UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM10-K10-K/A

AMENDMENT NO. 1

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20172018

or

For the transition period from                    to                    

Commission file number001-35003

RigNet, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (281)674-0100

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of RegulationS-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of RegulationS-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form10-K or any amendment to this Form10-K.  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, anon-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of June 30, 2017,2018, which was the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”) held bynon-affiliates of the registrant on such date was approximately $289.6$148.2 million. For purposes of this calculation, only executives and directors are deemed to be affiliates of the registrant. At February 28, 2018,2019, there were outstanding 18,232,87219,464,847 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 20182019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Commission within 120 days of December 31, 20172018 are incorporated herein by reference in Part III of this Annual Report.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

In April 2019, our management identified an operational deficiency related to reporting requirements under our Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (Credit Agreement). For periods prior to and including December 31, 2018, the definition of “Consolidated Funded Indebtedness” used in our consolidated leverage ratio calculation included “the maximum amount available to be drawn under issued and outstanding letters of credit (including standby and commercial), bankers’ acceptances, bank guarantees, surety bonds and similar instruments” and certain restrictions were in place on the incurrence of such instruments. We identified that in periods beginning at least as early as March 31, 2014, we had incurred and not appropriately included certain surety bonds or other similar instruments in our consolidated leverage ratio calculation. As a result, on May 6, 2019, the Company entered into a Consent and Waiver (Consent) to the Credit Agreement with the financial institutions party thereto under which we are permitted to exclude certain incurred surety bonds and other similar instruments from the calculation of Consolidated Funded Indebtedness for the period ended March 31, 2019. In addition, the Consent waived all specified violations for all prior periods.

We continue to work with the financial institutions under our Credit Agreement to ensure that the Credit Agreement does not impede our ordinary-course business operations with respect to surety bonds and other similar instruments.

Assessment of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

In assessing the severity of this deficiency, management considered several circumstances surrounding the deficiency including (i) the fact that surety bonds do not represent an outstanding obligation of the Company, (ii) the fact that these surety bonds do not impact our consolidated balance sheets or the related consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, cash flows, and equity, (iii) the speed and willingness with which the financial institutions waived previous violations and agreed to exclude such surety bonds from our calculation of Consolidated Funded Indebtedness for March 31, 2019, (iv) the high probability that the financial institutions would have waived this violation had it been identified upon first occurrence, (v) the fact that we have never had a claim against a surety bond, and (vi) the very low probability that the financial institutions would have “called” our outstanding debt, or enforced any other rights or remedy under the Credit Agreement.

We acknowledge that we should have disclosed the technical covenant breach when the breach originally occurred and that this omitted disclosure, regardless of circumstances above, could be deemed material. Therefore, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have concluded that, for periods prior to and including December 31, 2018, we had a material weakness in our disclosure controls and procedures.

The material weakness did not result in any misstatement to our consolidated balance sheets or the related consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, cash flows, and equity for the year ended December 31, 2018, or any period prior to this date.

Remediation Efforts

Since identifying this deficiency, we have enhanced our internal controls related to our debt covenant calculations by:

We also believe we have accurately calculated and reported our required debt covenant calculations for the March 31, 2019 reporting period and are in compliance with required covenant ratios.

This Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A (Amendment) amends RigNet, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 (Original Filing). The purpose of this Amendment No.1 is to:

As required by Rule 12b-15 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, we have included the entire text of the Items amended in this Amendment No. 1. However, there have been no changes to the text of such items other than the changes stated in the immediately preceding listing. Other than as described above and the inclusion with this Amendment No. 1 of new certifications by management, a new consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, and related amendments to the List of Exhibits contained in Part IV, Item 15 of the Original Filing, this Amendment No. 1 speaks only as of the date of the Original Filing and does not amend, supplement or update any information contained in the Original Filing to give effect to any subsequent events. Accordingly, this Amendment No. 1 should be read in conjunction with the Original Filing and our reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) subsequent to the Original Filing. The filing of this Amendment shall not be deemed an admission that the Original Filing, when made, included any untrue statements of material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make a statement misleading.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART III

Item 7.Management’s Discussion And Analysis Of Financial Condition And Results Of Operations

General

For convenienceThe following discussion should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form10-K,10-K. “RigNet”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”,This discussion contains forward-looking statements about our business and “our” refer to RigNet, Inc. and its subsidiaries takenoperations. Our future results may differ materially from those we currently anticipate as a whole, unless otherwise noted.result of the factors we describe under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form10-K.

Executive Overview

We deliver advanced software, optimized industry solutions, and communications infrastructure that allow our customers to realize the business benefits of digital transformation. With world-class, ultra-secure solutions spanning global IP connectivity, bandwidth-optimized OTT applications, IoT big data enablement, and industry-leading machine learning analytics, RigNet supports the full evolution of digital enablement, empowering businesses to respond faster to high priority issues, mitigate the risk of operational disruption, and maximize their overall financial performance.

Our Operations

We are a global technology company that provides customized data and communications services, applications and cybersecurity solutions enhancing customer decision making and business performance. We provide solutions ranging from fully-managed voice and data networks to more advanced networks and applications that include video conferencing, asset and weather monitoring, real-time data services and cybersecurity primarily under a multi-service recurring revenue model.

services. Customers use our private networks to manage information flows and execute mission-critical operations primarily in remote areas where conventional telecommunications infrastructure is either unreliable or unavailable. We provide our clients what is often the sole means of communications for their remote operations.

As On top of December 31, 2017,and vertically integrated into these networks we were the primary provider of remote communications and collaborativeprovide services to approximately 500 customers reaching over 1100 remote sites located in approximately 50 countries on six continents. For the year ended December 31, 2017, our revenue generatedranging from countries outside of the U.S. represented 69.0% of total revenue.

The emergence of highly sophisticated processing and visualization systems has allowed our customers to make decisions based on real-time information carried by our network from anywhere in the world. We deliverturn-key solutions and value-added services that simplify the management of multiple communications needs, allowing our customers to focus their attention on their core operations. Our customer solutions enable broadbandfully-managed voice, data, voice and video communications with quality, availability,to more advanced services including: cyber security threat detection and scalability. Key aspects of our services include:

We procure bandwidth from independent commercial satellite-services operators and terrestrial wireless and landline providers to meet the needs of our customers forend-to-endIP-based communications. This allows RigNet to provide hybrid network solutions which greatly improves networkup-time by using multiple and diverse sources of

bandwidth. We generally own the network infrastructure and communications equipment we install at remote sites as well as equipmentco-located in third-party teleport facilities and data centers, all of which we procure through various equipment providers. By owning the network infrastructure and communications equipment on the customer premises, we are better able to select the optimal equipment for each customer solution as well as ensure the quality of our services.

Our Industry

The technology and remote telecommunications industry is highly competitive with a variety of companies and potential new entrants from adjacent vertical markets and the broader value chain. We serve customers with customized communications, applications and cybersecurity solutions that connect to remote locations via global “always-connected, always secure, always learning” networks, driving demand for reliable, managed communications services in a variety of environmental conditions. We are now seeking to expand our customer base beyond oil and gas drillers and exploration and production, and oilfield service companies to other markets including midstream pipelines, maritime, engineering and construction, disaster recovery services, banking and governments.

The customers we serve depend on maximum reliability, quality and continuity of products and services. Our Customers with geographically dispersed operations are particularly motivated to use secure and highly reliable communications networks due to several factors:

While we experience competition in our markets, we believe that our Applications andInternet-of-Things offerings are a key differentiator and coupled with our established relationships with customers and proven performance serve as significant barriers to entry.

Operations

We are a global technology company that provides customized communications services, applications and cybersecurity solutions enhancingenhance customer decision making and business performance.

MCS and Apps & IoT customers are primarily served under fixed-price contracts, either on a monthly or day rate basis or for equipment sales. Our business operationscontracts are divided intogenerally in the form of Master Service Agreements, or MSAs, with specific services being provided under individual service orders. Offshore contracts generally have a term of up to three reportable segments: Managed Services, Applicationsyears with renewal options. Land-based contracts are generally shorter term or terminable on short notice without a penalty. Service orders are executed under the MSA for individual remote sites or groups of sites, andInternet-of-Things generally permit early termination on short notice without penalty in the event of force majeure, breach of the MSA or cold stacking of a drilling rig (when a rig is taken out of service and is expected to be idle for a protracted period of time). Systems Integration. ForIntegration customers are served primarily under fixed-price, long-term contracts.

Segment information is prepared consistent with the components of the enterprise for which separate financial information about our reportable segments, see Note 12 — “Segment Information” in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report onForm 10-K.is available and regularly evaluated by the chief operating decision-maker for the purpose of allocating resources and assessing performance. Managed Communications was renamed Managed Communications Services (MCS).

Corporate and eliminations primarily represents unallocated executive and support activities, interest expense, income taxes, eliminations, the GX dispute and change in fair value ofearn-out/contingent consideration.

We previously operated our business under two reportable segments: Managed ServicesCost of revenue consists primarily of satellite charges, voice and data termination costs, network operations expenses, internet connectivity fees, equipment purchases for Systems Integration (previously called SI&A). Duringprojects and direct service labor. Satellite charges consist of the costs associated with obtaining satellite bandwidth (the measure of capacity) used in the transmission of service to and from contracted satellites. Direct service labor consists of field technicians, our Network Operations Center (NOC) employees, and other employees who directly provide services to customers. Network operations expenses consist primarily of costs associated with the operation of our NOC, which is maintained 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Depreciation and amortization are recognized on all property, plant and equipment either installed at a customer’s site or held at our corporate and regional offices, as well as intangibles arising from acquisitions and internal use software. Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries and commissions, travel costs and marketing communications. General and administrative expenses consist of expenses associated with our management, finance, contract, support and administrative functions.

Profitability generally increases or decreases at a MCS site as we add or lose customers and value-added services. Assumptions used in developing the rates for a site may not cover cost variances from inherent uncertainties or unforeseen obstacles, including both physical conditions and unexpected problems encountered with third party service providers.

Recent Developments

On February 13, 2019, the Company entered into the first amendment to the third amended and restated credit agreement (Updated Credit Agreement) with four participating financial institutions. The Updated Credit Agreement provides for a $15.0 million term loan facility, a $30.0 million term out facility and an $85.0 million revolving credit facility. The revolving credit facility and term out facility mature on April 6, 2021. The term loan facility matures on December 31, 2020.

In January 2019, we announced the appointment of retired Rear Admiral Jamie Barnett as Senior Vice President of Government Services.

We have committed to upgrade our Gulf of Mexico microwave network. In conjunction with a major U.S. carrier, this upgrade will add 4G LTE services and 5G capabilities to the existing network. Additionally, we purchased an office in Lafayette, Louisiana that will consolidate three separate legacy facilities. The Gulf of Mexico LTE network buildout project and the buildout of the Lafayette, Louisiana office will increase capital expenditures into 2019.

In August 2018, we announced the appointment of Lee M. Ahlstrom as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.

In July 2018, we paid anearn-out of $8.0 million in connection with the March 2016 acquisition of TECNOR. The $2.1 million change in fair value of theearn-out in the year ended December 31, 2018 is primarily related to the second quarter 2018 negotiations with the sellers of 2017, afterTECNOR on the amount of theearn-out. Additionally, we have agreed to pay the sellers of TECNOR up to $1.0 million in either cash or RigNet stock payable in 2019 for the collection of certain accounts receivable balances. As of December 31, 2018, the fair value for the agreement to collect certain accounts receivable was zero.

On April 18, 2018, we completed the separate acquisitions of Automation Communications Engineering Corp. (Auto-Comm) and Safety Controls, Inc. (SAFCON) for an aggregate purchase price of $6.7 million. Of this aggregate purchase price, we paid $2.6 million in cash and $4.1 million in stock. Auto-Comm provides a broad range of communications services, for both onshore and offshore remote locations, to the oil and gas industry. Auto-Comm brings over 30 years of systems integration experience in engineering and design, installation, testing, and maintenance. SAFCON offers a diverse set of safety, security, and maintenance services to the oil and gas industry. Auto-Comm and SAFCON have developed strong relationships with major energy companies that complement the relationships that we have established over the years. Auto-Comm and SAFCON are based in Louisiana.

On March 23, 2018, we completed the acquisition of Energy Satellite Services (ESS)Intelie Soluções Em Informática S.A (Intelie), for an estimated aggregate purchase price of $18.1 million. Of this aggregate purchase price, we reorganized our businesspaid R$10.6 million (BRL) (or approximately $3.2 million) in cash, $7.3 million in stock and reportable segments. Applications andexpect to pay $7.6 million worth of RigNet stock as contingent considerationInternet-of-Thingsearn-out, is now managed and presentedestimated as a separate segment, and was previously presented in the Managed Services segment. All historical segment financial data included herein has been recast to conform to the current year presentation. We now operate three reportable segments, which are managed as distinct segments by our chief operating decision-maker.

For the periods referenced below, we were serving the following sites listed in the table below:

Our Strategy

Through our engineering expertise, technical sales force and operational capabilities, we will continue to position ourselves to capture new business opportunities and offer a full range of solutions up the technology stack allowing our customers to be “always connected, always secure and always learning” with the suite of innovative solutions that we have acquired and developed.

To serve our customers and grow our business, we intend to aggressively pursue the following:

Develop and market additional Applications andInternet-of-Things solutions:We intend to continue to serve our customers’ needs by developing and commercializing additional services that complement our wide array of available remote communications services. These Applications andInternet-of-Things solutions provide contentOver-the-Top (OTT) of the Managed Service offering. We have developeddate of acquisition. The initial estimate of theearn-out payable was preliminary and acquired solutions including applications (Apps),IP-enabled device connectivity orInternet-of-Things (IoT), including SCADA and SaaS offerings including BlackTIE and CyphreLink encryption cyber security, weather monitoring primarily in the North Sea (MetOcean) and certain other solutions such as Adaptive Video Intelligence (AVI). In addition, when we close our recently announced acquisition of Intelie soluções em Informática SA (Intelie), we will offer real time data monitoring andmachine-to-machine learning in both the oil and gas industries and other markets. We expect that over the next several years our customer base will require and we will develop a variety of advanced new services including solutions that improve safety, increase efficiency and enhance crew welfare. The services we develop are complemented by our customized Managed Services offerings and Systems Integration solutions designed to meet the communication needs of our customers.

Expand market share in all of our business segments:We intend to expand our market share in all of our business segments.

We intend to expand our Managed Service market share by increasing our penetration of the market for drilling rigs, production facilities and support vessels, capturing existing rigs, facilities and vessels from competitors, pursuing fleet-wide opportunities with major customers, pursuing opportunities made available as a result of industry consolidation and increasing penetration in new and underserved geographic markets. Our goal is to make our offering more cost-competitive by lowering our cost structure while simultaneously increasing the technological capabilities of our services through the addition of our proprietary applications. Because of established relationships with our customers, reliable and robust service offerings and high-quality customer service, we believe that we are well-positioned to capture new build and reactivated stacked rigs that our customers add to their fleets as well as to organically gain market share against other providers.

We intend to expand our Applications and IoT market share by investing in new sales and marketing resources related to our offering of products and solutions that we have developed and acquired. We are refocusing our sales force from selling solely managed communications services to selling a complete technology solution to our customers, while leveraging distribution channels to reach other industries.

We intend to expand our Systems Integration market share by pursuing new Systems Integration customers and bids for projects globally to address the growing demand for buildout of large capital projects.

Increase secondary and tertiary customer penetration:We intend to continue to scale our initial capital investment with drilling contractors by using our incumbent position at remote sites to serve the other users on the rig: the exploration and production operators and oilfield service providers. We will seek to increase revenue with low incremental capital costs byup-selling our services to other parties on the rigs, production platforms and support vessels, including drilling contractors, operators and services companies.

Enhance Systems Integration: We intend to enhance the Systems Integration segment and leverage our expertise at building reliable remote communications solutions to add recurring revenue opportunities throughon-going maintenance and service support to the operators of the facility.

Extend our market presence into complementary remote communications segments through organic growth and strategic acquisitions:Our market presence and proven quality of service offer significant organic growth opportunities in targeted adjacent upstream energy segments where we are well positioned to deliver remote communications solutions. Targeted segments include energy andnon-energy related vessels (including seismic and offshore support and supply vessels), offshore fixed and floating production facilities and international onshore drilling rigs and production facilities.

In addition, we will continue to look for and review opportunities in other remote communications market adjacencies that offer significant opportunities for growth and where we are well positioned to take advantage of these opportunities such as aviation, government and mining.

We are also focused on expanding our competitive market position through strategic acquisitions. As we continue to focus on expanding the target markets for our services and solutions, we intend to pursue selective acquisitions of companies and/or technologies that would be complementary to our existing business.

In 2018, we announced an agreement,remains subject to customary closing conditions, to acquire all of the capital stock of Intelie, a real-time, predictive analytics company that is an award-winning, early pioneer in deep machine learning and planning optimization. Intelie will allow us to offer our managed services clients to transmit and analyze in real time data that will improve the efficiency and safety of their services. In addition, we intend to offer Intelie’s products and services to customers outside of the oil and gas industry primarily through distribution partners.

In 2017, we acquired substantially all the assets of ESS. ESS is a supplier of wireless communications services via satellite networks primarily to the midstream sector of the oil and gas industry for remote pipeline monitoring. The assets acquired enhance our product offering, add to our existing midstream SCADA customer portfolio, and strengthen our IoT market position.

In 2017, we acquired substantially all the assets of Data Technology Solutions (DTS). DTS provides comprehensive communications and IT services to the onshore, offshore, and maritime industries, as well as disaster relief solutions to global corporate clients.

In 2017, we completed our acquisition of Cyphre Security Solutions (Cyphre). Cyphre is a cybersecurity company that provides advanced enterprise data protection leveraging BlackTIE hardware-based encryption featuring low latency protection for files at rest and in transit for both public and private cloud.

In 2016, we completed our acquisition of Orgtec S.A.P.I. de C.V., d.b.a TECNOR (TECNOR). As a result of this acquisition, we expanded our services to include a wide array of equipment, voice and data services, satellite coverage and bandwidth options in Mexico. These services are provided to industrial, commercial and private users in diverse activity segments from mission critical military and government applications, oil and gas operations, commercial fishing and leisure.

Competitive Strengths

As a global technology company that provides customized communications services, applications and cybersecurity solutions, our competitive strengths include:

Mission-critical services delivered by a trusted provider with global operations:Our longstanding relationships with the customers we serve provides us with anin-depth understanding of the mission-critical needs of our customers that enables us to tailor our services to their requirements. Our network availability and responsive customer service, along with the high switching costs associated with changing remote communications providers, provide us with a high rate of customer retention. Our global presence allows us to serve our clients around the world, except where government restrictions may apply. Our global terrestrial network also allows us to provide quality of service to prioritize various forms of data traffic for a more effective way to prioritize network traffic. Our ability to offer our customers global coverage sets us apart from regional competitors and allows us to match the breadth of their global operations and speed of deployment. The addition of Cyphre allows us to offerstate-of-the-art encryption and network security services for the data communications necessary to safely and efficiently manage remote operations. In addition, our OTT offerings allow us to leverage our network to provide additional offerings for safety, business productivity improvement and crew comfort.

High-quality customer support with full-time monitoring and regional service centers:Our MPLS global network allows us to provide high quality customer care by enabling us to monitor the networkend-to-end so that we can easily and rapidly identify and resolve any network problems that our customers may experience. As of December 31, 2017, we had 33 service operations centers and warehouses to support and service our customers’ remote sites. We maintain field technicians as well as adequate spare parts and equipment inventory levels in these service operations centers. Our Global Customer Care (GCC) team staffs our Network Operations Center (NOC) 24 hours per day, 365 days per year and provides engineering, service delivery and change management to customers globally. We providenon-stop,end-to-end monitoring and technical support for every customer. This proactive network monitoring allows us to detect problems instantly and keep our services running at optimum efficiency. Fully managed technology is a key reason why we can support solutions that deliver high performance and new technologies that improve productivity.

Operational leverage and multiple paths to growth supported by aplug-and-play MPLS platform:Our scalable, standardized communications platform provides us withplug-and-play capabilities to easily expand or improve service offerings. Our MPLS global platform allows us the ability to add additional services to our standard offerings or change our service offerings on a rig, production platform or energy support vessel with little incremental cost once installed onsite. We can offer these services to all users of the rig, production platform or energy support vessel, including drilling contractors, operators and service companies. We expect this operating leverage to increase profitability as we grow. Our MPLS global platform provides an important advantage by offering higher availability, scalability, flexibility and security than conventional switched transports and accounts for what we believe to be a key reason for the market share we have today of remote installations on offshore and onshore facilities with the potential that we can lift that market share over time.

Scalable systems using standardized equipment that leverages our global infrastructure:We have built our global satellite and terrestrial network with a sufficient amount of flexibility to support our growth without substantial incremental capital investment. Our knowledge and capabilities can be applied to remote sites located anywhere in the world. We install standardized equipment at each remote site, which allows us to provide support and maintenance services for our equipment in a cost-efficient manner. Not all of the components of equipment that we install at each site are the same, but the components that vary are limited in number and tend to be the same for rigs located in the same geography. As of December 31, 2017, we leased capacity from 41 satellites and areco-located at 19 teleports and 33 datacenters worldwide in order to provide ourend-to-end solutions. By leasing rather than owning our network enablers and owning theon-site equipment at each site, we are able to both minimize the capital investment required by the base network infrastructure and maintain the flexibility to install high quality equipment at each site tailored to its locale and environmental conditions. We do own and manage the IP layerend-to-end. The standardized nature of our equipment minimizes execution risk, lowers maintenance and inventory carrying costs and enables ease of service support. In addition, we are able to remain current with technology upgrades due to ourback-end flexibility.

Customized systems integration solutions provided by expert telecoms systems engineers:Through our acquisition of Nessco Group Holdings Ltd (Nessco) in 2012, Inmarsat’s Enterprise Energy business unit in 2014 and TECNOR in 2016 we provide global customized systems integration solutions through our Systems Integration business. As the demand for additional telecommunications products and telecoms systems increase with each new technological advance, the need for well-designed, efficient and reliable network infrastructures becomes increasingly vital to customers. Our solutions are custom designed, built and tested by expert engineers based on the customer’s specifications and requirements, as well as international industry standards and best practices. For those customers requiring reliable remote communications services, maintenance and support services and customized solutions for their network infrastructures, RigNet provides aone-stop-shop to satisfy these demands.

Flexible, provider-neutral technology platform:Because we procure communications connections and networks and equipment from third parties, we are able to customize the best solution for our customers’ needs and reduce our required fixed capital investments. We aim to preserve the flexibility to select particular service providers and equipment so that we may access multiple providers and avoid downtime if anyachievement of our initial providers were to experience any problems. By procuring bandwidth from a variety of communications providers instead of owning our own satellites, we are able to minimize capital investment requirements and can expand our geographic coverage in response to customers’ needs with much greater flexibility. Our product and service portfolio offersbest-in-class technology platforms using the optimal suite of communications and networking capabilities for customers.

Long-term relationships with leading companies in the oil and gas, maritime, pipeline and engineering and construction industries:We have established relationships with some of the largest companies in the oil and gas, maritime, pipeline and engineering and construction industries. Some of our key customers are the leading drilling contractors around the world, with combined offshore fleets of hundreds of rigs, as well as leading oil and gas, oilfield service, maritime, pipeline and engineering and construction companies. In most cases, these customers have high standards of service that favor strategic providers such as RigNet and work in partnership with us to serve their remote operations.

The ability to design and implement a broad range of communication solutions using a range of frequencies and modes of communication: We have the ability to design and implement a broad range of communication solutions using a range of frequencies and modes of communication. These modes of communication include wired, wireless satellite Ku, C and L frequency bands, as well as wireless WiMAX andLine-of-Sight (LOS) microwave. This range of communications solutions allows us to offer competitive and reliable communications solutions in a broad range of remote geographic locations where our customers operate. This helps us meet our customers’ requirements for choosing their provider(s) based on network availability while factoring in price.

Service Offerings

We offer a comprehensive communications package of voice, data, video, networking and real-time data management to offshore and land-based remote locations. We are a single source solutions provider that links multiple offshore or remote sites with real-time onshore decision centers and applications.

Managed Communications Services

The Managed Communications Services we offer includes data, internet, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and technology solutions. We provide these services on our secure and resilient global terrestrial, satellite and wireless networks delivering high availability to remote locations including offshore and onshore oil rigs, productions facilities and supply vessels.

Additionally, our highly scalable networks enable us to offer private networking, wide area network (WAN) acceleration solutions, software-defined(SD-WAN) appliances, content filtering andWi-Fi hotspots. As a result, our customers enjoy a near real-time experience on the corporate data and latency sensitive applications that improves their productivity. The price for these solutions is generally included in the day rate and becomes the basis of the recurring revenue.

Apps & IoT

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

SCADA systems provide the ability to monitor, gather and process data while interacting with machines and devices such as pipelines, valves, pumps and motors. SCADA systems are connected to Human-Machine-Interface (HMI) software and logs events. Our customers deploy SCADA solutions to closely monitor operations when the cost, location and complexity or frequency requirements make technology the best and most practical means of monitoring operations. Our SCADA systems allow us to market to pipeline customers in addition to our traditional drilling and production customers.

Data Analytics

As the demand for Data Analytics expands, we offer our customers Data Analytics that leverage our AVI services to enhance customer productivity and safety. We offer Data Analytics solutions that analyze AVI video and will alert if personnel fall or enter prohibited areas of drilling rigs, production sites, vessels and other mission critical remote sites. We continue to explore expansion (both organically and through acquisition) of our data analytics service offerings to support our customers safety and productivity. When we close our recently announced acquisition of Intelie, we will add powerful real-time data analysis tools that incorporatemachine-to-machine learning and other applications that will increase both safety and efficiency of remote operations.

MetOcean

MetOcean provides accurate, reliable weather data monitoring primarily in the North Sea to support safe and efficient operations.

Adaptive Video Intelligence (AVI) and Video Collaboration Solutions

Our two AVI services increase situational awareness by supporting a live viewing application and are complemented by our Collaboration Service Offering, which utilizes wearable remote presence devices. These offerings enhance the safety and efficiency of our customers. These video services allow our customers to leverage Data Analytics, monitor thecertain post-closing performance of key functions and collaborate with crews at remote sites to troubleshoot equipment, which can save customers time and money. Remote presence devices such as the RigNet Helmet Cam, patent pending, can send video from remote locations to onshore engineers and experts. This allows for real-time decision making that reduces operational downtime, saves travel costs and improves productivity. We continue to explore additional video-based service offerings supporting remote telemedicine, which supports crew well-being and welfare.

Cyphre BlackTIE plus Fornetix with Cyphre’s BlackTIE and CyphreLink Cybersecurity Offerings

Cyphre BlackTIE hardware-based encryption features low latency protection for files at rest and in transit for both public and private clouds, providing high levels of granularity and control that will provide unique protection for our customer’s data. As the demand for cybersecurity and data protection increases, we offer our customers the ability to wrap our Managed Communications Services with the unique granular protection provided by our Cyphre BlackTIE hardware-based encryption. We also intend to offer Cyphre BlackTIE encryption to other industries and customers primarily through channel partners.

Fornetix Key Orchestration is an advanced key management ecosystem that takes traditionally long, manual encryption processes and transforms them into automated, easy-to-use solutions. Benefits include reduced costs, process consistency, enhanced use of encryption, and enterprise modifiability. Fornetix’s Key Orchestration appliance integrates with Cyphre’s BlackTIE-powered offerings to deliver high-performance security solutions that protect the integrity of your encrypted data from continuously evolving threats. The integrated solutions are available immediately.

CyphreLink brings a similar level of data protection to the network that was previously only available to care for data at rest. CyphreLink protects the data as it traverses network links in much the same way Cyphre’s BlackTIE service protects data at rest.

Wi-Fi Hotspot

We offerWi-Fi hotspot solutions that facilitate access to the Internet by personnel in remote facilities. This is advantageous for employers who seek to improve the quality of life for employees by providing Internet access in the living quarters, and for service companies that seek office-like connectivity for their technicians and engineers. TheWi-Fi hotspot solutions provide ready access with a familiar user interface without requiring specialized equipment to connect to the service.

Systems Integration

As the demand for additional telecommunications products and telecoms systems increase with each new technological advance, the need for well-designed, efficient and reliable network infrastructures becomes increasingly vital to our customers. Our Systems Integration solutions provide a complete package of communications infrastructure required to support onshore and offshore facilities for the oil and gas industry. Systems Integration services include the design, procurement, assembly and test, installation and commissioning of communications systems which can include WAN/LAN connectivity, Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) for monitoring and security, access control, public address (PAGA) systems, microwave systems and monitoring and control systems. We also offer a complete package ofon-site and remote support andon-going maintenance capabilities in support of our customer’s installed infrastructure.

In order to service customers on a global scale, Systems Integration Engineering and Procurement (EP) services are provided from facilities in Aberdeen, Houston and Monterrey. We have the ability to facilitate theend-to-end process of telecoms systems mechanical fabrication, build and assembly through to final testing and Factory Acceptance Testing (FAT).

Combining the engineering and service capabilities of our Systems Integration services with our other services and solutions such as our NOC services, OTT offerings, and other managed services allows us to offer our Systems Integration customers a long-term package of maintenance and support options. These offerings provide customers an opportunity to reduce their operational and support costs while ensuring a highly reliable communications infrastructure.

Customer Contracts

In order to streamline the addition of new projects and solidify our position in the market, we have signed contracts with most customers. The specific services being provided are defined under individual service orders that generally have a term of one to three years with renewal options, while land-based locations are generally shorter term or terminable on short notice without penalty. Service orders are executedtargets under the contracts for individual remote sites or groups of sites, and generally may be terminated early on short notice without penalty in the event of force majeure, breach of the agreement or cold stacking of a drilling rig.

Customers

We have an international customer base comprising many of the largest drilling, exploration and production and oilfield service, maritime, pipeline and engineering and construction companies. Although no single customer accounted for 10.0% or more of revenue in 2017, our top 5 customers accounted for 26.8% of our total revenue for 2017.

Suppliers

Although we have preferred suppliers of technology, telecommunications and networking equipment, nearly all technology utilized in our solutionsacquisition agreement. The maximumearn-out is available from more than one supplier. The standardized equipment may be deployed across any site in any geographic area.

In addition, we do not rely on one satellite provider for our entire satellite bandwidth needs except for certain instances in which only one satellite bandwidth provider is available in an operating location, which is typically due to licensing restrictions or only one satellite provider can offer a particular bandwidth. This approach generally allows us flexibility to use the satellite provider that offers the best service for specific areas and to change providers if one provider experiences any problems.

Competition

The technology and remote telecommunications industry is highly competitive. We expect competition in the markets that we serve to persist, intensify and change. We face varying degrees of competition from a wide variety of companies, including new potential entrants from providers to adjacent vertical markets and from forward integration by some of our suppliers deeper in the industry value chain, since successful service and system development is not necessarily dependent upon substantial financial resources.

Our primary global competitor is Speedcast International Ltd. In addition, there are a range of regional providers serving smaller customers. Specifically, in our U.S. onshore operations, we also face competition from: wireless network providers, drilling instrumentation providers, living quarters companies, and other pure-play providers like us.

Our customers generally choose their provider(s) based on the quality and availability of the service and the ability to restore service quickly when there is an outage. Pricing and breadth of service offerings is also a factor. Our customers depend on maximum availability, quality and continuity of products and service. Established relationships with customers and proven performance serve as significant barriers to entry.

Government Regulation

The telecommunications industry is highly regulated. Most of the services we provide require approvals from national and local authorities and compliance with laws and regulations from multiple authorities. In the United States, we are subject to the regulatory authority of the United States, primarily the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Regulation of the telecommunications industry continues to change rapidly. Our U.S. services are currently provided on a private carrier basis and are therefore subject to lighter regulation under the U.S. Communications Act of 1934, as amended (the Act), and the rules and regulations of the FCC than if we were a common carrier. If the FCC or one or more state public utility commissions determine that these services or the services of our subsidiaries or affiliates constitute common carrier offerings subject to common carrier regulations, we may be subject to significant costs to ensure compliance with the applicable provisions of those laws and regulations or we may have to materially alter our service offerings to maintain our private carrier status. We may be subject to enforcement actions including, but not limited to, fines, cease and desist orders, or other penalties if we fail to comply with all applicable requirements.

In 2014, we completed the purchase of Inmarsat’s Enterprise Energy business unit. As part of the acquisition Inmarsat transferred licenses with rights to the electromagnetic spectrum, including fixed microwave licenses, very small aperture terminal (VSAT) earth station licenses, various private and commercial mobile radio service licenses, broadband radio licenses and leases for wireless communications service licenses. Failure to maintain appropriate licenses could subject RigNet to fines imposed by the FCC.

The following is a summary of the regulatory environment in which we currently operate and does not describe all present and proposed international, federal, state and local legislation and regulations affecting the communications industry, some of which may change the way the industry operates as a result of administrative or judicial proceedings or legislative initiatives. We cannot predict the outcome of any of these matters or the impact on our business.

As an evolvingnon-dominant international and domestic carrier under the Act, among other requirements, RigNet must pay various fees including contribution of a percentage of its revenues from telecommunications services to the FCC’s Universal Service Fund (USF) and other federal program funds to subsidize certain user segments, file various reports, and comply with rules that protect customer information and the processing of emergency calls. RigNet is also

subject to the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) and associated FCC regulations that require telecommunications service providers and VoIP providers to configure their networks to facilitate electronic surveillance by law enforcement authorities.

Like the FCC, the state public utility commissions (PUCs) impose various regulatory fees, universal service requirements, reporting and prior approval requirements for transfer or assignments. The FCC and state PUCs have jurisdiction to hear complaints regarding the compliance ornon-compliance with these and other common carrier requirements of the Act and the FCC’s rules, and similar state laws and regulations.

If the FCC or any state PUC determines that RigNet has not complied with federal and/or state regulatory requirements, we may be subject to enforcement actions including, but not limited to, fines, cease and desist orders, license revocation, or other penalties.

Several proceedings pending before the FCC have the potential to significantly alter our USF contribution obligations. The FCC is considering: (1) changing the basis upon which USF contributions are determined from a revenue percentage measurement, as well as increasing the breadth of the USF contribution base to include certain services now exempt from contribution; (2) the classification of MPLS; and (3) the classification of variousIP-enabled services. Adoption of these proposals could have a material adverse effect on our costs of providing service. We are unable to predict the timing or outcome of these proceedings. We cannot predict the application and impact of changes to the federal or state USF contribution requirements on the communications industry generally and on certain of our business activities in particular.

We generally have to register to provide our telecommunications services in each country in which we do business. The foreign laws and regulations governing these services are often complex and subject to change with short or no notice. At times, the rigs or vessels on which our equipment is located and to which our services are provided will need to operate in a new location on short notice and we must quickly make regulatory provisions to provide our services in such countries. Failure to comply with any of the laws and regulations to which we are subject may result in various sanctions, including fines, loss of authorizations and denial of applications for new authorizations or for renewal of existing authorizations.

We must comply with export control laws and regulations, trade and economic sanction laws and regulations of the United States and other countries with respect to the export of telecommunications equipment and services. State and local regulation additionally apply to certain aspects of our business. We are also subject to various anti-corruption laws, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, that prohibit the offering or giving anything of value to government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or for gaining an unfair advantage.

Employees

As of December 31, 2017, we had approximately 503 full time employees consisting of 55 employees in sales and marketing, 77 employees in finance and administration, 360 employees in operations and technical support and 11 employees in management.

Geographic Information

See Note 12 — “Segment Information,” in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form10-K for more information regarding revenues and assets attributable to our domestic and international operations.

Other Information

Corporate Structure and History

We were incorporated in Delaware on July 6, 2004. Our predecessor began operations in 2000 as RigNet Inc., a Texas corporation. In July 2004, our predecessor merged into us. The communications services we provide to the offshore drilling and production industry were established in 2001 by our predecessor, who established initial operations in the Asia Pacific region. We have since evolved into one of the leading global providers of remote communications services.

Our organic growth has also been complemented by several strategic acquisitions which have expanded our service offerings.

In January 2018, we entered into an agreement to purchase Intelie.$17.0 million. Intelie is a real-time, predictive analytics company that combines an operational understanding with a machine learning approach. Intelie facilitates innovation via Intelie Pipes, a distributed query language with a complex event processor to aggregate and normalize real-time data from a myriad of data sources. This technology enables the Intelie LIVE platform to solve data integration, data quality, data governance and monitoring problems. Intelie LIVE is an operational intelligence platform that empowers clients to make timely, data-driven decisions in mission-critical real-time operations, including drilling, and longer-term, data-intensive projects, such as well planning. The acquisition will leverage Intelie’s unique capabilities and market position to distinguish and enhance our bundled communications services. Additionally, Intelie’s team of data scientists and software developers will accelerate our strategy to move up the technology stack, furthering the development of effective applications powered by data. The acquisition of Intelie is subject to certain customary closing conditions, including certain approvals of the Brazilian government. We expect to close the acquisition of Intelie in the first quarter of 2018.

In 2017, we acquired substantially all the assets of ESS, which expanded our product offering, added to our existing midstream SCADA customer portfolio, and strengthened our IoT market position. Additionally, in 2017, we acquired substantially all the assets of DTS, which enhanced our comprehensive communications and IT services to the onshore, offshore, and maritime industries, as well as disaster relief solutions to global corporate clients. Furthermore in 2017, we completed our acquisition of Cyphre, which expanded us into cybersecurity with advanced enterprise data protection leveraging BlackTIE hardware-based encryption. In 2016, with the acquisition of TECNOR, we expanded our services to include a wide array of equipment, voice and data services, satellite coverage and bandwidth options in Mexico serving military, government, maritime, oil and gas customers.

Principal Executive Offices

In January 2017, we signed and announced an eight-year lease for new headquarters space located at 15115 Park Row Blvd, Suite 300, Houston, Texas. Our main telephone number is +1 (281)674-0100.

Company Website and Available Information

The Company’s internet website is www.rig.net. The information found on our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report on Form10-K. The Company makes available free of charge on its website Annual Reports on Form10-K, Quarterly Reports onForm 10-Q, Current Reports on Form8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). This information can also be found on the SEC website at www.sec.gov.

In addition, in the “Governance” section of the Investors page on our web site, we make available our code of ethics and business conduct, our corporate governance guidelines, the charters for our audit, compensation, and corporate governance and nominating committees and various other corporate governance policies and documents.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form10-K contains forward-looking statements, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, as amended, that are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties,Live has broad applicability across many of which are beyond the Company’s control. These statements may include statements about:

These forward-looking statements may be found in Item 1. “Business;” Item 1A. “Risk Factors;” Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and other items within this Annual Report on Form10-K. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “project,” “intend,”, “will”, “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “pursue,” “target,” “continue,” the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes. All of these types of statements, other than statements of historical fact included in this Annual Report on Form10-K, are forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form10-K are largely based on Company expectations, which reflect estimates and assumptions made by Company management. These estimates and assumptions reflect management’s best judgment based on currently known market conditions and other factors. Although the Company believes such estimates and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently uncertain and involve a number of risks and uncertainties beyond its control. In addition, management’s assumptions may prove to be inaccurate. The Company cautions that the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form10-K are not guarantees of future performance, and it cannot assure any reader that such statements will be realized or the forward-looking statements or events will occur. Future results may differ materially from those anticipated or implied in forward looking statements due to factors listed in the “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form10-K. If one or more of these factors materialize, or if any underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual future results, performance or achievements may vary materially from any projected future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made, and other than as required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Factors that could materially affect our business, financial position, operating results or liquidity and the trading price of our common stock are described below. This information should be considered carefully, together with other information in this report and other reports and materials we file with the SEC.

A large portion of our business is subject to the volatility of and is likely to fluctuate with the level of global oil and natural gas exploration, development and production.

Demand for our remote communication services and collaborative applications depends on our customers’ willingness to make operating and capital expenditures to explore, develop and produce oil and natural gas. Our business will suffer if these expenditures decline. Our customers’ willingness to explore, develop and produce oil and natural gas depends largely upon prevailing market conditions that are influenced by numerous factors over which we have no control, including:

Since 2014, oil and gas prices have declined significantly, resulting in reduced expenditures for exploration and production. As a result, we have seen a material decline in the demand for our products and services and significant pressure on the prices we can charge. Furthermore, our customers have experienced declines in their cash flows which has led to delays in payment, or nonpayment, for our products and services. These conditions have had, and may continue to have, a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The Global Xpress (GX) Dispute may have a material adverse effect on us.

See a more complete discussion of the GX Dispute in Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The GX Dispute has and will continue to have an impact on us for the foreseeable future. Preparation for and participation in the arbitration will continue to divert Company resources and management’s attention from our core operations. If the arbitration panel determines that we are liable fortake-or-pay obligation to Inmarsat, there could be a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operation and cash flows.

Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, and if we fail to keep pace with these changes or if access to telecommunications in remote locations becomes easier or less expensive, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.

Recently some remote communications providers are offering the use of Ka-band satellite service, instead of or in addition to theKu-band andC-band satellite space segments used today. Our business may be harmed if our competitors are more successful than us in introducing Ka-band services to meet customer needs.

If alternative telecommunications services to remote locations become more readily accessible or less expensive, our business will suffer. New disruptive technologies could make our VSAT-based networks or other services obsolete or less competitive than they are today, requiring us to reduce the prices that we are able to charge for our services or causing us to undergo expensive transitions to new technologies. We may not be able to successfully respond to new technological developments and challenges or identify and respond to new market opportunities, services or solutions offered by competitors. In addition, our efforts to respond to technological innovations and competition may require significant capital investments and resources.

Failure to obtain and retain skilled personnel could impede our business and growth strategy.

Our operations depend on a highly qualified executive, sales, technical, development, service and management team. Failure to attract, recruit, retain and develop qualified personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In the event that our cyber security measures fail or are otherwise inadequate, our systems or reputation may be damaged which could harm our business, financial conditions and results of operations.

We rely heavily on information systems to run our business. There can be no assurance that the systems we have designed to prevent or limit the effects of cyber incidents or attacks will be sufficient to prevent or detect such attacks. If such incidents or attacks do occur, they could have a material impact on our systems including degradation of service, service disruption, excessive call volume to call centers and damage to our facilities, equipment and data. In addition, we could be adversely affected by the theft or loss of confidential customer data or intellectual property. With the acquisition of Cyphre, we now market our cybersecurity services as an expertise. A successful cyberattack against us may create negative publicity resulting in reputation or brand damage with customers. We may be required to expend significant resources to protect against these events or to alleviate problems, including reputational harm and litigation, caused by these events or the failure or inadequacy of our security systems, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have made and expect to continue to make acquisitions as a primary component of our strategy. We may not be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates or consummate acquisitions on acceptable terms, or we may be unable to successfully integrate acquisitions, which could disrupt our operations and adversely impact our business and operating results.

A primary component of our strategy has been to acquire businesses to grow our product and service offerings. We intend to continue to pursue acquisitions of complementary technologies, products and businesses as a primary component of our growth strategy. Acquisitions involve certain known and unknown risks that could cause our actual growth or operating results to differ from our expectations. For example:

In addition, our acquisition strategy may divert management’s attention away from our existing business, resulting in the loss of key customers or employees, and expose us to unanticipated problems or legal liabilities, including responsibility as a successor for undisclosed or contingent liabilities or acquired businesses or assets.

If we fail to conduct due diligence on our potential targets effectively, we may not identify problems at target companies or fail to recognize incompatibilities or other obstacles to successful integration. Our inability to successfully integrate future acquisitions could impede us from realizing all of the benefits of those acquisitions and could severely weaken our business operations. The integration process may disrupt and, if new technologies, products or businesses are not implemented effectively, may preclude the realization of the full benefits expected by us and could harm our results of operations. In addition, the overall integration of new technologies, products or businesses may result in unanticipated problems, expenses, liabilities and competitive responses. The difficulties in integrating acquisitions include, among other things:

In addition, even if we integrate successfully the operations of an acquisition, we may not realize the full benefits of the acquisition, including the synergies or growth opportunities we expect. These benefits may not be achieved within the anticipated time frame, or at all.

Further, acquisitions may cause us to:

Our customers may terminate many of our contracts on short notice without penalty, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Customers may switch service providers without incurring significant expense relative to the annual cost of the service. Our contracts generally provide that in the event of prolonged loss of service or for other good reasons, our customers may terminate service without penalty. In addition, some of our contracts may be terminated by our customers for no reason and upon short notice. Terms of contracts typically vary with a range from short-term call out work to three years. Work orders placed under such agreements may have shorter terms than the relevant customer agreement. As a result, we may not be able to retain our customers through the end of the terms specified in the contracts, resulting in harm to our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our growth strategy requires substantial capital and acquisition expenditures. We may be unable to obtain required capital or financing on satisfactory terms.

To support our growth strategy, we expect to continue to make substantial capital expenditures and acquisitions. We expect to fund capital expenditures and acquisitions with cash generated by operations and borrowings under our revolving credit facility or capital markets transactions; however, our financing needs may require us to alter or increase our capitalization substantially through the issuance of debt or equity securities. The issuance of additional indebtedness would require that a portion of our cash flow from operations be used for the payment of interest and principal on our indebtedness, thereby reducing our ability to use cash flow from operations to fund working capital, capital expenditures and acquisitions. If additional capital is needed, we may not be able to obtain debt or equity financing on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

Our strategy of moving up the technology stack entails entering new business lines that could fail to attract or retain users or generate revenue.

A key element of our growth strategy is to move up the technology stack, that is to leverage our existing network to provide application layer solutions to our network customers. In 2017, we began reporting a new segment, Apps & IOT, to capture results from these newover-the-top services, such as SCADA, MetOcean and Adaptive Video Intelligence. In addition, in 2017, we acquired Cyphre which brings us a data protection offering, BlackTIE and CyphreLink. We continue to expect to invest in new lines of business, new products and other new initiatives to generate revenue, including our recently announced agreement to acquire Intelie. We have limited or no experience in our new market segments, and our customers may not adopt our new offerings. These offerings may present new and difficult technology challenges, and we may be subject to claims if customers of these offerings experience service disruptions or failures or other quality issues. In addition, profitability, if any, in our newer activities may be lower than in our older activities, and we may not be successful enough in these newer activities to recoup our investments in them. Furthermore, efforts at establishing new lines of business could divert management attention from our core Managed Services network and Systems Integration businesses. If any of this were to occur, it could damage our reputation, limit our growth and negatively affect our operating results.

We rely on third parties, particularly satellite owners, to provide products and services for the operation of our business. Failures by third-party providers have caused, and in the future could cause, service interruptions, harm our business and reputation and result in loss of customers and revenue.

A significant part of our operations and growth depends on third-party providers delivering reliable communications connections, networks, equipment, maintenance, repair and satellite transponder capacity, subjecting our business, reputation and customer revenue to risks beyond our control, such as:

Our results in 2017 were negatively impacted by a satellite outage by one of our providers in the second quarter. This incident caused RigNet to lose forecasted revenues and to experience increased costs as we had to make alternative arrangements for our customers. We cannot assure that we will not suffer future satellite outages or that any potential future outage will not have a material impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Under most of our contracts with satellite service providers, our satellite service providers do not indemnify us for such loss or damage to our business resulting from certain risks, including satellite failures. If any potential claims result in liabilities, we could be required to pay damages or other penalties.

Failure of our microwave network could materially impact our results of operations.

Our microwave network is aLine-of-Site (LOS) system that operates by relaying microwave communications from one microwave site to another that must be within visible sight. When a microwave site on a microwave relay is rendered inoperable subsequent dependent sites are also rendered inoperable. As such the risk of a microwave site being rendered inoperable by weather, technical failure or other means will likely cascade to other dependent microwave sites. We do not insure for loss of a microwave site or business interruption caused by the loss of such a site as we believe the cost of such insurance outweighs the risk of potential loss, so the loss of a microwave site or any business interruption could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to anti-corruption and export control laws that have stringent compliance standards for us.

We are subject to a number of applicable export control laws and regulations of the United States as well as comparable laws of other countries. We cannot provide services to certain countries subject to United States trade sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Asset Control of the United States Department of the Treasury or the United States Department of Commerce unless we first obtain the necessary authorizations. If our customers move their sites into countries subject to certain sanctions, we may not be able to serve them, in which case, our revenues will be adversely impacted and we may have additional costs incurred as well. In addition, we are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anti-corruption laws that, generally, prohibit bribes or unreasonable gifts to governments or officials. Violations of these laws or regulations could result in significant additional sanctions including fines, more onerous compliance requirements, and more extensive debarments from export privileges or loss of authorizations needed to conduct aspects of our international business. In certain countries, we engage third-party agents or intermediaries to act on our behalf in dealings with government officials, such as customs agents, and if these third-party agents or intermediaries violate applicable laws, their actions may result in penalties or sanctions being assessed against us.

Many of our potential customers are resistant to new solutions and technologies which may limit our growth.

Although there is a strong focus on technology development within the oil and gas industry, some of the companies in the upstream oil and gas industry are relatively conservative and risk averse with respect to adopting new solutions and technologies in the area of remote communications. As a result of the sustained downturn in oil and gas prices, many of our customers focus on price rather than the value new technologies bring them, further slowing the uptake of new solutions and technologies. Some drilling contractors, oil and gas companies and oilfield service providers may choose not to adopt new solutions and technology, such as our remote communications and collaboration applications solutions, which may limit our growth potential.

Systems Integration projects are heavily dependent on cost, productivity, schedule and performance management.

We account for Systems Integration contracts using accounting rules for construction-type contracts. Factors that may affect future project costs and margins include the price and availability of labor, equipment and materials, productivity, as well as the time necessary to obtain approvals and permits. If we make inaccurate estimates, or we find errors or ambiguities as to contract specifications or if circumstances change due to, among other things, unanticipated technical problems, changes in local labor conditions, weather delays, changes in the costs of equipment and materials, or our suppliers’ or subcontractors’ inability to perform, or changes in foreign exchange rates, then cost overruns may occur. We may be required to pay liquidated damages upon our failure to meet schedule or performance requirements of our contracts. In accordance with the accounting guidance, we would record a cumulative adjustment to reduce the margin previously recorded on the related project in the period a change in estimate is needed. If the contract is significant, or we encounter issues that impact multiple contracts, cost overruns could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The uncertainty of our contract award timing can also present difficulties in matching workforce size with contract needs. In some cases, we maintain and bear the cost of a ready workforce that is larger than necessary under existing contracts in anticipation of future workforce needs for expected contract awards. If an expected contract award is delayed or not received, we may incur additional costs resulting from reductions in staff or redundancy of facilities which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have a new management team which may cause disruption in our business, particularly our core markets, and which could have a materially adverse effect on our results of operations.

Our executive officers have an average tenure with RigNet of approximately a year. Additionally, Charles “Chip” Schneider, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, departed the Company effective December 27, 2017. The high turnover in our executive ranks could negatively affect our relationships with key customers, particularly in our core managed services business, and our employee morale. Any such effects could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

A significant portion of our revenue is derived from a relatively small number of customers and the loss of any of these customers would materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Although we continue to diversify our customer base, we still receive a significant portion of our revenue from a relatively small number of large customers, among them being Royal Dutch Shell Plc, Bechtel Corporation, Ensco Plc, Noble Corporation Plc, Seadrill Ltd., Chevron, Baker Hughes, Veripos, Halliburton and Petrofac. Although none of these customers represents more than 10% of our annual revenue, should one or more of these customers terminate or significantly reduce their business with us, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially harmed. Recently Noble Corporation indicated that they will transition the managed communications services we provide to Noble to one of our competitors. Noble continues to be one of our top 5 customers, but we anticipate a loss of revenue from Noble accelerating in the latter half of 2018. If we cannot replace this lost revenue, our financial condition and results of operations would be materially harmed.

We may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors.

We expect both product and pricing competition to persist and intensify. Increased competition could cause reduced revenue, price reductions, reduced profits and loss of market share. Our industry is characterized by competitive pressures to provide enhanced functionality for the same or lower price with each new generation of

technology. Our primary global competitor is Speedcast International Ltd. Recently Panasonic, through its ITC Global subsidiary, as well as Tampnet have begun to expand their presence as active providers of communications services to the oil and gas, mining and maritime markets. We also compete with regional competitors in the countries in which we operate. In addition, in certain markets outside of the U.S., we face competition from local competitors that provide their services at a lower price due to lower overhead costs, including lower costs of complying with applicable government regulations and their willingness to provide services for a lower profit margin. Strong competition and significant investments by competitors to develop new and better solutions may make it difficult for us to maintain our customer base, force us to reduce our prices or increase our costs to develop new solutions.

Furthermore, competition may emerge from companies that we have previously not perceived as competitors or consolidation of our industry may cause existing competitors to become bigger and stronger with more resources, market awareness and market share. For example, we have experienced customer projects where we have bid directly against some of our satellite bandwidth providers, either acting alone or in conjunction with one of our direct competitors. Competition with our satellite bandwidth providers, either alone or in restrictive arrangements with our suppliers or competitors may materially and adversely affect the availability and pricing of our products and services.

As we expand into new markets we may experience increased competition from some of our competitors that have prior experience or other business in these markets or geographic regions. In addition, some of our customers may decide to insource some of the communications services and managed services solutions that we provide, in particular our terrestrial communication services (e.g., LOS or WiMAX), which do not require the same level of maintenance and support as our other services. Our success will depend on our ability to adapt to these competitive forces, to adapt to technological advances, to develop more advanced services and solutions more rapidly and less expensively than our competitors, to continue to develop and deepen our global sales and business development network, and to educate potential customers about the benefits of using our solutions rather than our competitors’ services or in sourced solutions. Our failure to successfully respond to these competitive challenges could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our international operations are subject to additional or different risks than our United States operations, which may harm our business and financial results.

We operate in many countries around the world, including countries in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Latin America and Europe and intend to continue to expand the number of countries in which we operate. However, because operations in some countries may be temporary, the total number of countries in which we operate fluctuates. There are many risks inherent in conducting business internationally that are in addition to or different than those affecting our United States operations, including:

The authorities in the countries where we operate may introduce additional regulations for the oil and gas and communications industries. New rules and regulations may be enacted or existing rules and regulations may be applied or interpreted in a manner which could limit our ability to provide our services. Amendments to current laws and

regulations governing operations and activities in the oil and gas industry and telecommunications industry could harm our operations and financial results. Compliance with and changes in tax laws or adverse positions taken by taxing authorities could be costly and could affect our operating results.

Compliance related tax issues could also limit our ability to do business in certain countries. Changes in tax laws or tax rates, the resolution of tax assessments or audits by various taxing authorities, disagreements with taxing authorities over our tax positions and the ability to fully utilize our tax loss carry-forwards and tax credits could have a significant financial impact on our future operations and the way we conduct, or if we conduct, business in the affected countries.

Our intellectual property rights are valuable, and any failure or inability to sufficiently protect them could harm our business and our operating results.

We own, and maintain certain intellectual property assets, including patents, patent applications, copyright and trademarks, trade secrets, and rights to certain domain names, which we believe are collectively among our most valuable assets. We seek to protect our intellectual property assets through the laws of the U.S. and other countries of the world, and through contractual provisions. However, the efforts we have taken to protect our intellectual property assets and proprietary rights might not be sufficient or effective at stopping unauthorized use of those rights. If we are unable to protect our proprietary rights from unauthorized use, the value of our intellectual property assets may be reduced.

We compete for satellite capacity for our services and any capacity constraints could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In certain markets, the availability and pricing of capacity could be subject to competitive pressure. We may be unable to secure the capacity needed at competitive prices to conduct our operations, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. In certain markets, the availability of bandwidth may be restricted by local governments when needed to support military operations, and in the event of such an action, there is no guarantee that we will be able to secure the capacity needed to meet our contractual commitments to our customers.

Restructuring activities may negatively impact the Company.

Reductions in resources may adversely affect or delay various sales, marketing, product development and operational activities, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results. Additionally, restructuring activities could have negative effects on our internal control over financial reporting and employee morale.

Information technology infrastructure and systems are critical to supporting our operations, accounting and internal controls; any potential failure of our information technology infrastructure or systems could adversely affect our business, financial conditions and results of operations.

We continue to update and enhance our information systems. If a problem occurs that impairs or compromises this infrastructure, systems upgrades and/or new systems implementations, the resulting disruption could impede our ability to perform accounting, invoice, process orders, generate management reports or otherwise carry on business in the normal course. Any such events could cause us to lose customers and/or revenue and could require us to incur significant expense to remediate. Additionally, any such events could adversely harm our legal, accounting and compliance capabilities including but not limited to: our ability to timely file reports with the SEC; timely file financial statements required by certain statutes; timely file compliance reports with our lenders under our credit agreement; and timely file income taxes with the IRS, foreign taxing authorities, and local taxing authorities.

Bad weather in the Gulf of Mexico or other areas where we operate could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Certain areas in and near the Gulf of Mexico and other areas in which our clients operate experience unfavorable weather conditions, including hurricanes and other extreme weather conditions, on a relatively frequent basis. A major storm or threat of a major storm in these areas may harm our business. Our clients’ drilling rigs, production platforms and other vessels in these areas are susceptible to damage and/or total loss by these storms, which may cause them to no longer need our communication services. Our equipment on these rigs, platforms or vessels could be damaged causing us to have service interruptions and lose business or incur significant costs for the replacement of such equipment. Even the threat of a very large storm will sometimes cause our clients to limit activities in an area and thus harm our business.

Changing weather conditions could impair satellite connectivity, cause more sites to be shut down and generally cause activities to be limited so that our business may be harmed. This risk is more pronounced for LOS microwave service, as there is a likely loss of service for multiple subsequent microwave sites in the network relay.

Changes in the regulatory framework under which we operate could adversely affect our business prospects or results of operations.

Our U.S. services are provided on a private carrier basis. As such, these services are subject to light or no regulation by the FCC and state PUCs. If the FCC or one or more PUCs or any other telecommunications regulator determine that these services or the services of our subsidiaries or affiliates constitute common carrier offerings or change the regulations applicable to private carriers, we may be subject to significant costs to ensure compliance with the applicable provisions of those laws and regulations. We may be subject to enforcement actions including, but not limited to, fines, cease and desist orders, or other penalties if we fail to comply with those requirements.

Our international operations are also regulated by variousnon-U.S. governments and international bodies. These regulatory regimes frequently require that we maintain licenses for our operations and conduct our operations in accordance with prescribed standards and requirements. The adoption of new laws or regulations, changes to the existing regulatory framework, new interpretations of the laws that apply to our operations, or the loss of, or a material limitation on, any of our material licenses could materially harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If we infringe, or if third parties assert that we infringe, third-party intellectual property rights we could incur significant costs and incur significant harm to our business.

Third parties may assert infringement or other intellectual property claims against us, which could result in substantial damages if it is ultimately determined that our services infringe a third-party’s proprietary rights. Even if claims are without merit, defending a lawsuit takes significant time, may be expensive and may divert management’s attention from our other business concerns.

Many of our contracts are governed by the laws of countries that may make them difficult or expensive to interpret or enforce.

Many of our contracts are governed by the laws of countries other than the U.S., which may create both legal and practical difficulties in case of a dispute or conflict. We operate in regions where the ability to protect contractual and other legal rights may be limited. In addition, having to pursue arbitration or litigation in some countries may be more difficult or expensive than pursuing litigation in the United States.

Some of our stockholders could exert control over our Company.

As of February 20, 2018, funds associated with Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. L.P., or KKR, owned in the aggregate shares representing approximately 26.1% of our outstanding voting power. Additionally, as of February 20, 2018, funds associated with Arrowpoint Asset Management, LLC, owned in the aggregate shares representing approximately 15.4% of our outstanding voting power. As a result, any of these stockholders could potentially have significant influence over all matters presented to our stockholders for approval, including election or removal of our directors and change of control transactions. The interests of these stockholders may not always coincide with the interests of the other holders of our common stock.

We are subject to fluctuations in currency exchange rates and limitations on the expatriation or conversion of currencies, which may result in significant financial charges, increased costs of operations or decreased demand for our services and solutions.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, 9.3% of our revenues were earned innon-U.S. currencies, while a significant portion of our capital and operating expenditures and all of our outstanding debt, was priced in U.S. dollars. In addition, we report our results of operations in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, fluctuations in exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar could have a material effect on our reported earnings or the value of our assets. In the future, a greater portion of our revenues may be earned innon-U.S. currencies, increasing this risk of fluctuations in exchange rates.

Any depreciation of local currencies in the countries in which we conduct business may result in increased costs to us for imported equipment and may, at the same time, decrease demand for our services and solutions in the affected markets. If our operating companies distribute dividends in local currencies in the future, the amount of cash we receive will also be affected by fluctuations in exchange rates. In addition, some of the countries in which we have operations do or may restrict the expatriation or conversion of currency making such cash unavailable for financing of our global operations and capital investments.

Furthermore, a majority of our cash balances are held outside of the United States. Were we to repatriate this cash to the United States we may have to pay taxes in one or more countries making the cash available to us less than that reported in our financial statements.

The average daily trading volume of our common stock is low which can cause volatility in its price unrelated to our actual operations and performance.

The average daily trading volume of our stock is approximately 30 thousand shares. Due to the low trading volume our stock may be subject to more market volatility, without regard to our performance. Stock price volatility and sustained decreases in our share price could subject our stockholders to losses and subject us to takeover bids or lead to action by NASDAQ. The trading price of our common stock has been, and may continue to be, subject to fluctuations in price in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to:

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Facilities

In January 2017, we signed and announced an eight-year lease for new headquarters space, comprised of 28,808 square feet located at 15115 Park Row Blvd, Suite 300, Houston, Texas. The term of this lease runs through June 2025. We also own a custom built, approximately 26,000 square foot facility in Aberdeen, Scotland, and a 13,000 square foot facility at 1300 N Berard St., Breaux Bridge, Louisiana.

We have other offices under lease in Lafayette, Louisiana; Stavanger, Norway; Doha, Qatar and Singapore, and additional leased offices, warehouses and service centers in the United States, Brazil, Mexico, Nigeria, Malaysia, Australia, United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia. We believe our current facilities are adequate for our current needs and for the foreseeable future.

In August 2017, the Company filed litigation in Harris County District Court and arbitration against one of its former Chief Executive Officers for, among other things, breach of fiduciary duty, misappropriation of trade secrets, unfair competition and breach of contract. Recently, that former executive filed counterclaims against us and one of our independent directors. The Company is seeking repayment of certain severance benefits and injunctive relief. The Company has incurred legal expense of approximately $0.9 million in connection with this dispute for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company may continue to incur significant legal fees, related expenses and management time in the future. The Company cannot predict the ultimate outcome of this dispute, the total costs to be incurred or the potential impact on personnel.

Based on the information available at this time and management’s understanding of the dispute, the Company does not deem the likelihood of a material loss related to this dispute to be probable, so it has not accrued any liability related to the dispute. At this stage of the arbitration and litigation, the range of possible loss is not reasonably estimable.

Inmarsat and the Company are in a dispute relating to a January 2014 take or pay agreement to purchase up to $65.0 million, under certain conditions, of GX capacity from Inmarsat over several years. The parties are attempting to resolve the dispute through a contractually-stipulated arbitration process with the International Centre for Dispute Resolution that began in October 2016. The parties dispute whether Inmarsat has met its contractual obligations with respect to the service under the agreement. In July 2017, pursuant to its contractual rights under the agreement, the Company delivered a notice of termination of the agreement to Inmarsat. In addition, we have filed certain counterclaims against Inmarsat related to tortuous interference with contracts, misuse of confidential information and bad faith.

The Company has incurred legal expenses of $1.6 million in connection with the GX dispute for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company may continue to incur significant legal fees, related expenses and management time in the future. The Company cannot predict the ultimate outcome of the GX dispute, the total costs to be incurred or the potential impact on personnel.

Based on the information available at this time and management’s understanding of the GX dispute, the Company does not deem the likelihood of a material loss related to this dispute to be probable, so it has not accrued any liability related to the dispute. At this stage of the arbitration, the range of possible loss is not reasonably estimable, but could range from zero to the maximum amount payable under the contract for the services plus expenses.

The Company, in the ordinary course of business, is a claimant or a defendant in various other legal proceedings, including proceedings as to which the Company has insurance coverage and those that may involve the filing of liens against the Company or its assets.

Not applicable.

PART II

RigNet’s common stock, $0.001 par value, is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (NASDAQ), under the ticker symbol RNET. The following table sets forth the high and low sales price of RigNet’s common stock by quarter, for the two most recent fiscal years.

QUARTERLY COMMON STOCK SALES PRICE (HIGH & LOW SALES PRICE)

There were approximately 107 holders of RigNet’s common stock on record as of February 20, 2018.

Dividends

We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not intend to do so in the foreseeable future. Further, our term loan agreement restricts our ability to pay cash dividends. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to support the operation of and to finance the growth and development of our business.

Stockholder Return Performance Presentation

The following graph compares the change in the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock during the period from December 31, 2012 through December 31, 2017, with the cumulative total return on the NASDAQ Composite Index, the PHLX Oil Service Sector Index and the NASDAQ Telecommunications Index. The Oil Service Sector Index is a price-weighted index composed of the common stocks of 15 companies that provide oil drilling and production services, oilfield equipment, support services, and geophysical/reservoir services. The comparison assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2012 in our common stock and in each of the foregoing indices and assumes reinvestment of dividends, if any.

Comparison of Cumulative Total Return

Investors are cautioned against drawing any conclusions from the data contained in the graph as past results are not necessarily indicative of future performance.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in any of the Company’s previous or future filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that might incorporate this Annual Report on Form10-K or future filings with the SEC, in whole or in part, the preceding performance information shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC or incorporated by reference into any filing except to the extent this performance presentation is specifically incorporated by reference therein.

Item 6.

Selected Financial Data

The following table sets forth our selected consolidated financial data for the periods indicated. Data was derived from RigNet, Inc.’s audited consolidated financial statements. The data set forth should be read together with Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and with Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” Our historical results for any prior period are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted EBITDA and Unlevered Free Cash Flow should not be considered as alternatives to net income (loss), operating income (loss), basic or diluted earnings per share or any other measure of financial performance calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Our Adjusted EBITDA and Unlevered Free Cash Flow may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies because other companies may not calculate Adjusted EBITDA, Unlevered Free Cash Flow or similarly titled measures in the same manner as we do. We prepare Adjusted EBITDA and Unlevered Free Cash Flow to eliminate the impact of items that we do not consider indicative of our core operating performance. We encourage you to evaluate these adjustments and the reasons we consider them appropriate.

We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization, impairment of goodwill, intangibles, property, plant and equipment, foreign exchange impact of intercompany financing activities, (gain) loss on sales of property, plant and equipment, net of retirements, change in fair value of the earn-outs and contingent consideration, stock-based compensation, acquisition costs, executive departure costs, restructuring charges andnon-recurring items. Adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure that is not calculated in accordance with GAAP.

We believe Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors in evaluating our operating performance for the following reasons:

Our management uses Adjusted EBITDA:

Although Adjusted EBITDA is frequently used by investors and securities analysts in their evaluations of companies, Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results of operations as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

We define Unlevered Free Cash Flow as Adjusted EBITDA less capital expenditures. We believe Unlevered Free Cash Flow is useful to investors in evaluating our operating performance for the following reasons:

Although Unlevered Free Cash Flow is frequently used by investors and securities analysts in their evaluations of companies, Unlevered Free Cash Flow has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results of operations as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

The following table presents a reconciliation of net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA and Unlevered Free Cash Flow for each of the periods presented. Net income (loss) is the most comparable GAAP measure to Adjusted EBITDA and Unlevered Free Cash Flow.

Item 7.

Management’s Discussion And Analysis Of Financial Condition And Results Of Operations

General

The following discussion should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements about our business and operations. Our future results may differ materially from those we currently anticipate as a result of the factors we describe under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form10-K.

Executive Overview

We are a global technology company that provides customized communications services, applications and cybersecurity solutions enhancing customer decision making and business performance. We provide solutions ranging from fully-managed voice and data networks to more advanced networks and applications that include video conferencing, asset and weather monitoring, real-time data services and cybersecurity primarily under a multi-service recurring revenue model.

Our Operations

Customers use our private networks to manage information flows and execute mission-critical operations primarily in remote areas where conventional telecommunications infrastructure is either unreliable or unavailable. We provide our clients what is often the sole means of communications for their remote operations.

Network service customers are primarily served under fixed-price contracts, either on a monthly or day rate basis or for equipment sales. Our contracts are generally in the form of Master Service Agreements, or MSAs, with specific services being provided under individual service orders that generally have a term of one to three years with renewal options, while land-based locations are generally shorter term or terminable on short notice without a penalty. Service orders are executed under the MSA for individual remote sites or groups of sites, and generally may be terminated early on short notice without penalty in the event of force majeure, breach of the MSA or cold stacking of a drilling rig (when a rig is taken out of service and is expected to be idle for a protracted period of time).

Segment information is prepared consistent with the components of the enterprise for which separate financial information is available and regularly evaluated by the chief operating decision-maker for the purpose of allocating resources and assessing performance.

We previously operated our business under two reportable segments: Managed Services and Systems Integration (previously called SI&A). During the third quarter of 2017, after we completed the ESS acquisition, we reorganized our business and reportable segments. Applications and Internet-of-Things is now managed and presented as a separate segment, and was previously presented in the Managed Services segment. The reporting on this new segment will help track our progress related to this important area of focus within the business that is intended to enhance the value of the services we deliver to customers, including enhancing the value of the managed communications services we deliver to customers around the world. All historical segment financial data included herein has been recast to conform to the current year presentation. We now operate three reportable segments, which are managed as distinct segments by our chief operating decision-maker.

Cost of revenue consists primarily of satellite charges, voice and data termination costs, network operations expenses, internet connectivity fees, equipment purchases for Systems Integration projects and direct service labor. Satellite charges consist of the costs associated with obtaining satellite bandwidth (the measure of capacity) used in the transmission of service to and from leased satellites. Direct service labor consists of field technicians, our Network Operations Center (NOC) employees, and other employees who directly provide services to customers. Network operations expenses consist primarily of costs associated with the operation of our NOC, which is maintained 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Depreciation and amortization is recognized on all property, plant and equipment either installed at a customer’s site or held at our corporate and regional offices, as well as intangibles arising from acquisitions and internal use software. Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries and commissions, travel costs and marketing communications. General and administrative expenses consist of expenses associated with our management, finance, contract, support and administrative functions.

Profitability generally increases or decreases at a site as we add or lose customers and value-added services. Assumptions used in developing the rates for a site may not cover cost variances from inherent uncertainties or unforeseen obstacles, including both physical conditions and unexpected problems encountered with third party service providers.

Recent Developments

On January 17, 2018, we entered into an agreement to purchase Intelie Soluções Em Informática S.A. (Intelie). Intelie is a real-time, predictive analytics company that combines an operational understanding with a machine learning approach. Intelie facilitates innovation via Intelie Pipes, a distributed query language with a complex event processor to aggregate and normalize real-time data from a myriad of data sources. This technology enables the Intelie LIVE platform to solve data integration, data quality, data governance and monitoring problems. Intelie LIVE is an operational intelligence platform that empowers clients to make timely, data-driven decisions in mission-critical real-time operations, including drilling, and longer-term, data-intensive projects, such as well planning. The acquisition will leverage Intelie’s unique capabilities and market position to distinguish and enhance our bundled communications services. Additionally, Intelie’s team of data scientists and software developers will accelerate our strategy to move up the technology stack, furthering the development of effective applications powered by data. The purchase price in the agreement includes (i) R$10.6 million (BRL) (or approximately $3.3 million) in cash, (ii) that number of shares of RigNet common stock equivalent to $7.5 million based on the twenty day volume weighted average price (VWAP) of RigNet common stock ending three days before closing; and (iii) contingent consideration in the form of RigNet common stock payable on the third anniversary of the closing of the transaction in an amount not to exceed $17.0 million based on the twenty day VWAP at the time of issuance and dependent on the achievement of growth of SaaS revenues compared to targets set forth in the Purchase Agreement.verticals. Intelie is based in Brazil. We expect to close the acquisition of Intelie, subject to customary closing conditions including certain approvals of the Brazilian government, in the first quarter of 2018.

Charles “Chip” Schneider, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, departed effective December 27, 2017. In connection with the departure of Mr. Schneider, in the fourth quarter of 2017 we incurred apre-tax executive departure expense of $1.2 million in the Corporate Segment.

On November 6, 2017, we entered into our third amended and restated credit agreement, which provides for a $15.0 million term loan facility and an $85.0 million revolving credit facility that matures on November 6, 2020 with interest payable monthly at a rate of LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.75% to 2.75% based on a consolidated leverage ratio and principal payments of $1.25 million due quarterly beginning March 31, 2018.

During the third quarter of 2017, we incurred restructuring expense of $0.8 million associated with the reduction of 31 employees.

On July 28, 2017, we acquired substantially all the assets of ESS. ESS is a supplier of wireless communications services via satellite networks primarily to the midstream sector of the oil and gas industry for remote pipeline monitoring. The assets acquired enhance our product offering, add to our existing midstream SCADA customer portfolio, and strengthen our IoT market position. We paid $22.2 million in cash for the ESS assets. ESS is based in Texas.

On July 24, 2017, we acquired substantially all the assets of DTS. DTS provides comprehensive communications and IT services to the onshore, offshore, and maritime industries, as well as disaster relief solutions to global corporate clients. We paid $5.1 million in cash for the DTS assets. DTS is based in Louisiana.

In July 2017, we delivered a notice of termination of an agreement with Inmarsat to acquire capacity from Inmarsat’s GX network. We will continue to offer other solutions to our customers as we have in the past. We will continue to evaluate and make available the best service options for our customers’ telecommunication needs.

On May 18, 2017, we completed our acquisition of Cyphre Security Solutions (Cyphre) for an estimated aggregate purchase price of $12.0 million. Of this aggregate purchase price, we paid $4.9 million in cash, $3.3 million in stock and expect to pay $3.8 million of contingent consideration for intellectual property, estimated as of the date of acquisition. The initial estimate of the contingent consideration for intellectual property is preliminary and remains subject to change based on certain post-closing contractual options under the acquisition agreement. Cyphre is a cybersecurity company that provides advanced enterprise data protection leveraging BlackTIE hardware-based encryption featuring low latency protection for files at rest and in transit for both public and private cloud. Cyphre is based in Texas.

As of December 31, 2017,2018, we have backlog for our Systems Integrationpercentage of completion projects, which includes our SI projects and our LTE buildout project, of $26.0$45.5 million. Our backlog does not extend past 2020.

Known Trends and Uncertainties

Operating Matters

Uncertainties in the oil and gas industry may continue to impact our profitability. The fundamentals of the oil and gas industry we serve were challenged in 2017 and remain challenged into 2018,2019, particularly offshore. Oil prices declined significantly throughout 2015 and into 2016 from the highs inmid-year 2014 due to lower-than-expected global oil demand growth, increased supply from U.S. unconventional sources and increased production from several international countries. Although oil prices and U.S. onshore drilling rig counts have increased in 2017 and the first three quarters of 2018 since their 2016 lows, the oil and gas environment continues to be challenged with operators focusing on projects with shorter term, land-based projectspay-back periods that generally require less capital investment.investment and lower costs from service providers and drilling contractors. The average price of Brent crude, a key indicator of activity for the oil and gas industry, averaged $71.19 per barrel through the year ending December 31, 2018 compared to an average of $54.12 for the year ending December 31, 2017. Brent crude spot prices increased in the first three quarters of 2018 and peaked at $86.07 on October 4, 2018. From the recent October 4, 2018 high, Brent crude oil prices decreased over 40.0% in the fourth quarter of 2018. In the first quarter of 2019 Brent crude oil prices have recovered to over $60 a barrel. As a result, drilling contractors appear cautiously optimistic about a gradual demand recovery. The offshore drilling contracting environment remains challenged, with major offshore drilling contractors having experienced significant pressure on day rates, which in turn has had a negative impact on the rates we are able to charge customers. Generally, a prolonged lower oil price environment decreases exploration and development drilling investment, utilization of drilling rigs and the activity of the global oil and gas industry that we serve. Several global exploration

As of the dates and production companies reduced their capital spending budgets, including the cancellation or deferral of existing programs, and are expected to continue operating under reduced budgets in the current environment.

Forfor the periods referenced below, we were billing on the following sites listed in the table below:

In addition, uncertainties that could impact our profitability and operating cash flows include service responsiveness to remote locations, communication network complexities, political and economic instability in certain regions, export restrictions, licenses and other trade barriers. These uncertainties may result in the delay of service initiation, which may negatively impact our results of operations. Additional uncertainties that could impact our operating cash flows includebarriers, the availability and cost of satellite bandwidth, timing of collecting our receivables, and our ability to increase our contracted services through sales and marketing efforts while leveraging the contracted satellite and other communication service costs. These uncertainties may result in the delay of service initiation, which may negatively impact our results of operations.

Sales Tax Audit

We are undergoing a routine sales tax audit from a state where we have operations. The audit can cover up to a four-year period. We are in the early stages of the audit and do not have any estimates of further exposure, if any, for the tax years under review.

Global Xpress (GX) Dispute

We areInmarsat plc (Inmarsat), a satellite telecommunications company, filed arbitration with the International Centre for Dispute Resolution tribunal (the panel) in a dispute with Inmarsat relating toOctober 2016 concerning a January 2014 take or paytake-or-pay agreement to purchase up to $65.0 million, under certain conditions, of GX capacity from Inmarsat over several years. We are attempting to resolveyears (GX dispute). Phase I of the dispute through a contractually-stipulated arbitration, process that began in October 2016. The parties disputenow concluded, concerned only whether Inmarsat has met its contractual obligations with respect to the serviceour take or pay obligation ever commenced under the agreement. In July 2017, pursuantDecember 2018, the panel’s Phase I ruling found that atake-or-pay obligation under a January 2014 contract had commenced and that we owed Inmarsat $50.8 million, subject to any offsets from our contractual rights under the agreement, we delivered a notice of terminationcounterclaims in Phase II of the agreementarbitration. The Phase I ruling is an interim ruling, and we are not required to Inmarsat. In addition,pay any amounts to Inmarsat until the panel rules on Phase II counterclaims. We currently expect a Phase II ruling in the second half of 2019.

We have an accrued liability of $50.8 million, based on the Phase I interim award amount. While we believe we have filed certainstrong counterclaims, againstwhich will be heard in Phase II and could reduce the ultimate liability, the amount of the final award is not estimable at this time. No assurance can be given as to the ultimate outcome of the GX dispute, and the ultimate outcome may differ from the accrued amount. Based on the information available at this time, the potential final loss could be based on the Phase I ruling less any offsets from our counterclaims in Phase II of the arbitration offset by any potential counterclaims by Inmarsat, related to tortuous interference with contracts, misuseincluding interest and fees. As such, the range of confidential information and bad faith.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, we accrued $50.6 million of expense, net of approximately $0.2 million of prior accruals, in the Corporate segment. We have incurred legal expenses of $2.2 million and $1.6 million in connection with the GX dispute for the yearyears ended December 31, 2017.2018 and 2017, respectively. We may continue to incur significant legal fees, related expenses and management time in the future. We cannot predict the ultimate outcome of the GX dispute, the total costs to be incurred or the potential impact on personnel.

Based on the information available at this time and our understanding of the GX dispute, we do not deem the likelihood of a material loss related to this dispute to be probable, so we have not accrued any liability related to the dispute. At this stage of the arbitration, the range of possible loss is not reasonably estimable, but could range from zero to the maximum amount payable under the contract for the services plus expenses.

Critical Accounting Policies

Certain of our accounting policies require judgment by management in selecting the appropriate assumptions for calculating financial estimates. By their nature, these judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. These judgments are based on our historical experience, terms of existing contracts, observance of trends in the industry, information provided by our customers, and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate. Future results may differ from these judgments under different assumptions or conditions. Our accounting policies that require management to apply significant judgment include:

Revenue Recognition - GeneralRecognition—Revenue from Contracts with Customers

All revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the service is complete, the amount is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Network service fee revenue is based on fixed-price,day-rate contracts and recognized monthly as the service is provided. Generally, customer contracts also provide for installation and maintenance services. Installation services are paid upon initiation of the contract and recognized over the life of the respective contract. Maintenance charges are recognized as specific services are performed. Deferred revenue consists of deferred installation billings, customer deposits and other prepayments for which services have not yet been rendered. Revenue is reported net of any tax or regulatory fees assessed and collected on behalf of a governmental authority. Such tax or fee is then remitted directly to the appropriate jurisdictional entity. As of January 1, 2018, under the new revenue guidance, revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The adoption of the new revenue guidance did not have any material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition – Recognition—MCS and Apps & IoT

MCS and Apps & IoT customers are primarily served under fixed-price contracts, either on a monthly or day rate basis or for equipment sales and consulting services. Our contracts are generally in the form of Master Service Agreements, or MSAs, with specific services being provided under individual service orders. Offshore contracts generally have a term of up to three years with renewal options. Land-based contracts are generally shorter term or terminable on short notice without a penalty. Service orders are executed under the MSA for individual remote sites or groups of sites, and generally permit early termination on short notice without penalty in the event of force majeure, breach of the MSA or cold stacking of a drilling rig (when a rig is taken out of service and is expected to be idle for a protracted period of time).

Performance Obligations Satisfied Over Time—The delivery of service represents the single performance obligation under MCS and Apps & IoT contracts. Revenue for contracts is generally recognized over time as service is transferred to the customer and we expect to be entitled to the agreed monthly or day rate in exchange for those services.

Performance Obligations Satisfied at a Point in Time—The delivery of equipment represents the single performance obligation under equipment sale contracts. Revenue for equipment sales is generally recognized upon delivery of equipment to customers.

Revenue Recognition—Systems Integration

Revenues related to long-term, fixed-price Systems Integration contracts for customized network solutions are recognized based on the percentage of completion for the contract. At any point, RigNet has numerous contracts in progress, all of which are at various stages of completion. Accounting for revenues and profits on long-term contracts requires estimates of total estimated contract costs and estimates of progress toward completion to determine the extent of revenue and profit recognition.

Performance Obligations Satisfied Over Time—The delivery of a Systems Integration solution represents the single performance obligation under Systems Integration contracts. Progress towards completion on fixed-price contracts is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to total estimated contract costs (thecost-to-cost method). These estimates may be revised as additional information becomes available or as specific project circumstances change.

We review all material contracts on a monthly basis and revise the estimates as appropriate for developments such as providing services, purchasing third-party materials and equipment at costs differing from those previously estimated, and incurring or expecting to incur schedule issues. Changes in estimated final contract revenues and costs can either increase or decrease the final estimated contract profit or loss. Profits are recorded in the period in which a change in estimate is recognized, based on progress achieved through the period of change. Anticipated losses on contracts are recorded in full in the period in which they become evident. Revenue recognized in excess of amounts billed is classified as a current asset under Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts (CIEB).

Systems Integration contracts are billed in accordance with the terms of the contract which are typically either based on milestones or specified time intervals. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the amount of CIEB related to Systems Integration projects was $7.1 million and $2.4 million, respectively. Under long-term contracts, amounts recorded in CIEB may not be realized or paid, respectively, within aone-year period. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, none and $0.4 million, respectively, of amounts billed to customers in excess of revenue recognized to date are classified as a current liability, under deferred revenue. All of the billings in excess of costs as of December 31, 2017 were recognized as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2018.

Variable Consideration—Systems Integration—We record revenue on contracts relating to certain probable claims and unapproved change orders by including in revenue an amount less than or equal to the amount of costs incurred to date relating to these probable claims and unapproved change orders, thus recognizing no profit until such time as claims are finalized or change orders are approved. The amount of unapproved change orders and claim revenues is included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as part of CIEB. No material unapproved change orders or claims revenue was included in CIEB as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. As new facts become known, an adjustment to the estimated recovery is made and reflected in the current period.

Revenue related to long-term, fixed-price Systems Integration contracts for customized network solutions are recognized using thepercentage-of-completion method. At any point, RigNet has numerous contracts in progress, all of which are at various stages of completion. Accounting for revenues and profits on long-term contracts requires estimates of total estimated contract costs and estimates of progress toward completion to determine the extent of revenue and profit recognition. Progress towards completion on fixed price contracts is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to total estimated contract costs (thecost-to-cost method). These estimates may be revised as additional information becomes available or as specific project circumstances change.

We review all of our material contracts on a monthly basis and revise the estimates as appropriate for developments such as, providing services and purchasing third-party materials and equipment at costs differing from those previously estimated and incurring or expecting to incur schedule issues. Changes in estimated final contract revenues and costs can either increase or decrease the final estimated contract profit or loss. Profits are recorded in the period in which a change in estimate is recognized, based on progress achieved through the period of change. Anticipated losses on contracts are recorded in full in the period in which they become evident. Revenue recognized in excess of amounts billed is classified as a current asset under costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the amount of costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts related to Systems Integration projects was $2.4 million. Amounts billed to clients in excess of revenue recognized to date are classified as a current liability under deferred revenue. Under long-term contracts, amounts recorded in costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts may not be realized or paid, respectively, within aone-year period.

When estimating the amount of final contract profit or loss, we include certain probable claims and unapproved change orders to customers as adjustments to final estimated revenues and probable claims to vendors, subcontractors and others as adjustments to final estimated costs.

We record revenue on contracts relating to certain probable claims and unapproved change orders by including in revenue an amount less than or equal to the amount of costs incurred to date relating to these probable claims and unapproved change orders, thus recognizing no profit until such time as claims are finalized or change orders are approved. The amount of unapproved change orders and claim revenues is included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as part of costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts. As new facts become known, an adjustment to the estimated recovery is made and reflected in the current period.

Besides the Systems Integration contractual dispute issue discussed in Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, there were no material contract penalties, claims, settlements or changes in contract estimates and no amounts were netted in revenue during the years ended 2017, 2016, and 2015.

Accounts Receivable

Trade accounts receivable are recognized as customers are billed in accordance with customer contracts. We report an allowance for doubtful accounts for probable credit losses existing in accounts receivable. Management determines the allowance based on a review of currently outstanding receivables and our historical collection experience. Significant individualIndividual receivables and balances which have been outstanding greater than 120 days are reviewed individually. Account balances, when determined to be uncollectible, are charged against the allowance.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consists of (i) telecommunication and computer equipment, (ii) furniture and other office equipment, (iii) leasehold improvements, (iv) building and (v) land. All property, plant and equipment, excluding land, is depreciated and stated at acquisition cost net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the expected useful lives of the respective assets, which range from one to ten years. We assess the value of property, plant and equipment for impairment when we determine that events and circumstances indicate that the recorded carrying value may not be recoverable. An impairment is determined by comparing estimated future net undiscounted cash flows to the carrying value at the time of the assessment. No impairment to property, plant and equipment was recorded in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 andor 2016. During the year ended December 31, 2015, we impaired property, plant and equipment by $1.7 million, as the carrying value exceeded fair value, as a result of declines in the U.S. land rig counts.

Any furtherfuture downturn in our business could adversely impact the key assumptions in our impairment test. While we believe that there appears to be no indication of current or future impairment, historical operating results may not be indicative of future operating results and events and circumstances may occur causing a triggering event in a period as short as three months.

Intangibles

Intangibles consist of customer relationships,covenants-not-to-compete, brand name, licenses, developed technology and backlog acquired as part of our acquisitions. Intangibles also includeinternal-use software. Intangibles have useful lives ranging from 1.75.0 to 7.020.0 years and are amortized on a straight-line basis. We assess the value of intangibles for impairment when we determine that events and circumstances indicate that the recorded carrying value may not be recoverable. An impairment is determined by comparing estimated future net undiscounted cash flows to the carrying value at the time of the assessment.

No impairment to intangibles was recorded in the yearyears ended December 31, 2018 or 2017.

In June 2016, we identified a triggering event for a license in Kazakhstan associated with a decline in cash flow projections, which resulted in a $0.4 million impairment of licenses in the Corporate segment, which was the full amount of intangibles within Kazakhstan.

In July 2015, we identified a triggering event in the North America Land reporting unit associated with a significant decline in U.S. land rig counts since December 2014. This circumstance resulted in a reduction in cash flow projections during the revision of internal forecasts. In July 2015, we conducted an intangibles impairment test and as a result of such test, recognized a $1.7 million impairment of customer relationships, the full amount within the North America Land reporting unit, which reports through the Managed Services reportable segment.

Any furtherfuture downturn in our business could adversely impact the key assumptions in our impairment test. While we believe that there appears to be no indication of current or future impairment, historical operating results may not be indicative of future operating results and events and circumstances may occur causing a triggering event in a period as short as three months.

Goodwill

Goodwill resulted from prior acquisitions as the consideration paid for the acquired businesses exceeded the fair value of acquired identifiable net tangible and intangible assets. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually, as of July 31, with additional evaluations being performed when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable.

Goodwill impairment is determined using atwo-step process. The first step of thegoodwill impairment test is used to identify potential impairment by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to the book value of the reporting unit, including goodwill. Fair value of the reporting unit is determined using a combination of the reporting unit’s expected present value of future cash flows and a market approach. The present value of future cash flows is estimated using our most recent forecast and our weighted average cost of capital. The market approach uses a market multiple on the reporting unit’s cash generated from operations. Significant estimates for each reporting unit included in our impairment analysis are cash flow forecasts, our weighted average cost of capital, projected income tax rates and market multiples. Changes in these estimates could affect the estimated fair value of our reporting units and result in an impairment of goodwill in a future period.

If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its book value, goodwill of the reporting unit is considered to be impaired and the second step of the impairment test is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. The second step of the impairment test compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the book value of that goodwill.impaired. If the book value of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by allocating the reporting unit’s fair value to all of its assets and liabilities other than goodwill in the same manner as a purchase price allocation. Any impairment in the value of goodwill is charged to earnings in the period such impairment is determined.

We recorded no goodwill impairments in the years ending December 31, 2018, 2017 or 2016. As

MCS had $22.5 million of November 30, 2017, our latest completed interim goodwill impairment testing, theas of December 31, 2018, and fair values of our reporting units are substantially in excess of theirvalue exceeded carrying values. As such, the test resulted in no impairment. The November 30, 2017 interim test was conducted due to a change in our segments after we completed the acquisition of ESS. In 2015,value by 34.7% as a result of the July 201531, 2018 annual impairment test, we recognized $10.9test. Apps & IoT had $22.8 million in impairment of goodwill as of December 31, 2018, and fair

value exceeded carrying value by 48.1% as of the full amount within our North America Land reporting unit, which reports through our Managed Services reportable segment. Our North America Land reporting unit was adversely impacted by a significant decline in U.S. land rig counts sinceJuly 31, 2018 annual impairment test. Systems Integration had $1.4 million of goodwill as of December 2014. This decline resulted in reduced internal cash flow projections causing the estimated31, 2018, and fair value exceeded carrying value by 126.5% as of our North America Land reporting unit to be below its carrying value.

the July 31, 2018 annual impairment test. Any furtherfuture downturn in our business could adversely impact the key assumptions in our goodwill impairment test. While we believe that there appears to be no indication of current or future impairment, historical operating results may not be indicative of future operating results and events and circumstances may occur causing a triggering event in a period as short as three months.

While we believe that there appears to be no indication of current or future impairment, historical operating results may not be indicative of future operating results and events and circumstances may occur causing a triggering event in a period as short as three months.

Stock-Based Compensation

We recognize expense for stock-based compensation based on the fair value of options, and restricted stock, and restricted stock units and performance share units on the grant date of the awards. Fair value of options on the grant date is determined using the Black-Scholes model, which requires judgment in estimating the expected term of the option, risk-free interest rate, expected volatility and dividend yield of the option. Fair value of restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance share units on the grant date is equal to the market price of RigNet’s common stock on the date of grant. Our policy is to recognize compensation expense for service-based awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the entire award. Stock-based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest.

Taxes

Current income taxes are determined based on the tax laws and rates in effect in the jurisdictions and countries that we operate in and revenue is earned. Deferred income taxes reflect the tax effect of net operating losses, foreign tax credits and the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial statement and income tax purposes, as determined under enacted tax laws and rates. Valuation allowances are established when management determines that it is more likely than not that some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will not be realized. U.S Federal deferred tax liabilities are recorded for the unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries that are not permanently reinvested, net of potential foreign tax credits; otherwise, no U.S. Federal deferred taxes are provided on foreign subsidiaries. The financial effect of changes in tax laws or rates is accounted for in the period of enactment.

From time to time, we engage in transactions in which the tax consequences may be subject to uncertainty. In the normal course of business, we prepare and file tax returns based on interpretation of tax laws and regulations, which are subject to examination by various taxing authorities. Such examinations may result in future tax and interest assessments by these taxing authorities. We evaluate our tax positions and recognize only tax benefits for financial purposes that, more likely than not, will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position.

We have elected to include income tax related interest and penalties as a component of income tax expense.

On December 22, 2017 the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the(The Tax Act), resulting in significantmaking broad and complex changes from previousto the U.S. tax law. The Tax Act reduces the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The Tax Act also changes the taxation of foreign earnings by requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax (Transition Tax) on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries and then generally eliminating U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries.code.

The SEC staff issued SAB 118, which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the Tax Act.

We have estimatedcompleted the effect of remeasuring deferred tax assets and liabilitiesaccounting for the income tax rate change undereffects of the Tax Act as well as the liability related to the Transition Tax, based on informationcurrent regulations and available as of December 31, 2017. Due to utilization of current losses and foreign tax credits, weinformation. Any additional guidance issued by the IRS could impact our recorded no current liability or current provision related to the transaction tax. We reduced the net deferred tax assets for the rate change of $8.2 million, tax effected; however, a corresponding amount was booked to reduce the valuation allowance recognized against the assets; therefore, no deferred provision was recorded. These amounts are subject to change as we obtain information necessary to complete the calculations. We expect to complete our analysis of the provisional items during the allowable measurement period in 2018.future periods.

New Accounting Pronouncements

No standard implemented during 20172018 or 20162017 had a material effect on our financial position, cash flow or results of operations. See our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in this Annual Report on Form10-K for more details regarding our implementation and assessment of new accounting standards.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth selected financial and operating data for the periods indicated.

The following represents selected financial operating results for our segments:

Years Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

Revenue.Revenue increased by $34.0 million, or 16.6%, to $238.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $204.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Revenue increased in all segments. The 2018 acquisitions of Auto-Comm, SAFCON and Intelie contributed revenue of $17.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The Systems Integration segment increased $16.5 million, or 66.1%, primarily due to $13.0 million from the acquisition of Auto-Comm and SAFCON and increased activity against a growing backlog of Systems Integration projects. The Apps & IoT segment increased $10.1 million, or 64.6%, due to our focus on growth of the application layer and IoT space including $2.2 million from the acquisition of Intelie, $1.1 million from the acquisition of Auto-Comm and SAFCON and $4.7 million from owning ESS for the full year ended December 31, 2018 compared to five months in 2017. The MCS segment increased $7.3 million, or 4.5%, due to increased average site count coupled with $1.4 million from the acquisition of Auto-Comm and SAFCON and $2.3 million from owning DTS for the full year ended December 31, 2018 compared to two months in 2017.

Cost of Revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization).Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) increased by $15.4 million, or 11.8%, to $146.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $131.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) increased in the Systems Integration segment by $9.4 million due to the acquisition of Auto-Comm and SAFCON and increased activity of Systems Integration projects. Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) increased in the MCS segment by $3.4 million due to serving an increased site count. Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) increased in the Apps & IoT segment by $2.6 million as we invested in our strategy of expanding of the application layer and IoT space including the acquisition of Intelie and ESS.

Depreciation and Amortization.Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $2.3 million to $33.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $30.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase is primarily attributable to additions to property, plant and equipment and intangibles from acquisitions and capital expenditures.

Selling and Marketing.Selling and marketing expenses increased by $4.5 million to $12.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $8.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. This increase was due to investments made towards our growth strategy including increased sales personnel costs, marketing strategy costs and our sales incentive plan (SIP), which increased with revenue.

Change in fair value ofearn-out/contingent consideration.The $3.5 million of expense and $0.3 million of gain, in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, for change in fair value ofearn-out/contingent consideration is detailed in Note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form10-K.

GX dispute.The net $50.6 million of expense for the GX dispute in the year ended December 31, 2018 is detailed in in Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and in Item 3, Legal Proceedings of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

General and Administrative.General and administrative expenses increased by $8.4 million to $53.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $44.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase in general and administrative expenses included $4.3 million from acquired business, $2.4 million from bad debt expense, along with other increases from personnel costs and legal expenses.

Income Tax Expense.Our effective income tax rate was 4.2% and (27.3)% for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Our effective tax rate is affected by factors including changes in valuation allowances, fluctuations in income across jurisdictions with varying tax rates, and changes in income tax reserves, including related penalties and interest. See Note 13—“Income Taxes,” to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form10-K for more information regarding the items comprising our effective tax rates.

Years Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

Revenue.Revenue decreased by $15.7 million, or 7.1%, to $204.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $220.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. This decrease was driven by lower Managed ServiceMCS revenues, partially offset by an increase in the Apps & IoT and Systems Integration segments. Managed ServicesMCS segment revenue decreased $28.3 million, or 14.7%, which was primarily due to decreasedrevenue-per-site from offshore drilling rigs and decreased average offshore sites served partially offset by $1.9 million from the acquisition of DTS. The decreasedrevenue-per-site from offshore drilling rigs is primarily due to decreased multi-tenancy ratios from operators on offshore drilling rigs. Decreased multi-tenancy ratios from operators reduces the opportunity to serve the operator and earn additional revenue until drilling rigs are subsequently contracted for service. Although we arewere encouraged by the recent increase in offshore drilling rig site count from 175 as of December 31, 2016 to 182 as of December 31, 2017, the average site count decreased from 203 for the year ended December 31, 2016 to 178 for the year ended December 31, 2017. The decrease of 25 average offshore drilling sites served during the year was primarily due to offshore drilling rigs we previously served being cold-stacked or scrapped, partially offset by new sales wins. Revenue continues to be impacted by previously announced reductions in offshore drilling. Apps & IoT segment revenue increased $9.1 million, or 140.6%, due to our growth strategy which focuses on growth into the application layer and IoT space including the acquisition of ESS, which contributed $3.2 million. Systems Integration segment revenue increased $3.4 million, or 15.9%, due to increased activity of Systems Integration projects.

Cost of Revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization).Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) increased by $1.4 million, or 1.1%, to $131.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $129.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) decreased in the Managed ServicesMCS segment by $10.4 million primarily due to reductions in ongoing expenses partially offset by the acquisition of DTS. Cost of revenue increased in the Systems Integration segment by $3.7 million due to increased activity of Systems Integration projects. Cost of revenue increased in the Apps & IoT segment by $8.0 million as we investinvested in our strategy of expanding into the application layer andinternet-of-things space including the acquisition of ESS and Cyphre.

Depreciation and Amortization.Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased by $2.7 million to $30.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $33.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease iswas primarily attributable to lower levels of capital expenditures in recent years, partially offset by additions to property, plant and equipment and intangibles from acquisitions.

Selling and Marketing.Selling and marketing expenses increased by $1.2 million to $8.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $7.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. This increase was due to investing in our growth strategy including more sales and marketing personnel costs.

Change in fair value ofearn-out/contingent consideration.The $0.3 million and $1.3 million of gain, in the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for change in fair value ofearn-out/contingent consideration is detailed in Note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form10-K.

General and Administrative.General and administrative expenses decreased by $7.7$8.6 million to $44.5$44.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $52.2$53.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. General and administrative costs decreased in the Managed ServicesMCS and Systems Integration segments due to reductions in ongoing expenses partially offset by the acquisition of DTS. General and administrative costs increased in the Apps & IoT segment due to the acquisition of Cyphre and ESS.

Income Tax Expense.Our effective income tax rate was (27.3)% and (106.5)% for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Our effective tax rates are affected by factors including changes in the valuation allowance related to operating in loss jurisdictions for which a benefit cannot be claimed, fluctuations in income across international jurisdictions with varying tax rates, and changes in income tax reserves. See Note 13 — “Income Taxes,” to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form10-K for more information regarding the items comprising our effective tax rates.

Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015

Revenue.Revenue decreased by $50.6 million, or 18.7%, to $220.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $271.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The Managed Services segment decreased $49.7 million, or 20.5%, which was primarily due to decreased offshore sites served and decreasedrevenue-per-site from offshore drilling rigs. The decrease of 63 offshore drilling sites served during the year was primarily due to offshore drilling rigs we previously served being cold-stacked or scrapped partially offset by new sales wins. The decreasedrevenue-per-site from offshore drilling rigs is primarily due to decreased multi-tenancy ratios from operators on offshore drilling rigs. As rigs that we serve increasinglyhot-stack (when a rig is taken out of service but is ready to mobilize on short notice) due to the current economic environment, the opportunity to serve the operator and earn additional revenue is lost until the drilling rig is subsequently contracted for service. The Managed Services segment was also adversely impacted by decreased U.S. land activity partially offset by $8.3 million of revenue from the acquisition of TECNOR. The Managed Services decrease was amid a backdrop of lower oil prices, decreased oil and gas activity and reduced offshore and onshore drilling budgets. The Apps & IoT segment decreased $1.0 million. Systems Integration segment revenue increased $0.1 million, or 0.2%, due to the timing of Systems Integration projects and prior year contractual dispute.

Cost of Revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization).Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) decreased by $33.5 million, or 20.5%, to $129.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $163.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) decreased in all segments due to cost reduction plans coupled with decreased costs from separate cost savings initiatives focused on reducing third party spend.

Depreciation and Amortization.Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $1.1 million, or 3.3%, to $33.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $32.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. This increase is primarily attributable to accelerated depreciation on tenant improvements in space abandoned as part of our corporate office lease restructuring coupled with additions to property, plant and equipment and intangibles from the acquisition of TECNOR and capital expenditures.

Impairment of goodwill, intangibles, and property, plant and equipment.We recognized $0.4 million in impairment for the year ended December 31, 2016. In June 2016, we identified a triggering event for a license in Kazakhstan associated with a decline in cash flow projections, which resulted in a $0.4 million impairment of licenses in the Corporate segment, which was the full amount of intangibles within Kazakhstan.

We recognized $14.3 million in impairment for the year ended December 31, 2015. As a result of the July 2015 annual impairment test, we recognized $10.9 million in impairment of goodwill and $1.7 million in impairment of intangibles, the full amounts reported within our North America Land reporting unit, which reports through our Managed Services reportable segment. Our North America Land reporting unit was adversely impacted by a significant decline in U.S. land rig counts since December 2014. This decline has resulted in reduced internal cash flow projections causing the estimated fair value of our North America Land reporting unit to be below its carrying value. Additionally, in December 2015, we assessed that the fair value of property, plant and equipment was impaired by $1.7 million, as the carrying value exceeded fair value, as a result of further declines in the U.S. land rig counts since July 2015.

Selling and Marketing.Selling and marketing expenses were $7.2 million and $9.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The decrease is due to cost reduction plans.

General and Administrative.General and administrative expenses decreased by $11.0 million, or 17.4%, to $52.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $63.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. General and administrative costs decreased in the Managed Services and Systems Integration segments in 2016 due to cost reduction plans coupled with decreased costs from separate cost savings initiatives focused on reducing third party spend.

Income Tax Expense.Our effective income tax rate was (106.5)% and (16.9)% for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Our effective tax rates are affected by factors including changes in the valuation allowance related to operating in loss jurisdictions for which a benefit cannot be claimed, fluctuations in income across international jurisdictions with varying tax rates, and changes in income tax reserves. See Note 13 — “Income Taxes,” to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form10-K for more information regarding the items comprising our effective tax rates.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At December 31, 2017,2018, we had working capital, including cash, of $48.3$2.2 million.

Over the past three years, annual capital expenditures have ranged from $13.6 million to $34.3 million, with fluctuations due to the number of sites served.$30.1 million. Based on our current expectations, we believe our liquidity and capital resources will be sufficient for the conduct of our business and operations for the foreseeable future. We may also use a portion of our available cash to finance growth through the acquisition of, or investment in, businesses, products, services or technologies complementary to our current business, through selective mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures or otherwise, or to pay down outstanding debt.

CashAfter settlement of intercompany payables and notes at December 31, 2018, there is no available cash in foreign subsidiaries available for repatriation to our domestic parent, after settlement of intercompany payables and notes, was $9.9 million at December 31, 2017. If the entire $9.9 million were repatriated, we would not be liable for any additional taxes.parent. No deferred tax liability has been recognized as of December 31, 20172018 for those earnings that are not considered permanently reinvested.

During the next twelve months, we expect our principal sources of liquidity to be cash flows from operating activities, cash and cash equivalents, and availability under our credit facility.agreement and additional financing activities we may pursue, which may include debt or equity offerings. In forecasting our cash flows we have considered factors including contracted and expected services related to long-term deepwater drilling programs, U.S. land rig count trends, projected oil and natural gas prices,for customers, and contracted and available satellite bandwidth.

While we believe we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources to meet our current operating requirements, the GX dispute and expansion plans, we may elect to pursue additional expansion opportunities within the next year which could require additional financing, either debt or equity.

Beyond the next twelve months, we expect our principal sources of liquidity to be cash flows provided by operating activities, cash and cash equivalents on hand, availability under our credit facilityagreement and additional financing activities we may pursue, which may include debt or equity offerings.