.on the acquisition date. The related fair value discounts to face value of these Debentures will be amortized over the remaining timeperiod in which their values are fully allowed to maturity for each of these Debenturesbe included in the Company's capital ratio calculations using the effective interest method. Similar, and proportional, discounts were applied to the acquired common stock interests in each of the acquired Capital Trusts and these discounts will be proportionally amortized over the remaining time to maturity for each related debenture.

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Note 17 – Junior Subordinated Debt (continued)

The recorded book values of the Debentures issued by the Capital Trusts are reflected as junior subordinated debt in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The common stock issued by the Capital Trusts and owned by the Company is recorded in other assets in the
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Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The recorded book value of the debentures issued by the Capital Trusts, less the recorded book value of the common stock of the Capital Trusts owned by the Company continueswill continue to qualify as Tier 1 or Tier 2 capital under interim guidance issued by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

System until only five years remain until their scheduled maturity.

In connection with the acquisition of Valley Republic Bancorp the Company assumed $36.0 million in subordinated capital notes, comprised of $16.0 million that matures in 2029 and $20.0 million that matures in 2035. The notes that mature in 2029 provide for quarterly interest payments at a fixed rate of 6.00% until March 29, 2024 and then will have a floating rate of three month LIBOR plus 3.52% until maturity. The notes that mature in 2035 provide for quarterly interest payments at a fixed rate of 5.00% until August 27, 2025 and then will have a floating rate of 90-day average SOFR plus 4.90% until maturity. The acquired subordinated capital notes were recorded on the Company’s books at their fair values on the acquisition date. The related fair value premiums to face value will be amortized over the remaining maturity period using the effective interest method. The Company expects a comparable SOFR rate term to replace LIBOR as the benchmark rate index for applicable debentures in 2024.
The following table summarizes the terms and recorded balance of each subordinated debenture as of the date indicated (dollars in thousands):

         Coupon Rate  

As of December 31, 2017

 
Subordinated  Maturity  

Face

  (Variable)  Current  Recorded 

Debt Series

  

Date

  

Value

  

3 mo. LIBOR +

  

Coupon Rate

  Book Value 

TriCo Cap Trust I

  10/7/2033  $20,619  3.05%  4.41%  $20,619 

TriCo Cap Trust II

  7/23/2034  20,619  2.55%  3.91%   20,619 

North Valley Trust II

  4/24/2033  6,186  3.25%  4.63%   5,135 

North Valley Trust III

  4/24/2034  5,155  2.80%  4.16%   4,041 

North Valley Trust IV

  3/15/2036  10,310  1.33%  2.92%   6,444 
    

 

      

 

 

 
    $62,889      $56,858 
    

 

      

 

 

 

   Coupon Rate
(Variable) 3 mo. LIBOR +
As of December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Subordinated Debt SeriesMaturity
Date
Face
Value
Current
Coupon Rate
Recorded
Book Value
Recorded
Book Value
TriCo Cap Trust I10/7/2033$20,619 3.05 %7.13 %$20,619 $20,619 
TriCo Cap Trust II7/23/203420,619 2.55 %6.87 %20,619 20,619 
North Valley Trust II4/24/20336,186 3.25 %7.69 %5,503 5,403 
North Valley Trust III7/23/20345,155 2.80 %7.12 %4,383 4,291 
North Valley Trust IV3/15/203610,310 1.33 %6.10 %7,393 7,147 
VRB Subordinated - 6%3/29/202916,000 Fixed6.00 %17,187 — 
VRB Subordinated - 5%8/27/203520,000 Fixed5.00 %25,336 — 
$98,889 $101,040 $58,079 


Note 1815 – Commitments and Contingencies

Restricted Cash Balances— Reserves (in the form of deposits with the San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank) of $82,068,000 and $78,183,000 were not required to be maintained to satisfy Federal regulatory requirements atas of December 31, 20172022 and 2016. These reserves are included in cash and due from banks in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Lease Commitments— The Company leases 48 sites undernon-cancelable operating leases. The leases contain various provisions for increases in rental rates, based either on changes in the published Consumer Price Index or a predetermined escalation schedule. Substantially all of the leases provide the Company with the option to extend the lease term one or more times following expiration of the initial term. The Company currently does not have any capital leases. At December 31, 2017, future minimum commitments undernon-cancelable operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more are as follows:

   Operating Leases 
   (in thousands) 

2018

  $3,278 

2019

   2,499 

2020

   1,847 

2021

   1,488 

2022

   757 

Thereafter

   798 
  

 

 

 

Future minimum lease payments

  $10,667 
  

 

 

 

Rent expense under operating leases was $5,885,000 in 2017, $6,082,000 in 2016, and $6,241,000 in 2015. Rent expense was offset by rent income of $44,000 in 2017, $220,000 in 2016, and $217,000 in 2015.

2021.

Financial Instruments withOff-Balance-Sheet Risk— The Company is a party to financial instruments withoff-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, and deposit account overdraft privilege. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet. The contract amounts of those instruments reflect the extent of involvement the Company has in particular classes of financial instruments.

The Company’s exposure to loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit written is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does foron-balance sheet instruments. The Company��sCompany’s exposure to loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for deposit account overdraft privilege is represented by the overdraft privilege amount disclosed to the deposit account holder.

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Note 18 – Commitments and Contingencies (continued)

The following table presents a summary of the Bank’s commitments and contingent liabilities:

(in thousands)

  December 31,
2017
   December 31,
2016
 

Financial instruments whose amounts represent risk:

    

Commitments to extend credit:

    

Commercial loans

  $257,220   $220,836 

Consumer loans

   422,958    406,855 

Real estate mortgage loans

   66,267    42,184 

Real estate construction loans

   187,097    97,399 

Standby letters of credit

   13,075    12,763 

Deposit account overdraft privilege

   98,260    98,583 

December 31,
(in thousands)20222021
Financial instruments whose amounts represent risk:
Commitments to extend credit:
Commercial loans$656,705 $409,950 
Consumer loans760,588 628,791 
Real estate mortgage loans458,896 333,764 
Real estate construction loans312,371 213,563 
Standby letters of credit26,599 21,871 
Deposit account overdraft privilege126,634 125,670 

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Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates of one year or less or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s credit worthiness on acase-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on Management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, residential properties, and income-producing commercial properties.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support private borrowing arrangements. Most standby letters of credit are issued for one year or less. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. Collateral requirements vary, but in general follow the requirements for other loan facilities.

Deposit account overdraft privilege amount represents the unused overdraft privilege balance available to the Company’s deposit account holders who have deposit accounts covered by an overdraft privilege. The Company has established an overdraft privilege for certain of its deposit account products whereby all holders of such accounts who bring their accounts to a positive balance at least once every thirty days receive the overdraft privilege. The overdraft privilege allows depositors to overdraft their deposit account up to a predetermined level. The predetermined overdraft limit is set by the Company based on account type.

Legal ProceedingsOn September 15, 2014, a former Personal Banker at one of the Bank’sin-store branches filed a Class Action Complaint against the Bank in Butte County Superior Court, alleging causes of action related to the observance of meal and rest periods and seeking to represent a class of current and former branch employees with the same or similar job duties, employed by the Bank within the State of California during the preceding four years. On or about June 25, 2015, Plaintiff filed an Amended Complaint expanding the class definition to include all current and formernon-exempt branch employees employed by the Bank within the State of California at any time during the period of September 15, 2010 to the entry of judgment. The Bank responded to the First Amended Complaint by denying the charges and the parties engaged in written discovery. The parties then engaged innon-binding mediation during the third quarter of 2016.

In addition to this, on January 20, 2015, a then-current Personal Banker at one of the Bank’sin-store branches filed a First Amended Complaint against the Bank and the Company in Sacramento County Superior Court, alleging causes of action related to wage statement violations. As part of the Complaint Plaintiff is seeking to represent a class of current and former exempt andnon-exempt employees who worked for the Company and/or the Bank during the time period of December 12, 2013 to the date of filing the action. The Company and the Bank responded to the First Amended Complaint by denying the charges and engaging in written discovery with Plaintiff. The parties then engaged innon-binding mediation of the action during the third quarter of 2016 as well. This matter was transferred to the Butte County Superior Court and consolidated with the case above, effective August 25, 2017.

As part of the mediations, which took place concurrently, the Bank agreed in principal to settle the two matters in a consolidated settlement proceeding. The agreement was preliminarily approved by the court and notices were sent to the members of the purported classes. After reviewing the received claims, on January 12, 2018, the final settlement agreement was approved by the court. The total cost to the bank was $1,469,000, as compared to the balance accrued for litigation contingencies as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 of $1,450,000.

Neither the Company nor its subsidiaries are a party to any other pending legal proceedings that are material, nor is their property the subject of any other material pending legal proceeding at this time. All other legal proceedings are routine and arise out of the ordinary course of the Bank’s business. None of those proceedings are currently expected to have a material adverse impact upon the Company’s and the Bank’s business, their consolidated financial position nor their operations in any material amount not already accrued, after taking into consideration any applicable insurance.

85


Note 18 – Commitments and Contingencies (continued)

Other Commitments and Contingencies—The Company has entered into employment agreements or change of control agreements with certain officers of the Company providing severance payments and accelerated vesting of benefits under supplemental retirement agreements to the officers in the event of a change in control of the Company and termination for other than cause or after a substantial and material change in the officer’s title, compensation or responsibilities.

The Bank owns 13,396 shares of Class B common stock of Visa Inc. which are convertible into Class A common stock at a conversion ratio of 1.6482651.5991 per Class B share. As of December 31, 2017,2022, the value of the Class A shares was $114.02$207.76 per share. Utilizing the conversion ratio, the value of unredeemed Class A equivalent shares owned by the Bank was $2,518,000$4,451,000 as of December 31, 2017,2022, and has not been reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The shares of Visa Class B common stock are restricted and may not be transferred. Visa Member Banks are required to fund an escrow account to cover settlements, resolution of pending litigation and related claims. If the funds in the escrow account are insufficient to settle all the covered litigation, Visa may sell additional Class A shares, use the proceeds to settle litigation, and further reduce the conversion ratio. If funds remain in the escrow account after all litigation is settled, the Class B conversion ratio will be increased to reflect that surplus.

Mortgage loans sold to investors may be sold with servicing rights retained, with only the standard legal representations and warranties regarding recourse to the Bank. Management believes that any liabilities that may result from such recourse provisions are not significant.

Note 1916 – Shareholders’ Equity

Dividends Paid

The Bank paid to the Company cash dividends in the aggregate amounts of $19,236,000, $16,758,000,$64,188,000, $31,571,000, and $13,304,000$63,419,000 in 2017, 2016,2022, 2021, and 2015,2020, respectively. The Bank is regulated by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)(“FDIC”) and the State of California Department of Business Oversight.Financial Protection & Innovation (the “DFPI”). Absent approval from the Commissioner of the Department of Business Oversight,DPFI, California banking laws generally limit the Bank’s ability to pay dividends to the lesser of (1) retained earnings or (2) net income for the last three fiscal years, less cash distributions paid during such period. Under this law, at December 31, 2017,2022, the Bank could have paid dividends of $85,254,000$157,036,000 to the Company without the approval of the Commissioner of the Department of Business Oversight.

DFPI.

Stock Repurchase Plan

On August 21, 2007,February 25, 2021 the Board of Directors adopted a planapproved the authorization to repurchase as conditions warrant, up to 500,0002,000,000 shares of the Company’sCompany's common stock on(the 2021 Repurchase Plan), which approximated 6.7% of the open market.shares outstanding as of the approval date. The actual timing of purchasesany share repurchases will be determined by the Company's management and therefore the exact numbertotal value of the shares to be purchased will depend on market conditions.under the program is subject to change. The 500,000 shares authorized for repurchase under this stock repurchase plan represented approximately 3.2% of the Company’s 15,814,662 outstanding common shares as of August 21, 2007. This stock repurchase plan2021 Repurchase Plan has no expiration date. Asdate (in accordance with applicable laws and regulations) and as of and for year ended December 31, 2017,2022, the Company had repurchased 166,600576,881 shares. The Company repurchased 63,317 shares under this plan. Duringduring the year ended December 31, 2017, there were no2021.
In connection with approval of the 2021 Repurchase Plan, the Company’s previous repurchase program adopted on November 12, 2019 (the 2019 Repurchase Plan) was terminated. Under the 2019 Repurchase Plan, during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 the Company had repurchased 223 and 858,717 shares, respectively.
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Contents

Stock Repurchased Under Equity Compensation Plans

The Company's shareholder-approved equity compensation plans permit employees to tender recently vested shares in lieu of cash for the payment of withholding taxes on such shares. During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016,2022, 2021, and 2015,2020, employees tendered 107,390, 264,800,39,447, 28,276, and 106,35512,488 shares, respectively, of the Company’sCompany's common stock in connection with market value of $3,854,000, $7,879,000,option exercises. Employees also tendered 27,840, 19,413 and $2,868,000, respectively,12,058 shares in lieu of cash to exercise options to purchaseconnection with other share based awards during December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. In total, shares of the Company’sCompany's common stock tendered had market values of $1,269,000, $2,118,000, and to pay income taxes related to such exercises as permitted by$736,000 for the Company’s shareholder-approved equity compensation plans.years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The tendered shares were retired. The market value of tendered shares is the last market trade price at closing on the day an option is exercised.exercised or the other share based award vests. Stock repurchased under equity incentive plans are not included in the total of stock repurchased under the stock repurchase plan announced August 21, 2007.

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2021 or 2019 Repurchase Plans.

Note 2017 – Stock Options and Other Equity-Based Incentive Instruments

In March 2009,April 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the TriCo Bancshares 20092019 Equity Incentive Plan (2009(2019 Plan) covering officers, employees, directors of, and consultants to, the Company. The 20092019 Plan was approved by the Company’s shareholders in May 2009.2019. The 20092019 Plan allows for the granting of the following types of “stock awards” (Awards):Company to issue equity-based incentives representing up to 1,500,000 shares, such as incentive stock options, nonstatutorynonqualified stock options, performance awards,stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock unit (RSU)units and performance awards (which could either be restricted stock or restricted stock units) (collectively, Awards). The 2019 Plan contains several enhanced corporate governance provisions, including: expressly providing that executives’ Awards and stock appreciation rights. RSUs that vest based solelycash incentive compensation are subject to TriCo’s potential clawback or recoupment if the Company must restate its financial statements; generally imposing a one year minimum vesting period on the grantee remaining in the serviceAwards; generally requiring participants to hold at least 50% of the Companyshares acquired under an Award for a certain amountat least one year; and clarifying that credit for dividends declared on shares of time, are referredcommon stock underlying an Award is subject to as “service conditionthe same vesting RSUs”. RSUs that vest based on the grantee remaining in the service of the Company for a certain amount of time and a market condition suchrequirements as the total return of the Company’s common stock versusunderlying the total return of an index of bank stocks, are referred to as “market plus service condition vesting RSUs”.    In May 2013, the Company’s shareholders approved an amendment to the 2009 Plan increasing the maximum aggregate number of shares of TriCo’s common stock which may be issued pursuant to or subject to Awards from 650,000 to 1,650,000. Award.
The number of shares available for issuance under the 20092019 Plan iswill be reduced by: (i) one share for each share of common stock issued pursuant to a stock option oroption; (ii) the total number of stock appreciation rights that are exercised, including any shares of common stock underlying such Awards that are not actually issued to the participant as the result of a Stock Appreciation Right and (ii)net settlement; (iii) two shares for each share of common stock issued pursuant to a performance award, a restricted share Award or an RSU Award and (iv) any shares of common stock awardused to pay any exercise price or a RSU.tax withholding obligation with respect to any Award. When Awards made under the 20092019 Plan expire or are forfeited or cancelled, the underlying shares will become available for future Awards under the 20092019 Plan. To the extent that a share of common stock pursuant to an Award that counted as two shares against the number of shares again becomes available for issuance under the 20092019 Plan, the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 20092019 Plan shallwill increase by two shares. If shares of common stock issued pursuant to the Plan are repurchased by, or are surrendered or forfeited to the Company at no more than cost, then such shares will again be available for the grant of Awards under the Plan. Any shares of common stock repurchased by the Company with cash proceeds from the exercise of options will not, however, be added back to the pool of share available for issuance under the 2019 Plan. Shares awarded and delivered under the 20092019 Plan may be authorized but unissued shares or reacquired shares. Shares tendered to TriCo or withheld from delivery to a participant as payment of the exercise price or in connection with the “net exercise” of a stock option or to satisfy TriCo’s tax withholding obligations will not again become available for future Awards under the 2019 Plan. As of December 31, 2017, 411,9002022, there were no outstanding options for the purchase of common shares and 121,286139,194 RSUs were outstanding, and 527,039outstanding. The number of shares that remain available for issuance is not more than 763,495, which could decrease based on the level of the Company's future performance and outcome of certain vesting requirements.
The 2019 Plan replaced the TriCo Bancshares 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (2009 Plan), which expired on March 26, 2019. As a result of its expiration, no further awards may be issued under the 2009 Plan.

In May 2001,Plan, though all awards under the Company adopted2009 Plan that were outstanding as of its expiration continue to be governed by the TriCo Bancshares 2001 Stock Option Plan (2001 Plan) covering officers, employees, directors of,terms, conditions and consultants to, the Company. Under the 2001 Plan, the option exercise price cannot be less than the fair market value of the Common Stock at the date of grant exceptprocedures set forth in the case of substitute options. Options for the 20012009 Plan expire on the tenth anniversary of the grant date. Vesting schedules under the 2001 Plan are determined individually for each grant.and any applicable award agreement. As of December 31, 2017, 34,5002022, 15,500 options for the purchase of common shares wereremain outstanding under the 20012009 Plan. As of May 2009, as a result of the shareholder approval of the 2009 Plan, no new options may be granted under the 2001 Plan.

Stock option activity is summarized in the following table for the dates indicated:

   Number of
Shares
   

Option Price

per Share

   Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 

Outstanding at December 31, 2016

   592,250   $12.63    to   $23.21   $17.12 

Options granted

   —      —      to    —      —   

Options exercised

   (145,850  $14.54    to   $22.54   $17.97 

Options forfeited

   —      —      to    —      —   

Outstanding at December 31, 2017

   446,400   $12.63    to   $23.21   $16.84 

Number of
Shares
Option Price
per Share
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Outstanding at January 1, 2021128,500 $14.54 to $23.21$17.72 
Options granted— — — 
Options exercised(49,675)$14.54 to $16.59$15.25 
Options forfeited— — — 
Outstanding at December 31, 202178,825 $15.34 to $23.21$19.28 
Options granted— — — 
Options exercised(63,325)$15.34 to $19.46$18.79 
Options forfeited— — — 
Outstanding at December 31, 202215,500 $19.46 to $23.21$21.27 

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The following table shows the number, weighted-average exercise price, intrinsic value, and weighted average remaining contractual life of options exercisable, options not yet exercisable and total options outstanding as of December 31, 2017:

   Currently
Exercisable
   Currently Not
Exercisable
   Total
Outstanding
 

Number of options

   422,100    24,300    446,400 

Weighted average exercise price

  $16.65   $20.21   $16.84 

Intrinsic value (in thousands)

  $8,953   $429   $9,382 

Weighted average remaining contractual term (yrs.)

   3.8    5.7    3.9 

The 24,3002022:
Currently
Exercisable
Currently Not
Exercisable
Total
Outstanding
Number of options15,500 — 15,500 
Weighted average exercise price$21.27 $— $21.27 
Intrinsic value (in thousands)$461 $— $461 
Weighted average remaining contractual term (yrs.)1 yearn/a1 year

All options that are currently not exercisableoutstanding as of December 31, 20172022 are expected to vest, on a weighted-average basis, over the next 0.7 years, and the Company is expected to recognize $108,000 ofpre-tax compensation costs related to these options as they vest.fully vested. The Company did not modify any option grants during 2017 or 2016.

the three year period ended December 31, 2022.

The following table shows the total intrinsic value of options exercised, the total fair value of options vested, total compensation costs for options recognized in income, and total tax benefit and excess tax benefits recognized in income related to compensation costs for options during the periods indicated:

   

Years Ended December 31,

 
   2017   2016   2015 

Intrinsic value of options exercised

  $2,657,000   $3,483,000   $969,000 

Fair value of options that vested

  $259,000   $580,000   $734,000 

Total compensation costs for options recognized in income

  $259,000   $580,000   $734,000 

Total tax benefit recognized in income related to compensation costs for options

  $109,000   $244,000   $380,000 

Excess tax benefit recognized in income

  $906,000    —      —   

During 2017, 2016

 Year Ended December 31,
 202220212020
Intrinsic value of options exercised$1,190,000 $1,476,000 $403,000 
Fair value of options that vested— — — 
Total compensation costs for options recognized in expense— — — 
Total tax benefit recognized in income related to compensation costs for options— — — 
Excess tax benefit recognized in income— — — 
There were no stock options granted during 2022, 2021 and 2015, the Company granted no options.

87


Note 20 – Stock Options and Other Equity-Based Incentive Instruments (continued)

2020, respectively.

Restricted stock unit (RSU) activity is summarized in the following table for the dates indicated:

   Service Condition Vesting RSUs   Market Plus Service Condition Vesting RSUs 
   Number
of RSUs
   Weighted
Average Fair
Value on
Date of Grant
   Number
of RSUs
   Weighted
Average Fair
Value on
Date of Grant
 

Outstanding at December 31, 2016

   68,450      47,426   

RSUs granted

   29,669    $35.36    17,939    $32.95 

Additional market plus service condition RSUs vested

       6,269   

RSUs added through dividend credits

   1,245      —     

RSUs released

   (30,896     (18,805  

RSUs forfeited/expired

   (11     —     

Outstanding at December 31, 2017

   68,457      52,829   

 Service Condition Vesting RSUsMarket Plus Service Condition
Vesting RSUs
 Number
of RSUs
Weighted Average
Fair Value on
Date of Grant
Number of
RSUs
Weighted Average
Fair Value on
Date of Grant
Outstanding at January 1, 2022
103,517 99,763 
RSUs granted84,278 $44.00 37,877 $40.74 
Additional market plus service condition RSUs vested— 4,740 
RSUs added through dividend credits2,896 — 
RSUs released through vesting(50,076)(26,338)
RSUs forfeited/expired(1,421)(1,561)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022139,194 114,481 

The 68,457139,194 of service condition vesting RSUs outstanding as of December 31, 20172022 include a feature whereby each RSU outstanding is credited with a dividend amount equal to any common stock cash dividend declared and paid, and the credited amount is divided by the closing price of the Company’s stock on the dividend payable date to arrive at an additional amount of RSUs outstanding under the original grant. The 68,457 of service conditionAdditional RSUs credited through dividends are subject to the same vesting RSUs outstandingrequirements as of December 31, 2017 are expected to vest, and be released, on a weighted-average basis, over the next 1.2 years.original grant. The Company expects to recognize $1,448,000$3,822,000 ofpre-tax compensation costs related to these service condition vesting RSUs between December 31, 20172022 and their vesting dates. The Company did not modify any service condition vesting RSUs during 20172022 or 2016.

The 52,829 of market plus service condition vesting RSUs outstanding as of December 31, 2017 are expected to vest, and be released, on a weighted-average basis, over the next 1.4 years. 2021.

The Company expects to recognize $724,000$2,110,000 ofpre-tax compensation costs related to thesethe market plus service condition RSUs between December 31, 20172022 and their vesting dates. As of December 31, 2017,2022, the number of market plus service condition vesting RSUs outstanding that will actually vest, and be released, may be reduced to zero or increased to 79,243171,721 depending on the total return of the Company’s common stock versus the total return of an index of bank stocks from the grant date to the vesting date. The Company did not modify any market plus service condition vesting RSUs during 20172022 or 2016.

2021.

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The following table shows the compensation costs and excess tax benefits for RSUs recognized in income for the periods indicated:

   

Year Ended December 31,

 
   2017   2016   2015 

Total compensation costs for RSUs recognized in income:

      

Service condition vesting RSUs

  $895,000   $616,000   $458,000 

Market plus service condition vesting RSUs

  $432,000   $271,000   $179,000 

88


 Year Ended December 31,
 202220212020
Total compensation costs recognized in income
Service condition vesting RSUs$2,883,000 $1,728,000 $1,390,000 
Market plus service condition vesting RSUs986,000 910,000 646,000 
Excess tax benefit recognized in income
Service condition vesting RSUs$1,079,000 $626,000 $372,000 
Market plus service condition vesting RSUs355,000 226,000 194,000 

Note 2118NoninterestNon-interest Income and Expense

The components of other noninterestnon-interest income were as follows (in thousands):

   Years Ended December 31, 
   2017   2016   2015 

Service charges on deposit accounts

  $16,056   $14,365   $14,276 

ATM and interchange fees

   16,727    15,859    13,364 

Other service fees

   3,282    3,121    2,977 

Mortgage banking service fees

   2,076    2,065    2,164 

Change in value of mortgage servicing rights

   (718   (2,184   (701
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total service charges and fees

   37,423    33,226    32,080 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gain on sale of loans

   3,109    4,037    3,064 

Commissions on sale ofnon-deposit investment products

   2,729    2,329    3,349 

Increase in cash value of life insurance

   2,685    2,717    2,786 

Gain on sale of investments

   961    —      —   

Lease brokerage income

   782    711    712 

Gain on sale of foreclosed assets

   711    262    991 

Change in indemnification asset

   490    (493   (207

Sale of customer checks

   372    408    492 

Life insurance benefit in excess of cash value

   108    238    155 

Loss on disposal of fixed assets

   (142   (147   (129

Other

   793    1,275    2,054 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other noninterest income

   12,598    11,337    13,267 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total noninterest income

  $50,021   $44,563   $45,347 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

follows:
 Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202220212020
ATM and interchange fees$26,767 $25,356 $21,660 
Service charges on deposit accounts16,536 14,013 13,944 
Other service fees4,274 3,570 3,156 
Mortgage banking service fees1,887 1,881 1,855 
Change in value of mortgage loan servicing rights301 (872)(2,634)
Total service charges and fees49,765 43,948 37,981 
Asset management and commission income3,986 3,668 2,989 
Increase in cash value of life insurance2,858 2,775 2,949 
Gain on sale of loans2,342 9,580 9,122 
Lease brokerage income820 746 668 
Sale of customer checks1,167 459 414 
Gain on sale of investment securities— — 
Gain (loss) on marketable equity securities(340)(86)64 
Other2,448 2,574 1,000 
Total other noninterest income13,281 19,716 17,213 
Total noninterest income$63,046 $63,664 $55,194 

Mortgage loanbanking servicing fees,fee income (expense), net of change in fair value of mortgage loan servicing rights, totaling $1,358,000, $(119,000),$2,188,000, $1,009,000, and $1,463,000$779,000 were recorded inwithin service charges and fees noninterest income for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016,2022, 2021, and 2015,2020, respectively.

87TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

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The components of noninterest expense were as follows (in thousands):

   Years Ended December 31, 
   2017   2016   2015 

Base salaries, net of deferred loan origination costs

  $54,589   $53,169   $46,822 

Incentive compensation

   9,227    8,872    6,964 

Benefits and other compensation costs

   19,114    18,683    17,619 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total salaries and benefits expense

   82,930    80,724    71,405 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Occupancy

   10,894    10,139    10,126 

Data processing and software

   10,448    8,846    7,670 

Equipment

   7,141    6,597    5,997 

ATM & POS network charges

   4,752    4,999    4,190 

Advertising

   4,101    3,829    3,992 

Professional fees

   3,745    5,409    4,545 

Telecommunications

   2,713    2,749    3,007 

Assessments

   1,676    2,105    2,572 

Operational losses

   1,394    1,564    737 

Intangible amortization

   1,389    1,377    1,157 

Postage

   1,296    1,603    1,296 

Courier service

   1,035    998    1,154 

Change in reserve for unfunded commitments

   445    244    330 

Foreclosed assets expense

   231    266    490 

Provision for foreclosed asset losses

   162    140    502 

Legal settlement

   —      1,450    —   

Merger & acquisition expense

   530    784    586 

Miscellaneous other

   12,142    12,174    11,085 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other noninterest expense

   64,094    65,273    59,436 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total noninterest expense

  $147,024   $145,997   $130,841 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Merger and acquisition expense:

      

Base salaries, net of loan origination costs

   —     $187    —   

Data processing and software

   —      —     $108 

Professional fees

  $513    342    120 

Other

   17    255    358 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total merger expense

  $530   $784   $586 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

89


follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202220212020
Base salaries, net of deferred loan origination costs$84,861 $69,844 $70,164 
Incentive compensation17,908 14,957 10,022 
Benefits and other compensation costs27,083 21,550 31,935 
Total salaries and benefits expense129,852 106,351 112,121 
Occupancy15,493 14,910 14,528 
Data processing and software14,660 13,985 13,504 
Equipment5,733 5,358 5,704 
ATM and POS network charges6,984 6,040 5,433 
Merger and acquisition expense6,253 1,523 — 
Advertising3,694 2,899 2,827 
Professional fees4,392 3,657 3,222 
Intangible amortization6,334 5,464 5,724 
Telecommunications2,298 2,253 2,601 
Regulatory assessments and insurance3,142 2,581 1,594 
Courier service2,013 1,214 1,414 
Operational losses1,000 964 1,168 
Postage1,147 710 1,068 
Gain on sale or acquisition of foreclosed assets(481)(233)(235)
(Gain) loss on disposal of fixed assets(1,070)(439)67 
Other miscellaneous expense15,201 11,038 12,018 
Total other noninterest expense86,793 71,924 70,637 
Total noninterest expense$216,645 $178,275 $182,758 

Note 2219 – Income Taxes

The components of consolidated income tax expense are as follows:

   2017   2016   2015 
       (in thousands)     

Current tax expense

      

Federal

  $17,835   $17,401   $21,076 

State

   6,650    7,121    7,139 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $24,485    24,522    28,215 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred tax expense

      

Federal

   11,418    2,735    408 

State

   1,055    455    273 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   12,473    3,190    681 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total tax expense

  $36,958   $27,712   $28,896 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

follows (in thousands):
 Year Ended December 31,
 202220212020
Current tax expense
Federal$34,155 $28,763 $22,104 
State22,355 18,221 14,586 
$56,510 46,984 36,690 
Deferred tax expense
Federal(5,224)(872)(9,500)
State(2,798)(64)(4,654)
(8,022)(936)(14,154)
Total tax expense$48,488 $46,048 $22,536 

A deferred tax asset or liability is recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences in the recognition of revenue and expense for financial and tax reporting purposes. The net change during the year in the deferred tax asset or liability results in a deferred tax expense or benefit.

On December 22, 2017, President Donald Trump signed into law “H.R.1”, commonly known as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”, which among other items reduces the Federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. The Company’s deferred tax expense as of December 31, 2017 includes $7,416,000 from there-measurement of deferred taxes and $226,000 from an acceleration of amortization expense on the low income housing tax credit investments.

Taxes recorded directly to shareholders’ equity are not included in the preceding table. These taxes relating to changes in unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans amounting to $400,000 in 2017, $429,000 in 2016, and $904,000 in 2015, taxes (benefits) related to unrealized gains and losses onavailable-for-sale investment securities amounting to $2,722,000 in 2017, $(4,631,000) in 2016, and $(797,000) in 2015, taxes (benefits) related to equity compensation of $0 in 2017, $(170,000) in 2016, and $(28,000) in 2015, were recorded directly to shareholders’ equity.

The Company recognized, as components of tax expense, tax credits and other tax benefits, and amortization expense relating to our investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects as followersfollows for the periods indicated:

             
Year ended December 31,  2017   2016   2015 
       (in thousands)     

Tax credits and other tax benefits – decrease in tax expense

  $(1,753  $(954  $(354

Amortization – increase in tax expense

  $1,611   $757   $277 

indicated (in thousands):
 Year Ended December 31,
 202220212020
Tax credits and other tax benefits – decrease in tax expense$(6,370)$(4,224)$(4,200)
Amortization – increase in tax expense$6,178 $3,604 $3,581 

The carrying value of Low Income Housing Tax Credit Funds was $16,854,000$90,956,000 and $18,465,000$41,295,000 as of December 31, 20172022 and 2016,2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2017,2022, the Company has committed to make additional capital contributions to the Low Income Housing Tax Credit Funds in the amount of $8,554,000,$65,285,000, and these contributions are expected to be made over the next several years.

88TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

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The provisions for income taxes applicable to income before taxes for the years ended December 31, 2017, 20162022, 2021 and 20152020 differ from amounts computed by applying the statutory Federal income tax rates to income before taxes. The effective tax rate and the statutory federal income tax rate are reconciled as follows:

   Years Ended December 31, 
   2017  2016  2015 

Federal statutory income tax rate

   35.0  35.0  35.0

State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit

   6.9   6.8   6.6 

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act impact on deferredre-measurement

   9.6   —     —   

Tax-exempt interest on municipal obligations

   (1.9  (1.8  (0.7

Tax-exempt life insurance related income

   (1.3  (1.3  (1.3

Equity compensation

   (1.2  —     —   

Low income housing tax credit benefits

   (2.3  (1.3  (0.4

Low income housing tax credit amortization

   2.1   0.8   —   

Non-deductible joint beneficiary agreement expense

   0.1   0.1   0.1 

Non-deductible merger expense

   0.2   —     —   

Other

   0.5   (0.1  0.4 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Effective Tax Rate

   47.7  38.2  39.7
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

90


Note 22 – Income Taxes (continued)

 Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202220212020
Federal statutory income tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit7.9 7.9 7.7 
Tax-exempt interest on municipal obligations(0.7)(0.5)(0.9)
Tax-exempt life insurance related income(0.4)(0.5)(0.8)
Low income housing tax credits(3.7)(2.6)(4.8)
Low income housing tax credit amortization3.6 2.2 4.1 
Equity compensation(0.2)(0.1)0.4 
Non-deductible merger expenses0.1 0.1 — 
Other0.3 0.6 (0.9)
Effective Tax Rate27.9 %28.1 %25.8 %

The temporary differences, tax effected, which give rise to the Company’s net deferred tax asset recorded in other assets are as follows as of December 31 for the years indicated:

   2017   2016 
   (in thousands) 

Deferred tax assets:

    

Allowance for losses and reserve for unfunded commitments

  $9,900   $14,809 

Deferred compensation

   1,953    2,743 

Accrued pension liability

   6,835    9,220 

Accrued bonus

   171    1,727 

Other accrued expenses

   522    781 

Unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans

   1,582    1,982 

State taxes

   1,397    2,257 

Share based compensation

   1,322    2,063 

Nonaccrual interest

   282    408 

OREO write downs

   59    132 

Indemnification asset

   —      313 

Acquisition cost basis

   2,187    3,996 

Unrealized loss on securities

   1,008    3,730 

Tax credits

   581    491 

Net operating loss carryforwards

   1,801    3,354 

Other

   508    981 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total deferred tax assets

   30,108    48,987 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred tax liabilities:

    

Securities income

   (958   (1,362

Depreciation

   (1,987   (3,032

Merger related fixed asset valuations

   (30   (54

Securities accretion

   (315   (478

Mortgage servicing rights valuation

   (1,943   (2,710

Core deposit intangible

   (916   (1,813

Junior subordinated debt

   (1,783   (2,616

Prepaid expenses and other

   (479   (723
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total deferred tax liability

   (8,411   (12,788
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net deferred tax asset

  $21,697   $36,199 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

indicated (in thousands):
 December 31,
 20222021
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for losses and reserve for unfunded commitments$32,519 $26,361 
Deferred compensation1,696 1,758 
Other accrued expenses2,720 1,994 
Additional unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans16,036 13,693 
Operating lease liability8,575 7,769 
State taxes3,649 3,251 
Share based compensation1,132 952 
Nonaccrual interest643 937 
Acquisition cost basis14,640 506 
Unrealized loss on securities85,897 116 
Tax credits852 513 
Net operating loss carryforwards2,098 1,131 
Other120 813 
Total deferred tax assets170,577 59,794 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Securities income(777)(762)
Depreciation(8,270)(6,198)
Right of use asset(7,941)(7,588)
Funded pension liability(4,110)(709)
Securities accretion(1,265)(846)
Mortgage servicing rights valuation(1,976)(1,726)
Core deposit intangible(4,778)(3,248)
Junior subordinated debt(1,293)(1,422)
Prepaid expenses and other(991)(488)
Total deferred tax liability(31,401)(22,987)
Net deferred tax asset$139,176 $36,807 

As part of the merger with FNB Bancorp in 2018 and North Valley Bancorp in 2014, TriCo acquired federal and state net operating loss carryforwards, capital loss carryforwards, and tax credit carryforwards. In addition, the 2020 Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) provided the Company with an opportunity to file amended federal tax returns and generate proposed refunds of approximately $805,000. These tax attribute carryforwards will be subject to provisions of the tax law that limit the use of such losses and
89TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
credits generated by a company prior to the date certain ownership changes occur. The amount of the Company’s net operating loss carryforwards that would beare subject to these limitations as of December 31, 20172022 were $21.4 millionapproximately $5,518,000 for federal and $11,187,000 for California. The amount of the Company’s tax credits that would be subject to these limitations as of December 31, 20172022 are $69,000$395,000 and $648,000 for federal and California, respectively. Due to the limitation, a significant portion of the state tax credits will expire regardless of whether the Company generates future taxable income. As such, the Company has recorded the future benefit of these tax credits on the books at the value which is more likely than not to be realized. These tax loss and tax credit carryforwards expire at various dates beginning in 2018.

through 2032.

The Company believes that a valuation allowance is not needed to reduce the deferred tax assets as it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the deferred tax assets, including the tax attribute carryforwards acquired as part of the North Valley Bancorp merger.

As partpast mergers.

Disclosure of the North Valley Bancorp merger, TriCo inherited an unrecognized tax benefit for tax positions claimed on prior year tax returns filed by North Valley Bancorp. The Company had an unrecognized tax benefit of $60,000 as ofbenefits at December 31, 2017, the recognition of which would reduce the Company’s tax expense by $34,000.2022 and 2021 were not considered significant for disclosure purposes. Management does not expect the unrecognized tax benefit will materially change in the next 12 months. A summary of changes in the Company’s unrecognized tax benefit (including interest and penalties) in 2017 is as follows:

(in thousands)

  UTB   Interest/Penalties   Total 

As of December 31, 2016

  $114   $7   $121 

Lapse of the applicable statute of limitations

   (54   (5   (59
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2017

  $60   $2   $62 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

During the years ended December 31, 20172022 and December 31, 20162021 the Company recognized nodid not recognize and significant amounts related to interest and penalties related toassociated with taxes. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and California. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal and state/local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 20142019 and 2013,2018, respectively.

91


Note 2320 – Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share represents income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustments to income that would result from assumed issuance. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate solely from outstanding stock options, and are determined using the treasury stock method.

Earnings per share have been computed based on the following:

   Years ended December 31, 
   2017   2016   2015 

Net income (in thousands)

  $40,554   $44,811   $43,818 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(number of shares in thousands)

      

Average number of common shares outstanding

   22,912    22,814    22,750 

Effect of dilutive stock options

   338    273    248 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate diluted earnings per share

   23,250    23,087    22,998 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Based on an average
 Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202220212020
Net income$125,419 $117,655 $64,814 
Average number of common shares outstanding32,584 29,721 29,917 
Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock137 161 111 
Average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate diluted earnings per share32,721 29,882 30,028 
Options excluded from diluted earnings per share because the effect of these options was antidilutive— — — 


90TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of quarterly computations, there were 0, 13,825, and 20,625 options and restricted stock units excluded from the computation of annual diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, because the effect of these options and restricted stock units were antidilutive.

Contents

Note 2421 – Comprehensive Income

(Loss)

Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses onavailable-for-sale securities, are reported as a separate component of the equity section of the balance sheet, such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income. The components of other comprehensive income and related tax effects are as follows:

   Years Ended December 31, 
   2017   2016   2015 
   

(in thousands)

 

Unrealized holding losses on available for sale securities before reclassifications

  $6,422   $(11,015  $(1,895

Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income

   (961   —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unrealized holding losses on available for sale securities after reclassifications

   5,461    (11,015   (1,895

Tax effect

   (2,296   4,631    797 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unrealized holding losses on available for sale securities, net of tax

   3,165    (6,384   (1,098
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Change in unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans before reclassifications

   (1,016   511    1,384 

Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income:

      

Amortization of prior service cost

   (12   (40   (57

Amortization of actuarial losses

   390    550    823 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income

   378    510    766 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Change in unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans after reclassifications

   (638   1,021    2,150 

Tax effect

   268    (429   (904
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Change in unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans, net of tax

   (370   592    1,246 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Change in joint beneficiary agreement liability before reclassifications

   (110   (343   277 

Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income

   —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Change in joint beneficiary agreement liability after reclassifications

   (110   (343   277 

Tax effect

   —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Change in joint beneficiary agreement liability, net of tax

   (110   (343   277 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other comprehensive income (loss)

  $2,685   $(6,135  $425 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

92


Note 24 – Comprehensive Income (continued)

 Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202220212020
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available for sale securities before reclassifications$(290,157)$(19,575)$15,803 
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income:
Realized gains on debt securities— — (7)
Total amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income— — (7)
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available for sale securities after reclassifications(290,157)(19,575)15,796 
Tax effect85,781 5,787 (4,670)
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available for sale securities, net of tax(204,376)(13,788)11,126 
Change in unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans before reclassifications11,522 3,497 645 
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income:
Amortization of prior service cost(28)(58)(55)
Amortization of actuarial losses254 9,309 
Total amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income(20)196 9,254 
Change in unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans after reclassifications11,502 3,693 9,899 
Tax effect(3,401)(1,091)(2,927)
Change in unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans, net of tax8,101 2,602 6,972 
Change in joint beneficiary agreement liability before reclassifications1,389 (113)(596)
Tax effect— — — 
Change in unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans, net of tax1,389 (113)(596)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)$(194,886)$(11,299)$17,502 

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), included in shareholders’ equity, are as follows:

   December 31, 
   2017   2016 
   (in thousands) 

Net unrealized gains on available for sale securities

  $(3,409  $(8,870

Tax effect

   1,008    3,729 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unrealized holding gains on available for sale securities, net of tax

   (2,401   (5,141
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans

   (5,352   (4,714

Tax effect

   2,250    1,982 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans, net of tax

   (3,102   (2,732
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Joint beneficiary agreement liability

   (150   (40

Tax effect

   —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Joint beneficiary agreement liability, net of tax

   (150   (40
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

  $(5,228  $(7,913
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)20222021
Net unrealized loss on available for sale securities$(290,549)$(392)
Tax effect85,897 116 
Unrealized holding loss on available for sale securities, net of tax(204,652)(276)
Unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans13,901 2,399 
Tax effect(4,110)(709)
Unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans, net of tax9,791 1,690 
Joint beneficiary agreement liability, net of tax956 (433)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)$(193,905)$981 


Note 2522 – Retirement Plans

401(k) Plan

The Company sponsors a 401(k) Plan whereby substantially all employees age 21 and over with 90 days of service may participate. Participants may contribute a portion of their compensation subject to certain limits based on federal tax laws. Prior to July 1, 2015, theThe Company did not contribute to the 401(k) Plan. Effective July 1, 2015, the Company initiatedprovides a discretionary matching contribution equal to 50% of participant’s elective deferrals, each quarter, up to 4% of eligible compensation. The Company recorded $776,000, $678,000, and $300,000, of salaries & benefits expense attributable to the 401(k) Plan matching contribution during the years 2017, 2016,contributions and 2015, respectively. The Company made $767,000, $811,000, and $0, of 401(k) Plan matching contributions duringfor the years 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

ended:
 Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202220212020
401(k) Plan benefits expense$1,541 $1,211 $1,139 
401(k) Plan contributions made by the Company$1,214 $1,121 $202 

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Employee Stock Ownership Plan

Substantially all employees with at least one year of service are covered by a discretionary employee stock ownership plan (ESOP). Contributions are made to the plan at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Contributions to the plan totaling $2,073,000, $1,368,000, and $2,651,000 were made during 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Expenses related to the Company’s ESOP, are included in benefits and other compensation costs under salaries and benefits expense, and were $2,149,000, $1,831,000, and $2,282,000 during 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Company shares owned by the ESOP are paid dividends and included in the calculation of earnings per share exactly as other common shares outstanding.

Contributions are made to the plan at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Expenses related to the Company’s ESOP, included in benefits and other compensation costs under salaries and benefits expense, and contributions to the plan for the years ended were:
 Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202220212020
ESOP benefits expense$2,824 $1,888 $2,400 
ESOP contributions made by the Company$3,535 $878 $1,951 

Deferred Compensation Plans

The Company has deferred compensation plans for certain directors and key executives, which allow certain directors and key executives designated by the Board of Directors of the Company to defer a portion of their compensation. The Company has purchased insurance on the lives of certain of the participants and intends to hold these policies until death as a cost recovery of the Company’s deferred compensation obligations of $6,605,000,$5,738,000 and $6,525,000$5,945,000 at December 31, 20172022 and 2016,2021, respectively. Earnings credits on deferred balances totaling $478,000included in 2017, $487,000 in 2016, and $538,000 in 2015non-interest expense are included in noninterest expense.

the following table:
 Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202220212020
Deferred compensation earnings credits included in non-interest expense$187 $176 $212 

Supplemental Retirement Plans

The Company has supplemental retirement plans for certain directors and key executives. These plans arenon-qualified defined benefit plans and are unsecured and unfunded. The Company has purchased insurance on the lives of the participants and intends to hold these policies until death as a cost recovery of the Company’s retirement obligations. The cash values of the insurance policies purchased to fund the deferred compensation obligations and the supplemental retirement obligations were $97,783,000$133,742,000 and $95,912,000$117,857,000 at December 31, 20172022 and 2016,2021, respectively.

The Company recorded in other liabilities the unfundedadditional funded status of the supplemental retirement plans of $5,352,000$13,901,000 and $4,714,000$2,399,000 related to the supplemental retirement plans as of December 31, 20172022 and 2016,2021, respectively. These amounts represent the amount by which the projected benefit obligations for these retirement plans exceeded the fair value of plan assets plus amounts previously accrued related to the plans. The projected benefit obligation is recorded in other liabilities.

93


Note 25 – Retirement Plans (continued)

At December 31, 20172022 and 2016,2021, the unfundedadditional funded status of the supplemental retirement plans of $5,352,000$13,901,000 and $4,714,000$2,399,000 were offset by a reduction of shareholders’ equity accumulated other comprehensive lossgain of $3,102,000$9,792,000 and $2,732,000,$1,690,000, respectively, representing theafter-tax impact of the unfundedadditional funded status of the supplemental retirement plans, and the related deferred tax assetliability of $2,250,000$4,109,000 and $1,982,000,$709,000, respectively. Amounts recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive lossincome (loss) as ofyear-end that have not been recognized as a component of the combined net period benefit cost of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans are presented in the following table. The Company expects to recognize approximately $509,000$455,000 of the net actuarial loss reported in the following table as of December 31, 20172022 as a component of net periodic benefit cost during 2018.

   December 31, 
(in thousands)  2017   2016 

Transition obligation

  $4   $7 

Prior service cost

   (248   (75

Net actuarial loss

   5,596    4,782 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Amount included in accumulated other comprehensive loss

   5,352    4,714 

Deferred tax benefit

   (2,250   (1,982
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Amount included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax

  $3,102   $2,732 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

2022.
 December 31,
(in thousands)20222021
Transition obligation$— $— 
Prior service cost— (28)
Net actuarial (gain) / loss(13,901)(2,371)
Amount included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(13,901)(2,399)
Deferred tax liability / (benefit)4,109 709 
Amount included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax$(9,792)$(1,690)

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Information pertaining to the activity in the supplemental retirement plans, using a measurement date of December 31, is as follows:

   December 31, 
   2017   2016 
   (in thousands) 

Change in benefit obligation:

    

Benefit obligation at beginning of year

  $(26,645  $(26,184

Acquisition

   —      —   

Service cost

   (941   (1,042

Interest cost

   (991   (1,025

Actuarial (loss)/gain

   (1,203   511 

Plan amendments

   185    —   

Benefits paid

   1,123    1,095 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Benefit obligation at end of year

  $(28,472  $(26,645
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Change in plan assets:

    

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year

  $—     $—   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Fair value of plan assets at end of year

  $—     $—   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Funded status

  $(28,472  $(26,645

Unrecognized net obligation existing at January 1, 1986

   4    7 

Unrecognized net actuarial loss

   5,596    4,782 

Unrecognized prior service cost

   (248   (75

Accumulated other comprehensive income

   (5,352   (4,714
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accrued benefit cost

  $(28,472  $(26,645
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated benefit obligation

  $(26,432  $(25,241

 December 31,
(in thousands)20222021
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year$(43,834)$(46,197)
Acquisition of obligations(3,310)— 
Service cost(1,624)(1,103)
Interest cost(1,731)(1,518)
Actuarial (loss)/gain10,266 3,580 
Plan amendments(2,141)— 
Benefits paid2,033 1,404 
Benefit obligation at end of year$(40,341)$(43,834)
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year$— $— 
Fair value of plan assets at end of year$— $— 
Funded status$(40,341)$(43,834)
Unrecognized net obligation existing at January 1, 1986— — 
Unrecognized net actuarial (loss)/gain(13,901)(2,453)
Unrecognized prior service cost— (28)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss13,901 2,481 
Accrued benefit cost$(40,341)$(43,834)
Accumulated benefit obligation$(40,340)$(42,590)

The following table sets forth the net periodic benefit cost recognized for the supplemental retirement plans:

   Years Ended December 31, 
   2017   2016   2015 
   (in thousands) 

Net pension cost included the following components:

      

Service cost-benefits earned during the period

  $941   $1,042   $1,023 

Interest cost on projected benefit obligation

   991    1,025    957 

Amortization of net obligation at transition

   2    2    2 

Amortization of prior service cost

   (12   (41   (57

Recognized net actuarial loss

   390    549    823 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net periodic pension cost

  $2,312   $2,577   $2,748 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

94


Note 25 – Retirement Plans (continued)

 Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202220212020
Net pension cost included the following components:
Service cost-benefits earned during the period$1,624 $1,103 $2,830 
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation1,731 1,518 1,224 
Amortization of net obligation at transition— — 
Amortization of prior service cost(28)(58)(55)
Recognized net actuarial loss(86)254 9,309 
Amortization of loss/(gain)(114)— — 
Recognition of pension service cost to due amendment2,141 — — 
Net periodic pension cost$5,268 $2,817 $13,309 

The following table sets forth assumptions used in accounting for the plans:

   Years Ended December 31, 
   2017  2016  2015 

Discount rate used to calculate benefit obligation

   3.40  3.80  4.00

Discount rate used to calculate net periodic pension cost

   3.84  4.00  3.65

Average annual increase in executive compensation

   3.25  2.50  2.50

Average annual increase in director compensation

   0.00  2.50  2.50

 Year Ended December 31,
 202220212020
Discount rate used to calculate benefit obligation5.23 %2.74 %2.40 %
Discount rate used to calculate net periodic pension cost2.74 %2.40 %2.82 %
Average annual increase in executive compensation— %3.25 %3.25 %
Average annual increase in director compensation— %— %— %

93TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

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The following table sets forth the expected benefit payments to participants and estimated contributions to be made by the Company under the supplemental retirement plans for the years indicated:

Years Ended

  Expected Benefit
Payments to
Participants
   Estimated
Company
Contributions
 
   (in thousands) 

2018

  $1,106   $1,106 

2019

   1,067    1,067 

2020

   1,233    1,233 

2021

   1,859    1,859 

2022

   2,008    2,008 

2023-2027

  $10,169   $10,169 

(in thousands)Expected Benefit
Payments to
Participants
Estimated
Company
Contributions
2023$1,914 $1,914 
20243,017 3,017 
20252,988 2,988 
20263,076 3,076 
20272,974 2,974 
2028-203218,981 18,981 


Note 2623 – Related Party Transactions

Certain directors, officers, and companies with which they are associated were customers of, and had banking transactions with, the Company or the Bank in the ordinary course of business.

The following table summarizes the activity in these loans for the periods indicated (in thousands):

Balance December 31, 2015

  $4,201 

Advances/new loans

   730 

Removed/payments

   (2,499
  

 

 

 

Balance December 31, 2016

  $2,432 

Advances/new loans

   437 

Removed/payments

   (721
  

 

 

 

Balance December 31, 2017

  $2,148 
  

 

 

 

indicated:
(in thousands)
Balance January 1, 2021$6,833 
Advances/new loans2,000 
Removed/payments(2,517)
Balance December 31, 20216,316 
Advances/new loans11,960 
Removed/payments(6,892)
Balance December 31, 2022$11,384 

Deposits of directors, officers and other related parties to the Bank totaled $46,025,000$28,355,000 and $69,755,000$35,310,000 at December 31, 20172022 and 2016,2021, respectively.

Note 2724 – Fair Value Measurement

The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. In estimating fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, income approach, and/or the cost approach. Inputs to valuation techniques include the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability including assumptions about the risk inherent in a particular valuation technique, the effect of a restriction on the sale or use of an asset and the risk of nonperformance. Securitiesavailable-for-sale and mortgage servicing rights are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as loans held for sale, loans held for investment and certain other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or market accounting or impairment write-downs of individual assets.

The Company groups assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the observable nature of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:

Level 1 -Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
Level 2 -Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
Level 3  -Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

95


Level 1 —    Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
Level 2 —    Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
Level 3 —    Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.
Securities available for sale - Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Level 1 securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the
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New York Stock Exchange, U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in activeover-the-counter markets and money market funds. Level 2 securities include mortgage-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities, municipal bonds and corporate debt securities. The Company had no securities classified as Level 3 during any of the periods covered in these financial statements.

Loans held for saleLoans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The fair value of loans held for sale is based on what secondary markets are currently offering for loans with similar characteristics. As such, we classify those loans subjected to nonrecurring fair value adjustments as Level 2.

Impaired originated and PNCI

Individually evaluated loans – Originated and PNCI loans—Loans are not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, an originated or PNCI loan is considered impairedloans may require individual analysis and an allowance for loancredit losses is established. Originated and PNCI loansLoans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered impaired.an example. The fair value of an impaired originated or PNCI loanindividually evaluated loans is estimated using one of several methods, including collateral value, fair value of similar debt, enterprise value, liquidation value and discounted cash flows. Those impaired originated and PNCIindividually evaluated loans not requiring an allowance represent loans for which the fair value of the expected repayments or collateral exceed the recorded investments in such loans. Impaired originated and PNCIIndividually evaluated loans where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral require classification in the fair value hierarchy. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value which uses substantially observable data, the Company records the impaired originated or PNCI loan as nonrecurring Level 2. When an appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value, or the appraised value contains a significant unobservable assumption, such as deviations from comparable sales, and there is no observable market price, the Company records the impaired originated or PNCI loan as nonrecurring Level 3.

Foreclosed assets - Foreclosed assets include assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure. Foreclosed assets are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, management periodically performs valuations and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. When the fair value of foreclosed assets is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value which uses substantially observable data, the Company records the impaired originated loanasset as nonrecurring Level 2. When an appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value, or the appraised value contains a significant unobservable assumption, such as deviations from comparable sales, and there is no observable market price, the Company records the foreclosed asset as nonrecurring Level 3. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in other noninterestnon-interest expense.

Mortgage servicing rights - Mortgage servicing rights are carried at fair value. A valuation model, which utilizes a discounted cash flow analysis using a discount rate and prepayment speed assumptions is used in the computation of the fair value measurement. While the prepayment speed assumption is currently quoted for comparable instruments, the discount rate assumption currently requires a significant degree of management judgment and is therefore considered an unobservable input. As such, the Company classifies mortgage servicing rights subjected to recurring fair value adjustments as Level 3. Additional information regarding mortgage servicing rights can be found in Note 10 in the consolidated financial statements at Item 1 of this report.

The tabletables below presents the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

   Total   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3 

Fair value at December 31, 2017

        

Securitiesavailable-for-sale:

        

Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies

  $604,789    —     $604,789    —   

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

   123,156    —      123,156    —   

Marketable equity securities

   2,938   $2,938    —      —   

Mortgage servicing rights

   6,687    —      —     $6,687 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets measured at fair value

  $737,570   $2,938   $727,945   $6,687 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Total   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3 

Fair value at December 31, 2016

        

Securitiesavailable-for-sale:

        

Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies

  $429,678    —     $429,678    —   

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

   117,617    —      117,617    —   

Marketable equity securities

   2,938   $2,938    —      —   

Mortgage servicing rights

   6,595    —      —     $6,595 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets measured at fair value

  $556,828   $2,938   $547,295   $6,595 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

96

Fair value at December 31, 2022TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Marketable equity securities$2,598 $2,598 $— $— 
Debt securities available for sale:
Obligations of U.S. government agencies1,372,769 — 1,372,769 — 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions293,205 — 293,205 — 
Corporate bonds5,751 — 5,751 — 
Asset backed securities439,767 — 439,767 — 
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations340,946 — 340,946 — 
Loans held for sale1,846 — 1,846 — 
Mortgage servicing rights6,712 — — 6,712 
Total assets measured at fair value$2,463,594 $2,598 $2,454,284 $6,712 

95TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Note 27 – Fair Value Measurement (continued)

Table of Contents
Fair value at December 31, 2021TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Marketable equity securities$2,938 $2,938 $— $— 
Debt securities available for sale:
Obligations of U.S. government agencies1,257,389 — 1,257,389 — 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions192,244 — 192,244 — 
Corporate bonds6,756 — 6,756 — 
Asset backed securities409,552 — 409,552 — 
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligation341,997 — 341,997 — 
Loans held for sale3,466 — 3,466 — 
Mortgage servicing rights5,874 — — 5,874 
Total assets measured at fair value$2,220,216 $2,938 $2,211,404 $5,874 
Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized on the actual date of the event or circumstances that caused the transfer, which generally corresponds with the Company’s quarterly valuation process. There were no transfers between any levels during 20172022 or 2016.

2021.

The following table provides a reconciliation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) on a recurring basis during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016,2022, 2021, and 2015.2020. Had there been any transfer into or out of Level 3 during 2017, 2016,2022, 2021, or 2015,2020, the amount included in the “Transfers into (out of) Level 3” column would represent the beginning balance of an item in the period (interim quarter) during which it was transferred (in thousands):

   Ending
Balance
   Transfers
into (out of)
Level 3
   Change
Included
in Earnings
  Issuances   Beginning
Balance
 

Year ended December 31,

         

2017: Mortgage servicing rights

  $6,687    —     $(718 $810   $6,595 

2016: Mortgage servicing rights

  $6,595    —     $(2,184 $1,161   $7,618 

2015: Mortgage servicing rights

  $7,618    —     $(701 $941   $7,378 

Year ended December 31,Beginning
Balance
Transfers
into (out of)
Level 3
Change
Included
in Earnings
IssuancesEnding
Balance
2022: Mortgage servicing rights$5,874 — $301 $537 $6,712 
2021: Mortgage servicing rights$5,092 — $(872)$1,654 $5,874 
2020: Mortgage servicing rights$6,200 — $(2,634)$1,526 $5,092 
The Company’s method for determining the fair value of mortgage servicing rights is described in Note 1. The key unobservable inputs used in determining the fair value of mortgage servicing rights are mortgage prepayment speeds and the discount rate used to discount cash projected cash flows. Generally, any significant increases in the mortgage prepayment speed and discount rate utilized in the fair value measurement of the mortgage servicing rights will result in a negative fair value adjustments (and decrease in the fair value measurement). Conversely, a decrease in the mortgage prepayment speed and discount rate will result in a positive fair value adjustment (and increase in the fair value measurement). Note 10 contains additional information regarding mortgage servicing rights.

The following table presentspresent quantitative information about recurring Level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 20172022 and 2016:

   Fair Value
(in thousands)
   Valuation
Technique
   Unobservable
Inputs
   Range,
Weighted Average
 

December 31, 2017

        

Mortgage Servicing Rights

  $6,687    Discounted cash flow    Constant prepayment rate    6.2%-22.0%, 8.9% 
       Discount rate    13.0%-15.0%, 13.0% 

December 31, 2016

        

Mortgage Servicing Rights

  $6,595    Discounted cash flow    Constant prepayment rate    6.9%-16.6%, 8.8% 
       Discount rate    14.0%-16.0%, 14.0% 

2021:

December 31, 2022Fair Value
(in thousands)
Valuation
Technique
Unobservable
Inputs
Range,
Weighted
Average
Mortgage Servicing Rights$6,712Discounted
cash flow
Constant
prepayment rate
116%-226%, 127%
Discount rate10%-14%, 12%
December 31, 2021
Mortgage Servicing Rights$5,874Discounted
cash flow
Constant
prepayment rate
187%-264%, 208%
Discount rate10%-14%, 12%




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The tables below present the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, as of the dates indicated, that had a write-down or an additional allowance provided during the periods indicatedindicated. The gains (losses) represent the amounts recorded during the period regardless of whether the asset is still held at fair value at period end (in thousands):

   Total   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total Gains
(Losses)
 

Year ended December 31, 2017

          

Fair value:

          

Impaired Originated & PNCI loans

  $2,767    —      —     $2,767   $(1,452

Foreclosed assets

   2,217        2,217    (135
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets measured at fair value

  $4,984    —      —     $4,984   $(1,587
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Total   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total Gains
(Losses)
 

Year ended December 31, 2016

          

Fair value:

          

Impaired Originated & PNCI loans

  $1,107    —      —     $1,107   $(409

Foreclosed assets

   2,253        2,253    (86
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets measured at fair value

  $3,360    —      —     $3,360   $(495
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

December 31, 2022TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total Gains
(Losses)
Fair value:
Individually evaluated loans$5,719 — — $5,719 $(2,283)
Real estate owned311 — — 311 481 
Total assets measured at fair value$6,030 — — $6,030 $(1,802)
December 31, 2021TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total Gains
(Losses)
Fair value:
Individually evaluated loans$3,683 — — $3,683 $(1,105)
The impaired Originated and PNCIindividually evaluated loan amount above represents impaired, collateral dependent loans with unique risk characteristics that have been adjusted to fair value. When we identify a collateral dependent loan as impaired,requiring individual evaluation, we measure the impairmentneed for credit reserves using the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs. Depending on the characteristics of a loan, the fair value of collateral is generally estimated by obtaining external appraisals. If we determine that the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, we recognize this impairment and adjust the carrying value of the loan to fair value through the allowance for loan and lease losses. The loss represents charge-offs or impairments on collateral dependent loans for fair value adjustments based on the fair value of collateral. The carrying value of loans fullycharged-off is zero.

The foreclosed assets amount above represents impaired real estate that has been adjusted to fair value. Foreclosed assets represent real estate which the Bank has taken control of in partial or full satisfaction of loans. At the time of foreclosure, other real estate owned is recorded at fair value less costs to sell, which becomes the property’s new basis. Any write-downs based on the asset’s fair value at the date of acquisition are charged to the allowance for loan and lease losses. After foreclosure, management periodically performs valuations such that the real estate is carried at the lower of its new cost basis or fair value, net of estimated costs to sell. Fair value adjustments on other real estate owned are recognized within net loss on real estate owned. The loss represents impairments onnon-covered other real estate owned for fair value adjustments based on the fair value of the real estate.

97


Note 27 – Fair Value Measurement (continued)

The Company’s property appraisals are primarily based on the sales comparison approach and income approach methodologies, which consider recent sales of comparable properties, including their income generating characteristics, and then make adjustments to reflect the general assumptions that a market participant would make when analyzing the property for purchase. These adjustments may increase or decrease an appraised value and can vary significantly depending on the location, physical characteristics and income producing potential of each property. Additionally, the quality and volume of market information available at the time of the appraisal can vary from period to period and cause significant changes to the nature and magnitude of comparable sale adjustments. Given these variations, comparable sale adjustments are generally not a reliable indicator for how fair value will increase or decrease from period to period. Under certain circumstances, management discounts are applied based on specific characteristics of an individual property.

The following table presentstables present quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 20172022 and 2016:

2021:

December 31, 2017

2022
Fair Value

(in thousands)
Valuation Technique

Valuation

Technique

Unobservable Inputs

Unobservable

Inputs

Range,

Weighted Average

Impaired Originated & PNCIIndividually evaluated loans

$        2,7675,719 

Sales comparison
approach


Income approach

Adjustment for differences between
comparable salessales; Capitalization rate
Not meaningful meaningful;
N/A

Foreclosed assets (Land & construction)

$        1,341
Real estate owned (Residential)$311 Sales comparison
approach
Adjustment for differences between
comparable sales
Not meaningfulmeaningful;
N/A

Foreclosed assets (residential (Residential real estate)

$           622Sales comparison approachAdjustment for differences between comparable salesNot meaningful

Foreclosed assets (Commercial real estate)

$          254Sales comparison approachAdjustment for differences between comparable salesNot meaningful

December 31, 2016

2021
Fair Value

(in thousands)
Valuation Technique

Valuation

Technique

Unobservable Inputs

Unobservable

Inputs

Range,

Weighted Average

Impaired Originated & PNCIIndividually evaluated loans

$        1,1073,683 

Sales comparison
approach

Income
approach

Adjustment for differences between
comparable sales Capitalization rate
Not meaningful meaningful;
N/A

Foreclosed assets (Land & construction)

$        15Sales comparison approachAdjustment for differences between comparable salesNot meaningful

Foreclosed assets (residential (Residential real estate)

$           1,564Sales comparison approachAdjustment for differences between comparable salesNot meaningful

Foreclosed assets (Commercial real estate)

$          674Sales comparison approachAdjustment for differences between comparable salesNot meaningful

In addition

97TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
The estimated fair values of financial instruments that are reported at amortized cost in the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheets, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to themeasure fair value, were as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Carrying
Amount
Fair
Value
Carrying
Amount
Fair
Value
Financial assets:
Level 1 inputs:
Cash and due from banks$96,323 $96,323 $57,032 $57,032 
Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks10,907 10,907 711,389 711,389 
Level 2 inputs:
Securities held to maturity160,983 149,938 199,759 208,140 
Restricted equity securities17,250 n/a17,250 N/A
Level 3 inputs:
Loans, net6,344,767 6,153,155 4,831,248 4,880,044 
Financial liabilities:
Level 2 inputs:
Deposits8,329,013 8,321,517 7,367,159 7,366,422 
Other borrowings264,605 264,605 50,087 50,087 
Level 3 inputs:
Junior subordinated debt101,040 92,613 58,079 57,173 
Contract
Amount
Fair
Value
Contract
Amount
Fair
Value
Off-balance sheet:
Level 3 inputs:
Commitments (1)$2,188,560 $21,886 $1,586,068 $15,861 
Standby letters of credit (1)26,599 266 21,871 219 
Overdraft privilege commitments (1)126,634 1,266 125,670 1,257 

The methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument noted above, the following methods and assumptions were used to estimate theinstruments not measured at fair value of other classes of financial instruments for which it is practical to estimate the fair value.

Short-term Instruments - Cash and due from banks, fed funds purchased and sold, interest receivable and payable, and short-term borrowings are considered short-term instruments. For these short-term instruments their carrying amount approximates their fair value.

as follows:

Securities held to maturity – The fair - This includes mortgage-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities and municipal bonds. Fair value of securities held to maturitymeasurement is based upon quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Level 1
Restricted equity securities include those traded- Consists of FHLB stock whereby carrying value approximates fair value.
Loans - Loans are generally valued by discounting expected cash flows using market inputs with adjustments based on an active exchange, suchcohort level assumptions for certain loan types as well as internally developed estimates at a business segment level. Due to the significance of the unobservable market inputs and assumptions, as well as the New York Stock Exchange, U.S. Treasury securities thatabsence of a liquid secondary market for most loans, these loans are traded by dealers or brokers in activeover-the-counter markets and money market funds. Level 2 securities include mortgage-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities, municipal bonds and corporate debt securities. The Company had no securities held to maturity classified as Level 3 during any of the periods covered in these financial statements.

Restricted Equity Securities3. Certain loans are measured based on observable market prices sourced from external data providers and classified as Level 2. Nonaccrual loans are written down and reported at their estimated recovery value which approximates their fair value and classified as Level 3.

Deposits - It is not practical to determine theThe estimated fair value of restricted equity securities due to restrictions placed on their transferability.

Originateddeposits with no stated maturity, such as demand deposit accounts, money market accounts, and PNCI loans- The fair value of variable rate originated and PNCI loans is the current carrying value. The interest rates on these originated and PNCI loans are regularly adjusted to market rates. The fair value of other types of fixed rate originated and PNCI loans is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings for the same remaining maturities. The allowance for loan losses is a reasonable estimate of the valuation allowance needed to adjust computed fair values for credit quality of certain originated and PNCI loans in the portfolio.

PCI Loans -PCI loans are measured at estimated fair value on the date of acquisition. Carrying value is calculated as the present value of expected cash flows and approximates fair value.

Deposit Liabilities- The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts and certain money market deposits iswas the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. These values do not consider the estimated fair value of the Company’s core deposit intangible, which is a significant unrecognized asset of the Company. The fair value of time deposits and other borrowings iswas estimated based on a discounted cash flow technique using Level 3 inputs appropriate to the contractual maturity.

Other borrowings - The cash flows were calculated using the contractual features of the advance and then discounted value of contractual cash flows.

Other Borrowingsusing observable market. These are short-term in nature.

Junior subordinated debt - The fair value of other borrowings is calculatedstructured financings was estimated based on thea discounted value of the contractual cash flowsflow technique using currentobservable market interest rates at which such borrowings can currently be obtained.

98


Note 27 – Fair Value Measurement (continued)

Junior Subordinated Debenturesadjusted for estimated spreads.

(1) Lending related commitments - The fair value of junior subordinated debentures is estimated using a discounted cash flow model. The future cash flowsthese commitments, including revolving credit facilities, standby letters of these instrumentscredit and overdrafts are extended to the next available redemption date or maturity date as appropriate based upon the spreads of recent issuances or quotes from brokers for comparable bank holding companies compared to the contractual spread of each junior subordinated debenture measuredcarried at fair value.

Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable- Specific identification of the carryingcontract value, andwhich approximates fair value of accrued interest receivable and payablebut are not considered significant for financial reporting purposes, however, their fair value hierarchy would be based on the of the related asset or liability.

Commitments to Extend Credit and Standby Letters of Credit - The fair value of commitments is estimated using theactively traded. These instruments generate fees, which approximate those currently charged to enter intooriginate similar agreements, taking into accountcommitments, which are recognized over the remaining termsterm of the agreements and the present credit worthinesscommitment period.

98TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of the counter parties. For fixed rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The fair value of letters of credit is based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate them or otherwise settle the obligation with the counter parties at the reporting date.

Fair values for financial instruments are management’s estimates of the values at which the instruments could be exchanged in a transaction between willing parties. These estimates are subjective and may vary significantly from amounts that would be realized in actual transactions. In addition, other significant assets are not considered financial assets including, any mortgage banking operations, deferred tax assets, and premises and equipment. Further, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on the fair value estimates and have not been considered in any of these estimates.

The estimated fair values of financial instruments that are reported at amortized cost in the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheets, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value, were as follows (in thousands):

   December 31, 2017   December 31, 2016 
   Carrying
Amount
   Fair
Value
   Carrying
Amount
   Fair
Value
 

Financial assets:

        

Level 1 inputs:

        

Cash and due from banks

  $105,968   $105,968   $92,197   $92,197 

Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks

   99,460    99,460    213,415    213,415 

Level 2 inputs:

        

Securities held to maturity

   514,844    518,165    602,536    603,203 

Restricted equity securities

   16,956    N/A    16,596    N/A 

Loans held for sale

   4,616    4,616    2,998    2,998 

Level 3 inputs:

        

Loans, net

   2,984,842    2,992,225    2,727,090    2,763,473 

Financial liabilities:

        

Level 2 inputs:

        

Deposits

   4,009,131    4,006,620    3,895,560    3,893,941 

Other borrowings

   122,166    122,166    17,493    17,493 

Level 3 inputs:

        

Junior subordinated debt

  $56,858   $58,466   $56,667   $49,033 
   Contract
Amount
   Fair
Value
   Contract
Amount
   Fair
Value
 

Off-balance sheet:

        

Level 3 inputs:

        

Commitments

  $933,542   $9,335   $767,274   $7,673 

Standby letters of credit

  $13,075   $131   $12,763   $128 

Overdraft privilege commitments

  $98,260   $983   $98,583   $986 

99


Contents

Note 2825 – TriCo Bancshares Condensed Financial Statements (Parent Only)

Condensed Balance Sheets  December 31, 
   2017   2016 
   (in thousands) 

Assets

    

Cash and Cash equivalents

  $3,924   $2,802 

Investment in Tri Counties Bank

   557,538    529,907 

Other assets

   1,721    1,711 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

  $563,183   $534,420 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

    

Other liabilities

  $517   $406 

Junior subordinated debt

   56,858    56,667 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   57,375    57,073 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Shareholders’ equity:

    

Common stock, no par value: authorized 50,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 22,955,963 and 22,867,802 shares, respectively

   255,836    252,820 

Retained earnings

   255,200    232,440 

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net

   (5,228   (7,913
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total shareholders’ equity

   505,808    477,347 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

  $563,183   $534,420 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Condensed Statements of Income  Years ended December 31, 
   2017   2016   2015 
   (in thousands) 

Interest expense

  $(2,535  $(2,229  $(1,977

Administration expense

   (915   (725   (814
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss before equity in net income of Tri Counties Bank

   (3,450   (2,954   (2,791

Equity in net income of Tri Counties Bank:

      

Distributed

   19,236    16,758    13,304 

Undistributed

   23,359    29,764    32,131 

Income tax benefit

   1,409    1,243    1,174 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

  $40,554   $44,811   $43,818 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income  Years ended December 31, 
   2017   2016   2015 
   (in thousands) 

Net income

  $40,554   $44,811   $43,818 

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:

      

Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during the period

   3,165    (6,384   (1,098

Change in minimum pension liability

   (370   592    1,246 

Change in joint beneficiary agreement liability

   (110   (343   277 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income (loss)

   2,685    (6,135   425 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Comprehensive income

  $43,239   $38,676   $44,243 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows  Years ended December 31, 
   2017   2016   2015 
   (in thousands) 

Operating activities:

      

Net income

  $40,554   $44,811   $43,818 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

      

Undistributed equity in earnings of Tri Counties Bank

   (23,359   (29,764   (32,131

Equity compensation vesting expense

   1,586    1,467    1,370 

Equity compensation tax effect

   —      (155   68 

Net change in other assets and liabilities

   (1,295   (1,210   (1,120
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

   17,486    15,149    12,005 

Investing activities: None

      

Financing activities:

      

Issuance of common stock through option exercise

   396    518    660 

Equity compensation tax effect

   —      155    (68

Repurchase of common stock

   (1,629   (1,890   (412

Cash dividends paid — common

   (15,131   (13,695   (11,849
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used for financing activities

   (16,364   (14,912   (11,669
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Increase in cash and cash equivalents

   1,122    237    336 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

   2,802    2,565    2,229 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

  $3,924   $2,802   $2,565 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Condensed Balance Sheets
December 31,
2022
December 31,
2021
 (In thousands)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents$7,987 $4,950 
Investment in Tri Counties Bank1,138,429 1,047,577 
Other assets1,818 6,073 
Total assets$1,148,234 $1,058,600 
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Other liabilities$778 $337 
Junior subordinated debt101,040 58,079 
Total liabilities101,818 58,416 
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, no par value: 1,000,000 shares authorized, zero issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019— — 
Common stock, no par value: authorized 50,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 33,331,513 and 29,730,424 shares at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively697,448 532,244 
Retained earnings542,873 466,959 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net(193,905)981 
Total shareholders’ equity1,046,416 1,000,184 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$1,148,234 $1,058,600 
Condensed Statements of Income
 Year Ended December 31,
 202220212020
  (In thousands) 
Net interest expense$(4,385)$(2,128)$(2,555)
Administration expense(816)(985)(932)
Loss before equity in net income of Tri Counties Bank(5,201)(3,113)(3,487)
Equity in net income of Tri Counties Bank:
Distributed64,188 31,571 63,419 
Undistributed64,896 88,289 3,851 
Income tax benefit1,536 908 1,031 
Net income$125,419 $117,655 $64,814 
99TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K

Table of Contents
Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 Year Ended December 31,
 202220212020
  (In thousands) 
Net income$125,419 $117,655 $64,814 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Increase (decrease) in unrealized gains on available for sale securities arising during the period(204,376)(13,788)11,126 
Change in minimum pension liability8,101 2,602 6,972 
Change in joint beneficiary agreement liability1,389 (113)(596)
Other comprehensive income (loss)(194,886)(11,299)17,502 
Comprehensive income (loss)$(69,467)$106,356 $82,316 
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
 Year Ended December 31,
 202220212020
  (In thousands) 
Operating activities:
Net income$125,419 $117,655 $64,814 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Undistributed equity in earnings of Tri Counties Bank(64,896)(88,289)(3,851)
Equity compensation vesting expense3,869 2,638 2,036 
Net change in other assets and liabilities(3,834)(6,427)(1,885)
Net cash provided by operating activities60,558 25,577 61,114 
Investing activities:
Sales or maturities of investments4,234 — — 
Financing activities:
Issuance of common stock through option exercise1,190 144 198 
Repurchase of common stock(27,148)(4,344)(26,720)
Cash dividends paid — common(35,797)(29,724)(26,303)
Net cash used for financing activities(61,755)(33,924)(52,825)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents3,037 (8,347)8,289 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year4,950 13,297 5,008 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year$7,987 $4,950 $13,297 
100

TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K


Table of Contents

Note 2926 – Regulatory Matters

The Company isand the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action the Company must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s assets, liabilities and certainoff-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’sThese capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company to maintainthat minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total, Tier 1, and common equity Tier 1capital to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets.

The following tables present actual and requiredassets be maintained. Under applicable capital ratios as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 forrequirements both the Company and the Bank under Basel III Capital Rules. The minimum capital amounts presented include the minimum required capital levels as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 based on thephased-in provisions of the Basel III Capital Rules and the minimum required capital levels as of January 1, 2019 when the Basel III Capital Rules have been fullyphased-in. Capital levelsare required to be considered well capitalized are based upon prompt corrective action regulations, as amended to reflect the changes under the Basel III Capital Rules.

   Actual  Minimum Capital
Required – Basel III
Phase-in Schedule
  Minimum Capital
Required – Basel III
Fully Phased In
  Required to be
Considered Well
Capitalized
 
   Amount   Ratio  Amount   Ratio  Amount   Ratio  Amount   Ratio 
   

(dollars in thousands)

 

As of December 31, 2017:

             

Total Capital

             

(to Risk Weighted Assets):

             

Consolidated

  $528,805    14.07 $347,694    9.250 $394,679    10.50  N/A    N/A 

Tri Counties Bank

  $525,384    13.98 $347,535    9.250 $394,499    10.50 $375,713    10.00

Tier 1 Capital

             

(to Risk Weighted Assets):

             

Consolidated

  $495,318    13.18 $272,517    7.250 $319,502    8.50  N/A    N/A 

Tri Counties Bank

  $491,897    13.09 $272,392    7.250 $319,356    8.50 $300,570    8.00

Common equity Tier 1 Capital

             

(to Risk Weighted Assets):

             

Consolidated

  $440,643    11.72 $216,134    5.750 $263,120    7.00  N/A    N/A 

Tri Counties Bank

  $491,897    13.09 $216,035    5.750 $262,999    7.00 $244,214    6.50

Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets):

             

Consolidated

  $495,318    10.80 $183,400    4.000 $183,400    4.00  N/A    N/A 

Tri Counties Bank

  $491,897    10.73 $183,394    4.000 $183,394    4.00 $229,243    5.00

As of December 31, 2016:

             

Total Capital

             

(to Risk Weighted Assets):

             

Consolidated

  $503,283    14.77 $293,854    8.625 $357,735    10.50  N/A    N/A 

Tri Counties Bank

  $500,876    14.71 $293,706    8.625 $357,556    10.50 $340,529    10.00

Tier 1 Capital

             

(to Risk Weighted Assets):

             

Consolidated

  $468,061    13.74 $225,714    6.625 $289,595    8.50  N/A    N/A 

Tri Counties Bank

  $465,654    13.67 $225,601    6.625 $289,450    8.50 $274,725    8.00

Common equity Tier 1 Capital

             

(to Risk Weighted Assets):

             

Consolidated

  $414,632    12.17 $174,609    5.125 $238,490    7.00  N/A    N/A 

Tri Counties Bank

  $465,654    13.66 $174,521    5.125 $238,370    7.00 $221,344    6.50

Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets):

             

Consolidated

  $468,061    10.62 $176,346    4.000 $176,346    4.00  N/A    N/A 

Tri Counties Bank

  $465,654    10.56 $176,341    4.000 $176,341    4.00 $220,426    5.00

Ashave a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of December 31, 2017, capital levels at4.5%, a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based ratio of 6.0% and a total risk-based ratio of 8.0%. In addition, the Company and the Bank exceed all capital adequacy requirements under the Basel III Capital Rules on a fullyphased-in basis. Also, at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Bank’s capital levels exceeded the minimum amounts necessary to be considered well capitalized under the current regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.

Beginning January 1, 2016, the Basel III Capital Rules implemented a requirement for all banking organizationsare also required to maintain a capital conservation buffer consisting of common equity Tier 1 capital above the2.5% of minimum risk-basedrisk based capital requirements in orderratios to avoid restrictions on certain limitations on capital distributions,activities including payment of dividends, stock repurchases and discretionary bonus paymentsbonuses to executive officers. The capital conservationadditional 2.5% buffer, where applicable, is exclusively composedincluded in the minimum ratios set forth in the table below. Management believes as of common equity tier 1 capital, and it applies to each of the risk-based capital ratios but not the leverage ratio. At December 31, 20172022 and 2016,2021, the Company and the Bank were in compliance with themeet all capital conservation bufferadequacy requirements to which were 1.25% and 0.625%, respectively. The three risk-based capital ratios will increase by 0.625% each year through 2019, at which point, the common equity tier 1 risk-based, tier 1 risk-based and total risk-based capital ratio minimums will be 7.0%, 8.5% and 10.5%, respectively.

they are subject.
 ActualRequired for Capital Adequacy PurposesRequired to be
Considered Well
Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Regulations
(in thousands)AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
As of December 31, 2022:
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets):
Consolidated$1,115,257 14.19 %$825,234 10.50 % N/AN/A
Tri Counties Bank$1,107,941 14.10 %$825,039 10.50 %$785,751 10.00 %
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets):
Consolidated$974,325 12.40 %$668,047 8.50 % N/AN/A
Tri Counties Bank$1,009,577 12.85 %$667,888 8.50 %$628,601 8.00 %
Common equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets):
Consolidated$917,565 11.67 %$550,156 7.00 % N/AN/A
Tri Counties Bank$1,009,577 12.85 %$550,026 7.00 %$510,738 6.50 %
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets):
Consolidated$974,325 10.14 %$384,337 4.00 % N/AN/A
Tri Counties Bank$1,009,577 10.51 %$384,146 4.00 %$480,183 5.00 %

 ActualRequired for Capital Adequacy PurposesRequired to be
Considered Well
Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Regulations
(in thousands)AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
As of December 31, 2021:
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets):
Consolidated$893,294 15.42 %$608,258 10.50 %N/AN/A
Tri Counties Bank$884,255 15.28 %$607,610 10.50 %$578,676 10.00 %
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets):
Consolidated$820,654 14.17 %$492,399 8.50 %N/AN/A
Tri Counties Bank$811,713 14.03 %$491,875 8.50 %$462,941 8.00 %
Common equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets):
Consolidated$764,319 13.19 %$405,505 7.00 %N/AN/A
Tri Counties Bank$811,713 14.03 %$405,073 7.00 %$376,140 6.50 %
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets):
Consolidated$820,654 9.88 %$332,205 4.00 %N/AN/A
Tri Counties Bank$811,713 9.77 %$332,196 4.00 %$415,245 5.00 %

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Note 3027 – Summary of Quarterly Results of Operations (unaudited)

The following table setstables set forth the results of operations for the four quarters of 20172022 and 2016,2021, and is unaudited; however, in the opinion of Management, it reflects all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the summarized results for such periods.

   2017 Quarters Ended 
   December 31,   September 30,   June 30,   March 31, 
   (dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Interest and dividend income:

        

Loans:

        

Discount accretion PCI – cash basis

  $516   $398   $386   $112 

Discount accretion PCI – other

   445    407    797    631 

Discount accretion PNCI

   528    559    987    798 

All other loan interest income

   36,705    35,904    34,248    33,373 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loan interest income

   38,194    37,268    36,418    34,914 

Debt securities, dividends and interest bearing cash at Banks (not FTE)

   8,767    8,645    8,626    8,570 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest income

   46,961    45,913    45,044    43,484 

Interest expense

   1,868    1,829    1,610    1,491 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest income

   45,093    44,084    43,434    41,993 

Provision for (benefit from reversal of provision for) loan losses

   1,677    765    (796   (1,557
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest income after provision for loan losses

   43,416    43,319    44,230    43,550 

Noninterest income

   12,478    12,930    12,910    11,703 

Noninterest expense

   38,076    37,222    35,904    35,822 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

   17,818    19,027    21,236    19,431 

Income tax expense

   14,829    7,130    7,647    7,352 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

  $2,989   $11,897   $13,589   $12,079 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Per common share:

        

Net income (diluted)

  $0.13   $0.51   $0.58   $0.52 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Dividends

  $0.17   $0.17   $0.17   $0.15 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

   2016 Quarters Ended 
   December 31,   September 30,   June 30,   March 31, 
   (dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Interest and dividend income:

        

Loans:

        

Discount accretion PCI – cash basis

  $483   $777   $426   $269 

Discount accretion PCI – other

   658    569    415    (45

Discount accretion PNCI

   637    883    1,459    868 

All other loan interest income

   34,463    33,540    32,038    33,646 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loan interest income

   36,241    35,769    34,338    34,738 

Debt securities, dividends and interest bearing cash at Banks (not FTE)

   8,374    7,940    8,252    8,056 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest income

   44,615    43,709    42,590    42,794 

Interest expense

   1,460    1,439    1,430    1,392 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest income

   43,155    42,270    41,160    41,402 

(Benefit from reversal of) provision for loan losses

   (1,433   (3,973   (773   209 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest income after provision for loan losses

   44,588    46,243    41,933    41,193 

Noninterest income

   12,462    11,066    11,245    9,790 

Noninterest expense

   36,563    37,416    38,267    33,751 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

   20,487    19,893    14,911    17,232 

Income tax expense

   7,954    7,694    5,506    6,558 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

  $12,533   $12,199   $9,405   $10,674 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Per common share:

        

Net income (diluted)

  $0.54   $0.53   $0.41   $0.46 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Dividends

  $0.15   $0.15   $0.15   $0.15 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 2022 Quarters Ended
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)December 31,September 30,June 30,March 31,
Interest and dividend income:
Loans:
Discount accretion$1,751 $714 $1,677 $1,323 
All other loan interest income80,005 75,242 68,241 56,422 
Total loan interest income81,756 75,956 69,918 57,745 
Debt securities, dividends and interest bearing cash at banks21,233 20,410 17,037 11,450 
Total interest income102,989 96,366 86,955 69,195 
Interest expense4,089 2,260 1,909 1,271 
Net interest income98,900 94,106 85,046 67,924 
Provision for credit losses4,245 3,795 2,100 8,330 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses94,655 90,311 82,946 59,594 
Noninterest income15,880 15,640 16,430 15,096 
Noninterest expense59,469 54,465 56,264 46,447 
Income before income taxes51,066 51,486 43,112 28,243 
Income tax expense14,723 14,148 11,748 7,869 
Net income$36,343 $37,338 $31,364 $20,374 
Per common share:
Net income (diluted)$1.09 $1.12 $0.93 $0.67 
Dividends$0.30 $0.30 $0.25 $0.25 

2021 Quarters Ended
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)December 31,September 30,June 30,March 31,
Interest and dividend income:
Loans:
Discount accretion$1,780 $2,034 $2,566 $1,712 
All other loan interest income59,024 58,691 57,738 58,724 
Total loan interest income60,804 60,725 60,304 60,436 
Debt securities, dividends and interest bearing cash at banks10,220 8,903 8,175 7,480 
Total interest income71,024 69,628 68,479 67,916 
Interest expense1,241 1,395 1,396 1,476 
Net interest income69,783 68,233 67,083 66,440 
Provision for (benefit from reversal of) credit losses980 (1,435)(260)(6,060)
Net interest income after provision for (benefit from) credit losses68,803 69,668 67,343 72,500 
Noninterest income16,502 15,095 15,957 16,110 
Noninterest expense46,679 45,807 44,171 41,618 
Income before income taxes38,626 38,956 39,129 46,992 
Income tax expense10,404 11,534 10,767 13,343 
Net income$28,222 $27,422 $28,362 $33,649 
Per common share:
Net income (diluted)$0.94 $0.92 $0.95 $1.13 
Dividends$0.25 $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 

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MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Management of TriCo Bancshares is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in the 2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation under the framework in the 2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework, management of the Company has concluded the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Securities Exchange Act of 1934Rules 13a-15(f), as of December 31, 2017.

2022.

Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting can also be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.

Management is also responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements and other financial information contained in this report. The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and include, as necessary, best estimates and judgments by management.

In addition to management’s assessment, Crowe HorwathMoss Adams LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017,2022, and the Company’s effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017,2022, dated March 1, 2018,2023, as stated in its report, which is included herein.

/s/ Richard P. Smith

Richard P. Smith


President and Chief Executive Officer

/s/ Thomas J. Reddish

Peter G. Wiese

Thomas J. Reddish

Peter G. Wiese
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

March 1, 2018

2023


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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors and Shareholders

of

TriCo Bancshares

Chico, California



Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting


We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of TriCo Bancshares (and subsidiaries) (the “Company”) as of December 31, 20172022 and 2016,2021, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017,2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial“consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017,2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework:Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).


In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 20172022 and 2016,2021, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the three-year period ended December 31, 20172022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017,2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework:Framework (2013) issued by COSO.



Basis for Opinions


The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’sManagement Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.


We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.


Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures thatto respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.



Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting


A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.


Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.









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Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.


Allowance for Credit Losses - Loan Risk Ratings, Reasonable and Supportable Forecasts and Qualitative Factors

As discussed in Note 1 and Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s allowance for credit losses for loans was $105,680,000 as of December 31, 2022, and consists of both historical credit loss experience and management’s estimates of current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company’s allowance for credit losses for loans is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on such loans and is a material and complex estimate requiring significant management judgment in the estimation of expected lifetime losses within the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date.

We identified management’s risk rating of loans and the qualitative and environmental factors related to California’s unemployment and unemployment outlook, Global Economic Uncertainty, and US Policy Uncertainty, which are components of the reasonable and supportable forecasts, as critical audit matters. In estimating the allowance for credit losses on loans, the Company utilizes relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company considers relevant credit quality indicators for each loan segment, stratifies loans by risk rating, and estimates losses for each loan cohort based upon their nature, historical experience, and risk profile. This process requires significant management judgment in the review of the loan portfolio and assignment of risk ratings based upon the characteristics of loans. In addition, estimation of the lifetime expected credit losses for loans requires significant management judgment, particularly as it relates to forecast components of California’s unemployment and unemployment outlook, Global Economic Uncertainty and US Policy Uncertainty applied over the life of the loans. Auditing these complex judgments and assumptions involves especially challenging auditor judgment due to the nature and extent of audit evidence and effort required to address these matters.

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:

Testing the design, implementation and operating effectiveness of controls relating to management’s calculation of the allowance for credit losses on loans, including controls over the review of loans and assignment of risk ratings and evaluation of the environmental and forecast factors related to California’s unemployment and unemployment outlook, Global Economic Uncertainty, and US Policy Uncertainty.

Performing a sensitivity analysis to identify loan segments that would materially impact the allowance for credit losses due to risk rating changes as well as evaluating the appropriateness of the Company’s loan risk ratings and testing a risk-based targeted selection of loans to obtain substantive evidence that the Company is appropriately rating these loans in accordance with its policies, and that the risk ratings for the loans are reasonable.

Evaluating the reasonableness and appropriateness of the estimated California unemployment factor and the estimated unemployment outlook forecast factor, the Global Economic Uncertainty outlook factor, and the US Policy Uncertainty outlook factor utilized by management in forming the environmental factor by comparing forecasts to relevant external data, including historical trends.

Testing the mathematical accuracy and computation of the allowance for credit losses for loans by re-performing or independently calculating significant elements of the allowance and utilizing relevant source documents, including testing the completeness and accuracy of the data used in the calculation.


Business Combination – Valley Republic Bancorp acquired loans valuation

As discussed in Note 1 and Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, on March 25, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Valley Republic Bancorp (VRB). Total merger consideration, including cash and stock transactions, was approximately $174 million. The fair value of total assets acquired as a result of the merger totaled $1.4 billion (net of cash consideration), with loans totaling $771 million, and resulting in $83.6 million of acquired goodwill. The merger was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting in which assets, liabilities, and consideration exchanged were recorded at their respective fair values at the merger date. To estimate the fair value of the acquired loans, the Company utilized a discounted cash flow methodology that involved assumptions and judgments as to principal default and loss rates, prepayment rates, and market discount rates. The acquired loans were recorded at fair value at the acquisition date without carryover of VRB’s previously established allowance for loan losses.

We identified the valuation of acquired loans as a critical audit matter because of the judgments necessary by management to identify purchased loans with deteriorated credit quality since acquisition and to determine the fair value of the loan portfolio acquired, and the related high degree of auditor judgment and the extensive audit effort involved in testing management’s significant estimates and assumptions, including using individuals with specialized skill and knowledge.

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The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:

Testing the design, implementation and operating effectiveness of controls relating to the completeness and accuracy of acquired loan level data, and the fair value estimate of acquired loans, including significant assumptions and methods utilized in the calculation.

Testing the completeness and accuracy of acquired loan level data used in the fair value estimate calculation.

Testing the completeness and accuracy of loans identified as purchase credit deteriorated since origination and evaluating identification criteria utilized by management.

Utilizing our internal valuation specialists to:

Test management’s approach to the fair value estimate for reasonableness.

Validate the reasonableness of assumptions utilized in the determination of the fair value of acquired loans, including the principal default and loss rates, prepayment rates and market discount rates assumptions.

Independently estimate the fair value of the acquired loans and compare it to the fair value recorded by management.


/s/ Moss Adams LLP

Sacramento, California
March 1, 2023

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2012.

Sacramento, California

March 1, 2018

104

2018.

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ITEM 9.    CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of December 31, 2017,2022, the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form10-K, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inRule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer each concluded that as of December 31, 2017,2022, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in this Annual Report on Form10-K was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and instructions for Form10-K.

(b) Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting and Attestation Report of Registered Public Accounting Firm

Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting is set forth on page 103104 of this report and is incorporated herein by reference. The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 20172022, has been audited by Crowe HorwathMoss Adams LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report, which is set forth on page 104pages 105 - 107 of this report and is incorporated herein by reference.

(c) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

No change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting occurred during the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2017,2022, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B.OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 9B.    OTHER INFORMATION
All information required to be disclosed in a current report on Form8-K during the fourth quarter of 20172022 was so disclosed.

105


ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURES REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

None
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PART III

ITEM 10.    DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information required by this Item 10 shall either be incorporated herein by reference from the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 20182023 annual meeting of shareholders, which will be filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A or included in an amendment to this Form10-K.

ITEM 11.    EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Equity Compensation Plans
The following table shows shares reserved for issuance for outstanding options, stock appreciation rights and warrants granted under our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2022. All of our equity compensation plans have been approved by shareholders.
Plan category(a) Number of securities to
be issued upon exercise
of outstanding options,
options, warrants and rights
(b) Weighted average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
(c) Number of securities remaining available
for issuance under future equity compensation plans
(excluding securities reflected in column (a))
Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders— $— — 
Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders15,500 $21.27 708,625 
Total15,500 $21.27 708,625 
The information required by this Item 11 shall either be incorporated herein by reference from the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 20182023 annual meeting of shareholders, which will be filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A or included in an amendment to this Form10-K.

ITEM 12.    SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this Item 12 shall either be incorporated herein by reference from the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 20182023 annual meeting of shareholders, which will be filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A or included in an amendment to this Form10-K.

ITEM 13.    CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this Item 13 shall either be incorporated herein by reference from the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 20182023 annual meeting of shareholders, which will be filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A or included in an amendment to this Form10-K.

ITEM 14.    PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this Item 14 shall either be incorporated herein by reference from the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 20182023 annual meeting of shareholders, which will be filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A or included in an amendment to this Form10-K.

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PART IV

ITEM 15.    EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)Documents filed as part of this report:

1.All Financial Statements.

(a)Documents filed as part of this report:
1.All Financial Statements.
The consolidated financial statements of Registrant are included in Item 8 of this report, and are incorporated herein by reference.

2.Financial statement schedules.

2. Financial statement schedules.
Schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable or are not required under the instructions contained in RegulationS-X or because the information required to be set forth therein is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto at Item 8 of this report.

3.Exhibits.

3. Exhibits.
The exhibit list required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Exhibit Index filed with this report.

(b)Exhibits filed:
(b)Exhibits filed:

See Exhibit Index under Item 15(a)(3) above for the list of exhibits required to be filed by Item 601 of regulationS-K with this report.

(c)Financial statement schedules filed:

See Item 15(a)(2) above.

106


EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit
No.

Exhibit

Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated as of January  21, 2014 by and between TriCo Bancshares and North Valley Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to TriCo’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 21, 2014).
  3.1Agreement and Plan of Reorganization dated as of December  11, 2017, by and between TriCo Bancshares and FNB Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to TriCo’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 11, 2017).
Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization dated as of July 27, 2021, by and between TriCo Bancshares and Valley Republic Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to TriCo’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 27, 2021).
Restated Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to TriCo’s Current Report on Form8-K filed on March 17, 2009).
  3.2Bylaws of TriCo, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to TriCo’s Current Report on Form8-K filed February 17, 2011).
4.1
  4.1Instruments defining the rights of holders of the long-term debt securities of the TriCo and its subsidiaries are omitted pursuant to section (b)(4)(iii)(A) of Item 601 of RegulationS-K. TriCo hereby agrees to furnish copies of these instruments to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
TriCo Bancshares securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Form of Change of Control Agreement among TriCo, Tri Counties Bank and each of Dan Bailey, Craig Carney, John Fleshood, Richard O’Sullivan,Peter Wiese and Thomas Reddishother executives (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to TriCo’s Current Report on Form8-K filed on July 23, 2013)April 14, 2021).
10.2*TriCo’s 2001 Stock Option Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to TriCo’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2005).
10.3*TriCo’s 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to TriCo’s Current Report on Form8-K filed April 3, 2013).
10.4*Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between TriCo, Tri Counties Savings Bank and Richard Smith dated as of March  28, 2013April 12, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to TriCo’s Current Report on Form8-K filed April 3, 2013)13, 2021).
10.5*Transaction Bonus Agreement between TriCo Bancshares and Richard P. Smith dated as of August  7, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to TriCo’s Form8-K filed on August 13, 2014).
10.6*Tri Counties Bank Executive Deferred Compensation Plan restated April 1, 1992, and January  1, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to TriCo’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2005).
10.7*Tri Counties Bank Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors effective January  1, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1010.12 to TriCo’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2005).
10.8*2005 Tri Counties Bank Deferred Compensation Plan for Executives and Directors effective January  1, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to TriCo’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2005).
The Restated 2005 Tri Counties Bank Deferred Compensation Plan for Executives and Directors (Effective January 1, 2021).
10.9*Tri Counties Bank Supplemental Retirement Plan for Directors dated September 1, 1987, as restated January  1, 2001, and amended and restated January 1, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to TriCo’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004).
10.10*2004 TriCo Bancshares Supplemental Retirement Plan for Directors effective January 1, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to TriCo’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004).
10.11*Tri Counties Bank Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan effective September 1, 1987, as amended and restated January  1, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to TriCo’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004).
10.12*2004 TriCo Bancshares Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan effective January  1, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to TriCo’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004).
10.13*Form of Joint Beneficiary Agreement effective March  31, 2003 between Tri Counties Bank and each of George Barstow, Dan Bay, Ron Bee, Craig Carney Robert Elmore, Greg Gill, Richard Miller, Richard O’Sullivan, Thomas Reddish, Jerald Sax, and Richard Smith (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to TriCo’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003).
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10.14*Form of Joint Beneficiary Agreement effective March  31, 2003 between Tri Counties Bank and each of Don Amaral, William Casey, Craig Compton, John Hasbrook, and Michael Koehnen Donald Murphy, Carroll Taresh, and Alex Vereschagin (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to TriCo’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003).
10.15*Form of Tri Counties Bank Executive Long Term Care Agreement effective June  10, 2003 between Tri Counties Bank and each of Craig Carney Richard Miller, Richard O’Sullivan, and Thomas Reddish (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to TriCo’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003).
10.16*Form of Tri Counties Bank Director Long Term Care Agreement effective June  10, 2003 between Tri Counties Bank and each of Don Amaral, William Casey, Craig Compton, John Hasbrook, and Michael Koehnen Carroll Taresh, and Alex Vereschagin (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to TriCo’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003).
10.17*Form of Indemnification Agreement between TriCo and its directors and executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to TriCo’s Current Report on Form8-K filed September 10, 2013).
10.18*Form of Indemnification Agreement between Tri Counties Bank and its directors and executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to TriCo’s Current Report on Form8-K filed September 10, 2013).
10.19Form of Stock Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Unit Award, and Performance Share Award Agreements, and Notice of Grant of Stock Option pursuant to TriCo’s 2009 Equity Incentive Plan.Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to TriCo’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017).
10.20*Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement and Grant Notice forNon-Employee Executives pursuant to TriCo’s 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to TriCo’s Current Report on Form8-K filed November 14, 2014).

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Item 6 – Exhibits (continued)

  10.21*Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement and Grant Notice for Non-Employee Directors pursuant to TriCo’s 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to TriCo’s Current Report on Form8-K filed November 14, 2014).
  10.22*Form of Performance Award Agreement and Grant Notice pursuant to TriCo’s 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to TriCo’s Current Report on Form8-K filed August 13, 2014).
  10.23*John Fleshood Offer Letter dated November 3, 2016TriCo's 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.110.26 to TriCo’s CurrentTriCo's Annual Report on Form8-K 10-K filed on November 30, 2016)March 2, 2019).
  10.24*AmendmentForm of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement and Grant Notice for Non-employee Directors pursuant to John Fleshood Offer Letter dated December  19, 2016TriCo's 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to TriCo’s Current99.1 of TriCo's Quarterly Report on Form8-K filed on November 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2016)2019).
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement and Grant Notice for Employees pursuant to TriCo's 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 of TriCo's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019).
  21.1Form of Performance Award Agreement and Grant Notice pursuant to TriCo's 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of TriCo's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019).
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement and Grant Notice for Executives pursuant to TriCo's 2019 Equity Incentive Plan.
Form of Performance Award and Grant Notice for Executives pursuant to TriCo's 2019 Equity Incentive Plan.
List of Subsidiaries
  23.1Consent of Moss Adams LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’s ConsentFirm
  31.1Rule13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of CEO
  31.2Rule13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of CFO
  32.1Section 1350 Certification of CEOCEO**
  32.2Section 1350 Certification of CFOCFO**
101.INS
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101)

*Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

108

*    Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
**    Furnished herewith. This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
(c)Financial statement schedules filed:
See Item 15(a)(2) above.
ITEM 16.    FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: March 1, 2023

TRICO BANCSHARES

Date: March 1, 2018

By:By:/s/ Richard P. Smith
Richard P. Smith, President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Date: March 1, 2023/s/ Richard P. Smith
Richard P. Smith, Chairman of the Board, President, Chief Executive
Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: March 1, 2023/s/ Peter G. Wiese
Peter G. Wiese, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Date: March 1, 2018

/s/ Richard P. Smith

Richard P. Smith, President, Chief Executive

Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: March 1, 2018

2023

/s/ Thomas J. Reddish

Kirsten E. Garen

Thomas J. Reddish, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Kirsten E. Garen, Director

Date: March 1, 2018

2023

/s/ Donald J. Amaral

Cory W. Giese

Donald J. Amaral,Cory W. Giese, Independent Lead Director

Date: March 1, 2018

2023

/s/ William J. Casey

John S.A. Hasbrook

William J. Casey,John S.A. Hasbrook, Director and Chairman of the Board

Date: March 1, 2018

2023

/s/ Craig S. Compton

Margaret L. Kane

Craig S. Compton,Margaret L. Kane, Director

Date: March 1, 2018

2023

/s/ L. Gage Chrysler

Michael W. Koehnen

L. Gage Chrysler,Michael W. Koehnen, Director

Date: March 1, 2018

2023

/s/ Cory W. Giese

Anthony L. Leggio

Cory W. Giese,Anthony L. Leggio, Director

Date: March 1, 2018

2023

/s/ John S.A. Hasbrook

Martin A. Mariani

John S.A. Hasbrook,Martin A. Mariani, Director

Date: March 1, 2018

2023

/s/ Patrick A. Kilkenny

Thomas C. McGraw

Patrick A. Kilkenny,Thomas C. McGraw, Director

Date: March 1, 2018

2023

/s/ Michael W. Koehnen

Kimberley H. Vogel

Michael W. Koehnen,Kimberley H. Vogel, Director

Date: March 1, 2018

2023

/s/ Martin A. Mariani

Martin A. Mariani, Director

Jon Y. Nakamura

Date: March 1, 2018

/s/ W. Virginia Walker

W. Virginia Walker,Jon Y. Nakamura, Director

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111TriCo Bancshares 2022 10-K