UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM
10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2018

2020

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For The Transition Period From
To
.

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER
0-17988

NEOGEN CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

MICHIGAN
 
38-2367843

(State orof other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

620 Lesher Place

Lansing, Michigan 48912

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

517-372-9200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT: NONE

Title of each Class
Trading
Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange
on which registered
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT:

COMMON STOCK, $0.16 par value per share

(Title of Class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities
Act.    
Yes
   No  

Indicate by a check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  
    No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  
   No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation
S-T
232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    
Yes
☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of RegulationS-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form10-K or any amendment to this Form10-K.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a
non-accelerated
filer, a smaller reporting company, or anon-accelerated filer.an emerging growth company. See definitionthe definitions of “accelerated filer and large“large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule
12b-2
of the Exchange Act.

(Check one):

Large accelerated filer  

 
Accelerated filer  
 
Non-accelerated
 filer  
 
Smaller reporting company  

Emerging growth company  

   

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule
12b-2
of the Act).    Yes  
    No  

Based on the closing sale price on November 30, 20172019 the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by
non-affiliates
of the registrant was $3,242,762,000.$3,489,079,000. For these purposes, the registrant considers its Directors and executive officers to be its only affiliates.

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s Common Stock was 51,756,96452,963,988 on June 30, 2018.


2020.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Certain portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be prepared pursuant to Regulation 14a and filed in connection with solicitation of proxies for its October 4, 20188, 2020 annual meeting of shareholders isare incorporated by reference into part III of thisthe Form
10-K.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
ITEM 1.BUSINESS
  4
ITEM 1.
3
 
ITEM 1A.
14
ITEM 1A. 
ITEM 1B.
19
ITEM 2.
19
ITEM 3.
20
ITEM 4.
20
  14 
ITEM 1B.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS18
ITEM 2.PROPERTIES19
ITEM 3.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS20
ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES20
PART II
ITEM 5.
20
  
21
ITEM 6.
22
 
ITEM 6.SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA24
ITEM 7.
23
  25
ITEM 7A.
34
  37
ITEM 8.
34
  37
ITEM 9.
34
ITEM 9A.
34
ITEM 9B.
36
  37
 
ITEM 9A.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES37
ITEM 9B.OTHER INFORMATION39
PART III
ITEM 10.
36
  
39
ITEM 11.
38
 
ITEM 11.EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION41
ITEM 12.
38
  41
ITEM 13.
38
  41
ITEM 14.
38
  41 
PART IV
ITEM 15.
38
  
41
ITEM 16.
38
 
40
ITEM 16.FORM 10-K SUMMARY41 
SIGNATURES43
F-1
Subsidiaries
  F-1 
Subsidiaries
Consent of independent registered public accounting firm — BDO USA, LLP
 
Section 302 Certification of Principal Executive Officer
 
Section 302 Certification of Principal Financial Officer
 
Section 1350 Certification pursuant to Section 906
 

1

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

Forward-looking statements, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are made throughout this Annual Report on Form
10-K,
including statements relating to management’s expectations regarding new product introductions; the adequacy of our sources for certain components, raw materials and finished products; and our ability to utilize certain inventory. For this purpose, any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “expects,” “seeks,” “estimates,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are intended to provide our current expectations or forecasts of future events; are based on current estimates, projections, beliefs, and assumptions; and are not guarantees of future performance. Actual events or results may differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. There are a number of important factors, including competition, recruitment and dependence on key employees, impact of weather on agriculture and food production, effects of the ongoing
COVID-19
pandemic on our business, results of operations, liquidity, financial condition, and stock price, identification and integration of acquisitions, research and development risks, patent and trade secret protection, government regulation and other risks detailed in item 1A. RISK FACTORS in this Form
10-K
and from time to time in the Company’s reports on file at the Securities and Exchange Commission, that could cause Neogen Corporation’s results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, including those detailed in ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS and under the captions “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates”, and “Future Operating Results”.

statements.

In addition, any forward-looking statements represent management’s views only as of the day this Annual Report on Form
10-K
was first filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and should not be relied upon as representing management’s views as of any subsequent date. While management may elect to update forward-looking statements at some point in the future, it specifically disclaims any obligation to do so, even if its views change.

As used in this Annual Report on Form
10-K,
the terms “Neogen,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Neogen Corporation and, where appropriate, its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.
2

PART I

ITEM 1.
BUSINESS

Neogen Corporation and subsidiaries (collectively referred to as we, Neogen or the Company) develop, manufacture and market a diverse line of products and services dedicated to food and animal safety. Our Food Safety segment consists primarily of diagnostic test kits and complementary products (e.g., culture media) sold to food producers and processors to detect dangerous and/or unintended substances in human food and animal feed, such as foodborne pathogens, spoilage organisms, natural toxins, food allergens, genetic modifications, ruminant
by-products,
meat speciation, drug residues, pesticide residues and general sanitation concerns. Our diagnostic test kits are generally less expensive, easier to use and provide greater accuracy and speed than conventional diagnostic methods. The majority of the test kits are disposable,
single-use,
immunoassay and DNA detection products that rely on our proprietary antibodies and RNA and DNA testing methodologies to produce rapid and accurate test results. Our expanding line of food safety products also includes bioluminescence-basedgenomics-based diagnostic technology.

technology, and advanced software systems that help testers to objectively analyze and store their results and perform analysis on the results from multiple locations over extended periods.

Neogen’s Animal Safety segment is engaged in the development, manufacture, marketing and distribution of veterinary instruments, pharmaceuticals, vaccines, topicals, diagnostic products, rodenticides, cleaners, disinfectants, insecticides and genomics testing services for the worldwide animal safety market. The majority of these consumable products are marketed through a network of nationalveterinarians, retailers, livestock producers and international distributors, as well as a number of large farm supply retail chains in the United States and Canada.animal health product distributors. Our USDA-licensed facility in Lansing, Michigan, produces immunostimulant products for horses and dogs, and a unique equine botulism vaccine. Our line of drug detection products is sold worldwide for the detection of abused and therapeutic drugs in animals and animal products, and has expanded into the workplace and human forensic market.

markets.

Neogen’s products are marketed by our sales personnel in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Central America, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe, Brazil, China, India and Australia, and by distributors throughout the rest of the world.

Our mission is to be the leading company in the development and marketing of solutions for food and animal safety. To meet this vision,mission, a growth strategy consisting of the following elements has been developed: (i) increasing sales of existing products; (ii) introducing new products and product lines;services; (iii) expandinggrowing international sales; and (iv) acquiring businesses and forming strategic alliances. We have historically been successful at increasing product sales organically, including international growth, and maintain an active acquisition program to identify and capitalize on opportunities to acquire new products, and/businesses, or businesses.

technology.

Neogen Corporation was formed as a Michigan corporation in June 1981 and actual operations began in 1982. Our principal executive offices are located at 620 Lesher Place, Lansing, Michigan 48912-1595 and our telephone number is
(517) 372-9200.

Neogen’s Annual Report on Form
10-K,
Quarterly Reports on Form
10-Q,
Current Reports on Form
8-K,
and amendments to those reports are available free of charge via our website (
www.neogen.com
) as soon as reasonably practicable after such information is filed with, or furnished to, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. The content of our website or the websiteswebsite of any third partiesparty that may be noted herein areis not incorporated by reference in this Form
10-K.

PRODUCTS

Product trademarks and registered trademarks owned by Neogen include:
CORPORATE:
Neogen
®
, Neogen flask logo(logo)
®
, Neogen and flask (logo)
®
;
FOOD SAFETY: SAFETY:
AccuClean
®
, AccuPoint
®
, AccuScan
®
, Acumedia
®
, Agri-Screen
®
, Alert
®
, ANSR
®
, BetaStar
®
, BioLumix
®
, Colitag
, F.A.S.T.
®
, GeneQuence
®
, GENE-TRAK
®
, Harlequin
®
,
ISO-GRID
®
, Lab M
®
,
Listeria
Right Now™Now
, NeoCare™MPNPlate
, NeoColumn™MPNTray
, NeoCare
, NeoColumn
, NeoFilm
®
, NeoNet
®
, NeoSeek™NeoSeek
,
NEO-GRID
®
, Penzyme
®
, Raptor
®
, Reveal
®
, Soleris
®
, µPREP
®
, Veratox
®
, Simple. Accurate. Supported. Food Safety Solutions
SM
;
LIFE SCIENCES: SCIENCES:
Alert
®
,
K-Blue
®
,
K-Blue
Substrate
®
,
K-Gold
®
, NeoSal
®
;
ANIMAL SAFETY:Acid-A-Foam™, Aero-ssault™,Ag-Tek®SAFETY:
Acid-A-Foam
, AluShield™Aero-ssault
,
Ag-Tek
®
, AluShield
, AquaPrime
®
, Assault
®
, Barnstorm
®
, BioCres™ BioCres
50, BioPhene™BioPhene
, BioQuat™BioQuat
, BotVax
®
, Breeder-Sleeve
® , Bromethalin One Meal Is All It Takes(design)®
, Calf Eze™Eze
, Chem-Tech, Ltd.
, Chem-Tech’s CT logo (with circle)
,Chlor-A-Foam™, COMPANION™
Chlor-A-Foam
, Cowboy SyringeCOMPANION
,
CT-511
®,CT-511®
, Cykill™Cykill
, D3™ D3
Needles, DC&R
®
, DeciMax
®
,
Di-Kill
®
, Dr. Frank’s
®
,
Dy-Fly
®
,
Dyne-O-Might
®
, Earth City Resources (design)
®
, ElectroJac
®
, ELISA Technologies (design)
®
, EqStim
®
, EquiSleeve
®
,
E-Z Bond™
Bond
,
E-Z
Catch
®
, Farm-Foam
, Farmphene
®
,
Final-Fly-T
®
,
Fly-Die Defense™
Defense
,
Fly-Die Ultra™
Ultra
, Fura-Zone
®
, GenQuat™GenQuat
, Horse Sense
®
, Ideal
®
, ImmunoRegulin
®
, Insectrin
®
, Insight™Insight
, Iodis
®
, Jolt
®
,
LD-44
®
,LD-44T™
LD-44T
,
Maxi Sleeve
®
, MaxKlor
®
, MegaShot™MegaShot
, MycAseptic™ MycAseptic
, NeedleGard™NeedleGard
, NFZ™Neogen
®
Viroxide Super
, Neogen
®
Viroxide Super and flask (design)
, NFZ
, Nu Dyne
®
, PanaKare™PanaKare
, Pantek™ Pantek
, ParlorMint™ParlorMint
, Parvosol
®
, Peraside
, Place Pack
®
, PolyPetite™PolyPetite
, PolyShield™PolyShield
, PolySleeve
®
, Preserve
®
, Preserve International
®
, Preserve International(design)
®
, Prima
®
, Prima Marc™Marc
, Prima-Shot™Prima-Shot
, Prima Tech
®
, Prima Tech logo
®
,
Pro-Fix
®
,
Pro-Flex
®
, Promar™Promar
,Pro-Shot™
Pro-Shot
,
PRO-TECT
6 MIL
®,PRO-TECT 6 MIL logo®
, Prozap
®
, Prozap (stylized mark w/fancy Z)
,PY-75™, Quat-Chem®
PY-75
, Ramik
®
, Rat &
Mouse-A-Rest
II
®
, RenaKare™RenaKare
, Rodent Elimination Station™
3

Station
, Rodex™Rodex
,Rot-Not™
Rot-Not
,
Safe-T-Flex™, Siloxycide®
Safe-T-Flex
, Spectrasol™Siloxycide
®
, Spec-Tuss™Spectrasol
, Spec-Tuss
, Squire
®
, Starlicide
®
,
Stress-Dex
®
, SureBond
®
, SureKill
®
,
Swine-O-Dyne
®
, Synergize
®
, SyrVet
®
, Tetrabase
®
, Tetracid
®
, Tetradyne
®
, ThyroKare™ThyroKare
, TopHoof™TopHoof
,
Tri-Hist
®
,Tri-Seal™
Tri-Seal
,
Tryad
®
, Turbocide
®
, Turbocide Gold
®
, Uniprim
®
, UriKare™UriKare
,VAP-5™
VAP-5
,VAP-20™
VAP-20
,Vet-Tie™
Vet-Tie
,
Viroxide Super®
Vita-15
,Vita-15™, War Paint
®
,
X-185
, We keep ‘em movin’Zipcide
®
;
GENOMICS:
Deoxi
,X-185™, Zipcide®;GENOMICS: Deoxi™ Envigor
, GeneSeek
®
, Genomic Profiler™Profiler
, Genomic Insight for Personalized Care
, Genomic Solutions for Food Security
®
, Igenity
®
, SeekGain™SeekGain
, SeekSire™SeekSire
, SeekTrace™SeekTrace
,
Tru-Polled
®
;
LOGOTYPES:
BioSentry barn logo
®
, BioSentry chicken logo
®
, BioSentry pig logo
®
, Circular design
®
, TurboCide
®
(stylized), D3 color mark – red
.

Neogen operates in two business areas: the Food Safety and the Animal Safety segments. See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements elsewhere in this Form
10-K
for financial information about our business segments and international operations.

FOOD SAFETY SEGMENT

Neogen’s Food Safety segment is primarily engaged in the production and marketing of diagnostic test kits and complementary products marketed to food and feed producers and processors to detect dangerous and/or unintended substances in food and animal feed, such as foodborne pathogens, spoilage organisms, natural toxins, food allergens, genetic modifications, ruminant
by-products,
meat speciation, drug residues, pesticide residues and general sanitation concerns.

Our test kits are used to detect potential hazards or unintended substances in food and animal feed by testers ranging from small local grain elevators to the largest, best-known food and feed processors in the world, and numerous regulatory agencies. Neogen’s products include tests for:

Mycotoxins.
Grain producers and processors of all types and sizes use our Veratox, Agri-Screen, Reveal, Reveal Q+ and Reveal Q+ MAX tests to detect the presence of mycotoxins, including aflatoxin, aflatoxin M1, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin, ochratoxin, zearalenone,
T-2/HT-2
toxin andT-2/HT-2 toxin, ergot alkaloid, to help ensure product safety and quality in food and animal feed.

Food allergens.
The world’s largest producers of cookies, crackers, candy, ice cream and many other processed foods use our Veratox, Alert, Reveal, Reveal
3-D
and BioKits testing products for food allergens to help protect their food-allergic customers from the inadvertent contamination of products with food allergens, such asincluding but not limited to peanut, milk, egg, almond, gliadin (gluten), soy, hazelnut and hazelnutcoconut residues.

Dairy antibiotics.
Dairy processors are the primary users of Neogen’s BetaStar S, BetaStar Advanced and BetaStar 4D diagnostic tests to detect the presence of veterinary antibiotics in milk. The presence of these drugs above a certain level in milk is a public health hazard and an economic risk to processorsproducers as it limits the milk’s further processing.

Foodborne pathogens.
Meat and poultry processors, seafood processors, fruit and vegetable producers and many other market segments are the primary users of Neogen’s ANSR and Reveal tests for foodborne bacteria, including
E. coli
O157:H7,
Salmonella
,
Listeria
and
Campylobacter
. Neogen’s ANSR pathogen detection system is an isothermal amplification reaction test method which exponentially amplifies the DNA of any bacteria present in food and environmental samples to detectable levels in 10 minutes. Combined with ANSR’s single enrichment step, Neogen’s pathogen detection method provides
DNA-definitive
results in a fraction of the time of other molecular detection methods. Our new
Listeria
Right Now test detects the pathogen in less than 60 minutes without sample enrichment. Reveal’s lateral flow device combines an immunoassay with chromatography for a rapid and accurate
one-step
result.

Spoilage microorganisms.
Neogen’s Soleris and BioLumix products are used by food processors to identify the presence of spoilage organisms (e.g., yeast and mold) and other microbiological contamination in food. The systems measure microbial growth by monitoring biochemical reactions that generate a color change in the media as microorganisms grow. The sensitivity of the system allows detection in a fraction of the time needed for traditional methods, with less labor and handling time. Our NeoSeek genomics services utilize a novel application of 16s metagenomics to determine all bacteria in a sample, without introducing biases from culture media, and without the need to generate a bacterial isolate for each possible microbe in a sample.

Sanitation monitoring.
Neogen manufactures and markets our AccuPoint Advanced rapid sanitation test to detect the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a chemical found in all living cells. This
easy-to-use
and inexpensive test uses bioluminescence to quickly determine if a contact surface has been completely sanitized. When ATP comes into contact with the reagents contained in the test device, a reaction takes place that produces light. More light is indicative of higher levels of ATP and a need for more thorough sanitation. Our worldwide customer base for ATP sanitation testing products includes food and beverage processors, the food service and healthcare industries, as well as many other users.

Seafood contaminants.
Neogen’s specialty products for the seafood market include tests for histamine, a highly allergenic substance that occurs when certain species of fish begin to decay; sulfite, an effective but potentially allergenic shrimp preservative; and shellfish toxins. Neogen’s Reveal lateral flow tests for shellfish toxins include rapid tests to detect the toxins that cause amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) and paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP).
4

Waterborne microorganisms.
Neogen offers the food and beverage industries, including water companies, several platforms for performing the microbial analysis of water. This includes Neogen’s filter tests, which are a combination of Neogen Filter membrane filtration and Neogen Culture Media ampouled media, and
easy-to-use
Colitag product. With Colitag, after an incubation period, the sample changes color in the presence of coliforms and fluoresces in the presence of
E. coli
.
Neogen’s Food Safety group also offers:
Culture media.
Neogen Culture Media, formerly Neogen’s Acumedia and Lab M products, offers culture media and prepared media for varied purposes, including traditional bacterial testing and the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as cultures for sausages and beer. Our customers for culture media also include commercial and research laboratories and producers of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and veterinary vaccines.

Seafood contaminants. Neogen’s specialty products

Laboratory services.
Neogen offers food safety analysis services in the U.S., United Kingdom (U.K.) and India. These ISO accredited laboratories offer a variety of fee for service tests for the seafood market include tests for histamine, a highly allergenic substance that occurs when certain species of fish begin to decay; chloramphenicol, a banned antibiotic in most of the world, but still used by some shrimp farmers to improve the yield of their products; sulfite, an effective but potentially allergenic shrimp preservative;food and shellfish toxins.

feed industry.

The majority of Neogen’s food safety test kits use immunoassay technology to rapidly detect target substances. Our ability to produce high quality antibodies sets our products apart from immunoassay test kits produced and sold by other companies. Our kits are available in microwell formats, which allow for automated and rapid processing of a large number of samples, and lateral flow and other similar devices that provide distinct visual results. Typically, test kits use antibody-coated test devices and chemical reagents to indicate a positive or negative result for the presence of a target substance in a test sample; the simplicity of the tests makes them accessible to all levels of food producers, processors and handlers. Neogen also offers other test methods and products to complement its immunoassay tests.

Our test kits are generally based on internally developed technology, licensed technology, or technology that is acquired in connection with acquisitions. In fiscal 2018,2020, the Food Safety segment incurred expense totaling $2,038,000$2,040,000 for licenses and royalties for licensed technology used in our products, including expense of $829,000$822,000 for allergen products, $241,000$426,000 for the pathogen product line and $409,000 for licenses$257,000 related to the dairy antibiotics product line. Generally, royalty rates are in the range of 2% to 10% of revenues on products containing the licensed technology. Some licenses involve technology that is exclusive to Neogen’s use, while others are
non-exclusive
and involve technology licensed to multiple licensees.

Neogen’s international operations in the United Kingdom,U.K., Mexico, Brazil, China and India originally focused on food safety products, and each of these units reports through the Food Safety segment. In recent years, these operations have expanded to offer our complete line of products and services, including those usually associated with the Animal Safety segment such as cleaners, disinfectants, rodenticides, insecticides, veterinary instruments and genomics services. These additional products and services are managed and directed by existing management at our international operations, and report through the Food Safety segment.

Revenues from Neogen’s Food Safety segment accounted for 48.7%50.9%, 47.4%51.5%, and 45.6%48.9% of our total revenues for fiscal years ended May 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

ANIMAL SAFETY SEGMENT

Neogen’s Animal Safety segment is primarily engaged in the development, manufacture, marketing and distribution of veterinary instruments, pharmaceuticals, vaccines, topicals, diagnostic products, a full suite of agricultural biosecurity products such as rodenticides, cleaners, disinfectants and insecticides, and genomics services.

Veterinary instruments.
Neogen markets a broad line of veterinary instruments and animal health delivery systems under the Ideal brand name. Approximately 250 different products are offered, many of which are used to deliver animal health products, such as antibiotics and vaccines. Ideal’s D3 Needles are stronger than conventional veterinary needles and are uniquely detectable by metal detectors at meat processing facilities — a potential market advantage in the safety-conscious beef and swine industries. Neogen’s Prima Tech product line consists of highly accurate devices used by farmers, ranchers and veterinarians to inject animals, provide topical applications and to use for oral administration. Prima Tech is also a supplier of products used in artificial insemination in the swine industry. Other products include animal identification and handling equipment.

Veterinary pharmaceuticals.
Animal Safety’s NeogenVet product line provides innovative, value-added, high quality products to the veterinary market. Top NeogenVet products include PanaKare, a digestive aid that serves as a replacement therapy where digestion of protein, carbohydrate and fat is inadequate due to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency; Natural Vitamin
E-AD,
which aids in the prevention and treatment of vitamin deficiencies in swine, cattle and sheep; and RenaKare, a supplement for potassium deficiency in cats and dogs. Other products sold under the NeogenVet brand include
Vita-15
and Liver 7, which are used in the treatment and prevention of nutritional deficiencies. We also manufacture and market Uniprim, a leading veterinary antibiotic.

Veterinary biologics.
Neogen’s BotVax B vaccine has successfully protected thousands of high-value horses and foals against Type B botulism, commonly known as Shaker Foal Syndrome. Our product is the only USDA-approved vaccine for the prevention of Type B botulism in horses. Years of research and
5

many thousands of doses have proven Neogen’s EqStim immunostimulant to be safe and effective as a veterinarian-administered adjunct to conventional treatment of equine bacterial and viral respiratory infections. Our ImmunoRegulin product uses similar immunostimulant technology to aid in the treatment of pyoderma (a bacterial skin inflammation) in dogs.

Veterinary OTC products.
Animal Safety products offered by Neogen to the retail
over-the-counter
(OTC) market include Ideal brand veterinary instruments packaged for the retail market. OTC products also include
Stress-Dex,
an oral electrolyte replacer for performance horses, and Fura-Zone, for the prevention and treatment of surface bacterial infections in wounds, burns and cutaneous ulcers.Ag-Tek and other hoof Hoof care, disposables and artificial insemination supplies are marketed to the dairy and veterinary industries.

Rodenticides.
Neogen’s comprehensive line of proven rodenticides, sold under brand names such as Ramik and Havoc, effectively address rodent problems of any size and serve as a critical component of an overall biosecurity plan for animal protein production operations. Neogen offers several rodenticide active ingredients including diphacinone, bromethalin, brodifacoum, and zinc phosphide formulated with food grade ingredients to generate the highest acceptance and most palatable bait possible.

Cleaners and disinfectants.
Used in animal and food production facilities, Neogen’s cleaners and disinfectants, including DC&R, 904 Disinfectant,
Acid-A-Foam,
Synergize, BioPhene, Neogen Viroxide Super and FarmFluid S, can stop a disease outbreak before it starts. The products are also used in the veterinary clinic market to maintain sanitary conditions and limit the potential hazards of bacteria, fungi and viruses.

Neogen’s water line cleaner and disinfectant products, including Peraside, NeoKlor, AquaPrime and Siloxycide, clean water lines, and provide continuous disinfection of a livestock facility’s water supply.

Insecticides.
Neogen’s highly effective insecticides utilize environmentally friendly technical formulas, and several are approved for use in food establishments.establishments and by pest control professionals in a wide range of environments. The Company’s Prozap insecticide brand is well knownused in the large animal production industry, particularly with dairy and equine producers.

Neogen’s SureKill line of products is used by professionals to control a variety of insects.

Animal genomics services.
Neogen Genomics, formerly known as GeneSeek, and Igenity, provides value-added services to leading agricultural genetics providers, large national cattle associations, companion animal breed registries and direct to consumer canine genetic test providers, university researchers, and numerous commercial beef and dairy cattle, swine, sheep and poultry producers. With
state-of-the-art
genomics laboratories and the comprehensive bioinformatics to interpret genomics test results, Neogen Genomics offers identity and trait determination and analysis. Our technology employs high-resolutionhigh-density DNA genotyping and genomic sequencing for identity and trait analysis in a variety of important animal and agricultural plant species. Our extensive bioinformatics database identifies and predicts an animal’s positive or negative traits based on DNA test results. This information has helped livestock producers make significant improvementsincrease the speed of genetic improvement in the genomic makeuptheir herds and overall performance and quality of their animals.

Life sciences.
Neogen’s line of approximately 100 drug detection immunoassay test kits is sold worldwide for the detection of approximately 300 abused and therapeutic drugs in farm animals and racing animals, and for the detection of drug residues in meat and meat products. The test kits are also used for human forensic toxicology drug screening applications. This line includes tests for narcotics, analgesics, stimulants, depressants, tranquilizers, anesthetics, steroids and diuretics. Neogen also has several products used by researchers for the detection of biologically active substances.

Many of the products and services in the Animal Safety segment use licensed technology. In fiscal year 2018,2020, Animal Safety incurred expense totaling $838,000$484,000 for licenses and royalties for licensed technology used in our products and services, including expense of $410,000 for licenses$213,000 related to the genomics services line.

Neogen’s operation in Australia originally focused on providing genomics services and sales of animal safety products and reports through the Animal Safety segment. With the acquisition of Cell BioSciences in February 2020, our Australian operation has expanded to offer our complete line of products and services, including those usually associated with the Food Safety segment. These additional products are managed and directed by existing management at Neogen Australasia and report through the Animal Safety segment.
Revenues from Neogen’s Animal Safety segment accounted for 51.3%49.1%, 52.6%48.5%, and 54.4%51.1% of our total revenues for fiscal years ended May 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

GENERAL SALES AND MARKETING

Neogen is organized under two segments — Food Safety and Animal Safety. Within these segments, our sales efforts are generally organized by specific markets, rather than by products or geography. During the fiscal year that ended May 31, 2018,2020, we had approximately 27,00028,000 customers for our products. Since many of our customers for animal safety products are distributors, and certain animal safety products are offered to the general retail market, the total number of end users of our products is considerably greater than 27,000.28,000. As of May 31, 2018,2020, a total of 401379 employees were assigned to sales and marketing functions, compared to 375359 at the end of May 2017.2019. During the fiscal years ended May 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, no single customer or distributor accounted for 10% or more of our revenues.

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DOMESTIC SALES AND MARKETING

FOOD SAFETY

To reach each customer and prospect with expertise and experience, Neogen has a staff of specialized food safety sales and technical service representatives assigned to specific markets. This staff sells our products directly to end users, and also handles technical support issues that arise with customers in the United States and Canada.

States.

Neogen’s food safety markets are primarily comprised of:

Milling and grain
, including grain elevators, feed mills, pet food manufacturers, and grain inspection companies;

Meat and poultry
, including meat and poultry processors, producers of
ready-to-eat
meat and poultry products, and the USDA’s Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS);

Grocery products
Prepared foods and ingredients
, including flour millers, malters, bakeries, candy and confection manufacturers, manufacturers of prepared meals, nuts, spices, cookies, crackers and other snack foods;

Fruits and vegetables
, including growers and processors of juice and packaged fresh cut grocery items;

Seafood
, including harvesters and processors of a wide variety of seafood products;

Dairy
, including milk and yogurt processors;

Beverage
, including soft drink bottlers and beer and wine producers;

Water,
including food producers, water bottlers and municipal water departments;
Healthcare
, including hospitals and distributors to the healthcare industry;

Traditional culture media markets
, including commercial and research laboratories and producers of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and veterinary vaccines;

Food service
, including fast food service establishments and retail grocery market chains; and

Nutraceuticals
, including producers and marketers of a wide variety of nutritional and holistic consumer products.

ANIMAL SAFETY

Neogen markets a broad range

Neogen’s staff of pharmaceuticals, vitamin injectables, wound carespecialized animal safety sales, marketing, customer and technical service representatives sell our products topicals, instruments, genomicsand services directly to consumers, dealers, veterinarians, distributors and biologicals to the veterinary market. The product range is focused on the food (e.g., cattle, swineother manufacturers and poultry) and companion (e.g., horses, dogs and cats) animal markets. Neogen’s sales group works directly with veterinarians, clinics and universities, and markets through established ethical distributors by supporting the efforts of over 1,000also handle domestic distributor sales representatives calling on 35,000 plus veterinarians.technical support issues. Neogen further supports its veterinary distribution channelchannels through product training, field support, promotions and technical service.

We believe the animal health market offers growth opportunities for Neogen and its products. Neogen offers a broad range of products including well-recognized brands of rodenticides, cleaners and disinfectants, insecticides, instruments and horse care products. To reach the OTC market, Neogen’s sales team works with a large network of animal health distributors including marketing groups, traditionaltwo-step distributors, catalogers and large retail chains. Support includes product training, field support, planogram solutions,various promotions and advertising.

As

Neogen’s animal safety markets are primarily comprised of:
Companion animal veterinarians.
Neogen has a commercial laboratory, dedicated sales group that sells and technically supports the Company’s animal care, biosecurity and disposable products to the companion animal veterinary market.
Livestock producers, veterinarians and breed associations.
Neogen provideshas a dedicated group of sales professionals that sells the Company’s comprehensive suite of biosecurity and husbandry products and genomics services directdirectly to large-herd beeflivestock producers, and livestock veterinarians and veterinary clinics.
Distributors.
To expand the reach of its animal safety OTC and veterinary products, Neogen has a dedicated sales team that sells the Company’s products to animal health product distributors.
Retailers.
Neogen offers select animal care and biosecurity products directly to large farm and ranch retailers for sale to consumers.
Breeding and genetics companies.
Neogen has sales professionals who sell directly to the large dairy cattle, swine,artificial insemination providers, poultry and sheep producers, universitiesswine genetics companies and the aquaculture industry.
Diagnostic labs and universities.
Neogen has a dedicated lab, manufacturing, sales and technical service group that call on large commercial and forensic testing laboratories and universities.
Other manufacturers and government agencies.
Neogen has an experienced group of professionals who work directly with other research organizations,manufacturers and various livestockgovernment agencies to provide custom solution products and canine breed associations.

services for their needs.

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INTERNATIONAL SALES AND MARKETING

Neogen maintains 1215 Company-owned locations outside of the United States to provide a direct presence in regions of particular importance to us, and maintainsus; we maintain an extensive network of distributors to reach countries where we do not have a direct presence.

Neogen Europe.Europe and subsidiaries.
Neogen Europe, Ltd., located in Ayr, Scotland, sells products and services to our network of customers and distributors throughout the European Union (E.U.). Customers in the United Kingdom (U.K.), Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Customers in the U.K., France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands are served by our employees. In other European regions, customers are generally serviced by distributors managed by Neogen Europe personnel. Neogen Europe’s research and development team continues to be a strong asset in the development of products tailored to meet the unique requirements of the European market.
Neogen Europe management is also responsible for sales and marketing for our England-based Neogen’s other Europe-based operations, which include:
Lab M and Quat-Chem businesses. In August 2015, Neogen acquired the stock of Lab M Holdings (Lab M)Ltd., a developer, manufacturer and supplier of microbiological culture media and diagnostic systems located in Heywood, England. Lab M’sEngland, which manufactures an extensive range of microbiological culture media, supplements and immunomagnetic separation techniques andtechniques; its proficiency testing systems are used in laboratories around the world. In December 2016, Neogen acquired
Quat-Chem Ltd., a Rochdale, England-based chemical company specializingthat specializes in the development, manufacture and sale of agricultural, industrial, and food processing biocidal hygiene products, including cleaners and disinfectants. Quat-Chem sells its products on a global basis, with a focus on markets in the U.K., E.U., Middle East and Asia.

Neogen Latinoamérica. Our subsidiaryItalia, a Milan, Italy-based business acquired in Mexico, January 2020, directly markets and sells Neogen’s products in Italy.
Abtek (Biologicals) Ltd., acquired in February 2020, a developer and supplier of culture media supplements and microbiology technologies. With the acquisition, Abtek’s Liverpool operations became Neogen’s third global microbiology manufacturing facility, joining locations in Lansing and Heywood.
Neogen
Latinoam
é
rica
.
Neogen Latinoamérica is headquartered near Mexico City and distributes Neogen’s products throughout Mexico and Central America. Neogen Latinoamérica manages our business activities throughout the region by marketing to animal and crop producers and food processors, utilizing our direct sales representatives to sell Food Safety products and genomics services, while marketing cleaners, disinfectants and other Animal Safety products primarily through distributors.

Neogen Argentina, Neogen Uruguay and Neogen Chile.
In January 2020, Neogen acquired Productos Quimicos Magiar and Lakenord S.A. (Magiar Uruguay), distributors of Neogen’s food safety diagnostics products for the previous 20 years, with operations in Argentina and Uruguay, respectively. In March 2020, Neogen acquired the assets of Chile-based Magiar Chilena, a distributor of food, animal, and plant diagnostics, including Neogen products. With the acquisitions, the former Magiar operations remain in the three countries and provide Neogen with a physical presence in the important agricultural Southern Cone region of South America, which has large beef and dairy populations with significant export markets. The operations are managed through Neogen’s Latin American operations and offer direct sales of Neogen food safety, animal safety and genomics products into Argentina, Uruguay and Chile.
Neogen do Brasil.
Neogen do Brasil, headquartered near São Paulo, distributes Neogen’s products throughout Brazil. Brazil is one of the world leaders in the export of numerous food commodities, including beef, poultry, soybeans, coffee, sugar and orange juice, and this operation gives us direct sales representation to these important markets. Neogen do Brasil management is also responsible for sales and marketing for ourBrazil-based Deoxi and Rogama, businesses. Neogen owns Deoxi Biotecnologia Ltda,located in Pindamonhangaba, Brazil. This company operates a genomics testing laboratory located in Aracatuba, Brazil, which we purchased in April 2016. In December 2016, we acquiredBrazil-based Rogama Indústria e Comércio Ltda., a company which(formerly named Deoxi) and develops, manufactures and markets rodenticides and insecticides. Rogama was founded in 1979 and offers more than 70 registered pest control products to Brazil’s agronomic, professional and retail markets.

Neogen China.
Our Chinese subsidiary, with officeslocated in Shanghai, and Beijing, employs sales representatives who sell directly to Chinese customers. China’s burgeoning middle class, with its rapidly growing demand for higher quality meat and dairy products, makes the country a substantial growth opportunity for NeogenNeogen’s products and services — both for animal production on the country’s farms, and in processing plants throughout China’s food production and distribution channels. We utilize both direct sales representatives and distributors to sell our complete portfolio in this growing market.

Neogen India. In June 2015, Neogen acquired the assets of Sterling Test House, a leading commercial food testing laboratory based in southwest India, to serve as a base for our operations in India.
This business operates an accredited laboratory which was renamed Neogen India, includesperforms food safety and water quality testing for food producers, major hotels and restaurants in its home region, as well as safety and quality analysis for the country’s expanding nutraceutical market, and growing food export businesses. The laboratory is located in Kochi, in the state of Kerala, which is India’s leading region for the export of spices, tea, and fresh fruits and vegetables. Neogen India is also responsible for sales of our food safety and animal safety products to customers and distributors in India and nearby countries.
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Neogen Australasia.
Neogen Australasia operates a genomics testing laboratory, focusing on the sheep and cattle markets in Australia and New Zealand, and also markets and sells our animal safety products in those countries. In late fiscal 2016,February 2020, the Company acquired the assets of Cell BioSciences, an Australian distributor of food safety and industrial microbiology products. This acquisition has given Neogen transferreda direct sales responsibilitypresence across Australasia for our Food Safety products directly to sales representatives at Neogen India.

its entire product portfolio.

Neogen Canada.
In September 2015, Neogen opened a Canadian location in Guelph, Ontario. Currently, this office is used for genomics sales and sample reception, and reports through the Animal Safety segment.

Neogen Australasia. In September 2017,January 2019, Neogen acquired the assets of The University of Queensland Animal Genetics Laboratory (AGL) — the leadingEdmonton-based Delta Genomics Centre, a major animal genomics laboratory in Australia, a country with large cattle and sheep markets. The acquisition of AGL was intended to help accelerate the growth of our animal genomics business in Australia and New Zealand.Canada. With the acquisition, AGL wasDelta’s laboratory operations were renamed Neogen Australasia,Canada, and became Neogen’s fourthsixth animal genomics laboratory, joining existing locations in the U.S., Scotland, and Brazil.

Dairy antibiotics distributor. Neogen’s dairy antibiotics diagnostic products are marketed directly to customers in North America, Brazil, and China and distributed elsewhere internationally by Denmark based Chr. Hansen, an international supplier of natural ingredient solutions for the food, health and nutritional industries.

Australia.

Other distributor partners.
Outside of our physical locations, and dairy antibiotics distributor mentioned above, Neogen uses our own sales managers in both the Food Safety and Animal Safety segments to work closely with and coordinate the efforts of a network of approximately 150200 distributors in more than 100 countries. The distributors provide local training and technical support, perform market research and promote Company products within designated countries around the world.

Sales to customers outside the United States accounted for 37.6%39.4%, 35.8%40.1%, and 33.5%37.6% of our total revenues for fiscal years ended May 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively. No individual foreign country contributed 10% or more of our revenues for those same periods.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Management maintains a strong commitment to Neogen’s research and development activities. Our product development efforts are focused on the enhancement of existing products and in the development of new products that fit our business strategy. As of May 31, 2018,2020, we employed 10089 individuals in our worldwide research and development group, including immunologists, chemists and microbiologists. Research and development costs were approximately $14.8 million, $12.8 million, and $10.9 million $10.4 millionrepresenting 3.5%, 3.1%, and $9.9 million representing 2.7%, 2.9% and 3.1% of total revenues in fiscal years 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively. Management currently expects our future research and development expenditures to approximate 3% of total revenues annually.

Neogen has ongoing development projects for several new and improved diagnostic tests, readers and other complementary products for both the Food Safety and Animal Safety markets. Management expects that a number of these products will be commercially available at various times during fiscal years 20192021 and 2020.

2022.

Portions of certain technologies utilized in some products manufactured and marketed by Neogen were acquired from or developed in collaboration with affiliated partnerships,partners, independent scientists, governmental units, universities and other third parties. We have entered into agreements with these parties that provide for the payment of license fees and royalties based upon sales of products that utilize the pertinent licensed technology. License fees and royalties,Royalties, expensed to sales and marketing, under these agreements amounted to $2,876,000, $2,659,000$2,524,000, $2,795,000, and $1,969,000$2,876,000 in fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

PROPRIETARY PROTECTION AND APPROVALS

Neogen uses trade secrets as proprietary protection in many of its food and animal safety products. In many cases, we have developed unique antibodies capable of detecting microorganisms and residues at minute levels. The supply of these antibodies, and the proprietary techniques utilized for their development, may offer better protection than the filing of patents. Such proprietary reagents are maintained in secure facilities and stored in more than one location to reduce exposure to complete destruction by natural disaster or other means.

Patent and trademark applications are submitted whenever appropriate. Since its inception, Neogen has acquired and received numerous patents and trademarks, and has several pending patents and trademarks. The patents expire at various times over the next 2423 years.

9

A summary of patents by product categories follows:

   USA   International   Expiration 

Natural Toxins, Allergens, & Drug Residues

   24    48    2018-2042 

Bacterial & General Sanitation

   1    9    2018-2021 

Life Sciences

   0    4    2024 

Vaccine

   2    0    2018-2028 

Veterinary Instruments & Other

   13    33    2019-2039 

Genomics Services

   18    4    2021-2029 

   
USA
   
International
   
Expiration
 
Natural Toxins, Allergens, & Drug Residues
   21    33    2021-2026 
Bacterial & General Sanitation
   5    0    2021-2022 
Life Sciences
   0    4    2024 
Vaccine
   1    0    2028 
Veterinary Instruments & Other
   13    44    2020-2042 
Genomics Services
   18    4    2021-2029 
We do not expect the near-term expiration of any single patent to have a significant effect on future results of operations.

Management believes that Neogen has adequate protection regarding proprietary rights for our products. However, we are aware that substantial research has taken place at universities, governmental agencies and other companies throughout the world and that numerous patents have been applied for and issued for technologies which may be used in our products. To the extent some of our products may now, or in the future, embody technologies protected by patents, copyrights or trade secrets of others, we may need to obtain licenses to use such technologies may need to be obtained to continue to sell the products. These licenses may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. Failure to obtain any such licenses may delay or prevent the sale of certain new or existing products. In addition, patent litigation is not uncommon. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that our existing patents will be sufficient to completely protect our proprietary rights.

One of the major areas affecting the success of biotechnology development involves the time, cost and uncertainty surrounding regulatory approvals. Neogen products requiring regulatory approval, which we currently have in place, include BotVax B, EqStim, ImmunoRegulin, Uniprim and BetaStar. Our general strategy is to select technical and proprietary products that do not require mandatory approval by regulatory bodies to be marketed. Neogen’s rodenticide, disinfectant and insecticide products are subject to registration in the United States and internationally.

Neogen utilizes third-party validations on many of our disposable test kits as a marketing tool to provide our customers with assurances that our products perform to specified levels. These include validation by the AOAC International, independently administered third-party, multi-laboratory collaborative studies and approvals by the U.S. Federal Grain Inspection Service and the USDA Food Safety Inspection Service for the use of our products in their operations.

PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY

Neogen manufactures our products in Michigan, Kentucky, Wisconsin, North Carolina, Iowa, Tennessee, California, the United Kingdom and Brazil and provides genomics services in Nebraska, Scotland, Brazil, Australia, China and Australia.Canada. As of May 31, 2018,2020, there were approximately 764965 full-time employees assigned to manufacturing and providing of services in these locations, operating on one or two shifts; with occasional 24/7 production during high demand periods. Future demand increases could be accommodated by adding shifts. Management believes we could increase the current output of our primary product lines by more than 50% using the current space available; however, to do so would require investment in additional equipment.

Food safety diagnostics.
Manufacturing of diagnostic tests for the detection of natural toxins, pathogens, food allergens, dairy antibiotics, spoilage organisms and pesticides, final kit assembly, quality assurance and shipping takes place at our facilities in Lansing, Michigan. Proprietary monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for Neogen’s diagnostic kits are produced on a regular schedule in our immunology laboratories in Lansing. Generally, final assembly and shipment of diagnostic test kits to customers in Europe is performed in our Ayr, Scotland facility. AssemblyMost of the Company’s food safety diagnostic instruments and shipment of electronic readers and disposablesingle-use samplers takes place in our facilities in Lansing. Soleris and BioLumix instrument readers are produced by third-party vendors to our specifications, quality tested in Lansing, and then shipped to customers. Culture media products are manufactured in aFDA-registeredan
ISO-approved
facility in Lansing and in Heywood and Liverpool, England. Products are blended following strict formulations or custom blended to customer specificationspecifications and shipped directly to customers from Lansing and Heywood.

the United Kingdom. The Heywood location produces prepared media plates, sterile liquid media, and other related products in ready to use format for the food testing laboratories across the U.K. and western Europe.

Animal health products.
Manufacturing of animal health products, pharmacological diagnostic test kits and test kits for drug residues takes place in our
FDA-registered
facilities in Lexington, Kentucky. In general, manufacturing operations including reagent manufacturing, quality assurance, final kit assembly and packaging are performed by Neogen personnel. Certain animal health products and veterinary instruments that are purchased finished or that are toll manufactured by third party vendors are warehoused and shipped from our Lexington facilities. Other veterinary instruments are produced in our facilities in Lansing, and are generally then shipped to Lexington for distribution to customers. Manufacturing and shipment of devices used for animal injections, topical applications and oral administration occurs in Kenansville, North Carolina.

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Veterinary biologics.
Neogen maintains a Lansing-based USDA-approved manufacturing facility devoted to the production of the biologic products EqStim and ImmunoRegulin.
P.acnes
seed cultures are added to media and then subjected to several stages of further processing resulting in a finished product that is filled and packaged within the facility. Our BotVax B vaccine is also produced in the Lansing facility utilizing Type B botulism seed cultures and a traditional fermentation process. All completed biologic products are then shipped to Neogen’s Lexington facilities where they are inventoried prior to distribution to customers.

Agricultural genomics services.
Neogen offers agricultural genomics laboratory services and bioinformatics at our locations in Nebraska, Scotland, Brazil, Australia, China and Australia.Canada. Through our laboratory services and bioinformatics (primarily in beef and dairy cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry, horses and dogs), Neogen Genomics allows our customers to speed genetic improvement efforts, as well as identify economically important diseases.

Cleaners, disinfectants and rodenticides.
Manufacturing of rodenticides and/or cleaners and disinfectants takes place in the following locations: Randolph, Wisconsin; Memphis, Tennessee; Turlock, California; Rochdale, England; and Pindamonhangaba, Brazil. Manufacturing of rodenticides consists of blending technical material (active ingredient) with bait consisting principally of various grains. Certain cleaners and disinfectants are manufactured in Neogen facilities, while others are purchased from other manufacturers for resale, or toll manufactured by third parties.

Pesticides.

Insecticides.
Neogen manufactures insecticides and other pesticides at its facilities in Pleasantville, Iowa and Pindamonhangaba, Brazil.

Neogen purchases component parts and raw materials from more than 1,000 suppliers. Though many of these items are purchased from a single source to achieve the greatest volume discounts, we believe we have identified acceptable alternative suppliers for most of our key components and raw materials where it is economically feasible to do so. There can be no assurance that we would avoid a disruption of supply in the event a supplier discontinues shipment of product. Shipments of products are generally accomplished within a
48-hour
turnaround time. Because of this quick response time, our backlog of unshipped orders at any given time has historically not been significant.

COMPETITION

Although competitors vary in individual markets, management knows of no competitor that is pursuing Neogen’s fundamental strategy of developing and marketing a broad line of products, ranging from disposable tests and culture media to veterinary pharmaceuticals and instruments for a large number of food safety and animal safety concerns. For each of our individual products or product lines, we face intense competition from companies ranging from small businesses to divisions of large multinational companies. Some of these organizations have substantially greater financial resources than Neogen. We compete primarily on the basis of ease of use, speed, accuracy and other similar performance characteristics of our products. The breadth of our product line, the effectiveness of our sales and customer service organizations, and pricing are also components in management’s competitive strategy.

Future competition may become even more intense, and could result from the development of new technologies, which could affect the marketability and profitability of Neogen’s products. Our competitive position will also depend on management’sour ability to continue to develop proprietary products, attract and retain qualified scientific and other personnel, develop and implement production and marketing plans and obtain patent protection for new products. Additionally, we must continue to generate or have access to adequate capital resources to execute our strategy.

FOOD SAFETY:

With a large professional sales organization offering a comprehensive catalog of food safety solutions, management believes we maintain a general advantage over competitors offering only limited product lines. In most cases, Neogen sales and technical service personnel can offer unique insight into a customer’s numerous safety and quality challenges, and offer testing and other solutions to help the customer overcome those challenges.

Competition for pathogen detection products includes traditional methods and antibody and genetic-based platforms; competition for natural toxins and allergen detection products include instrumentation and antibody-based tests. While our offerings will not always compete on all platforms in all markets, the products we offer provide tests that can be utilized by most customers to meet their testing needs.

In addition to our extensive product offerings and robust distribution network, we focus our competitive advantage in the areas of customer service, product performance, speed, and ease of use of our products. Additionally, by aggressively maintaining Neogen as a
low-cost
producer, we believe that we can be competitive with new market entrants that may choose a low pricing strategy in an attempt to gain market share.

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ANIMAL SAFETY:

Neogen’s Animal Safety segment faces no one competitor across the products and markets we serve. In the racing industry market, we believe we hold a leading market share position. In the life sciences and forensics markets, we compete against several other diagnostic and reagent companies with similar product offerings.

In the veterinary market, Neogen markets BotVax B, the only USDA-approved vaccine for the prevention of botulism Type B in horses. We compete on other key products through differentiated product performance and superior customer and technical support. With some of our products, we provide solutions as a lower cost alternative and also offer a private label option for our distributors.

Competition in the rodenticide market includes several companies of comparable size that offer products into similar market segments. The retail rodenticide market is not dominated by a single brand. While the technical materials used by competing companies are similar, Neogen uses manufacturing and bait formula techniques which we believe may better attract rodents to the product and thereby improves overall product performance.

Within the insecticide market, Chem-Tech products specifically focus on the area of insect control for food and animal safety applications. There are several competitors offering similar products, however, we have a proprietary formulation chemistry that optimizes the delivery and safe application of insecticides at the customer’s location. These products are currently only sold in the U.S. through a combination of direct sales and distributors.

Numerous companies, including a number of large multinationals, compete for sales in the cleaner and disinfectant product segment. Neogen’s broad line of products are sold through our distributor network around the world, primarily to assist in the cleaning and disinfecting of animal production facilities.

In addition to our extensive portfolio of Animal Safety products, Neogen also competes in the retail market by providing solutions to common retail problems, such as stock outs, wasted floor space and inconsistent brand identity. We differentiate ourselves by offering planograms and convenient reordering systems to maximize turns and profitability for our retail customers.

Neogen Genomics, which includes the leading commercial agricultural genomics laboratory in the U.S., employs cutting-edge technology in the area of genomics. The result of this technology allows the acceleration of natural selection through selective breeding of traits such as disease resistance, yield improvement and meat quality. Competition comes mainly from a number of service providers, some significantly larger than us, whose primary focus are the human and pharmaceutical industries, as well as several smaller companies offering genomics services. Neogen Genomics is not involved in cloning or the development of transgenic animals.

GOVERNMENT REGULATION

A significant portion of Neogen’s products and revenues are affected by the regulations of various domestic and foreign government agencies, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Changes in these regulations could affect revenues and/or costs of production and distribution.

Neogen’s development and manufacturing processes involve the use of certain hazardous materials, chemicals and compounds. Management believes that our safety procedures for handling and disposing of such commodities comply with the standards prescribed by federal, state and local regulations; however, changes in such regulations or rules could involve significant costs to us and could be materially adverse to our business.

The rodenticides, insecticides, cleaners, disinfectants and sanitizers manufactured and distributed by Neogen are subject to EPA and various state regulations. In general, any international sale of our products must also comply with similar regulatory requirements in the country of destination. Each country has its own individual regulatory construct with specific requirements (e.g., label in the language of the importing country). To the best of our knowledge, Neogen products are in compliance with applicable regulations in the countries where such products are sold.

Dairy diagnostic products used in National Conference on Interstate Milk Shipments (NCIMS), a cooperative program involving FDA, state governments and the industry, must first be approved. Before products requiring NCIMS approval can be sold in the U.S., extensive product performance data must be submitted in accordance with the
FDA-approved
protocol administered by the AOAC Research Institute (AOAC RI). Following approval of a product by NCIMS, the product must be reviewed by the FDA. Our BetaStar Advanced U.S. dairy antibiotic residue testing product has been reviewed and/or approved by the appropriate regulatory bodies.

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Many of the food safety diagnostic products do not require direct government approval. However, we have pursued AOAC approval for a number of these products to enhance their marketability.

Neogen’s veterinary vaccine products and some pharmaceutical products require government approval to allow for lawful sales. The vaccine products are approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Center for Veterinary Biologics
(USDA-CVB)
and the pharmaceutical products are approved by the FDA. The products, and the facilities in which they are manufactured, are in a position of good standing with both agencies. We have no warning letters based on any review of these products or facility inspection, no recalls on any of these products, and are not aware of any reason why we could not manufacture and market such products in the future.

Other animal safety and food safety products generally do not require additional registrations or approvals. However, Neogen’s regulatory staff routinely monitors amendments to current regulatory requirements to ensure compliance.

EMPLOYEES

As of May 31, 2018,2020, we employed 1,5461,764 full-time persons worldwide. None of the employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. There have been no work stoppages or slowdowns due to labor-related problems, and management believes that our relationship with our employees is generally good. Employees with access to proprietary information have executed confidentiality agreements with Neogen.

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ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS

An investment in Neogen Corporation’s common shares involves a high degree of risk. The risks described below are not the only ones that an investor faces. Additional risks that are not yet known to us or that we currently think are immaterial could also impair our business, financial condition or results of operations. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.

Risks Relating to Our Business

The widespread outbreak of an illness or any other communicable disease, or any other public health crisis, could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We could be negatively impacted by the widespread outbreak of an illness or any other communicable disease, or any other public health crisis that results in economic and trade disruptions, including the disruption of global supply chains. In December 2019, an outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus
(“COVID-19”)
began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared
COVID-19
a pandemic. The
COVID-19
pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy, disrupted global supply chains and created significant volatility and disruption of financial markets. The extent of the impact of the
COVID-19
pandemic on our operational and financial performance, including our ability to execute our business strategies and initiatives in the expected time frame, will depend on many factors outside our control, including, without limitation, the timing, extent, trajectory and duration of the pandemic, related restrictions on travel and transports, the development and availability of effective treatments and vaccines, the imposition of protective public safety measures, and the impact of the pandemic on the global economy and consumer demand. Additional future impacts to us may include, but are not limited to, material adverse effects on: demand for our products and services; our supply chain, and sales and distribution channels; and our profitability and cost structure. An extended period of global supply chain and economic disruption could materially affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. The situation is changing rapidly and future impacts may materialize that are not yet known. To the extent the
COVID-19
pandemic adversely affects our business, results of operations, financial condition and stock price, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this section.
Our business strategy is dependent on successfully promoting internal growth and identifying and integrating acquisitions.

Our business has grown significantly over the past several years as a result of both internal growth and acquisitions of existing businesses and their products. Management initiatives may be attempted to augment internal growth, such as strengthening our presence in select markets, reallocating research and development funds to higher growth potential products, development of new applications for our technologies, enhancing our service offerings, continuing key customer efforts, and finding new markets for our products. Failure of these management initiatives may have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

Identifying and pursuing acquisition opportunities, integrating these acquisitions into our business and managing their growth requires a significant amount of management’s time and skill. We cannot assure that we will be effective in identifying, integrating or managing future acquisition targets. Our failure to successfully integrate and manage a future acquisition may have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

In addition, if we continue to experience growth in our business, such growth could place a significant strain on our management, customer service, operations, sales and administrative personnel, and other resources. To serve the needs of our existing and future customers we will be required to recruit, train, motivate and manage qualified employees. We have incurred and will continue to incur significant costs to retain qualified management, sales and marketing, engineering, production, manufacturing and administrative personnel, as well as expenses for marketing and promotional activities. Our ability to manage our planned growth depends upon our success in expanding our operating, management, information and financial systems, which might significantly increase our operating expenses.

We may not be able to effectively manage our future growth, and if we fail to do so, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We rely significantly on our information systemssystems’ infrastructure to support our operations and a failure of these systems and infrastructure and/or a security breach of our information systems could damage our reputation and have an adverse effect on operations and results.

We rely on our information systemssystems’ infrastructure to integrate departments and functions, to enhance our ability to service customers, to improve our control environment and to manage our cost reduction initiatives. If a security breach or cyberattack of our IT networks and systems occurs, our operations could be interrupted. Any issues involving our critical business applications and infrastructure may adversely impact our ability to manage our operations and the customers we serve. Although we have controls and security measures in place to prevent such attacks, experienced computer
14

hackers are increasingly organized and sophisticated. Malicious attack efforts operate on a large-scale and sometimes offer targeted attacks as a
paid-for
service. In addition, the techniques used to access or sabotage networks change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target.

We rely on several information systems throughout our company, as well as those of our third-party business partners’,partners, to provide access to our
web-based
products and services, keep financial records, analyze results of operations, process customer orders, manage inventory, process shipments to customers, store confidential or proprietary information and operate other critical functions. Although Neogen employs system backup measures and engages in information system redundancy planning and processes, such measures, planning and processes, as well as our current disaster recovery plan, may be ineffective or inadequate to address all vulnerabilities. Further, our information systems and our business partners’ and suppliers’ information systems may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers and other security breaches, including computer viruses and malware, through the Internet (including via devices and applications connected to the Internet), email attachments and persons with access to these information systems, such as our employees or third parties with whom we do business. As information systems and the use of software and related applications by us, our business partners, suppliers, and customers become more cloud-based, there has been an increase in global cybersecurity vulnerabilities and threats, including more sophisticated and targeted cyber-related attacks that pose a risk to the security of our information systems and networks and the confidentiality, availability and integrity of data and information.

While we have implemented network security and internal control measures, especially for the purpose of protecting our connected products and services from cyberattacks, and invested in our data and information technology infrastructure, there can be no assurance that these efforts will prevent a system disruption, attack, or security breach and, as such, the risk of system disruptions and security breaches from a cyberattack remains.

In addition, if

If our security and information systems are compromised, or employees fail to comply with the applicable laws and regulations, or this information is obtained by unauthorized persons or used inappropriately, it could adversely affect our reputation, as well as results of operations, and could result in litigation, the imposition of penalties, or significant expenditures to remediate any damage to persons whose personal information has been compromised.

In addition,
COVID-19
may have an adverse impact on our information technology systems, including telecommuting issues associated with the rapid and broad-based shift in our employee population working remotely, which creates inherent productivity, connectivity and oversight challenges.
Disruption of our manufacturing and service operations could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We manufacture our products at several manufacturing facilities located in the following locations: Lansing, Michigan; Lexington, Kentucky; Randolph, Wisconsin; Kenansville, North Carolina; Pleasantville, Iowa; Memphis, Tennessee; Turlock, California; Heywood, England; Liverpool, England; Ayr, Scotland; Rochdale, England; and Pindamonhangaba, Brazil. We offer genomics services from facilities located in: Lincoln, Nebraska; Ayr, Scotland; Aracatuba, BrazilPindamonhangaba, Brazil; Edmonton, Canada; Shanghai, China; and Gatton, Australia. These facilities and our distribution systems are subject to catastrophic loss due to fire, flood, terrorism or other natural or
man-made
disasters. If any of these facilities were to experience a catastrophic loss, it could disrupt our operations, delay production, shipments and revenue and result in significant expenses to repair or replace the facility and/or distribution system. If such a disruption were to occur, we could breach agreements, our reputation could be harmed, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected. Although we carry insurance for property damage and business interruption, we do not carry insurance or have financial reserves for interruptions or potential losses arising from terrorism. Economic conditions and uncertainties in global markets may adversely affect the cost and other terms upon which we are able to obtain third party insurance. If we are unable to obtain sufficient and cost-effective third-party insurance coverage, or to the extent we have elected to self-insure, we may be at greater risk that our operations will be harmed by a catastrophic loss.

Our dependence on suppliers could limit our ability to sell certain products or negatively affect our operating results.

We rely on third-party suppliers to provide raw materials and other components in our products, manufacture products that we do not manufacture ourselves and perform services that we do not provide ourselves, including package delivery services.ourselves. Because these suppliers are independent third parties with their own financial objectives, actions taken by them could have a negative effect on our results of operations. The risks of relying on suppliers include our inability to enter into contracts with third party suppliers on reasonable terms, inconsistent or inadequate quality control, relocation of supplier facilities, supplier work stoppages and suppliers’ failure to comply with their contractual obligations. In addition, we currently purchase some raw materials and products from sole or single sources. Some of the products that we purchase from these sources are proprietary and, therefore, cannot be readily or easily replaced by alternative sources. Problems with suppliers could negatively impact our ability to supply the market, substantially decrease sales, lead to higher costs or damage our reputation with our customers.

15

We rely heavily on third-party package delivery services, and a significant disruption in these services or significant increases in prices may disrupt our ability to ship products, increase our costs and lower our profitability.

We ship a significant portion of our products to customers through independent package delivery companies, such as UPS, Federal Express and DHL. We also ship our products through other carriers, including national and regional trucking firms, overnight carrier services and the U.S. Postal Service. If one or more of these third-party package delivery providers were to experience a major work stoppage, preventing our products from being delivered in a timely fashion or causing us to incur additional shipping costs we could not pass on to our customers, our costs could increase and our relationships with some of our customers could be adversely affected. In addition, if one or more of our third-party package delivery providers were to increase prices, and we were not able to find comparable alternatives or make adjustments within our delivery network, our profitability could be adversely affected.

Our business sells many products through distributors, which present risks that could negatively affect our operating results.

We sell many of our products, both within and outside of the U.S., through distributors. As a result, we are dependent on these distributors to sell our products and assist us in promoting and creating a demand for our products. Our distributors sometimes offer products from several different companies, and those distributors may carry our competitors’ products and promote our competitors’ products over our own. We have limited ability, if any, to cause our distributors to devote adequate resources to promoting, marketing, selling and supporting our products. We cannot assure that we will be successful in maintaining and strengthening our relationships with our distributors or establishing relationships with new distributors who have the ability to market, sell and support our products effectively. We may rely on one or more key distributors for a product or region, and the loss of one or more of these distributors could reduce our revenue. Distributors may face financial difficulties, including bankruptcy, which could impact our ability to collect our accounts receivable and negatively impact our financial results. In addition, violations of anti-corruption laws or similar laws by our distributors could have a material impact on our business, and any termination of a distributor relationship may result in increased competition in the applicable jurisdiction. Failing to manage the risks associated with our use of distributors may reduce sales, increase expenses and weaken our competitive position, which could have a negative impact on our operating results.

The development of new products entails substantial risk of failure due to the production of
non-viable
products, lack of properly identifying market potential, and competitors better serving the marketplace.

Our growth strategy includes significant investment in and expenditures for product development. To execute this strategy, we are continually developing new products for which we believe there should be significant market demand. We cannot assure that we will successfully develop commercially viable products, that the products will be developed on a timely basis to meet market demand or that the relevant market will be properly identified. Our competitors may also adapt more quickly, and deliver superior technologies, price and/or service to better fit our customers’ requirements. If we expend substantial resources in developing an unsuccessful product, whether that lack of success is the result of our production of a
non-viable
product, a misidentified market, or a competitor’s superior ability to meet our customers’ requirements, operating results could be adversely affected.

Our international operations are subject to different product standards as well as other operational risks.

In fiscal 2018, sales to customers outside of the U.S. accounted for 37.6% of our total revenue. We expect that our international business will continue to account for a significant portion of our total sales. Foreign regulatory bodies may establish product standards different from those in the U.S. and with which our current products do not comply. Our potential inability to design products that comply with foreign standards could have a material adverse effect on our future growth. Other risks related to sales to customers outside of the U.S. include possible disruptions in transportation, difficulties in building and managing foreign distribution, fluctuation in the value of foreign currencies, changes in import duties and quotas and unexpected economic and political changes in foreign markets. These factors could adversely affect international sales and our overall financial performance.

The markets for our products are extremely competitive, and our competitors may be able to utilize existing resource advantages to our detriment.

The markets in which we compete are subject to rapid and substantial changes in technology and are characterized by extensive research and development and intense competition. Many of ourOur competitors and potential competitors may have greater financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing, research and development and management resources than we do. These competitors might be able to use their resources, reputations and ability to leverage existing customer relationships to give them a competitive advantage over us. They might also succeed in developing products that are more reliable and effective than our products, make additional measurements, are less costly than our products or provide alternatives to our products.

We are dependent on the agricultural marketplace, which is affected by factors beyond our control.

Our primary customers are in the agricultural and food production industries. Economic conditions affecting agricultural industries are cyclical and are dependent upon many factors outside of our control, including weather conditions, changes in consumption patterns or commodity prices. Any of these factors in the agricultural marketplace could affect our sales and overall financial performance.

Our quarterly operating results are subject to significant fluctuations.

We have experienced, and may experience in the future, significant fluctuations in our quarterly operating results. The mix of products sold and the acceptance of new products, in addition to other factors, could contribute to this quarterly variability. We operate with relatively little backlog and have few long-term customer contracts. Substantially all our product revenue in each quarter results from orders received in that quarter. In addition, our expense levels are based, in part, on our expectation of future revenue levels. A shortfall in expected revenue could, therefore, result in a disproportionate decrease in our net income.

16

Our success is highly dependent on our ability to obtain protection for the intellectual property utilized in our products.

Our success and ability to compete depends in part upon our ability to obtain protection in the U.S. and other countries for our products by establishing and maintaining intellectual property rights relating to or incorporated into our technology and products. Patent applications filed by us may not result in the issuance of patents or, if issued, may not be issued in a form that will be commercially advantageous to us. Even if issued, patents may be challenged, narrowed, invalidated or circumvented, which could limit our ability to stop competitors from marketing similar products or limit the length of time we may have patent protection for our products. We also cannot assure that our nondisclosure agreements, together with trade secrets and other common law rights, will provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets and other proprietary information. Moreover, the laws of some foreign jurisdictions may not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as in the U.S., and many companies have encountered significant difficulties in protecting and defending such rights in foreign jurisdictions. If we encounter such difficulties or we are otherwise precluded from effectively protecting our intellectual property rights domestically or in foreign jurisdictions, we may incur substantial costs and our business, including our business prospects, could be substantially harmed.

From time to time, we have received notices alleging that our products infringe third-party proprietary rights. Whether the manufacture, sale or use of current products, or whether any products under development would, upon commercialization, infringe any patent claim will not be known with certainty unless and until a court interprets the patent claim in the context of litigation. When an infringement allegation is made against us, we may seek to invalidate the asserted patent claim and/or to allege
non-infringement
of the asserted patent claim. For us to invalidate a U.S. patent claim, we would need to rebut the presumption of validity afforded to issued patents in the U.S. with clear and convincing evidence of invalidity, which is a high burden of proof. The outcome of infringement litigation is subject to substantial uncertainties, and also the testimony of experts as to technical facts upon which experts may reasonably disagree. Our defense of an infringement litigation lawsuit could result in significant expense. Regardless of the outcome, infringement litigation could significantly disrupt our marketing, development and commercialization efforts, divert management’s attention and consume our financial resources. In the event that we are found to infringe any valid claim in a patent held by a third party, we may, among other things, be required to:

Pay damages, including up to treble damages and the other party’s attorneys’ fees, which may be substantial;

Cease the development, manufacture, importation, use and sale of products that infringe the patent rights of others, through a court-imposed injunction;

Expend significant resources to redesign our technology so that it does not infringe others’ patent rights, or develop or acquire
non-infringing
intellectual property, which may not be possible;

Discontinue manufacturing or other processes incorporating infringing technology; and/or

Obtain licenses to the infringed intellectual property, which may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all.

Any development or acquisition of
non-infringing
products, technology or licenses could require the expenditure of substantial time and other resources and could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results. If we are required to, but cannot, obtain a license to valid patent rights held by a third party, we would likely be prevented from commercializing the relevant product, or from further manufacture, sale or use of the relevant product.

We are subject to substantial governmental regulation.

A portion of our products and facilities are regulated by various domestic and foreign government agencies including, but not limited to, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency. A significant portion of our revenue is derived from products used to monitor and detect the presence of residues that are regulated by various government agencies. Furthermore, our growth may be adversely affected by the implementation of new regulations. We are not aware of any failures to comply with applicable laws and regulations; theThe costs of compliance or failure to comply with any obligations related to these laws or regulations could adversely impact our business.

We are dependent on key employees.

Our success depends, in large part, on members of our management team. Our loss of any of these, or other key employees could have a material adverse effect on us. We maintain certain incentive plans for key employees, and many of these employees have been with us in excess of five years. However, we have not executed long-term employment agreements with any of these employees and do not expect to do so in the foreseeable future. Our success depends, significantly, on our ability to continue to attract and retain such personnel. We cannot assure that we will be able to retain our existing personnel or attract additional qualified persons when required and on acceptable terms.

Our business may be subject to product or services liability claims.

The manufacturing and distribution of our products involveor performance of our services involves an inherent risk of product liability claims being asserted against us. Regardless of whether we are ultimately determined to be liable or our products are determined to be defective, we might incur significant legal expenses not covered by insurance. In addition, product liability litigation could damage our reputation and impair our ability to market our products, regardless of the outcome. Litigation could also impair our ability to retain product liability insurance or make our insurance more expensive.
17

Although we currently maintain liability insurance, we cannot assure that we will be able to continue to obtain such insurance on acceptable terms, or that such insurance will provide adequate coverage against all potential claims. If we are subject to an uninsured or inadequately insured product or services liability claim, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Market prices for securities of technology companies are highly volatile.

The market prices for securities of technology companies have been volatile in the past and could continue to be volatile in the future. Fluctuations in our financial performance from period to period could have a significant impact on the market price of our common shares.

Operating

Our international operations are subject to different product standards as well as other operational risks.
In fiscal 2020, sales to customers outside of the U.S. accounted for 39.4% of our total revenue. We expect that our international business will continue to account for a significant portion of our total sales. Foreign regulatory bodies may establish product standards different from those in the U.S. and with which our current products do not comply. Our potential inability to design products that comply with foreign standards could have a material adverse effect on our future growth. Other risks related to sales to customers outside of the U.S. include possible disruptions in transportation, difficulties in building and managing foreign distribution, fluctuation in the value of foreign currencies, changes in import duties and quotas and unexpected economic and political changes in foreign markets. These factors could negatively impact our competitiveness in these markets or otherwise adversely impact our business results or financial condition. Moreover, discriminatory or conflicting fiscal or trade policies in different countries, including potential changes to tariffs and existing trade policies and agreements, could be negatively impacted by economic,adversely affect our results.
Changing political or other developmentsconditions could adversely impact our business and financial results.
Changes in countriesthe political conditions in markets in which we do business.

Future operatingmanufacture, sell or distribute our products may be difficult to predict and may adversely affect our business and financial results. For example, the U.K.’s decision to leave the European Union has created uncertainty regarding, among other things, the U.K.’s future legal and economic framework and how the U.K. will interact with other countries, including with respect to the free movement of goods, services, capital and people. In addition, results of elections, referendums or other political processes in certain markets in which our products are manufactured, sold or distributed could be negatively impacted by unstable economic, political and social conditions, including but not limited to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, political instability, or changes in the creation or interpretation ofcreate uncertainty regarding how existing governmental policies, laws and regulations or administrative actions in eachmay change, including with respect to sanctions, taxes, the movement of goods, services, capital and people between countries and other matters. The potential implications of such uncertainty, which include, among others, exchange rate fluctuations, trade barriers and market contraction, could adversely affect the countries where we conductCompany’s business including the U.S.

These potential negative impacts include, but are not limited to, the following: reduction of demand for some of our products, increase in the rate of order cancellations or delays, increased risk of excess and obsolete inventories, increased pressure on prices for our products and services, and longer sales cycles and greater difficulty in collecting accounts receivable.

financial results.

Tax legislation could materially adversely affect our financial results and tax liabilities.

We are subject to the tax laws and regulations of the U.S., including state and local governments, as well as foreign jurisdictions. From time to time, legislationLegislation may be proposedenacted that could materially adversely affect our financial results.results There can be no assurance that our effective tax rate will not be adversely affected by legislation. On December 22, 2017,
Our tax expense and liabilities may also be affected by other factors, such as changes in our business operations, acquisitions, investments, entry into new businesses and geographies, intercompany transactions, the President signed into law the Tax Cutrelative amount of our foreign earnings, losses incurred in jurisdictions for which we are not able to realize related tax benefits, changes in our stock price, and Jobs Act, which contains a broad range ofchanges in our deferred tax reform provisions that impact corporate tax rates, international tax provisions, income taxadd-back provisionsassets and deductions. We are still evaluating this complex new law to determine its long-term impact.

liabilities and their valuation. In addition, tax laws and regulations are extremely complex and subject to varying interpretations. For example, the legislation known as the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “U.S. Tax Act”) requires complex computations to be performed that were not previously required by U.S. tax law, significant judgments to be made in interpretation of the provision of the U.S. Tax Act, significant estimates in calculations, and the preparation and analysis of information not previously relevant or regularly produced. The U.S. Treasury Department, the IRS, and other standard-setting bodies will continue to interpret or issue guidance on how provisions of the U.S. Tax Act will be applied or otherwise administered. As future guidance is issued, we may make adjustments to amounts that we have previously recorded that may materially impact our financial statements in the period in which the adjustments are made.

Although we believe that our historical tax positions are sound and consistent with applicable laws, regulations and existing precedent, there can be no assurance that our tax positions will not be challenged by relevant tax authorities or that we would be successful in any such challenge. Additionally, we operate in multiple income tax jurisdictions and must determine the appropriate allocation of income to each of these jurisdictions based on current interpretations of complex income tax regulations. Income tax audits associated with the allocation of income and other complex issues may result in significant income tax adjustments that could negatively impact our future operating results.

18

ITEM 1B.
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS – NONE

ITEM 2.
PROPERTIES

Principal Manufacturing, Distribution and Administrative locations

Location

  Approximate 
Square

Feet
   

Operations

  

Ownership

Lansing, Michigan

   300,000   Corporate, Food Safety, Animal Safety  Owned

Lexington, Kentucky

   210,000   Animal Safety  Owned

Kenansville, North Carolina

   33,500   Animal Safety  Leased, expires 3/20192021

St Joseph, Michigan

   7,000   Animal Safety  Leased, expires 5/20192021

Randolph, Wisconsin

   137,000   Animal Safety  Owned

Pleasantville, Iowa

   59,000   Animal Safety  Leased, expires 12/20182020

Lincoln, Nebraska

   41,000   Animal Safety  Owned

Memphis, Tennessee

   66,100   Animal Safety  Owned

Turlock, California

   29,500   Animal Safety  Leased, expires 9/2022

Guelph, Ontario,

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

   7004,800   Animal Safety  Leased, expires 7/2019Owned

Ayr, Scotland, United Kingdom

   74,000   Food Safety  Owned

Heywood, England, United Kingdom

   24,80026,800   Food Safety  Owned

Rochdale, England, United Kingdom

   60,000   Food Safety  Owned

Liverpool, England, United Kingdom
4,000Food SafetyLeased, expires 12/2025
Milan, Italy
1,000Food SafetyLeased, expires 12/2020
Indaiatuba, Brazil

   6,800   Food Safety  Leased, expires 5/2021

Aracatuba,

Pindamonhangaba, Brazil

   2,000Food SafetyLeased, month to month

Pindamonhangaba, Brazil

55,30076,000   Food Safety  Owned

Naucalpan, Mexico

   27,000   Food Safety  Leased, expires 10/20182021

Shanghai, China

Buenos Aires, Argentina
   4,9002,200   Food Safety  Leased, expires 4/20198/2020

Beijing, China

Ciudad de la Costa, Uruguay
   1,100900   Food Safety  Leased, expires 12/201810/2020

Santiago, Chile
2,700Food SafetyLeased, expires 3/2022
Shanghai, China
7,900Food SafetyLeased, expires 10/2021
Kochi, India

   5,500   Food Safety  Leased, expires 4/20192021

Gatton, Australia

   4,600   Animal Safety  Leased, expires 1/2023

Our corporate headquarters are located in Lansing, Michigan, with administrative, sales, manufacturing and warehousing in other locations domestically and globally. These properties are in good condition, well-maintained, and generally suitable and adequate to support our business.

For those leases expiring within the next 12 months, we believe that we will be able to negotiate agreements to extend such leases on similar terms.

19

ITEM 3.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Neogen is subject to certain legal proceedings in the normal course of business that, in the opinion of management, should not have a material effect on our future results of operations or financial position.

ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES — NOT APPLICABLE

PART II

ITEM 5.
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

MARKET INFORMATION:

Market Information
Neogen Common Stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “NEOG”. The following table sets forth, for the fiscal periods indicated, the high and low sales prices for the Common Stock as reported on the NASDAQ Stock Market.

   High   Low 

Year ended May 31, 2018

    

First Quarter

  $52.28   $48.30 

Second Quarter

  $63.25   $51.85 

Third Quarter

  $62.86   $54.64 

Fourth Quarter

  $76.13   $58.78 

Year ended May 31, 2017

    

First Quarter

  $44.76   $38.00 

Second Quarter

  $47.47   $38.40 

Third Quarter

  $50.92   $46.20 

Fourth Quarter

  $51.43   $44.76 

Neogen declared a4-for-3 stock split effective on December 29, 2017. All share prices above have been adjusted as if the split had been in effect at the beginning of the periods presented.

HOLDERS:

NEOG.

Holders
As of June 30, 2018,2020, there were approximately 266245 stockholders of record of Common Stock and management believes there are a total of approximately 12,00010,000 beneficial holders.

DIVIDENDS:

Dividends
Neogen has never paid cash dividends on its Common Stock and does not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

20

The graph below matches Neogen Corporation’s cumulative
5-Year
total shareholder return on common stock with the cumulative total returns of the NASDAQ Composite index and the NASDAQ Medical Equipment index. The graph tracks the performance of a $100 investment in our common stock and in each index (with the reinvestment of all dividends) from 5/31/20132015 to 5/31/2018.

LOGO

   5/13   5/14   5/15   5/16   5/17   5/18 

Neogen Corporation

   100.00    104.07    128.71    135.96    174.29    277.99 

NASDAQ Composite

   100.00    125.98    151.80    150.04    189.31    228.19 

NASDAQ Medical Equipment

   100.00    105.43    134.12    140.40    184.56    258.15 

2020.

   
5/15
   
5/16
   
5/17
   
5/18
   
5/19
   
5/20
 
Neogen Corporation
  
 
100.00
 
  
 
105.63
 
  
 
135.41
 
  
 
215.97
 
  
 
160.75
 
  
 
203.17
 
NASDAQ Composite
  
 
100.00
 
  
 
98.82
 
  
 
125.26
 
  
 
152.00
 
  
 
153.87
 
  
 
197.98
 
NASDAQ Medical Equipment
  
 
100.00
 
  
 
105.80
 
  
 
140.72
 
  
 
197.84
 
  
 
194.22
 
  
 
235.57
 
The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

In December 2008, our Board of Directors authorized a program to purchase, subject to market conditions, up to 1,500,000 shares of our common stock. As of May 31, 2018, 149,368 cumulative shares have been purchased in negotiated and open market transactions for a total price, including commissions, of approximately $923,000. There were no purchases in fiscal years 2018, 2017 or 2016. Shares purchased under the program were retired.

21

ITEM 6.
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables set forth selected consolidated financial data of Neogen for the year ended May 31, 2018,2020, and each of the four preceding fiscal years. The selected consolidated financial data presented below have been derived from our consolidated financial statements. This financial data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Form
10-K.

   Years Ended May 31 
(in thousands, except per share data)  2018  2017  2016  2015  2014 

Income Statement Data:

      

Food Safety Revenues

  $196,047  $171,325  $146,421  $131,479  $116,290 

Animal Safety Revenues

   206,205   190,269   174,854   151,595   131,115 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total Revenues

   402,252   361,594   321,275   283,074   247,405 

Total Cost of Revenues

   212,000   189,626   168,211   143,389   124,807 

Sales and Marketing

   70,909   62,424   57,599   51,757   46,432 

General and Administrative

   38,294   34,214   29,189   25,233   24,449 

Research and Development

   10,855   10,385   9,890   9,577   8,326 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating Income

   70,194   64,945   56,386   53,118   43,391 

Other Income (Expense)

   3,271   1,728   (873  (1,042  (360
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income Before Income Taxes

   73,465   66,673   55,513   52,076   43,031 

Provision for Income Taxes

   10,250   22,700   18,975   18,500   15,000 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net Income

   63,215   43,973   36,538   33,576   28,031 

Net (Income) Loss Attributable toNon-Controlling Interest

   (70  (180  26   (50  127 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net Income Attributable to Neogen

  $63,145  $43,793  $36,564  $33,526  $28,158 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net Income per Share (basic) (1)

  $1.23  $0.87  $0.73  $0.68  $0.58 

Net Income per Share (diluted) (1)

  $1.21  $0.86  $0.72  $0.67  $0.57 

Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (diluted) (1)

   52,149   51,165   50,500   49,926   49,689 
   2018  2017  2016  2015  2014 

Balance Sheet Data:

      

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

  $210,810  $143,635  $107,796  $114,164  $76,496 

Working Capital (2)

   337,101   256,959   219,628   205,739   163,779 

Total Assets

   618,009   528,409   449,940   392,181   345,301 

Long-Term Debt

   —     —     —     —     —   

Total Equity

   560,175   471,757   404,161   350,963   306,300 

   
Year Ended May 31
 
   
2020
   
2019
   
2018
  
2017
  
2016
 
(in thousands, except per share data)
                  
Income Statement Data:
        
Food Safety Revenues
  $212,691   $213,474   $194,477  $170,034  $145,057 
Animal Safety Revenues
   205,479    200,712    203,453   188,243   172,172 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total Revenues
   418,170    414,186    397,930   358,277   317,229 
Total Cost of Revenues
   221,891    222,266    211,658   189,353   167,898 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Gross Margin
   196,279    191,920    186,272   168,924   149,331 
Sales and Marketing
   69,675    70,230    66,929   59,380   53,866 
General and Administrative
   44,331    40,791    38,294   34,214   29,189 
Research and Development
   14,750    12,805    10,855   10,385   9,890 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Operating Income
   67,523    68,094    70,194   64,945   56,386 
Other Income (Expense)
   4,782    4,865    3,271   1,728   (873
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Income Before Income Taxes
   72,305    72,959    73,465   66,673   55,513 
Provision for Income Taxes
   12,830    12,783    10,250   22,700   18,975 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Net Income
   59,475    60,176    63,215   43,973   36,538 
Net (Income) Loss Attributable to
Non-controlling
Interest
   —      —      (70  (180  26 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Net Income Attributable to Neogen
  $59,475   $60,176   $63,145  $43,793  $36,564 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Net Income per Share (basic) (1)
  $1.13   $1.16   $1.23  $0.87  $0.73 
Net Income per Share (diluted) (1)
  $1.13   $1.15   $1.21  $0.86  $0.72 
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (diluted) (1)
   52,860    52,425    52,149   51,165   50,500 
   
Year Ended May 31
 
   
2020
   
2019
   
2018
  
2017
  
2016
 
Balance Sheet Data:
        
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities
  $343,673   $267,524   $210,810  $143,635  $107,796 
Working Capital (2)
   488,917    411,278    337,101   256,959   219,628 
Total Assets
   797,182    695,740    618,009   528,409   449,940 
Long-Term Debt
   —      —      —     —     —   
Total Equity
   725,177    637,899    560,175   471,757   404,161 
(1)
On December 29, 2017, the Company effected a
4-for-3
stock split whereby stockholdersshareholders of record on December 18, 2017 received a dividend of one additional share of stock for each three shares held. All share and per share amounts in this Form
10-K
have been adjusted to reflect the stock split as if it had taken place at the beginning of the period presented.

(2)
Defined as current assets less current liabilities.

22

ITEM 7.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The informationfollowing discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains both historical financial information and forward-looking statements. Neogen’s management does not provide forecasts of future financial performance. While we are optimistic about our long-term prospects, historical financial information may not be indicative of our future financial results.

Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “expects,” “seeks,” “estimates,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. There are a number of important factors, including competition, recruitment and dependenceAnnual Report on key employees, impact of weather on agriculture and food production, identification and integration of acquisitions, research and development risks, patent and trade secret protection, government regulation and other risks detailed in Item 1A. RISK FACTORS in this Form 10-K and from time to time in the Company’s reports on file at the Securities and Exchange Commission, that could cause Neogen Corporation’s results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, including those detailed in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

10-K.
In addition, any forward-looking statements represent management’s views only as of the day this Form
10-K
was first filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and should not be relied upon as representing management’s views as of any subsequent date. While we may elect to update forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we specifically disclaim any obligation to do so, even if our views change.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on the consolidated financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires that management make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates the estimates, including but not limited to, those related to receivable allowances, inventories and intangible assets. These estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Though the impact of the
COVID-19
pandemic to our business and operating results presents additional uncertainty, we continue to use the best information available to inform our critical accounting estimates. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

The following critical accounting policies reflect
policy reflects
management’s more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue from products and services is recognized when the product has been shipped or the service performed, the sales price is fixed and determinable, and collection of any receivable is probable. To the extent that customer payment has been received before all recognition criteria are met, these revenues are initially deferred and later recognized in the period that all recognition criteria have been met. Customer credits for sales returns, pricing and other disputes, and other related matters (including volume rebates offered to certain distributors as marketing support) represent approximately 3% of reported net revenue for each period presented.

Accounts Receivable Allowance

Management attempts to minimize credit risk by reviewing customers’ credit history before extending credit and by monitoring credit exposure on a regular basis. An allowance for doubtful accounts receivable is established based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends and other information. Collateral or other security is generally not required for accounts receivable. Once a receivable balance has been determined to be uncollectible, that amount is charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Inventory

A reserve for obsolete and slow-moving inventory has been established and is reviewed at least quarterly based on an analysis of the inventory, considering the current condition of the asset as well as other known facts and future plans. The reserve required to record inventory at lower of cost or net realizable value may be adjusted as conditions change. Product obsolescence may be caused by shelf-life expiration, discontinuance of a product line, replacement products in the marketplace or other competitive situations.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of tangible net assets of acquired businesses after amounts are allocated to other identifiable intangible assets. Other intangible assets include customer relationships, trademarks, licenses, trade names, covenantsnot-to-compete and patents. Customer-based intangibles are amortized on either an accelerated or straight-line basis, reflecting the pattern in which the economic benefits are consumed, while all other amortizable intangibles are amortized on a straight-line basis; intangibles are generally amortized over 5 to 25 years. We review the carrying amounts of goodwill and othernon-amortizable intangible assets annually, or when indications of impairment exist, to determine if such assets may be impaired by performing a quantitative assessment. If the carrying amounts of these assets are deemed to be less than fair value based upon a discounted cash flow analysis and comparison to comparable EBITDA multiples of peer companies, such assets are reduced to their estimated fair value and a charge is made to operations.

Long-lived Assets

Management reviews the carrying values of its long-lived assets to be held and used, including definite-lived intangible assets, for possible impairment whenever events or changes in business conditions warrant such a review. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired when the anticipated separately identifiable undiscounted cash flows over the remaining useful life of the asset indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. In such an event, fair value is determined using discounted cash flows and, if lower than the carrying value, impairment is recognized through a charge to operations.

Equity Compensation Plans

Share options awarded to employees and shares of stock awarded to employees under certain stock purchase plans are recognized as compensation expense based on their fair value at grant date. The fair market value of options granted under our stock option plans was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with assumptions for inputs such as interest rates, expected dividends, volatility measures and specific employee exercise behavior patterns based on statistical data. Some of the inputs used are not market-observable and have to be estimated or derived from available data. Use of different estimates would produce different option values, which in turn would result in higher or lower compensation expense recognized.

To value options, several recognized valuation models exist. None of these models can be singled out as being the best or most correct one. The model applied by us can handle most of the specific features included in the options granted, which is the reason for its use. If a different model were used, the option values could differ despite using the same inputs. Accordingly, using different assumptions coupled with using a different valuation model could have a significant impact on the fair value of employee stock options. Fair value could be either higher or lower than the number provided by the model applied and the inputs used. Further information on our equity compensation plans, including inputs used to determine the fair value of options, is disclosed in Notes 1 and 5 to the consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and for tax credit carryforwards and are measured using the enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred income tax expense represents the change in net deferred income tax assets and liabilities during the year.

The determination of income subject to income tax in each tax paying jurisdiction requires us to apply transfer pricing guidelines for certain intercompany transactions.

Our wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries are comprised of Neogen Europe, Lab M Holdings,Ltd, Quat-Chem Ltd, Abtek (Biologicals) Ltd, Neogen Italia S.r.l., Neogen do Brasil, Deoxi Biotecnologia Ltda, Rogama Industria e Comercio Ltda, Acumedia do Brasil, Neogen Latinoamérica, Productos Quimicos Magiar S.A., Neogen Uruguay, Neogen Chile SpA, Neogen
Bio-Scientific
Technology Co (Shanghai), Neogen Food and Animal Security (India), Neogen Canada, and Neogen Australasia Pty Limited. Based on historical experience, as well as our future plans, earnings from these subsidiaries are expected to be
re-invested
indefinitely for future expansion and working capital needs. Furthermore, our domestic operations have historically produced sufficient operating cash flow to mitigate the need to remit foreign earnings. On an annual basis, we evaluate the current business environment and whether any new events or other external changes might require a
re-evaluation
of the decision to indefinitely
re-invest
foreign earnings. At May 31, 2018, unremittedIt is not practicable to determine the income tax liability that would be payable if such earnings of our foreign subsidiaries were $43,784,000.

not reinvested indefinitely.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the(U.S. Tax Act) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include a federal corporate tax rate reduced from 35% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system, and a
one-time
transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118) was issuedThe U. S. Tax Act also includes a provision to address the application of U.S. GAAP to situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain tax global intangible
low-taxed
income tax effects of the Tax Act. In accordance with SAB 118, we have determined that the $6.0 million of deferred tax benefit recorded in connection with the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities and the $1.2 million of current tax expense recorded in connection with the transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation(GILTI) of foreign earnings wassubsidiaries and a provisional amount at May 31,deduction for foreign derived intangible income (FDII), both of which became effective for us beginning June 1, 2018. Any subsequent adjustmentSee Note 6 to these amounts will be recorded to current tax expense in the quarter of 2019 when anyconsolidated financial statements for further analysis of our deferred tax assets and liabilities and our historical foreign earnings is completed. We expect to complete our detailed analysis during fiscal 2019.

information.

23

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Executive Overview

Consolidated revenues were $402.3$418.2 million in fiscal 2018,2020, an increase of 11%1.0% compared to $361.6$414.2 million in fiscal 2017.2019. Organic sales overall increased 8%.0.2% compared to the prior year.

Food Safety segment sales were $196.0$212.7 million in fiscal 2018,2020 compared to $213.5 million in fiscal 2019, a decrease of $800,000, or 0.4%. Organic sales decreased 1.3%, while the Clarus Labs (August 2018) acquisition, the purchase of four former distributors and a small manufacturer (Abtek) completed during the year, contributed $2.0 million in revenues.
Animal Safety segment sales were $205.5 million in fiscal 2020, an increase of 14%2.4% compared to $171.3$200.7 million in fiscal 2017.2019. Organic sales increased 9%rose 1.9%, with the acquisitions of Quat-ChemLivestock Genetic Services (September 2018), Delta Genomics (January 2019) and Rogama, both in December 2016,Cell BioSciences (March 2020) contributing the remainder of the growth.

Animal Safety segment sales were $206.2 million in fiscal 2018, an increase of 8% compared to $190.3 million in fiscal 2017. Organic sales increased 7%, with the September 2017 acquisition of Neogen Australasia contributing the remainder of the growth.

International sales were 37.6%39.4% of total sales in fiscal 20182020 compared to 35.8%40.1% of total sales in fiscal 2017.2019.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act), which included a reduction in the U.S. federal statutory
Our effective tax rate from 35% to 21% and a transition to a modified territorial system. As a result of the enactment of the Tax Act, we recorded a gain of $6.0 million related to the revaluation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and a charge of $1.2 million related to a transition tax on unrepatriated earnings at our international operationswas 17.7% in fiscal 2018. The net gain2020 compared to an effective tax rate of $4.8 million resulted in a $0.09 increase to diluted earnings per share.

Results for fiscal 2018 also reflect a benefit of $4.8 million to our provision for income taxes for share-based payment awards resulting from the current year adoption of ASUNo. 2016-09, “Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting”. This benefit contributed $0.09 to diluted earnings per share17.5% in fiscal 2018.2019.

Net income was $63.1$59.5 million, or $1.21$1.13 per diluted share, an increasea decrease of 44%1% compared to $43.8$60.2 million, or $0.86$1.15 per share, in the prior year.

Cash generated from operating activities in fiscal 20182020 was $69.1$85.9 million, compared to $60.3$63.8 million in fiscal 2017.2019.

Neogen’s results reflect a 17% increase in international salesrevenues were $164.7 million in fiscal 20182020, compared to $165.9 million in fiscal 2019. Currency translation had a negative impact during the year. In a neutral currency environment, revenues would have been approximately $6.0 million higher on a comparative basis in fiscal 2020, as the U.S. dollar (USD) strengthened against all the currencies in the countries in which we conduct business. As financial markets reacted to the global impact of the
COVID-19
pandemic, currency translations negatively impacted comparative revenues by $3.5 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020. This was primarily due to devaluation of the Brazilian real and the Mexican peso, which were 25% and 18% lower on average, respectively, compared to the prior year. fourth quarter of fiscal 2019.
We continue to focus on increasing our presence and market share throughout the world, while also integrating our recent international acquisitions into our overall geographic and product portfolio. Sales increasesresults for fiscal 20182020 compared to the prior year are as follows for each of our international locations:

   Revenue
% Increase
USD
  Revenue
% Increase
Local Currency
 

Neogen Europe (including Lab M & Quat-Chem)

   23  16

Neogen do Brasil (including Deoxi & Rogama)

   54  56

Neogen Latinoamerica

   13  9

Neogen China

   18  14

Neogen India

   18  14

Currency translation had a positive impact of approximately $3.7 million on revenues recorded

   
Revenue
   
Revenue
 
   
% Increase
   
% Increase
 
   
USD
   
Local Currency
 
Neogen Europe (including Lab M, Quat-Chem & Abtek)
   5%    8% 
Neogen do Brasil (including Rogama)
   (10)%    0% 
Neogen Latinoamerica
   6%    11% 
Neogen China
   22%    26% 
Neogen India
   3%    5% 
Neogen Australasia
   18%    26% 
Neogen Canada
   70%    72% 
The revenue increase in foreign currencies during fiscal 2018. AtU.S. dollars at Neogen Europe was led by a 31% increase in genomics revenues and a 29%14% increase in sales of disinfectant and veterinary products, primarily due to
COVID-19
related sales of hand sanitizer and disinfectant in the U.K. Sales of genomics services rose 7% in fiscal 2020, on strength to the bovine market. Sales of culture media manufactured at Lab M offset an 8% decrease in natural toxin test kitproducts increased 5% for the year. Partially offsetting this growth, were lower sales as last year’sof deoxynivalenol (DON) test kits into France and Germany, due to an outbreak in corn crops in western Europefiscal 2019, which did not repeatrecur in the current year. The organic revenue increase
Revenues in Brazil wasdeclined 10% in USD in fiscal 2020, in large part due to the devaluation of the Brazilian real relative to the U.S. dollar during the year. Sales of our forensic drug test kits, used to test for the presence of prohibited drugs in commercial truck drivers in that country, declined 86%, as a large commercial laboratory switched to an
alternative testing
method in the first quarter of the year. Genomics revenues in Brazil declined 26% during the year, primarily due to a large Rogama sale to aproject testing cattle for the Brazilian government health organization that willin the prior fiscal year which did not recur in fiscal 2019.2020,
24

as well as delays in receiving samples in the fourth quarter due to
COVID-19.
Partially offsetting that decline was strong growth in sales of natural toxins test kits, as we continued to gain significant business from customers testing for the presence of aflatoxin in corn and DON in grains.
Neogen Latinoamerica grew revenues by 6% in USD, with strong growth in sales of diagnostic test kits, which offset lower sales of cleaners, disinfectants and rodenticides in Mexico and Central America due to weakness in the distribution channels in those markets. Growth in China was the result of strong sales of cleaners and disinfectants, including Neogen Viroxide Super, into the porcine market, due to demand resulting from the Asian swine flu and
COVID-19
outbreak in that country. Revenue growth in India was 3% for the year but decreased 16% during the fourth quarter compared to the prior year, as the country’s economic activity was greatly reduced in that period due to
COVID-19.
Neogen Australasia’s growth was led by a 21% gain in genomics revenue to the sheep market and growth in traditional animal safety products for the year, while strong genomics sales in beef and poultry markets in Canada drove their 70% revenue increase, albeit off a small base.
Service revenue, which consists primarily of genomics services to animal protein and companion animal markets, was $82.6 million in fiscal 2020, an increase of 11% over prior fiscal year sales of $74.7 million. The growth was led by increases in sample volumes from the global commercial beef, sheep and companion animal markets, while porcine and poultry sales were fairly flat.
REVENUES
   
Year Ended
 
       
Increase/
       
Increase/
     
(dollars in thousands)
  
May 31, 2020
   
(Decrease)
   
May 31, 2019
   
(Decrease)
   
May 31, 2018
 
Food Safety:
          
Natural Toxins, Allergens & Drug Residues
  $76,207    (3)%   $78,373    7%   $72,962 
Bacterial & General Sanitation
   41,780    (0)%    41,966    10%    38,156 
Culture Media & Other
   47,847    (4)%    49,857    13%    44,271 
Rodenticides, Insecticides & Disinfectants
   28,890    13%    25,584    7%    23,821 
Genomics Services
   17,967    2%    17,694    16%    15,267 
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
 
   212,691    (0)%    213,474    10%    194,477 
Animal Safety:
          
Life Sciences
   6,322    (20)%    7,858    (25)%    10,411 
Veterinary Instruments & Disposables
   42,941    (4)%    44,582    (7)%    47,749 
Animal Care & Other
   28,389    (5)%    29,941    (3)%    30,930 
Rodenticides, Insecticides & Disinfectants
   68,815    4%    66,389    (2)%    67,646 
Genomics Services
   59,012    14%    51,942    11%    46,717 
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
 
   205,479    2%    200,712    (1)%    203,453 
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
 
Total Revenue
  $418,170    1%   $414,186    4%   $397,930 
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
 
Year Ended May 31, 2020 Compared to Year Ended May 31, 2019
Food Safety:
The
COVID-19
pandemic in the second half of fiscal 2020 resulted in difficult operating conditions in many of our key market segments. Shelter in place orders across the U.S. and in a number of our international markets, the closure or reduced output of businesses due to quarantine, disruption in the supply chain resulting from reduction in
end-market
demand, and the inability of some markets to react quickly to these changes, each adversely impacted our revenues.
Natural Toxins, Allergens
 & Drug Residues –
Sales in this category were 3% lower in fiscal 2020 compared to the prior year, driven by a 30% decline in sales of drug residues test kits, due to lower demand from a large distributor in Europe. In January 2020, we ended our exclusive
25

relationship with this distributor and have begun marketing these products directly into the European market. Partially offsetting the decrease in drug residue testing, the natural toxins and allergens product lines each increased 4% for the year. The natural toxin increase was due to continued new business earned in Brazil for aflatoxin and DON test kits, partially offset by lower sales of DON test kits in the U.S. and France, the result of mild outbreaks in the prior year which did not recur in fiscal 2020. The allergen test kit increase was primarily the result of strong gliadin, milk and coconut allergen test kit sales in the U.S. market, although fourth quarter sales declined 7% due to lower business with customers supplying restaurants and other food service organizations, which were adversely impacted by
COVID-19.
Bacterial
 & General Sanitation –
Sales in this category were essentially flat in fiscal 2020 compared to the prior year. Sales of test kits to detect aflatoxin alsopathogens decreased 2%, as lower sales of ANSR equipment were only partially offset by increases from our
Listeria
Right Now test kit, which grew 24% in fiscal 2020. Sales of our AccuPoint sanitation monitoring product line increased over 200%6%, on gains in both readers and samplers. Sales of products to detect spoilage organisms in foods decreased 7% in fiscal 2020 on reduced sales of readers and consumable vials during the year, resulting from lower market demand and customer losses.
Culture Media
 & Other –
Sales in this category decreased 4% in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. This category includes forensic drug test kits sold within Brazil, which declined significantly as a large commercial lab customer in that country moved to an alternative technology which provided higher throughput. Culture media revenues declined 5%, due to lower end market demand from several large customers in the U.S. Higher shipping revenues, which rose 12% for the year, and lower rebates offered to certain customers, both of which are reported in this category, partially offset the lower forensic and culture media revenues.
Rodenticides, Insecticides
 & Disinfectants –
Revenues of products in this category sold through our Food Safety operations increased 13% in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. This category was led by increases in sales of cleaners and disinfectants to customers in Europe, the Middle East and China, partially offset by a decrease in sales of rodenticides in Central America due to lower demand from a large distributor, and reduced demand of cleaners and disinfectants in India, due to a large order in 2019 which did not recur in fiscal 2020.
Genomics Services –
Sales of genomics services sold through our Food Safety operations increased 2% in fiscal 2020 compared to the prior year, primarily due to higher sales in the European bovine and equine markets. Partially offsetting this increase were lower revenues from our genomics operation in Brazil due to a research project with the Brazilian government from 2019 which did not recur in fiscal 2020.
Animal Safety:
A significant proportion of the Animal Safety products are marketed and sold through our veterinary distributor network; this channel has been soft in both fiscal years 2019 and 2020, as we gaineddifficult market conditions resulting from increased tariffs and political uncertainties in our agricultural and animal protein markets continued. The
COVID-19
pandemic in the second half of fiscal 2020 has exacerbated these market conditions; further, the market uncertainty resulting from
COVID-19
has caused our larger distributor partners to implement working capital improvement programs by lowering inventory levels which resulted in lower sales of many products in our animal health portfolio. Partially offsetting this weakness in the fourth quarter were higher sales of several of our cleaning and disinfecting products due to demand caused by the
COVID-19
pandemic.
Life Sciences –
Sales in this category decreased 20% in fiscal 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year, the result of lower forensic drug test kit sales to a large commercial lab in the U.S. serving the Brazilian market, a reduction in sales of products to the U.S. horse racing industry in the U.S. due to a decline in domestic racing activity, and the consolidation of several state laboratories.
Veterinary Instruments
 & Disposables –
Revenues in this category decreased 4% in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. Veterinary instruments sales were down 7% for the year, primarily the result of a 20% decline in needles and 3% decline in syringes, due to lower demand from our largest distributors. Partially offsetting these decreases, protective wear and consumables increased 24% for the year, on the strength of a $956,000 increase in gloves in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, the result of demand caused by the
COVID-19
pandemic.
Animal Care
 & Other –
Sales of these products decreased 5% in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. Antibiotics and injectable vitamin products were down 20% and 15%, respectively, due primarily to inventory destocking at distributors. Sales of our biologics product line, marketed primarily into the equine market, declined 17%, and our equine supplements were also down 20%, due to lower demand from end customers in this market. Sales of wound care products rose 9% to partially offset these losses.
Rodenticides, Insecticides
 & Disinfectants –
Sales in this category increased 4% in fiscal 2020, compared to the prior year. The increase was due primarily to a $2.6 million increase in sales of cleaners and disinfectants for the year, driven in large part by growth in hand sanitizers, disinfectants, and disinfecting wipes in the fourth quarter resulting from the
COVID-19
pandemic. Revenues for water disinfection in animal protein production environments rose 8% over fiscal 2019. Rodenticide sales increased 1% over the prior year, as strong growth in the retail market was almost entirely offset by lower sales to agricultural markets in the northwest U.S., due to lower rodent pressure. Insecticide revenues declined 2% for the year.
26

Genomics Services –
Sales in this category increased 14% in fiscal 2020, aided by the acquisition of Livestock Genetics (September 2018) and Delta Genomics (January 2019); organic growth in this category was 12%. Strong growth in the companion animal and commercial beef cattle markets was partially offset by revenue decreases in the U.S. commercial dairy market due to weak economic conditions in that market, resulting from a movement away from dairy milk towards alternative products.
Year Ended May 31, 2019 Compared to Year Ended May 31, 2018
Food Safety:
Natural Toxins, Allergens
 & Drug Residues –
Sales in this category increased 7% in fiscal 2019 compared to the prior year. For the natural toxins and allergens product lines, test kit sales increased 15% and 7%, respectively, for the year. The natural toxin increase was due to new business testingearned in Brazil for aflatoxin test kits, and higher sales of DON test kits in corn.the U.S. and France, the result of mild outbreaks. These increases were partially offset by a 39%5% decrease in sales of forensicdrug residues test kits, resulting from increased competition and customer losses caused by conversiondue to different testing methods.

Service revenue was $66.7 millionlower demand in fiscal 2018, an increase of 21% over prior fiscal year sales of $55.1 million, aided by the September 2017 acquisition of Neogen Australasia. The growth was led by increases in sales to the global beef and dairy cattle and companion animal markets, and increased testing volumes with a large poultry customer.    

REVENUES

   Year Ended 

(dollars in thousands)

  May 31, 2018   Increase/
(Decrease)
  May 31, 2017   Increase/
(Decrease)
  May 31, 2016 

Food Safety:

        

Natural Toxins, Allergens & Drug Residues

  $72,962    3 $70,926    12 $63,269 

Bacterial & General Sanitation

   38,155    10  34,706    2  33,899 

Culture Media & Other

   45,842    13  40,658    9  37,285 

Rodenticides, Insecticides & Disinfectants

   23,821    75  13,620    223  4,213 

Genomics Services

   15,267    34  11,415    47  7,755 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   196,047    14  171,325    17  146,421 

Animal Safety:

        

Life Sciences

   10,411    7  9,704    24  7,815 

Veterinary Instruments & Disposables

   47,748    15  41,693    (1)%   42,028 

Animal Care & Other

   32,719    11  29,495    (19)%   36,494 

Rodenticides, Insecticides & Disinfectants

   68,553    (2)%   69,825    31  53,490 

Genomics Services

   46,774    18  39,552    13  35,027 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   206,205    8  190,269    9  174,854 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Revenue

  $402,252    11 $361,594    13 $321,275 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Year Ended May 31, 2018 Compared to Year Ended May 31, 2017

Food Safety:

Natural Toxins, Allergens & Drug Residues –Sales in this category increased 3% in fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year. For the allergens and dairy drug residues product lines, test kit sales increased 12% and 13%, respectively, for the year. These increases were partially offset by a 26% decrease in sales of deoxynivalenol (DON) test kits, as prior year outbreaks of DON in corn crops in the U.S., Canada and Europe did not recur in fiscal 2018.

Europe.

Bacterial
 & General Sanitation –
Sales in this category increased 10% in fiscal 2018, led by strong sales of our AccuPoint sanitation monitoring product line which increased 18% on strength in both reader equipment and consumable supplies.2019 compared to the prior year. Sales of test kits to detect pathogens increased 16%24%, led by growth inas we continued to gain new business with our
Listeria products, including our newListeria
Right Now test kit that launched earlier in the fiscal year. Additionally, sales2018. Sales of our AccuPoint sanitation monitoring product line increased 11%, with samplers up 13%, as we increased our market share. Sales of products to detect spoilage organisms in processed foods increased 2%3%.

Culture Media
 & Other –
Sales in this category increased 13% in fiscal 20182019 compared to fiscal 2017.2018. Sales of Neogen Culture Media, formerly marketed as the Acumedia and Lab M brands, increased 19%7%, due to continued strengthaided in products manufactured at Lab Mpart by the August 2018 acquisition of Clarus Labs, which consists of the Colitag product and reports in the U.K. and a largenon-recurring orderculture media product line. Excluding new business from a U.S. customer.the acquisition, sales in the Neogen Culture Media product line increased 4%. This category also includes sales of forensic drug test kits sold through our Brazilian subsidiary,within Brazil, which decreased by 39%increased significantly as business shifted from labs in fiscal 2018. Demandthe U.S. in the prior year was extremely high, due(reported in the Animal Safety segment) to a new requirement for drug testing of commercial truck drivers, however, sales of these kitslabs in Brazil have decreasedand increased demand from commercial laboratories in the current year due to increased competition and customer losses caused by conversion to different testing methods.

that country.

Rodenticides, Insecticides
 & Disinfectants –Sales
Revenues of products in this category sold through our Food Safety operations increased 75%7% in fiscal 2018; excluding the December 2016 acquisitions2019. This category was led by increases in sales of Quat-Chemcleaners and Rogama, organic growth was 2%. The increase was primarilydisinfectants to customers in Europe, China and India, partially offset by lower sales of insecticides in Brazil due to a large sale at Rogama to a government health organization that willtender in fiscal 2018 which did not recur in fiscal 2019. Cleaner and disinfectants sold through Food Safety operations were negatively impacted by termination of a distribution agreement in January 2017, which resulted in a decline in sales for those distributed products of $859,000 in fiscal 2018.

Genomics Services –
Sales of genomics services sold through our Food Safety operations increased 34%16% in fiscal 20182019 compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to market share increases, particularlyhigher sales in the beefEuropean porcine and dairybovine markets. We also benefitted from a large,
non-recurring
research project with the Brazilian government, and the commercialization of a new service offering for a type of cattle markets, and incremental business with a large poultry producer, in Europe.

specific to the Brazilian market.

Animal Safety:

Life Sciences –
Sales in this category increased 7%decreased 25% in fiscal 20182019 compared to fiscal 2017, due to increased volumesthe same period in the prior year, as approximately $2.4 million of forensic drug test kits soldkit revenues shifted to our operations in Brazil, which are reported in the Food Safety segment. This testing was performed by commercial labs in the U.S.

in the prior fiscal year, but has since moved to commercial labs located in Brazil.

Veterinary Instruments
 & Disposables –
Revenues in this category increased 15%decreased 7% in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018. Protective wear and consumables decreased 17%, resulting from poor economic conditions in the commercial dairy production market. Veterinary instruments sales were down 4% for the year, however, this product line had a very strong increase in fiscal 2018, ledwith sales up 23% in that period compared to the prior year. A 19% decline in detectable needles was partially offset by strong increases in disposable syringes and aluminum and poly hub needles.
Animal Care
 & Other –
Sales of these products decreased 3% in fiscal 2019. Wound care and injectable vitamin products were down 13% and 6%, respectively, due to inventory destocking at distributors; dairy supplies that we distribute were down 5%, due to poor economic conditions in the commercial dairy production market. Additionally, we spent more on promotional programs and rebates with distributors, which are recorded as contra revenues within this category, in fiscal 2019 than in the prior year. Partially offsetting these losses were a 20%12% increase in sales of syringes, as we gained newour biologics product line and a 7% increase in supplements and other care products, both due to increased demand from end customers in the retailcompanion animal and custom solutionsequine markets. Sales of our patented detectable needles increased 23%, aided by strong sales to customers in Europe, including Russia.

Animal Care & Other –Sales of these products increased 11% in fiscal 2018, due to higher sales of PanaKare, our pancreatic replacement therapy, which benefitted from competitor backorders in fiscal 2018. Additionally, results from fiscal 2017 included sales credits totaling $1.1 million in the first quarter as we removed our canine thyroid product from the market, after the FDA approved a new drug application for a competitive product.

27

Rodenticides, Insecticides
 & Disinfectants –
Sales in this category decreased 2% in fiscal 2018,2019, compared to the same period in the prior year. The January 2017 terminationdecrease was due primarily to the full year impact of a distribution agreement with a manufacturertoll manufacturing business lost in the third quarter of cleaners and disinfectants resulted in lostfiscal year 2018. Additionally, rodenticide sales of those distributed products totaling $4.7 million within this category. Partially offsetting this loss, sales of rodenticides increased 11%declined due to poor weather conditions causing lower demand and a weak U.S. animal protein market share gains in the U.S.

partially caused by tariff issues.

Genomics Services –
Sales in this category increased 18%11% in fiscal 2018; excluding2019, aided by the September 2017 acquisition of Neogen Australasia (September 2017), Livestock Genetics (September 2018) and Delta Genomics (January 2019); organic growth in this category was 11%7%. TheStrong growth was led by increases in sales to the global beef and dairy cattle and companion animal markets and higher volumes from a large poultry customer.

Year Ended May 31, 2017 Compared to Year Ended May 31, 2016

Food Safety:

Overall Food Safety segment revenues in fiscal 2017 were $171.3 million compared to $146.4 million in fiscal 2016, an increase of 17%. Organic growth for the segment was 9%, with the acquisitions of Lab M (August 2015), Deoxi (April 2016), Quat-Chem (December 2016) and Rogama (December 2016) contributing the remainder of the growth. Adverse currency conditions, resulting from strength of the U.S. dollar, reduced overall growth and organic growth within the segment for the comparative period. In a neutral currency environment, overall Food Safety growth for the year was 22% and organic growth was 14%.

Natural Toxins, Allergens & Drug Residues –Sales in this category increased 12% to $70.9 million in fiscal 2017. Within this category, sales of natural toxin test kits increased 19%, led by sales of test kits and related equipment to detect deoxynivalenol (DON), due to outbreaks of DON in corn crops in the Midwest U.S., Canada and western Europe. Allergen test kit revenues rose 16% for the year, as increases in product recalls relating to allergenic contamination of food continued to expand the market. The largest increases in this product line were test kits to detect milk, gliadin, tree nuts, hazelnut and peanut contamination. Partially offsetting these increases, sales of test kits to detect drug residues were down 4%, due primarily to market losses in Europe caused by delays in the launch of new products, and, to a lesser extent, currency translations, as this product is sold in euros, which declined 2% against the dollar in fiscal 2017.

Bacterial & General Sanitation –Revenues of these products rose 2%, compared to the prior fiscal year, led by a 4% increase in sales of our line of automated equipment and consumable vials to detect spoilage microorganisms (e.g. yeast and mold), and an 11% increase in sales ofSalmonella test kits for the year as we gained market share with our ANSR product line. These increases were partially offset by revenue decreases in U.S. poultry and porcine markets, despite increases in sample volumes, resulting from a shift to lower salespriced chips and services. Additionally, poor economic conditions in the U.S. commercial dairy production market resulted in lower revenues from that market.

COST OF REVENUES
(dollars in thousands)
  
2020
   
Increase
  
2019
   
Increase
  
2018
 
Cost of Revenues
  $221,891    0 $222,266    5 $211,658 
Cost of a distributed product thatrevenues was discontinuedessentially flat in fiscal 2017. Our line of AccuPoint readers and samplers to monitor environmental sanitation rose 4% for the year, with samplers increasing 7%, while equipment was flat2020 compared to fiscal 2016.

Culture Media & Other –Sales in this category increased 9%2019 and rose 5% in fiscal 2017, aided in part by the acquisition of Lab M; organic sales in this category increased 6%. Within this category, there was a significant increase in sales of forensic test kits through our Brazilian subsidiary. Demand for these kits from commercial labs located in Brazil increased dramatically due to a new requirement for drug testing of commercial truck drivers. Partially offsetting this increase was an 11% decrease in sales of our Acumedia line of dehydrated culture media sold into traditional domestic markets; the first half of fiscal 2016 had strong sales resulting from a research project, which did not recur.

Rodenticides, Insecticides & Disinfectants –Sales ofrodenticides, insecticides and disinfectants into our Food Safety segment increased 223%, almost entirely due to the acquisitions of Rogama (Brazil), which reports through Neogen do Brasil, and Quat-Chem (U.K.), which reports through Neogen Europe; each was purchased in December 2016. Excluding these acquisitions, growth in this category was 3%, primarily from rodenticide and disinfectant sales into Mexico and Central America by our Mexican subsidiary.

Genomics Services –Genomics revenues sold through the Food Safety segment increased 47%, primarily due to strong demand of genomics testing in Europe and expanded capabilities at our operation in Ayr, Scotland to better serve the growing European market; the Deoxi acquisition in April 2016 also contributed to the growth.

Animal Safety:

Revenues for the Company’s Animal Safety segment were $190.3 million in fiscal 2017, an increase of 9% compared to prior year revenues of $174.9 million. The revenue growth resulted from the acquisitions of Virbac (December 2015) and Preserve (May 2016). In the first quarter of fiscal 2017, we lost the ability to sell our popular canine thyroid replacement product after the FDA approved a new drug application for a competitor, which gave the competitor exclusive marketing rights to the product. We will be unable to sell this product, which had sales of $6.2 million in fiscal 2016, in the U.S. until similar regulatory approval is granted. Additionally, in January 2017, our agreement with a manufacturer to distribute certain cleaners and disinfectants was canceled, resulting in the loss of $1.3 million of sales in the 4th quarter of fiscal 2017. Excluding these products, this segment had overall organic growth of 5% for the year. Currency translations had minimal effect on revenues in this segment.

Life Sciences –Sales in this category increased 24% in fiscal 2017, compared to the prior year. This growth was primarily due to increased volume to U.S. commercial labs to meet new requirements for drug testing of commercial truck drivers in Brazil.

Veterinary Instruments & Disposables –Revenues in this category decreased 1%, the result of lower sales of disposable syringes, which had increased sales in the prior year due to a competitor’s backorder situation, and marking products. Partially offsetting this were gains in the sales of our proprietary detectable needles and durable speed syringes, with both gains due to strong demand from customers.

Animal Care & Other –Sales in this category decreased 19% due to the loss of our ability to sell our popular thyroid replacement product, mentioned above. Partially offsetting this was an increase in revenues for vitamin injectable products due to increased market share and price increases.

Rodenticides, Insecticides & Disinfectants –Sales in this category increased 31% in fiscal 2017, due to the acquisitions of Virbac (December 2015) and Preserve (May 2016); organic sales in this category were flat. The Preserve acquisition added $15.5 million of revenue in fiscal 2017, primarily to the domestic swine, poultry, dairy and food processing markets. Rodenticide sales increased 1% with strong sales in the custom solutions, retail and distribution markets offset by lower sales in the northwest U.S. after the prior year rodent outbreak subsided. Cleaners and disinfectant sales were 8% lower on an organic basis, due to the early termination of a distribution agreement for certain cleaners and disinfectants in the second half of the fiscal year.

Genomics Services –Genomics Services revenues reported within the Animal Safety segment increased 13% in fiscal 2017,2019 compared to fiscal 2016. The increase was primarily due to increased market share in the beef and dairy markets from new product offerings and focused sales efforts in these markets; also contributing to the increase was expanded business with a large customer in the poultry market.

COST OF REVENUES

(dollars in thousands)

  2018   Increase  2017   Increase  2016 

Cost of Revenues

  $212,000    12 $189,626    13 $168,211 

Cost of revenues increased 12% in fiscal 2018 and 13% in fiscal 2017 in comparison with the prior years.2018. This compares with revenue

increases of 11%1% in fiscal 20182020 and 13%4% in fiscal 2017.2019. Expressed as a percentage of sales, cost of revenues was 52.7%53.1%, 52.4%53.7% and 53.2% in fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Gross margins were 46.9%, 46.3%, and 46.8% for fiscal years 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

Fiscal 2020
– Our overall gross margin improved 60 basis points in fiscal 2020, primarily from improved gross margin in the Animal Safety segment and improved efficiencies, resulting from a focus on
manufacturing
cost reductions. These efforts resulted in a slight decrease in cost of revenues compared to the prior fiscal year.
Fiscal 2019
– Both Food Safety and Animal Safety margins decreased in fiscal 2019, primarily due to a product mix shift towards lower margin products within each segment, and to a lesser extent, the strength of the U.S. dollar, which rose against all of the currencies in the countries in which we operate, and resulted in higher cost of sales in our international operations, which pay for their inventory in U.S. dollars. A higher overall proportion of Food Safety revenues, which have higher than average gross margins, partially offset the lower margins within each segment.
Food Safety Gross Margins:
Food Safety gross margins were 51.4%, 51.8% and 52.4% in fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Fiscal 20182020 Improvements in Animal Safety gross margins, resulting from raw material cost reductions and favorable mix were offset by higher product costs in the
Food Safety segment resulting from lower sales of our mycotoxin test kits, which have higher gross margins and a change in mix caused by the Quat-Chem and Rogama acquisitions. These businesses have product lines with gross margins lower than the average gross margins in this segment. Depreciation expense, resulting from the investment of machinery and equipment at several manufacturing locations, increased $872,000decreased 40 basis points in fiscal 2018.

Fiscal 2017 – Improvements in Animal Safety gross margins, resulting from2020, primarily due to lower raw material costs in the genomics business and increased higher margin forensics test kit sales into the commercial laboratory market, and strong growth in sales of higher margin mycotoxin and allergen test kits in the Food Safety segment, overcame the lower gross margins resulting from the Quat-Chem and Rogama acquisitions.

Food Safety Gross Margins:

Food Safety gross margins were 52.8%, 55.3% and 56.7% in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Fiscal 2018 – Our fiscal 2018 results reflect the full year impact of lower gross margins from revenues contributed by the recent acquisitions of Quat-Chem and Rogama. Excluding these businesses, Food Safety gross margins would have been 330 basis points higher in fiscal 2018. Additionally, the decrease in sales of higher margin forensic test kits through our Brazilian subsidiary, due to increased competition,in Brazil, and lower salesthe continued strength of mycotoxin test kits, due to a DON outbreakthe U.S. dollar against currencies in the prior yearcountries in which did not recurwe operate; our international operations pay for their inventory primarily in fiscal 2018,U.S. dollars

, and the weakness in local currencies adversely impacted gross margins in this segment.

margins.

Fiscal 20172019 During fiscal 2017, we purchased the Quat-Chem and Rogama businesses, which generated gross margins lower than historical averages for this segment. These acquisitions, and the full year impact of the prior year acquisitions of Lab M and Deoxi resulted in a 140 basis point decline in
Food Safety gross margins.margins decreased 60 basis points in fiscal 2019,
primarily the result of a shift in product mix at our international operations; in fiscal 2019, these operations sold a higher proportion of lower margin traditional Animal Safety products such as cleaners and disinfectants. In addition, gross margins were also negatively impacted by the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to the international currencies in which we operate, primarilyparticularly in Brazil, Europe, and Mexico, where the real, pound and peso declined in value against the U.S. dollar by 14%15%, 3%, and 12%4%, respectively. These international operations report through the Food Safety segment. Partially offsetting these negative impacts to gross margins were favorable shiftsIncreases in product mix towards higher margin product lines such as our diagnostic and forensic test kits for mycotoxins and allergens.

partially offset these decreases.

28

Animal Safety Gross Margins:

Animal Safety gross margins were 42.0%42.3%, 40.6% and 40.1%41.4% in fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Fiscal 20182020 The improvement in
Animal Safety gross margin percentage from fiscal 2017 to fiscal 2018 was primarily due to raw material cost reductions in our genomics business. We also benefitted frommargins increased by 170 basis points, driven by increased sales of forensic test kits and otherhigher margin disinfectant products, particularly in the fourth quarter of the year as a result of the
COVID-19
pandemic, which caused heavy demand for our sanitizing products. In addition, a mix shift towards genomics services for the companion animal markets, which have higher gross margins within the genomics business, contributed to the improvement.
Fiscal 2019 –
Animal Safety gross margins decreased 80 basis points in fiscal 2019,
primarily the result of lower volumes in higher margin products such as diagnostics, animal care products, instruments and decreasedrodenticides. Forensic test kit revenues in Animal Safety declined as a large U.S. commercial laboratory transferred sample testing to its locations in Brazil which we service through our Brazilian Food operation reporting in the Food Safety segment. We also had strong growth in sales of genomics services in our Australian operations; gross margins in this operation are lower margin distributed cleanersthan historical Animal Safety margins due to higher chip costs and disinfectants resulting from the terminationlack of a distribution agreement in January 2017.

Fiscal 2017 –Improvements in raw material costs, favorable product mix in the genomics business and strong sales of forensic kits to commercial labsscale. Partially offsetting these lower margins were increased margins in the U.S. more than offsetgenomics operations, based primarily on improved input costs and increased sales of higher margin services to the loss of high margin revenues from the thyroid replacement product forbovine and companion animals, which we were required to stop selling at the end of fiscal 2016.

animal markets.

OPERATING EXPENSES

(dollars in thousands)

  2018   Increase  2017   Increase  2016 

Sales and Marketing

  $70,909    14 $62,424    8 $57,599 

General and Administrative

   38,294    12  34,214    17  29,189 

Research and Development

   10,855    5  10,385    5  9,890 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Operating Expense

  $120,058    12 $107,023    11 $96,678 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(dollars in thousands)
  
2020
   
Increase
  
2019
   
Increase
  
2018
 
Sales and Marketing
  $69,675   -1%  $70,230     5%  $66,929 
General and Administrative
   44,331     9%   40,791     7%   38,294 
Research and Development
   14,750   15%   12,805   18%   10,855 
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
 
Total Operating Expense
  $128,756     4%  $123,826     7%  $116,078 
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
 
Overall operating expenses increased by 12%4% in fiscal 20182020 and 11%7% in fiscal 2017,2019, each compared to the prior year. These increases

compare to revenue increases of 11%1% and 13%4%, respectively, infor each comparative period.

Sales and Marketing:

Sales and marketing expenses increaseddecreased by 14%1% in fiscal 20182020 compared to fiscal 2019 and 8%rose 5% in fiscal 2017, each2019 compared to the prior year. As a

percentage of sales, sales and marketing expense was 17.6%16.7%, 17.3%17.0% and 17.9%16.8% in fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Fiscal 2018 2020
Salaries and commissions expense rose 9% in fiscal 2018, while travel expense increased 12%. Other significant increases include shipping expense, distributor support and promotion programs, federal and state product registrations and royalty expense.

Approximately $1.2 million of the increase The $550,000 decline in sales and marketing expenses in fiscal 2020 was driven by a $1.3 million, or 7.4%, decline in spending in this category in the fourth quarter of the year, caused by a reduction in business travel, meals and entertainment, trade shows, and related marketing expenses, as the

COVID-19
global pandemic resulted in strict travel restrictions and reductions in face to face sales activities in many of our markets during the quarter. Partially offsetting these declines were higher compensation and related fringe benefits, the result of increased headcount, increased shipping expenses, and higher regulatory expense resulted from the Quat-Chem, Rogama and Neogen Australasia acquisitions.

due to product registration efforts in our international markets.

Fiscal 2017 2019
Salaries and commissions withinincreased by 4% in 2019 and drove the 5% increase in overall sales and marketing function, which is also comprisedexpenses; shipping expenses increased 11%, the result of technical service, customer service,higher rates and product management personnel, rose 10%, due to increased staffing and thean increase in revenue, while travel

expenses rose 7%.air shipments. Other significant expense increases were domestic shipping expense, up 11%the result of higher trade show, exhibit and in line with the revenue increase,

sponsorship costs, and royalty expense, which rose 35% due to increased sales in fiscal 2017provision for bad debts. Partially offsetting these increases were lower promotion and aone-time credit in the prior year resulting from a

retroactive rate reduction on a royalty agreement. Of the $4.8 million increase in expenses, approximately $2.2 million resulted from our recent acquisitions.

consulting expenses.

29

General and Administrative:

General and administrative expenses rose 12%9% in fiscal 20182020 compared to fiscal 20172019 and by 17%7% in fiscal 20172019 compared to fiscal

2016. 2018. As a percentage of sales, general and administrative expense was 9.5%10.6%, 9.5%9.8% and 9.1%9.6% in fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018, 2017respectively.

Fiscal 2020 –
Higher stock-based compensation costs and 2016, respectively.

a significant uptick in legal fees, driven in part by the number of acquisitions completed during the year, resulted in the overall 9% expense increase. In both fiscal years,addition, the increase is primarilycompany continued to invest in information technology infrastructure, network capabilities and

e-commerce
initiatives. This resulted in higher depreciation on
IT-related
hardware and increased license fees on software investments. These increases were somewhat offset by a reduction in outside consulting. General and administrative expenses at five new company locations, the result of acquisitions in the second half of fiscal 2020, totaled $520,000
for the year
.
Fiscal 2019 –
Higher salary and stock-based compensation costs were the primary drivers of the overall 7% expense increase. In addition, higher salaries, due to additional headcount as well as compensation increases. Higherdepreciation and license fees on
IT-related
hardware and software investments, increased training, recruiting and legal and professional fees and additional amortization of intangible assets, due to our recent acquisitions, also contributed to the increaseincreased expense. These increases were somewhat offset by a $427,000 reduction in each comparative period.

amortization expense as certain intangible assets from past acquisitions were fully amortized during the year.

Research and Development:

Research and development expenses increased 5%15% in fiscal 20182020 and 5%18% in fiscal 2017,2019, each compared to the prior year.

Higher salaries expense in each fiscal year, resulting from increased headcount and compensation increases, was partially offset by lower levels of consulting and other outside services. As a percentage of revenue, these expenses were 3.5% in fiscal year 2020, 3.1% in fiscal year 2019 and 2.7% in fiscal year 2018, 2.9% in fiscal year 2017 and 3.1% in fiscal year 2016;2018; we expect to spend approximately 3% of total revenue on research and development annually.

Fiscal 2020 –
The 15% increase in research and development expenses in fiscal 2020 was primarily the result of continued spending with development partners for two new readers, currently anticipated to be launched in the first half of fiscal 2021. Increased compensation expense, resulting from investments in people as we heighten the development capabilities of the group, higher depreciation expense from continued investment in analytical equipment, and an increase in contracted services also contributed to the expense growth.
Fiscal 2019 –
The 18% increase in research and development expenses in fiscal 2019 was primarily the result of development spending for next generation products and increases in expenditures to obtain regulatory approvals for a number of new products. Higher salaries expense, resulting from increased headcount and compensation increases, and increased depreciation expense, resulting from investments in analytical and testing equipment, accounted for the remainder of the increase.
OPERATING INCOME

(dollars in thousands)

  2018   Increase  2017   Increase  2016 

Operating Income

  $70,194    8 $64,945    15 $56,386 

(dollars in thousands)
  
2020
   
Increase
  
2019
   
Increase
  
2018
 
Operating Income
  $67,523   -1%  $68,094   -3%  $70,194 
Our operating income increaseddecreased by 8%1% in fiscal 20182020 compared to fiscal 2017,2019, and by 15%3% in fiscal 20172019 compared to fiscal 2016.2018. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, operating income was 17.5%16.1%, 18.0%16.4% and 17.6% in fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Gross margins rose by $4.4 million in fiscal 2020; the increase was more than offset by an overall increase of $4.9 million, or 4.0%, in operating expenses, resulting in a 1% decrease in operating income compared to fiscal 2019.
The 8% increase3% decrease in operating income for fiscal 20182019 was due primarily to the 11% increase in sales, offset by slightly lower gross margins due to product mix shifts, and operating expenses which rose by 12% over fiscal 2017.

The 15% increase in operating income for fiscal 2017 was due to the 13% increase in revenues andoverall operating expense increases of $7.7 million, up 7%, which were less than the revenue growth rate, combined withcompared to a gross margins which, at 47.6%margin increase of sales, were the same as the prior year.

$5.6 million.

30

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)

Other Income (Expense) for the previous three fiscal years consisted of the following:

(dollars in thousands)  2018   2017   2016 

Interest income (net of expense)

  $2,043   $838   $322 

Foreign currency transactions

   274    (40   (1,338

Royalty income

   147    171    217 

Settlement of licensing agreement

   —      660    —   

Quat-Chem contingent consideration

   255    —      —   

Deoxi contingent consideration

   (42   (14   —   

Neogen India contingent consideration

   —      32    —   

Other

   594    81    (74
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Other Income (Expense)

  $3,271   $1,728   $(873
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(dollars in thousands)
  
2020
   
2019
   
2018
 
Interest income (net of expense)
  $5,992   $4,683   $2,043 
Foreign currency transactions
   (1,178   (1,279   274 
Royalty income
   1    150    147 
Licenses and settlements
   (38   672    360 
Quat-Chem contingent consideration
   —      422    255 
Deoxi contingent consideration
   —      (10   (42
Other
   5    227    234 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total Other Income
  $4,782   $4,865   $3,271 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
The increasesincrease in interest income in both fiscal years 20182020 and 20172019, each compared to the prior yearsyear, is the result of higher cash balances and rising interest rates during thetwo-year two year period. OtherDuring the second half of the 2020 fiscal year, and particularly in response to the
COVID-19
pandemic, yields on fixed income resultingsecurities declined significantly, corresponding to a similar decline in the ten year U.S. Treasury bill rate. The loss from foreign currency translations in fiscal 2020 and 2019 is primarily the result of the changes in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar in countries in which we operate.operate; the dollar strengthened against all of these currencies in
each comparative year
.
In fiscal 2020, we recognized $600,000 of expense for an expected settlement of a penalty payable to the U.S. government due to a violation of a sanctions program. This was partially offset by a $483,000 gain resulting from a settlement with the Brazilian government related to sales taxes charged over several years, and proceeds received for a property loss settlement. In fiscal 2019 and 2018, gains were recognized on insurance proceeds received for property loss settlements. Other Income in fiscal 2019 and 2018 also included the adjustment of Quat-Chem and Deoxi contingent consideration based on the level of achievement of revenue targets for the acquired businesses. Inbusinesses in each of those fiscal 2017, we terminated a licensing agreement and recognized a gain of $660,000.

years.

PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES

(dollars in thousands)

  2018   Increase  2017   Increase  2016 

Provision for Income Taxes

  $10,250    (55)%  $22,700    20 $18,975 

(dollars in thousands)
  
2020
   
Increase
  
2019
   
Increase
  
2018
 
Provision for Income Taxes
  $12,830   0%  $12,783   25%  $10,250 
Income tax expense for fiscal 20182020 was $10.3$12.8 million, an effective tax rate of 14%17.7%, compared to prior year income tax expense of $22.7$12.8 million in 2019, an effective tax rate of 34%17.5%. We recorded favorableFor fiscal 2018, income tax adjustments totaling $4.8expense of $10.3 million during the year as the resultrepresented an effective tax rate of 14.0%.
The U.S. tax reform passed in December 2017. The tax reformTax Act reduced the U.S. statutory income tax rate from 35% to 21%, in December 2017. During both fiscal 2020 and also resulted in other adjustments2019, we utilized the 21% statutory rate for the entire year to income tax expense. We computedcompute our income tax forexpense, whereas the statutory rate in fiscal year ending May 31, 2018 usingwas a blended Federal Tax Raterate of 29.2%. As required by generally accepted accounting principles, we revalued
Differences from the U. S. statutory rate to our net deferred tax liabilities duringeffective rate are primarily due to provisions in the year to reflect the lower rate, resulting in a credit to income tax expense of $6.0 million. In addition, we have calculated our cumulative unrepatriated foreign earningsU.S. Tax Act and profits and calculated tax owed on those earnings and profits. This tax was estimated at $1.2 million and was recorded as federal income tax expense; payment of this tax is permitted over an eight-year period.

Additionally, during the year we recorded incremental credits of $4.8 million to federal income tax expense for excess tax benefits from the exercise of stock options, due to the adoption of ASU2016-09;options. Please refer to Note 6 of our Consolidated Financial Statementsto the consolidated financial statements for furthermore information. In the second quarter of fiscal 2018, an IRS examination of our federal income tax returns for fiscal years 2014, 2015 and 2016 was concluded. As a result of the favorable outcome of the audit, we reversed a total of $1.0 million from our reserve for uncertain tax positions, which had been accrued in prior fiscal years, with a corresponding credit to federal income tax expense.

NET INCOME AND INCOME PER SHARE

(dollars in thousands-except per share data)  2018   Increase  2017   Increase  2016 

Net Income Attributable to Neogen

  $63,145    44 $43,793    20 $36,564 

Net Income Per Share-Basic

  $1.23    $0.87    $0.73 

Net Income Per Share-Diluted

  $1.21    $0.86    $0.72 

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
  
2020
   
Increase
   
2019
   
Increase
   
2018
 
Net Income Attributable to Neogen
  $59,475    -1%   $60,176    -5%   $63,145 
Net Income Per Share-Basic
  $1.13     $1.16     $1.23 
Net Income Per Share-Diluted
  $1.13     $1.15     $1.21 
Net income increased by 44%decreased $701,000 in fiscal 2018, significantly aided2020 compared to fiscal 2019, primarily due to the $654,000 decrease in in
pre-tax
income.
Net income decreased by U.S. tax reform enacted in December 2017 and a change in accounting for stock-based compensation, and increased by 20%5% in fiscal 2017, each2019 as compared to fiscal 2018. This is due to the prior year. As a percentage of revenue, net income was 15.7%increase in our effective tax rate in fiscal 2018, 12.1%2019 and, to a lesser extent, a 1% decrease in fiscal 2017 and 11.4% in fiscal 2016.

pre-tax
income.
31

FUTURE OPERATING RESULTS

Neogen Corporation’s future operating results involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Actual events or results may differ materially from those discussed in this report. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, the factors discussed below as well as those discussed elsewhere in this report. Management’s ability to grow the business in the future depends upon our ability to successfully implement various strategies, including:

developing, manufacturing and marketing new products with new features and capabilities, and having those new products successfully accepted in the marketplace;

expanding our markets by fostering increased use of our products by customers;

maintaining or increasing gross and net operating margins in changing cost environments;

strengthening operations and sales and marketing activities in geographies outside of the U.S.;

developing and implementing new technology development strategies; and

identifying and completing acquisitions that enhance existing product categories or create new products or services.

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY

On May 31, 2018,2020, we had $83.1$66.3 million in cash and cash equivalents, $127.7$277.4 million in marketable securities, and working capital of $337.1$488.9 million. For the year ended May 31, 2018,2020, cash generated from operating activities was $69.1$85.9 million, compared to $60.3$63.8 million generated in fiscal 2017;2019; proceeds from stock option exercises provided an additional $22.8$29.4 million of cash. For the same period, additions to property, equipment and equipmentother
non-current
assets were $24.1 million and business acquisitions used cash of $20.9 million and $468,000, respectively.$13.2 million. We have a financing agreement with a bank providing for an unsecured revolving line of credit of $15.0 million, which expires on September 30, 2019.2021. There were no advances against this line of credit during fiscal years 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, and no balance outstanding at May 31, 20182020 and 2017.

Accounts2019.

Net accounts receivable at May 31, 20182020 were $79.1$84.7 million, compared to $68.6$82.6 million at May 31, 2017,2019; the increase is primarily due to the increase in revenues. Daysthe days sales outstanding
 (DSO),
a measurement of the time it takes to collect receivables, which was 6068 days at both May 31, 2018 and2020 compared to 61 days at May 31, 2017. All2019. We have been carefully monitoring our customer receivables as the
COVID-19
pandemic has spread across our global markets; to date, although there has been some slowdown in collections, we have not experienced an appreciable increase in bad debt write offs. We did provide an additional $100,000 in our allowance for bad debts to account for potential write offs related to
COVID-19,
based in part on the increase in DSO,
and will continue to actively manage our customer accounts are actively managed and no losses in excess of amounts reserved are currently expected.

adjust the allowance account as circumstances change.

Inventory balances were $76.0$95.1 million at May 31, 2018,2020, an increase of $2.9$9.1 million, or 4.0%11%, compared to $73.1$86.0 million at May 31, 2017. This past year,2019. During both fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2020, we were successfulhave increased inventory levels of products that are sold into our European markets, to enhance our ability to serve these markets in controllingthe event of a disorderly Brexit. While Brexit is now official, there is a transition period which ends on December 31, 2020, and we will continue to monitor and adjust our inventory levels as necessary. In 2020, we increased our inventory levels by $4.3 million in the U.S., in part to ensure that we have adequate supplies of critical raw and finished products in the event our supply chain is adversely impacted by
COVID-19.
We have also increased inventory levels at other international locations by approximately $1.3 million due to acquisitions. Notwithstanding these increases, all operations participate in programs to improve inventory turns, while ensuring adequate safety stocksstock to minimize backorders. We continue to identify and rationalize redundant product offerings resulting from recent acquisitions.

Neogen has been consistently profitable and has generated strong cash flow from operations during each of the past three fiscal years. However, our cash on hand and current borrowing capacity may not be sufficient to meet our cash requirements to commercialize products currently under development or our potentialfuture plans to acquire additional businesses, technology and products that fit within our strategic plan. Accordingly, we may be required, or may choose, to issue equity securities or enter into other financing arrangements for a portion of our future capital needs.

We are subject to certain legal and other proceedings in the normal course of business that have not had, and, in the opinion of management, are not expected to have, a material effect on our results of operations or financial position.

32

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

As of May 31, 2018,2020, we have the following contractual obligations due by period:

(dollars in thousands)

  Total   Less than
1 year
   1-3 years   3-5 years   More than
5 years
 

Long-Term Debt

  $—     $—     $—     $—     $—   

Operating Leases

   906    498    194    214    —   

Unconditional Purchase Obligations (1)

   54,339    54,061    278    —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $55,245   $54,559   $472   $214   $—   

       
Less than
           
More than
 
(dollars in thousands)
  
Total
   
1 year
   
1-3 years
   
3-5 years
   
5 years
 
Long-Term Debt
  $—     $—     $—     $—     $—   
Operating Leases
   2,094    1,080    973    41     
Unconditional Purchase Obligations (1)
   55,180    48,681    6,499         
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
  $57,283   $49,763   $7,478   $42   $—   
(1)
Unconditional purchase obligations are primarily purchase orders for future inventory and capital equipment purchases.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

See discussion of any New Accounting Pronouncements in Note 1 to Consolidated Financial Statements.

consolidated financial statements.

33

ITEM 7A.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS

We have interest rate and foreign exchange rate risk exposure but no long-term fixed rate investments or borrowings. Our primary interest rate risk is due to potential fluctuations of interest rates for variable rate borrowings and short-term investments.

Foreign exchange risk exposure arises because we market and sell our products throughout the world. Revenues in certain foreign countries as well as certain expenses related to those revenues are transacted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Our operating results are exposed to changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the British pound sterling, the euro, the Mexican peso, the Brazilian real, the Chinese yuan, the Australian dollar and to a lesser extent, the Indian rupee, the Canadian dollar, the Argentine peso, the Uruguayan peso and Australian dollar;the Chilean peso; there is also exposure to a change in exchange rate between the British pound sterling and the euro. When the U.S. dollar weakens against foreign currencies, the dollar value of revenues denominated in foreign currencies increases. When the U.S. dollar strengthens, the opposite situation occurs. Additionally, previously recognized revenuesinvoiced amounts can be positively or negatively affected by changes in exchange rates in the course of collection. We use derivative financial instruments to help manage the economic impact of fluctuations in certain currency exchange rates. These contracts are adjusted to fair value through earnings.

Neogen has assets, liabilities and operations outside of the U.S., located in the United Kingdom,Scotland, England, Italy, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, China, India, Canada and Australia where the functional currency is the British pound sterling, Brazilian real, Mexican peso, Argentine peso, Uruguayan peso, Chilean peso, Chinese yuan, Indian rupee, Canadian dollar and Australian dollar, respectively, and also transacts business throughout Europe in the euro. Our investments in foreign subsidiaries are considered to be long-term.

As discussed in ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected by currency fluctuations.
ITEM 8.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

The response to this item is submitted in a separate section of this report starting on page
F-1.

ITEM 9.
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE—NONE

ITEM 9A.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Chairman of the BoardOfficer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule
13a-15
(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of May 31, 2018.2020. Based on and as of the time of such evaluation, our management, including the Chief Executive Chairman of the BoardOfficer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that are filed or submitted under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 is appropriately recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure the information required to be disclosed in the reports that are filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Chairman of the BoardOfficer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules
13-a-15(f)
and
15d-15(f).
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Chairman of the BoardOfficer and Chief Financial Officer, an evaluation was conducted as to the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2018,2020, based on the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on that evaluation, management concluded that internal control over financial reporting was effective as of May 31, 2018.2020. The effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2018,2020 has been audited by BDO USA, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its attestation report, which is included on the following page and is incorporated into this Item 9A by reference.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

No changes in our internal control over financial reporting were identified as having occurred during the year ended May 31, 20182020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.

34

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Stockholders
and Board of Directors and Stockholders

Neogen Corporation

Lansing, Michigan

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited Neogen Corporation’s (the “Company’s”)Company’s) internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2018,2020, based on criteria established in
Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013)
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO criteria”)COSO criteria). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2018,2020, based on the COSO criteria
.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company and subsidiaries as of May 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended May 31, 2018,2020, and the related notes and our report dated July 27, 201830, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying “Item 9A,Item “9A, Management’s Report on Internal Control Overover Financial Reporting.”Reporting”. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

Grand Rapids, Michigan

July 27, 2018

30, 2020

BDO USA, LLP, a Delaware limited liability partnership, is the U.S. member of BDO International Limited, a UK company limited by guarantee, and forms part of the international BDO network of independent member firms.
BDO is the brand name for the BDO network and for each of the BDO Member Firms.
35

ITEM 9B.
OTHER INFORMATION – NONE

PART III

ITEM 10.
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information regarding the Company and certain corporate governance matters appearing under the captions “Election of Directors”,Directors,” “Audit Committee”,Committee,” and “Miscellaneous-Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” is incorporated by reference to Neogen’s 20182020 proxy statement to be filed within 120 days of May 31, 2018.

2020.

We have adopted a Code of Conduct that applies to our directors, officers and employees. This Code of Conduct is available on our website at http:
https://www.neogen.com/pdf/CodeOfConduct.pdf.

OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

globalassets/pdfs/corporate-governance-sec-and-investor-information/codeofconduct.pdf

Information About Our Executive Officers
The officers of Neogen are elected by and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The names and titles of our officers as of May 31, 20182020 are set forth below.

Name
  
Position with the Company
  
Year Joined

the Company
 

John E. Adent

  
President & Chief Executive Officer
   2017 

Stewart W. Bauck, D.V.M., Ph.D.

  
Vice President, Agrigenomics
   2012 

Joseph A. Corbett

  
Vice President, Animal Safety Sales & Operations
   1993 

Robert S. Donofrio, Ph.D.

  
Vice President, Food Safety Research & Development
   2016 

Shane M. Fitzwater

  
Vice President, Animal Safety Operations
   2018 

Jerome L. Hagedorn

  
Vice President, Food Safety Operations
   2018 

James L. Herbert

Jason W. Lilly, Ph.D.
  Executive Chairman of the Board1982

Melissa K. Herbert

Vice President, Support ServicesInternational Business
   2005 

Jason W. Lilly, Ph.D., MBA

Julie A. Mann*
  
Vice President Corporate Development& Chief Human Resources Officer
   20052017 

Terri A. Morrical

  
Vice President, Animal Safety
   1992 

Marylinn Munson
Vice President, Agrigenomics
2020
Steven J. Quinlan

  
Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
   2011 

Dwight E. Schroedter

Vice President, Animal Safety Manufacturing1995

Melissa K. Herbert, Vice President, Support Services, is the daughter of James L. Herbert, Executive Chairman of the Board.

* Ms. Mann was promoted to this position on June 1, 2020.
Information concerning the officers of Neogen follows:

John E. Adent, age 50,52, joined Neogen as Chief Executive Officer on July 17, 2017. Prior to joining Neogen, Mr. Adent served as the Chief Executive Officer of Animal Health International, Inc., formerly known as Lextron, Inc., from 2004 to 2015, also serving as its President during that time. Animal Health International was sold to Patterson Companies, Inc. in 2015, and Mr. Adent served as the Chief Executive Officer of the $3.3 billion Animal Health Division of Patterson Animal Health from that period until his resignation on July 1, 2017. Mr. Adent began his career with management responsibilities for Ralston Purina Company, developing animal feed manufacturing and sales operations in China and the Philippines. When Ralston Purina spun off that business to Agribrands, he continued his management role in the European division in Spain and Hungary, serving as managing director of the Hungarian operations. He left Ralston Purina in 2004.

Dr. Stewart W. Bauck, age 60,62, joined Neogen in 2012 as our Director of Beef Cattle Genomics, and became General Manager of Neogen’s GeneSeek subsidiarygenomics operation in Lincoln, NE in 2013. In December 2016, Dr. Bauck was named Neogen’s Vice President, of Agrigenomics, responsible for GeneSeek’sthe operation and execution of our genomics strategy. Effective June 1, 2020, Dr. Bauck transitioned into a part-time role of Senior Director, Special Projects, assisting in commercial development opportunities in Canada. Prior to joining Neogen, Dr. Bauck spent 15 years with Merial, Inc., where he created and launched the Igenity livestock production business. Igenity was acquired by Neogen from Merial in May 2012. Dr. Bauck’s experience also includes various responsibilities in technical services and management for Merck AgVet, and, earlier in his career, he owned and operated his own private veterinary practice with a major emphasis on food-producing animals.

36

Joseph A. Corbett, age 49,51, joined Neogen in December 1993 as a sales representative in the Animal Safety operation based in Lexington, Kentucky. Prior to joining Neogen, he worked for the Marriott Corporation in sales and operations. He has served in various sales, marketing and operational roles in the Neogen Animal Safety segment. He was named Vice President, Animal Safety Sales and Operations in October 2014, responsible for all Animal Safety revenues, excluding Genomics and Life Sciences, and operations at the Lexington distribution centers.

Sciences.

Dr. Robert S. Donofrio, age 45,47, joined Neogen in February 2016 as Director of Microbiology Research and Development, and was promoted to Director of Food Safety Research and Development in December 2016. In April 2018, Dr. Donofrio was named Vice President, of Food Safety Research and Development. Prior to joining Neogen, he worked for 15 years at NSF International in various positions of increasing responsibility, including Director of Microbiology and Molecular Biology and Director of Applied Research.Research, where he led efforts in grant research and method development with partners in academia, industry and government. At Neogen, Dr. Donofrio is responsible for our food safety research activities in the U.S., Scotland and England.

Shane M. Fitzwater, age 44,46, joined Neogen in April 2018 as Vice President, of Animal Safety Operations. In his role, Mr. Fitzwater is responsible for the manufacturing, quality systems, supply chain, shipping and warehousing for our domestic biosecurity operations.Animal Safety operations, excluding Genomics. Prior to joining Neogen, he spent 18 years in positions of increasing responsibility at Ecolab, Inc., including five years as Ecolab’s vice presidentVice President of supply chain, global specialty sector.Supply Chain, Global Specialty Sector. Mr. Fitzwater managed Ecolab’s global supply chain for a $750 million business unit with worldwide manufacturing and logistics operations. Before being named a vice president, he spent four years as a director of operations at Ecolab, managing a group of 450 employees and an annual operating budget of $40 million.

Jerome L. Hagedorn, age 52,54, joined Neogen in April 2018 as Vice President, of Food Safety Operations. In the role, Mr. Hagedorn is responsible for the manufacturing, supply chain, shipping and warehousing, production engineering and quality systems for Neogen’s food safetyFood Safety operations. Prior to joining Neogen, Mr. Hagedorn spent the past eight years as Vice President of Operations at Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics. At Siemens, he was responsible for multiple plant operations, including diagnostic instrument manufacturing and new product introduction. Prior to joining Siemens, Mr. Hagedorn held a variety of senior-levelsenior level positions over a20-year 20 year career, including directorDirector of manufacturingManufacturing at Bayer Healthcare in Indiana, directorDirector of lean manufacturingLean Manufacturing at Invensys in Ohio, and managerManager of automated manufacturingAutomated Manufacturing at Siemens Electronic Components in Mexico.

James L. Herbert, age 78, is Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors. He had been Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board since 2006; he resigned as Chief Executive Officer on July 17, 2017, when John Adent was named to that role. Prior to 2006, he had been President and a Director since he founded the Company in June 1982. Mr. Herbert previously held the position of Corporate Vice President of DeKalb Ag Research, a major agricultural genetics and energy company. He has management experience in animal biologics, specialized chemical research, medical instruments, aquaculture, animal nutrition, and poultry and livestock breeding and production.

Melissa K. Herbert, age 54, joined Neogen in August 2005 as a sales representative in our Food Safety Division in Lansing, Michigan. In 2011, Ms. Herbert was named Manager of Industry Affairs, with oversight of regulatory issues for both the Food and Animal Safety segments, and in June 2013, Director of Industry Affairs. She was named Vice President, Support Services in October 2015. Support Services is comprised of Technical Service, Regulatory Affairs and Industry Affairs departments.

Dr. Jason W. Lilly, age 44,46, joined Neogen in June 2005 as Market Development Manager for Food Safety. In June 2009, he moved to the Corporate Development group. He was named Vice President of Corporate Development in December 2011, responsible for the identification and acquisition of new business opportunities for the Company. In January 2019, Dr. Lilly was named Vice President, International Business, responsible for Neogen’s operations outside of the U.S. and Canada. Prior to joining Neogen, he served in various technical sales and marketing roles at Invitrogen Corporation.

Julie Mann, age 55, joined Neogen in 2017 as Director of Human Resources and was promoted to Senior Director of Human Resources in June 2019. On June 1, 2020, Ms. Mann was named Vice President & Chief Human Resources Officer, with responsibilities for people-focused programs and initiatives for Neogen’s more than 1,700 global employees. Ms. Mann has more than 30 years of experience focused on all aspects of strategic human resources including talent acquisition, compensation and benefits, employee development and employee relations. Prior to joining Neogen, Ms. Mann held the positions of Director, Talent Acquisition at Holland, a logistics company, and Director, People Services Consulting at Herman Miller.
Terri A. Morrical, age 53,55, joined Neogen in September 1992 as part of our acquisition of WTT, Incorporated. She has directed most aspects of our Animal Safety operations since she joined Neogen and currently serves as Vice President responsible for the Animal Safety segment, excluding Genomics. From 1986 to 1991, Ms. Morrical was Controller for Freeze Point Cold Storage Systems and concurrently served in the same capacity for Powercore, Inc. In 1990, she joined WTT, Incorporated as VP/CFO and then became President, the position she held at the time Neogen acquired the business.

Marylinn Munson, age 56, joined Neogen in May 2020 as Vice President, Agrigenomics. Ms. Munson has held positions with increasing responsibility in sales and operations in the life science, biotechnology and agriculture industries for more than 20 years, with an additional seven years of experience in clinical and research labs. In the five years prior to joining Neogen, Ms. Munson was Board Chair at NorthShore Bio, Sr Partner at TNK Associates, LLC (dba Devil Doc Distributors) and provided consulting services at MPower Network. Her previous positions included VP of Global NGS Informatics at Qiagen, VP of Global Business Development and Sales at Biomatrica, Director of Global Sales Operations and America Sales at Illumina, and Global Market/Business Development Manager at Agilent Technologies.
Steven J. Quinlan, age 55,57, joined Neogen in January 2011 as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. He was named Secretary in October 2011. He is responsible for all internal and external financial reporting for Neogen, and manages the accounting, human resources, information technology communicationscorporate purchasing, treasury and facilities departments.investor relations functions. Mr. Quinlan came to Neogen following 19 years at Detrex Corporation (1992-2010), the last eight years serving as Vice President-Finance, CFO and Treasurer. He was on the audit staff at the public accounting firm Price Waterhouse (now PWC) from 1985-1989.

Dwight E. Schroedter, age 61, joined Neogen in January 1995 as Research and Development Manager of the Animal Safety Division based in Lexington, Kentucky. He has served in a variety of technical, operational and sales roles as part of the Animal Safety Division and was named Vice President, Animal Safety Manufacturing in October 2014, overseeing manufacturing operations at our domestic Animal Safety manufacturing locations, excluding Lansing. Prior to joining Neogen, Mr. Schroedter managed the antibody development laboratory for the Ames Division of Miles, Incorporated.    

37

ITEM 11.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this Item, and pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, is incorporated by reference to Neogen’sfrom the sections entitled “Compensation Discussion and Analysis”, “Compensation Committee Report” and “Executive Compensation” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days of May 31, 2018.

2020.
ITEM 12.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS, MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this Item, and pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, is incorporated by reference to Neogen’sfrom the section entitled “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners, Management and Related Stockholder Matters” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days of May 31, 2018.

2020.
ITEM 13.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this Item, and pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, is incorporated by reference to Neogen’sfrom the section entitled “Information about the Board and Corporate Governance Matters” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days of May 31, 2018.

2020.
ITEM 14.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this Item, and pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, is incorporated by reference to Neogen’sfrom the section entitled “Proposal 3
Ratification of the appointment of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days of May 31, 2018.

2020.

PART IV

ITEM 15.
EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) (1) and (2) and (c). The response to this portion of ITEM 15 is submitted as a separate section of this report starting on page
F-1.

(a) (3) and (b). The Exhibits, listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index on page 42,40, are incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 16.
FORM
10-K
SUMMARY — NONE

38

Neogen Corporation

Annual Report on Form
10-K

Year Ended May 31, 2018

2020

EXHIBIT INDEX

EXHIBIT NO.

  

DESCRIPTION

  3.1  Restated Articles of Incorporation, as restatedamended on November 23, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i) tothe exhibit 3.1 filed with the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q dated November filed December 30, 2011).
  3.2  Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on October 11, 2010.
  3.3Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on November 20, 2018 (incorporated by reference to the exhibit filed with the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed December 28, 2018).
  3.4By-Laws, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q dated February 29, filed April 14, 2000).
10.1  Neogen Corporation 2007 Stock Option Plan as amended and restated (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the Registrant’s 2011 Proxy Statement August 31, 2011 filed September 1, 2011).
10.2  Neogen Corporation 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Registrant’s 2015 Proxy Statement dated and filed August 29,25, 2015).
10.3Neogen Corporation 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Registrant’s 2018 Proxy Statement dated and filed August 28, 2018).
10.4  Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of November 30, 20162018 between Registrant and JPMorgan Chase N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.A to the registrant’s Form8-K filed on December 6, 2016)2018).
21  Listing of Subsidiaries
23  Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm BDO USA, LLP
24  Power of Attorney
31.1  Section 302 Certification of Principal Executive Officer
31.2  Section 302 Certification of Principal Financial Officer
32  Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS  Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Document
101.LAB  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

39

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 NEOGEN CORPORATION
 

By:

 
/s/ James L. Herbert                                    John E. Adent
 

By:

 
/s/ Steven J. Quinlan
  James L. Herbert, ExecutiveJohn E. Adent, President & Chief  Steven J. Quinlan, Vice President &
  Chairman of the Board of DirectorsExecutive Officer  Chief Financial Officer
  (Principal Executive Officer)  (Principal Financial & Accounting Officer)

Dated: July 27, 2018

30, 2020

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature

     

Title

  

Date

/s/ James L. Herbert

James L. Herbert

Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors (Principal Executive Officer)July 27, 2018

/s/ John E. Adent

John E. Adent
    President & Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)  July 27, 2018
John E. Adent30, 2020

/s/ Steven J. Quinlan

Steven J. Quinlan
    

Vice President & Chief Financial Officer

(Principal (Principal Financial & Accounting Officer)

  July 27, 2018
Steven J. Quinlan30, 2020

*

James C. Borel
Chairman of the BoardJuly 30, 2020
*
    Director  July 30, 2020
William T. Boehm, Ph.D.      

*

    Director  
James C. Borel

*

DirectorJuly 30, 2020
Ronald D. Green, Ph.D.      

*

    Director  July 30, 2020
James L. Herbert
*
DirectorJuly 30, 2020
G. Bruce Papesh      

*

    Director  
Jack C. Parnell

*

Director
Thomas H. Reed

*

DirectorJuly 30, 2020
James P. Tobin      

*

    Director  July 30, 2020
Darci L. Vetter      

*By:  /s/ James L. HerbertJohn E. Adent             
 James L. Herbert, John E. Adent,
Attorney-in-fact
                   July 27, 201830, 2020

40

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM
10-K

ITEM 15 (a)(1)(a)(2) (3), (b) and (c)

LIST OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

YEAR ENDED MAY 31, 2018

NEOGEN CORPORATION

LANSING, MICHIGAN

FORM10-K—ITEM 15(a)(1) AND (2) AND 15(c)

LIST OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

YEAR ENDED MAY 31, 2020
NEOGEN CORPORATION
LANSING, MICHIGAN
FORM
10-K—ITEM
15(a)(1) AND (2) AND 15(c)
LIST OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
The following consolidated financial statements of Neogen Corporation and subsidiaries are included below and incorporated in ITEM 8:

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets—May 31, 20182020 and 2017

2019

Consolidated Statements of Income—Years ended May 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016

2018

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income—Years ended May 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016

2018

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity— Years ended May 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016

2018

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows— Years ended May 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016

2018

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulation of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and, therefore, have been omitted.

FORM10-K – ITEM 15 (a) (3) AND (b)

A list of Exhibits required to be filed as a part of this report is set forth in the Exhibit Index, which immediately precedes the signature page, and is incorporated herein by reference.

F-1

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Stockholders and Board of Directors and Stockholders

Neogen Corporation

Lansing, Michigan

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Neogen Corporation (the “Company”) and subsidiaries as of May 31, 20182020 and 2017, and2019, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended May 31, 2018,2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidatedconsolidated financial statements”)statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company and subsidiaries at May 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, and the results of theirits operations and theirits cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended May 31, 20182020
,
in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2018,2020, based on criteria established in
Internal Control – Integrated Framework(2013)
 issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) and our report dated July 27, 201830, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S.US federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Evaluation of the Accounting for Income Taxes
As described in Notes 1 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recorded income tax expense related to US and Foreign tax paying jurisdictions totaling $12.83 million for the year ended May 31, 2020, and deferred income tax liabilities totaling $18.13 million at May 31, 2020. The Company’s accounting for income taxes involves the application of tax regulations in each of the foreign tax paying jurisdictions in which it operates. The determination of income subject to income tax in each tax paying jurisdiction requires management to apply transfer pricing guidelines for certain intercompany transactions. Additionally, the Company is entitled to claim foreign tax credits for taxes paid in international tax paying jurisdictions. Management’s assumptions and allocations used in the determination of the foreign tax credits are based on current interpretations of complex income tax regulations and can have a material effect on the calculation of US income taxes.
F-2

We identified the assumptions and allocations used to calculate foreign taxes and international components of US income taxes to be a critical audit matter. These assumptions and allocations include: (i) interpretation of tax laws in multiple tax paying jurisdictions, (ii) technical merit of tax positions including considerations related to transfer pricing guidelines for certain intercompany transactions, and (iii) allocation methodologies that are subjective in nature. Auditing these assumptions and allocations involved subjective auditor judgment due to the complexity and the extent of specialized knowledge needed.
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:
Assessing the design and testing operating effectiveness of certain controls over the Company’s income tax provision process, including controls over the identification and application of tax laws over earnings from multiple tax jurisdictions and the process to assess the technical merits of tax positions taken.
Evaluating the reasonableness and appropriateness of the data used to develop the assumptions and allocations made by management against relevant evidence obtained in other areas of the audit.
Utilizing professionals with specialized skills and knowledge in taxation to evaluate the Company’s application of the applicable tax laws, the technical merit of tax positions taken, and the reasonableness of the Company’s apportionment methodologies used.
/s/ BDO USA, LLP
We have served as the Company’sCompany���s auditor since 2014.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

Grand Rapids, Michigan

July 27, 2018

30, 2020

F-3

Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets – Assets

(in thousands)

   May 31 
   2018   2017 

Assets

    

Current Assets

    

Cash and cash equivalents

  $83,074   $77,567 

Marketable securities

   127,736    66,068 

Accounts receivable, less allowance of $1,550 and $2,000 at May 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively

   79,086    68,576 

Inventories

   76,005    73,144 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

   9,888    7,606 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Current Assets

   375,789    292,961 

Property and Equipment

    

Land and improvements

   4,730    3,094 

Building and improvements

   44,008    37,917 

Machinery and equipment

   74,911    64,867 

Furniture and fixtures

   3,568    3,333 

Construction in progress

   2,654    2,290 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   129,871    111,501 

Less accumulated depreciation

   56,802    49,753 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net Property and Equipment

   73,069    61,748 

Other Assets

    

Goodwill

   99,558    104,759 

Othernon-amortizable intangible assets

   14,938    14,323 

Amortizable customer-based intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $24,579 and $20,846 at May 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively

   31,841    35,983 

Othernon-current assets, net of accumulated amortization of $12,470 and $9,931 at May 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively

   22,814    18,635 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Other Assets

   169,151    173,700 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Assets

  $618,009   $528,409 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 
May 31
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
Assets
      
Current Assets
      
Cash and cash equivalents
 $
66,269
  $
41,688
 
Marketable securities
  
277,404
   
225,836
 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $1,350 and $1,700 at May 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively
  
84,681
   
82,582
 
Inventories
  
95,053
   
85,992
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
  
13,999
   
13,431
 
         
Total Current Assets
  
537,406
   
449,529
 
         
Property and Equipment
      
Land and improvements
  
5,456
   
5,324
 
Building and improvements
  
48,881
   
46,205
 
Machinery and equipment
  
90,351
   
82,752
 
Furniture and fixtures
  
4,324
   
3,895
 
Construction in progress
  
4,968
   
2,294
 
         
  
153,980
   
140,470
 
Less accumulated depreciation
  
75,309
   
65,623
 
         
Net Property and Equipment
  
78,671
   
74,847
 
         
Other Assets
      
Right of use assets
  
1,952
   
 
Goodwill
  
110,340
   
103,619
 
Other
non-amortizable
intangible assets
  
15,217
   
15,510
 
Amortizable intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $44,690 and $40,835
at May 31, 2020 and 2019,
 
respectively
  
51,364
   
52,096
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
Other
non-current
assets
  
2,232
   
139
 
         
Total Other Assets
  
181,105
   
171,364
 
         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Assets
 $
 
797,182
  $
 
695,740
 
         
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-
4

Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets – Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands, except share and per share)

   May 31 
   2018  2017 

Liabilities and Equity

   

Current Liabilities

   

Accounts payable

  $20,750  $16,244 

Accruals

   

Accrued compensation

   6,065   5,002 

Income taxes

   165   936 

Other accruals

   11,708   13,820 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total Current Liabilities

   38,688   36,002 

Deferred Income Taxes

   14,103   17,048 

OtherNon-Current Liabilities

   5,043   3,602 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total Liabilities

   57,834   56,652 

Commitments and Contingencies (note 7)

   

Equity

   

Preferred stock, $1.00 par value — shares authorized 100,000; none issued and outstanding

   —     —   

Common stock, $0.16 par value — shares authorized 60,000,000; 51,735,732 and 50,932,489 shares issued and outstanding at May 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively

   8,278   8,149 

Additionalpaid-in capital

   202,572   174,742 

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

   (9,746  (7,203

Retained earnings

   359,071   295,926 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries Stockholders’ Equity

   560,175   471,614 

Non-controlling interest

   —     143 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total Equity

   560,175   471,757 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 
  $618,009   528,409 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

 
May 31
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
      
         
Current Liabilities
      
Accounts payable
 $
25,650
  $
19,063
 
Accruals
      
Accrued compensation
  
7,735
   
7,085
 
Income taxes
  
1,456
   
601
 
Other accruals
  
13,648
   
11,502
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total Current Liabilities
  
48,489
   
38,251
 
Deferred Income Taxes
  
18,125
   
15,618
 
Other
Non-Current
Liabilities
  
5,391
   
3,972
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total Liabilities
  
72,005
   
57,841
 
Commitments and Contingencies (note 7)
    
Stockholders’ Equity
      
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value — shares authorized 100,000; 0ne issued and outstanding
  
   
 
Common stock, $0.16 par value — shares authorized 120,000,000; 52,945,841 and 52,216,589 shares issued and outstanding at May 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively
  
8,471
   
8,355
 
Additional
paid-in
capital
  
257,693
   
221,937
 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
  
(19,709
)  
(11,640
)
Retained earnings
  
478,722
   
419,247
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries Stockholders’ Equity
  
725,177
   
637,899
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
 $
797,182
  $
695,740
 
         
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-
5

Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income

(in thousands, except per share)

   Year Ended May 31 
   2018  2017  2016 

Revenues

    

Product revenues

  $335,554  $306,512  $273,570 

Service revenues

   66,698   55,082   47,705 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total Revenues

   402,252   361,594   321,275 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cost of Revenues

    

Cost of product revenues

   174,067   156,568   137,766 

Cost of service revenues

   37,933   33,058   30,445 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total Cost of Revenues

   212,000   189,626   168,211 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Gross Margin

   190,252   171,968   153,064 

Operating Expenses

    

Sales and marketing

   70,909   62,424   57,599 

General and administrative

   38,294   34,214   29,189 

Research and development

   10,855   10,385   9,890 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   120,058   107,023   96,678 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating Income

   70,194   64,945   56,386 

Other Income (Expense)

    

Interest income, net

   2,043   838   322 

Royalty income

   147   171   217 

Other, net

   1,081   719   (1,412
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   3,271   1,728   (873
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income Before Income Taxes

   73,465   66,673   55,513 

Provision for Income Taxes

   10,250   22,700   18,975 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net Income

   63,215   43,973   36,538 

Net (Income) Loss Attributable toNon-controlling Interest

   (70  (180  26 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net Income Attributable to Neogen

  $63,145  $43,793  $36,564 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net Income Attributable to Neogen per Share

    

Basic

  $1.23  $0.87  $0.73 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Diluted

  $1.21  $0.86  $0.72 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

 
Year Ended May 31
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
Revenues
         
Product revenues
 $
335,539
  $
339,439
  $
331,288
 
Service revenues
  
82,631
   
74,747
   
66,642
 
             
Total Revenues
  
418,170
   
414,186
   
397,930
 
             
             
Cost of Revenues
         
Cost of product revenues
  
173,566
   
179,660
   
173,725
 
Cost of service revenues
  
48,325
   
42,606
   
37,933
 
             
Total Cost of Revenues
  
221,891
   
222,266
   
211,658
 
             
             
Gross Margin
  
196,279
   
191,920
   
186,272
 
             
Operating Expenses
         
Sales and marketing
  
69,675
   
70,230
   
66,929
 
General and administrative
  
44,331
   
40,791
   
38,294
 
Research and development
  
14,750
   
12,805
   
10,855
 
             
Total Operating Expenses
  
128,756
   
123,826
   
116,078
 
             
Operating Income
  
67,523
   
68,094
   
70,194
 
             
Other Income
         
Interest income, net
  
5,992
   
4,683
   
2,043
 
Royalty income
  
—  
   
150
   
147
 
Other, net
  
(1,210
)  
32
   
1,081
 
             
Total Other Income
  
4,782
   
4,865
   
3,271
 
             
Income Before Income Taxes
  
72,305
   
72,959
   
73,465
 
Provision for Income Taxes
  
12,830
   
12,783
   
10,250
 
             
Net Income
  
59,475
   
60,176
   
63,215
 
Net Income Attributable to
Non-controlling
Interest
  
—  
   
—  
   
(70
)
             
Net Income Attributable to Neogen
 $
59,475
  $
60,176
  $
63,145
 
             
Net Income Attributable to Neogen per Share
         
Basic
 $
1.13
  $
1.16
  $
1.23
 
Diluted
 $
1.13
  $
1.15
  $
1.21
 
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding
     
Basic
   52,550   51,888    51,358 
Diluted
   52,860   52,425    52,149 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-
6

Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(in thousands, except per share)

   Year Ended May 31 
   2018  2017  2016 

Net Income

  $63,215  $43,973  $36,538 

Other comprehensive (loss), net of tax: currency translations

   (2,543  (3,257  (1,504
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Comprehensive income

   60,672   40,716   35,034 

Comprehensive (income) loss attributable tonon-controlling interest

   (70  (180  26 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Comprehensive income attributable to Neogen

  $60,602  $40,536  $35,060 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

thousands)

 
Year Ended May 31
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
Net Income
 $
 
59,475
  $
 
60,176
  $
 
63,215
 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax: foreign currency translations
  
(8,495
)  
(1,894
)  
(2,543
)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax: unrealized gain on marketable securities
  
426
   
—  
   
—  
 
             
Comprehensive income
  
51,406
   
58,282
   
60,672
 
Comprehensive income attributable to
non-controlling
interest
  
—  
   
—  
   
(70
)
 
             
Comprehensive income attributable to Neogen
 $
51,406
  $
58,282
  $
60,602
 
             
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-
7

Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands, except shares)

              Accumulated           
   Common Stock   Additional
Paid-in
  Other
Comprehensive
  Retained   Non-
Controlling
  Total 
   Shares   Amount   Capital  Income (Loss)  Earnings   Interest  Equity 

Balance, May 31, 2015

   49,504,359   $7,921   $129,926  $(2,442 $215,569   $(11 $350,963 

Exercise of options, share-based compensation and $2,945 income tax benefit

   561,524    89    17,288       17,377 

Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan

   24,369    4    782       786 

Net income (loss) for 2016

         36,564    (26  36,538 

Other comprehensive income (loss)

        (1,504     (1,504
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, May 31, 2016

   50,090,252    8,014    147,996   (3,946  252,133    (37  404,160 

Exercise of options, share-based compensation and $3,922 income tax benefit

   817,284    131    26,589       26,720 

Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan

   24,953    4    921       925 

Purchase of minority interest

       (764      (764

Net income (loss) for 2017

         43,793    180   43,973 

Other comprehensive income (loss)

        (3,257     (3,257
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, May 31, 2017

   50,932,489    8,149    174,742   (7,203  295,926    143   471,757 

Exercise of options, share-based compensation

   781,116    125    26,992       27,117 

Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan

   22,127    4    1,048       1,052 

Purchase of minority interest

       (210     (213  (423

Net income (loss) for 2018

         63,145    70   63,215 

Other comprehensive income (loss)

        (2,543     (2,543
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, May 31, 2018

   51,735,732   $8,278   $202,572  $(9,746 $359,071   $—    $560,175 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

            
Accumulated
           
   
Common Stock
  
Additional
Paid-in
  
Other
Comprehensive
  
Retained
   
Non-
Controlling
  
Total
 
  
Shares
 
 
Amount
 
 
Capital
 
 
Income (Loss)
 
 
Earnings
 
 
Interest
 
 
Equity
 
Balance,
June
1, 2017
  
50,932,489
  $
8,149
  $
174,742
  $
(7,203
) $
295,926
  $
143
  $
471,757
 
Exercise of options and share-based compensation expense
  
781,116
   
125
   
26,992
   
—  
   
—  
   
—  
   
27,117
 
Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan
  
22,127
   
4
   
1,048
   
—  
   
—  
   
—  
   
1,052
 
Purchase of minority interest
  
—  
   
—  
   
(210
)  
—  
   
—  
   
(213
)  
(423
)
Net income for 2018
  
—  
   
—  
   
—  
   
—  
   
63,145
   
70
   
63,215
 
Other comprehensive loss
  
—  
   
—  
   
—  
   
(2,543
)  
—  
   
—  
   
(2,543
)
                             
Balance, May 31, 2018
  
51,735,732
   
8,278
   
202,572
   
(9,746
)  
359,071
   
—  
   
560,175
 
Exercise of options and share-based compensation expense
  
512,527
   
82
   
21,335
   
—  
   
—  
   
—  
   
21,417
 
Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan
  
18,330
   
3
   
1,157
   
—  
   
—  
   
—  
   
1,160
 
Shares repurchased
  
(50,000
)  
(8
)  
(3,127
)  
—  
   
—  
   
—  
   
(3,135
)
Net income for 2019
  
—  
   
—  
   
—  
   
—  
   
60,176
   
—  
   
60,176
 
Other comprehensive loss
  
—  
   
—  
   
—  
   
(1,894
)  
—  
   
—  
   
(1,894
)
                             
Balance, May 31, 2019
  
52,216,589
   
8,355
   
221,937
   
(11,640
)  
419,247
   
—  
   
637,899
 
Exercise of options and share-based compensation expense
  
707,674
   
113
   
34,566
   
—  
   
—  
   
—  
   
34,679
 
Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan
  
21,578
   
3
   
1,190
   
—  
   
—  
   
—  
   
1,193
 
Net income for 2020
  
—  
   
—  
   
—  
   
—  
   
59,475
   
—  
   
59,475
 
Other comprehensive loss
  
—  
   
—  
   
—  
   
(8,069
)  
—  
   
—  
   
(8,069
)
                             
Balance, May 31, 2020
  
52,945,841
  $
 
8,471
  $
 
257,693
  $
(19,709
) $
 
478,722
  $
—  
  $
 
725,177
 
                             
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-
8

Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

   Year Ended May 31 
   2018  2017  2016 

Cash Flows From Operating Activities

    

Net income

  $63,215  $43,973  $36,538 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided from operating activities:

    

Depreciation and amortization

   17,058   14,691   12,181 

Deferred income taxes

   (2,996  (292  1,906 

Share-based compensation

   4,909   5,261   5,468 

Excess income tax benefit from exercise of stock options

   —     (3,922  (2,945

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business acquisitions:

    

Accounts receivable

   (10,233  5,035   (6,002

Inventories

   (2,647  (6,970  (9,427

Prepaid expenses and other assets

   (2,275  812   (3,836

Accounts payable

   4,381   (1,691  704 

Accruals and other changes

   (2,281  3,377   744 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net Cash From Operating Activities

   69,131   60,274   35,331 

Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

    

Purchase of property, equipment and othernon-current intangible assets

   (20,946  (14,578  (14,222

Proceeds from the sales of marketable securities

   299,751   149,226   147,189 

Purchase of marketable securities

   (361,419  (162,755  (151,625

Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired

   (468  (34,029  (42,491
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

   (83,082  (62,136  (61,149

Cash Flows From Financing Activities

    

Exercise of stock options and other

   23,261   21,148   12,363 

Excess income tax benefit from the exercise of stock options

   —     3,922   2,945 

Purchase of minority interest

   (423  —     —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net Cash From Financing Activities

   22,838   25,070   15,308 

Effect of Exchange Rate on Cash

   (3,380  (898  (294
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents

   5,507   22,310   (10,804

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year

   77,567   55,257   66,061 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year

  $83,074  $77,567  $55,257 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Supplementary Cash Flow Information

    

Income taxes paid, net of refunds

  $11,800  $13,865  $13,413 

 
Year Ended May 31
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
         
Net income
 $
59,475
  $
60,176
  $
63,215
 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
      
Depreciation and amortization
  
18,396
   
17,624
   
17,058
 
Deferred income taxes
  
1,601
   
1,197
   
(2,996
)
Share-based compensation
  
6,468
   
5,543
   
4,909
 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business acquisitions:
         
Accounts receivable
  
(2,881
)  
(4,025
)  
(10,233
)
Inventories
  
(10,011
)  
(10,437
)  
(2,647
)
Prepaid expenses and other assets
  
(1,017
)  
(3,569
)  
(2,275
)
Accounts payable
  
6,745
   
(1,461
)  
4,381
 
Accruals and other changes
  
7,102
   
(1,206
)  
(2,281
)
             
Net Cash From Operating Activities
  
85,878
   
63,842
   
69,131
 
             
Cash Flows
For
Investing Activities
         
Purchase of property, equipment and other
non-current
intangible assets
  
(24,052
)  
(14,661
)  
(20,946
)
Proceeds from the sales of marketable securities
  
406,731
   
339,225
   
299,751
 
Purchase of marketable securities
  
(458,300
)  
(437,324
)  
(361,419
)
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired
  
(13,164
)  
(6,388
)  
(468
)
             
Net Cash
For
Investing Activities
  
(88,785
)  
(119,148
)  
(83,082
)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
         
Exercise of stock options and other
  
29,405
   
17,034
   
23,261
 
Repurchase of common stock
  
—  
   
(3,135
)  
—  
 
Purchase of
non-controlling
minority interest
  
—  
   
—  
   
(423
)
             
Net Cash From Financing Activities
  
29,405
   
13,899
   
22,838
 
Effect of
Foreign
Exchange Rate on Cash
  
(1,917
)  
21
   
(3,380
)
             
Net
Increase
(Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
  
24,581
   
(41,386
)  
5,507
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year
  
41,688
   
83,074
   
77,567
 
             
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year
 $
66,269
  $
41,688
  $
83,074
 
             
Supplementary Cash Flow Information
         
Income taxes paid, net of refunds
 $
7,364
  $
13,027
  $
14,966
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-
9

Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

Neogen Corporation develops, manufactures and markets a diverse line of products and services dedicated to food and animal safety.

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Neogen Corporation and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned as of May 31, 2018.2020. Neogen Latinoamérica was 100% and 90% owned as of May 31, 20182020 and 2017. WeMay 31, 2019; Neogen purchased all shares owned by the minority interest owner on December 31, 2017, which increased ourits ownership in Neogen Latinoamérica from 90% to 100%. For Neogen do Brasil, we purchased the 10% owned by the two minority interest owners on February 28, 2017, which increased our ownership interest to 100%.Non-controlling interest represents theThe
non-controlling owners’ proportionate share in the equity of these subsidiaries; thenon-controlling
owners’ proportionate share in the income or losses of the subsidiaries is
was
 subtracted from, or added to, ourNeogen’s net income to calculate the net income attributable to Neogen Corporation.

All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Share and per share amounts reflect the December 29, 20174-for-3
4-for-3
stock split as if it took place at the beginning of the period
s
presented.

Use

Functional Currency
Our functional currency is the U.S. dollar. We translate our non-U.S. operations’ assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies into U.S. dollars at current rates of Estimates

The preparationexchange as of the balance sheet date and income and expense items at the average exchange rate for the reporting period. Translation adjustments resulting from exchange rate fluctuations are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). Gains or losses from foreign currency transactions are included in other income (expense) on our consolidated statement of income.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
Leases
On June 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU
No. 2016-02—
Leases (Topic 842). Refer to the Leases section of Note 1 for further information.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
Financial Instruments- Credit Losses
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.
2016-13—Measurement
of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes how companies measure credit losses on most financial statements in conformity with U.S.instruments measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments, such as loans, receivables and
held-to-maturity
debt securities. Rather than generally accepted accounting principlesrecognizing credit losses when it is probable that the loss has been incurred, the revised guidance requires managementcompanies to make estimatesrecognize an allowance for credit losses for the difference between the amortized cost basis of a financial instrument and assumptionsthe amount of amortized cost that affect the amounts reported incompany expects to collect over the instrument’s contractual life. ASU
2016-13
is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and must be adopted as a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings. Adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements due to the Company’s short-term contractual life of receivables and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates impactingminimal expected losses.
Fair Value Measurements
In August 2018, the accompanyingFASB issued ASU
2018-3,
Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which modifies the disclosure requirements of fair value measurements. ASU
2018-13
is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Adoption of this guidance will not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements includestatements.
Cloud Computing Implementation Cost
In August 2018, the allowanceFASB issued ASU
2018-15,
Intangible-Goodwill and Other
Internal-Use
Software (Subtopic
350-40):
Customer’s Accounting for uncollectible accounts receivable, inventory valuation and intangible assets.

Implementation Cost Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which clarifies the accounting for implementation costs in cloud computing arrangements. ASU

2018-15
is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Adoption of this guidance will not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.
F-10

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income represents net income and any revenues, expenses, gains and losses that, under U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles
, are excluded from net income and recognized directly as a component of stockholders’ equity. Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consists solely of foreign currency translation adjustments.

adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on our marketable securities.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments other than cash equivalents and marketable securities, which include accounts receivable and accounts payable, approximate fair value based on either their short maturity or current terms for similar instruments.
Fair value measurements are determined based upon the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants exclusive of any transaction costs. The Company utilizes a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs used in valuation techniques as follows:
Level 1:
Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;
Level 2:
Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3:
Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of bank demand accounts, savings deposits, certificates of deposit and commercial paper with original maturities of 90
days or less. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained at financial institutions and, at times, balances may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced losses related to these balances and believes it is not exposed to significant credit risk regarding its cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents were
$66,269,000 and $41,688,000 at May 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The carrying value of these assets approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments and is classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.
Cash held by foreign subsidiaries was $13,060,000 and $8,711,000 at May 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Marketable Securities
The Company has marketable securities held by banks or broker-dealers at May 31, 2020, consisting of short-term domestic certificates of deposit of $16,848,000 and commercial paper and U.S. treasuries rated at least
A-1/P-1
(short-term) and A/A2 (long-term) with original maturities between 91 days and two years of $260,556,000. Total outstanding marketable securities at May 31, 2020 were $277,404,000; there were $225,836,000 in marketable securities outstanding at May 31, 2019.
Changes in market value are monitored and recorded on a monthly basis; in the event of a downgrade in credit quality subsequent to purchase, the marketable security investment is evaluated to determine the appropriate action to take to minimize the overall risk to our marketable security portfolio. These securities are classified as available for sale. The primary objective of management’s short-term investment activity is to preserve capital for the purpose of funding
current
operations, capital expenditures and business acquisitions; short-term investments are not entered into for trading or speculative purposes. These securities are recorded at fair value based on recent trades or pricing models and therefore meet the Level 2 criteria. Interest income on these investments is recorded within other income on the income statement. Adjustments in the fair value of these assets are recorded in other comprehensive income.
F-11

Marketable Securities as of May 31, 2020 and 2019 are listed below by classification and remaining maturities.
  
 
 
Year ended May 31
 
(in thousands)
 
Maturity
 
 
2020
 
  
2019
 
US Treasuries
 
0 – 90 days
  $
—  
  $
2,470
 
 
91 –180 days
   
—  
   
—  
 
 
181 days –1 year
   
2,532
   
2,435
 
 
1 – 2 years
   
—  
   
2,505
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Paper
 & Corporate Bonds
 
0 – 90 days
   
133,130
   
84,338
 
 
91 – 180 days
   
73,824
   
47,960
 
 
181 days –1 year
   
43,231
   
34,369
 
 
1 – 2 years
   
7,839
   
34,078
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certificates of Deposit
 
0 – 90 days
   
1,003
   
7,732
 
 
91 – 180 days
   
5,184
   
5,000
 
 
181 days –1 year
   
6,069
   
750
 
 
1 – 2 years
   
4,592
   
4,199
 
             
Total Marketable Securities
  $
277,404
  $
225,836
 
           
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The components of marketable securities at May 31, 2020 are as follows:
 
  
Amortized
 
  
Unrealized
 
  
Unrealized
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
  
Cost
 
  
Gains
 
  
Losses
 
 
Fair Value
 
US Treasuries
  
$
2,502
 
  
$
30
 
  
$
—  
 
 
$
2,532
 
Commercial Paper & Corporate Bonds
  
 
257,700
 
  
 
347
 
  
 
(23
 
 
258,024
 
Certificates of Deposit
  
 
16,648
 
  
 
200
 
  
 
—  
 
 
 
16,848
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Marketable Securities
  
$
 276,850
 
  
$
577
 
  
$
(23
 
$
 277,404
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F-1
2

Use of Estimates
The preparation of these financial statements requires that management make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates the estimates, including, but not limited to, variable consideration related to revenue recognition, allowances for doubtful accounts, the market value of, and demand for, inventories, stock-based compensation, provision for income taxes and related balance sheet accounts, accruals, goodwill and other intangible assets. We believe that these estimates have the greatest potential impact on our financial statements, so we consider them to be our critical accounting policies and estimates. These estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Though the impact of the
COVID-19
pandemic to our business and operating results presents additional uncertainty, we continue to use the best information available to inform our critical accounting estimates. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Accounts Receivable and Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments which potentially subject usNeogen to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of accounts receivable. Management attempts to minimize credit risk by reviewing customers’ credit historyhistories before extending credit and by monitoring credit exposure on a regular basis. An allowance for doubtful accounts on accounts receivable is established based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends and other information. Collateral or other security is generally not required for accounts receivable. Once a receivable balance has been determined to be uncollectible, generally after all collection efforts have been exhausted, that amount is charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts. No customer accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable at May 31, 20182020 or 2017,2019, respectively. The activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows:

   Year ended May 31 
(in thousands)  2018   2017   2016 

Beginning Balance

  $2,000   $1,500   $1,300 

Provision

   152    645    305 

Recoveries

   40    25    90 

Write-offs

   (642   (170   (195
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending Balance

  $1,550   $2,000   $1,500 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of our financial instruments other than cash equivalents and marketable securities, which include accounts receivable and accounts payable, approximate fair value based on either their short maturity or current terms for similar instruments.

Fair value measurements are determined based upon the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants exclusive of any transaction costs. We utilize a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs used in valuation techniques as follows:

Level 1:

Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2:

Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3:

Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of bank demand accounts, savings deposits, certificates of deposit and commercial paper with original maturities of 90 days or less. Cash and cash equivalents were $83,074,000 and $77,567,000 at May 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The carrying value of these assets approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments and meets the Level 1 criteria. Cash held by foreign subsidiaries was $7,101,000 and $8,132,000 at May 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Marketable Securities

We have marketable securities held by banks or broker-dealers at May 31, 2018, consisting of short-term domestic certificates of deposit of $27,400,000 and commercial paper rated at leastA-2/P-2 with maturities between 91 days and one year of $100,336,000. Total outstanding marketable securities at May 31, 2018 was $127,736,000; there were $66,068,000 in marketable securities outstanding at May 31, 2017. These securities are classified as available for sale. The primary objective of our short-term investment activity is to preserve capital for the purpose of funding operations, capital expenditures and business acquisitions; short-term investments are not entered into for trading or speculative purposes. These securities are recorded at fair value (that approximates cost) based on recent trades or pricing models and therefore meet the Level 2 criteria. Interest income on these investments is recorded within Other Income on the income statement.

   
Year ended May 31
 
(in thousands)
  
2020
   
2019
   
2018
 
Beginning Balance
 $
1,700
  $
1,550
  $
2,000
 
Provision
  
393
   
263
   
152
 
Recoveries
  
49
   
38
   
40
 
Write-offs
  
(792
)  
(151
)  
(642
)
             
Ending Balance
 $
 
1,350
  $
 
1,700
  $
 
1,550
 
             
Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, determined on the
first-in,
first-out
method. The components of inventories were as follows:

   Year ended May 31 
(in thousands)  2018   2017 

Raw Materials

  $36,702   $33,190 

Work-in-process

   5,993    4,831 

Finished goods

   33,310    35,123 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $76,005   $73,144 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Our

 
Year ended May 31
 
(in thousands)
 
2020
 
  
2019
 
Raw Materials
 $
45,058
  $
41,594
 
Work-in-process
  
6,887
   
5,581
 
Finished goods
  
43,108
   
38,817
 
         
 $
 
95,053
  $
 
85,992
 
         
The Company’s inventories are analyzed for slow moving, expired and obsolete items no less frequently thanon a quarterly basis and the valuation allowance is adjusted as required.required within cost of sales expense. The valuation allowance for inventory
was $2,200,000 $
2,850,000
and $2,000,000 $
2,250,000
at May 
31 2018
,
2020
and 2017,
2019
, respectively.

F-13

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is stated at cost. Expenditures for major improvements are capitalized while repairs and maintenance are charged to expense.
expense
 as incurred
.
Depreciation is provided on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which are generally
seven
to
39
years for buildings and improvements and
three
to
ten
years for furniture, fixtures, machinery and equipment. Depreciation expense was $10,315,000, $8,783,000 $
11,907,000
, $
11,315,000
and $7,452,000 $
10,315,000
in fiscal years
2020
,
2019
and
2018 2017 and 2016,
, respectively.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of tangible net assets of acquired businesses after amounts are allocated to other identifiable intangible assets. Other intangible assets include customer relationships, trademarks, licenses, trade names, covenants
not-to-compete
and patents. Amortizable intangible assets are amortized on either an accelerated or a straight-line basis, generally over 5 to 25 years. We reviewManagement reviews the carrying amounts of goodwill and other
non-amortizable
intangible assets annually, or when indications of impairment exist, to determine if such assets may be impaired by
.
In evaluating goodwill for impairment, we have the option to first assess the qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the goodwill impairment test. In contrast, we can opt to bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly to assessing the fair value of all of our reporting units and compare the fair value of the reporting unit to carrying value to determine if any impairment is necessary. Doing so does not preclude us from performing the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, we elected to bypass the qualitative approach that allows the assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a quantitative assessment. reporting unit is less than its carrying amount and instead proceeded directly to assessing the fair value of all of our reporting units and comparing the fair values of the reporting units to the carrying values to determine if any impairment is necessary
.
If the carrying amounts of these assets are deemed to be less than fair value based upon a discounted cash flow analysis and comparison to comparable earnings multiples of peer companies, such assets are reduced to their estimated fair value and a charge is made to operations.
NaN goodwill impairments were identified during the years ended May 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
The remaining weighted-average amortization period for intangibles was 119 years and 10 years at both May 31, 20182020 and May 31, 2017,2019, respectively.

Long-lived Assets

Management reviews the carrying values of its long-lived assets to be held and used, including definite-lived intangible assets, for possible impairment whenever events or changes in business conditions warrant such a review. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired when the anticipated separately identifiable undiscounted cash flows over the remaining useful life of the asset are less than the carrying value of the asset. In such an event, fair value is determined using discounted cash flows, and if lower than the carrying value, impairment is recognized through a charge to operations.

NaN impairments of long-lived assets were identified during the years ended May 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Reclassifications

Certain immaterial amounts in the fiscal 20172019 and 20162018 financial statements have been reclassified to conform towith the fiscal 20182020 presentation.

Stock Options

Equity Compensation Plans
At May 31, 2018, we2020, the Company had stock option plans which are described more fully in Note 5.

5 to the consolidated financial statements.

The weighted-average fair value per share of stock options granted during fiscal years 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, was $14.47, $11.89$15.56, $14.91 and $9.83,$14.47, respectively. The fair value of stock options granted was estimated using the following weighted-average assumptions:

   Year ended May 31 
   2018   2017   2016 

Risk-free interest rate

   1.6%    1.2%    1.2% 

Expected dividend yield

   0.0%    0.0%    0.0% 

Expected stock volatility

   27.7%    35.2%    33.3% 

Expected option life

   4.0 years        4.0 years        4.0 years     

 
Year ended May 31
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
Risk-free interest rate
  
1.9%
   
2.6%
   
1.6%
 
Expected dividend yield
  
0.0%
   
0.0%
   
0.0%
 
Expected stock volatility
  
29.4%
   
27.0%
   
27.7%
 
Expected option life
  
3.5
 
years
   
3.5 years
   
4.0 years
 
The risk-free interest rate for periods within the expected life of options granted is based on the United States Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. Expected stock price volatility is based on historical volatility of ourthe Company’s stock. The expected option life, representing the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding, is based on historical option exercise and employee termination data. PriorWe include recent historical experience in estimating our forfeitures. As employees terminate, grant tranches expire or as forfeitures are known, estimated expense is adjusted to the fiscal 2017 grants, we recognized the fair value of stock options using the accelerated method over their requisite service periods which we have determined to be the vesting periods; foractual. For options granted in fiscal years 20172020, 2019 and 2018, we recognizedthe Company recorded charges in general and administrative expense based on the fair value of stock options using the straight-line method.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue from products and services is recognized whenmethod over the product has been shipped or the service performed, the sales price is fixed and determinable, and collection of any receivable is probable. To the extent that customer payment has been received before all recognition criteria are met, these revenues are initially deferred and later recognized in thevesting period, that all recognition criteria have been met. Customer credits for sales returns, pricing and other disputes, and other related matters (including volume rebates offered to certain distributors as marketing support) represent approximately 3% of reported net revenue in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs that are charged to and reimbursed by the customer are recognized as revenues, while the related expenses incurred by Neogen are recorded in sales and marketing expense; these expenses totaled $12,147,000, $10,185,000 and $9,734,000 in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

generally five years.

F-14

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and for tax credit carryforwards and are measured using the enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred income tax expense represents the change in net deferred income tax assets and liabilities during the year.

Our wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries are comprised of Neogen Europe, Lab M Holdings,Ltd, Quat-Chem Ltd, Abtek (Biologicals) Ltd, Neogen Italia S.r.l., Neogen do Brasil, Deoxi Biotecnologia Ltda, Rogama Industria e Comercio Ltda, Acumedia do Brasil, Neogen Latinoamérica, Productos Quimicos Magiar S.A., Neogen Uruguay, Neogen Chile SpA, Neogen
Bio-Scientific
Technology Co (Shanghai), Neogen Food and Animal Security (India), Neogen Canada, and Neogen Australasia Pty Limited. Based on historical experience, as well as ourmanagement’s future plans, earnings from these subsidiaries are expected to be
re-invested
indefinitely for future expansion and working capital needs. Furthermore, our domestic operations have historically produced sufficient operating cash flow to mitigate the need to remit foreign earnings. On an annual basis, we evaluate the current business environment and whether any new events or other external changes might require a
re-evaluation
of the decision to indefinitely
re-invest
foreign earnings. At May 31, 2018, unremittedIt is not practicable to determine the income tax liability that would be payable if such earnings of our foreign subsidiaries were $43,784,000.

not reinvested indefinitely.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “U.S. Tax Act)Act”) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include a federal corporate tax rate decreasereduced from 35% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system, and a
one-time
transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118) was issuedThe U.S. Tax Act also includes a provision to address the application of U.S. GAAP to situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain tax global intangible
low-taxed
income tax effects of the Tax Act. In accordance with SAB 118, we have determined that the $6.0 million of deferred tax benefit recorded in connection with the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities and the $1.2 million of current tax expense recorded in connection with the transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation(GILTI) of foreign earnings wassubsidiaries and a provisional amount at May 31,deduction for foreign derived intangible income (FDII), both of which became effective for us beginning June 1, 2018. Any subsequent adjustmentSee Note 6 to these amounts will be recorded to current tax expense in the quarter of 2019 when anyconsolidated financial statements for further analysis of our deferred tax assets and liabilities and our historical foreign earnings is completed.

information.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs, which consist primarily of compensation costs, administrative expenses and new product development, among other items, are expensed as incurred.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed within sales and marketing as incurred and totaled $1,699,000, $1,643,000
$1,454,000, $1,471,000 and $1,463,000$1,411,000 in fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

F-15

Net Income Attributable to Neogen per Share

Basic net income per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each year. Diluted earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding. Our dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the years result entirely from dilutive stock options. The following table presents the net income per share calculations:

   Year ended May 31 
(in thousands, except per share)  2018   2017   2016 

Numerator for basic and diluted net income per share - Net Income attributable to Neogen

  $63,145   $43,793   $36,564 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Denominator for basic net income per share - Weighted average shares

   51,358    50,544    49,869 

Effect of dilutive stock options

   791    621    631 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Denominator for diluted net income per share

   52,149    51,165    50,500 

Net income attributable to Neogen per share

      

Basic

  $1.23   $0.87   $0.73 

Diluted

  $1.21   $0.86   $0.72 

 
Year ended May 31
 
(in thousands, except per share)
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
Numerator for basic and diluted net income per share - Net Income attributable to Neogen
 $
 
59,475
  $
 
60,176
  $
 
63,145
 
Denominator for basic net income per share - Weighted average shares
  
52,550
   
51,888
   
51,358
 
Effect of dilutive stock options
  
310
   
537
   
791
 
             
Denominator for diluted net income per share
  
52,860
   
52,425
   
52,149
 
Net income attributable to Neogen per share
         
Basic
 $
1.13
  $
1.16
  $
1.23
 
Diluted
 $
1.13
  $
1.15
  $
1.21
 
At May 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016,2020, 28,000 potential shares from option exercises were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share, as the option exercise prices exceeded the average market price of the common stock exceeded the option exercise price for all outstanding options; therefore, noshares. At May 31, 2019, 5
,
000 potential shares were excluded from the diluted net income per share computation.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In At May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No.2014-09—Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The new standard outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most

current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The core principle of the revenue model is that an entity

should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration

to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard is designed to create greater comparability for financial statement users across industries and jurisdictions and also requires enhanced disclosures. In April 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards UpdateNo. 2016-10— Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which amends and adds clarity to certain aspects of the guidance set forth in ASU2014-09 related to identifying performance obligations and licensing. The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. The guidance permits two methods of adoption: a full retrospective method to each prior reporting period presented or a modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application. Our internal task force identified31, 2018, all revenue streams at each significant subsidiary and reviewed contracts to evaluate the impact of adopting the new standard on our revenue recognition policies, procedures and control framework and ultimately on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In our review of contracts in each revenue stream, we noted no material impactpotential shares were included in the implementation of the standard. We have determined the impact of adopting the standard on our control framework and noted minimal, insignificant changes to our system and other controls processes. We adopted this standard oncomputation.

Leases
On June 1, 20182019, we adopted Topic 842 using the full retrospective approach. Thisprospective approach was chosenand did not retrospectively apply to provide appropriate comparisons against our prior year financial statements. We are finalizingperiods. Topic 842 requires the impact of this ASU on the disclosures for our financial statement footnotes and expect the disclosuresCompany to be enhanced in the first quarter of fiscal 2019.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.2016-02—Leases to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a

right-of-use
asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. Upon adoption of Topic 842, we recognized all leases with terms greater than 12 months in duration on our consolidated balance sheets as
right-of-use
assets and lease liabilities
, each at an approximate balance
of
$
2.0
 million.
Right-of-use
assets are recorded in other assets on our consolidated balance sheets. Current and
non-current
lease liabilities are recorded in other accruals within current liabilities and other
non-current
liabilities, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets. The recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessor have not significantly changed from previous U.S. GAAP. This ASU is effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018; early adoption is permitted. Modified retrospective application is permitted with certain practical expedients.
We will adopt this ASU on June 1, 2019lease various manufacturing, laboratory, warehousing and are currently in the process of evaluatingdistribution facilities, administrative and sales offices, equipment and vehicles under operating leases. We evaluate our lessee and lessor arrangementscontracts to determine the impact of this amendment on our consolidated financial conditionif an arrangement is a lease at inception and results of operations. This evaluation includesclassify it as a review of revenue through leasing arrangements as well as lease expenses, which are primarily throughfinance or operating lease arrangements at mostlease. Currently, all of our facilities.

In March 2016,leases are classified as operating leases. Leased assets and corresponding liabilities are recognized based on the FASB issued ASUNo. 2016-09—Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee

Share-Based Payment Accounting to provide guidance that changes the accounting for certain aspects of share-based payments to

employees. The guidance requires the recognitionpresent value of the income tax effects of awards inlease payments over the income statement when the awards vest or are settled, thus eliminating additionalpaid-in capital pools. The guidance also allows for the employerlease term. Our lease terms may include options to repurchase more of an

employee’s shares for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting. In addition, the guidance allows for a policy

election to account for forfeitures as they occur rather than on an estimated basis. We adopted this standard effective June 1,

2017. Adoption of this ASU decreased income tax expense by $4,816,000 in fiscal 2018; refer to Note 6 of our Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2016-13—Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes how companies measure credit losses on most financial instruments measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments, such as loans, receivables andheld-to-maturity debt securities. Rather than generally recognizing credit lossesextend when it is probablereasonably certain that we will exercise that option.

We have made certain assumptions and judgments when applying ASC 842, the loss has been incurred,most significant of which are:
We elected the package of practical expedients available for transition that allow us to not reassess whether expired or existing contracts contain leases under the new definition of a lease, lease classification for expired or existing leases and whether previously capitalized initial direct costs would qualify for capitalization under ASC 842.
We did not elect to use hindsight when considering judgments and estimates such as assessments of lessee options to extend or terminate a lease or purchase the underlying asset.
For all asset classes, we elected to not recognize a
right-of-use
asset and lease liability for short-term leases (i.e. leases with a term of 12 months or less).
For all asset classes, we elected to not separate
non-lease
components from lease components to which they relate and have accounted for the combined lease and
non-lease
components as a single lease component.
The determination of the discount rate used in a lease is our incremental borrowing rate that is based on what we would normally pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term
for
an amount equal to the lease payments.
F-16

Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases was as follows:
(in thousands)
May 31,
2020
Right of use
assets
$
1,952
Lease liabilities
current
1,054
Lease liabilities
non-current
913
The weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate were as follows:
May 31,
2020
Weighted average remaining lease term
2.5 years
Weighted average discount rate
3.2
%
Operating lease expenses are classified as cost of revenues or operating expenses on the revised guidance requires companies to recognize an allowanceconsolidated statements of income. The components of lease expense were as follows:
(in thousands)
  
Year Ended
May 31, 2020
 
Operating leases
 $
  1,207
 
Short term leases
  
166
 
     
Total lease expense
 $
1,373
 
     
Cash paid for credit lossesamounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities for the difference between the amortized cost basis of a financial instrument and the amount of amortized cost that the company expects to collect over the instrument’s contractual life. ASU2016-13 is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and must be adopted as a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings. Early adoption is permitted. We do not believe adoption of this guidance will have an impactoperating leases included in cash flows from operations on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2016-15—Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force). The amendments in ASU2016-15 address eight specific cash flow issues and apply to all entities that are required to present a statement of cash flows were approximately $1,178,000 for the year ended May 31, 2020. There were 0

non-cash
additions to
right-of-use
assets obtained from new operating lease liabilities for the year ended May 31, 2020.
Undiscounted fut
u
re minimum lease payments as of May 31, 2020 were as follows:
(in thousands)
  
Amount
 
Years ending May 31, 2021
 $
  1,080
 
2022
  
546
 
2023
  
286
 
2024
  
141
 
2025 and thereafter
  
41
 
     
Total lease payments
  
2,094
 
Less: imputed interest
  
(112
)
     
Total lease liabilities
 $
1,982
 
     
At May 31, 2019, under FASB Accounting Standards Codification (FASB ASC) 230, StatementASC 840, Leases, the minimum annual rental payments under our lease agreements were as follows: $1,112,000 in 2020; $810,000 in 2021; $297,000 in 2022; $101,000 in 2023; and none thereafter.
F-17

Revenue Recognition
On June 1, 2018, Neogen adopted ASC Topic 606—Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) using the full retrospective approach.
We determine the amount of Cash Flows.revenue to be recognized through application of the following steps:
Identification of the contract with a customer;
Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;
Determination of the transaction price;
Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
Recognition of revenue when or as the Company satisfies the performance obligations.
Essentially all of Neogen’s revenue is generated through contracts with its customers. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a product or service to a customer. We generally recognized revenue at a point in time when all of our performance obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products and services in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. The amendmentscollectability of consideration on the contract is reasonably assured before revenue is recognized. To the extent that customer payment has been received before all recognition criteria are met, these revenues are initially deferred in ASU2016-15other accruals on the balance sheet and the revenue is recognized in the period that all recognition criteria have been met.
Certain agreements with customers include discounts or rebates on the sale of products and services applied retrospectively, such as volume rebates achieved by purchasing a specified purchase threshold of goods and services. We account for these discounts as variable consideration and estimate the likelihood of a customer meeting the threshold in order to determine the transaction price using the most predictive approach. We typically use the most-likely-amount method, for incentives that are effectiveoffered to individual customers, and the expected-value method, for public business entitiesprograms that are offered to a broad group of customers. Variable consideration reduces the amount of revenue that is recognized. Rebate obligations related to customer incentive programs are recorded in accrued liabilities; the rebate estimates are adjusted at the end of each applicable measurement period based on information currently available.
The performance obligations in Neogen’s contracts are generally satisfied well within one year of contract inception. In suc
h
 cases, management has elected the practical expedient to not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component. Management has elected to utilize the practical expedient to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense
when incurred because the amortization period for the prepaid costs that would otherwise have been deferred and amortized is one year or less. We account for shipping and handling for products as a fulfillment activity when goods are shipped. Shipping and handling costs that are charged to and reimbursed by the customer are recognized as revenues, while the related expenses incurred by
Neogen
are recorded in sales and marketing expense; these expenses totaled $
13,514,000
, $
13,503,000
and $
12,147,000
in fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Revenue is recognized net of any tax collected from customers; the taxes are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Our terms and conditions of sale generally do not provide for returns of product or
reperformance
of service except in the case of quality or warranty issues.
Th
e
se situations are infrequent; due to immateriality of the amount, warranty claims are recorded in the period incurred.
The Company derives revenue from two primary sources — product revenue and service revenue.
Product revenue consists primarily of shipments of:
Diagnostic test kits, culture media and related products used by food producers and processors to detect harmful natural toxins, foodborne bacteria, allergens and levels of general sanitation;
Consumable products marketed to veterinarians, retailers, livestock producers and animal health product distributors; and
Rodenticides, disinfectants and insecticides to assist in the control of rodents, insects and disease in and around agricultural, food production and other facilities.
Revenue for Neogen’s products are recognized and invoiced when the product is shipped to the customer.
Service revenue consists primarily of:
Genomic identification and related interpretive bioinformatic services; and
Other commercial laboratory services.
Revenues for Neogen’s genomics and commercial laboratory services are recognized and invoiced when the applicable laboratory service is performed and the results are conveyed to the customer.
Payment terms for products and services are generally 30 to 60 days.
F-1
8

The following table presents disaggregated revenue by major product and service categories for the years ended May 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018:
   
Year Ended
 
       
Increase/
       
Increase/
     
(dollars in thousands)
  
May 31, 2020
   
(Decrease)
   
May 31, 2019
   
(Decrease)
   
May 31, 2018
 
Food Safety:
          
Natural Toxins, Allergens & Drug Residues
 $
76,207
   
(3
)%
 $
78,373
   
7
% $
72,962
 
Bacterial & General Sanitation
  
41,780
   
(0
)%  
41,966
   
10
%  
38,156
 
Culture Media & Other
  
47,847
   
(4
)%  
49,857
   
13
%  
44,271
 
Rodenticides, Insecticides & Disinfectants
  
28,890
   
13
%  
25,584
   
7
%  
23,821
 
Genomics Services
  
17,967
   
2
%  
17,694
   
16
%  
15,267
 
                     
  
212,691
   
(0
)%  
213,474
   
10
%  
194,477
 
Animal Safety:
               
Life Sciences
  
6,322
   
(20
)%  
7,858
   
(25
)%  
10,411
 
Veterinary Instruments & Disposables
  
42,941
   
(4
)%  
44,582
   
(7
)%  
47,749
 
Animal Care & Other
  
28,389
   
(5
)%  
29,941
   
(3
)%  
30,930
 
Rodenticides, Insecticides & Disinfectants
  
68,815
   
4
%  
66,389
   
(2
)%  
67,646
 
Genomics Services
  
59,012
   
14
%  
51,942
   
11
%  
46,717
 
                     
  
205,479
   
2
%  
200,712
   
(1
)%  
203,453
 
                     
Total Revenue
 $
  418,170
   
1
% $
  414,186
   
4
% $
  397,930
 
                     
See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for disaggregated revenues by
geographical
location.
Revision of Previously Issued Financial Statements
The Company has historically classified certain variable consideration components resulting from volume rebates, distributor support, and other marketing discounts as cost of revenues or sales and marketing expense in its consolidated financial statements of income. These amounts should have been classified as contra revenue in product or service revenues. We had determined in prior periods that the misstatements were clearly immaterial, individually and in the aggregate, to each of the reporting periods affected. The Company began properly classifying these items as contra revenues beginning in the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019 and revised the financials for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption during an interim period. We will adopt this ASU on June 1, 2019 and are currently evaluating itsyear 2018 to conform to the current period presentation. These immaterial adjustments had no impact on Neogen’s operating income, income before taxes, net income or reported earnings per share, and no change to stockholders’ equity.
Presented below are the effects of the revisions on the line items within our previously issued consolidated financial statements.

statements of income for the year ended May 31, 2018. Revised consolidated statements of income related to these periods are presented in this Form 10-K.​​​​​​​
F-
20

 
Year Ended
May 31, 2018
 
   
As
Previously
Reported
   
Adjustments
  
As Revised
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
         
Product revenues
 $
  335,554
  $
  (4,266
) $
  331,288
 
Service revenues
  
66,698
   
(56
)  
66,642
 
             
Total revenues
  
402,252
   
(4,322
)  
397,930
 
Cost of revenues
         
Cost of product revenues
  
174,067
   
(342
)  
173,725
 
Cost of service revenues
  
37,933
   
—  
   
37,933
 
             
Total cost of revenues
  
212,000
   
(342
)  
211,658
 
             
Gross margin
  
190,252
   
(3,980
)  
186,272
 
Operating expenses
         
Sales and marketing
  
70,909
   
(3,980
)  
66,929
 
             
Total operating expenses
  
120,058
   
(3,980
)  
116,078
 
             
Operating income
  
70,194
   
—  
   
70,194
 
             
The revisions had no impact our audited consolidated statement of equity or audited consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended May 31, 2018.
2.Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Management has completed the annual impairment analysis of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives using a quantitative assessment as of the first day of the fourth quarter of fiscal years 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively, and determined that recorded amounts were not considered impaired and that no write-down was necessary.

The following table
summarizes
goodwill by reportable segment:

(in thousands)  Food Safety   Animal Safety   Total 

Balance, May 31, 2016

  $26,889   $61,617   $88,506 

Goodwill acquired

   19,051    —      19,051 

Goodwill adjustments and/or currency (1)

   (20   (2,778   (2,798
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, May 31, 2017

  $45,920   $58,839   $104,759 

Goodwill acquired

   —      757    757 

Goodwill adjustments and/or currency (1)

   (5,919   (39   (5,958
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, May 31, 2018

  $40,001   $59,557   $99,558 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(in thousands)
 
Food Safety
 
 
Animal Safety
 
 
Total
 
Balance, May 31, 2018
 $
  40,001
  $
  59,557
  $
99,558
 
Goodwill acquired
  
3,796
   
1,196
   
4,992
 
Goodwill and/or currency adjustments (1)
  
(1,244
)  
313
   
(931
)
             
Balance, May 31, 2019
 $
42,553
  $
61,066
  $
103,619
 
Goodwill acquired
  
6,254
   
2,095
   
8,349
 
Goodwill and/or currency adjustments
 
(1)
  
(1,592
)  
(36
)  
(1,628
)
             
Balance, May 31, 2020
 $
47,215
  $
63,125
  $
110,340
 
             
(1)
Includes final purchase price allocation adjustment.adjustments and currency adjustments for goodwill recorded at international locations.

At May 31, 2018,2020,
non-amortizable
intangible assets included licenses of $569,000, trademarks of $12,989,000$13,424,000 and other intangibles of $1,224,000. At May 31, 2017,2019,
non-amortizable
intangible assets included licenses of $569,000, trademarks of $12,530,000$13,717,000 and other intangibles of $1,224,000.

F-21

Amortizable intangible assets consisted of the following and are included in customer-based intangible
intangibles
and other
non-current
assets within the consolidated balance sheets:

(in thousands)  Gross
Carrying
Amount
   Less
Accumulated
Amortization
   Net
Carrying
Amount
 

Licenses

  $9,491   $2,523   $6,968 

Covenants not to compete

   801    483    318 

Patents

   9,693    5,013    4,680 

Customer-based intangibles

   56,420    24,579    31,841 

Other products and service-related intangibles

   15,299    4,451    10,848 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, May 31, 2018

  $91,704   $37,049   $54,655 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Licenses

  $5,989   $2,011   $3,978 

Covenants not to compete

   1,208    309    899 

Patents

   9,304    4,601    4,703 

Customer-based intangibles

   56,829    20,846    35,983 

Other products and service-related intangibles

   12,065    3,010    9,055 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, May 31, 2017

  $85,395   $30,777   $54,618 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(in thousands)
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
 
Less
Accumulated
Amortization
 
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Licenses
 $
10,346
  $
3,330
  $
7,016
 
Covenants not to compete
  
706
   
407
   
299
 
Patents
  
8,509
   
4,118
   
4,391
 
Customer-based intangibles
  
59,847
   
29,898
   
29,949
 
Other products and service-related intangibles
  
16,646
   
6,937
   
9,709
 
             
Balance, May 31, 2020
 $
96,054
  $
44,690
  $
51,364
 
             
Licenses
 $
9,813
  $
3,182
  $
6,631
 
Covenants not to compete
  
862
   
542
   
320
 
Patents
  
8,158
   
3,570
   
4,588
 
Customer-based intangibles
  
57,634
   
28,017
   
29,617
 
Other products and service-related intangibles
  
16,464
   
5,524
   
10,940
 
             
Balance, May 31, 2019
 $
92,931
  $
40,835
  $
52,096
 
             
Amortization expense for intangibles totaled $6,743,000, $5,908,000$6,489,000, $6,309,000 and $4,730,000$6,743,000 in fiscal years 2018, 2017,2020, 2019, and 2016,2018, respectively. The estimated amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years is as follows: $6,179,000 in 2019, $5,865,000 in 2020, $5,435,000$6,573,000 in 2021, $5,048,000$6,445,000 in 2022, $6,006,000 in 2023, $5,700,000 in 2024 and $4,702,000$5,370,000 in 2023.2025. The amortizable intangible assets useful lives are 2 to 20 years for licenses, 53 to 13 years for covenants not to compete, 5 to 25 years for patents, 5 to 20 years for customer-based intangibles and 25 to 20 years for other product and service-related intangibles, which primarily consist of product formulations. All definite-lived intangibles are amortized on a straight linestraight-line basis with the exception of definite-lived customer-based intangibles and product and service-related intangibles, which are amortized on either a straight-line or an accelerated basis.

3.
Business Combinations

The Consolidated Statements of Income reflect the results of operations for business acquisitions since the respective dates of purchase. All are accounted for using the acquisition method. Goodwill recognized in the acquisitions described below relates primarily to enhancing ourthe Company’s strategic platform for the expansion of available product offerings.

Fiscal 2016

On June 1, 2015, we acquired the assets of Sterling Test House, a commercial food testing laboratory based in India. Consideration for the purchase was $1,118,000 in cash and approximately $102,000 of a contingent consideration liability, due in installments on the first two anniversary dates, based on an excess sales formula. The final purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included accounts receivable of $43,000, inventory of $14,000, property and equipment of $141,000, contingent consideration accrual of $102,000, intangible assets of $345,000 (with an estimated life of5-15 years) and the remainder to goodwill (deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. This business continues to operate in its current location and reports within the Food Safety segment. In July 2016, we paid the former owner $70,000 for contingent consideration based on the achievement of sales targets, and reduced the recorded liability by a corresponding amount. In May 2016, we charged the remaining contingent consideration accrual of $32,000 to Other Income because sales targets for the applicable periods were not achieved.

On August 26, 2015, we acquired all the stock of Lab M Holdings, a developer, manufacturer and supplier of microbiological culture media and diagnostic systems located in the United Kingdom. Consideration for the purchase was $12,436,000 in cash. The final purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included cash of $285,000, accounts receivable of $975,000, inventory of $1,169,000, property and equipment of $3,337,000, other current assets of $309,000, current liabilities of $948,000,non-current deferred tax liability of $784,000, intangible assets of $3,611,000 (with an estimated life of5-15 years) and the remainder to goodwill(non-deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. This business continues to operate in its current location and reports within the Food Safety segment.

On December 22, 2015, we acquired the rodenticide assets of Virbac Corporation, the North American affiliate of the France-based Virbac group, a global animal health company. The acquired assets include a rodenticide active ingredient that complements Neogen’s existing active ingredients, and more than 40 regulatory approvals for a variety of formulations in the United States, Canada and Mexico. The acquired assets also include a large retail and OEM customer base. Consideration for the purchase was $3,525,000 in cash and up to $300,000 of contingent consideration. The final purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included inventory of $317,000, property and equipment of $60,000, current liabilities of $300,000, intangible assets of $1,759,000 (with an estimated life of5-15 years),non-amortizable trademarks of $200,000 and the remainder to goodwill (deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. The products are manufactured at our production facility in Randolph, Wisconsin, and report within the Animal Safety segment. In fiscal 2016, we paid the former owner $300,000 of contingent consideration based on the achievement of specific objectives, and reduced the recorded liability by a corresponding amount.

On April 26, 2016, we acquired the stock of Deoxi Biotecnologia Ltda., an animal genomics laboratory located in Aracatuba, Brazil. This acquisition is intended to help accelerate the growth of Neogen’s animal genomics services in Brazil. Consideration for the purchase was $1,549,000 in cash and up to $2,552,000 of contingent consideration, due at the end of each of the first two years, based on an excess net sales formula. The final purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included accounts receivable of $132,000, inventory of $89,000, other current assets of $9,000, property and equipment of $232,000, current liabilities of $266,000, contingent consideration accrual of $453,000,non-current deferred tax liability of $184,000,non-amortizable trademarks of $193,000, intangible assets of $350,000 (with an estimated life of5-10 years) and the remainder to goodwill (deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. This business continues to operate in its current location and is managed by Neogen do Brasil, reporting within the Food Safety segment. In June 2017, we paid the former owners $393,000 in contingent consideration based on the achievement of sales targets, and charged $14,000 to Other Expense. In June 2018, we agreed to pay the former owners $122,000 in contingent consideration based on the achievement of sales targets and charged $42,000 to Other Expense; the funds are currently in escrow awaiting settlement of a legal matter.

On May 1, 2016, we acquired the stock of Preserve International and its sister company, Tetradyne LLC, manufacturers and marketers of cleaners, disinfectants and associated products to the swine, poultry, food processing and dairy markets. Preserve and Tetradyne have manufacturing locations in Memphis, Tennessee and Turlock, California. Consideration for the purchase was $24,245,000 in cash. The final purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included accounts receivable of $1,629,000, inventory of $1,964,000, other current assets of $269,000, land, property and equipment of $1,625,000, current liabilities of $987,000,non-current liabilities of $660,000, intangible assets of $11,950,000 (with an estimated life of5-15 years),non-amortizable trademarks of $2,600,000, and the remainder to goodwill (partially deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. This business continues to operate in its current locations and reports within the Animal Safety segment.

Fiscal 2017

On December 1, 2016, we acquired the stock of Quat-Chem Ltd., a chemical company that manufactures biosecurity products, based in Rochdale, England. Consideration for the purchase was $21,606,000 in cash and up to $3,778,000 of contingent consideration, due at the end of each of the first two years, based on an excess net sales formula. The final purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included accounts receivable of $4,684,000, inventory of $1,243,000, land, property and equipment of $2,526,000, accounts payable of $2,197,000, deferred tax liability of $1,758,000, contingent consideration accrual of $1,058,000, other current liabilities of $604,000,non-amortizable intangible assets of $1,889,000, intangible assets of $6,900,000 (with an estimated life of5-15 years) and the remainder to goodwill(non-deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. In January 2018, we paid the former owners $249,000 in contingent consideration based on the achievement of sales targets in the first year, and recorded a credit of $255,000 to Other Income, reducing the contingent consideration accrual by a corresponding amount; $554,000 remains accrued for contingent consideration payable at the end of the second year. This business continues to operate in its current location and is managed by Neogen Europe, reporting within the Food Safety segment.

On December 27, 2016, we acquired the stock of Rogama Industria e Comercio, Ltda., a company that develops and manufactures rodenticides and insecticides, based near São Paulo, Brazil. Consideration for the purchase was $12,423,000 in cash and up to $2,069,000 of contingent consideration, due at the end of each of the first two years, based on an excess net sales formula. The final purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included accounts receivable of $1,866,000, othernon-current assets of $26,000, inventory of $960,000, land, property and equipment of $4,734,000, current liabilities of $2,562,000, contingent consideration accrual of $213,000, deferred tax liability of $2,034,000,non-amortizable intangible assets of $870,000, intangible assets of $5,112,000 (with an estimated life of5-15 years) and the remainder to goodwill (deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. In April 2018, we paid the former owners $130,000 in contingent consideration based on the achievement of sales targets in the first year. The contingent consideration accrual was reduced by the same amount; $83,000 remains accrued for contingent consideration payable at the end of the second year. This business continues to operate in its current location and is managed by Neogen do Brasil, reporting within the Food Safety segment.

Fiscal 2018

On September 1, 2017, wethe Company acquired the assets of The University of Queensland Animal Genetics Laboratory, an animal genomics laboratory located near Brisbane, Australia. This acquisition is intended to accelerate the growth of ourNeogen’s animal genomics business in Australia and New Zealand. Consideration for the purchase was $2,063,000; $468,000 has beenwas initially paid in cash with the remainder due in annual installments over the next five years. The final purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included inventory of $19,000, equipment of $419,000,
non-current
liabilities of $1,629,000, intangible assets of $902,000 (with an estimated life of
5-15
years) and the remainder to goodwill
(non-deductible
for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. The new business, renamed Neogen Australasia, continues to operate in its current location, reporting within the Animal Safety
segment.

F-22

Fiscal 2019
On August 1, 2018, the Company acquired
all of
the stock of Clarus Labs, Inc., a manufacturer of water testing products. Neogen has distributed Clarus’ Colitag water test to the food and beverage industries since 2004; this acquisition has given the Company the ability to sell this product to new markets. Consideration for the purchase was $4,204,000 in cash and $1,256,000 of contingent consideration, due semiannually for the first five years, based on an excess net sales formula. The final purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included inventory of $32,000, machinery and equipment of $120,000, accounts payable of $53,000, contingent consideration accrual of $1,256,000,
non-current
deferred tax liability of $544,000,
non-amortizable
intangible assets of $878,000, intangible assets of $1,487,000 (with an estimated life of
5-15
years) and the remainder to goodwill
(non-deductible
for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. Since February 2019, $270,000 has been paid to the former owners as contingent consideration from the accrual. Manufacturing of these products was moved to the Company’s Lansing, Michigan location in October 2018, reporting within the Food Safety segment.
On September 4, 2018, the Company acquired the assets of Livestock Genetic Services, LLC, a Virginia-based company that specializes in genetic evaluations and data management for cattle breeding organizations. Livestock Genetic Services had been a long-time strategic partner of Neogen and the acquisition enhanced the Company’s
in-house
genetic evaluation capabilities. Consideration for the purchase was $1,100,000 in cash, with $700,000 paid at closing and $400,000 payable to the former owner on September 1, 2019, and up to $585,000 of contingent consideration, payable over the next three years. The final purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included office equipment of $15,000, contingent consideration accrual of $385,000, intangible assets of $942,000 (with an estimated life of
5-15
years) and the remainder to goodwill (deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. In September 2019, the former owner was paid the $400,000 installment of the purchase price owed and was also paid $107,000 in contingent consideration based on the achievement of sales targets in the first year. Services provided by this operation are now performed at the Company’s Lincoln, Nebraska location, reporting within the Animal Safety segment.
On January 1, 2019, the Company acquired the assets of Edmonton, Alberta based Delta Genomics Centre, an animal genomics laboratory in Canada. Delta’s laboratory operations were renamed Neogen Canada and the acquisition was intended to accelerate growth of the Company’s animal genomics business in Canada. Consideration for the purchase was $1,485,000 in cash. The final purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included inventory of $38,000, machinery and equipment of $371,000, unearned revenue liability of $125,000, intangible assets of $532,000 (with an estimated life of 5 to 10 years) and the remainder to goodwill (deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. Services provided by this operation continue to be performed in Edmonton, reporting within the Animal Safety segment.
Fiscal 2020
On January 1, 2020, the Company acquired
all of
the stock of Productos Quimicos Magiar, a distributor of Neogen’s Food Safety products for the past 20 years, located in Argentina.
This acquisition gives Neogen a direct sales presence in Argentina.
Consideration for the purchase was $3,776,000 in net cash, with $3,237,000 paid at closing and $540,000 payable to the former owner on January 1, 2022, and up to $979,000 of contingent consideration, payable in one year, based upon an excess net sales formula. The
preliminary
purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included accounts receivable of $603,000, inventory of $446,000, machinery and equipment of $36,000, other current assets of $221,000, accounts payable of $383,000, other current liabilities of $312,000, contingent consideration accrual of $640,000,
non-current
deferred tax liabilities of $441,000, intangible assets of $1,471,000 (with an estimated life of
5-10
years) and the remainder to goodwill
(non-deductible
for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. This operation continues to operate from its current location in Buenos Aires, Argentina, reporting within the Food Safety segment. It is managed through Neogen’s Latin America operation.
On January 1, 2020, the Company acquired
 all
 of
 the stock of Productos Quimicos Magiar, a distributor of Neogen’s Food Safety products for the past
20 years, located in Uruguay.
This acquisition gives Neogen a direct sales presence in Uruguay.
Consideration for the purchase was $1,488,000 in net cash, with $1,278,000 paid at closing and $210,000 payable to the former owner on January 1, 2022, and up to $241,000 in contingent consideration, payable in one year, based upon an excess net sales formula. The
preliminary
purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included accounts receivable of $280,000, inventory of $174,000, machinery and equipment of
$16,000, other current assets of $68,000, accounts payable of $204,000, other current
liabilities of $11,000, contingent consideration accrual of
F-23

$159,000,
non-current
deferred tax liabilities of $99,000, intangible assets of $398,000 (with an estimated life of
5-10
years) and the remainder to goodwill
(non-deductible
for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. This operation continues to operate from its current location in Montevideo, Uruguay, reporting within the Food Safety segment. It is managed through Neogen’s Latin America operation.
On January 9, 2020, the Company acquired the stock of Diessechem Srl, a distributor of food and feed diagnostics for the past 27 years, located
in
Italy.
This acquisition gives Neogen a direct sales presence in Italy.
Consideration for the purchase was $3,455,000 in net cash. The
preliminary
purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included accounts receivable of $780,000, inventory of $5,000, other current assets of $160,000, accounts payable of $140,000, other current liabilities of $305,000,
non-current
deferred tax liabilities of $294,000, intangible assets of $1,225,000 (with an estimated life of
5-10
years) and the remainder to goodwill
(non-deductible
for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. This operation continues to operate from its current location in Milan, Italy, reporting within the Food Safety segment. It is managed through Neogen’s Scotland operation.
On January 31, 2020, the Company acquired the stock of Abtek Biologicals Limited, a manufacturer and supplier of culture media supplements and microbiology technologies. This acquisition enhances the Company’s culture media product line offering for the worldwide industrial microbiology markets. Consideration for the purchase was $1,401,000 in net cash, with $1,282,000 paid at closing and $119,000 payable to the former owner on January 31, 2021. The
preliminary
purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included accounts receivable of $135,000, inventory of $207,000, machinery and equipment of $105,000, prepayments of $6,000, accounts payable of $118,000, other current liabilities of $34,000,
non-current
deferred tax liabilities of $92,000, intangible assets of $484,000 (with an estimated life of
5-10
years) and the remainder to goodwill
(non-deductible
for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. This manufacturing operation continues to operate from its current location in Liverpool, England, reporting within the Food Safety segment. It is managed through Neogen’s Scotland operation.
On February 28, 2020, the Company acquired the assets of Cell BioSciences, an Australian distributor of food safety and industrial microbiology products. This acquisition gave Neogen a direct sales presence across Australasia for its entire product portfolio. Consideration for the purchase was $3,768,000 in cash, with $3,596,000 paid at closing and $172,000 payable in one year. The
preliminary
purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included inventory of $420,000, unearned revenue liability of $13,000, intangible assets of $1,338,000 (with an estimated life of 3 to 10 years) and the remainder to goodwill
(non-deductible
for tax purposes). The business operates in Gatton, Australia, reporting within the Australian operations in the Animal Safety segment.
On March 26, 2020, the Company acquired the assets of Chile-based Magiar Chilena, a distributor of food, animal and plant diagnostics, including Neogen products.
This acquisition gives Neogen a direct sales presence in Chile.
Consideration for the purchase was $400,000 in cash, with $350,000 paid at closing and $50,000 payable to the former owner on March 26, 2021. The
preliminary
purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included inventory of $164,000, machinery and equipment of $53,000, and intangible assets of $183,000 (with an estimated life of
5-10
years). The business is operated from its current location in Santiago, Chile, reporting within the Food Safety segment. It is managed through Neogen’s Latin America operation.
For each acquisition listed above, the revenues and net income were not considered material and were therefore not disclosed.
4.

Long-Term Debt

We have

The Company has a financing agreement with a bank providing for ana $15,000,000 unsecured revolving line of credit, which was amendedexpires on November 30, 2016 to increase the line from $12,000,000 to $15,000,000, and extend the maturity from September 1, 2017 to September 30, 2019.2021. There were no0 advances against the line of credit during fiscal years 20172020 and 2018;2019; there was no0 balance outstanding at May 31, 2018.2020. Interest on any borrowings is at LIBOR plus 100 basis points (rate under the terms of the agreement was 3.14%1.24% at May 31, 2018)2020). Financial covenants include maintaining specified levels of tangible net worth, debt service coverage, and funded debt to EBITDA, each of which we were
EBITDA; the Company believes it was in compliance with these covenants at May 31, 2018.

2020.

F-24

5.Equity Compensation Plans

Qualified

Incentive and
non-qualified
options to purchase shares of common stock may behave been granted to directors, officers and employees of Neogen under the terms of ourthe Company’s stock option plans. These options arewere granted at an exercise price of not less than the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant. Remaining shares available for grant under stock option plans were 1,913,000, 2,525,0003,501,000, 3,997,000 and 3,276,0001,913,000 at May 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively. Options vest ratably over three and five-yearfive-year periods and the contractual terms are generally five or ten years.

(options in thousands)  Options   Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
   Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair  Value
 

Outstanding at May 31, 2015 (852 exercisable)

   2,651    23.29    6.90 

Granted

   732    35.23    9.83 

Exercised

   (569   17.60    5.36 

Forfeited

   (39   28.93    8.36 
  

 

 

     

Outstanding at May 31, 2016 (875 exercisable)

   2,775    27.53    7.97 

Granted

   828    40.68    11.89 

Exercised

   (827   22.82    6.77 

Forfeited

   (77   32.04    9.17 
  

 

 

     

Outstanding at May 31, 2017 (661 exercisable)

   2,699    32.88    9.51 

Granted

   829    59.37    14.47 

Exercised

   (821   28.18    8.20 

Forfeited

   (208   39.57    11.12 
  

 

 

     

Outstanding at May 31, 2018 (508 exercisable)

   2,499    42.63    11.44 
  

 

 

     

(options in thousands)
  
Options
   
Weighted-Average

Exercise Price
   
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
 
Outstanding at May 31, 2017 (661 exercisable)
  
2,699
  $
  32.88
  $
9.51
 
Granted
  
829
   
59.37
   
14.47
 
Exercised
  
(821
)  
28.18
   
8.20
 
Forfeited
  
(208
)  
39.57
   
11.12
 
             
Outstanding at May 31, 2018 (508 exercisable)
  
2,499
   
42.63
   
11.44
 
Granted
  
527
   
62.92
   
14.91
 
Exercised
  
(513
)  
31.28
   
8.92
 
Forfeited
  
(128
)  
47.08
   
12.42
 
             
Outstanding at May 31, 2019 (617 exercisable)
  
2,385
   
49.37
   
12.70
 
Granted
  
562
   
63.91
   
15.56
 
Exercised
  
(719
)  
40.24
   
11.05
 
Forfeited
  
(66
)  
57.44
   
14.20
 
             
Outstanding at May 31, 2020 (486 exercisable)
  
2,162
   
55.96
   
13.95
 
             
The following is a summary of stock options outstanding at May 31, 2018:

(options in thousands)  Options Outstanding   Options Exercisable 

Range of Exercise Price

  Number   Average
Contractual Life
(in years)
   Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
   Number   Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
 

$8.27 - $30.03

   515    1.5   $27.08    226   $24.78 

$30.04 - $37.26

   522    3.2    34.84    179    34.00 

$37.27 - $40.91

   619    3.8    40.45    90    40.44 

$40.92 - $59.78

   173    6.0    50.85    13    42.19 

$59.79 - $68.96

   670    4.5    60.55    —      —   
  

 

 

       

 

 

   
   2,499    3.5    42.63    508    31.23 

2020:

(options in thousands)
  
Options Outstanding
   
Options Exercisable
 
       
Average
             
       
Contractual Life
   
Weighted-Average
       
Weighted-Average
 
Range of Exercise Price
  
Number
   
(in years)
   
Exercise Price
   
Number
   
Exercise Price
 
$16.82 - $40.91
  
507
   
1.4
  $
  37.26
   
208
  $
  34.94
 
$40.92 - $61.56
  
605
   
2.6
   
58.59
   
183
   
57.43
 
$61.57 - $62.88
  
465
   
3.5
   
62.70
   
85
   
62.70
 
$62.89 - $64.05
  
539
   
4.4
   
63.90
   
—  
   
 
$64.06 - $68.96
  
46
   
3.6
   
66.48
   
10
   
67.98
 
                     
  
2,162
   
3.0
   
55.96
   
486
   
48.94
 
The weighted average exercise price of shares that were exercisable at May 31, 20182020 and 20172019 was $31.23$48.94 and $26.49,$40.68, respectively.

Compensation expense related to share-based awards was $4,909,000, $5,261,000$6,468,000, $5,543,000 and $5,468,000$4,909,000 in fiscal years 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively. Remaining compensation cost to be expensed in future periods for
non-vested
options was $15,367,000$16,949,000 at May 31, 2018,2020, with a weighted average expense recognition period of 3.53.2 years.

 
Year Ended
 
(in thousands)
 
May 31
, 2020
 
 
May 31
, 2019
 
 
May 31
, 2018
 
Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding
 $
  32,988
  $
  22,798
  $
  82,649
 
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable
  
10,814
   
10,222
   
22,572
 
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised
  
19,597
   
21,382
   
25,844
 
F-2
4

The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and options exercisable was $82,649,000 and $22,572,000, respectively, at May 31, 2018, $39,388,000 and $13,929,000 respectively, at May 31, 2017 and $26,344,000 and $12,912,000 respectively, at May 31, 2016. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the year was $25,844,000 in fiscal 2018, $18,067,000 in fiscal 2017 and $12,980,000 in fiscal 2016.

Common stock totaling 332,000 of the 450,000 originally authorized shares are reserved for issuance under the terms of the 2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The plan givesCompany offers eligible employees the

option
to purchase common stock at a 5% discount to the lower of the market value of the stock at the beginning or end of each participation period;period under the terms of the 2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan; the discount is recorded in general and administrative expense. Total individual purchases in any year are limited to 10% of compensation. Shares purchased by employees through this program were 21,578 in fiscal 2020, 18,330 in fiscal 2019 and 22,127 in fiscal 2018, 24,953 in fiscal 2017 and 24,369 in fiscal 2016.

2018.

Common
stock totaling 343,817 of the 712,500 authorized shares are reserved for issuance under the plan.
6.Income Taxes

Income before income taxes by source consists of the following amounts:

   Year ended May 31 
(in thousands)  2018   2017   2016 

U.S.

  $62,310   $55,171   $50,662 

Foreign

   11,155    11,502    4,851 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $73,465   $66,673   $55,513 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 
Year ended May 31
 
(in thousands)
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
U.S.
 $
62,329
  $
58,479
  $
62,310
 
Foreign
  
9,976
   
14,480
   
11,155
 
             
 $
72,305
  $
72,959
  $
73,465
 
             
The provision for income taxes consistedconsists of the following:

   Year ended May 31 
(in thousands)  2018   2017   2016 

Current:

      

U.S. Taxes

  $10,129   $20,259   $14,630 

Foreign

   3,066    2,514    1,756 

Deferred

   (2,945   (73   2,589 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provision for Income Taxes

  $10,250   $22,700   $18,975 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 
Year ended May 31
 
(in thousands)
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
Current
         
Domestic
         
Federal
 $
6,886
  $
7,173
  $
  9,715
 
Uncertain tax provision
  
269
   
13
   
(963
)
State
  
1,262
   
1,265
   
1,377
 
Foreign
  
2,475
   
3,758
   
3,066
 
Deferred
         
Domestic
         
Federal
  
1,964
   
1,031
   
(1,981
)
State
  
195
   
98
   
(355
)
Foreign
  
(221
)  
(555
)  
(609
)
 
             
Provision for Income Taxes
 $
12,830
  $
12,783
  $
10,250
 
             
F-26

The reconciliation of income taxes computed at the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to income tax expense is as follows:

   Year ended May 31 
(in thousands)  2018   2017   2016 

Tax at U.S. statutory rate

  $21,459   $23,336   $19,429 

Section 199 domestic production deduction

   (1,167   (1,057   (1,143

Foreign rate differential

   (461   (1,247   (699

Subpart F income

   816    996    1,049 

Excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation

   (4,816   —      —   

Release of FIN 48 reserve from closed tax years

   (1,035   —      —   

Provision for state income taxes, net of federal benefit

   975    972    779 

Remeasurement of deferred taxes

   (6,022   —      —   

Transition tax on foreign earnings and profits

   1,223    —      —   

Amended U.S. Federal tax returns FY12, FY13 & FY14

   —      —      (777

Tax credits and other

   (722   (300   337 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $10,250   $22,700   $18,975 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 
Year ended May 31
 
(in thousands)
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
Tax at U.S. statutory rate
 $
15,184
  $
15,321
  $
21,459
 
Permanent differences
  
360
   
(56
)   
Section 199 domestic production deduction
  
—  
   
—  
   
(1,167
)
Global intangible
low-taxed
income (GILTI)
  
438
   
840
   
—  
 
Foreign derived intangible income deduction (FDII)
  
(1,120
)  
(1,531
)  
—  
 
Foreign rate differential
  
(182
)  
495
   
(461
)
Subpart F income
  
634
   
842
   
816
 
Tax benefits on stock-based compensation
  
(1,998
)  
(2,586
)  
(4,816
)
Changes in tax contingencies - Increase/(Release)
  
269
   
13
   
(1,035
)
Provision for state income taxes, net of federal benefit
  
1,412
   
1,251
   
975
 
Remeasurement of deferred taxes
  
—  
   
—  
   
(6,022
)
Transition tax on foreign earnings and profits
  
—  
   
—  
   
1,223
 
Tax
c
redits
  
(1,417
)  
(1,726
)  
(1,151
)
Other
   (750   (80   429 
             
Tax Expense
 $
12,830
  $
12,783
  $
10,250
 
             
On June 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASUNo. 2016-09,
2016-09—Compensation-Stock
Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies the accounting for share-based payments to employees. The guidance requires the recognition of the income effects of awards in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled, thus eliminating additional
paid-in
capital pools. The guidance also allows for a policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur, rather than on an estimated basis, and requires that excess tax benefits be classified as an operating activity on the Statement of Cash Flows. The adoption of this ASU decreased income tax expense by $2.0 million in fiscal 2020, by $2.6 million in fiscal 2019 and by $4.8 million in fiscal 2018.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the U.S. Tax Act) was signed into law, making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include, but are not limited to, a federal corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system, and a
one-time
transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting

Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118) was issuedThe U.S. Tax Act also includes a provision to addresstax global intangible

low-taxed
income (GILTI) of foreign subsidiaries and a deduction for foreign derived intangible income (FDII), both of which became effective for the applicationCompany beginning June 1, 2018.
In fiscal 2018, the Company recorded a net benefit of $4.8 million related to the U.S. GAAPTax Act, due to situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effectsimpact of the Act. In accordance with SAB 118, we have determined thatreduction in the $6.0 million of deferred tax benefit recorded in connection with the remeasurement of certainrate on deferred tax assets and liabilities and theof $6.0 million, partially offset by $1.2 million of current tax expense recorded in connection with the
one-time
transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings was a provisional amount at May 31, 2018. Any subsequent adjustment toearnings. In fiscal 2019, the Company finalized its calculation of these amounts will beand recorded immaterial adjustments to currentincome tax expense; the Company also recorded expense of $840,000 related to GILTI and a tax benefit of $1.5 million related to FDII.
Foreign tax credits, primarily offsetting taxes associated with Subpart F and GILTI income, were $945,000, $1,296,000 and $791,000 in the quarter offiscal years 2020, 2019 when any further analysis of our deferred tax assets and liabilities2018, respectively. The Company’s U.S.
research and our historical foreign earnings is completed.

development credits

were $472,000, $430,000 and $422,000 in fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
F-2
6

Deferred income taxes reflect the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of our deferred income tax liabilities and assets are as follows:

   Year ended May 31 
(in thousands)  2018   2017 

Deferred income tax liabilities

    

Indefinite and long-lived assets

  $(17,503  $(23,177

Prepaid expenses

   (573   (640
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   (18,076   (23,817

Deferred income tax assets

    

Stock Options

   1,489    2,604 

Inventories and accounts receivable

   1,593    2,603 

Tax loss carryforwards

   134    436 

Accrued expenses and other

   757    1,126 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   3,973    6,769 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net deferred income tax liabilities

  $(14,103  $(17,048
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 
Year ended May 31
 
(in thousands)
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
Deferred income tax liabilities
      
Indefinite and long-lived assets
 $
(20,867
) $
(18,963
)
Prepaid expenses
  
(795
)  
(586
)
         
  
(21,662
)  
(19,549
)
Deferred income tax assets
      
Stock
o
ptions
  
1,479
   
1,497
 
Inventories and accounts receivable
  
1,336
   
1,315
 
Tax loss carryforwards
  
484
   
417
 
Accrued expenses and other
  
657
   
1,109
 
Less: Valuation
a
llowance
  
(419
)  
(407
)
         
  
3,537
   
3,931
 
         
Net deferred income tax liabilities
 $
(18,125
) $
(15,618
)
         
The Company has the following net operating loss carryforwards:
 
As of
 
 
 
Jurisdiction
 
May 31, 2020
 
 
Expiry
 
U.S.
 $
408
   
2037 to indefinite
 
Foreign
  
1,354
   
2024 to 2039
 
         
 $
  1,762
    
         
We had no accrualare subject to income taxes in the U.S. (federal and state) and in num
e
rous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in evaluating our tax positions and determining our provision for unrecognizedincome taxes. During the ordinary course of business, there are transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax benefits at both May 31, 2018determination is uncertain. We establish reserves for
tax-related
uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and 2017. Should the accrual of any interest or penalties relativeextent to unrecognized tax benefits be necessary, such accrualswhich, additional taxes will be reflected withindue. These reserves are established when we believe that certain positions might be challenged despite our belief that our tax return positions are fully supportable. We adjust these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the outcome of tax audits. The provision for income taxes includes the impact of reserve provisions and changes to reserves that are considered appropriate.
The reconciliation of our tax accounts.

uncertainties
is as follows:
 
Year ended May 31
 
(in thousands)
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
Beginning balance
 $
611
  $
598
  $
1,633
 
Increase/(decrease) related to prior periods
  
56
   
(106
)  
(1,157
)
 
Increase to current period
  
213
   
119
   
122
 
             
Ending balance
 $
880
  $
611
  $
598
 
             
The Company is no longer subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service for fiscal year 2016 and preceding years.
F-
27

7.

Commitments and Contingencies

We are

The Company is involved in environmental remediation and monitoring activities at ourits Randolph, Wisconsin manufacturing facility and accrueaccrues for related costs when such costs are determined to be probable and estimable. The Company currently utilizes a pump and treat remediation strategy, which includes semi-annual monitoring and reporting, consulting, and maintenance of monitoring wells. We expense these annual costs of remediation, which have ranged from $38,000
$
38,000
to $74,000 $
131,000
per year over the past
five years. Ouryears
. The Company’s estimated liability for these costs is $916,000 was $
916,000
at both May 
31 2018
,
2020
and 2017,
2019
, measured on an
undiscounted
basis over an estimated period of
15
years; $100,000 $
100,000
of the liability is recorded within current liabilities and includes $45,000 to performthe remainder is recorded within other
non-current
liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. In fiscal
2019
, the Company performed an updated Corrective Measures Study (CMS) on the site, per a request received in 2017 from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR), and is currently in discussion with the remainderWDNR regarding potential alternative remediation strategies going forward. The Company believes that the current pump and treat strategy is recorded within othernon-current liabilitiesappropriate for the site. At this time, the outcome in terms of approach and future costs is unknown, but a change in the consolidated balance sheet.

We havecurrent remediation strategy, depending on the alternative selected, could require an increase in the currently recorded liability, with an offsetting charge to operations in the period recorded.

The Company has agreements with unrelated third parties that provide for the payment of license fees and royalties on the sale of certain products. Royalty expense, recorded in sales and marketing, under the terms of these agreements was $2,876,000, $2,659,000$2,524,000, $2,795,000 and $1,969,000$2,876,000 for fiscal years 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively. Some of these agreements provide for guaranteed minimum royalty payments to be paid each fiscal year by the Company for certain technologies. Future minimum royalty payments are as follows: 2019—$634,000, 2020—$641,000, 2021—$649,000,182,000, 2022—$572,000110,000, 2023—$105,000, 2024—$105,000 and 2023—2025—$568,000.

105,000.

We lease office and manufacturing facilities, vehicles and equipment under
non-cancelable
operating leases. Rent expense for fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018 2017 was
$
1,373,000
, $
1,633,000
and 2016 was $799,000, $729,000 and $662,000, $
1,083,000
,
respectively. Future fiscal year minimum rental payments for these leases over their remaining terms are as follows: 2019—$498,000, 2020—$86,000, 2021—$108,000, 2022—$141,000, and 2023 and later—$73,000.

We are

The Company is subject to certain legal and other proceedings in the
normal
course of business that, in the opinion of management, shouldare not expected to have a material effect on ourits future results of operations or financial position.

8.

Defined Contribution Benefit
Plan

We maintain

The Company maintains a defined contribution 401(k) benefit plan covering substantially all
domestic
employees. Employees are permitted to defer compensation up to IRS limits, with Neogen matching 100% of the first 3% of deferred compensation and 50% of the next 2% deferred. Our
of deferred compensation. Neogen’s expense under this plan was $1,325,000, $1,259,000,
$
1,535,000
, $
1,361,000
, and $1,188,000 $
1,325,000
in fiscal years
2020
,
2019
and
2018 2017 and 2016,
, respectively.

9.Segment Information

We have two

The Company has 2 reportable segments: Food Safety and Animal Safety. The Food Safety segment is primarily engaged in the development, production and marketing of diagnostic test kits and related products used by food producers and processors to detect harmful natural toxins, foodborne bacteria, allergens and levels of general sanitation. The Animal Safety segment is primarily engaged in the development, production and marketing of products dedicated to animal safety, including a complete line of consumable products marketed to veterinarians and animal health product distributors; this segment also provides genomic identification and related interpretive bioinformatic services. Additionally, the Animal Safety segment produces and markets rodenticides, disinfectants, and insecticides to assist in the control of rodents, insects and disease in and around agricultural, food production and other facilities.

Neogen’s international operations in the United Kingdom, Mexico, Brazil, China and India originally focused on the sales and marketing of our Food Safetyfood safety products, and each of these units reports through the Food Safety segment. In recent years, these operations have expanded to offer ourthe Company’s complete line of products and services, including those usually associated with the Animal Safety segment such as cleaners, disinfectants, rodenticides, insecticides, veterinary instruments and genomics services. These additional products and services are managed and directed by existing management and are reported through the Food Safety segment.

Neogen’s operation in Australia originally focused on providing genomics services and sales of animal safety products and reports through the Animal Safety segment. With the acquisition of Cell BioSciences in February 2020, this operation has expanded to offer our complete line of products and services, including those usually associated with the Food Safety segment. These additional products are managed and directed by existing management at Neogen Australasia and report through the Animal Safety segment.
The accounting policies of each of the segments are the same as those described in Note 1.

F-
28

Segment information is as follows:

(in thousands)  Food Safety   Animal Safety   Corporate and
Eliminations (1)
   Total 

Fiscal 2018

        

Product revenues to external customers

  $176,123   $159,431   $—     $335,554 

Service revenues to external customers

   19,924    46,774    —      66,698 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues to external customers

   196,047    206,205    —      402,252 

Operating income (loss)

   34,561    39,529    (3,896   70,194 

Depreciation and amortization

   9,083    7,975    —      17,058 

Total Assets

   186,570    220,629    210,810    618,009 

Expenditures for long-lived assets

   10,538    10,408    —      20,946 

Fiscal 2017

        

Product revenues to external customers

  $155,795   $150,717   $—     $306,512 

Service revenues to external customers

   15,530    39,552    —      55,082 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues to external customers

   171,325    190,269    —      361,594 

Operating income (loss)

   33,971    34,841    (3,867   64,945 

Depreciation and amortization

   7,088    7,603    —      14,691 

Total Assets

   190,895    210,927    126,587    528,409 

Expenditures for long-lived assets

   10,332    4,246    —      14,578 

Fiscal 2016

        

Product revenues to external customers

  $133,743   $139,827   $—     $273,570 

Service revenues to external customers

   12,678    35,027    —      47,705 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues to external customers

   146,421    174,854    —      321,275 

Operating income (loss)

   28,984    30,978    (3,576   56,386 

Depreciation and amortization

   5,609    6,572    —      12,181 

Total Assets

   143,303    215,374    91,263    449,940 

Expenditures for long-lived assets

   9,192    5,030    —      14,222 

(in thousands)
 
Food Safety
 
 
Animal Safety
 
 
Corporate and
Eliminations (1)
 
 
Total
 
Fiscal 2020
            
Product revenues to external customers
 $
189,893
  $
  145,646
  $
—  
  $
335,539
 
Service revenues to external customers
  
22,798
   
59,833
   
—  
   
82,631
 
                 
Total revenues to external customers
  
212,691
   
205,479
   
—  
   
418,170
 
Operating income (loss)
  
33,526
   
39,051
   
(5,054
)  
67,523
 
Depreciation and amortization
  
10,173
   
8,223
   
—  
   
18,396
 
Total Assets
  
222,331
   
231,178
   
343,673
   
797,182
 
Expenditures for long-lived assets
  
15,867
   
8,185
   
—  
   
24,052
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fiscal 2019
            
Product revenues to external customers
 $
190,675
  $
148,764
  $
—  
  $
339,439
 
Service revenues to external customers
  
22,799
   
51,948
   
—  
   
74,747
 
                 
Total revenues to external customers
  
213,474
   
200,712
   
—  
   
414,186
 
Operating income (loss)
  
39,020
   
33,875
   
(4,801
)  
68,094
 
Depreciation and amortization
  
9,525
   
8,099
   
—  
   
17,624
 
Total Assets
  
206,267
   
221,950
   
267,523
   
695,740
 
Expenditures for long-lived assets
  
8,916
   
5,745
   
—  
   
14,661
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fiscal 2018
            
Product revenues to external customers
 $
174,553
  $
156,735
  $
—  
  $
331,288
 
Service revenues to external customers
  
19,924
   
46,718
   
—  
   
66,642
 
                 
Total revenues to external customers
  
194,477
   
203,453
   
—  
   
397,930
 
Operating income (loss)
  
34,561
   
39,529
   
(3,896
)  
70,194
 
Depreciation and amortization
  
9,083
   
7,975
   
—  
   
17,058
 
Total Assets
  
186,570
   
220,629
   
210,810
   
618,009
 
Expenditures for long-lived assets  10,538   10,408   —     20,946 
(1)Includes corporate assets, including cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, current and deferred tax accounts, and overhead expenses not allocated to specific business segments. Also includes the elimination of intersegment transactions and
non-controlling
interests.

Revenues to customers located outside the United States amounted to $151,262,000 or 37.6% of consolidated revenues in fiscal 2018, $129,322,000 or 35.8% in fiscal 2017 and $107,680,000 or 33.5% in fiscal 2016 and were derived primarily in various countries throughout Europe, Canada, South and Central America and Asia. No customer represented revenues in excess of 10% of consolidated net sales in any of the three years.

F-30

The U.S. based operations represent 75% offollowing table presents the Company’s long-lived assets as of May 31, 2018 and 76% as May 31, 2017.

revenue disaggregated by geographical location:
 
Year ended May 31
 
(in thousands)
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
Domestic
 $
253,458
  $
248,304
 
International
  
164,712
   
165,882
 
         
Total revenue
  
418,170
   
414,186
 
         
10.
Stock RepurchaseRepurchases

In December 2008, ourOctober 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors passed a resolution terminating the Company’s prior stock buyback program, which had been approved in December 2008, and authorized a new program to purchase, subject to market conditions, up to 1,500,000
3,000,000 shares of ourthe Company’s common stock. As of May 31,In December 2018, 149,368 cumulative the Company purchased 50,000
shares have been purchasedunder the new program in negotiated and open market transactions for a total price, including commissions, of approximately $923,000. There were no purchases in fiscal years 2018, 2017 or 2016.
 $
3,134,727
.
Shares purchasedacquired under the program were retired.

A total of 2,950,000 shares of common stock remain available for repurchase under this program as of May 31, 2020.
11.Summary of Quarterly Data (Unaudited)

  Quarter Ended 
 
Quarter Ended
 
(in thousands, except per share)  August
2017
   November
2017
   February
2018
   May 2018 
  
August
2019
 
  
November
2019
 
  
February
2020
 
  
May 2020
 

Total Revenue

  $95,256   $101,817   $95,892   $109,287  $
101,424
  $
107,803
  $
99,869
  $
109,074
 

Gross Margin

   45,871    49,271    45,521    49,589   
48,194
   
51,026
   
45,330
   
51,729
 

Net income

   11,936    17,153    16,581    17,545   
14,652
   
16,276
   
12,200
   
16,347
 

Net income attributable to Neogen

   11,914    17,100    16,586    17,545 

Basic net income per share

   0.23    0.33    0.32    0.34  $
0.28
  $
0.31
  $
0.23
  $
0.31
 

Diluted net income per share

   0.23    0.33    0.32    0.33  $
0.28
  $
0.31
  $
0.23
  $
0.31
 
   
  Quarter Ended 
 
Quarter Ended
 
(in thousands, except per share)  August
2016
   November
2016
   February
2017
   May 2017 
  
August
2018
 
  
November
2018
 
  
February
2019
 
  
May 2019
 

Total Revenue

  $83,645   $90,717   $88,385   $98,847  $
99,626
  $
107,098
  $
97,700
  $
109,762
 

Gross Margin

   40,479    43,591    40,880    47,018   
46,729
   
50,033
   
44,628
   
50,530
 

Net income

   9,934    11,171    10,377    12,491   
15,237
   
16,051
   
13,073
   
15,815
 

Net income attributable to Neogen

   9,881    11,151    10,287    12,474 

Basic net income per share

   0.20    0.22    0.20    0.25  $
0.29
  $
0.31
  $
0.25
  $
0.31
 

Diluted net income per share

   0.20    0.22    0.20    0.24  $
0.29
  $
0.31
  $
0.25
  $
0.30
 
Quarterly net income per share is based on weighted-average shares outstanding and potentially dilutive stock options for the specific period and as a result, will not necessarily aggregate to total net income per share as computed for the year as disclosed in the consolidated statements of income.

F-21

F-
30