UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON,

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020

2022

OR

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________
Commission file number 001-39463

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 001-39463

COLONNADE ACQUISITION CORP.

Ouster, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Cayman IslandsDelawareN/A86-2528989

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

No.)
1400 Centrepark Blvd, Ste 810
350 Treat Avenue
San Francisco, California

West Palm Beach, Florida3340194110
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)

Registrant’s

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (561) 712-7860

(415) 949-0108


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Trading

Symbols

Name of each exchange

on which registered

Units, each consisting of one Class A ordinary share,Common stock, $0.0001 par value and one-half of one redeemable warrantper shareOUSTCLA.UThe New York Stock Exchange
Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per shareWarrants to purchase common stockOUST WSCLAThe New York Stock Exchange
Redeemable warrants, each warrant exercisable for one Class A ordinary share, each at an exercise price of $11.50 per shareWarrants to purchase common stock expiring 2025OUST WTACLA WSNYSE American
The New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Sectionsection 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to filesubmit such reports) and has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.files). Yes No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,”filer” and “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.     Yes  report.     No  ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes No

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, was not a public company atas of June 30, 2020,2022, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and therefore it cannot calculate the aggregate market valuewas approximately $252.5 million.
The registrant had outstanding 386,269,049 shares of its voting and non-votingcommon equity held by non-affiliates at such date. The registrant’s units began trading on The New York Stock Exchange on August 21, 2020 and the registrant’s Class A ordinary shares began separate trading on The New York Stock Exchange on October 9, 2020. The aggregate market value of the registrant’s Class A ordinary shares outstanding, other than shares held by persons who may be deemed affiliates of the registrant, at December 31, 2020, computed by reference to the closing price for the Class A ordinary shares on such date,stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, was $270,000,000.

As of March 9, 2021, the Registrant had 20,000,00023, 2023.



Table of its Class B ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None.

Contents


TABLE OF CONTENTS

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTSiiPage
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Table of CCAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING ontents
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

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This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may be forward-looking statements. The words “anticipates,” “believe(s),” “could,” “contemplates,”, “continue,” “expects,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “projects,” “predicts,” “potential” “should,” “targets,” or “will” and similar expressions or the negative of these terms or expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, though not all forward-looking statements use these words or expressions. Forward-looking statements contained in this report may constitute “forward looking statements” for purposes of the federal securities laws. Our forward looking statementsAnnual Report on Form 10-K include, but are not limited to statements regarding the anticipated benefits of and costs associated with the Velodyne Merger (as defined herein) and related restructuring initiatives; our expectations surrounding the Velodyne Merger; our ability to grow our sales and marketing organization; our expected contractual obligations and capital expenditures; the capabilities of our products; our anticipated new product launches; our future results of operations and financial position; industry and business trends; the remediation of material weaknesses; the impact of market conditions and other macroeconomic factors on our business, financial condition and results of operation; our future business strategy, plans, distribution partnerships, market growth and our objectives for future operations.
The forward-looking statements are neither promises nor guarantees, but involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our management team’scurrent expectations hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer toand projections forecasts or other characterizations ofabout future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or circumstances,achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including, any underlying assumptions, are forward looking statements.but not limited to, the important factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward looking. Forward lookingforward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may include, for example, statements about:

our ability to complete our initial business combination with Ouster, Inc., or any other initial business combination;

our success in retaining or recruiting, or changes required in, our officers, key employees or directors following our initial business combination;

our officers and directors allocating their time to other businesses and potentially having conflicts of interest with our business or in approving our initial business combination;

our potential ability to obtain additional financing to complete our initial business combination;

our pool of prospective target businesses;

the ability of our officers and directors to generate a number of potential investment opportunities;

our public securities’ potential liquidity and trading;

the lack of a market for our securities;

the use of proceeds not held in the Trust Account (as described herein) or are based upon information available to us from interest incomeas of the date of this Annual Report on the Trust Account balance;

the Trust AccountForm 10-K, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not being subjectbe read to claims of third parties; or

our financial performance.

The forward-looking statements contained in this report are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be thoseindicate that we have anticipated.conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These forward-looking statements involve a numberare inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

You should read this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents that we reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and have filed as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions thatactivity, performance and achievements may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or impliedwhat we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these forward-lookingcautionary statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. While we may elect to update such forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we disclaim any obligation to do so, even if subsequent events cause our views to change.
GENERAL
Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to “we”, “our” and “the Company” refer to the business and operations of Ouster Technologies, Inc. (“OTI”) (formerly known as Ouster, Inc.) and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Colonnade Merger (as defined herein) and to Ouster, Inc. (formerly known as Colonnade Acquisition Corp.) and its consolidated subsidiaries following the consummation of the Colonnade Merger.
On December 21, 2020, OTI entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Colonnade Merger Agreement”) with Colonnade Acquisition Corp., a Cayman Islands exempted company (“CLA”), and Beam Merger Sub, Inc. (“Merger Sub”), a Delaware corporation and subsidiary of CLA. OTI’s and CLA’s board of directors unanimously approved OTI’s entry into the Colonnade Merger Agreement, and on March 11, 2021, the transactions contemplated by the Colonnade Merger Agreement were consummated (all such transactions, the “Business Combination”), as further described herein. Pursuant to the terms of the Colonnade Merger Agreement, (i) CLA domesticated as a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Domestication”) and changed its name to “Ouster, Inc.” (with CLA after such domestication and the other transactions pursuant to the Colonnade Merger Agreement being referred to as the “Company”) and (ii) Merger Sub merged with and into OTI (the “Colonnade Merger”), with OTI surviving the Colonnade Merger.
We may announce material business and financial information to our investors using our investor relations website at https://investors.ouster.com. We therefore encourage investors and others interested in Ouster to review the information that we make available on our website, in addition to following our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), webcasts, press releases and conference calls. Information contained on our website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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SUMMARY RISK FACTORS
Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, include, but are not limited to,including those factors described under the headingin Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report. ShouldReport on Form 10-K. You should carefully consider these risks and uncertainties when investing in our common stock. The principal risks and uncertainties affecting our business include the following:
Our products are frequently used in applications that are subject to evolving regulations and standards.
Ourlimited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and the risks and challenges we may encounter.
We have incurred significant losses to date and may never achieve or sustain profitability. If we are unable to overcome our limited sales history and establish and maintain confidence in our long-term business prospects among customers in our target markets or if our revenue opportunity does not materialize into sales and revenue, then our financial condition, operating results, business prospects and access to capital may suffer materially.
Our revenue and margins could be adversely affected if we fail to maintain competitive average selling prices, high sales volumes, and/or fail to reduce product costs.
We are subject to the risk of cancellation or postponement of our contracts with customers or the unsuccessful implementation of our products, which may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We currently target many customers that are large corporations with substantial negotiating power and exacting product standards. If we are unable to sell our products to these customers, our prospects and results of operations will be adversely affected.
We compete against established market participants that have substantially greater resources than us and against known and unknown market entrants who may disrupt our target markets. If our products are not selected for inclusion in our target markets, our business will be materially and adversely affected.
Market adoption of lidar remains uncertain, and it is difficult to forecast long-term end-customer adoption rates and demand for our products.
Our operating results may fluctuate significantly, which makes our future operating results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results to fall below expectations or any guidance we may provide and could cause our stock price to fluctuate or decline.
We may be unable to successfully integrate our business with Velodyne or realize the expected benefits on our expected timeframe or at all.
If we choose to acquire or invest in other new businesses, products or technologies, we may be unable to complete these acquisitions or to successfully integrate them in a cost-effective and non-disruptive manner.
Key components in our products come from limited or single source third party suppliers, and we expect to rely on third parties to manufacture a significant portion of our products for the foreseeable future. Interruptions in our relationships with these third parties could adversely impact our business.
We face risks related to our indebtedness.
We may require additional capital in order to execute our business plan, which may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.
We may not be able to adequately protect or enforce our intellectual property rights or prevent competitors or other unauthorized parties from copying or reverse engineering our technology.






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Part I
Item 1. Business.
Overview
Ouster, Inc. (“Ouster” or the “Company”) is building the eyes of autonomy. We are a leading global provider of lidar sensors for the automotive, industrial, robotics, and smart infrastructure industries. Ouster’s products include high-resolution scanning and solid-state digital lidar sensors, Velodyne Lidar sensors, and software solutions.
We believe that our digital lidar sensors are one of the highest performing, lowest cost solutions available today, which we believe positions us at the center of a global revolution in autonomy. We anticipate that 3D vision technologies, coupled with artificial intelligence, will power new autonomous technologies that in turn will fundamentally disrupt business models across many existing industries and also enable entirely new industries and capabilities.
Our four target markets each have unique use cases for our lidar sensors:
Our industrial customers use our lidar sensor to increase safety and automate operations across the global supply chain, in material handling vehicles at ports and warehouses, in off-highway vehicles in mines and on farms, and in manufacturing equipment in factories.
Our smart infrastructure customers are in both the public and private sector. Cities value increasing safety and efficiency through the use lidar technology on traffic lights and warning systems. In this sense, we believe our products can enhance public welfare through security and smart city applications. Security companies are also looking to improve intrusion detection and tracking by augmenting existing CCTV systems with the spatial tracking capabilities of lidar. We believe these markets present a significant growth opportunity for us, as they touch many aspects of our daily lives.
The automotive industry is continuing its rapid shift towards advanced/enhanced safety and autonomy features, powered by lidar, and we believe we are uniquely positioned, with our solid-state digital lidar product lines, to enable this transformation. We work with companies across the entire automotive ecosystem, from technology providers to direct automotive parts suppliers and original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”), to design and manufacture lidar sensors for these advanced vehicle systems.
Our robotics customers are pioneering an automated future that can affect many aspects of our daily lives as they take on tasks that are redundant, cumbersome, expensive or dangerous for humans.
We envision a future where lidar-powered solutions are widespread, with useful and affordable 3D perception capabilities embedded within robots, cars, trucks and drones, as well as factories, buildings, stoplights, retail stores, stadiums, docks, and airport terminals.
We believe the simplicity of our digital lidar design gives us meaningful cost advantages in manufacturing, supply chain, and production yields. With broad software-defined customization, we are able to deliver new stock keeping units (“SKUs”) for industry-specific applications, expanding our product offerings with minimal manufacturing or inventory changes. Our main manufacturing partners are Benchmark Electronics, Inc. (“Benchmark”) and Fabrinet USA Inc. (“Fabrinet”). Benchmark and Fabrinet manufacture the majority of our products, which we expect will reduce our product costs and allow us to rapidly scale production to meet our anticipated product demand. Based on cost quotes for our products in mass production, we anticipate our manufacturing costs per unit will decrease as production volumes increase.
Our mission to make the physical world safer and more efficient is aligned with our commitment to sustainability now and into the future. We believe that our lidar technology is a key enabler of sustainable solutions for our customers, enhancing the efficient use of vehicles, industrial machinery, and robotics across our end markets. Greater levels of industrial and vehicular automation have been shown to have the potential to significantly reduce global carbon dioxide emissions, helping to curb the effects of climate change. Likewise, smart city initiatives powered by lidar can better manage traffic, reduce commute times, and further reduce emissions. In smart city use cases, our lidar sensors also can be customized with a “privacy-safe” mode, protecting citizens from facial recognition technology.
We see a future where our digital technology enables lidar to become universal, playing a key role in the autonomy revolution that will change many aspects of our economy and daily lives. We believe our patented digital approach to lidar
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positions us well to be at the epicenter of this societal shift, and we anticipate that our software-defined product architecture can accelerate adoption and unlock more applications for lidar in our focus markets.
On February 10, 2023, Ouster completed the merger (the “Velodyne Merger”) with Velodyne Lidar, Inc. (“Velodyne”) pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 4, 2022 (the “Velodyne Merger Agreement”). We expect that the combined company will result in an enhanced suite of product offerings, grow our diverse customer base, increase operational efficiencies, reduce our production costs, improve our path to profitability, and strengthen our future financial position.
Intellectual Property
We believe our success, competitive advantages, and growth prospects depend in part upon our ability to develop and protect our core technology and intellectual property. We also rely on trade secrets, design and manufacturing know-how, and continuing technological innovations to maintain and improve our competitive position. As a result, we have built a portfolio of intellectual property, including issued patents and registered trademarks, copyrights, confidential technical information, and expertise in the development of lidar technology and software.
Since our inception, we have heavily invested in our patent portfolio by pursuing comprehensive coverage of invention families, use cases, and broad international coverage. Being at the forefront of innovation in the lidar market depends in part on our ability to obtain and maintain patents and other proprietary rights relating to our key technology, and our ability to successfully enforce these rights against third parties. We currently have proprietary intellectual property for both our digital and analog products, including in our embedded software, real-time 3D vision for autonomous systems, manufacturing processes and calibration methodology. We have also filed patents and trademark applications in order to further secure these rights and strengthen our ability to defend against third parties who may infringe on our rights.
We protect our proprietary rights through agreements with our commercial partners, supply chain vendors, employees, and consultants, and by closely monitoring the developments and products in the industry; and in addition to actively seeking patent protection covering inventions originating from us, we continually evaluate opportunities to acquire or in-license patents to the extent we believe such patents are useful or relevant to our business. By leveraging our deep knowledge of lidar technology, we have invented and patented an integrated, semiconductor-based lidar technology, which for our digital products consists of the following key features:
Patented digital lidar architecture
Our patents contain a broad range of claims related to devices and methods for implementing digital lidar, among other things. Our patents cover our micro-optic technology that enables improved digital lidar performance; our digital lidar architecture combining VSCELs and SPADs; our data processing circuits for in-silicon digital signal processing; and our lidar-camera convergence, combining active and passive sensing technologies. We believe these technology breakthroughs are central to our competitive advantage and dramatically improve sensor performance.
Our digital lidar systems are based on a simplified architecture that achieves high resolution and reliability. Our digital lidar sensors have three main technologies that, combined with embedded software, power our high-performance Ouster Sensor (“OS”) and Digital Flash (“DF”) product lines. We also plan to continue to manufacture certain analog sensors of the Puck family and the Alpha Prime that we inherited from the Velodyne Merger.
Patented micro-optical system
In addition to our detector SoC and VCSEL array, our sensors feature patented micro-optical systems that enhance the performance of both our emitters and detectors. The combined effect of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should anymicro-optical systems on sensor performance is equivalent to an increase in detector efficiency of multiple orders of magnitude. We believe this breakthrough intellectual property gives us significant competitive advantages over other companies.
Custom system-on-a-chip (“SoC”) with single photon avalanche diode (“SPAD”) detectors
Our sensors contain a custom-designed SoC that replaces the functionality of hundreds of discrete analog components and integrates those capabilities onto a single complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (“CMOS”) chip.
In our “OS” product line, we are currently on our fifth-generation SoC, “L3”, which combines significant processing power with a 128-channel SPAD array onto a single piece of silicon and powers all of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may varyREV7 products. Our SoC is capable of counting individual photons in material respectsorder to detect very weak laser light pulses from those projectedlong range targets. This digital SPAD-
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based approach enables our “OS” sensors to be compact, high-performance, and low-cost in order to provide advanced autonomy functionality to our industrial, robotics, smart infrastructure, and automotive customers.
Our “DF” product line currently features our first generation CMOS SoC for solid-state sensors. In 2021, we announced our second generation DF SoC, “Chronos”. Powered by this chip, the solid-state “DF” product line features short, medium, and long-range sensing options that we believe has the potential to meet the performance, reliability, design, and cost requirements of global automotive OEMs.
Vertical cavity surface emitting laser (“VCSEL”) array
Paired with our digital SPAD SoC is an array of VCSELs. By using VCSEL technology, we can place our laser emitters into a dense array. This dense, compact approach enables us to increase our resolution without increasing the size or complexity of our sensors.
Embedded software
Our existing embedded software is field-upgradeable, which enables us to customize and improve our sensor’s capabilities. We believe that the flexibility of this existing embedded software, together with embedded software that we develop in the future, will create an avenue for software-based enhancements of performance and customization of our products that will be capable of addressing myriad end-market customers’ specific technical requirements.
Our Product Portfolio
Using an array of eye-safe lasers, our lidar solutions measure distances in the environment at the speed of light. Unlike camera-based solutions, lidar solutions allow machines to see in 3D by providing precise distance measurements of surrounding objects. Lidar also performs better than cameras in low light conditions and produces fewer errors. Compared to radar, lidar provides better resolution, perceiving objects’ shapes for superior object detection and classification. Lidar systems currently being tested are designed to detect pedestrians equally well during daytime and nighttime conditions because the systems provide self-illumination by means of laser beams.
In October of 2021, Ouster acquired Sense Photonics, Inc. (“Sense”) a developer of solid-state flash lidar based on VCSEL and SPAD technology. This acquisition enables the development of our DF sensor line which leverages technology and engineering expertise from both companies. In February 2023, Ouster merged with Velodyne, a global player in lidar sensors solutions. As a result, we currently offer two digital lidar product lines, the “OS” scanning sensors, the “DF” solid-state flash sensors, and certain analog sensors of the Puck family and the Alpha Prime.
OS Product line
Introduced in 2018, our OS product line today features four different sensor models available in numerous configurations. The OS product line, based on our fifth-generation L3 SoC, is available in four different models to meet the needs of our end customers. The model options include the hemispheric field of view OSDome, the ultra-wide view “OS0,” the mid-range “OS1,” and the long-range “OS2.” Within each of these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligationmodels we offer numerous configuration options, including but not limited to updatedifferent resolutions, connection standards, and data output structures. As we continue to release new generations of the silicon CMOS SoCs that power the OS product line, we expect the performance of the sensors to improve.
On October 19, 2022, we announced the launch of our newest OS series scanning sensors, REV7, powered by our next-generation L3 chip. REV7 features the all-new OSDome sensor, as well as upgraded OS0, OS1, and OS2 sensors that deliver double the range, enhanced object detection, increased precision and accuracy, and greater reliability. The new REV7 sensors offer performance upgrades that we believe will enhance our market opportunity, driven by new opportunities for longer-range and mapping applications.
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oust-20221231_g1.jpg
Resolution options (channels): 64 and 128
Range (@ 80% reflectivity): 45 meters
Field of View (FoV): 90° vertical FoV & 360° horizontal FoV
Horizontal resolution (@ 10 Hz): 2048
Precision: up to ±1.0
Points per second (@128 channels): 5.2 million
 Power consumption: 14 – 20 W
Environmental protection: IP68, IP69K
Customization options: 30+
Illustrative use cases: Factory AGVs, Automated forklifts, Building security, Crowd analytics, Retail analytics
oust-20221231_g2.jpg
Resolution options (channels): 32, 64 and 128
Range (@ 80% reflectivity): 75 meters
Field of View (FoV): 90° vertical FoV & 360° horizontal FoV
Horizontal resolution (@ 10 Hz): 2048
Precision: up to ±1.0 cm
Points per second (@128 channels): 5.2 million
 Power consumption: 14 – 20 W
Environmental protection: IP68, IP69K
Customization options: 30+
Illustrative use cases: Factory AGVs, Automated forklifts, Robo-taxis, Building security, Autonomous shuttles, Anonymous People counting
oust-20221231_g3.jpg
Resolution options (channels): 32, 64 and 128
 Range (@80% reflectivity): 170 meters
 FoV: 45° vertical FoV & 360° horizontal FoV
Horizontal resolution (@ 10 Hz): 2048
 Precision: up to ±0.5 cm
Points per second: 5.2 million
Power consumption: 14 – 20 W
Customization options: 30+
 Environmental protection: IP68, IP69K
Illustrative use cases: Last-mile delivery robots, Autonomous trucking, Autonomous mining vehicles, Autonomous agricultural vehicles, Mapping, Autonomous buses, Autonomous drones, Traffic safety
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oust-20221231_g4.jpg
Resolution options (channels): 32, 64 and 128
Range (@ 80% reflectivity): 350 meters
FoV: 22.5° vertical FoV & 360° horizontal FoV
Horizontal resolution (@ 10 Hz): 2048
Precision: up to ±2.5 cm
Points per second (@128 channels): 2.6 million
Power consumption: 18 – 24 W
Customization options: 15+
Environmental protection: IP68, IP69K
Illustrative use cases: Autonomous trucking, Robo-taxis, Autonomous shuttles, Mapping, Traffic analytics, Autonomous mining, Building security
Product customization
Within our OS sensor models, we offer numerous customization options, all enabled by embedded software. The OSDome offers resolution options of 64 and 128 lines vertically, each in a uniform beam spacing configuration. For each of our other three OS models, we offer resolution options of 128 lines vertically (“channels”), 64 channels, or revise any forward-looking statements, whether32 channels. Additionally, within the 64 and 32 channel options, we offer further customization to determine the channels are distributed throughout the vertical field-of-view. These options for beam spacing are: uniform (evenly distributed channels), gradient (denser channels around the center of the vertical field-of-view and sparser by the top and bottom edges), below horizon (evenly spaced on the bottom half of the field of view), and above horizon (evenly spaced in the top half of the field-of-view). Illustrative beam spacing options for the OS1 model are found below:
oust-20221231_g5.jpg
oust-20221231_g6.jpg
In addition to beam spacing options, we also offer a “Privacy Mode” configuration on all four OS sensor models which removes data that could potentially be used for facial recognition purposes. Through our existing and future embedded software, and as a result of our enhanced operational capacity stemming from the Velodyne Merger we anticipate offering additional customizable options to our customers as demand increases. Because these configurations are offered through software, the incremental cost of additional options is lower than the cost of designing new hardware, giving us the operational flexibility to respond to evolving market demands.


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DF product line
The DF series is a suite of short, mid, and long-range solid-state digital lidar sensors. The solid-state DF series is a leader in the market with superior reliability, durability, and affordability. The DF series is designed to meet automaker requirements for advanced driver assistance systems (“ADAS”) and automated driving, while seamlessly integrating into the vehicle architecture and design.
The DF product line was specifically engineered to meet consumer ADAS performance requirements and certifications related to automotive functional safety and reliability. Its key features include high resolution sensors, adaptability, and scalability.
High resolution. The patented breakthrough solid-state digital flash architecture produces high-resolution 3D point clouds.
Adaptability. The multi-sensor suite is a flexible platform that can be easily adapted to different form-factors and sensor configurations to provide varying ranges, fields of view, and vehicle design freedoms – all with a simple change in optics or housing.
Scalability. The solid-state DF product line is highly manufacturable and offers the durability, reliability, and affordability needed for automotive series production. We are offering individual solid-state sensors as well as a multi-sensor lidar suite at a price point that we believe could enable broad adoption in consumer vehicles. We believe that we are well-positioned to deliver on OEM requirements with a single supplier offering, reducing overall costs and making us a preferred potential partner for both automotive OEMs and Tier 1s.
Velodyne Lidar Sensors
We also offer certain surround-view lidar sensors that Velodyne previously marketed. These products are listed below and support numerous end applications, including autonomous vehicles, drones, security, mobile robots and mapping.
Alpha Prime (VLS-128) is capable of 300-meter range. It is specifically designed for autonomous driving and advanced vehicle safety at highway speeds. This lidar sensor incorporates 128 lasers and provides real-time 3D data up to 0.1-degree vertical and horizontal resolution. The Alpha Prime provides a superior combination of range, resolution and precision to enable Level 4 and Level 5 autonomous vehicles to function both at highway speeds as well as in low-speed urban environments. This product was recognized at the Pace Automotive Award in 2019.
Ultra Puck (VLP-32) is the third generation of the Puck family. The high-density, long-range image generated by the Ultra Puck makes it a desirable solution for robotics, mapping, security, driver assistance and autonomous navigation. The Ultra Puck also enables our Intelligent Infrastructure Solutions (“IIS”) (discussed below under the Software section). Ultra Puck uses 32 lasers to double the range and resolution of its predecessor at a range of up to 200 meters. Ultra Puck also introduces firing exclusion and advanced features designed to minimize false positives.
Puck (VLP-16) offers 16 lasers and a 100-meter range. Developed with mass production and affordability in mind, the Puck retains the multi-laser design while offering lower power consumption, a lighter weight and a more compact footprint at an attractive price point, making it suitable for low-speed autonomy and driver assistance applications.
Puck Hi-Res (VLP-16 Hi-Res) is a further iteration of the original Puck and is designed for applications requiring high image resolution. While also retaining surround view and 100-meter range, this sensor compresses the vertical field-of-view from 30 degrees to 20 degrees for a tighter laser distribution spaced at 1.33 degrees instead of 2.00 degrees. This design delivers more details in the 3D image at longer ranges and enables the host system to not only detect, but also better identify objects at these greater distances.
Ouster Software
Ouster Gemini is a perception platform designed for deployments in crowd analytics, security, retail analytics, and intelligent transportation systems (ITS), and is optimized exclusively for Ouster’s digital lidar sensors. The Gemini platform consists of OS series lidar sensors, edge processor hardware, and perception software.
The Ouster Gemini platform works by detecting and classifying humans in an indoor space such as a retail store or an outdoor space such as a high-security perimeter. Gemini enables our customers to track people through a covered area which can be expanded by meshing lidar sensors together to form a single, cohesive 3D view. This approach has several advantages compared to other people tracking and security solutions, and can be used to replace or enhance existing camera, radar, or RF beacon-based systems:
Detection accuracy. Gemini perception software is specifically optimized to take advantage of the rich and robust data provided by Ouster’s digital lidar sensors. The high resolution and improved range of our digital lidar sensors enhance the detection, classification, and tracking accuracy of the perception software. Ouster’s newest digital lidar
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sensors also enable significantly improved detection performance in low-light and adverse weather conditions as compared to earlier models.
Uninterrupted tracking. Gemini enables seamless tracking of objects across an entire area. Users can easily mesh multiple lidar sensors together within the Gemini software interface, allowing a seamless 3D view of object movement throughout the space.
Easy setup and administration. The simplicity of the Gemini platform, along with its intuitive user interface, enables customers to install, configure, and maintain the system with ease.
Privacy-preserving. Gemini does not output any personally identifiable information, allowing customers to deploy advanced monitoring systems in public or sensitive areas without privacy concerns.
BlueCity
BlueCity AI software enables users to monitor traffic networks and public spaces and generates real-time data analytics and predictions, which we believe can be used to improve traffic and crowd flow efficiency, advance sustainability and protect vulnerable road users in a wide range of weather and lighting conditions.
Product Roadmap And Development
We currently expect that our future eventsdigital lidar product developments will be primarily driven by improvements to our semiconductors—the receiver SoC and VCSEL laser array— with little to no impact on the designs or otherwise, exceptarchitecture of our sensors.
We expect to maintain our OS product line with our four current sensor models. Our product roadmap primarily consists of designing, building, and integrating improved semiconductors into the OS product line, which we anticipate will improve the range and resolution of our sensors, among other features, without substantial changes to the form factor of our sensors.
We have already shipped functional forward-facing prototypes for the automotive ADAS market. After the initial release, we anticipate our DF product line will improve in performance over time as we improve our core SoC and laser components.
Our Customers
We target four markets globally: industrial; smart infrastructure; robotics; and automotive. In total, we shipped sensors to over 690 customers in 2022 across these diversified use cases. For the year ended December 31, 2022, no single customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenue from product sales. Following the Velodyne Merger, the combined company now supports over 850 customers in approximately 50 countries.
Industrial Automation
Our customers in the industrial market are generally engaged in the manufacturing, operation, or after-market modification of heavy industrial machinery, which includes automated guided vehicles (“AGVs”), autonomous mobile robots (“AMRs”), mining vehicles, large material handling vehicles such as forklifts, construction vehicles, agricultural vehicles, and port machinery among other machines. Lidar is used on heavy machinery to enable autonomous usage of the machinery and to improve worker safety. We believe that our industrial customers value the high resolution, range, small form factor, and high reliability of our digital lidar sensors.
Smart Infrastructure
Our customers in the smart infrastructure market are generally engaged in monitoring and analyzing pedestrian and vehicle movements for the purpose of providing building security, tracking and analyzing human movement patterns and improving roadway safety and efficiency. This market includes federal, state, and local governments as well as private commercial businesses. Unlike traditional cameras, our lidar sensors provide accurate spatial data in low lighting conditions while safeguarding privacy concerns. We believe that our smart infrastructure customers value the high resolution, 360° horizontal field-of-view, and high reliability of our digital lidar sensors. Powered by our lidar sensors and software solutions, give smart infrastructure customers the ability to detect, classify, and track people and vehicles through an easy to use software user interface, allowing them to interact with lidar data indirectly and in a task-relevant manner.
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Robotics
Our customers in the robotics industry are generally engaged in the design, production, operation, or after-market modification of small mobile human-less vehicles, which includes wheeled robots, legged robots, and drones among other vehicles. Our customers in the robotics market include both commercial entities and nonprofit entities, such as research institutions. Our customers in the robotics market are installing lidar sensors for autonomous navigation, collision avoidance, and mapping in order to provide services such as last-mile delivery, street sweeping, and asset inspection. We believe our robotics customers value the high resolution, wide vertical field-of-view, and high reliability of our lidar sensors.
Automotive
Our customers in the automotive industry fall into two categories: customers developing various forms of self-driving technology for driverless mobility and freight applications, and companies developing consumer ADAS. Both groups are generally engaged in the design, production, manufacture, operation, or after-market modification of automobiles, which includes consumer and commercial vehicles, commercial heavy trucks, and buses among other vehicles. Automotive customers use lidar as a core component in ADAS and for autonomous driving. We believe that our automotive customers value the high resolution, high reliability, and cost of our lidar technology.
Our Competitive Strengths
We believe the following strengths will allow us to maintain and extend our position as a leading provider in high-resolution lidar solutions.
Patented digital lidar technology
Since we invented and patented our digital lidar technology in 2015, we have launched a suite of products built on a shared architecture. Our proprietary SoC replaces hundreds to thousands of discrete components with a single tightly integrated SPAD receiver array, and our high-efficiency VCSEL array integrates every laser into a single die. Moreover, our patented micro-optical system increases digital lidar performance by the equivalent of an orders-of-magnitude increase in detector efficiency. We believe that this architecture will allow us to continue to increase sensor performance while reducing its cost for many years to come. The Sense acquisition and the Velodyne Merger have enabled us to acquire additional intellectual property, which we believe will continue to distinguish us in the lidar space and provides a strong foundation for our DF sensors.
High performance at an affordable price
As we introduce future generations of our proprietary SoC, we expect to be able to offer improved resolution, range, precision, reliability, and unlock new data types. Our simple digital architecture shared across our products results in a single manufacturing process and common supply chain for all of our sensor models that we believe results in cost advantages that help us offer lower prices to our customers while maintaining gross margins.
Flexible and scalable product architecture
Our products employ a software-defined architecture, enabling rapid customization in the software layer, and a simple shared hardware architecture for scalable manufacturing. With software-defined products continuing to drive low-cost customization, we expect to develop new SKUs for industry-specific applications, expanding our product offering without requiring significant manufacturing or inventory changes.
Large and diversified customer base
As our integration with Velodyne’s operations progresses, we continue to diversify our customer base by solidifying our presence in all four of our targeted markets, which we believe gives us several advantages. First, our customer and market diversity add stability to our business. By diversifying our customer base, we are able to reduce our exposure to the risk of customer development delays or regulatory changes that may affect our sales to a single customer or in a particular market rather than all four of the targeted markets. Second, we believe that a large, diverse customer base will ultimately result in more engaged customers purchasing our products and help us to achieve higher sales more quickly than other companies that depend on a smaller set of customers in fewer markets. As we increase our sales volume, we expect our cost per sensor to decrease, allowing us to compete more effectively in each of the targeted markets.
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Volume manufacturing today
To achieve our vision of making lidar technology widely adopted, we designed our technology for high-volume manufacturing. We are expanding our manufacturing capacity by outsourcing manufacturing to the Thailand facility of our manufacturing partners Benchmark, Fabrinet and other third-party suppliers. We believe these relationships provide multiple benefits, including the ability to leverage our partners’ manufacturing capacity to help us scale our production.
Digital solid-state technology positioned to capture automotive scale
We expect that our prospective ADAS customers will select lidar suppliers primarily based on the anticipated ability to meet performance, reliability, design, and cost requirements. We believe that the solid-state digital lidar technology in our DF sensors will meet these performance, reliability, design, and cost requirements of ADAS, and lead to production wins and growth in this segment.
Highly reliable and rugged technology
In addition to high performance, comparatively low cost, and high customization flexibility, our sensors are designed to be highly reliable. Our OS product line of sensors have achieved the highest ingress ratings in the industry—IP68 and IP69K—meaning they can survive submersion in up to 1 meter of water for 30 minutes and withstand high-temperature power washing. We believe Ouster has one of the lowest field failure rates in the industry, which reduces the total cost of ownership of our sensors.
Visionary management team
Innovation is central to our corporate culture. Ouster’s co-founders Angus Pacala and Mark Frichtl have almost two decades of combined experience in lidar engineering. In collaboration with our executive management team, they drive our vision and corporate strategy. We believe that the digital lidar technology invented by our founders will continue to drive significant improvements in autonomous technology. As the Company has developed, we have built a strong supporting team, adding leaders in sales, marketing, operations, engineering, manufacturing, legal, and finance.
Our Growth Strategies
Our growth strategy is based upon three components: the attractive performance and cost economics of our digital lidar technology, the introduction of value-added software, and focused commercial execution.
Today, our digital lidar technology powers OS and DF sensors that are high performance, highly customizable, reliable, and available at a competitive price point. As we continue to upgrade the SoCs powering our OS and DF sensors, we expect to improve the performance of our sensors without significant negative impact to sensor cost or form factor. We plan to leverage this dynamic to grow our sensor sales by steadily improving our product performance while consistently maintaining a competitive price point.
We believe the introduction of value-added software that aids in the processing of lidar data presents a significant growth opportunity. For existing lidar users, software has the potential to decrease development time and improve system performance. For customers who historically rely on other sensor modalities or lack technical expertise, the introduction of software such as Ouster Gemini can catalize the adoption of lidar by processing the raw lidar data and outputting abstracted data in a user-friendly interface.
In addition to our sensor and software growth opportunities, we believe we can increase our growth through commercial execution excellence. By building a commercial organization with highly-skilled employees and efficient processes and systems, we believe we can improve our customer acquisition, accelerate existing customer growth, increase sales through distribution networks, and build valuable strategic partnerships.
Key elements of our growth strategy include:
Pursue strategic transactions
We have explored and may continue to explore strategic acquisitions, mergers or other transactions as a means to complement our technology and digital lidar architecture. For example, in February 2023, we completed our merger of equals with Velodyne which we expect will help us to strengthen our financial position, technology portfolio and software offering. While we see significant and growing demand for our products today, we believe such transactions can create
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more expansive use cases for our products, provide greater access to our current target markets, or enable us to access additional markets.
Expand our distribution network
While the majority of our sales are direct to customers, we also sell our sensors through a domestic and international distribution network, which has expanded as a result of the recent Velodyne Merger. We believe these distributors enable us to reach more end customers in an operationally efficient manner. We plan to grow our existing network and establish new distribution partnerships in regions where we do not currently have partnerships. By leveraging these relationships, we believe we will be able to reach more customers faster and rapidly grow our sales.
Execute on our product roadmap
We continue to place a priority on innovation and product development. We plan to continue improving our product performance and adding unique functionality while maintaining a competitive price point. We believe that improving our products at a consistently competitive price positions us to win new and expanded business opportunities in our target markets over time.
Commercialize digital lidar for emerging automotive opportunity
We believe that our cost-reduced solid-state DF sensor will meet the automotive industry’s requirements for performance, cost, and reliability in ADAS applications. As development progresses, we will strive to build and maintain relationships with global automotive OEMs and Tier 1s to further strengthen demand.
Expand our worldwide sales and marketing presence
To further grow our market share in our target markets, we intend to continue to strategically hire globally, scaling our commercial team to serve the needs of each end market. As our market presence grows through targeted sales and marketing activity, we believe our customer base will grow. For example, following our recent merger with Velodyne, we now support over 850 customers in approximately 50 countries. In addition, we are increasingly cross-selling within accounts, accessing new projects and opportunities within accounts where we have a beachhead position and increasing the number of addressable opportunities.
Grow sales volumes from existing accounts
We aim to create an established customer base in each of our four target markets that can be further strengthened as our relationships with customers mature. As our customers move through our pipeline from benchtop evaluation to pilot evaluation, to pre-production, and finally to production—we believe our order volumes will increase at each stage in the sales process. We expect that moving to series production can provide a material increase of up to several orders of magnitude in annual sales volume for each given customer program. Sales for these programs are often, but not always, memorialized in multi-year contracts that provide a closer relationship to the customer and increased growth opportunities for us.
Expand our partner ecosystem
Effectively integrating and using a lidar sensor can be a complex task for some end customers. An ecosystem of value-added software and integrator companies is growing across the world, offering perception software and tailored solutions for our target markets. We have relationships with many of these companies, and have collaborated with some of them to develop software and services based on our sensors. We intend to further develop complementary solutions and integration services that we believe will provide potential customers with the requisite technical know-how and we expect that this will accelerate our sales growth.
Manufacturing
We have invested a significant amount of time and resources in streamlining our production process and additional efforts will be required as we continue to integrate our operations with those of Velodyne. Our current key manufacturing partners include Benchmark and Fabrinet. Our optical alignment processes are partially or completely automated, which reduces manufacturing time and increases our production output. Our sensors also undergo application-focused final testing, which allows us to understand the real-world performance of our sensors before they are shipped to customers, reducing returned merchandise costs. We have also invested in building manufacturing process control systems, which provide real-time production information on the sensors produced in Thailand through integrated data stores and dashboards. This streamlined production process aims at lowering manufacturing, labor and overhead cost per unit.
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Competition
There is an increasing demand for lidar to help advance automated systems with the intended goal of increasing safety, improving efficiency and enhancing productivity. Lidar’s status as a critical sensor in many applications gives us the opportunity to add enhanced value to customers by providing comprehensive solutions. There is increasing adoption of lidar across a wide variety of industries. We believe there is a continual need to increase accuracy for 3D mapping information to understand the surrounding environment and movement patterns to improve transportation logistics and enhance traffic efficiency. As a result, we compete against several companies developing lidar solutions for incorporation into these developing applications, some of which may be similar to ours. Our competitors may include and are not limited to: AEye, Aeva Inc., Cepton Technologies, Innoviz Technologies, Hesai Technology, Luminar Technologies, MicroVision, RoboSense, and SICK.
Additionally, some of our targeted customers may have their own internal lidar development programs. Although we believe our line of products and innovation support position us as a leader in the lidar market, we will continue to face competition from existing, established market competitors with greater resources and new companies developing lidar solutions for the industrial, smart infrastructure, robotics and automotive industries.
Sales And Marketing
We maintain a global sales presence across the Americas, Europe, Middle East, Africa, and Asia and Pacific markets. We sell directly to the majority of our customers and have also developed a global network of active distributors to sell, install and support our solutions. Our commercial team is made up of experienced leaders who have been developing a focused sales organization geared towards ramping our sales pipeline. We continue to expand our sales efforts to grow orders from existing customers and market our products to attract new customers. We plan to continue to expand and optimize our dealer network to ensure that we have sufficient geographic coverage across both existing and new markets.
We take a targeted marketing approach to each of our four focused markets. We develop and publish digital content designed to educate our audience on how to use Ouster’s products, and selectively use other channels and advertising methods to attract customers. We leverage opportunities to present and speak at market-specific conferences, executive events, trade shows and industry events to further develop our brand and reputation. These opportunities also allow us to showcase our technology and attract additional customer interest. Through customer feedback, industry events and strategic relationships, we continue to identify the evolving needs of our customers and, as a result, develop new and improved solutions. In addition, we have a robust social media presence and are investing in various digital marketing strategies and tools to further reach customers as well as build our brand. From time to time, we sponsor universities and other non-profit organizations to increase awareness of our technology and showcase its capabilities.
Research and Development
We have invested significant resources into research and development of our lidar-based technologies. We believe our ability to maintain a leadership position depends in part on our ongoing research and development activities.
Our research and development activities are primarily based in San Francisco, California, and Edinburgh, Scotland. Our research and development team is responsible for the design, development, manufacturing and testing of our products. We focus our efforts on the development of digital lidar technology, software functionality, solutions, and innovative manufacturing technologies. The research and development team also partners with our operations and supply chain teams to develop scalable and reliable manufacturing processes and aid in supply chain planning and diversification. Our team consists of engineers, technicians, scientists, operators and professionals with experience from a wide variety of the world’s leading sensing, engineering, consumer electronics, and automotive organizations.
Government Regulation
While the U.S. has historically provided a positive legal landscape that allows safe testing and development of autonomous features, with nuances that vary from state to state, we are subject to the non-exhaustive list of regulations set forth below.
As a lidar technology company, we are subject to the Electronic Product Radiation Control Provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. These requirements are enforced by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). Electronic product radiation includes laser technology. Regulations governing these products are intended to protect the public from hazardous or unnecessary exposure. Manufacturers are required to certify in product labeling and reports to the FDA that their products comply with applicable performance standards as well as maintain manufacturing, testing and distribution records for their products. Furthermore, we are also subject to similar internationally harmonized standards and regulations governing the safe use of laser products. Based upon successful evaluations of the applicable laser products, followed by
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written attestation by international third-party certification agencies, manufacturers are required to create Self Declarations of Compliance (“SDOC”) of their products to such regulations, and label their products accordingly.
Our products and solutions are also subject to U.S. and foreign trade and customs product classifications, including the U.S. Export Administration Regulations, U.S. Customs regulations and various economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Controls. U.S. export control laws and regulations and economic sanctions prohibit the shipment of certain products and services to countries, governments, and persons targeted by U.S. sanctions.
Similarly, we are also subject to sourcing regulations such as the requirements under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 and the EU Conflict Minerals Regulation 2017/821, that will require us to carefully monitor our supply chain. The implementation of these requirements could adversely affect the sourcing, availability and pricing of the materials that may be used in the manufacture of components used in our products.
Our customers may use our products in applications that are regulated and/or subject to industry standards. Such applications require that our products comply with the applicable securities laws.

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PART I

References in this reportregulations and standards, including, but not limited to, “we,” “us” or the “Company” referfunctional safety, cybersecurity, product safety and product performance standards. For example, we continue to Colonnade Acquisition Corp. Referencesadd features to our “management” orexisting OS line, and we expect to design, engineer and test our “management team” refernew DF product line, to meet evolving U.S. and international consumer product safety and performance requirements as well as Automotive and Industrial Functional Safety, Cybersecurity and performance certifications designed to ensure the safe deployment and operation of autonomous vehicles, automotive ADAS, industrial machines and robots. Significant foreign markets also continue to develop their own respective standards to define deployment requirements for higher levels of autonomy in these jurisdictions.

Our operations are subject to various international, federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the occupational health and safety of our officersemployees and directors, and referenceswage regulations. We are subject to the “Sponsor” referrequirements of the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration, as amended, (“OSHA”), and comparable international, state and local laws that protect and regulate employee health and safety.
Finally, as companies operating in similar industries, we are subject to Colonnade Sponsor LLC,environmental regulation, including water use, air emissions, use of recycled materials, energy sources, the storage, handling, treatment, transportation and disposal of hazardous materials and the remediation of environmental contamination. Compliance with these laws, rules and regulations may include permits, licenses and inspections of our facilities and products.
Human Capital
As of December 31, 2022, we employed approximately 200 people on a Delaware limited liability company. Referencesfull-time basis in the United States and 70 people on a full-time basis internationally, either directly through our international subsidiaries or through a professional employer organization. We also engaged a certain number of consultants and independent contractors to supplement our “initial shareholders” referpermanent workforce. None of our employees are currently represented by a labor union or covered by collective bargaining agreements. We believe we have strong and positive relations with our employees.
Diversity and Inclusion. To attract, motivate and retain a highly-skilled workforce throughout our organization, we are focused on facilitating a safe and inclusive work environment that leverages the capabilities of our employees and encourages diversity of thought. In furtherance of these objectives, we provide Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging training for our employees to promote a healthy and inclusive organizational culture.
Employee engagement. We prioritize employee engagement and value employee feedback, which we gauge through an annual employee engagement survey that allows us to monitor both engagement and satisfaction and provides an additional reference point for evaluating initiatives aimed at enhancing our employees’ experience.
Compensation and Benefits. We offer attractive compensation and benefit packages, which may include depending on location and eligibility, annual bonuses, paid time-off, 401(k) and Company match up to 4% (subject to the holdersIRS annual limit), stock awards, employee stock purchase plans, health and wellness programs and other benefits. Our long-term equity compensation is intended to align management interests with those of our Class B ordinary shares (the “Founder Shares”).

ITEM 1. BUSINESS.

Introduction

We arestockholders and to encourage the creation of long-term value.

Additional Information
CLA, our legal predecessor, was originally a blank check company incorporated on June 4, 2020 as a Cayman Islands exempted company on June 4, 2020. CLA was formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. We have neither engagedIn March, 2021, CLA reincorporated in any operations nor generated any revenue
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Delaware and consummated a merger with OTI pursuant to date. Based on our business activities,an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 21, 2020. OTI was incorporated in the Company is a “shell company” as defined under the Exchange Actstate of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) because we have no operations and nominal assets consisting almost entirely of cash.

On August 25, 2020, we consummated our initial public offering (the “Public Offering”) of 20,000,000 units. Each unit consists of one Class A ordinary share and one-half of one redeemable warrant. Each warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one Class A ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share. The units were sold at an offering price of $10.00 per unit, generating gross proceeds, before expenses, of $200,000,000. Prior to the consummation of the Public Offering,Delaware on June 30, 2020, the Sponsor received 5,750,000 Founder Shares in exchange2015.

Our Internet address is https://ouster.com. At our Investor Relations website, https://investors.ouster.com, we make available free of charge a variety of information for a capital contribution of $25,000, or $0.004 per share. The Sponsor surrendered 750,000 Founder Shares to the Company for no consideration in connection with the underwriters’ election to not exercise the over-allotment option relating to the Public Offering at the end of the 45-day option period on October 5, 2020.

Simultaneously with the consummation of the Public Offering, we consummated the private sale of an aggregate of 6,000,000 warrants, each exercisable to purchase one Class A ordinary share at $11.50 per share, to the Sponsor at the time of the Public Offering (and/or one or more of their estate planning vehicles) at a price of $1.00 per warrant, generating gross proceeds, before expenses, of approximately $6,000,000 (the “Private Placement”). The warrants sold in the Private Placement, or the private placement warrants, are identical to the warrants included in the units sold in the Public Offering, except that, so long as they are held by their initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, (i) they will not be redeemable by the Company, (ii) they (including the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of these warrants) may not, subject to certain limited exceptions, be transferred, assigned or sold until 30 days after the Company completes its initial business combination, (iii) they may be exercised by the holders on a cashless basis and (iv) they will be entitled to registration rights.

Upon the closing of the Public Offering and the Private Placement, $200,000,000 was placed in a trust account with Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company acting as trustee (the “Trust Account”). Except with respect to interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account that may be released to the Company to pay its taxes, if any, the funds held in the Trust Account will not be released from the Trust Account until the earliest of (i) the completion of the Company’s initial business combination, (ii) the redemption ofinvestors, including our public shares if we are unable to complete our initial business combination by August 25, 2022, subject to applicable law, or (iii) the redemption of the Company’s public shares properly submitted in connection with a shareholder vote to amend its amended and restated memorandum and articles of association to modify the substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to provide for the redemption of its public shares in connection with an initial business combination or to redeem 100% of the public shares if the Company has not consummated an initial business combination by August 25, 2022. The proceeds held in the Trust Account will be invested only in U.S. government treasury obligations with a maturity of 185 days or less or in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations. The proceeds deposited in the Trust Account could become subject to the claims of the Company’s creditors, if any, which could have priority over the claims of its public shareholders.

After the payment of underwriting discounts and commissions (excluding the deferred portion of $7,000,000 in underwriting discounts and commissions, which amount will be payable upon consummation of our initial business combination if consummated) and approximately $1,000,000 in expenses relating to the Public Offering, approximately $1,000,000 of the net proceeds of the Public Offering and Private Placement was not deposited into the Trust Account and was retained by us for working capital purposes. The net proceeds deposited into the Trust Account remain on deposit in the Trust Account earning interest. As of December 31, 2020 there was approximately $200,061,054 in investments and cash held in the Trust Account and approximately $697,957 of cash held outside the Trust Account available for working capital purposes.

On December 21, 2020, we entered into a merger agreement, with Beam Merger Sub, Inc. (“Merger Sub”) and Ouster, Inc. (“Ouster”), relating to a proposed business combination transaction (the “Business Combination”) between the Company and Ouster (the “Merger Agreement”).

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Company will domesticate as a Delaware corporation (and will be renamed “Ouster PubCo”) and Merger Sub, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, will merge with and into Ouster, the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub will cease and Ouster will be the surviving corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger”). In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company will change its name to “Ouster, Inc.”

The Merger Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants by the parties thereto and the closing is subject to certain conditions as further described in the Merger Agreement.

For additional information regarding Ouster, the Merger Agreement and the Business Combination, see the definitive proxy statement/prospectus filed by the Company on February 18, 2021.

Other than as specifically discussed, this report does not assume the closing of the Business Combination.

Effecting Our Initial Business Combination

General

We are not presently engaged in, and we will not engage in, any operations for an indefinite period of time. We intend to effectuate our initial business combination using cash held in the Trust Account, our equity, debt or a combination of these as the consideration to be paid in our initial business combination. We may seek to complete our initial business combination with a company or business that may be financially unstable or in its early stages of development or growth, which would subject us to the numerous risks inherent in such companies and businesses.

If our initial business combination is paid for using equity or debt securities, or not all of the funds released from the Trust Account are used for payment of the consideration in connection with our initial business combination or used for redemptions of our shares of Class A common stock, we may apply the balance of the cash released to us from the Trust Account for general corporate purposes, including for maintenance or expansion of operations of the post-transaction company, the payment of principal or interest due on indebtedness incurred in completing our initial business combination, to fund the purchase of other companies or for working capital.

Selection of Target Businesses

While we may pursue a business combination target in any business or industry, we intend to focus our search for a business combination on businesses that complement our management team’s expertise and network of relationships in the natural resources, energy, real estate and agricultural industries.

We anticipate that target business candidates will be brought to our attention from various unaffiliated sources, including investment bankers and private investment funds. Target businesses may be brought to our attention by such unaffiliated sources as a result of being solicited by us through calls or mailings. These sources may also introduce us to target businesses in which they think we may be interested on an unsolicited basis, since many of these sources will know what types of businesses we are targeting. Our officers and directors, as well as their affiliates, may also bring to our attention target business candidates of which they become aware through their business contacts as a result of formal or informal inquiries or discussions they may have, as well as attending trade shows or conventions. In addition, we expect to receive a number of proprietary deal flow opportunities that would not otherwise necessarily be available to us as a result of the track record and business relationships of our officers and directors.

The rules of the NYSE require that we must consummate an initial business combination with one or more operating businesses or assets with a fair market value equal to at least 80% of the net assets held in the Trust Account (excluding the amount of any deferred underwriting discount held in trust) at the time of signing a definitive agreement in connection with our initial business combination.

We are not prohibited from pursuing an initial business combination with a business combination target that is affiliated with our Sponsor, officers or directors, or from completing the business combination through a joint venture or other form of shared ownership with our Sponsor, officers or directors. In the event we seek to complete our initial business combination with a business combination target that is affiliated with our Sponsor, officers or directors, we, or a committee of independent directors, would obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm which is a member of FINRA or a valuation or appraisal firm, that such an initial business combination is fair to our company from a financial point of view. We are not required to obtain such an opinion in any other context.

In evaluating a prospective target business, we expect to conduct a due diligence review which may encompass, among other things, meetings with incumbent management and employees, document reviews, interviews of customers and suppliers, inspection of facilities, as applicable, as well as a review of financial, operational, legal and other information which will be made available to us. If we determine to move forward with a particular target, we will proceed to structure and negotiate the terms of the business combination transaction.

The time required to select and evaluate a target business and to structure and complete our initial business combination, and the costs associated with this process, are not currently ascertainable with any degree of certainty. Any costs incurred with respect to the identification and evaluation of, and negotiation with, a prospective target business with which our initial business combination is not ultimately completed will result in our incurring losses and will reduce the funds we can use to complete another business combination. The Company will not pay any consulting fees to members of our management team, or any of their respective affiliates, for services rendered to or in connection with our initial business combination.

Redemption Rights for Holders of Public Shares Upon Consummation of Our Initial Business Combination

We will provide our public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their public shares upon the completion of our initial business combination at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of our initial business combination, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to us to pay our taxes, divided by the number of then outstanding public shares, subject to the limitations and on the conditions described herein. The per share amount we will distribute to investors who properly redeem their shares will not be reduced by the deferred underwriting commissions we will pay to the underwriters. Our Sponsor, officers and directors have entered into a letter agreement with us, pursuant to which they have agreed to waive their redemption rights with respect to their Founder Shares and public shares in connection with the completion of our initial business combination.

Conduct of Redemptions Pursuant to Tender Offer Rules

If a shareholder vote is not required and we do not decide to hold a shareholder vote for business or other legal reasons, we will (a) conduct the redemptions pursuant to Rule 13e-4 and Regulation 14E of the Exchange Act, which regulate issuer tender offers, and (b) file tender offer documents with the SEC prior to completing our initial business combination which contain substantially the same financial and other information about our initial business combination and the redemption rights as is required under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, which regulates the solicitation of proxies.

Submission of Our Initial Business Combination to a Shareholder Vote

In the event that we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination, we will distribute proxy materials and, in connection therewith, provide our public shareholders with the redemption rights described above upon completion of the initial business combination.

If we seek shareholder approval, we will complete our initial business combination only if we receive an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, which requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shareholders who attend and vote at a general meeting of the Company. A quorum for such meeting will be present if the holders of a majority of issued and outstanding shares entitled to vote at the meeting are represented in person or by proxy. Our Sponsor, officers and directors will count toward this quorum and, pursuant to the letter agreement, our Sponsor, officers and directors have agreed to vote their Founder Shares, private placement shares and any public shares purchased during or after the Public Offering in favor of our initial business combination. Each public shareholder may elect to redeem their public shares irrespective of whether they vote for or against the proposed transaction or whether they were a public shareholder on the record date for the shareholder meeting held to approve the proposed transaction.

If we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our Sponsor, initial shareholders, directors, officers, advisors or their affiliates may purchase shares or public warrants in privately negotiated transactions or in the open market either prior to or following the completion of our initial business combination. There is no limit on the number of shares our initial shareholders, directors, officers, advisors or their affiliates may purchase in such transactions, subject to compliance with applicable law and NYSE rules. However, they have no current commitments, plans or intentions to engage in such transactions and have not formulated any terms or conditions for any such transactions. None of the funds held in the Trust Account will be used to purchase shares or public warrants in such transactions. If they engage in such transactions, they will not make any such purchases when they are in possession of any material nonpublic information not disclosed to the seller or if such purchases are prohibited by Regulation M under the Exchange Act. We do not currently anticipate that such purchases, if any, would constitute a tender offer subject to the tender offer rules under the Exchange Act or a going-private transaction subject to the going-private rules under the Exchange Act; however, if the purchasers determine at the time of any such purchases that the purchases are subject to such rules, the purchasers will comply with such rules. Any such purchases will be reported pursuant to Section 13 and Section 16 of the Exchange Act to the extent such purchasers are subject to such reporting requirements.

The purpose of any such purchases of shares could be to vote such shares in favor of the initial business combination and thereby increase the likelihood of obtaining shareholder approval of the initial business combination or to satisfy a closing condition in an agreement with a target that requires us to have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash at the closing of our initial business combination, where it appears that such requirement would otherwise not be met. The purpose of any such purchases of public warrants could be to reduce the number of public warrants outstanding or to vote such warrants on any matters submitted to the warrant holders for approval in connection with our initial business combination. Any such purchases of our securities may result in the completion of our initial business combination that may not otherwise have been possible. In addition, if such purchases are made, the public “float” of our Class A ordinary shares or warrants may be reduced and the number of beneficial holders of our securities may be reduced, which may make it difficult to maintain or obtain the quotation, listing or trading of our securities on a national securities exchange.

Limitation on Redemption Rights Upon Completion of Our Initial Business Combination If We Seek Stockholder Approval

Notwithstanding the foregoing redemption rights, if we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that a public shareholder, together with any affiliate of such shareholder or any other person with whom such shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from redeeming its shares with respect to more than an aggregate of 20% of the shares sold in the Public Offering without our prior consent. We believe the restriction described above will discourage shareholders from accumulating large blocks of shares, and subsequent attempts by such holders to use their ability to redeem their shares as a means to force us or our management to purchase their shares at a significant premium to the then-current market price or on other undesirable terms. Absent this provision, a public shareholder holding more than an aggregate of 20% of the shares sold in the Public Offering could threaten to exercise its redemption rights against a business combination if such holder’s shares are not purchased by us, our Sponsor or our management at a premium to the then-current market price or on other undesirable terms. By limiting our shareholders’ ability to redeem to no more than 20% of the shares sold in the Public Offering, we believe we will limit the ability of a small group of shareholders to unreasonably attempt to block our ability to complete our initial business combination, particularly in connection with a business combination with a target that requires as a closing condition that we have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash. However, we would not be restricting our shareholders’ ability to vote all of their shares (including all shares held by those shareholders that hold more than 20% of the shares sold in the Public Offering) for or against our initial business combination.

Redemption of Public Shares and Liquidation If No Initial Business Combination

Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that we will have only 24 months from the Public Offering to complete our initial business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination within such 24-month period, we will: (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the public shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (less taxes payable and up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding public shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidation distributions, if any) and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of our remaining shareholders and our board of directors, liquidate and dissolve, subject, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), to our obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and in all cases subject to the other requirements of applicable law. There will be no redemption rights or liquidating distributions with respect to our warrants, which will expire worthless if we fail to complete our initial business combination within the 24-month time period.

Competition

In identifying, evaluating and selecting a target business for our initial business combination, we may encounter competition from other entities having a business objective similar to ours, including other special purpose acquisition companies, private equity groups and leveraged buyout funds, public companies and operating businesses seeking strategic acquisitions. Many of these entities are well established and have extensive experience identifying and effecting business combinations directly or through affiliates. Moreover, many of these competitors possess similar or greater financial, technical, human and other resources than us. Our ability to acquire larger target businesses will be limited by our available financial resources. This inherent limitation gives others an advantage in pursuing the acquisition of a target business. Furthermore, our obligation to pay cash in connection with our public shareholders who exercise their redemption rights may reduce the resources available to us for our initial business combination and our issued and outstanding warrants, and the future dilution they potentially represent, may not be viewed favorably by certain target businesses. Either of these factors may place us at a competitive disadvantage in successfully negotiating an initial business combination.

Employees

We currently have four officers. Members of our management team are not obligated to devote any specific number of hours to the Company’s matters but they intend to devote as much of their time as they deem necessary to the Company’s affairs until we have completed our initial business combination. The amount of time that any members of our management team will devote in any time period will vary based on the current stage of the business combination process.

Available Information

We are required to file Annual Reports on Form 10-K, and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file that material with or furnish it to the SEC on a regular basis,SEC. Our website and the information included in or linked to our website are required to disclose certain material events (e.g., changes in corporate control, acquisitions or dispositionsnot part of a significant amount of assets other than in the ordinary course of business and bankruptcy) in a Currentthis Annual Report on Form 8-K. The SEC maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy10-K or any other report we file with, or furnish to, the SEC.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our business involves significant risks and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The SEC’s Internet website is located at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, the Company will provide copiesuncertainties, some of these documents without charge upon request from us in writing at 1400 Centrepark Blvd, Ste 810, West Palm Beach, FL 33401.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk.which are described below. You should consider carefully all ofconsider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K,10-K. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the prospectus associated withonly ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of or that we deem immaterial may also become important factors that adversely affect our initial public offering and the Registration Statement, before making a decision to invest in our securities. Ifbusiness. The realization of any of the following events occur,these risks and uncertainties could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations, growth and operating results may be materially adversely affected.future prospects as well as our ability to accomplish our strategic objectives. In that event, the tradingmarket price of our securitiescommon stock could decline and you could lose allpart or partall of your investment. For risk factors related

Risks Related to theOur Business Combination, see the definitive proxy statement/prospectus filed by the Company on February 18, 2021.

Risks Relating to our Search for, and Consummation of or Inability to Consummate, a Business Combination

We are a blank check company with noIndustry

Our limited operating history and no revenues, and you have no basis on whichmakes it difficult to evaluate our ability to achieve our business objective.

We arefuture prospects and the risks and challenges we may encounter.

Our company has a blank check company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands with no operating results. Because we lack anlimited operating history, you have no basis upon which to evaluate our ability to achieve our business objective of completing our initial business combination. We have no plans, arrangements or understandings with any prospective target business concerning a business combination and may be unable to complete our initial business combination. If we fail to complete our initial business combination, we will never generate anyhaving been in operation since 2015. Our limited operating revenues.

Our independent registered public accounting firm’s report contains an explanatory paragraph that expresses substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a “going concern.”

As of December 31, 2020, we had a working capital deficit of $1,336,251. Further, we have incurred and expect to continue to incur significant costs in pursuit of our financing and acquisition plans. We cannot assure you that our plans to raise capital or to complete an initial business combination will be successful. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements contained elsewhere in this report do not include any adjustments that might result from our inability to continue as a going concern.

Our public shareholders may not be afforded an opportunity to vote on our proposed initial business combination, and even if we hold a vote, holders of our Founder Shares will participate in such vote, which means we may complete our initial business combination even though a majority of our public shareholders do not support such a combination.

We may choose not to hold a shareholder vote to approve our initial business combination unless the business combination would require shareholder approval under applicable law or stock exchange listing requirements. In such case, the decision as to whether we will seek shareholder approval of a proposed business combination or will allow shareholders to sell their shares to us in a tender offer will be made by us, solely in our discretion, and will be based on a variety of factors, such as the timing of the transaction and whether the terms of the transaction would otherwise require us to seek shareholder approval. Even if we seek shareholder approval, the holders of our Founder Shares will participate in the vote on such approval. Accordingly, we may complete our initial business combination even if holders of a majority of our ordinary shares do not approve of the business combination we complete.

Your only opportunity to effect your investment decision regarding a potential business combination may be limited to the exercise of your right to redeem your shares from us for cash.

At the time of your investment in us, you will not be provided with an opportunity to evaluate the specific merits or risks of our initial business combination. Since our board of directors may complete a business combination without seeking shareholder approval, public shareholders may not have the right or opportunity to vote on the business combination, unless we seek such shareholder vote. Accordingly, your only opportunity to effect your investment decision regarding our initial business combination may be limited to exercising your redemption rights within the period of time (which will be at least 20 business days) set forth in our tender offer documents mailed to our public shareholders in which we describe our initial business combination.

If we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination, our initial shareholders and management team have agreed to vote in favor of such initial business combination, regardless of how our public shareholders vote.

Our initial shareholders owned 20% of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares immediately following the completion of the Public Offering. Our initial shareholders and management team also may from time to time purchase Class A ordinary shares prior to our initial business combination. Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provides that, if we seek shareholder approval of an initial business combination, such initial business combination will be approved if we receive an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, which requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shareholders who attend and vote at a general meeting of the Company, including the Founder Shares. As a result, in addition to our initial shareholders’ Founder Shares, we would need 7,500,001, or 37.5%, of the 20,000,000 public shares sold in the Public Offering to be voted in favor of an initial business combination in order to have our initial business combination approved (assuming all outstanding shares are voted). Accordingly, if we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination, the agreement by our initial shareholders and management team to vote in favor of our initial business combination will increase the likelihood that we will receive an ordinary resolution, being the requisite shareholder approval for such initial business combination.

The ability of our public shareholders to redeem their shares for cash may make our financial condition unattractive to potential business combination targets, which may makehistory makes it difficult for us to enterevaluate our future prospects. Certain factors that could alone or in combination prevent us from successfully commercializing our products include:

our reliance on third parties to manufacture our products or supply significant parts needed for our production process;
our ability to establish and maintain successful relationships with our manufacturers and suppliers;
our ability to tailor our commercial production depending on scale and on a cost-effective basis in a timely manner;
our ability to successfully expand our product offerings;
our ability to develop and protect intellectual property;
our ability to gain market acceptance of our products with customers and maintain and expand customer relationships;
the adaptability of our products and the ability of our customers to integrate our products into their products in a business combination with a target.

Wetimely and effective manner;

the actions of direct and indirect competitors that may seek to enter into a business combination transaction agreement with a minimum cash requirementthe markets in which we expect to compete or that may seek to impose barriers to one or more markets that we intend to target;    
the long-lead time for (i) cash consideration to be paid to the target or its owners, (ii) cashdevelopment of market opportunities, for working capital or other general corporate purposes or (iii) the retentionwhich we are only at an early stage of cash to satisfy other conditions. If too many public shareholders exercise their redemption rights, we would not be able to meet such closing condition and, as a result, would not be able to proceed with the business combination. Furthermore, in no event will we redeem our public shares in an amount that would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001. Consequently, if accepting all properly submitted redemption requests would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001 or such greater amount necessary to satisfy a condition as described above, we would not proceed with such redemption and the related business combination and may instead search for an alternate business combination. Prospective targets will be aware of these risks and, thus, may be reluctant to enter into a business combination transaction with us.

The ability of our public shareholders to exercise redemption rights with respect to a large number of our shares may not allow us to complete the most desirable business combination or optimize our capital structure.

At the time we enter into an agreement for our initial business combination, we will not know how many shareholders may exercise their redemption rights, and therefore will need to structure the transaction based on our expectations as to the number of shares that will be submitted for redemption. If our initial business combination agreement requires us to use a portion of the cash in the Trust Account to pay the purchase price, or requires us to have a minimum amount of cash at closing, we will need to reserve a portion of the cash in the Trust Account to meet such requirements, or arrange for third party financing. In addition, if a larger number of shares are submitted for redemption than we initially expected, we may need to restructure the transaction to reserve a greater portion of the cash in the Trust Account or arrange for third party financing. Raising additional third party financing may involve dilutive equity issuances or the incurrence of indebtedness at higher than desirable levels. Furthermore, this dilution would increase to the extent that the anti-dilution provision of the Class B ordinary shares results in the issuance of Class A ordinary shares on a greater than one-to-one basis upon conversion of the Class B ordinary shares at the time of our initial business combination. In addition, the amount of the deferred underwriting commissions payable to the underwriters will not be adjusted for any shares that are redeemed in connection with an initial business combination. The per share amount we will distribute to shareholders who properly exercise their redemption rights will not be reduced by the deferred underwriting commission and after such redemptions, the amount held in trust will continue to reflect our obligation to pay the entire deferred underwriting commissions. The above considerations may limit development;

our ability to complete the most desirable business combination available to us or optimizeforecast our capital structure.

The ability ofrevenue, budget, and manage our public shareholders to exercise redemption rights with respect to a large number of our shares could increase the probability that our initial business combination would be unsuccessful and that you would have to wait for liquidation in order to redeem your shares.

If our initial business combination agreement requires us to use a portion of the cash in the Trust Account to pay the purchase price, or requires us to have a minimum amount of cash at closing, the probability that our initial business combination would be unsuccessful is increased. If our initial business combination is unsuccessful, you would not receive your pro rata portion of the Trust Account until we liquidate the Trust Account. If you are in need of immediate liquidity, you could attempt to sell your shares in the open market; however, at such time our shares may trade at a discount to the pro rata amount per share in the Trust Account. In either situation, you may suffer a material loss on your investment or lose the benefit of funds expected in connection with your exercise of redemption rights until we liquidate or you are able to sell your shares in the open market.

Our search for a business combination, and any target business with which we ultimately consummate a business combination, may be materially adversely affected by the recent coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak and the status of debt and equity markets, as well as protectionist legislation in our target markets.

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China, which has and is continuing to spread throughout China and other parts of the world, including the United States. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern.” On January 31, 2020, U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Alex M. Azar II declared a public health emergency for the United States to aid the U.S. healthcare community in responding to COVID-19, and on March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization characterized the outbreak as a “pandemic”. This outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in a widespread health crisis that has and may continue to adversely affect the economies and financial markets worldwide, and the business of any potential target business with which we may consummate a business combination could be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, we may be unable to complete a business combination if continued concerns relating to COVID-19 restrict travel, limit the ability to have meetings with potential investors or the target company’s personnel, vendors and services providers are unavailable to negotiate and consummate a transaction in a timely manner. In addition, countries or supranational organizations in our target markets may develop and implement legislation that makes it more difficult or impossible for entities outside such countries or target markets to acquire or otherwise invest in companies or businesses deemed essential or otherwise vital. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our search for and ability to consummate a business combination will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19 and the actions to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, among others. If the disruptions posed by COVID-19 or other matters of global concern continue for an extensive period of time, and result in protectionist sentiments and legislation in our target markets, expenses;

our ability to consummate acomply with existing and new or modified local laws and regulations applicable to our business, combination, or the operations of a target business withlaws and regulations applicable to our customers for applications in which we ultimately consummate a business combination,they may be materially adversely affected. In addition, use our products;
our ability to consummate a transaction may be dependent on the abilityplan for and manage capital expenditures for our current and future products, and manage our supply chain and supplier relationships related to raise equitythese current and debt financing which may be impacted by COVID-19 and other events.

The requirement that we complete our initial business combination within 24 months after the Public Offering may give potential target businesses leverage over us in negotiating a business combination and may limit the time we have in which to conduct due diligence on potential business combination targets, in particular as we approach our dissolution deadline, which could undermine future products;

our ability to complete our initial business combination on terms that would produce value for our shareholders.

Any potential target business withanticipate and respond to macroeconomic changes and changes in the markets in which we enter into negotiations concerning aoperate and expect to operate;

our ability to maintain and enhance the value of our reputation and brand;
our ability to effectively manage our growth and business combination will be awareoperations; and
our ability to recruit and retain talented people at all levels of our organization.
If we fail to understand fully or adequately address the challenges that we must completeare currently encountering or that we may encounter in the future, including those challenges described here and elsewhere in this Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” our initial business, combination within 24 monthsfinancial condition and results of operations could be adversely and materially affected. If the Public Offering. Consequently, such targetrisks and uncertainties that we plan for when operating our business may obtain leverage over us in negotiating aare incorrect or change, or if we fail to manage these risks successfully, our results of operations could differ materially from our expectations and our business, combination, knowing thatfinancial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Our future results will suffer if we do not recognize anticipated synergies, effectively manage the expanded operations or successfully integrate the businesses of Velodyne.
Our future success will depend, in part, upon our ability to manage the expanded business, including challenges related to the management and monitoring of new operations and associated increased costs and complexity associated with the
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Velodyne Merger and other mergers. If we are not able to successfully complete integrations in an efficient and cost-effective manner, the anticipated benefits of this merger may not be realized fully, or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected, and the value of our initialcommon stock may be affected adversely. An inability to realize the full extent of the anticipated benefits of the Velodyne Merger, as well as any delays encountered in the integration processes, could have an adverse effect upon on our business, combinationfinancial condition or results of operations. In addition, the actual integrations may result in additional and unforeseen expenses, including increased legal, accounting and compliance costs.
We have incurred significant losses to date and may never achieve or sustain profitability.
We have experienced net losses in each year since our inception. In the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we incurred net losses of $138.6 million and $94.0 million, respectively. We expect these losses to continue for at least the next several years as we expand our product offering and continue to scale our commercial operations and research and development program. As of December 31, 2022, we had an accumulated deficit of $441.9 million. Even if we are able to increase the sales of our products, there can be no assurance that we will be commercially successful or profitable.
We expect we will continue to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future as we:
hire additional personnel, as needed, to support investments in research and development (“R&D”), in order to develop technology and related software and to support the compliance needs in connection with that particular targetbeing a public company;
increase our sales and marketing functions, including expansion of our customer support and distribution capabilities;
continue to integrate the operations of Velodyne following our recent merger; and
expand operations and manufacturing.
If our products do not achieve sufficient market acceptance, we will not become profitable. If we fail to become profitable, or if we are unable to fund our business we may be unable to completecontinue our initialoperations. There can be no assurance that we will ever achieve or sustain profitability.
We expect to incur substantial R&D costs and devote significant resources to developing and commercializing new products, which could significantly affect our ability to become profitable and may not result in revenue to us. Any delay or interruption of the development and commercialization of new products may adversely affect our existing business combinationand prospects for securing future business.
Our future growth depends on penetrating new markets, adapting existing products to new applications and customer requirements, and introducing new and effective products at an opportune time that may then achieve market acceptance. To remain competitive, we continue to develop new products. For instance, last October, we announced our newest OS series scanning sensor, REV7,powered by its next-generation L3 chip. REV7 features the all-new OSDome sensor, as well as upgraded OS0, OS1, and OS2 sensors that deliver double the range, enhanced object detection, increased precision and accuracy, and greater reliability. introduced the market. In January 2023, we announced the release of our software, Ouster Gemini, a cloud-backed digital lidar perception platform for crowd analytics, security, and intelligent transportation systems. Ouster Gemini offers the ability to detect, classify, and track moving objects in real-time using the 3D data from a single or multiple fused Ouster lidar sensors. In connection with REV7, Ouster Gemini, and future releases, we expect to incur substantial, and potentially increasing, R&D costs. Our R&D expenses were $64.3 million and $34.6 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and are likely to grow in the future, particularly as a result of the Velodyne Merger. Because we account for R&D as an operating expense, these expenditures will adversely affect our results of operations in the future.
Further, our R&D program may be delayed and may not produce timely results. If we cannot produce successful results in time to accommodate customers’ or potential customers’ development timelines, we may lose business. If we are unsuccessful in introducing these products in accordance with our product launch plans or any publicly announced launch dates, it may be injurious to our reputation and brand and adversely affect our ability to be competitive in our four target markets and potential new markets. In launching such products, we may face foreseen and unforeseen difficulties that adversely affect such the commercialization and could have a material adverse effect on our operations and business. Additionally, the success of our competitors’ R&D efforts, including producing higher performing products or providing products competitive to our new products to our customers before us, may result in loss of business to us.
The promise of new products and successful R&D may even decrease our expected and actual revenue attributable to existing products, as historically, customers have delayed or cancelled outstanding purchasing commitments for certain products in anticipation of the release of new generation products from the Company. There is no guarantee that these delays and cancellations will not occur again in the future as we develop, announce and commercialize new products like our DF solid-state lidar sensor or our complementary software solutions.
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If we are unable to overcome our limited sales history and establish and maintain confidence in our long-term business prospects among customers in our target markets or if our revenue opportunity does not materialize into sales and revenue, then our financial condition, operating results, business prospects and access to capital may suffer materially.
Our company has a limited sales history, as we only commenced selling our first revenue grade products in late 2018. Because of our limited sales history, we have limited experience managing and growing our relationships with existing customers and securing new customers in our target industries.
Our relationships with many of our existing customers are limited as they may not be prepared to select Ouster as a long-term supplier given our limited operating and sales history. To establish preliminary relationships with certain customers and to build their confidence, we have entered, and may continue to enter, into evaluation agreements, spot buy purchase orders, non-binding letters of intent, and strategic customer agreements. These agreements are largely non-binding, do not include any minimum obligation to purchase any quantities of any products at this time, and do not require that the parties enter into a subsequent definitive, long-term, binding agreements; however, these preliminary agreements assist the Company in building confidence with customers if we are able to effectively perform and otherwise maintain positive relationships with them. If we are unable to build confidence with our existing customers, either through these preliminary agreements (due to any failure to enter into or perform under the agreements) or otherwise, or if we are unable secure opportunity from these non-binding agreements, involving strategic customer agreements,we may be unable to produce accurate forecasts and become profitable.
Our new customers, or customers that we inherited from the Velodyne Merger, may be less confident in us and less likely to purchase our products because of a lack of awareness about our products. They may also not be convinced that our business will succeed because of the absence of an established sales, service, support, and operating history. To address this, we must, among other activities, grow and improve our marketing capability and brand awareness, which may be costly. These activities may not be effective or could delay our ability to capitalize on the opportunities that we believe are suitable to our technology and products and may prevent us from successfully commercializing our products.
To build and maintain our business, we must maintain confidence in our products, long-term financial viability and business prospects. Failure to establish and maintain customer confidence may also adversely affect our reputation and business among our suppliers, analysts, ratings agencies, stockholders and other interested parties.
Our operating results may fluctuate significantly, which makes our future operating results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results to fall below expectations or any guidance we may provide and could cause our stock price to fluctuate or decline.
Our quarterly and annual operating results may fluctuate significantly, which makes it difficult for us to predict our future operating results. Our financial results may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, including:
the timing of ultimate end market and customer adoption of our products and particular versions of our products;
the varying length of production cycles for our customers to integrate our products into their broader platforms;
supply chain constraints and considerations and impacts on our costs of goods sold, such as shortages of semiconductor chips;
our product mix and average selling prices, including negotiated selling prices and long-term customer agreements;
the cost of raw materials or supplied components critical for the manufacture of our products;
the timing and cost of, and level of investment in, research and development relating to our digital lidar technology and related software;
developments involving our competitors;
changes in governmental regulations affecting us or applications in which our customers use our products or software;
future accounting pronouncements or changes in our accounting policies;
the impact of epidemics or pandemics, including current business disruption and related financial impact resulting from the global COVID-19 health crisis;
adverse litigation, judgments, settlements or other litigation-related costs, or claims that may give rise to such costs; and
general market conditions and other factors, including factors unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance of our competitors.
Many of these factors are outside of our control and may not accurately reflect the underlying performance of our business. The individual or cumulative effects of factors discussed above could result in large fluctuations and unpredictability in our
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quarterly and annual operating results. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful.
This variability and unpredictability could also result in our failing to meet the expectations of industry or financial analysts or investors for any period. If our revenue or operating results fall below the expectations of analysts or investors or below any guidance we may provide, or if the guidance we provide is below the expectations of analysts or investors, the price of our common stock could decline substantially. Such a stock price decline could occur even if our performance is consistent with any target business. This riskpreviously publicly stated guidance.
Our revenue and margins could be adversely affected if we fail to maintain competitive average selling prices, high sales volumes, and/or fail to reduce product costs.
Cost-cutting initiatives adopted by our customers often place increased downward pressure on our average selling prices. We also expect that any long term or high-volume agreements with customers may require step-downs in pricing over the term of the agreement or, if commercialized, over the period of production. We strive to keep our average selling price competitive and expect to achieve profitability by maintaining competitive average sales prices and through continually lower product costs. Our average selling price may be driven down by customer-specific selling price fluctuations such as non-standard discounts on large volume purchases. These lower average selling prices on large volume purchases may cause fluctuations in revenue and gross margins on a quarterly and annual basis and ultimately adversely affect our profitability. We have experienced and may in the future experience declines in the average selling prices of our products generally as our customers seek to commercialize autonomous systems at prices low enough to achieve market acceptance and as our competitors continue to produce and commercialize lower cost competing technologies. To achieve profitability and maintain margins, we will increasealso need to continually reduce product and manufacturing costs. Reductions in product and manufacturing costs are principally achieved by scaling our production volumes and through step changes in manufacturing and continued engineering of the most cost-effective designs for our products. Further, as we get closercontinue to the timeframe described above.provide support for REV6, we anticipate downward pressure on our margins. In addition, we must continuously drive initiatives to reduce labor cost, improve worker efficiency, reduce the cost of materials and further lower overall product costs by carefully managing component prices, inventory and shipping cost. We need to continually increase sales volume and introduce new, lower-cost products in order to maintain our overall gross margin. If we are unable to maintain competitive average selling prices, increase our sales volume or successfully introduce new, low-cost products, our revenue and overall gross margin will likely decline.
We compete against established market participants that have substantially greater resources than us and against known and unknown market entrants who may have limited time to conduct due diligencedisrupt our target markets.
Our target markets are highly competitive and may enter into our initial business combination on terms that we would have rejected upon a more comprehensive investigation.

We may not be able to completecompete effectively in the market against these competitors. Competitors may offer lidar products at lower prices than ours, including pricing that we believe is below their cost, or may offer superior performing lidar products. These companies also compete with us indirectly by attempting to solve some of the same challenges with different technology. Established competitors in the market for lidar sensors have significantly greater resources and more experience than we do. These competitors have commercialized lidar technology that has achieved market adoption, strong brand recognition and may continue to improve in both anticipated and unanticipated ways. They may also have entered into commercial relationships with key customers and have built relationships and dependencies between themselves and those key customers.

In addition to current market competitors, new competitors may enter the lidar market or create products that function as an alternative to lidar, which may disrupt the commercial landscape of our initial business combination within 24 months after the Public Offering,target markets in which caseways that we would cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up and we would redeem our public shares and liquidate.

We may not be able to findadapt to adequately and in a suitable target business and complete our initial business combination within 24 months after the Public Offering. Our ability to complete our initial business combination may be negatively impacted by general market conditions, volatility in the capital and debt markets and the other risks described herein. For example, the outbreak of COVID-19 continues to grow both in the U.S. and globally and, while the extenttimely fashion.The already competitive landscape of the impactlidar market, along with both foreseeable and unforeseeable entries of competitors and lidar technology from those competitors in our target markets, along with the outbreak on us will depend on future developments, it could limitpotential emergence of new non-lidar solutions, may result in downward pricing pressure, reduced margins and may impede our ability to completeincrease the sales of our initialproducts or cause us to lose market share, any of which will adversely affect our business, combination,results of operations and financial condition.

We target many customers that are large corporations with substantial negotiating power and exacting product standards. If we are unable to sell our products to these customers, our prospects and results of operations will be adversely affected.
Many of our current and potential customers are large corporations that often possess significant leverage over their suppliers, and can successfully demand contract terms favorable to themselves, such as reserving the right to terminate their supply contracts for convenience. The disparities in negotiating power between us and larger corporations have required, and may require in the future, that we accept less favorable contract terms. These large corporations also have exacting technical specifications and requirements that we have been unable to, and may continue to be unable to, meet, thereby precluding our ability to secure sales. Meeting the technical requirements to secure and maintain significant
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contracts with any of these companies will require a substantial investment of our time and resources, and if we fail to comply with our customers’ technical specifications and standards, we may lose existing and future business. Even when we succeed in securing contracts, these large companies have required, and may require in the future, evolving technical specifications for our products and may terminate our agreement or make a later determination that our products are not satisfactory, and even set a standard for the industry that we may not be able to meet. We therefore have no assurance that we can establish relationships with these companies, that our products will meet the needs of these or other companies, or that a contract with these companies will culminate in significant or any product sales.
Furthermore, in some instances, these large companies may have internally developed products and solutions that are competitive to our products. These companies may have substantial research and development resources, which may allow them to acquire or develop independently, or in partnership with others, competitive technologies. Such activities may foreclose significant sales opportunities for our products.
If our products are not selected for inclusion in our target markets, our business will be materially and adversely affected.
Although our products are designed for use in multiple markets, each of our target or new markets may have unique features and demands. If we are unsuccessful in meeting this demand, it may affect our entrance into these target or new markets which could adversely affect our future results of operations.
Our products are used in a wide variety of existing and emerging use cases in the industrial market, where our target customers are generally engaged in the manufacturing, operation, or after-market modification of heavy industrial machinery. These tend to be large companies that move slowly to larger scale production, often with years-long timelines. If our products are not chosen for deployment in these projects, or we lose a program under any circumstances, we may not have an opportunity to obtain that business again for many years. Industrial automation is a demanding industry with product specifications that our products may not always meet.
Our products also are used in a wide variety of existing and emerging use cases in the smart infrastructure market, which generally consists of public bodies and private commercial businesses engaging in the monitoring and analysis of pedestrian and vehicle movements for the purpose of providing building security, improving road user safety, and increasing roadway efficiency. This is still a nascent market, and while this industry is experimenting with the use of lidar in these applications, our customers may decide that lidar is not a viable solution for a variety of reasons, including price points, interoperability, and integration of lidar sensors. Customers in this market are often local governments, such as city governments, which may be subject to political pressures, and may not control their own budgets. For example, programs could be cancelled due to legislative action that is out of a local government’s control.
Our products also may be purchased by automotive OEMs and their suppliers in connection with their design and development of autonomous driving and ADAS technology. These programs are time and resource intensive, requiring thousands of man hours and several years. Automotive OEMs and suppliers undertake extensive testing or qualification processes prior to placing orders for large quantities of products such as ours, because such products will function as part of a larger system or platform and must meet other specifications. We spend significant time and resources to pursue the business of having our products selected by automotive OEMs and their suppliers for use in the manufacture of a particular vehicle model. If we are not chosen to supply products to Tiers 1s, OEMs may be less inclined to select our products for a particular vehicle model, which could turn into a lost opportunity to supply our products to this automotive OEM for a period of several years. If our products are not selected by an automotive OEM or its suppliers for one vehicle model or if our products are not successful in that vehicle model, it is less likely that our products will be deployed in other vehicle models of that OEM. If we fail to win a significant number of vehicle models from one or more of automotive OEMs or their suppliers, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.
Our products also are used in a wide variety of existing and emerging use cases in the robotics market, in which our customers are generally engaged in the design, production, operation, or after-market modification of small mobile unmanned vehicles, which includes wheeled robots, legged robots, and drones. This is a competitive market that often has strict functional and pricing requirements for products. If we are unable to make products that meet these requirements, or sell products at the required price point, we could lose this business to competitors or competitive technologies. There are diverse and potentially conflicting requirements across the robotics industry that may force us to prioritize certain segments over others, resulting in a lower total available market. Our target markets involve risks of program delay, loss, and cancellation.
The complexity of our products could result in unforeseen delays or expenses from undetected defects, errors or reliability issues in hardware or software which could reduce the market adoption of our new products, damage our
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reputation with current or prospective customers, expose us to product liability and other claims and adversely affect our operating costs.
Our products are highly technical and very complex and require high standards to manufacture and have in the past and will likely in the future experience defects, errors or reliability issues at various stages of development. We may be unable to timely release new products, manufacture existing products, correct problems that have arisen or correct such problems to our customers’ satisfaction. Additionally, undetected errors, defects or reliability issues, especially as new products are introduced or as new versions are released, could result in serious injury to the end users of technology incorporating our products, or those in the surrounding area, our customers never being able to commercialize technology incorporating our products, litigation against us, negative publicity and other consequences. These risks are particularly prevalent in the autonomous driving and ADAS markets. Some errors or defects in our products may only be discovered after they have been tested, commercialized and deployed by customers. If that is the case, we may incur significant additional development costs and product recall expenses, repair and/or replacement costs. These problems may also result in claims, including class actions, against us by our customers or others. Our reputation or brand may be damaged as a result of these problems and customers may be reluctant to buy our products, which could adversely affect our ability to retain existing customers and attract new customers and could adversely affect our financial results.
In addition, we could face material legal claims for breach of contract, product liability, fraud, tort or breach of warranty as a result of these problems. Defending a lawsuit, regardless of its merit, could be costly and may divert management’s attention and adversely affect the market’s perception of us and our products. In addition, our business liability insurance coverage could prove inadequate with respect to a claim and future coverage may be unavailable on acceptable terms or at all. These product-related issues could result in claims against us and our business could be adversely affected.
Our customers use our solutions in autonomous driving and ADAS applications, which present the risk of significant injury, including fatalities. We may be subject to claims if a product using our lidar technology is involved in an accident and persons are injured or purport to be injured. Any insurance that we carry may not be sufficient or it may not apply to all situations. Similarly, our customers could be subjected to claims as a result of such accidents and bring legal claims against us to attempt to hold us liable. In addition, if lawmakers or governmental agencies were to determine that the use of our products or autonomous driving or certain ADAS applications increased the risk of injury to all or a subset of our customers, they may pass laws or adopt regulations that limit the use of our products or increase our liability associated with the use of our products or that regulate the use of or delay the deployment of autonomous driving and ADAS technology. Any of these events could adversely affect our brand, relationships with customers, operating results or financial condition.
We may incur significant direct or indirect liabilities in connection with our product warranties which could adversely affect our business and operating results.
We typically offer a limited product warranty that requires our products to conform to the applicable specifications and be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a limited warranty period. As a result of increased competition and changing standards in our target markets, we may be required to increase our warranty period length and the scope of our warranty. To be competitive, we may be required to implement these increases before we are able to determine the economic impact of an increase. Accordingly, we may be at risk that any such warranty increase could result in foreseeable and unforeseeable losses for the Company.
In particular, the usage of our products by target customers could make us liable for warranty claims and pecuniary and reputational damages. In our target markets, our products may be placed in physical locations and environments that present harsh operating conditions, or that present a risk of product damage due to accidents or vandalism. This may result in more product failures than we anticipate, and may require us to provide warranties for our products beyond our knowledge of their performance. This could increase the rate of customer returns and warranty claims, resulting in higher-than-expected operating costs for us. Product failures may also affect market volatility, decreased market liquidityacceptance of our products and third-party financing being unavailableour ability to win future business. Any negative publicity related to the perceived quality of our products could affect our brand image, partner and customer demand, and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
We may require additional capital in order to execute our business plan, which may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.
In the future we may require additional capital to fund our R&D efforts and to respond to technological advancements, competitive dynamics or technologies, customer demands, business opportunities, challenges, acquisitions or unforeseen circumstances and we may determine to engage in equity or debt financings or enter into credit facilities for other reasons. In order to stay on our growth trajectory and further business relationships with current or potential customers or partners, or for other reasons, we may issue equity or equity-linked securities to such current or potential customers or partners. We may not be able to timely secure additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms, or at all, particularly in an
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uncertain economic environment. The Company maintains the majority of its cash and cash equivalents in accounts with major U.S. and multi-national financial institutions, and our deposits at these institutions exceed insured limits. Market conditions can impact the viability of these institutions. In the event of failure of any of the financial institutions where we maintain our cash and cash equivalents, there can be no assurance that we would be able to access uninsured funds in a timely manner or at all. Any inability to access or delay in accessing these funds could adversely affect our business and financial position.
If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt or other equity-linked securities or if it issues equity or equity-linked securities to current or potential customers to further business relationships, our existing stockholders could experience significant dilution. Any debt financing obtained by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited and our business results and operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We face risks related to our indebtedness.
As of December 31, 2022, we had total outstanding debt of $40.0 million under our Loan and Security Agreement with Hercules Capital, Inc. (“Hercules”), as amended. We may incur additional indebtedness in the future. Our leverage could have important consequences to us, including:
exposing us to the risk of increased interest rates as our borrowings under our current debt facilities are at variable rates;
making it more difficult for us to make payments on our debt;
limiting our ability to pay future dividends;
increasing our vulnerability to downturns in our business, the storage and organization retail industry or the general economy and limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business;
requiring a substantial portion of cash flow from operations to be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our debt, thereby reducing our ability to use our cash flow to fund our operations, capital expenditures, and future business opportunities;
restricting us from making strategic acquisitions or causing us to make non-strategic divestitures;
requiring us to comply with financial and operational covenants as well as leverage covenants, restricting us, among other things, from placing liens on our assets, making investments, incurring debt, making payments to our equity or debt holders and engaging in transactions with affiliates;
limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, product development, debt service requirements, acquisitions, and general corporate or other purposes;
preventing us from taking advantage of business opportunities as they arise or successfully carrying out our plans to expand our store base and product offerings; and
placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors who may be less leveraged.
Consequences of this indebtedness may require a substantial portion of cash flow from operations to be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our debt, thereby reducing our ability to use our cash flow to fund operations, capital expenditures, and future business opportunities. If we cannot generate sufficient cash flow from operations to service our debt, we may need to refinance our debt, dispose of assets or issue equity to obtain necessary funds. We do not know whether we would be able to take any of these actions on a timely basis, on terms satisfactory to us, or at all. A failure by us or our subsidiaries to comply with the agreements governing our indebtedness could result in an event of default under such indebtedness, which could adversely affect our ability to respond to changes in our business and manage our operations. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under any of the agreements governing our indebtedness, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding to be due and payable and exercise other remedies as set forth in the agreements. If any of our indebtedness were to be accelerated, there can be no assurance that our assets would be sufficient to repay this indebtedness in full, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue to operate as a going concern.
Market adoption of lidar remains uncertain, and it is difficult to forecast long-term end-customer adoption rates and demand for our products.
Substantially all of our revenue is generated by the sale of our digital lidar sensors. Given the evolving nature of the markets in which we operate, it is difficult to predict the customer demand or adoption rates for lidar technology generally or our products specifically. If demand does not develop or if we cannot accurately forecast customer demand, our future financial results, business, results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected. If prospective customers have a negative perception of, or experience with, lidar or a competitor’s lidar products they may be reluctant to adopt lidar
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in general or specifically our products. Any negative publicity, regardless of its accuracy, could materially and adversely affect our business.
Additionally, existing or new non-lidar technologies may emerge as customers’ preferred alternative to lidar and may adversely affect the adoption of our lidar solutions and of lidar generally. Significant developments in alternative technologies, such as cameras and radar, may materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results in ways we do not currently anticipate. Any failure by us or the lidar market generally to develop new or enhanced technologies or processes, or to react to changes in existing technologies, could adversely affect the adoption of lidar and sales of our current products or materially delay the development and introduction of new and enhanced products, which could result in the loss of competitiveness of our products, decreased revenue and a loss of market share to competitors.
We are pursuing opportunities in markets that involve novel applications that are rapidly evolving, and that include both technological and regulatory uncertainties, making it difficult to predict the size and timing of market opportunities. For example, autonomous driving and lidar-based ADAS applications require complex technology, stringent testing, and rigorous safety controls. Because these automotive systems are both themselves complex, and also depend on complex technologies from many suppliers, commercialization of autonomous driving or ADAS products could be delayed or impaired on account of technological capabilities that are not sufficiently advanced for deployment in vehicles. These standards may never be met at all. Additionally, ADAS has yet to, and may never, achieve widespread adoption, which would reduce demand for lidar in that market. Similar concerns are also applicable to our other three verticals.
Although we currently have contracts with numerous commercial customers across diverse markets, these customers may not be able to utilize our technology in the foreseeable future, or at all. Regulatory, safety or reliability developments, many of which are outside of our control, could also cause delays or otherwise impair commercial adoption of these new technologies, which will adversely affect our growth. Our future financial performance will depend on our ability to make timely investments in the correct market opportunities in this environment.
Many of our customers are still in the testing and development phases of applications with our products and it cannot be certain that they will commercialize products or systems with our digital lidar sensors or at all. We believe adoption of lidar products, including our digital lidar sensors, will depend on numerous factors, including: whether the technological capabilities of lidar and lidar-based products meet users’ current and evolving needs; whether the benefits of designing lidar into larger sensing systems outweigh the costs, complexity and time needed to deploy such technology or replace or modify existing systems that may have used other modalities such as cameras and radars; whether users in other applications can move beyond the testing and development phases and proceed to commercializing systems supported by lidar technology and whether lidar developers can keep pace with rapid technological changes in certain developing markets. If lidar technology generally does not achieve commercial success or if the market adoption is slower than expected, our business, results of operation and financial condition will be materially and adversely affected.
We may experience difficulties in managing our growth and expanding our operations.
We are experiencing significant growth in the scope and nature of our operations. Our ability to manage our operations and future growth will require us to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls, compliance programs and reporting systems. We are currently in the process of strengthening our compliance programs, including our compliance programs related to product certifications, quality management systems certifications, environmental certifications, export controls, privacy and cybersecurity and anti-corruption. We may not be able to implement improvements in an efficient or timely manner and may discover deficiencies in existing controls, programs, systems and procedures, which could have an adverse effect on our business, reputation and financial results. Additionally, rapid growth in our business may place a strain on our human and capital resources. Furthermore, we expect to continue to conduct our business internationally and anticipate increased business operations in the United States, Europe, Asia and the Middle East and Africa. These diversified, global operations place increased demands on our limited resources and require us to substantially expand the capabilities of our administrative and operational resources and to attract, train, manage and retain qualified management, technical, manufacturing, engineering, sales and other personnel. As our operations expand domestically and internationally, we will need to continue to manage multiple locations and additional relationships with various customers, partners, suppliers and other third parties across several markets.
We are focusing our current commercial efforts across four distinct target markets. We will be required to prioritize our limited financial and managerial resources as we pursue particular development and commercialization efforts in each target market. Any resources we expend on one or more of these efforts could be at the expense of other potentially profitable opportunities.
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If we are not able to effectively grow our global sales and marketing organization, or maintain or grow an effective network of distributors, resellers, and integrators, our business prospects, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
In order to generate future sales growth, we will need to expand the size and geographic coverage of our field organization, including marketing, direct sales, customer support and technical services. Accordingly, our future success will depend largely on our ability to hire, train, retain, and motivate skilled regional sales managers and direct sales representatives with significant technical knowledge and understanding of our products. Because of the competition for their skillset, we may not be able to attract or retain such personnel on reasonable terms, if at all. If we are unable to grow our global sales and marketing organizations, we may not be able to increase our revenue, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Additionally, we rely on a network of independent distributors to help generate sales of our products internationally. If a dispute arises with a distributor or if we terminate our relationship with a distributor or a distributor goes out of business, it may take time to identify an alternative distributor, to train new personnel to market our products, and our ability to sell our products in a region formerly serviced by a terminated distributor could be harmed. In addition, our distributors may not successfully market and sell our products and may not devote sufficient time and resources that we believe are necessary to enable our products to develop, achieve or sustain market acceptance. Any of these factors could reduce our revenue or impair our revenue growth in affected markets, increase our costs in those markets or damage our reputation. In addition, if an independent distributor were to depart and be retained by one of our competitors, we may be unable to complete aprevent that distributor from soliciting business combination if continued concerns relating to COVID-19 restrict travel, limit the ability to have meetings with potential investors or the target company’s personnel, vendors and services providers are unavailable to negotiate and consummate a transaction in a timely manner. Additionally, the outbreak of COVID-19 may negatively impact businesses we may seek to acquire. If we have not completed our initial business combination within such time period, we will: (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the public shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (less taxes payable and up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding public shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidation distributions, if any) and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of our remaining shareholders and our board of directors, liquidate and dissolve, subject in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), to our obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and in all cases subject to the other requirements of applicable law.

If we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination, our Sponsor, initial shareholders, directors, officers, advisors and their affiliates may elect to purchase shares or public warrants from public shareholders, which may influence a vote on a proposed business combination and reduce the public “float” of our Class A ordinary shares.

If we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our Sponsor, directors, officers, advisors or their affiliates may purchase shares or public warrants in privately negotiated transactions or in the open market either prior to or following the completion of our initial business combination, although they are under no obligation to do so. There is no limit on the number of shares our initial shareholders, directors, officers, advisors or their affiliates may purchase in such transactions, subject to compliance with applicable law and NYSE rules. However, they have no current commitments, plans or intentions to engage in such transactions and have not formulated any terms or conditions for any such transactions. None of the funds in the Trust Account will be used to purchase shares or public warrants in such transactions. Such purchases may include a contractual acknowledgment that such shareholder, although still the record holder of our shares, is no longer the beneficial owner thereof and therefore agrees not to exercise its redemption rights.

In the event that our Sponsor, directors, officers, advisors or their affiliates purchase shares in privately negotiated transactions from public shareholders who have already elected to exercise their redemption rights, such selling shareholders would be required to revoke their prior elections to redeem their shares. The purpose of any such purchases of shares could be to vote such shares in favor of the business combination and thereby increase the likelihood of obtaining shareholder approval of the business combination or to satisfy a closing condition in an agreement with a target that requires us to have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash at the closing of our initial business combination, where it appears that such requirement would otherwise not be met. The purpose of any such purchases of public warrants could be to reduce the number of public warrants outstanding or to vote such warrants on any matters submitted to the warrant holders for approval in connection with our initial business combination. Any such purchases of our securities may result in the completion of our initial business combination that may not otherwise have been possible. Any such purchases will be reported pursuant to Section 13 and Section 16 of the Exchange Act to the extent such purchasers are subject to such reporting requirements.

In addition, if such purchases are made, the public “float” of our Class A ordinary shares or public warrants and the number of beneficial holders of our securities may be reduced, possibly making it difficult to obtain or maintain the quotation, listing or trading of our securities on a national securities exchange.

If a shareholder fails to receive notice of our offer to redeem our public shares in connection with our initial business combination, or fails to comply with the procedures for submitting or tendering its shares, such shares may not be redeemed.

We will comply with the proxy rules or tender offer rules, as applicable, when conducting redemptions in connection with our initial business combination. Despite our compliance with these rules, if a shareholder fails to receive our proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable, such shareholder may not become aware of the opportunity to redeem its shares. In addition, proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable, that we will furnish to holders of our public shares in connection with our initial business combination will describe the various procedures that must be complied with in order to validly tender or submit public shares for redemption. For example, we intend to require our public shareholders seeking to exercise their redemption rights, whether they are record holders or hold their shares in “street name,” to, at the holder’s option, either deliver their share certificates to our transfer agent, or to deliver their shares to our transfer agent electronically prior to the date set forth in the proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable. In the case of proxy materials, this date may be up to two business days prior to the scheduled vote on the proposal to approve the initial business combination. In addition, if we conduct redemptions in connection with a shareholder vote, we intend to require a public shareholder seeking redemption of its public shares to also submit a written request for redemption to our transfer agent two business days prior to the scheduled vote in which the name of the beneficial owner of such shares is included. In the event that a shareholder fails to comply with these or any other procedures disclosed in the proxy or tender offer materials, as applicable, its shares may not be redeemed.

You will not be entitled to protections normally afforded to investors of many other blank check companies.

Since the net proceeds of the Public Offering and the sale of the private placement warrants are intended to be used to complete an initial business combination with a target business, we may be deemed to be a “blank check” company under the United States securities laws. However, because we have net tangible assets in excess of $5,000,000 and have filed a Current Report on Form 8-K, including an audited balance sheet demonstrating this fact, we are exempt from rules promulgated by the SEC to protect investors in blank check companies, such as Rule 419. Accordingly, investors will not be afforded the benefits or protections of those rules. Among other things, this means that we will have a longer period of time to complete our initial business combination than do companies subject to Rule 419. Moreover, if the Public Offering had been subject to Rule 419, that rule would have prohibited the release of any interest earned on funds held in the Trust Account to us unless and until the funds in the Trust Account were released to us in connection with our completion of an initial business combination.

If we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules, and if you or a “group” of shareholders are deemed to hold in excess of 20% of our Class A ordinary shares, you will lose the ability to redeem all such shares in excess of 20% of our Class A ordinary shares.

If we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provides that a public shareholder, together with any affiliate of such shareholder or any other person with whom such shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from seeking redemption rights with respect to more than an aggregate of 20% of the shares sold in the Public Offering, which we refer to as the “Excess Shares.” However, we would not be restricting our shareholders’ ability to vote all of their shares (including Excess Shares) for or against our initial business combination. Your inability to redeem the Excess Shares will reduce your influence over our ability to complete our initial business combination and you could suffer a material loss on your investment in us if you sell Excess Shares in open market transactions. Additionally, you will not receive redemption distributions with respect to the Excess Shares if we complete our initial business combination. And as a result, you will continue to hold that number of shares exceeding 20% and, in order to dispose of such shares, would be required to sell your shares in open market transactions, potentially at a loss.

Because of our limited resources and the significant competition for business combination opportunities, it may be more difficult for us to complete our initial business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public shareholders may receive only their pro rata portion of the funds in the Trust Account that are available for distribution to public shareholders, and our warrants will expire worthless.

We expect to encounter competition from other entities having a business objective similar to ours, including private investors (which may be individuals or investment partnerships), other blank check companies and other entities, domestic and international, competing for the types of businesses we intend to acquire. Many of these individuals and entities are well-established and have extensive experience in identifying and effecting, directly or indirectly, acquisitions of companies operating in or providing services to various industries. Many of these competitors possess similar or greater technical, human and other resources to ours or more local industry knowledge than we do and our financial resources will be relatively limited when contrasted with those of many of these competitors. While we believe there are numerous target businesses we could potentially acquire with the net proceeds of the Public Offering and the sale of the private placement warrants, our ability to compete with respect to the acquisition of certain target businesses that are sizable will be limited by our available financial resources. This inherent competitive limitation gives others an advantage in pursuing the acquisition of certain target businesses. Furthermore, we are obligated to offer holders of our public shares the right to redeem their shares for cash at the time of our initial business combination in conjunction with a shareholder vote or via a tender offer. Target companies will be aware that this may reduce the resources available to us for our initial business combination. Any of these obligations may place us at a competitive disadvantage in successfully negotiating a business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public shareholders may receive only their pro rata portion of the funds in the Trust Account that are available for distribution to public shareholders, and our warrants will expire worthless.

If the net proceeds of the Public Offering and the sale of the private placement warrants not being held in the Trust Account are insufficient to allow us to operate at least until August 25, 2022, it could limit the amount available to fund our search for a target business or businesses and complete our initial business combination, and we will depend on loans from our Sponsor or management team to fund our search and to complete our initial business combination.

Of the net proceeds of the Public Offering, only $1,000,000 was made available to us initially outside Trust Account to fund our working capital requirements. We believe that the funds available to us outside of the Trust Account will be sufficient to allow us to operate at least until August 25, 2022; however, we cannot assure you that our estimate is accurate. Of the funds available to us, weexisting customers, which could use a portion of the funds available to us to pay fees to consultants to assist us with our search for a target business. We could also use a portion of the funds as a down payment or to fund a “no-shop” provision (a provision in letters of intent or merger agreements designed to keep target businesses from “shopping” around for transactions with other companies or investors on terms more favorable to such target businesses) with respect to a particular proposed business combination, although we do not have any current intention to do so. If we entered into a letter of intent or merger agreement where we paid for the right to receive exclusivity from a target business and were subsequently required to forfeit such funds (whether asfurther adversely affect us. As a result of our breach or otherwise),reliance on third-party distributors, we might not have sufficient funds to continue searching for, or conduct due diligence with respect to, a target business.

If we are required to seek additional capital, we would need to borrow funds from our Sponsor, management team or other third parties to operate or may be forcedsubject to liquidate. Neitherdisruptions and increased costs due to factors beyond our Sponsor, memberscontrol, including labor strikes, third-party errors and other issues. If the services of our management team nor any of their affiliates is under any obligation to advance funds to usthese third-party distributors become unsatisfactory, we may experience delays in such circumstances. Any such advances would be repaid only from funds held outside the Trust Account or from funds released to us upon completion ofmeeting our initial business combination. Up to $1,500,000 of such loanscustomers’ demands and we may be convertible into private placement warrants of the post-business combination entity at a price of $1.00 per warrant at the option of the lender. Such warrants would be identical to the private placement warrants. Prior to the completion of our initial business combination, we do not expect to seek loans from parties other than our Sponsor or an affiliate of our Sponsor as we do not believe third parties will be willing to loan such funds and provide a waiver against any and all rights to seek access to funds in our Trust Account. If we are unable to completefind a suitable replacement on a timely basis or on commercially reasonable terms. Any failure to deliver products in a timely manner may damage our initial business combination because we do not have sufficient funds availablereputation and could cause us to us, we will be forced to cease operations and liquidate the Trust Account. Consequently, our public shareholders may only receive an estimated $10.00 per share, or possibly less, on our redemptionlose potential customers.

Our forecasts of our public shares, and our warrants will expire worthless.

If third parties bring claims against us, the proceeds held in the Trust Account could be reduced and the per-share redemption amount received by shareholders may be less than $10.00 per share.

Our placing of funds in the Trust Account may not protect those funds from third party claims against us. Although we will seek to have all vendors, service providers, prospective target businesses and other entities with which we do business execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies held in the Trust Account for the benefit of our public shareholders, such parties may not execute such agreements, or even if they execute such agreements theymarket growth may not be prevented from bringing claims againstaccurate.

Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other public disclosures are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. The forecasts and estimates relating to the Trust Account,expected size and growth of the markets for lidar-based technology may prove to be inaccurate. Even if these markets experience the forecasted growth, we may not grow our business at similar rates, or at all. Our future growth is subject to many factors, including market adoption of our products, which is subject to many risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, the forecasts and estimates of market size and growth described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other public disclosures, should not be taken as indicative of our future growth.
Our sales and operations in international markets expose us to operational, financial and regulatory risks.
International sales comprise a significant amount of our overall revenue and while growing our international sales is an important part of our growth strategy, these efforts may not be successful. International operations are subject to a number of other risks, including:
import and export laws and the impact of tariffs;
exchange rate fluctuations;    
political and economic instability, war, international terrorism and anti-American sentiment, particularly in emerging markets and the war between Russia and Ukraine;
potential for violations of anti-corruption laws and regulations, such as those related to bribery and fraud;
preference for locally branded products, and laws and business practices favoring local competition;
potential consequences of, and uncertainty related to, the “Brexit” process in the United Kingdom, which could lead to additional expense and complexity in doing business there;
increased difficulty in managing inventory;
increased risk in collecting trade receivables;    
delayed revenue recognition;
less effective protection and/or lack of enforceability of intellectual property;
stringent regulation of the autonomous or other systems or products using our products and stringent consumer protection and product compliance regulations, including but not limited to fraudulent inducement, breachGeneral Data Protection Regulation in the European Union, European competition law, the Restriction of fiduciary responsibilityHazardous Substances Directive, the Waste
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Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive and the European Ecodesign Directive that are costly to comply with and may vary from country to country;     
difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations;
changes in local tax and customs duty laws or changes in the enforcement, application or interpretation of such laws; and
U.S. government’s restrictions on certain technology transfer to certain countries of concern.
The occurrence of any of these risks could negatively affect our international business and consequently our business, operating results, and financial condition.
We are subject to the risk of cancellation or postponement of our contracts with customers or the unsuccessful implementation of our products, which may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We have experienced, and may experience in the future, unexpected cancellations of major purchases of our products, which has affected and may adversely affect our results of operations. Prospective customers across our target markets generally must make significant commitments of resources to test and validate our products and confirm that they can be integrated with other similartechnologies before including them in any particular system, product or model. Our products must meet customer specifications for quality, reliability and performance. Integration of our products may reveal errors, defects or incompatibilities with other sensing modalities that, if we are unable to correct them, may result in loss of customers, loss of market share, damage to our brand and reputation, increased service and replacement costs, lack of profitability, and constitute a hindrance to market acceptance. Although our agreements may contain provisions that aim at limiting our liability for damages resulting from defects in our products, such limitations and disclaimers may not be enforceable or otherwise effectively protect us from such claims, as well as claims challengingand we may have to indemnify our customers against liabilities arising from defects in our products or in their solutions that incorporate our products. These liabilities may also include costs incurred by our channel partners or end users to correct problems or replace our products, which could adversely affect our operating results and business prospects. These inherent operational risks are all the enforceabilitymore important that the development cycles of our products with new customers vary widely depending on the application, market, customer and the complexity of the waiver,product. In our four target markets, development cycles can be six months to seven or more years. These development cycles require us to invest significant resources prior to realizing any revenue from the commercialization. Our revenue growth may be impaired if the system, product or vehicle model that includes our digital lidar sensors is unsuccessful, including for reasons unrelated to our technology or software. Long development cycles and product cancellations or postponements may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
If we do not adequately manage our inventory, we could lose sales or incur higher inventory-related expenses, which could negatively affect our operating results.
To ensure adequate inventory supply, we forecast inventory needs and expenses, place orders sufficiently in each caseadvance with our suppliers and manufacturing partners and manufacture products based on our estimates of future demand for particular products. Fluctuations in orderthe adoption of lidar products may affect our ability to gain advantage with respectforecast our future operating results, including revenue, gross margins, cash flows and profitability. Our ability to accurately forecast demand for our products could be affected by many factors, including the rapidly changing nature of our current target markets, the uncertainty surrounding the market acceptance and commercialization of lidar technology, the emergence of new markets, an increase or decrease in customer demand for our products or for products and services of our competitors, product introductions by competitors, the COVID-19 pandemic, other epidemics and public health crises, and any associated work stoppages or interruptions, unanticipated changes in general market conditions and the weakening of economic conditions or consumer confidence in future economic conditions. We may face challenges acquiring adequate supplies to manufacture our products and we, Benchmark and Fabrinet may not be able to manufacture our sensors at a claim againstrate necessary to satisfy the levels of demand, which would negatively affect our short-term and long-term growth. This risk may be exacerbated by the fact that we may not carry or be able to obtain from our suppliers a significant amount of inventory to satisfy short-term demand increases. If we fail to accurately forecast customer demand, we may experience excess inventory levels or a shortage of products available for sale.
Inventory levels in excess of customer demand have resulted and may in the future result in inventory write-downs or write-offs and the sale of excess inventory at discounted prices, which would adversely affect our financial results, including our gross margin, and have a negative effect on our brand. Conversely, if we underestimate customer demand for our products, we may not be able to deliver products to meet our requirements, and this could result in damage to our brand and customer relationships and adversely affect our revenue and operating results.
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We are exposed to the risk of write-downs on the value of our inventory and other assets, in addition to purchase commitment cancellation risk.
We record a write-down for product and component inventories that have become obsolete or exceed anticipated demand, or for which cost exceeds net realizable value. We also accrue necessary cancellation fee reserves for orders of excess products and components. We review long-lived assets, including capital assets held at our suppliers’ facilities, for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate the funds heldassets may not be recoverable. If we determine that an impairment has occurred, we record a write-down equal to the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value. No assurance can be given that we will not incur write-downs, fees, impairments and other charges given the rapid and unpredictable pace of product obsolescence in the Trust Account. industries in which we compete.
We order components for our products and build inventory in advance of product manufacturing and shipments. Manufacturing purchase obligations cover our forecasted component and manufacturing requirements, typically for periods up to three months. Because our target markets are volatile, competitive and subject to rapid technology and price changes, and because we have limited sales history, there is a risk we will forecast incorrectly and order or produce excess or insufficient amounts of components or products, or not fully utilize firm our purchase commitments.
Our business could be materially and adversely affected if our customers become unable to, or otherwise do not, pay their invoices.
If any third party refuses to execute an agreement waiving such claims to the monies held in the Trust Account,one or more of our management will consider whether competitive alternatives are reasonably available to us and will only enter into an agreement with such third party if management believes that such third party’s engagement would be in the best interests of the Company under the circumstances. Marcum LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, and the underwriters of the Public Offering will not execute agreements with us waiving such claims to the monies held in the Trust Account.

Examples of possible instances where we may engage a third party that refuses to execute a waiver include the engagement of a third party consultant whose particular expertise or skills are believed by management to be significantly superior to those of other consultants that would agree to execute a waiver or in cases where managementmajor customers is unable to findpay our invoices as they become due or a service provider willingcustomer simply refuses to executemake such payments if it experiences financial difficulties, our business would be adversely affected. If a waiver.major customer were to enter into bankruptcy proceedings or similar proceedings whereby contractual commitments are subject to stay of execution and the possibility of legal or other modification, we could be forced to record a substantial loss. Additionally, a number of our customers are startup companies, small and mid-sized business, that are privately funded, have limited resources, and do not have a history of creditworthiness that we can audit to determine reliability and increase the potential risk to record potential losses. These companies could fail to raise enough capital and have to shut down operations. Even if they are financially solvent and stable and we are successful in securing a commercial relationship with them, their business plans for future programs may be inherently uncertain and unpredictable, and less structured than established companies.

We are exposed to credit risk on our trade accounts receivable, supplier non-trade receivables and prepayments related to long-term supply agreements, and this risk is heightened during periods when economic conditions worsen.
We sell our products directly to small and mid-sized businesses and educational customers. Our outstanding trade receivables are not covered by collateral, third-party bank support or financing arrangements, or credit insurance. Our exposure to credit and collectability risk on our trade receivables is higher in certain international markets and our ability to mitigate such risks may be limited. We also have unsecured supplier non-trade receivables resulting from purchases of components by outsourcing partners and other vendors that manufacture sub-assemblies or assemble final products for us. In addition, from time to time, we may make prepayments associated with long-term supply agreements to secure supply of inventory components. While we are implementing procedures to monitor and limit exposure to credit risk on our trade and supplier non-trade receivables, there can be no assurance such procedures will effectively limit our credit risk and avoid losses.
Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.
As of December 31, 2022, we had $246.2 million of U.S. federal and $124.9 million of state net operating loss carryforwards available to reduce future taxable income. Of the $246.2 million in U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards, $237.7 million will be carried forward indefinitely. Of our U.S. state net operating loss carryforwards, $124.9 million less than $0.1 million will begin to expire in 2031. It is possible that we will not generate taxable income in time to use these net operating loss carryforwards before their expiration (if we generate taxable income at all).
In addition, our federal and state net operating loss carryforwards and certain tax credits may be subject to significant limitations under Section 382 and Section 383 of the Internal Revenue Code, respectively, and similar provisions of state law. Under those sections of the Internal Revenue Code, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes, such as research tax credits, to offset its post-change income or taxes may be limited. In general, an “ownership change” will occur if there is no guaranteea cumulative change in our ownership by certain significant shareholders that such entities will agree to waive any claims theyexceeds 50 percentage points over a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may haveapply under state tax laws. The Company has experienced ownership changes since its inception, and may experience ownership changes in the future as a result of future transactions in our stock, including the closing of the Velodyne Merger. If it is determined that we have in the past experienced an ownership change, or arising outif we undergo one or more ownership changes in the future, then our ability to utilize our U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards or other tax attributes may be limited or eliminated.
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Key components in our products come from limited or agreements with ussingle source third party suppliers, and will not seek recourse against the Trust Account for any reason. Upon redemptionwe expect to rely on third parties to manufacture a significant portion of our products for the foreseeable future. Interruptions in our relationships with these third parties could adversely impact our business.
We rely on third party manufacturers, including Benchmark Electronics, Inc. (“Benchmark”) and Fabrinet USA Inc. (“Fabrinet”), to supply our products. These arrangements are intended to lower our operating costs, but they also reduce our direct control over production and distribution. This diminished control may have an adverse effect on the quality or quantity of products or services, or our flexibility to respond to changing conditions. If Benchmark or any of our third-party component suppliers or logistics and transportation partners experience interruptions, delays or disruptions in supplying their products or services, including by natural disasters, trade restrictions, the global COVID-19 pandemic, other epidemics and public shares,health crises, or work stoppages or capacity constraints, our ability to ship products to distributors and customers may be delayed. In addition, unfavorable economic conditions could result in financial distress among third-party suppliers or manufacturers upon which we rely, thereby increasing the risk of disruption of supplies necessary to fulfill our production requirements and meet customer demands. Additionally, if any of these third parties on whom we are unablerely were to completeexperience quality control problems in their operations and our initial business combination within the prescribed timeframe,products do not meet customer or upon the exercise of a redemption right in connection with our initial business combination,regulatory requirements, we willcould be required to provide for paymentcover the cost of claimsrepair or replacement of creditors that were not waived thatany defective products. These delays or product quality issues could have an immediate and material adverse effect on our ability to fulfill orders and could have a negative effect on our operating results. In addition, such delays or issues with product quality could adversely affect our reputation and our relationship with our customers, distributors, value added software resellers, and integrators.
If these third parties experience financial, operational, manufacturing capacity or other difficulties, or experience shortages in required components, or if they are otherwise unable or unwilling to continue to manufacture our products in required volumes or at all, our supply may be brought against us within the 10 years following redemption. Accordingly, the per-share redemption amount received by public shareholdersdisrupted, we may be required to seek alternate manufacturers and we may be required to re-design our products. It would be time-consuming, and could be less thancostly and impracticable, to begin to use new manufacturers, components or designs, and such changes could cause significant interruptions in supply and could have an adverse effect on our ability to meet our scheduled product deliveries and may subsequently lead to the $10.00 per public share initially heldloss of sales. While we take measures to protect our trade secrets, the use of third-party suppliers and manufacturers may also risk disclosure of our innovative and proprietary manufacturing methodologies, which could adversely affect our business.
We believe there are a limited number of competent, high-quality suppliers in the Trust Account, dueindustry that meet our strict quality and control standards, and as we seek to claims of such creditors. Pursuant to the letter agreement the form of which is filed as an exhibit to this Form 10-K, our Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to us if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services renderedobtain additional or products sold to us, or a prospective target business with which we have entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or other similar agreement or business combination agreement, reduce the amount of fundsalternative supplier arrangements in the Trust Account to below the lesser of (i) $10.00 per public share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $10.00 per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, less taxes payable, providedfuture, there can be no assurance that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business who executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the Trust Account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable) nor will it apply to any claims under our indemnity of the underwriters of the Public Offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. However, we have not asked our Sponsor to reserve for such indemnification obligations, nor have we independently verified whether our Sponsor has sufficient funds to satisfy its indemnity obligations and we believe that our Sponsor’s only assets are securities of our Company. Therefore, we cannot assure you that our Sponsor would be able to satisfy those obligations. Asdo so on satisfactory terms, in a result, if any such claims were successfully made againsttimely manner, or at all. Our suppliers could also discontinue or modify components used in our products. In some cases, the Trust Account,lead times associated with certain components are lengthy and preclude rapid changes in quantities and delivery schedules. We may in the funds available for our initial business combinationfuture experience component shortages and redemptionsprice fluctuations of certain key components and materials, and the predictability of the availability and pricing of these components may be limited. Component shortages or pricing fluctuations could be reduced to less than $10.00 per public share.material in the future. In suchthe event of a component shortage, supply interruption or material pricing change from suppliers of these components, we may not be able to completedevelop alternate sources in a timely manner or at all in the case of sole or limited sources. Developing alternate sources of supply for these components may be time-consuming, difficult, and costly and we may not be able to source these components on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, which may undermine our initial business combination,ability to meet our requirements or to fill customer orders in a timely manner. Any interruption or delay in the supply of any of these parts or components, or the inability to obtain these parts or components from alternate sources at acceptable prices and youwithin a reasonable amount of time, would receive such lesser amount per shareadversely affect our ability to meet our scheduled product deliveries to our customers. This could adversely affect our relationships with customers and distributors and could cause delays in connection with any redemption of your public shares. Noneshipment of our officers or directors will indemnify us for claims by third parties including, without limitation, claims by vendorsproducts and prospective target businesses.

Our directors may decide notadversely affect our operating results. In addition, increased component costs could result in lower gross margins. Even where we are able to enforce the indemnification obligations of our Sponsor, resulting in a reduction in the amount of funds in the Trust Account available for distributionpass increased component costs along to our public shareholders.

In the event that the proceeds in the Trust Account are reduced below the lessercustomers, there may be a lapse of (i) $10.00 per share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account if less than $10.00 per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, in each case less taxes payable, and our Sponsor asserts that it is unable to satisfy his obligations or that he has no indemnification obligations related to a particular claim, our independent directors would determine whether to take legal action against our Sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations. While we currently expect that our independent directors would take legal action on our behalf against our Sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations to us,time before it is possible that our independent directors in exercising their business judgment and subject to their fiduciary duties may choose not to do so, in any particular instance if, for example, the cost of such legal action is deemed by the independent directors to be too high relative to the amount recoverable or if the independent directors determine that a favorable outcome is not likely. If our independent directors choose not to enforce these indemnification obligations, the amount of funds in the Trust Account available for distribution to our public shareholders may be reduced below $10.00 per share.

If, after we distribute the proceeds in the Trust Account to our public shareholders, we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, a bankruptcy court may seek to recover such proceeds, and the members of our board of directors may be viewed as having breached their fiduciary duties to our creditors, thereby exposing the members of our board of directors and us to claims of punitive damages.

If, after we distribute the proceeds in the Trust Account to our public shareholders, we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, any distributions received by shareholders could be viewed under applicable debtor/creditor and/or bankruptcy laws as either a “preferential transfer” or a “fraudulent conveyance.” As a result, a bankruptcy court could seek to recover some or all amounts received by our shareholders. In addition, our board of directors may be viewed as having breached its fiduciary duty to our creditors and/or having acted in bad faith, thereby exposing itself and us to claims of punitive damages, by paying public shareholders from the Trust Account prior to addressing the claims of creditors.

If, before distributing the proceeds in the Trust Account to our public shareholders, we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, the claims of creditors in such proceeding may have priority over the claims of our shareholders and the per-share amount that would otherwise be received by our shareholders in connection with our liquidation may be reduced.

If, before distributing the proceeds in the Trust Account to our public shareholders, we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, the proceeds held in Trust Account could be subject to applicable bankruptcy law, and may be included in our bankruptcy estate and subject to the claims of third parties with priority over the claims of our shareholders. To the extent any bankruptcy claims deplete the Trust Account, the per-share amount that would otherwise be received by our shareholders in connection with our liquidation may be reduced.

If we are deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we may be required to institute burdensome compliance requirements and our activities may be restricted, which may make it difficult for us to complete our initial business combination.

If we are deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, our activities may be restricted, including:

restrictions on the nature of our investments; and

restrictions on the issuance of securities,

each of which may make it difficult for us to complete our initial business combination. In addition, we may have imposed upon us burdensome requirements, including:

registration as an investment company;

adoption of a specific form of corporate structure; and

reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy and disclosure requirements and other rules and regulations.

In order not to be regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, unless we can qualify for an exclusion, we must ensure that we are engaged primarily in a business other than investing, reinvesting or trading of securities and that our activities do not include investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading “investment securities” constituting more than 40% of our assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. Our business is to identify and complete a business combination and thereafter to operateabsorb the post-transaction business or assets for the long term. We do not plan to buy businesses or assets with a view to resale or profit from their resale. We do not plan to buy unrelated businesses or assets or to be a passive investor.

We do not believe that our principal activities subject us to the Investment Company Act. To this end, the proceeds held in the Trust Account may only be invested in United States “government securities” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act having a maturity of 185 days or less or in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 promulgated under the Investment Company Act which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations. Pursuant to the trust agreement, the trustee is not permitted to invest in other securities or assets. By restricting the investment of the proceeds to these instruments, and by having a business plan targeted at acquiring and growing businesses for the long term (rather than on buying and selling businesses in the manner of a merchant bank or private equity fund), we intend to avoid being deemed an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act. The Trust Account is intended as a holding place for funds pending the earliest to occur of either: (i) the completion of our initial business combination; (ii) the redemption of any public shares properly submitted in connection with a shareholder vote to amend our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (A) to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to allow redemption in connection with our initial business combination or to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within 24 months of the Public Offering or (B) with respect to any other material provisions relating to shareholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity; or (iii) absent an initial business combination within 24 months of the Public Offering, our return of the funds held in the Trust Account to our public shareholders as part of our redemption of the public shares. If we do not invest the proceeds as discussed above, we may be deemed to be subject to the Investment Company Act. If we were deemed to be subject to the Investment Company Act, compliance with these additional regulatory burdens would require additional expenses for which we have not allotted funds and may hinder our ability to complete a business combination.increased cost. If we are unable to completebuy these components in quantities sufficient to meet our initial business combination,requirements on a timely basis, we will not be able to deliver our public shareholders may only receive their pro rata portionproducts to our customers, and cause our customers to use competitors’ products instead of the funds in the Trust Accountours.

Should operations at our third-party suppliers, including Benchmark and Fabrinet, encounter disruptions or losses that are available for distribution to public shareholders, and our warrants will expire worthless.

Changes in laws or regulations, or a failure to comply with any laws and regulations, may adversely affect our business, including our ability to negotiate and complete our initial business combination, and results of operations.

We are subject to laws and regulations enacted by national, regional and local governments. In particular, we are required to comply with certain SEC and other legal requirements. Compliance with, and monitoring of, applicable laws and regulations may be difficult, time consuming and costly. Those laws and regulations and their interpretation and application may also change from time to time and those changescaused by work stoppages, disease outbreaks or pandemics, acts of war, terrorism, fire, earthquakes, flooding or other natural disasters, it could result in delays, postponement or reduce production of our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, investments and results of operations. In addition,operations and financial condition until such time as such production disruption is resolved or an alternate source of production or supply is secured.


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Outsourcing a failure to comply with applicable lawssubstantial percentage of our manufacturing outside of the United States involves certain risks or regulations, as interpreted and applied,may not be successful, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, includingharm our ability to negotiatedeliver products and completerecognize revenue.
Historically, we manufactured all of our initialdigital sensors at our facility in San Francisco, California. We intend to maintain a portion of our manufacturing at this facility; however, in 2019, we began moving a portion of our manufacturing operations to a manufacturing facility in Thailand in connection with our relationship with Benchmark, which for the year ended December 31, 2022, accounted for a majority of our manufacturing output. Any substantial delay in bringing this facility up to full production on our current schedule may hinder our ability to produce all of the products needed to meet orders and/or achieve our expected financial performance. Opening this facility has required, and will continue to require, additional capital expenditures and the efforts and attention of our management and other personnel, which has and will continue to divert resources from our existing business combination,or operations. If and resultswhen this manufacturing facility is brought up to full production according to our current schedule, it may not provide us with all of operations.

the operational and financial benefits we expect to receive.

We have invested in manufacturing process equipment which is held at Benchmark’s facility, and we may make prepayments to some of our suppliers associated with long-term supply agreements. While these arrangements help ensure the supply of components and finished goods, if our co-manufacturer or suppliers experience severe financial problems or other disruptions in their business, such continued supply would be reduced or terminated, and the recoverability of manufacturing process equipment or prepayments would be negatively impacted.
Additionally, manufacturing outside the United States is subject to several inherent risks, including:
foreign currency fluctuations;
local economic conditions;
political instability;
import or export requirements;
foreign government regulatory requirements;
reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;
tariffs and other trade barriers and restrictions; and
potentially adverse tax consequences.
We plan to continue working with Fabrinet, which was historically Velodyne’s primary manufacturing partner, for the manufacturing output of our Velodyne sensors. Integration with Fabrinet may require additional capital expenditures, efforts and attention from our management and personnel, is subject to similar risks as those enumerated with respect to Benchmark, and potentially higher risks inherent to building a new relationship.
We do not currently have long-term, committed supply contracts with many of our suppliers. Loss of one or more of these suppliers or our inability to identify and establish relationships with new suppliers could harm our business and impede our growth.
Because we do not maintain long-term supply contracts, any of our suppliers could seek to alter or terminate its relationship with us at any time, leaving us with periods during which we have limited or no ability to manufacture our products. The production of our products is dependent on producing or sourcing certain key components, including semiconductor chips, and raw materials at acceptable price levels. If we are unable to consummateadequately reduce and control the costs of such key components, we will be unable to realize manufacturing costs targets, which could reduce the market adoption of our initialproducts, damage our reputation with current or prospective customers, and materially and adversely impact our brand, business, combination within 24 monthsprospects, financial condition and operating results.
Adverse conditions in the industries we target or the global economy more generally could have adverse effects on our results of operations.
While we make our strategic planning decisions based on the Public Offering, our public shareholders may be forced to wait beyond such to 24 months before redemption from our Trust Account.

Ifassumption that the markets we are unable to consummatetargeting will grow, our initial business combination within 24 months ofis dependent, in large part on, and directly affected by, business cycles and other factors affecting the Public Offering, the proceeds thenrobotics, industrial automation, smart infrastructure, and transportation industries and global economy generally. Our target markets are highly cyclical and depend on depositgeneral economic conditions and other factors, including consumer spending and preferences, changes in interest rates and credit availability, consumer confidence, inflation, environmental impact, governmental incentives and regulatory requirements, political volatility, labor relations issues, trade agreements and other factors.

For example, general inflation in the Trust AccountUnited States, Europe and other geographies has risen to levels not experienced in recent decades. General inflation, including rising prices for inputs and rising wages, as well as rising interest earned onrates negatively impact our business by increasing our operating costs. General inflation also negatively impacts our business by
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decreasing the funds held in the trust account (less taxes payable and up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), will be used to fund the redemption of our public shares, as further described herein. Any redemption of public shareholders from the Trust Account will be effected automatically by function of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association prior to any voluntary winding up. If we are required to wind-up, liquidate the Trust Account and distribute such amount therein, pro rata, to our public shareholders, as part of any liquidation process, such winding up, liquidation and distribution must comply with the applicable provisions of the Companies Law. In that case, investors may be forced to wait beyond 24 months of the Public Offering before the redemption proceeds of our Trust Account become available to them, and they receive the return of their pro rata portion of the proceeds from our Trust Account. We have no obligation to return funds to investors prior to the date of our redemption or liquidation unless we consummate our initial business combination prior thereto and only then in cases where investors have sought to redeem their Class A ordinary shares. Only upon our redemption or any liquidation will public shareholders be entitled to distributions if we are unable to complete our initial business combination.

Our shareholders may be held liable for claims by third parties against us to the extent of distributions received by them upon redemption of their shares.

If we are forced to enter into an insolvent liquidation, any distributions received by shareholders could be viewed as an unlawful payment if it was proved that immediately following the date on which the distribution was made, we were unable to pay our debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. As a result, a liquidator could seek to recover some or all amounts received by our shareholders. Furthermore, our directors may be viewed as having breached their fiduciary duties to us or our creditors and/or may have acted in bad faith, thereby exposing themselves and our Company to claims, by paying public shareholders from the Trust Account prior to addressing the claims of creditors. We cannot assure you that claims will not be brought against us for these reasons. We and our directors and officers who knowingly and willfully authorized or permitted any distribution to be paid out of our share premium account while we were unable to pay our debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business would be guilty of an offence and may be liable to a fine of $18,293 and to imprisonment for five years in the Cayman Islands.

We may not hold an annual meeting of shareholders until after the consummation of our initial business combination, which could delay the opportunitycapital for our shareholderscustomers to elect directors.

In accordance with NYSE corporate governance requirements, we are not requireddeploy to hold an annual meeting until no later than one year afterpurchase our first fiscal year end followingproducts. Inflation may cause our listing on NYSE. There is no requirement under the Companies Lawcustomers to reduce or delay orders for usour products thereby causing a decrease in sales. Increased instability relating to hold annual or general meetingsthis higher inflation as well as rising interest rates may enhance volatility in currency exchange rates, limit our suppliers’ and customers’ access to elect directors. Until we hold an annual meeting of shareholders, public shareholders may not be afforded the opportunitycredit and limit our ability to elect directorsaccess debt and to discuss company affairs with management. Our board of directors is divided into three classes with only one class of directors being elected in each year and each class (except for those directors appointed prior to our first annual meeting of shareholders) serving a three-year term. In addition, as holders of our Class A ordinary shares, our public shareholders will not have the right to vote on the election of directors until after the consummation of our initial business combination.

Although we have identified general criteria and guidelines that we believe are important in evaluating prospective target businesses, we may enter into our initial business combination with a target that does not meet such criteria and guidelines, and as a result, the target business with which we enter into our initial business combination may not have attributes entirely consistent with our general criteria and guidelines.

Although we have identified general criteria and guidelines for evaluating prospective target businesses, it is possible that a target business with which we enter into our initial business combination will not have all of these positive attributes. If we complete our initial business combination with a target that does not meet some or all of these guidelines, such combination may not be as successful as a combination with a business that does meet all of our general criteria and guidelines. In addition, if we announce a prospective business combination with a target that does not meet our general criteria and guidelines, a greater number of shareholders may exercise their redemption rights, whichequity financing. These uncertainties may make it difficult for us and our suppliers and customers to meet any closing condition with a targetaccurately plan future business that requires usactivities and materially adversely impact our operating results and financial condition.

Our future success depends in part on recruiting and retaining key personnel and if we fail to have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash. In addition, if shareholder approval of the transaction is required by law, or we decide to obtain shareholder approval for business or other reasons,do so, it may be more difficult for us to attain shareholder approval ofexecute our initial business combination if the target business does not meet our general criteria and guidelines. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public shareholders may only receive their pro rata portion of the funds in the Trust Account that are available for distribution to public shareholders, and our warrants will expire worthless.

strategy. We are not required to obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm or fromcurrently a valuation or appraisal firm, and consequently, you may have no assurance from an independent source that the price we are paying for the business is fair to our shareholders from a financial point of view.

Unless we complete our initial business combination with an affiliated entity or our board of directors cannot independently determine the fair market value of the target business or businesses (including with the assistance of financial advisors), we are not required to obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm which is a member of FINRA or from a valuation or appraisal firm that the price we are paying is fair to our shareholders from a financial point of view. If no opinion is obtained, our shareholders will be relying on the judgment of our board of directors, who will determine fair market value based on standards generally accepted by the financial community. Such standards used will be disclosed in our proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable, related to our initial business combination.

Our letter agreement with our Sponsor, officers and directors may be amended without shareholder approval.

Our letter agreement with our Sponsor, officers and directors contain provisions relating to transfer restrictions of our Founder Shares and private placement warrants, indemnification of the Trust Account, waiver of redemption rights and participation in liquidating distributions from the Trust Account. The letter agreement may be amended without shareholder approval. While we do not expect our board to approve any amendment to the letter agreement prior to our initial business combination, it may be possible that our board, in exercising its business judgment and subject to its fiduciary duties, chooses to approve one or more amendments to the letter agreement. Any such amendments to the letter agreement would not require approval from our shareholderssmall organization and may have an adverse effectneed to hire additional qualified personnel to effectively implement our strategic plan.

Our success depends on the value of an investment in our securities.

Our initial shareholders control a substantial interest in us and thus may exert a substantial influence on actions requiring a shareholder vote, potentially in a manner that you do not support.

Our initial shareholders own 20% of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares. Accordingly, they may exert a substantial influence on actions requiring a shareholder vote, potentially in a manner that you do not support, including amendments to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. If our initial shareholders purchase any additional Class A ordinary shares in the aftermarket or in privately negotiated transactions, this would increase their control. Neither our initial shareholders nor, to our knowledge, any of our officers or directors, have any current intention to purchase additional securities, other than as disclosed in this report. Factors that would be considered in making such additional purchases would include consideration of the current trading price of our Class A ordinary shares. In addition, our board of directors, whose members were elected by our Sponsor, is and will be divided into three classes, each of which will generally serve for a terms for three years with only one class of directors being elected in each year. We may not hold an annual meeting of shareholders to elect new directors prior to the completion of our initial business combination, in which case all of the current directors will continue in office until at least the completion of the business combination. If there is an annual meeting, as a consequence of our “staggered” board of directors, only a minority of the board of directors will be considered for election and our initial shareholders, because of their ownership position, will have considerable influence regarding the outcome. Accordingly, our initial shareholders will continue to exert control at least until the completion of our initial business combination.

A provision of our warrant agreement may make it more difficult for us to consummate an initial business combination.

If (i) we issue additional ordinary shares or equity-linked securities for capital raising purposes in connection with the closing of our initial business combination at an issue price or effective issue price of less than $9.20 per Class A ordinary share (with such issue price or effective issue price to be determined in good faith by the Company’s board of directors and, in the case of any such issuance to the Sponsor or its affiliates, without taking into account any Founder Shares held by the Sponsor or such affiliates, as applicable, prior to such issuance) (the “Newly Issued Price”), (ii) the aggregate gross proceeds from such issuances represent more than 60% of the total equity proceeds, and interest thereon, available for the funding of our initial business combination, and (iii) the volume weighted average trading price of the Class A ordinary shares during the 20 trading day period starting on the trading day prior to the day on which the Company consummates a business combination (such price, the “Market Value”) is below $9.20 per share, then the exercise price of the warrants will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 115% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price, and the $18.00 per share redemption trigger price will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 180% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price. This may make it more difficult for us to consummate an initial business combination with a target business.

Because we must furnish our shareholders with target business financial statements, we may lose the ability to complete an otherwise advantageous initial business combination with some prospective target businesses.

The federal proxy rules require that the proxy statement with respect to the vote on an initial business combination include historical and pro forma financial statement disclosure. We will include the same financial statement disclosure in connection with our tender offer documents, whether or not they are required under the tender offer rules. These financial statements may be required to be prepared in accordance with, or be reconciled to, accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) or international financial reporting standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”) depending on the circumstances and the historical financial statements may be required to be audited in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”). These financial statement requirements may limit the pool of potential target businesses we may acquire because some targets may be unable to provide such financial statements in time for us to disclose such statements in accordance with federal proxy rules and complete our initial business combination within the prescribed time frame.

Compliance obligations under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may make it more difficult for us to effectuate our initial business combination, require substantial financial and management resources, and increase the time and costs of completing an initial business combination.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we evaluate and report on our system of internal controls beginning with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2021. Only in the event we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer or an accelerated filer, and no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, will we be required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirement on our internal control over financial reporting. Further, for as long as we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirement on our internal control over financial reporting. The fact that we are a blank check company makes compliance with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act particularly burdensome on us as compared to other public companies because a target business with which we seek to complete our initial business combination may not be in compliance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act regarding adequacy of its internal controls. The development of the internal control of any such entity to achieve compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may increase the time and costs necessary to complete any such business combination.

We may reincorporate in another jurisdiction in connection with our initial business combination and such reincorporation may result in taxes imposed on shareholders.

We may, in connection with our initial business combination and subject to requisite shareholder approval by special resolution under the Companies Law, reincorporate in the jurisdiction in which the target company or business is located or in another jurisdiction. The transaction may require a shareholder to recognize taxable income in the jurisdiction in which the shareholder is a tax resident or in which its members are resident if it is a tax transparent entity. We do not intend to make any cash distributions to shareholders to pay such taxes. Shareholders may be subject to withholding taxes or other taxes with respect to their ownership of us after the reincorporation.

We may reincorporate in another jurisdiction in connection with our initial business combination, and the laws of such jurisdiction may govern some or all of our future material agreements and we may not be able to enforce our legal rights.

In connection with our initial business combination, we may relocate the home jurisdiction of our business from the Cayman Islands to another jurisdiction. If we determine to do this, the laws of such jurisdiction may govern some or all of our future material agreements. The system of laws and the enforcement of existing laws in such jurisdiction may not be as certain in implementation and interpretation as in the United States. The inability to enforce or obtain a remedy under any of our future agreements could result in a significant loss of business, business opportunities or capital.

Risks Relating to the Post-Business Combination Company

Subsequent to our completion of our initial business combination, we may be required to take write-downs or write-offs, restructuring and impairment or other charges that could have a significant negative effect on our financial condition, results of operations and our share price, which could cause you to lose some or all of your investment.

Even if we conduct due diligence on a target business with which we combine, we cannot assure you that this diligence will identify all material issues that may be present within a particular target business, that it would be possible to uncover all material issues through a customary amount of due diligence, or that factors outside of the target business and outside of our control will not later arise. As a result of these factors, we may be forced to later write-down or write-off assets, restructure our operations, or incur impairment or other charges that could result in our reporting losses. Even if our due diligence successfully identifies certain risks, unexpected risks may arise and previously known risks may materialize in a manner not consistent with our preliminary risk analysis. Even though these charges may be non-cash items and not have an immediate impact on our liquidity, the fact that we report charges of this nature could contribute to negative market perceptions about us or our securities. In addition, charges of this nature may cause us to violate net worth or other covenants to which we may be subject as a result of assuming pre-existing debt held by a target business or by virtue of our obtaining debt financing to partially finance the initial business combination or thereafter. Accordingly, any shareholders who choose to remain shareholders following the business combination could suffer a reduction in the value of their securities. Such shareholders are unlikely to have a remedy for such reduction in value unless they are able to successfully claim that the reduction was due to the breach by our officers or directors of a duty of care or other fiduciary duty owed to them, or if they are able to successfully bring a private claim under securities laws that the proxy solicitation or tender offer materials, as applicable, relating to the business combination contained an actionable material misstatement or material omission.

Resources could be wasted in researching business combinations that are not completed, which could materially adversely affect subsequent attempts to locate and acquire or merge with another business. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public shareholders may only receive their pro rata portion of the funds in the Trust Account that are available for distribution to public shareholders, and our warrants will expire worthless.

We anticipate that the investigation of each specific target business and the negotiation, drafting and execution of relevant agreements, disclosure documents and other instruments will require substantial management time and attention and substantial costs for accountants, attorneys, consultants and others. If we decide not to complete a specific initial business combination, the costs incurred up to that point for the proposed transaction likely would not be recoverable. Furthermore, if we reach an agreement relating to a specific target business, we may fail to complete our initial business combination for any number of reasons including those beyond our control. Any such event will result in a loss to us of the related costs incurred which could materially adversely affect subsequent attempts to locate and acquire or merge with another business. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public shareholders may only receive their pro rata portion of the funds in the Trust Account that are available for distribution to public shareholders, and our warrants will expire worthless.

We are dependent upon our officers and directors and their loss could adversely affect our ability to operate.

Our operations are dependent upon a relatively small group of individualsattract, retain and inmotivate highly qualified management, technical, manufacturing, engineering and sales personnel. In particular, our officerssuccess may depend on our ability to recruit and directors.retain management personnel who are qualified to manage a public company. We believe thatare highly dependent on our success depends on the continued servicesenior management, including our founders, Angus Pacala and Mark Frichtl. If any of such persons left, our business could be harmed. All of our officers and directors, at least until we have completed our initial business combination. In addition, our officers and directorsUS based employees are not required to commit any specified amount of time to our affairs and, accordingly, will have conflicts of interest in allocating their time among various business activities, including identifying potential business combinations and monitoring the related due diligence. We do not have an employment agreement with, or key-man insurance on the life of, any of our directors or officers.“at-will” employees. The unexpected loss of the services of one or more of our directorskey employees could delay or officers could have a detrimental effectan impact on us.

the successful commercialization of our products. We do not maintain key man insurance.

Our ability to successfully effectexecute on our initial business combination and to be successful thereafter will be dependent upon the efforts ofstrategic plan depends in part on our key personnel, some of whom may join us following our initial business combination. The loss of key personnel could negatively impact the operations and profitability of our post-combination business.

Our ability to successfully effectcontinue to appropriately build our initial business combinationorganization and hire qualified personnel, especially with engineering, sales, technical, and manufacturing expertise. Competition for qualified personnel is dependent upon the efforts of our key personnel. The role of our key personnelespecially severe in the target business, however, cannot presently be ascertained. Although some of our key personnel may remain with the target business in senior management or advisory positions following our initial business combination, it is likely that some or all of the management of the target business will remain in place. While we intend to closely scrutinize any individuals we engage after our initial business combination, we cannot assure you that our assessment of these individuals will prove to be correct. These individuals may be unfamiliar with the requirements of operating a company regulated by the SEC, which could cause us to have to expend time and resources helping them become familiar with such requirements.

After our initial business combination, it is possible that a majority of our directors and officers will live outside the United States and all of our assets will be located outside the United States; therefore, investorsSan Francisco Bay Area. We may not be able to enforce federal securities lawsattract and retain qualified personnel on acceptable terms given the competition for such personnel. If we are unsuccessful in our recruitment efforts, it may adversely affect our business and our growth prospects.

In addition, in connection with the closing of the Velodyne Merger, in February 2023, we implemented a reduction in force affecting approximately 180-200 employees in order reduce redundancies with the acquired business. The reduction in force may result in unintended consequences and costs, such as the loss of institutional knowledge and expertise, attrition beyond the intended number of employees, decreased morale among our remaining employees, and the risk that we may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the reduction in force. In addition, while positions have been eliminated, certain functions necessary to our operations remain, and we may be unsuccessful in distributing the duties and obligations of departed employees among our remaining employees. The reduction in workforce could also make it difficult for us to pursue, or their other legal rights.

It is possible that afterprevent us from pursuing, new opportunities and initiatives due to insufficient personnel, or require us to incur additional and unanticipated costs to hire new personnel to pursue such opportunities or initiatives. If we are unable to realize the anticipated benefits from the reduction in force, or if we experience significant adverse consequences from the reduction in force, our initial business, combination, a majorityfinancial condition, and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

Some of our directorsemployees are employed by professional employer organizations which may have unexpected costs that could adversely impact our business.
We contract with non-US professional employer organizations (“PEOs”), to administer our human resources, payroll and officers will reside outside of the United States and allemployee benefits functions for some of our assets will be locatedsubsidiaries’ employees outside of the United States. As a result, itAlthough we recruit and select these employees, their employment relationship is with the relevant PEO. Accordingly, these employees are compensated through the PEO, are governed by the work policies created by the PEO and receive their annual wage statements and other payroll-related reports from the PEO. In addition, some of these employees may receive stock compensation directly from the Company. The PEO relationship streamlines hiring and employee maintenance, and enables management to focus on issues other than payroll administration, but this relationship also exposes us to some risks. For example, if the PEO is unable to or otherwise fails to adequately withhold or pay employer taxes or to comply with other applicable laws, we may be difficult,held liable for such violations notwithstanding any indemnification provisions provided to us by the PEOs. In certain non-US jurisdictions, despite the PEO relationship, there is a risk that the employee may nonetheless be deemed our direct employee and that the Company may be deemed to have a permanent operation in a non-US jurisdiction. Court and administrative proceedings related to matters of employment tax, labor law and other laws applicable to PEO arrangements could distract management from our business and cause us to incur significant expense. If we were held liable for violations by PEOs, such monetary penalties may adversely affect our profitability and could negatively affect our business and results of operations.





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We may be unable to successfully integrate our business with Velodyne or realize the expected benefits of the Velodyne Merger on our expected timeframe or at all. In addition, if we choose to acquire or invest in some cases not possible, for investors in the United Statesother new businesses, products or technologies, we may be unable to enforce their legal rights, to effect service of process upon all of our directors or officerscomplete these acquisitions or to enforce judgments of United States courts predicated upon civil liabilities and criminal penalties on our directors and officers under United States laws.

Our key personnel may negotiate employment or consulting agreements withsuccessfully integrate them in a target business in connection with a particular business combination, and a particular business combination may be conditioned on the retention or resignation of such key personnel. These agreements may provide for them to receive compensation following our initial business combination and as a result, may cause them to have conflicts of interest in determining whether a particular business combination is the most advantageous.

Our key personnel may be able to remain with our Company after the completion of our initial business combination only if they are able to negotiate employment or consulting agreements in connection with the business combination. Such negotiations would take place simultaneously with the negotiation of the business combination and could provide for such individuals to receive compensation in the form of cash paymentscost-effective and/or our securities for services they would render to us after the completion of the business combination. Such negotiations also could make such key personnel’s retention or resignation a condition to any such agreement. The personal and financial interests of such individuals may influence their motivation in identifying and selecting a target business, subject to their fiduciary duties under Cayman Islands law.

We may have a limited ability to assess the management of a prospective target business and, as a result, may effect our initial business combination with a target business whose management may not have the skills, qualifications or abilities to manage a public company.

When evaluating the desirability of effecting our initial business combination with a prospective target business,non-disruptive manner.

Our success depends on our ability to assessenhance and broaden our product offerings in response to changing customer demands, competitive pressures and advances in technologies. Failure to successfully identify, complete, manage and integrate acquisitions could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and could cause our stock price to decline. We continue to search for viable acquisition candidates or strategic transactions that would expand our market sector and/or global presence, as well as additional products appropriate for current distribution channels. Accordingly, we have previously and may in the target business’sfuture pursue the acquisition of new businesses, products or technologies instead of developing them internally. Our future success will depend, in part, upon our ability to manage the expanded business following these acquisitions, including challenges related to the management may be limited dueand monitoring of new operations and associated increased costs and complexity associated with such acquisitions. For example, in February 2023, we completed the Velodyne Merger to a lackhelp us enhance our robust suite of time, resources or information. Our assessmentproduct offerings and software; grow our diverse customer base; increase operational efficiencies; further develop our innovative product roadmap in anticipation for the future needs of the capabilities of the target business’s management, therefore, may provemarket; reduce our production costs; improve our path to be incorrectprofitability; and such management may lack the skills, qualifications or abilities we suspected. Should the target business’s management not possess the skills, qualifications or abilities necessary to manage a public company, the operations and profitability of the post-combination business may be negatively impacted. Accordingly,strengthen our future financial position. In connection with any shareholders who choose to remain shareholders following the business combination could suffer a reduction in the value of their shares. Such shareholders are unlikely to have a remedy for such reduction in value unless they are able to successfully claim that the reduction was due to the breach by our officers or directors of a duty of care or other fiduciary duty owed to them, or if they are able to successfully bring a private claim under securities laws that the proxy solicitation or tender offer materials, as applicable, relating to the business combination contained an actionable material misstatement or material omission.

The officers and directors of an acquisition candidate may resign upon completion of our initial business combination. The loss of a business combination target’s key personnel could negatively impact the operations and profitability of our post-combination business.

The role of an acquisition candidate’s key personnel upon the completion of our initial business combination cannot be ascertained at this time. Although we contemplate that certain members of an acquisition candidate’s management team will remain associated with the acquisition candidate following our initial business combination, it is possible that members of the management of an acquisition candidate will not wish to remain in place.

Our management may not be able to maintain control of a target business after our initial business combination. We cannot provide assurance that, upon loss of control of a target business, new management will possess the skills, qualifications or abilities necessary to profitably operate such business.

We may structure our initial business combination so that the post-transaction company in which our public shareholders own shares will own less than 100% of the equity interests or assets of a target business, but we will only complete such business combination if the post-transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires a controlling interest in the target sufficient for us not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. We will not consider any transaction that does not meet such criteria. Even if the post-transaction company owns 50% or more of the voting securities of the target, our shareholders prior to the business combination may collectively own a minority interest in the post business combination company, depending on valuations ascribed to the target and us in the business combination. For example,acquisitions, we could pursue a transaction inissue additional equity securities, which we issue a substantial number of new Class A ordinary shares in exchange for all of the outstanding capital stock or shares of a target. In this case, we would acquire a 100% interest in the target. However, as a result of the issuance of a substantial number of new Class A ordinary shares,dilute our shareholders immediately prior to such transaction could own less than a majority of our issued and outstanding Class A ordinary shares subsequent to such transaction. In addition, other minority shareholders may subsequently combine their holdings resulting in a single person or group obtaining a larger share of the Company’s shares than we initially acquired. Accordingly, this may make it more likely that our management will not be able to maintain control of the target business.

We may issue notes or other debt securities, or otherwisestockholders, incur substantial debt to completefund the acquisitions or assume significant liabilities.

Acquisitions involve many and diverse risks and uncertainties, including risks associated with conduction due diligence, problems integrating the purchased operations, assets, technologies or products, unanticipated costs, liabilities, and economic, political, legal and regulatory challenges due to our inexperience operating in new regions or countries, inability to achieve anticipated synergies, overpaying for acquisitions, invalid sales assumptions underlying potential acquisitions, issues maintaining uniform standards, procedures, controls and policies, diversion of management attention, adverse effects on existing business relationships or acquired company business relationships, risks associated with entering new markets, potential loss of key employees of acquired businesses, increased legal, accounting and compliance costs,and failure to successfully integrate acquired companies, such as Sense or Velodyne, or retain key personnel from the acquired company. Acquisitions may divert our attention from our core business. Acquisitions may require us to record goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets that will be subject to testing on a business combination,regular basis and potential period impairment charges, incur amortization expenses related to certain intangible assets, and incur write offs and restructuring and other related expenses, any of which may adversely affectcould harm our leverageoperating results and financial conditioncondition.
We compete with other companies for these opportunities, and thus negatively impact the value of our shareholders’ investment in us.

Although we have no commitments as of the date of this reportmay be unable to issue any notesconsummate such acquisitions or other debt securities,strategic transactions on commercially reasonable terms, or to otherwise incur outstanding debt following the Public Offering, weat all. In addition, acquired businesses may choose to incur substantial debt to complete our initial business combination. We and our officers have agreedongoing or potential liabilities, legal claims (including tort and/or personal injury claims) or adverse operating issues that we will not incur any indebtedness unless we have obtained from the lender a waiver of any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in orfail to discover through due diligence prior to the monies held in the Trust Account. As such, no issuance of debt will affect the per share amount available for redemption from the Trust Account. Nevertheless, the incurrence of debt could have a variety of negative effects, including:

default and foreclosure on our assets if our operating revenues after an initial business combination are insufficient to repay our debt obligations;

acceleration of our obligations to repay the indebtedness evenacquisition. Even if we make all principal and interest payments when due if we breach certain covenants that require the maintenanceare aware of certain financial ratiossuch liabilities, claims or reserves without a waiver or renegotiation of that covenant;

our immediate payment of all principal and accrued interest, if any, if the debt security is payable on demand;

our inability to obtain necessary additional financing if the debt security contains covenants restricting our ability to obtain such financing while the debt security is outstanding;

our inability to pay dividends on our Class A ordinary shares;

using a substantial portion of our cash flow to pay principal and interest on our debt, which will reduce the funds available for dividends on our Class A ordinary shares if declared, expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes;

limitations on our flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in our business and in the industry in which we operate;

increased vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions and adverse changes in government regulation; and

limitations on our ability to borrow additional amounts for expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, execution of our strategy and other purposes and other disadvantages compared to our competitors who have less debt.

We may only be able to complete one business combination with the proceeds of the Public Offering and the sale of the private placement warrants, which will cause us to be solely dependent on a single business which may have a limited number of products or services. This lack of diversification may negatively impact our operations and profitability.

The net proceeds from the Public Offering and the Private Placement will provide us with $193,000,000 that we may use to complete our initial business combination (after taking into account the $7,000,000 of deferred underwriting commissions being held in the Trust Account).

We may effectuate our initial business combination with a single target business or multiple target businesses simultaneously or within a short period of time. However,issues, we may not be able to effectuateaccurately estimate the magnitude of the related liabilities and damages. In particular, to the extent that prior owners of any acquired businesses or properties failed to comply with or otherwise violated applicable laws or regulations, failed to fulfill their contractual obligations to their customers, or failed to satisfy legal obligations to employees or third parties, we, as the successor, may be financially responsible for these violations and failures and may suffer reputational harm or otherwise be adversely affected. Acquisitions also frequently result in the recording of goodwill and other intangible assets which are subject to potential impairment in the future that could harm our initialfinancial results. If we were to issue additional equity in connection with such acquisitions, this may dilute our stockholders.

Legal and Regulatory Risks Related to Our Business
Our products are frequently used in applications that are subject to evolving regulations and standards.
Our customers may use our products for regulated and standardized applications that require our products to comply with regulations and standards that are applicable to both our products and to those industries and applications, including functional safety and product reliability standards. New regulations and industry standards may be adopted that result in delays or cancellations of programs. If we decide not to pursue or fail to achieve these regulatory or industry certifications, we may lose existing or potential commercial opportunities or be exposed to legal liability from regulators.

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We are subject to governmental export and import controls and economic sanctions laws and regulations. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations could have an adverse effect on our business, combination with more than one target business becauseprospects, financial condition and results of various factors,operations.
Our products and solutions are subject to certain U.S. and foreign export controls, trade sanctions, and import laws and regulations, including the existenceU.S. Export Administration Regulations, U.S. Customs regulations and various economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of complex accounting issuesForeign Assets Controls. U.S. export control laws and regulations and economic sanctions prohibit the requirement thatshipment of certain products and services to countries, governments, and persons targeted by U.S. sanctions. Even though we preparetake precautions to prevent our productions and file pro forma financial statementssolutions from being provided to entities subject to these restrictions, our products could find their way to such prohibited entities. Any such provision could have negative consequences, including government investigations, penalties, or reputational harm.
In addition, complying with export control and sanctions regulations for a particular sale may be time-consuming and create delays in the SEC that present operating resultsintroduction of our products and solutions in some international markets, and, in some cases, prevent the financial conditionexport of several target businesses as if they had been operated onour software and services to some countries altogether. Exports of our products and technology must be made in compliance with these laws and regulations. If a combined basis. By completing our initial business combinationlicense is required from a government agency prior to sale, no exports may occur until the appropriate approvals are obtained. If we fail to comply with only a single entity, our lackthese laws and regulations, penalties could be imposed, including substantial monetary fines and/or denial of diversification may subject usexport privileges. In addition, in extreme cases responsible employees or managers can be held criminally liable for such violations.
Changes to numerous economic, competitivetrade policy, tariffs and regulatory developments. Further, we would not be able to diversify our operations or benefit from the possible spreading of risks or offsetting of losses, unlike other entities which may have the resources to complete several business combinations in different industries or different areas of a single industry. Accordingly, the prospects for our success may be:

solely dependent upon the performance of a single business, property or asset, or

dependent upon the development or market acceptance of a single or limited number of products, processes or services.

This lack of diversification may subject us to numerous economic, competitive and regulatory risks, any or all of whichimport/export regulations may have a substantialmaterial adverse impact uponeffect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Any new export or import restrictions, new legislation or shifting approaches in the particular industryenforcement or scope of existing regulations, or changes in which we may operate subsequent to our initial business combination.

We may attempt to simultaneously complete business combinations with multiple prospective targets, which may hinderglobal, political, regulatory and economic conditions affecting U.S. trade, manufacturing, development or investment, could result in additional restrictions on our ability to completeconduct business. In recent years, the U.S. has instituted or proposed changes in trade policies that include the negotiation or termination of trade agreements, the imposition of higher tariffs on imports into the U.S., economic sanctions on individuals, corporations or countries, and other government regulations affecting trade between the U.S. and other countries where we conduct our initial business combinationbusiness. A number of other nations have proposed or instituted similar measures directed at trade with the United States in response. As a result of these developments, there may be greater restrictions and give rise to increased costs and riskseconomic disincentives on international trade that could negatively impactadversely affect our business. As additional trade-related policies are instituted, we may need to modify our business operations to comply and profitability.

If we determineadapt to simultaneously acquire several businesses that are owned by different sellers, we will need for each of such sellers to agree that our purchase of its business is contingent on the simultaneous closings of the other business combinations,developments, which may make it more difficultbe time-consuming and expensive.

Moreover, China and the U.S. have each imposed tariffs, indicating the potential for us,further trade barriers which may escalate a nascent trade war between China and delaythe U.S. The resulting environment of retaliatory trade or other practices or additional trade restrictions or barriers, if implemented on a broader range of products or raw materials, could harm our ability to completeobtain necessary materials. For example, tariffs on certain Chinese origin goods impact the cost of material and machines we import directly from our initial business combination. With multiple business combinations, we could also face additional risks, including additional burdensmanufacturing operations in China, as well as the cost of material and components imported on our behalf by suppliers. The indirect impact of inflationary pressure on costs with respect to possible multiple negotiations and due diligence investigations (if there are multiple sellers)throughout the supply chain and the additional risks associated with the subsequent assimilation of thedirect impact, for example, on costs for machines we import from our manufacturing operations and services or products of the acquired companies in a single operating business. If we are unable to adequately address these risks, it could negatively impact our profitability and results of operations.

We may attempt to complete our initial business combination with a private company about which little information is available, whichChina, may result in a business combination with a company that is not as profitable ashigher input costs and lower margins on certain products we suspected, if at all.

In pursuing our business combination strategy, we may seek to effectuate our initial business combination with a privately held company. Very little public information generally exists about private companies, and we could be required to make our decision on whether to pursue a potential initial business combination on the basis of limited information,sell, which may result in a business combination with a company that is not as profitable as we suspected, if at all.

We do not have a specified maximum redemption threshold. The absence of such a redemption threshold may make it possible for us to complete our initial business combination with which a substantial majority of our shareholders do not agree.

Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that in no event will we redeem our public shares in an amount that would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001. In addition, our proposed initial business combination may impose a minimum cash requirement for (i) cash consideration to be paid to the target or its owners, (ii) cash for working capital or other general corporate purposes or (iii) the retention of cash to satisfy other conditions. As a result, we may be able to complete our initial business combination even though a substantial majority of our public shareholders do not agree with the transaction and have redeemed their shares or, if we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination and do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, have entered into privately negotiated agreements to sell their shares to our Sponsor, officers, directors, advisors or any of their affiliates. In the event the aggregate cash consideration we would be required to pay for all Class A ordinary shares that are validly submitted for redemption plus any amount required to satisfy cash conditions pursuant to the terms of the proposed business combination exceed the aggregate amount of cash available to us, we will not complete the business combination or redeem any shares, all Class A ordinary shares submitted for redemption will be returned to the holders thereof, and we instead may search for an alternate business combination.

In order to effectuate an initial business combination, special purpose acquisition companies have, in the recent past, amended various provisions of their charters and other governing instruments, including their warrant agreements. We cannot assure you that we will not seek to amend our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association or governing instruments in a manner that will make it easier for us to complete our initial business combination that our shareholders may not support.

In order to effectuate a business combination, special purpose acquisition companies have, in the recent past, amended various provisions of their charters and governing instruments, including their warrant agreements. For example, special purpose acquisition companies have amended the definition of business combination, increased redemption thresholds and extended the time to consummate an initial business combination and, with respect to their warrants, amended their warrant agreements to require the warrants to be exchanged for cash and/or other securities. Amending our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association will require a special resolution under Cayman Islands law, which requires the affirmative vote of a majority of at least two-thirds of the shareholders who attend and vote at a general meeting of the Company, and amending our warrant agreement will require a vote of holders of at least 50% of the public warrants and, solely with respect to any amendment to the terms of the private placement warrants or any provision of the warrant agreement with respect to the private placement warrants, 50% of the then outstanding private placement warrants. In addition, our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association requires us to provide our public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their public shares for cash if we propose an amendment to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (A) to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to allow redemption in connection with our initial business combination or to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete an initial business combination within 24 months of the Public Offering or (B) with respect to any other material provisions relating to shareholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity. We cannot assure you that we will not seek to amend our charter or governing instruments or extend the time to consummate an initial business combination in order to effectuate our initial business combination.

The provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association that relate to our pre-business combination activity (and corresponding provisions of the agreement governing the release of funds from our Trust Account) may be amended with the approval of holders of not less than two-thirds of our ordinary shares who attend and vote at a general meeting of the Company (or 65% of our ordinary shares with respect to amendments to the trust agreement governing the release of funds from our Trust Account), which is a lower amendment threshold than that of some other special purpose acquisition companies. It may be easier for us, therefore, to amend our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association to facilitate the completion of an initial business combination that some of our shareholders may not support.

Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that any of its provisions related to pre-business combination activity (including the requirement to deposit proceeds of the Public Offering and the Private Placement into the Trust Account and not release such amounts except in specified circumstances, and to provide redemption rights to public shareholders as described herein) may be amended if approved by special resolution, under Cayman Islands law which requires the affirmative vote of a majority of at least two-thirds of the shareholders who attend and vote at a general meeting of the Company, and corresponding provisions of the trust agreement governing the release of funds from our Trust Account may be amended if approved by holders of 65% of our ordinary shares. Our initial shareholders, who collectively beneficially own 20% of our ordinary shares following the Public Offering, will participate in any vote to amend our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and/or trust agreement and will have the discretion to vote in any manner they choose. As a result, we may be able to amend the provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association which govern our pre-business combination behavior more easily than some other special purpose acquisition companies, and this may increase our ability to complete a business combination with which you do not agree. Our shareholders may pursue remedies against us for any breach of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.

Our Sponsor, officers, directors and director nominees have agreed, pursuant to a written agreement with us, that they will not propose any amendment to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (A) to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to allow redemption in connection with our initial business combination or to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within 24 months of the Public Offering or (B) with respect to any other material provisions relating to shareholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity, unless we provide our public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their Class A ordinary shares upon approval of any such amendment at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to us to pay our taxes, divided by the number of then outstanding public shares. Our shareholders are not parties to, or third-party beneficiaries of, these agreements and, as a result, will not have the ability to pursue remedies against our Sponsor, officers, directors or director nominees for any breach of these agreements. As a result, in the event of a breach, our shareholders would need to pursue a shareholder derivative action, subject to applicable law.

We may be unable to obtain additional financing to complete our initial business combination or to fund the operations and growth of a target business, which could compel us to restructure or abandon a particular business combination.

We have not selected any specific business combination target but intend to target businesses with enterprise values that are greater than we could acquire with the net proceeds of the Public Offering and the sale of the private placement warrants. As a result, if the cash portion of the purchase price exceeds the amount available from the Trust Account, net of amounts needed to satisfy any redemption by public shareholders, we may be required to seek additional financing to complete such proposed initial business combination. We cannot assure you that such financing will be available on acceptable terms, if at all. To the extent that additional financing proves to be unavailable when needed to complete our initial business combination, we would be compelled to either restructure the transaction or abandon that particular business combination and seek an alternative target business candidate. Further, we may be required to obtain additional financing in connection with the closing of our initial business combination for general corporate purposes, including for maintenance or expansion of operations of the post-transaction businesses, the payment of principal or interest due on indebtedness incurred in completing our initial business combination, or to fund the purchase of other companies. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public shareholders may only receive their pro rata portion of the funds in the Trust Account that are available for distribution to public shareholders, and our warrants will expire worthless. In addition, even if we do not need additional financing to complete our initial business combination, we may require such financing to fund the operations or growth of the target business. The failure to secure additional financing could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, results of operations and cash flows.

We have been and may in the continued developmentfuture become involved in legal and regulatory proceedings and commercial or growthcontractual disputes, which could have a material adverse effect on our profitability and consolidated financial position.
We have been and may in the future be, from time to time, involved in litigation, regulatory proceedings and commercial or contractual disputes and these matters may be significant. These matters may include, without limitation, disputes with our distributors, suppliers and customers, intellectual property claims, stockholder litigation, government investigations, class action lawsuits, personal injury claims, environmental issues, customs and value-added tax disputes and employment and tax issues. In addition, we have in the past and could face in the future a variety of labor and employment claims against us, which could include but is not limited to general discrimination, wage and hour, privacy, ERISA or disability claims. In such matters, government agencies or private parties may seek to recover from us large, indeterminate amounts in penalties or monetary damages (including, in some cases, treble or punitive damages) or seek to limit our operations in some way. These types of lawsuits could require significant management time and attention or could involve substantial legal liability, adverse regulatory outcomes, or substantial expenses to defend. Often these cases raise complex factual and legal issues and create risks and uncertainties.
In addition, on June 10, 2021, we received a letter from the SEC notifying us of an investigation and document subpoena. The subpoena seeks documents regarding projected financial information in CLA’s Form S-4 registration statement filed
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on December 22, 2020. To date, the Company has complied with all SEC requests and produced all requested documents; however, the SEC may request additional documents or information.
On December 1, 2022, December 20, 2022, December 29, 2022, and January 9, 2023, purported stockholders of Velodyne filed the following lawsuits against Velodyne and certain of its directors and officers in the Southern District of New York for violations of Sections 14(a) and 20(a) of the target business. NoneSecurities Exchange Act of our officers, directors or shareholders is required to provide any financing to us1934 and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Rule 14a-9: O’Dell v. Velodyne, et. al., Carlisle v. Velodyne, et. al., Wheeler v. Velodyne et. al., and Cristino v. Velodyne, et. al. The complaints allege that Velodyne’s disclosures in connection with the merger with Ouster were materially incomplete and misleading. The plaintiff in O’Dell v. Velodyne et. al. voluntarily dismissed his complaint on January 17, 2023 and the plaintiff in Carlisle v. Velodyne, et. al. voluntarily dismissed his complaint on February 21, 2023. Velodyne also received eleven demand letters from stockholders making similar allegations regarding Velodyne’s disclosures relating to the Velodyne Merger. The Company does not believe the allegations in the complaints and demand letters are meritorious, and intends to defend against them vigorously.
For descriptions of additional legal proceedings to which we are party, including proceedings assumed in connection with the Velodyne Merger, see Part I, Item 3, “Legal Proceedings” elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We could be forced to expend significant resources in the defense of these lawsuits or afterfuture ones, and we may not prevail. No assurances can be given that any proceedings and claims will not have a material adverse impact on our initialoperating results and consolidated financial position or that our available insurance will mitigate this impact.
We are subject to, and must remain in compliance with, numerous laws and governmental regulations concerning the manufacturing, use, distribution and sale of our products. Some of our customers also require that we comply with their own unique requirements relating to these matters.
We manufacture and sell products that contain components, which may contain materials that are subject to government regulation in both the locations where we manufacture and assemble our products, as well as the locations where we sell our products. Since we operate on a global basis, this is a complex process which requires continual monitoring of regulations and an ongoing compliance process to ensure that we and our suppliers are in compliance with existing regulations in each market where we operate. If there is an unanticipated new regulation that significantly impacts our use and sourcing of various components or requires more expensive components, that regulation could materially adversely affect our business, combination.

Risks Relating to Acquiringresults of operations and Operating a Business in Foreign Countries

financial condition. If we effectare not currently in compliance with existing regulations, or we fail to adhere to new regulations or fail to continually monitor the updates, we may incur costs in remedying our initial business combinationnon-compliance and it may disrupt our operations. In addition, current or proposed regulations may adversely impact the availability of supplies needed to manufacture our products. For example, the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act effectively bans all products from China’s Xinjiang province due to concerns that the goods were produced with a company located outside of the United States,forced labor, which, is having adverse impacts on global supply chains. In such circumstances, we wouldmay also be subject to litigation, lose customers, suffer negative publicity and our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We and our vendors are subject to various environmental laws and regulations that could impose substantial costs upon us and cause delays in expanding production facilities.
Environmental pollution and climate change have been the subject of significant legislative and regulatory efforts on a global basis, and we believe this will continue both in scope and in the number of countries participating. In addition, as climate change issues become more prevalent, foreign, federal, state and local governments and our customers have increased their focus on environmental sustainability, which has resulted in, and may result in new, regulations and customer requirements, which could materially adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. If we are unable to effectively address concerns about environmental impact, our reputation could be negatively impacted, and our business, results of operations or financial condition could suffer. These regulations and requirement apply to our vendors and suppliers, as well. To the extent compliance with, or the effect of, these regulations and requirements on them result in their inability to deliver their products to us on time or at all, this could materially adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Any new or modified environmental regulations or laws may increase the cost of raw materials or components we use in our products. Environmental regulations require us to continually reduce product energy usage, monitor and exclude an expanding list of restricted substances and to participate in required recovery and recycling of our products. Environmental and health and safety laws and regulations can be complex, and we have limited experience complying with them. Capital and operating expenses needed to comply with environmental laws and regulations can be significant, and violations may result in substantial fines and penalties, third-party damages, suspension of production or a cessation of our operations.
If contamination is found at properties we operate or formerly operated, this may result in liability for us under environmental laws and regulations, including the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability
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Act, which can impose liability for the full amount of remediation-related costs without regard to fault. Costs of complying with environmental laws and regulations and any claims concerning noncompliance, or liability with respect to contamination in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or operating results.
Failure to meet evolving environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) expectations or standards or to achieve our ESG goals could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and stock price.
We experience pressure to make commitments or set goals or targets relating to environmental, social and governance (ESG) matters that affect companies in our industry, including the design and implementation of specific risk mitigation strategic initiatives relating to environmental sustainability. If we are not effective in addressing ESG matters affecting our industry, such as greenhouse gas emissions and climate-related risks, renewable energy, water stewardship, waste management, diversity, equality and inclusion, responsible sourcing and supply chain, human rights, and social responsibility, among other issues, or setting and meeting relevant sustainability commitments, goals, or targets, our reputation may suffer. As we continue to develop our voluntary ESG program and disclosures, there can be no assurance that regulators, customers, investors, and employees will determine that these programs and disclosures are sufficiently robust. In addition, there can be no assurance that we will be able to attain any announced goals related to our sustainability program, as statements regarding our sustainability goals reflect our current plans and aspirations and are not guarantees that we will be able to achieve them within the timelines we announce or at all. Changing stakeholder expectations, evolving voluntary and regulatory disclosure standards, and our efforts to manage and report on ESG issues present operational, regulatory, reputational, financial, legal, and other risks, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our business, including on our reputation and stock price.
We are subject to U.S. and foreign anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws. We can face criminal liability and other serious consequences for violations, which can harm our business.
We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S. Travel Act, the Money Laundering Control Act 18 U.S.C. §§ 1956 and 1957, and other anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws in countries in which we conduct activities. Anti-corruption laws are interpreted broadly and prohibit companies and their employees, agents, contractors and other collaborators from authorizing, promising, offering or providing, directly or indirectly, improper payments or anything else of value to recipients in the public or private sector and failing to prevent bribery, and require that we keep accurate books and records and maintain internal accounting controls designed to prevent any such actions. We can be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of our employees, agents, contractors and other collaborators, even if we do not explicitly authorize or have actual knowledge of such activities. Any violations of the laws and regulations described above may result in substantial civil and criminal fines and penalties, imprisonment, the loss of export or import privileges, debarment, tax reassessments, breach of contract and fraud litigation, reputational harm and other consequences.
As we increase our international cross-border business and expand our operations abroad, we may continue to engage with business partners and third-party intermediaries to market our services and to obtain necessary permits, licenses and other regulatory approvals. In addition, we or our third-party intermediaries may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities. We can be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these third-party intermediaries, our employees, representatives, contractors, partners and agents, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. We cannot assure you that all of our employees and agents will not take actions in violation of our policies and applicable law, for which we may be ultimately held responsible. As we increase our international business, our risks under these laws may increase.
Detecting, investigating and resolving actual or alleged violations of anti-corruption laws can require a significant diversion of time, resources and attention from management. In addition, noncompliance with anti-corruption or anti-bribery laws could subject us to whistleblower complaints, investigations, sanctions, settlements, prosecution, enforcement actions, fines, damages, other civil or criminal penalties, injunctions, suspension or debarment from contracting with certain persons, reputational harm, adverse media coverage and other collateral consequences. If any subpoenas are received or investigations are launched, or governmental or other sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal proceeding, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially harmed.
Our business may be adversely affected if it fails to comply with the regulatory requirements under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act or the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”).
As a lidar technology company, we are subject to the Electronic Product Radiation Control Provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. These requirements are enforced by the FDA. Electronic product radiation includes laser technology. Regulations governing these products are intended to protect the public from hazardous or unnecessary exposure. Manufacturers are required to certify in product labeling and in reports to the FDA that their products comply with applicable performance standards as well as maintain manufacturing, testing, and distribution records for their
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products. Failure to comply with these requirements could result in enforcement action by the FDA, which could require us to cease distribution of our products, recall or remediate products already distributed to customers, or subject us to FDA enforcement.
Failures, or perceived failures, to comply with privacy, data protection, and information security requirements in the variety of jurisdictions in which we operate may adversely impact our business, and such legal requirements are evolving, uncertain and may require improvements in, or changes to, our policies and operations.
Our current and potential future operations and sales subject us to laws and regulations addressing privacy and the collection, use, storage, disclosure, transfer and protection of a variety of additional riskstypes of data. For example, the European Commission has adopted the General Data Protection Regulation and California recently enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, both of which provide for potentially material penalties for non-compliance. These regimes, among other things, impose data security requirements, disclosure requirements, and restrictions on data collection, uses, and sharing that may adversely affectimpact our operations and the development of our business. While, generally, we do not have access to, collect, store, process, or share information collected by our customers using our products unless our customers choose to proactively provide such information to us.

If Our products may evolve to address potential customer requirements or to add new features and functionality. Therefore, the full impact of these privacy regimes on our business is rapidly evolving across jurisdictions and remains uncertain at this time.

We and our third party vendors and suppliers have been and may in the future be affected by cyber-attacks and other means of gaining unauthorized access to our products, systems, and data. For instance, cyber criminals or insiders may target us or third parties with which we pursuehave business relationships to obtain data, or in a target company withmanner that disrupts our operations or opportunities outside ofcompromises our products or the United Statessystems into which our products are integrated.
We are assessing the continually evolving privacy and data security regimes and measures we believe are appropriate in response. Since these data security regimes are evolving, uncertain and complex, especially for our initiala global business combination,like ours, we may face additional burdens in connection with investigating, agreeingneed to update or enhance our compliance measures as our products, markets and completing such initial business combination,customer demands further develop, and ifthese updates or enhancements may require implementation costs. In addition, we effect such initial business combination, we wouldmay not be subjectable to a variety of additional risks that may negatively impact our operations.

If we pursue a target a company with operations or opportunities outside of the United States for our initial business combination, we would be subjectmonitor and react to risks associated with cross-border business combinations, including in connection with investigating, agreeing to and completing our initial business combination, conducting due diligenceall developments in a foreign jurisdiction, having such transaction approvedtimely manner. The compliance measures we do adopt may prove ineffective. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with current and future regulatory or customer-driven privacy, data protection, and information security requirements, or to prevent or mitigate security breaches, cyber-attacks, or improper access to, use of, or disclosure of data, or any local governments, regulatorssecurity issues or agenciescyber-attacks affecting us, could result in significant liability, costs (including the costs of mitigation and changesrecovery), and a material loss of revenue resulting from the adverse impact on our reputation and brand, loss of proprietary information and data, disruption to our business and relationships, and diminished ability to retain or attract customers and business partners. Such events may result in the purchase price basedgovernmental enforcement actions and prosecutions, private litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity, and could cause customers and business partners to lose trust in us, which could have an adverse effect on fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.

If we effect our initial business combination with such a company, we would be subjectreputation and business.

Risks Related to any special considerations or risks associated with companies operating in an international setting, including any of the following:

Our Intellectual Property

costs and difficulties inherent in managing cross-border business operations;

rules and regulations regarding currency redemption;

complex corporate withholding taxes on individuals;

laws governing the manner in which future business combinations may be effected;

exchange listing and/or delisting requirements;

tariffs and trade barriers;

regulations related to customs and import/export matters;

local or regional economic policies and market conditions;

unexpected changes in regulatory requirements;

challenges in managing and staffing international operations;

longer payment cycles;

tax issues, such as tax law changes and variations in tax laws as compared to the United States;

currency fluctuations and exchange controls;

rates of inflation;

challenges in collecting accounts receivable;

cultural and language differences;

employment regulations;

underdeveloped or unpredictable legal or regulatory systems;

corruption;

protection of intellectual property;

social unrest, crime, strikes, riots and civil disturbances;

regime changes and political upheaval;

terrorist attacks and wars; and

deterioration of political relations with the United States.

We may not be able to adequately address these additional risks. Ifprotect or enforce our intellectual property rights or prevent competitors or other unauthorized parties from copying or reverse engineering our technology.

Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain patents and other intellectual property rights covering our technology and products, and to maintain adequate legal protection for our technology and products in the United States and worldwide. We rely on patent, trademark, copyright, and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual restrictions, to establish and protect our proprietary rights, all of which provide only limited protections.
We can make no assurances whether any of our pending patent applications will mature into issued patents, or that any of our pending trademark applications will be registered, in a manner that gives us any or adequate defensive protection or competitive advantages. We also do not know whether any patents issued to us or any trademarks registered by us will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. Our portfolio of currently-issued patents and registered trademarks, and any patents that may be issued, any copyrights and trademarks that may be registered in the future, may not provide sufficiently broad protections to us, or may not prove to be enforceable in actions against alleged infringers. We cannot be certain that the actions we were unablehave undertaken to do so,protect our technology and products will prevent unauthorized use of our technology or the reverse engineering of our products. Moreover, others may independently develop technologies and products that compete with ours, or infringe our intellectual property.
We have filed for patents and trademarks in the United States and in certain international jurisdictions, but such protections may not be available, and we may not have applied for protections in all countries in which we operate or sell our products. Though we may have obtained intellectual property and related proprietary rights in various jurisdictions, it may prove difficult to enforce our intellectual property rights in practice. Discovering and protecting against unauthorized use of our
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intellectual property, products and other proprietary rights is expensive and difficult, particularly internationally. We believe that our patents are foundational in the area of lidar products, and intend to enforce our intellectual property rights. Competitors and other unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or reverse engineer our lidar technology and other aspects of our solutions that we consider proprietary. Litigation may be unablenecessary in the future to complete such initial business combination,enforce or if we complete such initial business combination,defend our operations might suffer, eitherintellectual property rights, to prevent unauthorized parties from copying or reverse engineering our products, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others or to block the importation of infringing products into the United States or other markets. Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property rights could result in our competitors offering infringing products, potentially resulting in the loss of some of our competitive advantage, market share and a decrease in our revenue, which maywould adversely impactaffect our business, operating results, financial condition and results of operations.

After our initial business combination, substantially all of our assets may be located in a foreign countryprospects.

Claims that we are infringing third-party intellectual property, whether successful or not, could subject us to costly and substantially all of our revenue will be derived from our operations in such country. Accordingly, our results of operationstime-consuming litigation or expensive licenses, and prospects will be subject, to a significant extent, to the economic, political and legal policies, developments and conditions in the country in which we operate.

The economic, political and social conditions, as well as government policies, of the country in which our operations are located couldadversely affect our business. Economic growth could be uneven, both geographically

Any intellectual property and among various sectors of the economy and such growth may not be sustained in the future. Ifrelated contractual litigation, if it is initiated in the future such country’s economy experiencesby us or a downturn or grows at a slower rate than expected, there may be less demand for spendingthird party, would result in certain industries. A decrease in demand for spending in certain industriessubstantial costs and diversion of management resources, either of which could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. Such claims may also divert management resources and attention away from other business efforts and force us to acquire intellectual property rights and licenses, which may involve substantial royalty or other payments that may not be acceptable to us. Further, a party making such a claim against us, if successful, could secure a judgment that requires us to pay substantial damages or such a party could obtain an injunction. An adverse determination also could invalidate our intellectual property rights and adversely affect our ability to find an attractive target business withoffer our products to our customers and may require that we procure or develop substitute products that do not infringe, which to consummate our initial business combinationcould require significant effort and expense. Even if we obtain favorable outcomes in any such litigation, we may not be able to obtain adequate remedies, or may have incurred costs that threaten our financial stability. Assertions of our attempts to enforce our rights against third parties could also lead these third parties to assert their own intellectual property or other rights against us or seek invalidation or a narrowed scope of our rights, in whole or in part. Any of these events could adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.
Lidar is a heavily populated intellectual property field, in which many companies, both within and outside of the lidar industry, hold patents covering lidar products and other adjacent technologies. In addition to patents, companies in the lidar industry typically rely on copyrights and trade secrets to protect their technology. As a result, there has been frequent litigation in the lidar industry based on allegations of patent infringement, misappropriation or other violations of intellectual property rights. We have, and in the future may, receive inquiries from other intellectual property holders and we may become subject to claims that we infringe others’ intellectual property rights, particularly as our market presence increases, as our products expand to new use cases and geographies, and as we face increasing competition. In addition, parties may claim that our name and the branding of our products infringe their trademark rights in certain countries or territories. If such a claim were to prevail, we may have to change the names of and branding of our products in the affected territories which would be costly and could cause market confusion.
We currently have various agreements in effect pursuant to which we have agreed to defend, indemnify and hold harmless our initialcustomers, suppliers, and other partners from damages and costs which may arise from the infringement by our products of third-party patents or other intellectual property rights. The scope of these indemnity obligations vary, but may, in some instances, include indemnification for damages and expenses, including attorneys’ fees. Our insurance does not typically cover intellectual property infringement claims. A claim that our products infringe a third party’s intellectual property rights, even if untrue, could adversely affect our relationships with our customers and deter future customers from purchasing our products. Our defense of intellectual property rights claims brought against us, or our customers, suppliers or partners, with or without merit, could be time-consuming and expensive to litigate or settle.
Even if we are not a party to any litigation between a customer and a third party relating to infringement of its products, an adverse outcome in any such litigation could make it more difficult for us to defend our products against intellectual property infringement claims in any subsequent litigation matter in which we are a named party. Any of these results could adversely affect our brand and operating results.
Any intellectual property and related contractual litigation, if it is initiated in the future by us or a third party, would result in substantial costs and diversion of management resources, either of which could adversely affect our business, combination, the ability ofoperating results and financial condition. Such claims may also divert management resources and attention away from other business efforts and force us to acquire intellectual property rights and licenses, which may involve substantial royalty or other payments that target businessmay not be acceptable to become profitable.

Exchange rate fluctuationsus. Further, a party making such a claim against us, if successful, could secure a judgment that requires us to pay substantial damages or such a party could obtain an injunction. An adverse determination also could invalidate our intellectual property rights and currency policies may cause a target business’adversely affect our ability to succeedoffer our products to our customers and may require that we procure or develop substitute products that do not infringe, which could require significant effort and expense. Even if we obtain favorable outcomes in any such litigation, we may not be able to obtain adequate remedies,

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or may have incurred costs that threaten our financial stability. Assertions of our rights against third parties could also lead third parties to assert their own intellectual property or other rights against us or seek invalidation or a narrowed scope of our rights, in whole or in part. Any of these events could adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.
Our intellectual property applications may not issue or be registered, which may have a material adverse effect on our ability to prevent others from commercially exploiting products similar to ours.
We cannot be certain that we are the first inventor of the subject matter to which we have filed any particular patent application, or if we are the first party to file such a patent application. If another party has filed a patent application to, or otherwise publicly disclosed, subject matter that we are seeking to protect in a given patent application, we may not be entitled to the protection sought by the patent application. We also cannot be certain whether the claims included in a patent application will ultimately be granted as an issued patent since the patent office of the jurisdiction in which a patent application is filed may rule that the subject matter we are seeking to patent is not novel or is obvious or otherwise non-inventive or rule that the patent application and/or claims of the patent application do not comply with one or more other requirements of the patent laws of the jurisdiction. Further, the scope of protection of issued patent claims is often difficult to determine. As a result, we cannot be certain that our issued patents will afford protection against competitors with similar technology. In addition, our competitors may design around our issued patents, which may adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
In addition to patented technology, we rely on our unpatented proprietary technology, copyrights, trade secrets, proprietary processes and know-how.
We rely on proprietary information (including, for example, trade secrets, know-how and confidential information) to protect intellectual property that may not be patentable or subject to copyright or trademark protection, or that we believe is best protected by means that do not require public disclosure. We may seek to protect this proprietary information by entering into confidentiality agreements, or consulting, services or employment agreements that contain non-disclosure and non-use provisions with our employees, consultants, contractors and third parties. We may fail, however, to enter into the necessary agreements, and even if properly executed and entered into, these agreements may be breached or may otherwise fail to prevent disclosure, third-party infringement or misappropriation of our proprietary information, may be limited as to their term and may not provide an adequate remedy in the internationalevent of unauthorized disclosure or use of proprietary information. Additionally, we have limited control over the protection of trade secrets used by our current or future manufacturing partners and suppliers and could lose future trade secret protection if any unauthorized disclosure of such information occurs. In addition, our proprietary information may otherwise become known or be independently developed by our competitors or other third parties. To the extent that our employees, consultants, contractors, advisors and other third parties use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related or resulting know-how and inventions. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain protection for our proprietary information could adversely affect our competitive business position. Furthermore, laws regarding trade secret rights in certain markets where we operate may afford little or no protection to our trade secrets.
We also rely on security measures, both physical and electronic, to protect our proprietary information, but we cannot provide assurance that these security measures will not be breached or provide adequate protection for our property. There is a risk that third parties may obtain and improperly utilize our proprietary information to our competitive disadvantage. Also, we may not be able to detect or prevent the unauthorized use of such information or take appropriate and timely steps to enforce our intellectual property rights.
We may be subject to damages resulting from claims that we or our employees have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of our employees’ former employers.
We may be subject to claims that we or our employees have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed trade secrets or other proprietary information of one or more of an employee’s former employers. Litigation may be necessary to defend us against these claims. If we fail in defending such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. A loss of key personnel or their work product could hamper or prevent our ability to commercialize our products, which could severely harm our business. Even if we are successful in defending against any such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and demand on management resources.
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Risks Related to Being a Public Company
Certain of our warrants are accounted for as liabilities and the changes in value of such warrants could have a material effect on our financial results.
We have determined to classify the private placement warrants assumed from CLA as derivative liabilities measured at fair value, with changes in fair value each period reported in earnings. Due to the recurring fair value measurement, we recognize non-cash gains or losses on the private placement warrants each reporting period and the amount of such gains or losses has been material and could continue to be material in the future. Our accounting treatment of the private placement warrants and public warrants is based on its current interpretation of the SEC Statement and other guidance and may change in light of any further interpretive guidance, as may be applicable.
We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and may identify additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, which may result in material misstatements of our consolidated financial statements, or cause us to fail to meet our periodic reporting obligations, or cause our access to the capital markets to be diminished.

Inimpaired.

We identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
We did not design and maintain an effective control environment commensurate with our financial reporting requirements. Specifically, we did not maintain a sufficient complement of personnel with an appropriate degree of internal controls and accounting knowledge, experience, and training commensurate with our accounting and reporting requirements. This material weakness contributed to the eventfollowing additional material weaknesses:
We did not design and maintain effective controls over the period-end financial reporting process to achieve complete, accurate and timely financial accounting, reporting and disclosures, including segregation of duties and adequate controls related to journal entries and certain other business processes, and verifying transactions are properly classified in the financial statements. This material weakness resulted in adjustments to several account balances and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and adjustments to the equity and warrant liabilities accounts and related disclosures in the condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
We did not design and maintain effective controls over certain information technology (“IT”) general controls for information systems that are relevant to the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Specifically, we acquire a non-U.S. target, all revenuesdid not design and income would likely be receivedmaintain (i) program change management controls to ensure that information technology program and data changes affecting financial IT applications and underlying accounting records are identified, tested, authorized and implemented appropriately and (ii) user access controls to ensure appropriate segregation of duties and that adequately restrict user and privileged access to our financial applications, programs and data to appropriate personnel. This material weakness did not result in a foreign currency,material misstatement to the consolidated financial statements, however, the deficiencies, when aggregated, could impact maintaining effective segregation of duties, as well as the effectiveness of IT-dependent controls (such as automated controls that address the risk of material misstatement to one or more assertions, along with the IT controls and underlying data that support the effectiveness of system-generated data and reports) that could result in misstatements potentially impacting all financial statement accounts and disclosures that would not be prevented or detected.
Additionally, each of these material weaknesses could result in a misstatement of account balances or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.
We have taken several measures to design and implement control to improve our internal controls over financial reporting and continue to make progress towards establishing an effective Internal controls framework to remediate the foregoing material weaknesses. Our efforts included the following:
Recruiting additional personnel with appropriate internal controls, accounting knowledge and experience commensurate with our accounting and reporting requirements, in addition to engaging and utilizing third party consultants and specialists.
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Enhancing entity level controls (ELCs) including increasing Board and Audit Committee oversight, expanding senior management review of financial and business performance, creating an internal audit function and charter, and providing code of conduct and compliance training to company employees.
Strengthening IT governance and designing IT general controls including restricted user access to our internal systems for financial reporting, and IT change management
Designing and implementing additional controls for financial close and reporting including review of accounting policies, Journal entry review controls, Review of significant or non-routine transactions, period end close procedures, financial statement preparation, review, and reporting, and controls within various business processes as they relate to financial reporting. This included design and implementation of controls around classification of balances in our financial statements and strengthening processes for management oversight over financial reporting and disclosure controls.
Conducting Internal control training for personnel responsible for implementing internal controls for the Company.
While we continue to undertake efforts to remediate these material weaknesses, the material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time, and we have concluded, through testing, that the newly implemented and enhanced controls are operating effectively. At this time, we cannot predict the success of such efforts or the outcome of our assessment of the remediation efforts. We can give no assurance that our efforts will remediate these material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, or that additional material weaknesses will not be identified in the future. Our failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in errors in our consolidated financial statements that could result in a restatement of our financial statements, and could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, any of which could diminish investor confidence in us and cause a decline in the price of our common stock. Additionally, ineffective internal control could expose us to an increased risk of financial reporting fraud and the dollar equivalentmisappropriation of our net assets and distributions, if any, could be adversely affected by reductions insubject us to potential delisting from the valuestock exchange on which we list or to other regulatory investigations and civil or criminal sanctions.
As a public company, we are required pursuant to Section 404(a) of the local currency. The value of the currencies in our target regions fluctuate and are affectedSarbanes-Oxley Act to furnish a report by management on, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions. Any change in the relative valueeffectiveness of such currency against our internal control over financial reporting currency may affectfor each future annual report on Form 10-K to be filed with the attractivenessSEC. This assessment includes disclosure of any target business or, following consummation ofmaterial weaknesses identified by our initial business combination, ourmanagement in internal control over financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, if a currency appreciates in value againstreporting. In the dollar prior to the consummation of our initial business combination, the cost of a target business as measured in dollars will increase, which may make it less likely that we are able to consummate such transaction.

Risks Relating to our Management Team

We may not have sufficient funds to satisfy indemnification claims of our directors and officers.

We have agreed to indemnify our officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by law. However, our officers and directors have agreed to waive any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies in the Trust Account and to not seek recourse against the Trust Account for any reason whatsoever. Accordingly, any indemnification provided will be able to be satisfied by us only if (i) we have sufficient funds outside of the Trust Account or (ii) we consummate an initial business combination. Our obligation to indemnify our officers and directors may discourage shareholders from bringing a lawsuit against our officers or directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against our officers and directors, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our shareholders. Furthermore, a shareholder’s investment may be adversely affectedfuture, to the extent we paywe’re considered an accelerated or large accelerated filer, our independent registered public accounting firm will also be required to attest to the costseffectiveness of settlement and damage awards against our officers and directorsinternal control over financial reporting in each annual report on Form 10-K to be filed with the SEC pursuant to these indemnification provisions.

Past performanceSection 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We are also required to disclose material changes made in our internal control over financial reporting on a quarterly basis. Failure to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could potentially subject us to sanctions or investigations by the SEC, the stock exchange on which our securities are listed or other regulatory authorities, which would require additional financial and management teamresources. Compliance with Section 404 requires that we incur substantial costs and their affiliates, including investments and transactions in which they have participated and businesses with which they have been associated, may notexpend significant management efforts.

There can be indicative of future performance of an investment in the Company.

Information regarding our management team and their affiliates, including investments and transactions in which they have participated and businesses with which they have been associated, is presented for informational purposes only. Any past experience and performance by our management team and their affiliates and the businesses with which they have been associated, is not a guaranteeno assurance that we will be able to successfully identifycomply with the continued listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”).

If we fail to satisfy the continued listing requirements of NYSE, such as the corporate governance requirements or the minimum share price requirement, NYSE may take steps to delist our securities. Such a suitable candidate for our initial business combination, that we will be able to provide positive returns to our shareholders, or of any results with respect to any initial business combination we may consummate. You should not relydelisting would likely have a negative effect on the historical experiencesprice of the securities and would impair stockholders’ ability to trade in the Company’s securities. In the event of a delisting, we can provide no assurance that any action taken by us to restore compliance with listing requirements would allow our securities to become listed again, stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our management teamsecurities, prevent our securities from dropping below the NYSE minimum share price requirement or prevent future non-compliance with NYSE’s listing requirements. Additionally, if our securities are not listed on, or become delisted from the NYSE, for any reason, and their affiliates, including investmentsare quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board, an inter-dealer automated quotation system for equity securities that is not a national securities exchange, the liquidity and transactions in which they have participated and businesses with which they have been associated, as indicative of the future performance of an investment in us or as indicative of every prior investment by each of the members of our management team or their affiliates. The market price of our securities may be influencedmore limited than if we were quoted or listed on the NYSE or another national securities exchange. If our securities become illiquid, stockholders may be unable to trade their securities unless a market can be established or sustained, and similarly if investors are precluded from trading their securities, it could have adverse consequences on our ability to raise more capital.
By resolution approved by numerous factors, manyour stockholders at the special meeting of stockholders held on January 26, 2023, our Board of Directors has the authority, in its sole discretion, to effect a reverse stock split of our common stock at a non-decimal ratio between one-for-five and one-for-ten as selected by the Board of Directors.The Board of Directors may decide, in its sole discretion, whether to effect such a reverse stock split without further approval or action by stockholders. Further, there can be no assurance that after a reverse stock split, we would continue to meet the minimum listing requirements of NYSE.
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General Risk Factors
Our business, results of operations and financial condition have been and could continue to be adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Other pandemics or public health crises may have similar impacts in the future.
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, with pockets of resurgence and the emergence of variant strains contributing to continued uncertainty about its scope, duration, severity, trajectory, and lasting impact. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and our financial condition have included and may in the future include, among others: the reduced pace of manufacturing ramp up due to employees’ inability to travel to our manufacturing facility in Thailand; disruptions to the operations of certain of our suppliers; supply chain disruptions; and increased compensation related costs resulting from overtime pay and additional personnel in San Francisco to create separate manufacturing teams that rotate every other week in our facility to avoid any possible transmission of COVID-19 between teams. The duration of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the associated business interruptions may affect our sales, supply chain or the manufacture and/or distribution of products, which could result in a material adverse effect on our financial condition. The COVID-19 pandemic may also intensify or exacerbate other risks described in this section. Other pandemics or public health crises may have similar impacts in the future.
Our facilities in California are located near an earthquake fault and an earthquake or other natural disaster or resource shortage could disrupt our operations.
Important documents and records for our products and manufacturing operations are located in our various facilities in San Francisco, California near active earthquake zones. In the event of a natural disaster such as an earthquake, drought, flood or fire or localized extended outages of critical utilities or transportation we do not have a formal business continuity or disaster recovery plan, and therefore could experience a significant business interruption. In addition, California has from time to time experienced shortages of water, natural gas, and electric power. Future shortages and conservation measures could impact our operations and result in increased expense. In addition, we rely on information technology systems to communicate among our workforce and with third parties. Any disruption to our communications, whether caused by a natural disaster or by man-made problems, such as power disruptions, could adversely affect our business. To the extent that any such disruptions result in delays or cancellations of orders or impede our suppliers’ ability to timely deliver product components, our business, operating results and financial condition would be adversely affected.
We are subject to cybersecurity risks to operational systems, security systems, infrastructure, firmware in our lidar and customer data processed by us or third-party vendors or suppliers and any material failure, weakness, interruption, cyber event, incident or breach of security could prevent us from effectively operating our business.
We and our third-party vendors and suppliers have experienced and expect to continue to experience actual and attempted cyber-attacks of our IT networks, such as through security incidents, attacks by hackers, acts of vandalism, malware, social engineering, denial or degradation of service attacks, computer viruses, software bugs or vulnerabilities, supply chain attacks, phishing attacks, ransomware attacks, misplaced or lost data, human errors, malicious insiders or other similar events. Although none of these actual or attempted cyber-attacks has had a material adverse impact on our operations or financial condition, we cannot guarantee that any such incidents will not have such an impact in the future. For example, we are at risk for interruptions, outages and breaches of: operational systems, including business, financial, accounting, product development, data processing or production processes, owned by us or our third-party vendors or suppliers; facility security systems, owned by us or our third-party vendors or suppliers; in-product technology owned by us or our third-party vendors or suppliers; the integrated software in our lidar solutions; or customer or driver data that we process or our third-party vendors or suppliers process on our behalf. Such cyber incidents could materially disrupt operational systems; result in loss of intellectual property, trade secrets or other proprietary or competitively sensitive information; compromise certain information of customers, employees, suppliers, drivers or others; jeopardize the security of our facilities; or affect the performance of in-product technology and the integrated software in our lidar solutions. A cyber incident could be caused by disasters, insiders (through inadvertence or with malicious intent) or malicious third parties (including nation-states or nation-state supported actors) using sophisticated, targeted methods to circumvent firewalls, encryption and other security defenses, including hacking, fraud, trickery or other forms of deception. The techniques used by cyber attackers change frequently and may be difficult to detect for long periods of time. Although we maintain information technology measures designed to protect us against intellectual property theft, data breaches and other cyber incidents, such measures will require updates and improvements, and we cannot guarantee that such measures will be adequate to detect, prevent or mitigate cyber incidents. The implementation, maintenance, segregation and improvement of these systems requires significant management time, support and cost. Moreover, there are inherent risks associated with developing, improving, expanding and updating current systems, including the disruption of our data management, procurement, production execution, finance, supply chain and sales and service processes. These risks may affect our ability to manage our data and inventory, procure parts or supplies or produce, sell, deliver and service our solutions, adequately protect our intellectual property or achieve and maintain compliance with, or realize available benefits under, applicable laws, regulations and
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contracts. We cannot be sure that the systems upon which we rely, including those of our third-party vendors or suppliers, will be effectively implemented, maintained or expanded as planned. If we do not successfully implement, maintain or expand these systems as planned, our operations may be disrupted, our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results could be impaired, and deficiencies may arise in our internal control over financial reporting, which may impact our ability to certify our financial results. Moreover, our proprietary information or intellectual property could be compromised or misappropriated and our reputation may be adversely affected. If these systems do not operate as we expect them to, we may be required to expend significant resources to make corrections or find alternative sources for performing these functions.
A significant cyber incident could impact production capability, harm our reputation, cause us to breach our contracts with other parties or subject us to regulatory actions or litigation, any of which could materially affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. In addition, our insurance coverage for cyber-attacks may not be sufficient to cover all the losses we may experience as a result of a cyber incident. Any problems with our third-party cloud hosting providers, whether due to cyber security failures or other causes, could result in lengthy interruptions in our business.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock and Our Warrants
Amazon owns a warrant to purchase a significant portion of our outstanding common stock, and it may in the future be able to influence the Company’s corporate decisions.
Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Amazon.com, Inc. (“Amazon”), holds a warrant (“Amazon Warrant”) to acquire, following customary antidilution adjustments, up to an aggregate of 32,638,980 (18,486,938 of which are beyondcurrently vested) shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $5.07 per share, representing 8.4% of our outstanding common stock as of March 23, 2023. We assumed the Amazon Warrant as part of the Velodyne Merger. The exercise price and the warrant shares issuable upon exercise of the Amazon Warrant are subject to further antidilution adjustments, including in the event we make certain sales of common stock (or securities exercisable or convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our common stock) at a price less than the exercise price of the Amazon Warrant. If Amazon were to exercise the Amazon Warrant to purchase significant amounts of our common stock, it may be able to exert significant control over us. It also may have interests that differ from other stockholders and our shareholders may experience losses on their investmentvote or otherwise act in our securities.

We may seek business combination opportunities in industriesways with which we or sectorsother stockholders disagree or that may be outsideadverse to the interests of our management’s areas of expertise.

We will consider a business combination outsidestockholders.

The price of our management’s areascommon stock and warrants may be volatile.
The price of expertiseour common stock, as well as our warrants, may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, including:
changes in the industries in which we and our customers operate;
developments involving our competitors;
changes in laws and regulations affecting our business;
variations in our operating performance and the performance of our competitors in general;
actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly or annual operating results;
publication of research reports by securities analysts about us or our competitors or our industry;
the public’s reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements and our filings with the SEC;
actions by stockholders, including the sale by significant stockholders of any of their shares of our common stock;
additions and departures of key personnel;
commencement of, or involvement in, litigation involving our Company;
changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of additional debt;
the volume of shares of our common stock available for public sale; and
general economic and political conditions, such as the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak, recessions, interest rates, local and national elections, fuel prices, international currency fluctuations, corruption, political instability and acts of war or terrorism.
These market and industry factors may materially reduce the market price of our common stock and warrants regardless of our operating performance.


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We do not intend to pay cash dividends for the foreseeable future.
We currently intend to retain our future earnings, if aany, to finance the further development and expansion of our business combination candidate is presentedand do not intend to uspay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and we determine thatwill depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, restrictions contained in future agreements and financing instruments, business prospects and such candidate offers an attractiveother factors as our board of directors deems relevant.
If analysts do not publish research about our business combination opportunityor if they publish inaccurate or unfavorable research, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our Company. Althoughcommon stock will depend in part on the research and reports that analysts publish about our management will endeavor to evaluate the risks inherent inbusiness. We do not have any particular business combination candidate, we cannot assure you that we will adequately ascertaincontrol over these analysts. If one or assess allmore of the significant risk factors. We also cannot assure you that an investment inanalysts who cover us downgrade our units will not ultimately prove to be less favorable to investorscommon stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price of our common stock would likely decline. If few analysts cover us, demand for our common stock could decrease and our common stock price and trading volume may decline. Similar results may occur if one or more of these analysts stop covering us in the Public Offering than a direct investment, if an opportunity were available,future or fail to publish reports on us regularly.
We may be subject to securities litigation, class action and derivative lawsuits, which could result in asubstantial costs and could divert management attention away from other business combination candidate. In the event we elect to pursue a business combination outside of the areasconcerns.
The market price of our management’s expertise, our management’s expertisecommon stock may not be directly applicable to its evaluation or operation,volatile and, the information contained in this Form 10-K regarding the areas of our management’s expertise would not be relevant to an understanding of the business that we elect to acquire. As a result, our management may not be able to ascertain or assess adequately all of the relevant risk factors. Accordingly, any shareholders who choose to remain shareholders following our initial business combination could suffer a reduction in the valuepast, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their shares. Such shareholdersstock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Additionally, securities class action lawsuits and derivative lawsuits are unlikely tooften brought against public companies that have a remedy for such reductionentered into merger agreements. Even if the lawsuits are without merit, defending against these claims can result in value.

Our officerssubstantial costs and directors will allocate theirdivert management time toand resources from other businesses thereby causing conflicts of interestbusiness concerns, which could seriously harm our business. An adverse judgment could result in their determination as to how much time to devote to our affairs. This conflict of interestmonetary damages, which could have a negative impact on our abilityliquidity and financial condition. For example, on December 1, 2022, December 20, 2022, December 29, 2022, and January 9, 2023, purported stockholders of Velodyne filed the following lawsuits against Velodyne and certain of its directors and officers in the Southern District of New York for violations of Sections 14(a) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Rule 14a-9: O’Dell v. Velodyne, et. al., Carlisle v. Velodyne, et. al., Wheeler v. Velodyne et. al., and Cristino v. Velodyne, et. al. The complaints allege that Velodyne’s disclosures in connection with the merger with Ouster were materially incomplete and misleading. The plaintiff in O’Dell v. Velodyne et. al. voluntarily dismissed his complaint on January 17, 2023 and the plaintiff in Carlisle v. Velodyne, et. al. voluntarily dismissed his complaint on February 21, 2023. Velodyne also received eleven demand letters from stockholders making similar allegations regarding Velodyne’s disclosures relating to complete our initial business combination.

Our officersthe Velodyne Merger. The Company does not believe the allegations in the complaints and directorsdemand letters are not requiredmeritorious, and intends to and will not, commit their full time to our affairs, which maydefend against them vigorously.

Securities litigation against us could result in a conflict of interest in allocating their time betweensubstantial costs and divert management’s attention from other business concerns, which could seriously harm our operationsbusiness.
Delaware law and our searchCertificate of Incorporation and Bylawscontain certain provisions, including anti-takeover provisions that limit the ability of stockholders to take certain actions and could delay or discourage takeover attempts that stockholders may consider favorable.
Our Certification of Incorporation and Bylaws and the Delaware General Corporations Law (“DGCL”) contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying, or preventing an acquisition that stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for a business combination and their other businesses. We do not intendshares. These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to have any full-time employees prior to the completion of our initial business combination. Each of our officers is engaged in other business endeavors for which he may be entitled to substantial compensation, and our officers are not obligated to contribute any specific number of hours per week to our affairs. Our independent directors also serve as officers and board members for other entities. If our officers’ and directors’ other business affairs require them to devote substantial amounts of time to such affairs in excess of their current commitment levels, it could limit their ability to devote time to our affairs which may have a negative impact on our ability to complete our initial business combination.

Our officers and directors presently have, and any of thempay in the future may have additional, fiduciaryfor shares of our common stock, and therefore depress the trading price of our common stock. These provisions could also make it difficult for stockholders to take certain actions, including electing directors who are not nominated by the current members of our board of directors or contractual obligationstaking other corporate actions, including effecting changes in our management. Among other things, the Certification of Incorporation and Bylaws include provisions regarding:

providing for a classified board of directors with staggered, three-year terms;
the ability of our board of directors to issue shares of preferred stock, including “blank check” preferred stock and to determine the price and other entitiesterms of those shares, including preferences and accordingly, may have conflictsvoting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented.

Until we consummate our initial business combination, we intend to engagehostile acquirer;

the Certificate of Incorporation prohibits cumulative voting in the businesselection of identifying and combining with one or more businesses. Eachdirectors, which limits the ability of our officers and directors presently has, and any of them in minority stockholders to elect director candidates;
the future may have, additional fiduciary or contractual obligations to other entities pursuant to which such officer or director is or will be required to present a business combination opportunity to such entities. Accordingly, they may have conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented. These conflicts may not be resolved in our favor and a potential target business may be presented to another entity prior to its presentation to us, subject to their fiduciary duties under Cayman Islands law. Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association will provide that we renounce our interest in any corporate opportunity offered to any director or officer unless such opportunity is expressly offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officerlimitation of the Companyliability of, and it is an opportunity that we are able to complete on a reasonable basis.

In addition, our Sponsor and our officers and directors may Sponsor or form other special purpose acquisition companies similar to ours or may pursue other business or investment ventures during the period in which we are seeking an initial business combination. Any such companies, businesses or investments may present additional conflicts of interest in pursuing an initial business combination. However, we do not believe that any such potential conflicts would materially affect our ability to complete our initial business combination.

Our officers, directors, security holders and their respective affiliates may have competitive pecuniary interests that conflict with our interests.

We have not adopted a policy that expressly prohibits our directors, officers, security holders or affiliates from having a direct or indirect pecuniary or financial interest in any investment to be acquired or disposed of by us or in any transaction to which we are a party or have an interest. In fact, we may enter into a business combination with a target business that is affiliated with our Sponsor, our directors or officers, although we do not intend to do so. Nor do we have a policy that expressly prohibits any such persons from engaging for their own account in business activities of the types conducted by us. Accordingly, such persons or entities may have a conflict between their interests and ours.

The personal and financial interestsindemnification of, our directors and officersofficers;

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the ability of our board of directors to amend the bylaws, which may influence their motivationallow our board of directors to take additional actions to prevent an unsolicited takeover and inhibit the ability of an acquirer to amend the bylaws to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt; and
advance notice procedures with which stockholders must comply to nominate candidates to our board of directors or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which could preclude stockholders from bringing matters before annual or special meetings of stockholders and delay changes in timely identifyingour board of directors and selectingalso may discourage or deter a target businesspotential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.
These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and completingchanges in control or changes in our board of directors or management.
The provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation requiring exclusive forum in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and the federal district courts of the United States for certain types of lawsuits may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors and officers.
Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, and unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, in the event that the Chancery Court does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware or other state courts of the State of Delaware) will be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action, suit or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action, suit or proceeding asserting a business combination. Consequently, our directors’ and officers’ discretion in identifying and selecting a suitable target business may result in a conflictclaim of interest when determining whether the terms, conditions and timingbreach of a particular business combination are appropriate and infiduciary duty owed by any of our shareholders’ best interest. If this were the case, it would be a breach of their fiduciary dutiesdirectors, officers or stockholders to us as a matter of Cayman Islands law and we or our shareholders might havestockholders, (iii) any action, suit or proceeding arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our Bylaws or Certificate of Incorporation (as each may be amended from time to time), (iv) any action, suit or proceeding as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or (v) any action, suit or proceeding asserting a claim against such individuals for infringing on our shareholders’ rights. However, we might not ultimately be successful inus or any claim we may make against them for such reason.

We may engage in a business combination with onecurrent or more target businesses that have relationships with entities that may be affiliated with our Sponsor, officers, directorsformer director, officer or existing holders which may raise potential conflicts of interest.

In lightstockholder governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

Section 22 of the involvementSecurities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such Securities Act claims. To prevent having to litigate claims in multiple jurisdictions and the threat of our Sponsor, officers and directors withinconsistent or contrary rulings by different courts, among other entities,considerations, the Certificate of Incorporation will also provide that, unless we may decideconsent in writing to acquire one or more businesses affiliated with our Sponsor, officers, directors or existing holders. Our directors also serve as officers and board membersthe selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for other entities. Such entities may compete with us for business combination opportunities. Our Sponsor, officers and directors are not currently awarethe resolution of any specific opportunities for uscomplaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act; however, there is uncertainty as to complete our initial business combinationwhether a court would enforce such provision, and investors cannot waive compliance with any entities with which they are affiliated,federal securities laws and there have been no substantive discussions concerning a business combination with any such entity or entities. Although wethe rules and regulations thereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Certificate of Incorporation provides that the exclusive forum provision will not be specifically focusing on,apply to suits brought to enforce any cause of action arising under the Securities Act, any duty or targeting,liability created by the Exchange Act or any transaction with any affiliated entities, we would pursue such a transaction if we determined that such affiliated entity met our criteriaother claim for a business combination and such transaction was approved by a majority of our independent and disinterested directors. Despite our agreement to obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm which is a member of FINRA or a valuation or appraisal firm regarding the fairness to our Company from a financial point of view of a business combination with one or more domestic or international businesses affiliated with our Sponsor, officers, directors or existing holders, potential conflicts of interest still may exist and, as a result, the termsfederal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Section 27 of the business combinationExchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.
These provisions may not be as advantageous tohave the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our public shareholders as they would be absent any conflictsdirectors and officers. The enforceability of interest.

Since our Sponsor, officerssimilar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation has been challenged in legal proceedings, and directors will lose their entire investment in us if our initial business combinationit is not completed (other than with respect to public shares they may acquire after the Public Offering), a conflict of interest may arise in determining whether a particular business combination target is appropriate for our initial business combination.

On June 30, 2020, our Sponsor paid $25,000, or approximately $0.004 per share, to cover certain of our offering costs in exchange for 5,750,000 Founder Shares. The Sponsor surrendered 750,000 Founder Shares to the Company for no considerationpossible that, in connection with any applicable action brought against us, a court could find the underwriters’ election to not exercise the over-allotment option relating to the Public Offering at the endchoice of the 45-day option period on October 5, 2020. Prior to the initial investmentforum provisions contained in the CompanyCertificate of $25,000 by the Sponsor, the Company had no assets, tangibleIncorporation to be inapplicable or intangible. The purchase price of the Founder Shares was determined by dividing the amount of cash contributed to the Company by the number of Founder Shares issued. The number of Founder Shares outstanding was determined based on the expectation that the total size of the Public Offering would be a maximum of 23,000,000 units if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercisedunenforceable in full, and therefore that such Founder Shares would represent 20% of the outstanding shares after the Public Offering. The Founder Shares will be worthless if we do not complete an initial business combination. In addition, our Sponsor has purchased an aggregate of 6,000,000 private placement warrants for an aggregate purchase price of $6,000,000, or $1.00 per warrant. The private placement warrants will also be worthless if we do not complete our initial business combination. The personal and financial interestsaction.

Holders of our officers and directors may influence their motivation in identifying and selecting a target business combination, completing an initial business combination and influencing the operation of the business following the initial business combination. This risk may become more acute as the 24-month anniversary of the Public Offering nears, which is the deadline for our completion of an initial business combination.

If our management following our initial business combination is unfamiliar with United States securities laws, they may have to expend time and resources becoming familiar with such laws, which could lead to various regulatory issues.

Following our initial business combination, our management may resign from their positions as officers or directors of the Company and the management of the target business at the time of the business combination will remain in place. Management of the target business may not be familiar with United States securities laws. If new management is unfamiliar with United States securities laws, they may have to expend time and resources becoming familiar with such laws. This could be expensive and time-consuming and could lead to various regulatory issues which may adversely affect our operations.

Risks Relating to our Securities

You will not have any rights or interests in funds from the Trust Account, except under certain limited circumstances. Therefore, to liquidate your investment, you may be forced to sell your public shares orpublicly traded warrants potentially at a loss.

Our public shareholders will be entitled to receive funds from the Trust Account only upon the earliest to occur of: (i) our completion of an initial business combination, and then only in connection with those Class A ordinary shares that such shareholder properly elected to redeem, subject to the limitations and on the conditions described herein, (ii) the redemption of any public shares properly submitted in connection with a shareholder vote to amend our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (A) to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to allow redemption in connection with our initial business combination or to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within 24 months of the Public Offering or (B) with respect to any other material provisions relating to shareholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity, and (iii) the redemption of our public shares if we are unable to complete an initial business combination within 24 months of the Public Offering, subject to applicable law and as further described herein. In no other circumstances will a public shareholder have any right or interest of any kind in the Trust Account. Holders of warrants will not have any right to the proceeds held in the Trust Account with respect to the warrants. Accordingly, to liquidate your investment, you may be forced to sell your public shares or warrants, potentially at a loss.

NYSE may delist our securities from trading on its exchange, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.

Our units, Class A ordinary shares and warrants are listed on NYSE. We cannot assure you that our securities will continue to be listed on NYSE in the future or prior to our initial business combination. In order to continue listing our securities on NYSE prior to our initial business combination, we must maintain certain financial, distribution and share price levels. Generally, we must maintain a minimum amount in shareholders’ equity (generally $2,500,000) and a minimum number of holders of our securities (generally 300 public holders). Additionally, in connection with our initial business combination, we will be required to demonstrate compliance with NYSE’s initial listing requirements, which are more rigorous than NYSE’s continued listing requirements, in order to continue to maintain the listing of our securities on NYSE. For instance, our share price would generally be required to be at least $4.00 per share and our shareholders’ equity would generally be required to be at least $5.0 million. We cannot assure you that we will be able to meet those initial listing requirements at that time.

If NYSE delists our securities from trading on its exchange and we are not able to list our securities on another national securities exchange, we expect our securities could be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

a limited availability of market quotations for our securities;

reduced liquidity for our securities;

a determination that our Class A ordinary shares are a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our Class A ordinary shares to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities;

a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and

a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.

The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” Our units, Class A ordinary shares and warrants are listed on NYSE, and, as a result, qualify as covered securities under the statute. Although the states are preempted from regulating the sale of our securities, the federal statute does allow the states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud, and, if there is a finding of fraudulent activity, then the states can regulate or bar the sale of covered securities in a particular case. While we are not aware of a state having used these powers to prohibit or restrict the sale of securities issued by blank check companies, other than the State of Idaho, certain state securities regulators view blank check companies unfavorably and might use these powers, or threaten to use these powers, to hinder the sale of securities of blank check companies in their states. Further, if we were no longer listed on NYSE, our securities would not qualify as covered securities under the statute and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our securities.

You will not be permitted to exercise yourtheir warrants unless we register and qualify the underlying Class A ordinary shareswarrants remain registered or certain exemptions are available.

If the issuance of the Class A ordinary sharescommon stock upon exercise of theour publicly traded warrants is not registered, qualified or exempt from registration or qualification under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws, holders of warrants will not be entitled to exercise such warrants and such warrants may have no value and expire worthless. In such event, holders who acquired their warrants as part of a purchase of units will have paid the full unit purchase price solely for the Class A ordinary sharescommon stock included in the units.

We are not registering

If the Class A ordinary sharescommon stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants under the Securities Act or any state securities laws at this time. However, under the terms of the warrant agreement, we have agreed that, as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 15 business days, after the closing of our initial business combination, we will use our best efforts to file with the SEC a registration statement covering the registration under the Securities Act of the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants and thereafter will use our best efforts to cause the same to become effective within 60 business days following our initial business combination and to maintain a current prospectus relating to the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants until the expiration of the warrants in accordance with the provisions of the warrant agreement. We cannot assure you that we will be able to do so if, for example, any facts or events arise which represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement or prospectus, the financial statements contained or incorporated by reference therein are not current or correct or the SEC issues a stop order.

If the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of thepublicly traded warrants are not registered under the Securities Act, under the terms of the warrant agreement, holders of warrants who seek to exercise their warrants will not be permitted to do so for cash and, instead, will be required to do so on a cashless basis in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act or another exemption.

In no event will warrants be exercisable for cash or on a cashless basis, and we will not be obligated to issue any shares to holders seeking to exercise their warrants, unless the issuance of the shares upon such exercise is registered or qualified

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under the securities laws of the state of the exercising holder, or an exemption from registration or qualification is available.

If our Class A ordinary sharescommon stock are at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that they satisfy the definition of “covered securities” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, we may, at our option, not permit holders of warrants who seek to exercise their warrants to do so for cash and, instead, require them to do so on a cashless basis in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act; in the event we so elect, we will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement or register or qualify the shares underlying the warrants under applicable state securities laws, and in the event we do not so elect, we will use our best efforts to register or qualify the shares underlying the warrants under applicable state securities laws to the extent an exemption is not available.

In no event will we be required to net cash settle any warrant, or issue securities (other than upon a cashless exercise as described above) or other compensation in exchange for the warrants in the event that we are unable to register or qualify the shares underlying the warrants under the Securities Act or applicable state securities laws.

You

Holders of our publicly traded warrants may only be able to exercise your publicsuch warrants on a “cashless basis” under certain circumstances, and if youthey do so, youthey will receive fewer Class A ordinary shares of common stock from such exercise than if youthey were to exercise such warrants for cash.

The warrant agreement providesagreements provide that in the following circumstances holders of warrants who seek to exercise their warrants will not be permitted to do for cash and will, instead, be required to do so on a cashless basis in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act: (i) if the Class A ordinary sharescommon stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants are not registered under the Securities Act in accordance with the terms of the warrant agreement; (ii) if we have so elected and the Class A ordinary sharescommon stock are at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that they satisfy the definition of “covered securities” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act; and (iii) if we have so elected and we call the public warrants for redemption. If you exercise yourholder exercises public warrants on a cashless basis, youthey would pay the warrant exercise price by surrendering the warrants for that number of Class A ordinary sharescommon stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of Class A ordinary sharescommon stock underlying the warrants, multiplied by the excess of the “fair market value” of our Class A ordinary sharescommon stock (as defined in the next sentence) over the exercise price of the warrants by (y) the fair market value. The “fair market value” is the average reported closing price of the Class A ordinary sharescommon stock for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of exercise is received by the warrant agent or on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of warrants, as applicable. As a result, youan impacted warrant holder would receive fewer Class A ordinary shares of common stock from such exercise than if you were to exercise such warrants for cash.

The grant of registration rights to our initial shareholders and holders of our private placement warrants may make it more difficult to complete our initial business combination, and the future exercise of such rights may adversely affect the market price of our Class A ordinary shares.

Pursuant to an agreement to be entered into concurrently with the issuance and sale of the securities in the Public Offering, our initial shareholders, the holders of our private placement warrants, the holders of warrants that may be issued upon conversion of working capital loans and their permitted transferees can demand that we register the Class A ordinary shares into which Founder Shares are convertible, the private placement warrants and the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the private placement warrants, the warrants or the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of warrants that may be issued upon conversion of working capital loans and any other securities of the Company acquired by them prior to the consummation of our initial business combination. We will bear the cost of registering these securities. The registration and availability of such a significant number of securities for trading in the public market may have an adverse effect on the market price of our Class A ordinary shares. In addition, the existence of the registration rights may make our initial business combination more costly or difficult to conclude. This is because the shareholders of the target business may increase the equity stake they seek in the combined entity or ask for more cash consideration to offset the negative impact on the market price of our Class A ordinary shares that is expected when the ordinary shares owned by our initial shareholders, holders of our private placement warrants or holders of our working capital loans or their respective permitted transferees are registered.

We may issue additional Class A ordinary shares or preferred shares to complete our initial business combination or under an employee incentive plan after completion of our initial business combination. We may also issue Class A ordinary shares upon the conversion of the Founder Shares at a ratio greater than one-to-one at the time of our initial business combination as a result of the anti-dilution provisions contained therein. Any such issuances would dilute the interest of our shareholders and likely present other risks.

Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association authorizes the issuance of up to 200,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, 20,000,000 Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, and 1,000,000 preferred shares, par value $0.0001 per share. There are 180,000,000 and 15,000,000 authorized but unissued Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares, respectively, available for issuance, which amount does not take into account shares reserved for issuance upon exercise of outstanding warrants or shares issuable upon conversion of the Class B ordinary shares. The Class B ordinary shares are automatically convertible into Class A ordinary shares concurrently with or immediately following the consummation of our initial business combination, initially at a one-for-one ratio but subject to adjustment as set forth herein and in our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, including in certain circumstances in which we issue Class A ordinary shares or equity-linked securities related to our initial business combination. Immediately after the Public Offering, there will be no preferred shares issued and outstanding.

We may issue a substantial number of additional Class A ordinary shares or preferred shares to complete our initial business combination or under an employee incentive plan after completion of our initial business combination. We may also issue Class A ordinary shares upon conversion of the Class B ordinary shares at a ratio greater than one-to-one at the time of our initial business combination as a result of the anti-dilution provisions as set forth therein. However, our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide, among other things, that prior to our initial business combination, we may not issue additional shares that would entitle the holders thereof to (i) receive funds from the Trust Account or (ii) vote on any initial business combination. These provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, like all provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, may be amended with a shareholder vote. The issuance of additional ordinary or preferred shares:

may significantly dilute the equity interest of investors in the Public Offering;

may subordinate the rights of holders of Class A ordinary shares if preferred shares are issued with rights senior to those afforded our Class A ordinary shares;

could cause a change in control if a substantial number of Class A ordinary shares are issued, which may affect, among other things, our ability to use our net operating loss carry forwards, if any, and could result in the resignation or removal of our present officers and directors; and

may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our units, Class A ordinary shares and/or warrants.

Unlike some other similarly structured special purpose acquisition companies, our initial shareholders will receive additional Class A ordinary shares if we issue certain shares to consummate an initial business combination.

The Founder Shares will automatically convert into Class A ordinary shares concurrently with or immediately following the consummation of our initial business combination on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment for share splits, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like, and subject to further adjustment as provided herein. In the case that additional Class A ordinary shares or equity-linked securities are issued or deemed issued in connection with our initial business combination, the number of Class A ordinary shares issuable upon conversion of all Founder Shares will equal, in the aggregate, 20% of the total number of Class A ordinary shares outstanding after such conversion (after giving effect to any redemptions of Class A ordinary shares by public shareholders), including the total number of Class A ordinary shares issued, or deemed issued or issuable upon conversion or exercise of any equity-linked securities or rights issued or deemed issued, by the Company in connection with or in relation to the consummation of the initial business combination, excluding any Class A ordinary shares or equity-linked securities exercisable for or convertible into Class A ordinary shares issued, or to be issued, to any seller in the initial business combination and any private placement warrants issued to our Sponsor, officers or directors upon conversion of working capital loans; provided that such conversion of Founder Shares will never occur on a less than one-for-one basis.

We may amend the terms of the publicly traded warrants in a manner that may be adverse to holders of public warrants with the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants. As a result, the exercise price of yourthe publicly traded warrants could be increased, the exercise period could be shortened and the number of Class A ordinary sharescommon stock purchasable upon exercise of a warrant could be decreased, all without yourwarrant holder approval.

Our publicly traded warrants were issued in registered formforms under a warrant agreementagreements between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and us.us (or formerly, Velodyne). The warrant agreement providesagreements provide that the terms of the warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder for the purpose of (i) curing any ambiguity or to correct any defective provision or mistake, including to conform thecertain limited administrative provisions, of the warrant agreement to the description of the terms of the warrants and the warrant agreement, (ii) adjusting the provisions relating to cash dividends on ordinary shares as contemplated by and in accordance with the warrant agreement or (iii) adding or changing any provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under the warrant agreement as the parties to the warrant agreement may deem necessary or desirable and that the parties deem to not adversely affect the rights of the registered holders of the warrants, provided that the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then-outstanding public warrants is required to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders of publicpublicly traded warrants. Accordingly, we may amend the terms of the public warrants in a manner adverse to a holder of public warrants if holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants approve of such amendment. Although our ability to amend the terms of the public warrants with the consent of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants is unlimited, examples of such amendments could be amendments to, among other things, increase the exercise price of the warrants, convert the warrants into cash or shares, shorten the exercise period or decrease the number of Class A ordinary sharescommon stock purchasable upon exercise of a warrant.

Our warrant agreement designatesagreements designate the courts of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by holders of our warrants, which could limit the ability of warrant holders to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with our Company.

us.

Our warrant agreement providesagreements for our publicly traded warrants provide that, subject to applicable law, (i) any action, proceeding or claim against us arising out of or relating in any way to the warrant agreement,agreements, including under the Securities Act, will be brought and enforced in the courts of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, and (ii) that we irrevocably submit to such jurisdiction, which jurisdiction shall be the exclusive forum for any such action, proceeding or claim. We will waive any objection to such exclusive jurisdiction and that such courts represent an inconvenient forum.

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Notwithstanding the foregoing, these provisions of the warrant agreementagreements will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal district courts of the United States of America are the sole and exclusive forum. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any of our warrants shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the forum provisions in our warrant agreement. If any action, the subject matter of which is within the scope the forum provisions of the warrant agreement,agreements, is filed in a court other than a court of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (a “foreign action”) in the name of any holder of our warrants, such holder shall be deemed to have consented to: (x) the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located in the State of New York in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce the forum provisions (an “enforcement action”), and (y) having service of process made upon such warrant holder in any such enforcement action by service upon such warrant holder’s counsel in the foreign action as agent for such warrant holder.

This choice-of-forum provision may limit a warrant holder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with our Company,us, which may discourage such lawsuits. Alternatively, if a court were to find this provision ofin our warrant agreementagreements inapplicable or unenforceable with respect to one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and result in a diversion of the time and resources of our management and board of directors.

We may redeem your unexpired publicly traded warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to you,warrant holders, thereby making yoursuch warrants worthless.

We have the ability to redeem the outstanding publicly traded warrants at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration,expiration. For the publicly traded warrants traded under the symbol “OUST.WS”, we may redeem such warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant, provided that the closing price of our Class A ordinary sharescommon stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for share splits, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading-day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which we give proper notice of such redemption to the warrant holders and provided certain other conditions are met. For the publicly traded warrants traded under the symbol “OUST.WTA”, we may redeem such warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant, provided that the closing price of our common stock equals or exceeds $21.94 per share (as adjusted for share splits, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading-day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which we give proper notice of such redemption to the warrant holders and provided certain other conditions are met. If and when the warrants become redeemable by us, we may exercise our redemption right even if we are unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws. Redemption of the outstanding warrants could force you to (i) exercise your warrants and pay the exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous for you to do so, (ii) sell your warrants at the then-current market price when you might otherwise wish to hold your warrants or (iii) accept the nominal redemption price which, at the time the outstanding warrants are called for redemption, is likely to be substantially less than the market value of your warrants. None of the private placement warrants initially issued by CLA will be redeemable by us so long as they are held by theColonnade Sponsor LLC or its permitted transferees.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2. Properties
Our warrants may have an adverse effect on the market pricecorporate headquarters are located in San Francisco, California where we lease properties as follows: (i) 26,125 square feet of office space pursuant to a lease that is scheduled to expire in August 2027 and (ii) 20,032 square feet of office space in a building adjacent to our Class A ordinary shares and make it more difficultcorporate headquarters, which term is scheduled to effectuate our initial business combination.

We issued warrants to purchase 10,000,000 of our Class A ordinary shares as partexpire in August 2027. Other functions of the units soldCompany are also performed in San Francisco, California, such as engineering, manufacturing, research and development and administrative functions. We also assumed leases stemming from the Velodyne Merger: (i) approximately 205,000 square feet of office and manufacturing space in San Jose, California and (ii) additional space pursuant to the assumed leases for offices located in Alameda, California; Riisselsheim, Germany; Beijing, China; and Bengaluru, India.



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Item 3. Legal Proceedings
On June 10, 2021, we received a letter from the SEC notifying us of an investigation and document subpoena. The subpoena sought documents regarding projected financial information in CLA’s Form S-4 registration statement filed on December 22, 2020. To date, the Company has complied with all SEC requests and produced all requested documents; however, the SEC may request additional documents or information.
On June 14, 2022, Velodyne filed a lawsuit against the Company relating to two patents and requested an International Trade Commission proceeding with respect to the same two patents. On July 8, 2022, the Company filed a complaint against Velodyne, alleging multiple claims including intellectual property misappropriation and false advertising. These matters were dismissed during the three months ended December 31, 2022.
Velodyne Legacy Proceedings
Following the Velodyne Merger, the Company is now indirectly a party to certain legal proceedings to which Velodyne had previously been named as a party.
On December 1, 2022, December 20, 2022, December 29, 2022, and January 9, 2023, purported stockholders of Velodyne filed the following lawsuits against Velodyne and certain of its directors and officers in the Public OfferingSouthern District of New York for violations of Sections 14(a) and simultaneously with the Public Offering, we issued in a Private Placement an aggregate of 6,000,000 private placement warrants, at $1.00 per warrant. In addition, if the Sponsor makes any working capital loans, it may convert those loans into up to an additional 1,500,000 private placement warrants, at the price of $1.00 per warrant. To the extent we issue ordinary shares to effectuate a business transaction, the potential for the issuance of a substantial number of additional Class A ordinary shares upon exercise of these warrants could make us a less attractive acquisition vehicle to a target business. Such warrants, when exercised, will increase the number of issued and outstanding Class A ordinary shares and reduce the value of the Class A ordinary shares issued to complete the business transaction. Therefore, our warrants may make it more difficult to effectuate a business transaction or increase the cost of acquiring the target business.

Because each unit contains one-half of one warrant and only a whole warrant may be exercised, the units may be worth less than units of other special purpose acquisition companies.

Each unit contains one-half of one warrant. Pursuant to the warrant agreement, no fractional warrants were issued upon separation of the units, and only whole units can trade. If, upon exercise of the warrants, a holder would be entitled to receive a fractional interest in a share, we will, upon exercise, round down to the nearest whole number the number of Class A ordinary shares to be issued to the warrant holder. This is different from other offerings similar to ours whose units include one ordinary share and one warrant to purchase one whole share. We have established the components of the units in this way in order to reduce the dilutive effect of the warrants upon completion of a business combination since the warrants will be exercisable in the aggregate for one-half of the number of shares compared to units that each contain a whole warrant to purchase one share, thus making us, we believe, a more attractive merger partner for target businesses. Nevertheless, this unit structure may cause our units to be worth less than if it included a warrant to purchase one whole share.

General Risk Factors

We are an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company within the meaning20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and if we take advantageU.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Rule 14a-9: O’Dell v. Velodyne, et. al., Carlisle v. Velodyne, et. al., Wheeler v. Velodyne et. al., and Cristino v. Velodyne, et. al. The complaints allege that Velodyne’s disclosures in connection with the merger with Ouster were materially incomplete and misleading. The plaintiff in O’Dell v. Velodyne et. al. voluntarily dismissed his complaint on January 17, 2023 and the plaintiff in Carlisle v. Velodyne, et. al. voluntarily dismissed his complaint on February 21, 2023. Velodyne also received eleven demand letters from stockholders making similar allegations regarding Velodyne’s disclosures relating to the Velodyne Merger. The Company does not believe the allegations in the complaints and demand letters are meritorious, and intends to defend against them vigorously.

In September 2016, Quanergy Systems, Inc. (“Quanergy”) pre-emptively filed a complaint against Velodyne seeking a declaratory judgment of non-infringement on one of Velodyne's patents. Velodyne filed a counterclaim alleging patent infringement against Quanergy. On February 4, 2022, Velodyne received a ruling in its favor against Quanergy. On November 23, 2022, Quanergy and Velodyne entered into a settlement agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) whereby Quanergy agreed to: (i) pay Velodyne $2.75 million pursuant to a two (2) payment schedule; (ii) assign five patents to Velodyne; and (iii) grant Velodyne a non-exclusive, irrevocable, worldwide, royalty-free license under certain exemptions from disclosure requirements availablelicensed patents. Quanergy satisfied the first payment of $0.5 million due and owing to emerging growth companies or smaller reporting companies, this could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies.

We are an “emerging growth company” withinVelodyne under the meaningSettlement Agreement on December 1, 2022. However, on December 13, 2022, Quanergy filed for protection under Chapter 11 of the Securities Act, as modified byUnited States Bankruptcy Code in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantageUnited States Bankruptcy Court for the District of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor internal controls attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.Delaware. As a result our shareholders may not have accessof the bankruptcy, Quanergy stopped making any further payments under the Settlement Agreement to certain information they may deem important. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if the market value of our Class A ordinary shares held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any June 30 before that time, in which case we would no longer be an emerging growth companyVelodyne and, as of the following December 31. We cannot predict whether investorsdate of the bankruptcy, filing Quanergy owe, and continues to owe, $2.25 million to Velodyne under the Settlement Agreement.

On March 1, 2023, Velodyne filed a proof of claim in the Quanergy bankruptcy case. The proof of claim asserts a claim against Quanergy in the minimum amount of $2.25 million, plus costs, interest and any calculable royalty payments. The proof of claim also reserves all of Velodyne’s rights and claims against Quanergy, including all of Velodyne’s rights as a licensee of certain of Quanergy’s licensed patents. On March 6, 2023 Quanergy rejected the Settlement Agreement with Velodyne pursuant to Section 365 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. While Quanergy rejected the Settlement Agreement, the Order Authorizing the Rejection of Executory Contracts entered by the Delaware Bankruptcy Court reserves all rights, claims, causes of action, or rights of election Velodyne has or holds, as a licensee of Quanergy’s licensed patents pursuant to Sections 365(n)(1)(A)-(B), 365(n)(2)(A)-(B), 365(n)(3)(A)-(B), and 365(n)(4)(A)-(B) of the United States Bankruptcy Code. Velodyne intends to continue to utilize and maintain its license rights to the Quanergy licensed patents.
The allowance and ultimate payment of Velodyne’s proof of claim against Quanergy remains uncertain, as the Quanergy bankruptcy is ongoing and it is not known what assets, if any, Quanergy will find our securities less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our securities less attractivehave to pay allowed claims in the bankruptcy case.
On January 18, 2022, David and Marta Hall filed a lawsuit in the Superior Court of California, County of Alameda, against current and former officers and directors of Velodyne, as well as Jeff Vetter, Velodyne’s outside counsel. The Halls are seeking to recover damages for financial and other injuries they allegedly sustained as a result of our reliance on these exemptions, the trading prices of our securities may be lower than they otherwise would be, there may be a less active trading market for our securitiesmerger between Graf Industrial Corp. (“Graf”) and the trading prices of our securities may be more volatile.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being requiredVelodyne. On May 3, 2022, certain defendants filed motions to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are requiredcompel arbitration and other defendants filed motions to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Additionally, we are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements. We will remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of the fiscal year in which (1) the market value of our ordinary shares held by non-affiliates exceeds $250 million as of the prior June 30, or (2) our annual revenues exceeded $100 million during such completed fiscal year and the market value of our ordinary shares held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th. To the extent we take advantage of such reduced disclosure obligations, it may also make comparison of our financial statements with other public companies difficult or impossible.

Provisions in our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association may inhibit a takeover of us, which could limit the price investors might be willing to pay in the future for our Class A ordinary shares and could entrench management.

Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association contain provisions that may discourage unsolicited takeover proposals that shareholders may consider to be in their best interests. These provisions include a staggered board of directors and the ability of the board of directors to designate the terms of and issue new series of preferred shares, which may make the removal of management more difficult and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our securities.

Because we are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, you may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through the U.S. Federal courts may be limited.

We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effectquash service of process withinfor lack of personal jurisdiction. The court conducted a hearing on the United States upon our directors or officers, or enforce judgments obtainedmotions on July 20, 2022. On August 30, 2022, the court granted the motion to quash service with respect the out of state defendants. On October 3, 2022, the court granted the motion to compel Mr. Hall to arbitrate his claims, and stayed proceedings on Ms. Hall’s claims pending arbitration of Mr. Hall’s claims. On October 20, 2022, David and Marta

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voluntarily dismissed the action without prejudice. On January 3, 2023, the Halls filed an arbitration demand with the same allegations as the prior lawsuit.
On March 3, 2021, a purported shareholder of Velodyne filed a complaint for a putative class action against Velodyne, Anand Gopalan and Andrew Hamer in the United States courts against our directors or officers.

Our corporate affairs will be governed by our amended and restated memorandum and articlesDistrict Court, Northern District of association, the Companies Law (as the same may be supplemented or amended from time to time) and the common law of the Cayman Islands. We will also be subject to the federal securities laws of the United States.California, entitled Moradpour v. Velodyne Lidar, Inc., et al., No. 3:21-cv-01486-SI. The rights of shareholders to take action against the directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are different from what they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a different body of securities laws as compared to the United States, and certain states, such as Delaware, may have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholders derivative action in a Federal court of the United States.

We have been advised by our Cayman Islands legal counsel that the courts of the Cayman Islands are unlikely (i) to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts of the United States predicated upon the civil liability provisionscomplaint alleged purported violations of the federal securities laws and that, among other things, the defendants made materially false and/or misleading statements and failed to disclose material facts about Velodyne’s business, operations and prospects, including with respect to David Hall’s role with Velodyne and removal as Chairman of Velodyne’s Board of Directors. The complaint alleged that purported class members have suffered losses and sought, among other things, an award of compensatory damages on behalf of a putative class of persons who purchased or otherwise acquired Velodyne’s securities between November 9, 2020 and February 19, 2021. On March 12, 2021, a putative class action entitled Reese v. Velodyne Lidar, Inc., et al., No. 3:21-cv-01736-VC, was filed against Velodyne, Mr. Gopalan and Mr. Hamer in the United States or any state; and (ii) in original actions broughtDistrict Court for the Northern District of California, based on allegations similar to those in the Cayman Islands,earlier class action and seeking recovery on behalf of the same putative class. On March 19, 2021, another putative class action entitled Nick v. Velodyne Lidar, Inc., et al., No. 4:21-cv-01950-JST, was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, against Velodyne, Mr. Gopalan, Mr. Hamer, two current or former directors, and three other entities. The complaint was based on allegations similar to impose liabilitiesthose in the earlier class actions and sought, among other things, an award of compensatory damages on behalf of a putative class of persons who purchased or otherwise acquired Velodyne’s securities between July 2, 2020 and March 17, 2021. The class actions have been consolidated, lead plaintiffs have been appointed and an amended consolidated complaint was filed on September 1, 2021, based on allegations similar to those in the earlier class actions. Velodyne filed a motion to dismiss the amended and consolidated complaint on November 1, 2021. The plaintiffs filed a first amended complaint on February 11, 2022. Velodyne filed a motion to dismiss on March 4, 2022. On July 1, 2022, the court denied the motion to dismiss as it relates to the claims related to David Hall’s role with Velodyne, but granted the motion to dismiss as to all other claims. The Company intends to defend the actions vigorously.

On March 12, 2021, a putative shareholder derivative lawsuit entitled D’Arcy v. Gopalan, et al., No. 1:21-cv-00369-MN, was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware against us predicated uponcurrent and former directors and/or officers Anand Gopalan, Andrew Hamer, David S. Hall, Marta Thoma Hall, Joseph B. Culkin, Michael E. Dee, James A. Graf, Barbara Samardzich, and Christopher A. Thomas, and names Velodyne as a nominal defendant. The complaint asserted claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, and waste of corporate assets against all of the civil liability provisions ofindividual defendants, and asserted a contribution claim under the federal securities laws of the United States or any state, so far as the liabilities imposed by those provisions are penal in nature. In those circumstances, although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtainedagainst Mr. Gopalan and Mr. Hamer. On March 16, 2021, a second shareholder derivative lawsuit entitled Kondner, et al. v. Culkin, et al., No. 1:21-cv-00391-MN, was filed in the United States District Court for the courtsDistrict of the Cayman Islands will recognize and enforce a foreign money judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits based on the principle that a judgment of a competent foreign court imposes upon the judgment debtor an obligation to pay the sum for which judgment has been given provided certain conditions are met. For a foreign judgment to be enforced in the Cayman Islands, such judgment must be final and conclusive and for a liquidated sum, and must not be in respect of taxes or a fine or penalty, inconsistent with a Cayman Islands judgment in respectDelaware against most of the same matter, impeachabledefendants named in the earlier derivative complaint, and asserted claims against the individual defendants for alleged breaches of fiduciary duty and waste of corporate assets. Both derivative actions are based on allegations similar to those in the groundsclass actions discussed above, and have now been consolidated. On January 3, 2022, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint. The litigation is still ongoing.
From time to time, we have been and may again become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of fraudour business. Other than the foregoing, we are not presently a party to any litigation or obtained in a manner, or be of a kind the enforcement of which is, contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands (awards of punitive or multiple damages may well be heldlegal proceedings that we believe to be contrary to public policy). A Cayman Islands Court may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent proceedingsmaterial and we are being brought elsewhere.

As a resultnot aware of all of the above, public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directorsany pending or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a United States company.

Cyber incidents or attacks directed atthreatened litigation against us could result in information theft, data corruption, operational disruption and/or financial loss.

We depend on digital technologies, including information systems, infrastructure and cloud applications and services, including those of third parties with whichthat we may deal. Sophisticated and deliberate attacks on, or security breaches in, our systems or infrastructure, or the systems or infrastructure of third parties or the cloud, could lead to corruption or misappropriation of our assets, proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data. As an early stage company without significant investments in data security protection, we may not be sufficiently protected against such occurrences. We may not have sufficient resources to adequately protect against, or to investigate and remediate any vulnerability to, cyber incidents. It is possible that any of these occurrences, or a combination of them,believe could have a material adverse consequenceseffect on our business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows. See Note 10. Commitments and lead to financial loss.

We are subject to changing law and regulations regarding regulatory matters, corporate governance and public disclosure that have increased both our costs and the risk of non-compliance.

We are subject to rules and regulations by various governing bodies, including, for example, the Securities and Exchange Commission, which are charged with the protection of investors and the oversight of companies whose securities are publicly traded, and to new and evolving regulatory measures under applicable law. Our efforts to comply with new and changing laws and regulations have resulted in and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities.

Moreover, because these laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance becomes available. This evolution may result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and additional costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to our disclosure and governance practices. If we fail to address and comply with these regulations and any subsequent changes, we may be subject to penalty and our business may be harmed.

We employ a mail forwarding service, which may delay or disrupt our ability to receive mail in a timely manner.

Mail addressed to the Company and received at its registered office will be forwarded unopened to the forwarding address supplied by Company to be dealt with. None of the Company, its directors, officers, advisors or service providers (including the organization which provides registered office services in the Cayman Islands) will bear any responsibility for any delay howsoever caused in mail reaching the forwarding address, which may impair your ability to communicate with us.

ITEM IB. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.

We maintain executive offices at 1400 Centrepark Blvd, Ste 810, West Palm Beach, FL 33401 pursuant to an agreement with our Sponsor. The cost for this space isContingencies included in the aggregate $10,000 per-month fee we paynotes to our Sponsoraudited financial statements included elsewhere in the Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
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Part II
Item 5. Market for office spaceRegistrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and administrative services. We believe, based on rents and fees for similar services, that the fee charged by our Sponsor is at least as favorable as we could have obtained from an unaffiliated entity. We consider our current office space, combined with the office space otherwise available to our executive officers, adequate for our current operations.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

AsIssuer Purchases of December 31, 2020, to the knowledge of our management, there was no material litigation, arbitration or governmental proceeding pending against us or any members of our management team in their capacity as such, and we and the members of our management team have not been subject to any such proceeding.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

Equity Securities

Market Information

Our units, Class A ordinary sharescommon stock and warrants listedare traded on the NYSE under the symbols “CLA.U”“OUST” and “OUST-WS”, “CLA” and “CLA WS”, respectively.

on the NYSE American under the symbol “OUST WTA”.

Holders

As of December 31, 2020,March 23, 2023, there was one holder of record of our units, one holder of record of our Class A ordinary shares and twowere 418 registered holders of record of our warrants.common stock. The actual number of holdersstockholders of our common stock is greater than this number of record does not include a substantially greater numberholders and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners but whose shares of “street name” holders or beneficial holders whose units, Class A ordinary shares and warrantscommon stock are held of recordin street name by banks, brokers and other financial institutions.

nominees.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities; UsePurchases of Proceeds from Registered Offerings

On August 25, 2020, we consummatedEquity Securities by the Public OfferingIssuer or Affiliated Purchaser

None.
Dividend Policy
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and future earnings, if any, for the operation and expansion of 20,000,000 units. The units soldour business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any dividends in the Public Offering were soldforeseeable future. Any future determination related to our dividend policy will be made at an offering pricethe discretion of $10.00 per unit, generating total gross proceedsour board of $200,000,000. BTIG, LLC acted as sole book-running managerdirectors after considering our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, contractual requirements, business prospects and other factors the Public Offering. The securities in the offering were registered under the Securities Act on a registration statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-240378). The Securitiesboard of directors deems relevant, and Exchange Commission declared the registration statement effective on August 20, 2020.

Simultaneously with the consummation of the Public Offering, the Sponsor consummated the Private Placement of an aggregate of 6,000,000 warrants at a price of $1.00 per private placement warrant, generating total proceeds of $6,000,000. The issuance was made pursuantsubject to the exemption from registrationrestrictions contained in Section 4(a)(2)any future financing instruments.

Item 6. [Reserved]
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of the Securities Act.

The private placement warrants are identical to the warrants underlying the units sold in the Public Offering, except that the private placement warrants are not transferable, assignable or salable until 30 days after the completionFinancial Condition and Results of a business combination, subject to certain limited exceptions.

OfOperations.

You should read the gross proceeds received from the Public Offering and the private placement warrants, $200,000,000 was placed in the Trust Account.

We paid a total of $4,000,000 in underwriting discounts and commissions and $597,631 for other costs and expenses related to the Public Offering. In addition, the underwriters agreed to defer up to $7,000,000 in underwriting discounts and commissions.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.

As a “smaller reporting company,” we are not required to provide the information called for by this Item.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion and analysis of the Company’sour financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunctiontogether with our audited consolidated financial statements and therelated notes related thereto which are included elsewhere in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain information contained in the This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current plans, expectations and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements.beliefs involving risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of manyvarious factors, including those set forth under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” “Item 1A. Risk“Risk Factors” and elsewhere in other parts of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

We are a blank check company incorporated in the Cayman Islands on June 4, 2020 formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. We intend to effectuate our business combination using cash derived from the proceeds of our initial public offering consummated on August 25, 2020 (the “Public Offering”), our shares, debt or a combination of cash, shares and debt.

We expect to continue to incur significant costs in the pursuit of our acquisition plans. We cannot assure you that our plans to complete a business combination will be successful.

Agreement for Business Combination

On December 21, 2020, weOuster Technologies, Inc. (“OTI,”) entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Colonnade Merger Agreement”) with Colonnade Acquisition Corp., a merger agreement, withCayman Islands exempted company (“CLA”), and Beam Merger Sub, Inc. (“Merger Sub”), a Delaware corporation and Ouster, Inc. (“Ouster”), relating to a proposed business combination transaction (thesubsidiary of CLA. OTI’s and CLA’s board of directors unanimously approved OTI’s entry into the Colonnade Merger Agreement, and on March 11, 2021, the transactions contemplated by the Colonnade Merger Agreement were consummated (all such transactions, the “Business Combination”) between the Company and Ouster (the “Merger Agreement”).

, as further described below.Pursuant to the terms of the Colonnade Merger Agreement, (i) CLA domesticated as a corporation incorporated under the Companylaws of the State of Delaware (the “Domestication”) and changed its name to “Ouster, Inc.” (with CLA after such domestication and the other transactions pursuant to the Colonnade Merger Agreement being referred to as the “Company”) and (ii) Merger Sub merged with and into OTI (the “Colonnade Merger”), with OTI surviving the Colonnade Merger.

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this subsection to “we,” “our,” “Ouster” and “the Company” refer to the business and operations of OTI (formerly known as Ouster, Inc.) and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Colonnade Merger and to Ouster, Inc. (formerly known as Colonnade Acquisition Corp.) and its consolidated subsidiaries following the consummation of the Colonnade Merger.
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Overview
We founded Ouster in 2015 with the invention of our high-performance digital lidar. To continue to grow our business in the coming years, we have expanded and plan to continue to expand our sales and marketing efforts and our software development capabilities, and to accelerate sensor development efforts. We are headquartered in San Francisco, CA.
We are a leading global provider of high-resolution digital lidar sensors that offer advanced 3D vision to machinery, vehicles, robots, and fixed infrastructure assets, which allows each to understand and visualize the surrounding world and ultimately enabling safe operation and autonomy. We design and manufacture digital lidar sensors that we believe are one of the highest-performing, lowest-cost lidar solutions available today across each of our four target markets: industrial automation; smart infrastructure; robotics; and automotive.
Our digital lidar sensors leverage a simplified architecture based on two semiconductor chips and are backed by a suite of patent-protected technology. We have invested heavily in patents since our inception, pursuing comprehensive coverage of invention families and use cases, with broad international coverage. We believe that our extensive patent coverage creates material barriers to entry for anyone aiming to compete in the digital lidar space.
Our product offering today includes three models of sensors in our OS product line: the ultra-wide field of view OS0, the mid-range OS1, and the long-range OS2. In January 2020 we released new models in our OS product line, increasing the resolution of our OS1 model and introducing the OS0 and OS2 models. Within our OS sensor models, we offer numerous customization options, all enabled by embedded software. For each of our three models in the OS product line, we offer resolution options of 128 lines vertically (“channels”), 64 channels, or 32 channels, as well as many beam spacing options. We are currently developing our solid-state DF product line, which is a suite of short, mid, and long-range solid-state digital lidar sensors that provide uniform precision imaging without motion blur across an entire field of view. On October 19, 2022, we announced the launch of our newest OS series scanning sensors, REV7, powered by our next-generation L3 chip. REV7 features the all-new OSDome sensor, as well as upgraded OS0, OS1, and OS2 sensors that deliver double the range, enhanced object detection, increased precision and accuracy, and greater reliability. The new REV7 sensors offer performance upgrades that we believe will domesticate asenhance Ouster’s market opportunity, driven by new opportunities for longer-range and mapping applications.
We believe the simplicity of our digital lidar design gives us a meaningful advantage in costs related to manufacturing, supply chain and production yields. The same digital lidar architecture underpins our entire product portfolio which we believe drives economies of scale in our supply chains and speeds time to market. We are successfully expanding our manufacturing capacity by outsourcing to our manufacturing partner, Benchmark Electronics, Inc. (“Benchmark”). Benchmark manufactures our products at its facility in Thailand, which we expect will reduce our product costs and allow us to rapidly scale production to meet our anticipated product demand. We expect our manufacturing costs per unit to decrease further with higher volumes.
Merger with Velodyne Lidar, Inc.
On November 4, 2022, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Velodyne Merger Agreement”) with Velodyne Lidar, Inc., a Delaware corporation (and will be renamed “Ouster PubCo”(“Velodyne”), Oban Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and one of our direct, wholly owned subsidiaries (“Velodyne Merger Sub I”) and Oban Merger Sub II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and one of our direct, wholly owned subsidiaries (“Velodyne Merger Sub II”).
On February 10, 2023, we completed our merger of equals with Velodyne pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger with Velodyne, Merger Sub I and Merger Sub a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, will merge with and into Ouster, the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub will cease and Ouster will be the surviving corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of the CompanyII (the “Merger”“Velodyne Merger”). In connection with the consummationclosing of the Business Combination,Velodyne Merger, we and Velodyne now operate as a single combined company. We believe the CompanyVelodyne Mergers will change its nameenhance our robust suite of product offerings; grow our diverse customer base; increase operational efficiencies; further develop our innovative product roadmap in anticipation for the future needs of the market; reduce our production costs; improve our path to “Ouster,profitability; and strengthen our future financial position.
Amazon Warrant
Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Amazon.com, Inc.

(“Amazon”), holds a warrant (“Amazon Warrant”) to acquire, following customary antidilution adjustments, up to an aggregate of 32,638,980 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $5.07 per share. We assumed the Amazon Warrant as part of the Velodyne Merger. The Merger Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants by the parties theretoexercise price and the closingwarrant shares issuable upon exercise of the Amazon Warrant are subject to further antidilution adjustments, including in the event we make certain sales of common stock (or securities exercisable or convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our common stock) at a price less than the exercise price of the Amazon Warrant. The Amazon Warrant is subject to certain conditionsvesting; 50% of the unvested Amazon Warrant vested as further described ina result of the Velodyne Merger Agreement.

Results of Operations

We have neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenuesand the remainder will vest over time based on payments by Amazon or its affiliates to date. Our only activities from June 4, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020 were organizational activities, those necessary to prepare for the Public Offering, identifying a target for our business combination, and activitiesus in connection with Amazon’s purchase of goods and services from us.

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COVID-19 Impact
Our suppliers who are located worldwide, including some of our key suppliers, have been affected by the proposed acquisitionnovel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, resulting in persistent supply chain disruptions. We have been experiencing unfavorable purchase price variance and situational expedite fees in order to meet production and delivery timelines. While we may experience additional and new pressures on our supply chain that may or may not be related to the pandemic, we have been actively taking steps to mitigate the impact of Ouster. Wethe materials shortages on our business.
Some customers have delayed their orders and production schedules. In spite of what appears to be a “return-to-normal” in several regions, the pandemic continues to evolve, and the full extent to which it will directly or indirectly impact our business, results of operations and financial condition, including sales, expenses, reserves and allowances, manufacturing, research and development costs and personnel-related costs, will depend on future developments that are uncertain, including new information that may emerge concerning COVID-19, the impact of new variants and sub-variants and the actions taken to contain, prevent or treat COVID-19, rate and success of vaccination efforts, vaccination reticence, resurgence of the pandemic in areas where we, Benchmark or our suppliers operate, and the economic impact on local, regional, national and international customers and markets.
Because the situation remains uncertain and hard to predict, the COVID-19 pandemic may have a material negative impact on our future results.
Factors Affecting Our Performance
Supply Chain Continuity. Beginning in 2021, a surge in demand for electronics containing semiconductor chips and stockpiling of chips by certain companies created disruptions in the supply chain, which continue to persist and have resulted in a global chip shortage impacting our industry. Some chip manufacturers continue to estimate that this supply shortage may continue through the end of 2023. These chip manufacturers are working to increase capacity in the future, and we are managing our inventory and working closely with our regular suppliers and customers to minimize the potential impacts of any supply shortages including by securing additional inventory. While we do not expect the shortage to generate anyhave a material near-term impact on our ability to meet existing demand for our current products, the shortage adversely impacted our gross margins for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. We anticipate fluctuation in our cost of goods sold over the next 12-15 months as a result of ongoing supply chain constraints. These constraints have caused and may in the future cause us to implement certain temporary price surcharges. If our mitigating efforts are not successful or the shortage continues or worsens in ways we did not anticipate, our ability to supply or improve our current products as well as our development and rollout of future products could also be adversely affected.
Commercialization of Lidar Applications. We believe that lidar is approaching its inflection point of adoption across our target end market applications, and that we are well-positioned to capitalize on this market adoption. However, as our customers continue research and development projects to commercialize semi-autonomous solutions that rely on lidar technology, it is difficult to estimate the timing of ultimate end market and customer adoption. As a result, we expect that our results of operations, including revenue and gross margins, will fluctuate on a quarterly and annual basis for the foreseeable future. As the market for lidar solutions matures and more customers reach a commercialization phase with solutions that rely on our technology, the fluctuations in our operating revenuesresults may become less pronounced. Nonetheless, our revenue may not grow as we expect unless and until aftermore customers commercialize their products and lidar technology becomes more prevalent across our target end markets.
Number of Customers in Production. For certain strategic customers and markets, our products must be integrated into a broader platform, which then must be tested, validated, and achieve system-level performance and reliability thresholds that enable commercial production and sales. The time necessary to reach commercial production varies from six months to seven years, based on the completionmarket and application. For example, the production cycle in the automotive market tends to be substantially longer than in our other target markets, including industrial automation, smart infrastructure and robotics. It is critical to our future success in each of our initial business combination.target end markets that our customers reach commercial production and sales and that they select our products in their commercial production applications. Because the timelines to reach production vary significantly and the revenue generated by each customer in connection with commercial production and sales is unpredictable, it is difficult for us to reliably predict our financial performance.
Customers’ Sales Volumes. Our customer base is diversified and we will continue to penetrate into diverse end markets to increase our sales volumes. Ultimately widespread adoption of our customers’ products that incorporate our lidar solutions will depend on many factors, including the size of our customers’ end markets, end market penetration of our customer’s products that incorporate our digital lidar solutions, our end customers’ ability to sell their products, and the financial stability and reputation of the customers. We generate non-operating incomebelieve our sales volume by customer depends on the end market demand for our customers’ products that incorporate our digital lidar solutions as well as our ability to grow our sales force.
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Average Selling Prices (“ASPs”), Product Costs and Margins. Our product costs and gross margins depend largely on the volumes of sensors sold and the number and variety of solutions we provide to our customers. We expect that our selling prices will vary by target end market and application due to market-specific supply and demand dynamics. We expect to continue to experience some downward pressure on margins from signing anticipated large multi-year agreements in the formnear term with multi-year negotiated pricing, as well as the supply chain constraints discussed above. We expect that these customer-specific selling price fluctuations combined with our volume-driven product costs may drive fluctuations in revenue and gross margins on a quarterly basis. However, notwithstanding any short-term price surcharges on our products, we expect that over time our volume-driven product costs will lead to gross margin improvement as our sales volume increases.
Competition. Lidar is an emerging market, and there are many competitors for the growing market. This has created downward pressure on our ASPs, particularly in the Asia and Pacific region. We expect this pressure to continue to push our ASPs lower in the coming years. However, we believe that because of interest incomeour complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor, (“CMOS”), digital lidar technology, we are well-positioned to scale more rapidly than our competitors and leverage our scale to deliver positive gross margins.
Continued Investment and Innovation. We believe that we are a leading digital lidar provider. Our financial performance is significantly dependent on marketable securities.our ability to maintain this leading position which is further dependent on the investments we make in research and development. We believe it is essential that we continue to identify and respond to rapidly evolving customer requirements, including successfully realizing our product roadmap. If we fail to continue our innovation, our market position and revenue may be adversely affected, and our investments in that area will not be recovered.
Market Trends and Uncertainties. We anticipate robust demand for our digital lidar solution. We estimate a multibillion dollar total addressable market (“TAM”) for our solutions in the near future. We define our TAM as automation applications in the industrial, smart infrastructure, robotics and automotive end markets where we actively engage and maintain customer relationships. Each of our target markets is potentially a significant global opportunity, and these markets have historically been underserved by limited or inferior technology or not served at all. We believe we are incurringwell positioned in our market as a leading provider of high-resolution digital lidar sensors.
Although increasing adoption of semi-autonomous solutions that rely on lidar technology may generate higher demand, we may not be able to take advantage of demand if we are unable to anticipate regulatory changes and adapt quickly enough to meet such new regulatory standards or requirements applicable to us or to our customers’ products in which our digital lidar sensors are used. Market acceptance of semi-autonomous solutions and active safety technology depend upon many factors, including cost, performance, safety performance, regulatory requirements and international taxes or tariffs related to such technologies. These factors may impact the ultimate market acceptance of our lidar technology.
International Expansion. We view international expansion as an important element of our strategy to increase revenue and achieve profitability. We continue to position ourselves in geographic markets that we expect to serve as important sources of future growth. We have an existing presence in three regions: North and South America; Asia and Pacific; and Europe, Middle East and Africa. We intend to expand our presence in these regions over time including through distribution partnerships. Expanded global reach will require continued investment and may expose us to additional foreign currency risk, international taxes and tariffs, legal obligations and additional operational costs, risks and challenges that may impact our ability to meet our projected sales volumes, revenue and gross margins.
Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
The majority of our revenue comes from the sale of our digital lidar sensors and accessories both directly to end users and through distributors both domestically and internationally. We recognize revenue from product sales when the performance obligation of transferring control of the product to the customer has been met, generally when the product is shipped. We also recognize revenue by performing services related to product development and validation, and shipping; however, we do not expect product development and validation and license and services to be material components of revenue, cost of revenue or gross margin in the foreseeable future. Performance obligations related to services are generally recognized over time, based on cost-to-cost input basis or straight-line over time. Amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling are classified as revenue, and we have elected to recognize the cost of shipping activities that occur after control has transferred to the customer as a fulfillment cost rather than a separate performance obligation. All related costs are accrued and recognized within cost of revenue when the related revenue is recognized.
Most of our customers are innovators and early technology adopters incorporating our products into their solutions. Currently, our product revenue consists of both customers ordering small volumes of our products that are in an evaluation
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phase and customers that order larger volumes of our products and have more predictable long-term production schedules. However, we are still at the very beginning of the lidar adoption curve, and some customers are still learning their ramp rates which can impact the timing of purchase orders quarter to quarter. As we grow our business we expect to improve predictability into our customers’ needs and timelines, and expect the timing of orders will have a less notable impact on our quarterly results. Over the coming years, as more of our customers move into their respective production phases, we expect the majority of our product revenue to shift to larger volume orders based on predictable production schedules. We also expect a significant amount of our revenue to come from international customers, and anticipate that our sales from regions outside of the Americas will continue to grow over the long-term.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue consists of the manufacturing cost of our digital lidar sensors, which primarily consists of sensor components, personnel-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation directly associated with our manufacturing organization, and amounts paid to our third-party contract manufacturer and vendors. Our cost of revenue also includes depreciation of manufacturing equipment, an allocated portion of overhead, facility and IT costs, reserves for estimated warranty expenses, excess and obsolete inventory and shipping costs.
Gross Profit and Gross Margin
Our gross profit equals total revenues less our total cost of revenues, and our gross margin is our gross profit expressed as a percentage of total revenue. We experienced negative gross margins from the fourth quarter of 2018 until we turned gross margin positive during 2020 primarily due to increased unit volumes which improved our ability to absorb fixed costs and lowered material costs by increasing our buying power and a shift to outsourced mass production of our sensors to Benchmark, who has leverage for greater volume discounts and lower overhead costs. Subject to quarterly fluctuations and volatility, we expect unit costs to decline as we manufacture higher unit volumes of sensors and a greater portion of our sensors are produced by our contract manufacturer in Thailand.
Operating Expenses
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development (“R&D”) activities are primarily conducted at our San Francisco based headquarters and our additional R&D facility in Edinburgh, Scotland and consist of the following activities:
Design, prototyping, and testing of proprietary electrical, optical, and mechanical subsystems for our digital lidar products;
Robust testing for industrial and autonomous vehicle safety certifications;
Development of new products and enhancements to existing products in response to customer requirements including firmware development and software development of lidar integration products;
Custom system-on-a-chip (“SoC”) design for Ouster’s digital lidar products; and
Development of custom manufacturing equipment.
R&D expenses consist of personnel-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation, for all personnel directly involved in R&D activities, third-party engineering and contractor costs, and prototype expenses.
R&D costs are expensed as they are incurred. Our investment in R&D will continue to grow as we invest in new lidar technology and related software. Our absolute amount of R&D expenses will grow over time; however, we expect R&D as a percentage of revenue to decrease over time as our business grows.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Our business development, customer support and marketing teams are located in offices worldwide. Selling and marketing expenses consist of personnel-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation, for all personnel directly involved in business development, customer support, and marketing activities, and marketing expenses including trade shows, advertising, and demonstration equipment. We have experienced additional sales and marketing expenses as a result of our global expansion, and expect sales and marketing spend as a percentage of revenue to decrease over time as our business grows.
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General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consist of personnel-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation, of our executives and members of the board of directors, finance, human resource, IT, and legal departments as well as fees related to legal fees, patent prosecution, accounting, finance and professional services as well as insurance and bank fees. Our absolute amount of general and administrative expenses will grow over time; however, we expect the general and administrative spend as a percentage of revenue to decrease over time as our business grows. We have experienced and may in the near term experience additional increases in general and administrative expenses related to legal, accounting, finance and professional services costs associated with the Velodyne Merger, hiring more personnel and consultants to support our growing international expansion and compliance with the applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (“SOX”) and other SEC rules and regulations as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accountingcompany.
Interest Income, Interest Expense, and auditing compliance)Other Income (Expense), as well as for due diligence expenses in connection with completing a business combination.

For the period from June 4, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020, we had a net lossNet

Interest income consists primarily of $2,702,566, which consisted of operating costs of $2,763,620, offset by interestincome earned on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $57,914 and an unrealized gain on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $3,140.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

On August 25, 2020, we consummated the Public Offering of 20,000,000 units, at a price of $10.00 per unit, generating gross proceeds of $200,000,000. Simultaneously with the closing of the Public Offering, we consummated the sale of 6,000,000 private placement warrants to the Sponsor at a price of $1.00 per warrant, generating gross proceeds of $6,000,000.

Following the Public Offering, and the sale of the private placement warrants, a total of $200,000,000 was placed in the Trust Account. We incurred $11,597,631 in transaction costs, including $4,000,000 of underwriting fees, $7,000,000 of deferred underwriting fees and $597,631 of other costs.

For the period from June 4, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020, cash used in operating activities was $729,512, which consisted of our net loss of $2,702,566, interest earned on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $57,914, an unrealized gain on marketable securities of $3,140 and changes in operating assets and liabilities, which provided $2,034,108 of cash.

As of December 31, 2020, we had cash and marketable securities heldcash equivalents. These amounts will vary based on our cash and cash equivalents balances and market rates. Interest expense consists primarily of interest on our debt and convertible notes and amortization of debt issuance costs and discounts. Other income (expense), net consists primarily of realized and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency transactions and balances, the change in the Trust Accountfair value of $200,061,054. We may withdraw interest to pay our taxes, if any. Through December 31, 2020, we have not withdrawn any amounts to pay for our tax obligations. We intend to use substantially all of the funds held in the Trust Account,financial instruments, including any amounts representing interest earned on the Trust Account (which interest shall be net of taxes payable) to complete our business combination. To the extent that our share capital is used, in whole or in part, as consideration to complete a business combination, the remaining proceeds held in the Trust Account will be used as working capital to finance the operations of the target business or businesses, make other acquisitions and pursue our growth strategies.

As of December 31, 2020, we had cash of $697,957. We intend to use the funds held outside the Trust Account primarily to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, structure, negotiate and complete a business combination.

In order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costswarrants issued in connection with a business combination, our Sponsor ordebt agreement, and warrants initially issued by CLA in a private placement.

Income Taxes
Our income tax provision consists of federal, state and foreign current and deferred income taxes. Our income tax provision for interim periods is determined using an affiliateestimate of our Sponsorannual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items arising in the quarter. Our effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to valuation allowances on deferred tax assets as it is more likely than not that some, or certainall, of our officers and directors may, but aredeferred tax assets will not obligatedbe realized. We continue to loan us funds as may be required. If we completemaintain a business combination, we would repay such loaned amounts. In the event thatfull valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets.
Results of Operations:
For a business combination does not close, we may use a portiondiscussion of the working capital held outside the Trust Account to repay such loaned amounts, but no proceeds from our Trust Account would be used for such repayment. Up to $1,500,000Company’s results of such loans may be convertible into warrants, at a price of $1.00 per warrant at the option of the lender. The warrants would be identical to the private placement warrants.

We monitor the adequacy of our working capital in order to meet the expenditures required for operating our business prior to our initial business combination. However, if our estimates of the costs of identifying a target business, undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating an initial business combination are less than the actual amount necessary to do so, we may have insufficient funds available to operate our business prior to our business combination. Moreover, we may need to obtain additional financing either to complete our business combination or because we become obligated to redeem a significant number of our public shares upon completion of our business combination, in which case we may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination because we do not have sufficient funds available to us, we will be forced to cease operations and liquidate the Trust Account.

Off-Balance Sheet Financing Arrangements

We have no obligations, assets or liabilities, which would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2020. We do not participate in transactions that create relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, often referred to as variable interest entities, which would have been establishedliquidity and capital resources for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements. We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financing arrangements, established any special purpose entities, guaranteed any debt or commitments of other entities, or purchased any non-financial assets.

Contractual Obligations

We do not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations or long-term liabilities, other than an agreement to pay the Sponsor a monthly fee of $10,000 for office space, utilities, secretarial and administrative support services, provided to the Company. We began incurring these fees on August 21, 2020 and will continue to incur these fees monthly until the earlier of the completion of a business combination and the Company’s liquidation.

The underwriters are entitled to a deferred fee of $0.35 per unit, or $7,000,000 in the aggregate. A portion of such amount not to exceed 40% of the total amount of deferred underwriting commissions held in the Trust Account may be paid at the sole discretion of the Company to parties who may or may not participate in the Public Offering (but who are members of FINRA) that assist us in consummating a business combination. The election to make such payments to such parties will be solely at the discretion of our management team. The deferred fee will become payable to the underwriters from the amounts held in the Trust Account solely in the event that we complete a business combination, subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement.

On December 4, 2020, we entered into an agreement with a service provider, pursuant to which the service provider will serve as the placement agent for us in connection with a proposed private placement (the “Proposed Transaction”) of our equity or equity-linked securities (the “Equity Securities”). We agreed to pay the service provider a cash fee of equal to 50% of 3.5% of the gross proceeds of the total fair market of the Equity Securities sold in the Proposed Transaction subject to a minimum fee of $1,000,000 and reimbursable expenses not to exceed $50,000 without our prior written consent.

On December 4, 2020, we entered into an agreement with a service provider, pursuant to which the service provider will serve as media relations, due diligence, and transaction preparation in connection with a proposed business combination. We agreed to pay the service provider a cash fee of (i) $15,000 per month until the consummation of a business combination, (ii) $200,000 payable only upon consummation of a business combination and (iii) a discretionary performance bonus in the amount of $200,000 upon the consummation of the business combination, at our sole discretion.

On December 5, 2020, we entered into an agreement with a service provider, pursuant to which the service provider will serve as the co-placement agent for us in connection with a proposed private placement (the “Transaction”) of our equity or equity-linked securities (the “Securities”). We agreed to pay the service provider a cash fee of $2,800,000, payable at the closing of the business combination and a cash fee equal to 50% of 3.5% of the gross proceeds of the total Securities sold in the Transaction subject to a minimum fee of $2,200,000.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and income and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. We have identified the following critical accounting policies:

Class A Ordinary Shares Subject to Redemption

We account for our Class A ordinary shares subject to possible conversion in accordance with the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” Class A ordinary shares subject to mandatory redemption are classified as a liability instrument and are measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable ordinary shares (including ordinary shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within our control) are classified as temporary equity. At all other times, ordinary shares are classified as shareholders’ equity. Our Class A ordinary shares feature certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of our control and subject to occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption are presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the shareholders’ equity section of our consolidated balance sheet.

Net Income (Loss) Per Ordinary Share

We apply the two-class method in calculating earnings per share. Net income per common share, basic and diluted for Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption is calculated by dividing the interest income earned on the Trust Account, net of applicable taxes, if any, by the weighted average number of shares of Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption outstanding for the period. Net loss per common share, basic and diluted for non-redeemable Class B ordinary shares is calculated by dividing net income less income attributable to Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, by the weighted average number of shares of non-redeemable Class B ordinary shares outstanding for the period presented.

Recent Accounting Standards

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Following the consummation of our Public Offering, the net proceeds of our Public Offering, including amounts in the Trust Account, have been invested in U.S. government treasury bills, notes or bonds with a maturity of 185 days or less or in certain money market funds that invest solely in U.S. treasuries. Due to the short-term nature of these investments, we believe there will be no associated material exposure to interest rate risk.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

Reference is made to pages F-1 through F-16 comprising a portion of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls are procedures that are designed with the objective of ensuring that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this Report, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time period specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls are also designed with the objective of ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management evaluated, with the participation of our current chief executive officer and chief financial officer (our “Certifying Officer”), the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as ofyear ended December 31, 2020, pursuantincluding a year-to-year comparison between the year ended December 31, 2021 to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our Certifying Officer concluded that, as ofyear ended December 31, 2020, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

We do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors and all instances of fraud. Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Further, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits must be considered relativerefer to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all disclosure controls and procedures, no evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures can provide absolute assurance that we have detected all our control deficiencies and instances of fraud, if any. The design of disclosure controls and procedures also is based partly on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

“Item 7. Management’s Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include a report of management’s assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting or an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm due to a transition period established by rules of the SEC for newly public companies.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.

None.

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.

Directors and Executive Officers

Our directors and executive officers are as follows:

Name

Age

Position

Joseph S. Sambuco

59Chairman of the Board of Directors

Remy W. Trafelet

50Chief Executive Officer and Director

James C. Flores

61Director

Emil W. Henry, Jr.

59Director

Manny De Zárraga

60Director

Joseph S. Sambuco has served as our Chairman since our inception. Mr. Sambuco is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Colonnade Properties LLC (“Colonnade”) which he founded along with Prudential Real Estate Investors in 2000. Under his leadership, he successfully built Colonnade into a fully-integrated and diversified real estate investment, finance, operating and asset management company. Mr. Sambuco is also a director and President of St. Giles Hotels, USA, Inc., a hotel investment and operating company. Prior to forming Colonnade, Mr. Sambuco was a Managing Director and the Chief Financial Officer of the Taylor Simpson Group, a real estate investment and asset management firm that acquired LF Property Investment Company, the real estate division of Lazard Frères & Co LLC, where he began his career in 1982. Mr. Sambuco was actively involved Lazard’s financial advisory practice where he was responsible for advising clients about the real estate components for their mergers and acquisitions, restructurings, and financings. Mr. Sambuco holds a B.A. in accounting from Rutgers University, which he graduated from in 1982. Mr. Sambuco serves on the Board of Hazeltree Fund Services and the Palm Beach Civic Association. He is a former Trustee of the Palm Beach Day Academy and recently served on the board of Alico, Inc., an agricultural business. Mr. Sambuco is well qualified to sit on our board due to his comprehensive operational, capital markets and investment management experience in the real estate sector. His widespread network of relationships in the real estate industry will significantly enhance the company’s deal sourcing efforts.

Remy W. Trafelet has served as our Chief Executive Officer and a director since our inception. Mr. Trafelet is President and Chief Executive Officer of Trafelet & Company, LLC, a private investment firm that invests across a broad range of asset classes and industries, including financial services, energy, technology and agriculture. Mr. Trafelet began his career in 1992 as an analyst at Fidelity Management and Research Company where he became a portfolio manager at age 25. In 2000, Mr. Trafelet formed Trafelet Delta Funds, which managed several long/short equity portfolios. The firm grew to over $5.5 billion in assets under management with offices in New York and London. In 2009, Mr. Trafelet spun off the firm’s London operations to Habrok Capital Management, a global long/short equity hedge fund. Mr. Trafelet is the Founder and Chairman of Hazeltree Fund Services, a FinTech company providing treasury solutions to more than 200 financial institutions with over $2.0 trillion of assets under advisory. From 2016 to 2019, Mr. Trafelet served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Alico Inc. (NASDAQ: ALCO), an agribusiness holding company. During his tenure, he implemented a corporate restructuring and operating efficiency program, which improved the company’s return on capital employed. Mr. Trafelet is a Trustee and Chairman of the Investment Committee for the Boys’ Club of New York and also serves as a member of the board for the Children’s Scholarship Fund. He is a former Trustee and Chairman of the Investment Committee of Phillips Exeter Academy. Mr. Trafelet is also a former Trustee for The Eaglebrook School, and a board member of the Atlantic Salmon Federation. Mr. Trafelet graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy and earned an A.B. from Dartmouth College, where he graduated with honors and was named a Presidential Scholar. Mr. Trafelet is a Chartered Financial Analyst. Mr. Trafelet is well qualified to sit on our board due to his extensive and successful capital markets, investment and valuation experience specifically in the energy sector. His familiarity of running a publicly traded agricultural company and his operational knowledge will provide the company with highly valuable experiences and perspectives as it seeks to identify an attractive business target.

James C. Flores has served on our board of directors since the completion of our initial public offering. Mr. Flores has served as Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and President of Sable Permian Resources since May of 2017. Sable engages in the acquisition, consolidation and optimization of oil and gas upstream opportunities in the Permian Basin in West Texas. Since 1982, Mr. Flores has had an extensive career in the oil and gas industry in the roles of Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and President of one private and four public oil & gas exploration and production companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Initially, in 1994, he led Flores & Rucks, Inc. (the NYSE:FNR) and then Ocean Energy Inc. (the NYSE:OEI) in 1997. In 2001, he became the Chairman and CEO of Plains Resources Inc. (the NYSE:PLX) where under his leadership the exploration and production assets of PLX were spun off into Plains Exploration & Production Company (the NYSE:PXP). Mr. Flores served in the capacity of PXP’s Chairman, CEO, and President where, after 10-plus years of substantial growth, PXP was acquired by Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. (the NYSE:FCX) in May of 2013 where Mr. Flores served as Vice Chairman of FCX until November 2015. Prior to Sable Permian Resources, Mr. Flores served as Chairman and CEO of Freeport-McMoRan Oil & Gas, a wholly owned subsidiary of Freeport-McMoRan Inc., the world’s largest publicly traded copper producer. Mr. Flores graduated from Louisiana State University with B.S. degrees in corporate finance and petroleum land management. He is a member of the National Petroleum Council, serves as Trustee for the Baylor College of Medicine and is a Director for the Waterfowl Research Foundation. He was inducted into the All-American Wildcatters in 1999 and is a member of the World Presidents’ Organization. He was recognized as the Executive of the Year in 2004 in Oil and Gas Investor magazine. In addition, Mr. Flores and his wife, Cherie, have endowed the LSU Flores MBA program. The Flores are dedicated supporters to many philanthropic causes and organizations focusing on Medical, Arts, Academic, Service and Conservation efforts ranging locally from the United Way to national support of the Nature Conservancy and Ducks Unlimited. Mr. Flores is well qualified to serve on our board due to his extensive investment, operational, and board experience in the oil and gas industry.

Emil W. Henry, Jr. has served on our board of directors since the completion of our initial public offering. Emil is the Founder, Chief Executive Officer and a Managing Director at Tiger Infrastructure Partners. Emil previously served as Global Head of Lehman Brothers’ infrastructure private equity business. From 1990 to 2005, he was a Partner and Managing Director with Gleacher Partners, where he served as Chairman of Asset Management and led the firm’s investment activities. In 2005, Emil was appointed by the President and confirmed by the United States Senate, unanimously, as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. In this role, he served as attaché to the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets, oversaw the Office of Critical Infrastructure Protection, led the Treasury’s efforts to establish emergency response protocols in the event of a financial crisis and was key advisor to two Treasury secretaries. Emil outlined publicly and prior to the financial crisis how a systemic crisis might unfold driven by Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s concentrated holdings of sub-prime mortgages. Emil was awarded the Alexander Hamilton Award, the highest honor the Treasury can bestow upon a public official. Earlier in his career, he was a member of Morgan Stanley’s private equity group. Emil currently serves on the boards of Easterly Government Properties, StoneCastle Financial, and numerous boards of Tiger Infrastructure portfolio companies. Emil has represented the U.S. Treasury on the boards of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC), and the National Gallery of Art and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He is a frequent public speaker and author on matters of public policy. He holds an MBA from Harvard Business School and a B.A. in Economics, cum laude, from Yale University. Mr. Henry is well qualified to serve on our board due to his extensive capital markets, investment and board experience.

Manny De Zárraga has served on our board of directors since the completion of our initial public offering. Manny is an executive managing director and member of JLL Capital Markets, Americas’ Executive Committee. He joined JLL as part of the HFF acquisition and serves as co-head of the firm’s National Investment Advisory Group. Manny has more than 28 years of experience in real estate investment banking and specializes in the execution and expansion of the firm’s capital markets platform through the representation of institutional and major global family offices owners of institutional-grade commercial real estate properties. He also oversees the firm’s Special Assets Group and is an active member of the Global Capital Team, with a special focus on the Latin American markets. Prior to joining HFF in 2002, Manny was a principal and managing director at Sonnenblick-Goldman Company for 14 years and served on the firm’s operating committee. During his time there, he was involved in real estate capital transactions made up of all major property types. He also serves since 1994 as the U.S. investment advisor to Grupo Multiplan and previously served as the privatization advisor to the government of Puerto Rico for the sale of government-owned hotels. Prior to Sonnenblick-Goldman, Manny was vice president of the Trade Finance Corporation, where he worked in the development of a mortgage- based securitization program in conjunction with Salomon Brothers. Mr. De Zárraga is well qualified to serve on our board due to his extensive advisory and capital markets experience in the real estate industry.

Number, Terms of Office and Appointment of Directors and Officers

Our board of directors consists of five members and is divided into three classes with only one class of directors being elected in each year, and with each class (except for those directors appointed prior to our first annual meeting of shareholders) serving a three-year term. In accordance with NYSE corporate governance requirements, we are not required to hold an annual meeting until one year after our first fiscal year end following our listing on NYSE. The term of office of the first class of directors, consisting of Mr. Henry, will expire at our first annual meeting of shareholders. The term of office of the second class of directors, consisting of Messrs. Flores and De Zárraga, will expire at the second annual meeting of shareholders. The term of office of the third class of directors, consisting of Messrs. Sambuco and Trafelet, will expire at the third annual meeting of shareholders.

Our officers are appointed by the board of directors and serve at the discretion of the board of directors, rather than for specific terms of office. Our board of directors is authorized to appoint officers as it deems appropriate pursuant to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.

Director Independence

The rules of the NYSE require that a majority of our board of directors be independent within one year of our Public Offering. An “independent director” is defined generally as a person who, in the opinion of the Company’s board of directors, has no material relationship with the listed company (either directly or as a partner, shareholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with the Company). Our board of directors has determined that each of Messrs. Flores, Henry and De Zárraga is an “independent director” as defined in the NYSE listing standards and applicable SEC rules. Our independent directors will have regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent directors are present.

Board Committees

Audit Committee

Our board of directors has established an audit committee of the board of directors. Messrs. Flores, Henry and De Zárraga serve as the members of the audit committee, and Mr. De Zárraga chairs the audit committee. All members of our audit committee are independent of and unaffiliated with our Sponsor and our underwriters.

Each member of the audit committee is financially literate and our board of directors has determined that Mr. De Zárraga qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in applicable SEC rules and has accounting or related financial management expertise.

We have adopted an audit committee charter, which details the principal functions of the audit committee, including:

assisting board oversight of (1) the integrity of our financial statements, (2) our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, (3) our independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications and independence, and (4) the performance of our internal audit function and independent registered public accounting firm; the appointment, compensation, retention, replacement, and oversight of the work of the independent registered public accounting firm and any other independent registered public accounting firm engaged by us;

pre-approving all audit and non-audit services to be provided by the independent registered public accounting firm or any other registered public accounting firm engaged by us, and establishing pre-approval policies and procedures; reviewing and discussing with the independent registered public accounting firm all relationships the firm has with us in order to evaluate their continued independence;

setting clear policies for audit partner rotation in compliance with applicable laws and regulations; obtaining and reviewing a report, at least annually, from the independent registered public accounting firm describing (1) the independent auditor’s internal quality-control procedures and (2) any material issues raised by the most recent internal quality-control review, or peer review, of the audit firm, or by any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional authorities, within the preceding five years respecting one or more independent audits carried out by the firm and any steps taken to deal with such issues;

meeting to review and discuss our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and the independent auditor, including reviewing our specific disclosures under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”; reviewingOperations,” in Part II of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2022.

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The following table summarizes key components of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and approving any2021:
Year Ended December 31,
20222021
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue$41,029 $33,578 
Cost of revenue(1)
30,099 24,492 
Gross profit10,930 9,086 
Operating expenses(1):
Research and development64,317 34,579 
Sales and marketing30,833 22,258 
General and administrative61,203 51,959 
Total operating expenses156,353 108,796 
Loss from operations(145,423)(99,710)
Other (expense) income:
Interest income2,208 471 
Interest expense(2,694)(504)
Other income, net7,654 2,968 
Total other income, net7,168 2,935 
Loss before income taxes(138,255)(96,775)
Provision (benefit from) for income tax expense305 (2,794)
Net loss$(138,560)$(93,981)
The following table sets forth the components of our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss data as a percentage of revenue for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31,
20222021
(% of total revenue)
Revenue100 %100 %
Cost of revenue(1)
73 73 
Gross profit27 27 
Operating expenses(1):
Research and development157 103 
Sales and marketing75 66 
General and administrative149 155 
Total operating expenses381 324 
Loss from operations(354)(297)
Other (expense) income:
Interest income
Interest expense(7)(2)
Other income, net19 
Total other income, net17 
Loss before income taxes(337)(289)
Provision (benefit from) for income tax expense(8)
Net loss(338)%(281)%
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(1)Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
20222021
(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenue$783 $637 
Research and development14,611 7,240 
Sales and marketing7,065 3,823 
General and administrative10,862 13,663 
Total stock-based compensation$33,321 $25,363 
Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
Revenue
Year Ended December 31,2022 - 2021 Change
20222021$%
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue by geographic location:
Americas$15,977 $15,656 $321 %
Asia and Pacific9,510 7,334 2,176 30 
Europe, Middle East and Africa15,542 10,588 4,954 47 
Total$41,029 $33,578 $7,451 22 %
Revenue
Revenue increased by $7.5 million, or 22%, to $41.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $33.6 million for the prior year. The increase in product revenue was driven by an increase in volume of 34%, which we attribute primarily to the expansion of our sales team and the increase of high volume, long-term deals as some of our customers begin to move into the production stage. Our average selling price declined by 9%.
Geographic Locations
The Americas revenue remained relatively flat compared to prior year. Revenue increase in Asia and Pacific, Europe, Middle East and Africa regions was primarily attributable to our continued focus and investment in our global sales team and an increase in the demand of our products in the year ended December 31, 2022.
Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin
Year Ended December 31,2022 - 2021 Change
20222021$%
(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenue$30,099 $24,492 $5,607 23 %
Cost of revenue and Gross Margin
Cost of revenue increased by $5.6 million, or 23%, to $30.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $24.5 million for the prior year. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily attributable to increase related party transaction required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404volume of Regulation S-K promulgatedunits shipped.
Gross margin was flat at 27% for the year ended December 31, 2022 as the result of 8% decrease in cost per unit offset by the SEC9% decrease in average selling prices.
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Operating Expenses
Year Ended December 31,2022 - 2021 Change
20222021$%
(dollars in thousands)
Operating expenses:
Research and development$64,317 $34,579 $29,738 86 %
Sales and marketing30,833 22,258 8,575 39 
General and administrative61,203 51,959 9,244 18 
Total operating expenses:$156,353 $108,796 $47,557 44 %
Research and Development
Research and development expenses increased by $29.7 million, or 86%, to $64.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $34.6 million in the prior to us entering into such transaction; and

reviewing with management, the independent registered public accounting firm, and our legal advisors, as appropriate, any legal, regulatory or compliance matters, including any correspondence with regulators or government agencies and any employee complaints or published reports that raise material issues regarding our financial statements or accounting policies and any significant changes in accounting standards or rules promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the SEC or other regulatory authorities.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

We have a nominating and corporate governance committee comprised of Messrs. Flores, Henry and De Zárraga. Mr. Henry serves as chair of the nominating and corporate governance committee. All members of our nominating and corporate governance committee are independent of and unaffiliated with our Sponsor and our underwriters.

We have adopted a nominating and corporate governance committee charter, which details the purpose and responsibilities of the nominating and corporate governance committee, including:

identifying, screening and reviewing individuals qualified to serve as directors, consistent with criteria approved by the board, and recommendingyear. The increase was primarily attributable to the board of directors candidates for nomination for election at the annual meeting of shareholders or$11.6 million increase in payroll-related expenses, $6.7 million increase in stock-based compensation expense, $6.5 million increase in contractor, prototype, and equipment costs related to fill vacancies on the board of directors;

developingproduct development, $2.6 million increase in depreciation and recommendingamortization expense mainly due to the board of directorsacquired developed technology amortization, and overseeing implementation of our corporate governance guidelines;

coordinating$2.3 million in other materials and overseeing the annual self-evaluation of the board of directors, its committees, individual directors and management in the governance of the Company; and

reviewing on a regular basis our overall corporate governance and recommending improvements as and when necessary.

The charter provides that the nominating and corporate governance committee may, in its sole discretion, retain or obtain the advice of, and terminate, any search firm to be used to identify director candidates, and will be directly responsible for approving the search firm’ssupplies, facilities, professional fees and other retention terms.

We have not formally established any specific, minimum qualifications that must be metmiscellaneous costs attributable to research and development functions. The increase in employee-related expenses was mainly due to the higher headcount associated with the Sense Photonics, Inc. acquisition.

Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses increased by $8.6 million, or skills that are necessary39%, to $30.8 million for directorsthe year ended December 31, 2022 from $22.3 million in the prior year. The increase was primarily attributable to possess. In general,the $5.3 million increase in identifyingpayroll and evaluating nominees for director, the board of directors considers educational background, diversity of professional experience, knowledge of our business, integrity, professional reputation, independence, wisdom,personnel-related costs and the ability$3.2 million increase in stock-based compensation expense driven by the addition of sales personnel globally.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses increased by $9.2 million, or 18%, to represent$61.2 million for the best interestsyear ended December 31, 2022 from $52.0 million in the prior year. The change was primarily attributable to the $2.6 million increase in litigation costs, $2.5 million increase in payroll and personnel-related costs, $2.3 million increase in professional services fees primarily related to Velodyne Merger, $2.2 million increase in office, facility and other expenses, $1.3 million increase in depreciation and amortization expenses and $1.1 million increase in insurance premiums, partially offset by a decrease of $2.8 million in stock-based compensation expenses.
Interest Income, Interest Expense and Other Income (Expense), Net
Year Ended December 31,2022 - 2021 Change
20222021$%
(dollars in thousands)
Interest income$2,208 $471 $1,737 369 %
Interest expense(2,694)(504)(2,190)435 
Other income, net7,654 2,968 4,686 158 
Interest income was $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $0.5 million for the prior year. The increase in interest income was primarily attributable to higher interest rates on excess cash and cash equivalent balances.
Interest expense was $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $0.5 million for the prior year. We recorded interest expense on our shareholders. Priordebt and amortization of debt issuance costs and discount in the year ended December 31, 2022 relating to multiple term loan borrowings and amortization of debt issuance costs and discount under our Loan and Security Agreement with Hercules Capital, Inc., dated April 29, 2022 (as amended, the “Term Loan Facility”). Interest expense recorded in the year ended December 31, 2021 primarily consisted of interest and amortization of debt issuance
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cost and discount on the loan and security agreement with Runway Growth Credit and Fund Inc., which was terminated on March 26, 2021.
Other income (expense), net was $7.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $3.0 million for the prior year. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded a gain of $7.4 million for the fair value change of private placement warrant liability. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded a gain of $11.8 million for the fair value change of warrant liability and a loss of $8.8 million for the fair value change of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability.
Income Taxes
Year Ended December 31,2022 - 2021 Change
20222021$%
(dollars in thousands)
Loss before income taxes$(138,255)$(96,775)$(41,480)43 %
Provision (benefit from) for income tax expense305 (2,794)3,099 (111)
Effective tax rate(0.22)%2.89 %
Our effective tax rate was (0.22)% for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to our initial business combination, holderseffective tax benefit of our public shares will not have the right to recommend director candidates for nomination to our board of directors.

Compensation Committee

Our board of directors has established a compensation committee of the board of directors. Messrs. Flores, Henry and De Zárraga serve as the members of the compensation committee, and Mr. Flores chairs the compensation committee. All members of our compensation committee are independent of and unaffiliated with our Sponsor and our underwriters.

We have adopted a compensation committee charter, which details the principal functions of the compensation committee, including:

reviewing and approving on an annual basis the corporate goals and objectives relevant to our chief executive officer’s compensation, evaluating our chief executive officer’s performance in light of such goals and objectives and determining and approving the remuneration (if any) of our chief executive officer’s based on such evaluation;

reviewing and making recommendations to our board of directors with respect to the compensation, and any incentive compensation and equity based plans that are subject to board approval of all of our other officers;

reviewing our executive compensation policies and plans;

implementing and administering our incentive compensation equity-based remuneration plans;

assisting management in complying with our proxy statement and annual report disclosure requirements;

approving all special perquisites, special cash payments and other special compensation and benefit arrangements for our officers and employees;

producing a report on executive compensation to be included in our annual proxy statement; and

reviewing, evaluating and recommending changes, if appropriate, to the remuneration for directors.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, as indicated above, other than the payment of customary fees we may elect to make to members of our board of directors for director service and payment to an affiliate of our Sponsor of $10,000 per month, for up to 24 months, for office space, utilities and secretarial and administrative support and reimbursement of expenses, no compensation of any kind, including finders, consulting or other similar fees, will be paid to any of our existing shareholders, officers, directors or any of their respective affiliates, prior to, or for any services they render in order to effectuate the consummation of an initial business combination. Accordingly, it is likely that prior to the consummation of an initial business combination, the compensation committee will only be responsible2.89% for the review and recommendation of any compensation arrangements to be entered into in connection with such initial business combination.

The charter provides that the compensation committee may, in its sole discretion, retain or obtain the advice of a compensation consultant, independent legal counsel or other adviser and will be directly responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of any such adviser. However, before engaging or receiving advice from a compensation consultant, external legal counsel or any other adviser, the compensation committee will consider the independence of each such adviser, including the factors requiredprior year. Our tax expense changed by NYSE and the SEC.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. We have filed a copy of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics as an exhibit to our registration statement in connection with the Public Offering. You are able to review this document by accessing our public filings at the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov. In addition, a copy of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and the charters of the committees of our board of directors will be provided without charge upon request from us in writing at 1400 Centrepark Blvd, Ste 810, West Palm Beach, FL 33401 or by telephone at (561) 712-7860. If we make any amendments to our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics other than technical, administrative or other non-substantive amendments, or grant any waiver, including any implicit waiver, from a provision of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer principal accounting officer or controller or persons performing similar functions requiring disclosure under applicable SEC or NYSE rules, we will disclose the nature of such amendment or waiver on our website.

Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company’s executive officers, directors, and persons who beneficially own more than ten percent of a registered class of the Company’s equity securities, to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of the Company’s common stock. Such officers, directors, and persons are required by SEC regulation to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) forms that they file with the SEC.

Based solely on a review of the copies of such forms that were received by the Company, except for a Form 4 filed on October 26, 2020 for the Sponsor and Mr. Sambuco to report one transaction, the Company is not aware of any failures to file reports or report transactions in a timely manner$3.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2020.

2022, compared to prior year, primarily due to the release of the valuation allowance as a result of recording a deferred tax liability from an acquisition during the year ended December 31, 2021.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.

None

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of liquidity are our cash and cash equivalents, cash generated from product revenues, sales of common stock under our at-the market equity offering program and our Loan Agreement with Hercules Capital, Inc.
Our primary requirements for liquidity and capital are working capital, inventory management, capital expenditures, public company costs and general corporate needs. We expect these needs to continue as we develop and grow our business. Prior to the Colonnade Merger, we primarily funded our operations from the net proceeds from sales of our officers or directors havepreferred convertible stock and convertible notes, borrowing under our loan and security agreement with Runway Growth Credit Fund, Inc. and product revenue. Upon closing of the Colonnade Merger, we received any cash compensation for services renderedgross proceeds of $299.9 million from the Colonnade Merger and private offering, offset by $8.5 million of pre-merger costs relating to us. We will pay our Sponsor $10,000 per month for office space, utilities, secretarialCLA and administrative support services providedtransactions cost of $26.6 million.
On April 29, 2022, we entered into an open market sale agreement with B. Riley Securities, Inc., Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. and Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. (the “ATM Agreement”), pursuant to memberswhich we may offer and sell shares of our management team. In addition, our Sponsor, officerscommon stock with an aggregate offering price of up to $150.0 million under an “at the market” offering program. Subject to the terms and directors, orconditions of the agreement, we may sell the shares in amounts and at times to be determined by us but we are under no obligation to sell any of their respective affiliatesthe shares. Actual sales, if any, will be reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with activities on our behalf such as identifying potential target businesses and performing due diligence on suitable business combinations. Our audit committee will reviewdepend on a quarterly basis all paymentsvariety of factors to be determined by us from time to time, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of our common stock, capital needs and determinations by us of the appropriate sources of funding. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we sold 7,833,709 shares of common stock for net proceeds of $15.8 million under the ATM Agreement. We currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of shares pursuant to the ATM Agreement for working capital and general corporate purposes.
On April 29, 2022, we entered into a loan and security agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Hercules Capital, Inc. (“Hercules”). For additional information, see “Debt Arrangements” below.
As of December 31, 2022 we had an accumulated deficit of $441.9 million and cash and cash equivalents of $122.9 million. We manage our cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions that were madewe believe have high credit quality and, at times, such amounts exceed federally insured limits.The failure of any bank with which we maintain a commercial relationship could cause us to lose our deposits in excess of the federally insured or protected amounts. We have experienced recurring losses from operations, and negative cash flows from operations, and we expect to continue operating at a loss and to have negative cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future. Because we are in the growth stage of our business and operate in an emerging field of technology, we expect to continue to invest in research and development and expand our sales and marketing teams worldwide. We may require additional capital to respond to technological advancements, competitive dynamics or technologies, customer demands, business opportunities, challenges, acquisitions or unforeseen circumstances and in either the short-term or long-term may determine to engage in equity or debt financings or enter into credit facilities for other reasons. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on
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terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited. In particular, the widespread COVID-19 pandemic and current macroeconomic conditions, including elevated inflation rates and high interest rates, have resulted in, and may continue to result in, significant disruption of global financial markets, reducing our ability to access capital. If we are unable to raise additional funds when or on the terms desired, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Debt Arrangements
As described above, on April 29, 2022, we entered into the Loan Agreement with Hercules, which provided us with a term loan facility of up to $50.0 million, subject to terms and conditions (the “Term Loan Facility”). As of December 31, 2022, $40.0 million has been drawn to date under the Loan Agreement, and can be used for general working capital purposes subject to certain terms and conditions. As of December 31, 2022, we did not achieve certain conditions relating to the achievement of trailing twelve month revenue and profit milestones therefore an additional $10.0 million under the Term Loan Facility is no longer available to us.
In contemplation of entry into the Velodyne Merger Agreement, on November 1, 2022, we entered into a Consent and Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the “Second Amendment”), amending the Loan Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the Second Amendment, the financial covenant requiring us to achieve certain trailing twelve month revenue thresholds commencing with the quarter ending June 30, 2023 was eliminated and replaced, contingent upon and effective as of the closing of the Velodyne Merger, with a minimum liquidity financial covenant whereby we must maintain at least $60 million of cash in deposit accounts that are subject to an account control agreement in favor of Hercules.
On February 10, 2023, we entered into the Third Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the “Third Amendment”), which amends certain provisions of the Loan Agreement, to (i) increase the existing debt baskets for (a) purchase money debt and capital leases, and (b) letter of credit obligations; (ii) provide for increased flexibility to maintain cash in non-US accounts; and (iii) provide for increased flexibility to relocate certain equipment.
For additional information regarding the terms of the Loan Agreement, see Note 7. Debt and Note 18. Subsequent Events to our Sponsor, officersconsolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Material Cash Requirements
We are a party to many contractual obligations involving commitments to make payments to third parties. These obligations impact our short-term and long-term liquidity and capital resource needs. Certain contractual obligations are reflected on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, while others are considered future commitments. Our contractual obligations primarily consist of non-cancelable purchase commitments with various parties to purchase goods or directors, orservices, primarily inventory, entered into in the normal course of business and operating leases. For information regarding our or their affiliates. Any such payments priorother contractual obligations, refer to Note 9. Leases and Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies.
Cash Flow Summary
For the Years ended December 31,
20222021
(dollars in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities$(110,690)$(71,061)
Investing activities(5,147)(15,229)
Financing activities55,602 258,304 
Operating Activities
During the year ended December 31, 2022, operating activities used $110.7 million in cash. The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during this period were our net loss of $138.6 million, impacted by our non-cash charges of $41.4 million primarily consisting of depreciation and amortization of  $9.5 million, stock-based compensation of $33.3 million, change in right-of-use asset of $2.7 million, interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount of $1.0 million, a $7.4 million change in fair value of warrant liabilities, inventory write down of $1.6 million allowance for expected credit losses of $0.3 million and loss from disposal of property and equipment of $0.4 million. The cash used in changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $13.5 million was primarily due to an initialincrease in accounts receivable of
57

$0.9 million, an increase in inventories of $13.7 million, an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $3.1 million, an increase in accounts payable of $4.2 million, an increase in accrued and other liabilities of $3.2 million and a decrease in operating lease liability of $3.2 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, operating activities used $71.1 million in cash. The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during this period were our net loss of $94.0 million, impacted by our non-cash charges of $29.1 million primarily consisting of depreciation and amortization of  $5.5 million, stock-based compensation of $25.4 million, change in deferred income taxes of $2.5 million, change in right-of-use asset of $2.2 million, amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount of $0.3 million, $2.9 million change in fair value of warrant liabilities, inventory write down of $0.8 million and allowance for expected credit losses of $0.4 million. The cash used in changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $6.1 million was primarily due to an increase in accounts receivable of $8.0 million, an increase in inventories of $3.4 million, a decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets of $0.4 million, a decrease in accounts payable of $2.4 million, an increase in accrued and other liabilities of $9.1 million and a decrease of operating lease liability of $1.7 million.
Investing Activities
During the year ended December 31, 2022, cash used in investing activities was $5.1 million, which was primarily related to purchases of property, plant and equipment of $5.4 million, partially offset by sales of property and equipment of $0.3 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, cash used in investing activities was $15.2 million, which was primarily related to cash used for our acquisition of Sense, net of cash acquired, of $10.9 million and purchases of property, plant and equipment of $4.3 million.
Financing Activities
During the year ended December 31, 2022, cash provided by financing activities was $55.6 million, consisting primarily of $39.1 million of proceeds from borrowings, net of debt discount and issuance costs, $16.3 million of proceeds from the issuance of common stock under the ATM Agreement, net of commissions and fees, proceeds from exercise of stock options of $0.5 million and proceeds from ESPP purchase of $0.4 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, cash provided by financing activities was $258.3 million, consisting primarily of net proceeds from the Colonnade Merger and PIPE Investment of $264.8 million, and proceeds from exercise of stock options of $0.5 million, partially offset by repayment of debt of $7.0 million.
Critical Accounting Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that can significantly impact the amounts we report as assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses and the related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and future performance as these policies involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity.
Business Combinations
Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method. We recognize the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations on the basis of their fair values at the date of acquisition. We assess the fair value of assets acquired, including intangible assets, and liabilities assumed using a variety of methods. Each asset acquired and liability assumed is measured at fair value from the perspective of a market participant. The method used to estimate the fair values of intangible assets incorporates significant estimates and assumptions regarding the estimates a market participant would make in order to evaluate an asset, including a market participant’s use of the asset, future cash inflows and outflows, probabilities of success, asset lives, and the appropriate discount rates. Any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired is allocated to goodwill. Transaction costs and restructuring costs associated with a business combination will be madeare expensed as incurred.
During the measurement period, which extends no later than one year from funds held outside the Trust Account. Otheracquisition date, we may record certain adjustments to the carrying value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill.
58

After the measurement period, all adjustments are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations within other income (expense), net.
Goodwill
The recoverability of goodwill is evaluated annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than quarterly audit committee reviewits carrying amount. The Company’s impairment evaluation of such reimbursements,goodwill consists of a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of its single reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The Company’s qualitative assessment considers factors including changes in the macroeconomic, industry and market conditions, a sustained share price or market capitalization decrease, and if there is any other specific event. If this qualitative assessment indicates it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, no further analysis is required and goodwill is not impaired. Otherwise, we do not expectcompare the estimated fair value of the asset to haveits carrying amount with an impairment loss recognized for the amount, if any, additional controls in place governing our reimbursement payments to our directors and officers for their out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with our activities on our behalf in connection with identifying and consummating an initial business combination. Other than these payments and reimbursements, no compensation of any kind, including finder’s and consulting fees, will be paid by which carrying value exceeds estimated fair value.
When the Company toperforms the quantitative test for goodwill, fair values are determined using a combination of the discounted cash flow approach (“income approach”) and the guideline public company method (“market approach”). This approach requires the use of significant estimates and assumption including forecasted future cash flows, long-term future growth rates and discount rates. Estimating the fair value of reporting unit requires the use of estimates and significant judgments that are based on a number of factors including actual operating results. It is reasonably possible that the judgments and estimates described above could change in future periods.
Inventory Valuation
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. Costs are computed under the standard cost method, which approximates actual costs determined on the first in, first out basis. We record write-downs of inventories which are obsolete or in excess of anticipated demand. Significant judgment is used in establishing our Sponsor, officersforecasts of future demand and directors, or any of their respective affiliates, prior to completionobsolete material exposures. We consider marketability and product life cycle stage, product development plans, demand forecasts, and assumptions about future demand and market conditions in establishing our estimates. If the actual component usage and product demand are significantly lower than forecast, which may be caused by factors within and outside of our initial business combination.

Aftercontrol, or if there were a higher incidence of inventory obsolescence because of rapidly changing technology and our customer requirements, we may be required to increase our inventory write-downs. A change in our estimates could have a significant impact on the completionvalue of our initial business combination, directors or membersinventory and our results of operations.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our management team who remain with usbusiness. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may be paid consulting or management fees fromimpact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily the combined company. Allresult of fluctuations in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and to a lesser extent, inflation risk. The following analysis provides quantitative information regarding these fees will be fully disclosed to shareholders, to the extent then known,risks.
Inflation Risk
General inflation in the proxy solicitation materialsU.S., Europe and other geographies has risen to levels not experienced in recent decades. General inflation, including rising prices for inputs and rising wages, as well as rising interest rates negatively impact our business by increasing our operating costs. General inflation also negatively impacts our business by decreasing the capital for our customers to deploy to purchase our products. Inflation may cause our customers to reduce or tender offer materials furnisheddelay orders for our products thereby causing a decrease in sales. Increased instability relating to this higher inflation as well as rising interest rates may enhance volatility in currency exchange rates, limit our shareholderssuppliers’ and customers’ access to credit and limit our ability to access debt and equity financing. These uncertainties may make it difficult for us and our suppliers and customers to accurately plan future business activities and materially adversely impact our operating results and financial condition. While we adjust our prices to try to offset rising operating costs, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs or demand may decline. Our inability to offset costs or consequential decline in connection with a proposeddemand could harm our business, combination.results of operations or financial condition. We have not established any limit on the amount of such fees that may be paid by the combined company to our directors or members of management. It is unlikely the amount of such compensation will be known at the time of the proposed business combination, because the directors of the post-combination business will be responsible for determining officer and director compensation. Any compensation to be paid to our officers will be determined, or recommended to the board of directors for determination, either by a compensation committee constituted solely by independent directors or by a majority of the independent directors on our board of directors.

We do not intend to take any action to ensure that members of our management team maintain their positions with us after the consummation of our initial business combination, although it is possible that some or all of our officers and directors may negotiate employment or consulting arrangements to remain with us after our initial business combination. The existence or terms of any such employment or consulting arrangements to retain their positions with us may influence our management’s motivation in identifying or selecting a target business but we do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations, other than its impact on the abilitygeneral economy. We cannot assure you, however, that our results of operations and financial condition will not be materially impacted by inflation in the future.

Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is highly sensitive due to many factors, including U.S. monetary and tax policies, U.S. and international economic factors and other factors beyond our control. Our exposures to market risk for changes in interest rates relate
59

primarily to our cash and cash equivalents balances and our debt arrangements which bear floating interest rates. A rising interest rate environment will increase the amount of interest paid on our loans. Based upon a sensitivity analysis, a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates would have increased our interest expense by $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
As of December 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $122.9 million, out of which $121.1 million consisted of money market funds, which carries a degree of interest rate risk. Based upon a sensitivity analysis, a hypothetical 10% change in interest rates would not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations due to the short-term nature of our managementinvestment portfolio.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Our results of operations and cash flows are subject to remain with us after the consummation of our initial business combination will be a determining factorfluctuations due to changes in our decision to proceed with any potential business combination. We are not party to any agreements with our officers and directors that provide for benefits upon termination of employment.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS.

We have no compensation plans under which equity securities are authorized for issuance.

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of January 15, 2021, by:

each person known by us to be a beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding ordinary shares of, on an as-converted basis;

each of our officers and directors; and

foreign currency exchange rates. Substantially all of our officers and directors as a group.

The following tablerevenue is based on 25,000,000 ordinary shares outstanding as of March 9, 2021, of which 20,000,000 were Class A shares and 5,000,000 were Class B shares. Unless otherwise indicated, it is believed that all persons namedgenerated in U.S. dollars. Our expenses are generally denominated in the table belowcurrencies of the jurisdictions in which we conduct our operations, which are primarily in the U.S. and to a lesser extent in Asia and Europe. Our results of operations and cash flows are, therefore, subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and may be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign exchange rates. The effect of a hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates applicable to our business would not have sole voting and investment power with respecta material impact on our historical consolidated financial statements. To date, we have not engaged in any hedging strategies. As our international operations grow, we will continue to all ordinary shares beneficially owned by them.

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1)

  Number of
Shares
Beneficially
Owned(2)
   Percentage of
Outstanding
Ordinary
Shares
 

Colonnade Sponsor LLC(3)

   5,000,000    20.0

Joseph S. Sambuco(3)

   —      —   

Remy W. Trafelet(3)

   —      —   

James C. Flores(3)

   —      —   

mil W. Henry, Jr. (3)

   —      —   

Manny De Zárraga(3)

   —      —   

(1)

Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each of our shareholders listed is 1400 Centrepark Blvd, Ste 810, West Palm Beach, FL 33401.

(2)

Interests shown consist solely of Founder Shares, classified as Class B ordinary shares. Such shares will automatically convert into Class A ordinary shares concurrently with or immediately following the consummation of our initial business combination on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment.

(3)

Colonnade Sponsor LLC is the record holder of such shares. Mr. Sambuco is the manager, and the members of the Company’s management team are among the members, of Colonnade Sponsor LLC. Messrs. Sambuco and Trafelet are among the members who share voting and investment discretion with respect to the shares held of record by Colonnade Sponsor LLC. Each of the foregoing individuals disclaims any beneficial ownership of the securities held by Colonnade Sponsor LLC other than to the extent of any pecuniary interest he may have therein, directly or indirectly.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.

Founder Shares

On June 30, 2020, the Sponsor paid $25,000, or approximately $0.004 per share,reassess our approach to cover certain ofmanage our offering costsrisk relating to the Public Offeringfluctuations in currency rates. No strategy can completely insulate us from risks associated with such fluctuations and our currency exchange for 5,750,000 Founder Shares. The Sponsor surrendered 750,000 Founder Sharesrate risk management activities could expose us to the Company for no consideration in connection with the underwriters’ election to not exercise the overallotment option relating to the Public Offering at the end of the 45-day option period on October 5, 2020.

In connection with the Business Combination, each of the 5,000,000 Founder Shares will convert on a one-for-one basis into one share of Ouster PubCo common stock.

Private Placement Warrants

The Sponsor purchased an aggregate of 6,000,000 private placement warrants, each exercisable to purchase one Class A ordinary share at $11.50 per share, at a price of $1.00 per warrant, or $6,000,000 in the aggregate, in connection with the Public Offering. The private placement warrants are identical to the warrants sold in the Public Offering except that the private placement warrants, so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees, (i) are not be redeemable by the Company, (ii) may not (including the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of these warrants), subject to certain limited exceptions, be transferred, assigned or sold by the holders until 30 days after the completion of our initial business combination, (iii) may be exercised by the holders on a cashless basis and (iv) are entitled to registration rights.

In connection with the Business Combination, each of the 6,000,000 private placement warrants will convert automatically into one warrant to purchase one share of Ouster PubCo common stock pursuant to the warrant agreement between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, dated as of August 20, 2020.

Subscription Agreements

Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, we entered into subscription agreements with certain institutional and accredited investors (the “PIPE Investors”) and with Colonnade WPB LLC, an affiliate of the Sponsor (the “Sponsor Related PIPE Investor”), pursuant to which the PIPE Investors and Sponsor Related PIPE Investor have subscribed for shares of Ouster PubCo common stock (the “PIPE Investment”). The Sponsor Related PIPE Investor is expected to fund $11,750,000 of the PIPE Investment, for which it will receive 1,175,000 shares of Ouster PubCo common stock. The Sponsor Related PIPE Investor is controlled by our Chairman Joseph S. Sambuco.

The PIPE Investment will be consummated substantially concurrently with the closing of the Business Combination.

Administrative Services Agreement

We currently utilize office space at 1400 Centrepark Boulevard, Suite 810, West Palm Beach, FL 33401 from the Sponsor as our executive offices. Commencing upon consummation of the Public Offering, we pay the Sponsor $10,000 per month for office space, utilities, secretarial and administrative support services provided to members of our management team. Upon completion of our initial business combination or our liquidation, we will cease paying these monthly fees.

Related Party Note and Advances

On June 30, 2020, the Sponsor agreed to loan the Company up to an aggregate amount of $300,000 to be used, in part, for transaction costs incurred in connection with the Public Offering pursuant to an unsecured promissory note. The promissory note was non-interest bearing and payable on the earlier of December 31, 2020 and the completion of the Public Offering. The outstanding balance of $126,005 under the promissory note was paid in full in connection with the closing of the Public Offering.

Our officers and directors are entitled to reimbursement for any out-of-pocket expenses related to identifying, investigating, negotiating and completing an initial business combination. Our audit committee reviews on a quarterly basis all payments that were made to the Sponsor, our officers, directors or its or their affiliates.

In addition, in order to finance transaction costs in connection with an intended initial business combination, the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor or certain of our officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds as may be required on a non-interest basis. If we complete the business combination, we would repaysubstantial losses if such loaned amounts. In the event that the business combination does not close, we may use a portion of the working capital held outside the Trust Account to repay such loaned amounts but no proceedsrates move materially differently from our Trust Account would be used for such repayment. Up to $1,500,000expectations.

60

Item 8. Financial Statements and no written agreements exist with respect to such loans.

Registration Rights

The holders of the Founder Shares, private placement warrants and the Class A ordinary shares underlying such private placement warrants and private placement warrants that may be issued upon conversion of working capital loans have registration rights to require us to register a sale of any of our securities held by them pursuant to a registration rights agreement. The holders of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that we register such securities. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to our completion of our initial business combination. We will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.

In connection with the Business Combination, the registration rights agreement will be amended and restated.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.

The following is a summary of fees paid or to be paid to Marcum LLP, or Marcum, for services rendered.

Supplementary Data

Audit Fees. Audit fees consist of fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our year-end financial statements and services that are normally provided by Marcum in connection with regulatory filings. The aggregate fees billed by Marcum for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements, review of the financial information included in our Forms 10-Q for the respective periods and other required filings with the SEC for the period from June 4, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020 totaled approximately $76,000. The above amounts include interim procedures and audit fees, as well as attendance at audit committee meetings.

Audit-Related Fees. Audit-related services consist of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to performance of the audit or review of our consolidated financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.” These services include attest services that are not required by statute or regulation and consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards. We did not pay Marcum for consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards for the period from June 4, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020.

Tax Fees. We did not pay Marcum for tax planning and tax advice for the period from June 4, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020.

All Other Fees. We did not pay Marcum for other services for the period from June 4, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020.

Pre-Approval Policy

Our audit committee was formed upon the consummation of our Public Offering. As a result, the audit committee did not pre-approve all of the foregoing services, although any services rendered prior to the formation of our audit committee were approved by our board of directors. Since the formation of our audit committee, and on a going-forward basis, the audit committee has and will pre-approve all auditing services and permitted non-audit services to be performed for us by our auditors, including the fees and terms thereof (subject to the de minimis exceptions for non-audit services described in the Exchange Act which are approved by the audit committee prior to the completion of the audit).

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS,

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.

(a)

The following documents are filed as part of this report:

(1)

Financial Statements

STATEMENTS
OUSTER, INC.
Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

F-2

Consolidated Balance Sheet

F-3

Consolidated Statement of Operations

F-4

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

F-5

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

F-6

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

F-7

(2)

Financial Statement Schedule

None.

(3)

Exhibits

We hereby file as part of this report the exhibits listed in the attached Exhibit Index. Exhibits which are incorporated herein by reference can be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of such material can also be obtained from the Public Reference Section of the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, at prescribed rates or on the SEC website at www.sec.gov.

COLONNADE ACQUISITION CORP.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Page
No.

F-2

Financial Statements:

F-3

F-4

F-5

F-6

F-7

61

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors and Stockholders of

Colonnade Acquisition Corp.

Ouster, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheetsheets of Colonnade Acquisition Corp.Ouster, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020,2022 and 2021, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, of changes in shareholders’redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit) and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period from June 4, 2020 (inception) throughended December 31, 2020, and2022, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial“consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020,2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period from June 4, 2020 (inception) throughended December 31, 2020,2022 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Explanatory Paragraph — Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company’s business plan is dependent on the completion of a business combination and the Company’s cash and working capital as of December 31, 2020 are not sufficient to complete its planned activities, has a significant working capital deficiency, has incurred significant losses and needs to raise additional funds to meet its obligations and sustain its operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit.audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”)(PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our auditaudits of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our auditaudits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’sCompany's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our auditaudits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our auditaudits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit providesaudits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/S/ Marcum LLP
Marcum LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020.
Houston, Texas
March 8, 2021

COLONNADE ACQUISITION CORP.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Interim Goodwill Impairment Assessments
As described in Notes 2 and 5 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has a single reporting unit and the goodwill balance was $51.2 million as of December 31, 2022. Goodwill is tested by management for impairment at the reporting unit level annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. The quantitative impairment test involves comparing the fair value of the reporting unit to the carrying value. In addition to its annual test, management performed an interim goodwill impairment test as of September 30, 2022, as a result of the decline in market conditions and the impact of market uncertainties that prolonged the sales cycle, and an interim goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2022 as a result of the continuing market volatility resulting in a decline in the Company’s stock price. Management determined the estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value and that goodwill was not impaired as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2022. The Company’s reporting unit estimated fair value was determined by management based on a discounted future cash flow model (income approach) and a market approach. Management’s estimate of fair value included significant judgments and assumptions relating to an implied control premium and comparable company market transactions.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the interim goodwill impairment assessments is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when developing the fair value
62

estimates of the reporting unit; (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant assumptions related to the implied control premiums and comparable company market transactions; and (iii) the audit effort involved in the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included, among others (i) testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimates of the reporting unit; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the market approach; (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the market approach; and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumptions used by management related to the implied control premiums and comparable company market transactions. Evaluating management’s significant assumption related to the implied control premiums involved evaluating whether the assumption used by management was reasonable considering (i) the current and past performance of the reporting unit; (ii) the synergies which a market participant could achieve; (iii) the consistency with external market and industry data; and (iv) whether this assumption was consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skills and knowledge were used to assist in evaluating (i) the appropriateness of the market approach and (ii) the reasonableness of the implied control premiums and comparable company market transactions significant assumptions.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Jose, California
March 24, 2023
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.
63

OUSTER, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

DECEMBER 31, 2020

ASSETS

  

Current Assets

  

Cash

  $697,957 

Prepaid expenses

   314,138 
  

 

 

 

Total Current Assets

   1,012,095 

Cash and marketable securities held in Trust Account

   200,061,054 
  

 

 

 

Total Assets

  $201,073,149 
  

 

 

 

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

  

Current liabilities

  

Accrued expenses

  $2,348,246 

Accrued offering costs

   100 
  

 

 

 

Total Current Liabilities

   2,348,346 

Deferred underwriting fee payable

   7,000,000 
  

 

 

 

Total Liabilities

   9,348,346 
  

 

 

 

Commitments

  

Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, 18,666,781 shares at redemption value

   186,724,794 
  

 

 

 

Shareholders’ Equity

  

Preference shares, $0.0001 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding

   —   

Class A ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 1,333,219 shares issued and outstanding (excluding 18,666,781 shares subject to possible redemption)

   133 

Class B ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 5,000,000 shares issued and outstanding

   500 

Additional paid-in capital

   7,701,942 

Accumulated deficit

   (2,702,566
  

 

 

 

Total Shareholders’ Equity

   5,000,009 
  

 

 

 

Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

  $201,073,149 
  

 

 

 

SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)
December 31,
20222021
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$122,932 $182,644 
Restricted cash, current257 977 
Accounts receivable, net11,233 10,723 
Inventory19,533 7,448 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets8,543 5,566 
Total current assets162,498 207,358 
Property and equipment, net9,695 10,054 
Operating lease, right-of-use assets12,997 15,156 
Goodwill51,152 51,076 
Intangible assets, net18,165 22,652 
Restricted cash, non-current1,089 1,035 
Other non-current assets541 371 
Total assets$256,137 $307,702 
Liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$8,798 $4,863 
Accrued and other current liabilities17,473 14,173 
Operating lease liability, current portion3,221 3,067 
Total current liabilities29,492 22,103 
Operating lease liability, long-term portion13,400 16,208 
Warrant liabilities (At December 31, 2022 and 2021 related party $63 and $2,669, respectively)180 7,626 
Debt39,574 — 
Other non-current liabilities1,872 1,065 
Total liabilities84,518 47,002 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2022 and 2021; Nil shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively (aggregate liquidation preference of nil at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively)— — 
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2022 and 2021; 186,587,986 and 172,200,417 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively19 17 
Additional paid-in capital613,665 564,045 
Accumulated deficit(441,916)(303,356)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(149)(6)
Total stockholders’ equity171,619 260,700 
Total liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock, and stockholders’ equity$256,137 $307,702 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of thethese consolidated financial statements.

statements

COLONNADE ACQUISITION CORP.

64

OUSTER, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE PERIOD FROM JUNE 4, 2020 (INCEPTION) THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 2020

Formation and operational costs

  $2,763,620 
  

 

 

 

Loss from operations

   (2,763,620

Other income:

  

Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account

   57,914 

Unrealized gain on marketable securities held in Trust Account

   3,140 
  

 

 

 

Other income

   61,054 
  

 

 

 

Net loss

  $(2,702,566
  

 

 

 

Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Class A ordinary shares subject to redemption

   18,938,199 
  

 

 

 

Basic and diluted net income per share, Class A ordinary shares subject to redemption

  $0.00 
  

 

 

 

Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, ordinary shares

   6,150,329 
  

 

 

 

Basic and diluted net loss per share, ordinary shares

  $(0.45
  

 

 

 

AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
Revenue
Product revenue$41,029 $33,578 $16,886 
Service revenue— — 2,018 
Total revenue41,029 33,578 18,904 
Cost of revenue
Cost of product30,099 24,492 17,365 
Cost of services— — 26 
Total cost of revenue30,099 24,492 17,391 
Gross profit10,930 9,086 1,513 
Operating expenses:
Research and development64,317 34,579 23,317 
Sales and marketing30,833 22,258 8,998 
General and administrative61,203 51,959 20,960 
Total operating expenses156,353 108,796 53,275 
Loss from operations(145,423)(99,710)(51,762)
Other (expense) income:
Interest income2,208 471 24 
Interest expense(2,694)(504)(2,517)
Other income (expense), net7,654 2,968 (52,150)
Total other income (expense), net7,168 2,935 (54,643)
Loss before income taxes(138,255)(96,775)(106,405)
Provision (benefit from) for income tax expense305 (2,794)375 
Net loss$(138,560)$(93,981)$(106,780)
Other comprehensive loss
Foreign currency translation adjustments(143)(6)— 
Total comprehensive loss$(138,703)$(93,987)$(106,780)
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted$(0.78)$(0.70)$(5.98)
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share177,923,156 133,917,571 17,858,976 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of thethese consolidated financial statements.

statements

COLONNADE ACQUISITION CORP.

65

OUSTER, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE PERIOD FROM JUNE 4, 2020 (INCEPTION) THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 2020

  Class A
Ordinary Shares
  Class B
Ordinary Shares
  

Additional

Paid-in

  Accumulated  

Total

Shareholders’

 
  Shares  Amount  Shares  Amount  Capital  Deficit  Equity 

Balance – June 4, 2020 (inception)

  —    $—     —    $—    $—    $—    $—   

Issuance of Class B ordinary shares to Sponsor

  —     —     5,750,000   575   24,425   —     25,000 

Sale of 20,000,000 Units, net of underwriting discounts and offering costs

  20,000,000   2,000   —     —     188,400,369   —     188,402,369 

Sale of 6,000,000 Private Placement Warrants

  —     —     —     —     6,000,000   —     6,000,000 

Forfeiture of Founder Shares

  —     —     (750,000  (75  75   —     —   

Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption

  (18,666,781  (1,867  —     —     (186,722,927  —     (186,724,794

Net loss

  —     —     —     —     —     (2,702,566  (2,702,566
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance – December 31, 2020

  1,333,219  $133   5,000,000  $500  $7,701,942  $(2,702,566 $5,000,009 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(DEFICIT)

(in thousands, except share data)
Redeemable Convertible
Preferred Stock
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in-
Capital
Notes
receivable
from
stockholders
Accumulated DeficitAccumulated other comprehensive lossTotal Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
SharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance — January 1, 20204,384,348 $40,016 7,902,407 $— $2,320 $(44)$(102,595)$— $(100,319)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options— — 12,221,363 — 379 — — — 379 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of restricted stock awards— — 1,617,264 — — — — 
Issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock88,434,754 39,225 — — — — — — — 
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock(4,384,348)(40,016)4,384,348 — 40,016 — — — 40,016 
Conversion of convertible notes to common stock— — 7,201,912 — 78,311 — — — 78,311 
Stock-based compensation expense— — — — 12,057 — — — 12,057 
Reclassification of a note receivable from a stockholder— — — — — 44 — — 44 
Vesting of early exercised stock options— — — — 379 — — — 379 
Net loss— — — — — — (106,780)— (106,780)
Balance — December 31, 202088,434,754 39,225 33,327,294 — 133,468 — (209,375)— (75,907)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options— — 2,148,437 — 526 — — — 526 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants— — 100 — — — — 
Repurchase of common stock— — (406,845)— (45)— — — (45)
Issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock upon exercise of warrants4,232,947 58,097 — — — — — — — 
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock(92,667,701)(97,322)92,667,701 12 97,310 — — — 97,322 
Issuance of common stock upon merger and private offering, net of acquired private placement warrants of $19,377— — 34,947,657 272,061 — — — 272,065 
Offering costs in connection with the merger— — — — (26,620)— — — (26,620)
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition— — 9,163,982 60,023 — — — 60,024 
66

Issuance of replacement equity awards in connection with acquisition— — — — 1,081 — — — 1,081 
Stock-based compensation expense, including vesting of restricted stock units— — 458,012 — 25,363 — — — 25,363 
Cancellation of previously issued awards— — (105,921)— — — — — — 
Vesting of early exercised stock options— — — — 877 — — — 877 
Net loss— — — — — — (93,981)— (93,981)
Other comprehensive loss— — — — — — — (6)(6)
Balance — December 31, 2021— 

— 172,200,417 

17 564,045 — (303,356)(6)260,700 
Proceeds from at-the-market offering, net of commissions and fees of $505 and issuance costs of $546— — 7,833,709 15,775 — — — 15,776 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options— — 2,158,503 — 470 — — — 470 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of restricted stock units - net of tax withholding— — 4,439,713 (59)— — — (58)
Issuance of common stock to employees under employee stock purchase plan— — 322,010 — 378 — — — 378 
Repurchase of common stock— — (311,236)— (45)— — — (45)
Cancellation of Sense acquisition shares— — (55,130)— (358)— — — (358)
Vesting of early exercised stock options— — — — 138 — — — 138 
Stock-based compensation expense— — — — 33,321 — — — 33,321 
Net loss— — — — — — (138,560)— (138,560)
Other Comprehensive loss— — — — — — — (143)(143)
Balance — December 31, 2022— $— 186,587,986 $19 $613,665 $— $(441,916)$(149)$171,619 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of thethese consolidated financial statements.

statements

COLONNADE ACQUISITION CORP.

67

OUSTER, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE PERIOD FROM JUNE 4, 2020 (INCEPTION) THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 2020

Cash Flows from Operating Activities:

  

Net loss

  $(2,702,566

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

  

Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account

   (57,914

Unrealized gain on marketable securities held in Trust Account

   (3,140

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

  

Prepaid expenses

   (314,138

Accrued expenses

   2,348,246 
  

 

 

 

Net cash used in operating activities

   (729,512
  

 

 

 

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:

  

Investment of cash in Trust Account

   (200,000,000
  

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

   (200,000,000
  

 

 

 

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:

  

Proceeds from sale of Units, net of underwriting discounts paid

   196,000,000 

Proceeds from sale of Private Placement Warrants

   6,000,000 

Proceeds from promissory note – related party

   126,005 

Repayment of promissory note – related party

   (126,005

Payment of offering costs

   (572,531
  

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

   201,427,469 
  

 

 

 

Net Change in Cash

   697,957 

Cash – Beginning

   —   
  

 

 

 

Cash – Ending

  $697,957 
  

 

 

 

Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:

  

Initial classification of Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption

  $189,422,360 
  

 

 

 

Change in value of Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption

  $(2,697,566
  

 

 

 

Deferred underwriting fee payable

   7,000,000 
  

 

 

 

Offering costs paid directly by Sponsor from proceeds from issuance of Class B ordinary shares

  $25,000 
  

 

 

 

Offering costs included in accrued offering costs

  $100 
  

 

 

 

(in thousands)
For the Years ended December 31,
202220212020
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss$(138,560)$(93,981)$(106,780)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization9,456 5,477 3,718 
Stock-based compensation33,321 25,363 12,057 
Deferred income taxes— (2,477)— 
Change in right-of-use asset2,730 2,180 1,887 
Interest expense799 36 1,030 
Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount160 250 258 
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities(7,446)(2,947)48,440 
Change in fair value of derivative liability— — 5,308 
Gain on extinguishment of tranche right liability— — (1,610)
Inventory write down1,600 808 797 
Provision for doubtful accounts346 379 67 
Loss from disposal of property and equipment430 — — 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable(856)(8,007)(1,457)
Inventory(13,684)(3,440)(3,146)
Prepaid expenses and other assets(3,148)350 (1,442)
Accounts payable4,191 (2,442)144 
Accrued and other liabilities3,196 9,060 (417)
Operating lease liability(3,225)(1,670)(971)
Net cash used in operating activities(110,690)(71,061)(42,117)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from sale of property & equipment275 — — 
Purchases of property and equipment(5,422)(4,283)(3,509)
Acquisition, net of cash acquired— (10,946)
Net cash used in investing activities(5,147)(15,229)(3,509)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from the merger and private offering— 291,442 — 
Payment of offering costs— (26,620)— 
Repayment of debt— (7,000)(3,000)
Proceeds from issuance of promissory notes to related parties— 5,000 — 
Repayment of promissory notes to related parties— (5,000)— 
Repurchase of common stock(45)(45)— 
Proceeds from exercise of stock options470 526 1,337 
Proceeds from ESPP purchase378 — — 
Proceeds from exercise of warrants— — 
Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock, net off issuance cost of 265— — 41,526 
Proceeds from borrowings, net of debt discount and issuance costs39,077 — — 
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock under at-the-market offering, net of commissions and fees16,322 — — 
At-the-market offering costs for the issuance of common stock(541)— — 
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of restricted stock units(59)— — 
Net cash provided by financing activities55,602 258,304 39,863 
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents(143)— — 
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(60,378)172,014 (5,763)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year184,656 12,642 18,405 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year$124,278 $184,656 $12,642 
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Cash paid for interest$1,735 $635 $1,228 
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING INFORMATION:
Property and equipment purchases included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities$269 $377 $232 
Equity issued in connection with acquisition$— $61,105 $— 
Issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock upon exercise of warrants$— $58,097 $— 
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock$— $97,322 $40,016 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liability$571 $6,265 $6,409 
Unpaid at-the-market offering costs$$— $— 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of thethese consolidated financial statements.

statements

COLONNADE ACQUISITION CORP.

68

OUSTER, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS

Note 1 – Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
Description of Business
Ouster, Inc. was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on June 4, 2020 as “Colonnade Acquisition Corp”. Following the closing of the business combination in March 2021, the Company domesticated as a Delaware corporation and changed its name to “Ouster, Inc.” The Company’s prior operating subsidiary, Ouster Technologies, Inc. (“OTI”), was incorporated in the state of Delaware on June 30, 2015. The Company is a leading provider of high-resolution digital lidar sensors that offer advanced 3D vision to machinery, vehicles, robots, and fixed infrastructure assets, allowing each to understand and visualize the surrounding world and ultimately enabling safe operation and ubiquitous autonomy. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this subsection to “the Company” refer to the business and operations of OTI (formerly known as Ouster, Inc.) and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Colonnade Merger (as defined below) and to Ouster, Inc. (formerly known as Colonnade Acquisition Corp.) and its consolidated subsidiaries following the consummation of the Colonnade Merger.
Colonnade Acquisition Corp. (the “Company”(“CLA”) is, the Company’s legal predecessor, was originally a blank check company incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company on June 4, 2020. The CompanyCLA was formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses (“Business Combination”).

Although the Company is not limited tobusinesses. On March 11, 2021, CLA consummated a particular industry or geographic region for purposes of completing a Business Combination, the Company intends to focus on industries that complements the Company’s management team’s expertise and network of relationships in the natural resources, energy, real estate and agricultural industries. The Company is an early stage and emerging growth company and, as such, the Company is subject to all of the risks associated with early stage and emerging growth companies.

The Company has one subsidiary, Beam Merger Sub, Inc. (formerly known as C-Sweet Sub, Inc,), a direct wholly owned subsidiary of the Company incorporated in Delaware on December 15, 2020 (“Merger Sub”).

As of December 31, 2020, the Company had not commenced any operations. All activity for the period from June 4, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020 relates to the Company’s formation, the initial public offering (“Initial Public Offering”), which is described below, identifying a target company for a Business Combination, and activities in connection with the proposed acquisition of Ouster, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Ouster”) (see Note 6). The Company will not generate any operating revenues until after the completion of a Business Combination, at the earliest. The Company generates non-operating income in the form of interest income from the proceeds derived from the Initial Public Offering.

The registration statement for the Company’s Initial Public Offering became effective on August 20, 2020. On August 25, 2020, the Company consummated the Initial Public Offering of 20,000,000 units (the “Units” and, with respect to the Class A ordinary shares included in the Units sold, the “Public Shares”), at $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $200,000,000, which is described in Note 3.

Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company consummated the sale of 6,000,000 warrants (the “Private Placement Warrants”) at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant in a private placement to Colonnade Sponsor LLC (the “Sponsor”), generating gross proceeds of $6,000,000, which is described in Note 4.

Transaction costs amounted to $11,597,631, consisting of $4,000,000 of underwriting fees, $7,000,000 of deferred underwriting fees and $597,631 of other offering costs.

Following the closing of the Initial Public Offering on August 25, 2020, an amount of $200,000,000 ($10.00 per Unit) from the net proceeds of the sale of the Units in the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants was placed in a trust account (the “Trust Account”) invested in U.S. government securities, within the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), with a maturity of 185 days or less, or in any open-ended investment company that holds itself out as a money market fund meeting certain conditions of Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act, as determined by the Company, until the earlier of: (i) the completion of a Business Combination and (ii) the distribution of the funds in the Trust Account to the Company’s shareholders, as described below.

The Company’s management has broad discretion with respect to the specific application of the net proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants, although substantially all of the net proceeds are intended to be applied generally toward completing a Business Combination. The Company must complete its initial Business Combination with one or more target businesses that together have a fair market value equal to at least 80% of the net assets held in the Trust Account (excluding the amount of any deferred underwriting commissions held in the Trust Account) at the time of the agreement to enter into a Business Combination. The Company will only complete a Business Combination if the post-Business Combination company owns or acquires 50% or more of the issued and outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires a controlling interest in the target business sufficient for it not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to successfully effect a Business Combination.

The Company will provide its shareholders with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Public Shares upon the completion of a Business Combination either (i) in connection with a shareholder meeting called to approve the Business Combination or (ii) by means of a tender offer. The decision as to whether the Company will seek shareholder approval of a Business Combination or conduct a tender offer will be made by the Company. The shareholders will be entitled to redeem their shares for a pro rata portion of the amount held in the Trust Account (initially $10.00 per share), calculated as of two business days prior to the completion of a Business Combination, including any pro rata interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to the Company to pay its tax obligations. There will be no redemption rights upon the completion of a Business Combination with respect to the Company’s warrants.

If the Company seeks shareholder approval, the Company will complete a Business Combination only if it receives an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law approving a Business Combination, which requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shareholders who vote at a general meeting of the Company. If a shareholder vote is not required under applicable law or stock exchange listing requirements and the Company does not decide to hold a shareholder vote for business or other reasons, the Company will, pursuant to its Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, conduct the redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and file tender offer documents containing substantially the same information as would be included in a proxy statement with the SEC prior to completing a Business Combination. If the Company seeks shareholder approval in connection with a Business Combination, the Sponsor has agreed to vote its Founder Shares (as defined in Note 5) and any Public Shares purchased in or after the Initial Public Offering in favor of approving a Business Combination and to waive its redemption rights with respect to any such shares in connection with a shareholder vote to approve a Business Combination. However, in no event will the Company redeem its Public Shares in an amount that would cause its net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001. In such case, the Company would not proceed with the redemption of its Public Shares and the related Business Combination, and instead may search for an alternate Business Combination. Additionally, each public shareholder may elect to redeem its Public Shares, without voting, and if they do vote, irrespective of whether they vote for or against a proposed Business Combination.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company seeks shareholder approval of a Business Combination and it does not conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules, the Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association provides that a public shareholder, together with any affiliate of such shareholder or any other person with whom such shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), will be restricted from redeeming its shares with respect to more than an aggregate of 20% of the Public Shares without the Company’s prior written consent.

The Sponsor has agreed (a) to waive its redemption rights with respect to any Founder Shares and Public Shares held by it in connection with the completion of a Business Combination and (b) not to propose an amendment to the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (i) to modify the substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to redeem 100% of the Public Shares if the Company does not complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period (as defined below) or (ii) with respect to any other provision relating to shareholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity, unless the Company provides the public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their Public Shares in conjunction with any such amendment and (iii) to waive its rights to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to the Founder Shares if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination.

The Company will have until August 25, 2022 (the “Combination Period”) to complete a Business Combination. If the Company is unable to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period, the Company will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but no more than 10 business days thereafter, redeem 100% of the outstanding Public Shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned (less taxes payable and up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding Public Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidation distributions, if any), and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of the remaining shareholders and the Company’s board of directors, dissolve and liquidate, subject in each case to its obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law.

The Sponsor has agreed to waive its liquidation rights with respect to the Founder Shares if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period. However, if the Sponsor acquires Public Shares in or after the Initial Public Offering, such Public Shares will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period. The underwriters have agreed to waive their rights to their deferred underwriting commission (see Note 6) held in the Trust Account in the event the Company does not complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period and, in such event, such amounts will be included with the funds held in the Trust Account that will be available to fund the redemption of the Public Shares. In the event of such distribution, it is possible that the per share value of the assets remaining available for distribution will be less than the Initial Public Offering price per Unit ($10.00).

The Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to the Company, if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to the Company, or by a prospective target business with which the Company has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or other similar agreement or business combination agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below the lesser of (1) $10.00 per Public Share and (2) the actual amount per Public Share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $10.00 per Public Share due to reductions in the value of trust assets, less taxes payable. This liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business who executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the Trust Account nor will it apply to any claims under the Company’s indemnity of the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Moreover, in the event that an executed waiver is deemed to be unenforceable against a third party, the Sponsor will not be responsible to the extent of any liability for such third-party claims. The Company will seek to reduce the possibility that the Sponsor will have to indemnify the Trust Account due to claims of creditors by endeavoring to have all vendors, service providers (other than the Company’s independent public accountants), prospective target businesses or other entities with which the Company does business, execute agreementsmerger with the Company waiving any right, title, interest or claim(the “Colonnade Merger”) pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of any kind in or to monies held in the Trust Account.

Risks and Uncertainties

Management continues to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and has concluded that while it is reasonably possible that the virus could have a negative effect on the Company’s financial position, results of its operations and/or search for a target company, the specific impact is not readily determinableMerger (the “Colonnade Merger Agreement”) dated as of the dateDecember 21, 2020, details of these consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Liquidity and Going Concern

As of December 31, 2020, the Company had $697,957 in its operating bank accounts, $200,061,054 in securities held in the Trust Account to be used for a Business Combination or to repurchase or redeem its ordinary shares in connection therewith and working capital deficit of $1,336,251. As of December 31, 2020, approximately $61,000 of the amount on deposit in the Trust Account represented interest income, which is available to pay the Company’s tax obligations.

Until the consummation of a Business Combination, the Company will be using the funds not held in the Trust Account for identifying and evaluating prospective acquisition candidates, performing due diligence on prospective target businesses, paying for travel expenditures, selecting the target business to acquire, and structuring, negotiating and consummating the Business Combination.

The Company will need to raise additional capital through loans or additional investments from its Sponsor, stockholders, officers, directors, or third parties. The Company’s officers, directors and Sponsor may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds, from time to time or at any time, in whatever amount they deem reasonable in their sole discretion, to meet the Company’s working capital needs. Accordingly, the Company may not be able to obtain additional financing. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital, it may be required to take additional measures to conserve liquidity, which could include, but not necessarily be limited to, curtailing operations, suspending the pursuit of a potential transaction, and reducing overhead expenses. The Company cannot provide any assurance that new financing will be available to it on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern through August 25, 2022, the deadline to complete a Business Combination pursuant to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (unless otherwise amended by stockholders). These financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recovery of the recorded assets or the classification of the liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

included below.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority owned subsidiary where the Company has the ability to exercise control.subsidiaries (all of which are wholly owned) and have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Activities in relation
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Ouster has been actively monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic on a global scale and continues to evaluate the non-controlling interestlong-term impacts on the business while keeping abreast of the latest developments, particularly the variants of the virus, to ensure preparedness for Ouster’s employees and its business. We maintain our commitment to protecting the health and safety of our employees and customers. We continue to adapt and enhance our safety protocols as we follow the guidance from local authorities. The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will directly or indirectly impact the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition, including sales, expenses, reserves and allowances, manufacturing, research and development costs and employee-related amounts, will depend on future events that are uncertain, including as a result of new information that continues to emerge concerning the virus, its variants, the deployment and effectiveness of vaccination roll-outs, vaccination hesitancy, therapeutics, and the actions taken to contain the virus or treat it, as well as the economic impact on local, regional, national and international customers and markets. Thus, the Company is not consideredable to be significant and are, therefore, not presented inestimate the future consequences on its operations, its financial condition, or its liquidity.
Liquidity
The accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Emerging Growth Company

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements of holdinghave been prepared on a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable.going concern basis. The Company has elected not to opt outexperienced recurring losses from operations, and negative cash flows from operations. As of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies,December 31, 2022, the Company ashad an emerging growth company, can adoptaccumulated deficit of approximately $441.9 million.

The Company has historically financed its operations primarily through the new or revised standard atColonnade Merger and related transactions, the time private companies adoptsale of convertible notes, equity securities, proceeds from debt and, to a lesser extent, cash received from sales. Management expects significant operating losses and negative cash flows from operations to continue for the new or revised standard. This may make comparisonforeseeable future. The Company expects to continue investing in product development and sales and marketing activities. The long-term continuation of the Company’s business plan is dependent upon the generation of sufficient revenues from its products to offset expenses. In the event that the Company does not generate sufficient cash flows from operations and is unable to obtain funding, the Company will be forced to delay, reduce, or eliminate some or all of its discretionary
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spending, which could adversely affect the Company’s business prospects, ability to meet long-term liquidity needs or ability to continue operations.
The Company has concluded that it has sufficient capital to fund its obligations after closing the Velodyne Merger (as defined below, for additional information, Note 18), as they become due, in the ordinary course of business for at least one year from the date these consolidated financial statements are available for issuance.
Merger Agreement with another public company which is neitherVelodyne Lidar, Inc.
On November 4, 2022, the Company entered into an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted outAgreement and Plan of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible becauseMerger (the “Velodyne Merger Agreement”) with Velodyne Lidar, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Velodyne”), Oban Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and one of the potential differencesCompany’s direct, wholly owned subsidiaries (“Velodyne Merger Sub I”) and Oban Merger Sub II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and one of the Company’s direct, wholly owned subsidiaries (“Velodyne Merger Sub II”).
On February 10, 2023, the Company completed the merger of equals with Velodyne pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger with Velodyne, Merger Sub I and Merger Sub II (the “Velodyne Merger”). In connection with the closing of the Velodyne Merger, the Company and Velodyne now operate as a single combined company.
Merger Agreement with Colonnade Acquisition Corp. and Beam Merger Sub, Inc.
On December 21, 2020, OTI entered into the Colonnade Merger Agreement with CLA and Beam Merger Sub, Inc. (“Merger Sub”), a Delaware corporation and subsidiary of CLA. OTI’s board of directors unanimously approved OTI’s entry into the Colonnade Merger Agreement, and on March 11, 2021, the transactions contemplated by the Colonnade Merger Agreement were consummated. Pursuant to the terms of the Colonnade Merger Agreement, (i) CLA domesticated as a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware and changed its name to “Ouster, Inc.” and (ii) Merger Sub merged with and into OTI (such transactions contemplated by the Colonnade Merger Agreement, the “Colonnade Merger”), with OTI surviving the Colonnade Merger.
As a result of the Colonnade Merger, among other things, (1) each of the then issued and outstanding 5,000,000 CLA Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, of CLA (the “CLA Class B ordinary shares”) converted automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into a CLA Class A ordinary share (as defined below), (2) immediately following the conversion described in clause (1), each of the then issued and outstanding 25,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, of CLA (the “CLA Class A ordinary shares”), converted automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into a share of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of Ouster (the “Ouster common stock”), (3) each of the then issued and outstanding 10,000,000 redeemable warrants of CLA (the “CLA warrants”) converted automatically into a redeemable warrant to purchase one share of Ouster common stock (the “Public warrants”) pursuant to the Warrant Agreement, dated August 20, 2020 (the “Warrant Agreement”), between CLA and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (“Continental”), as warrant agent, and (4) each of the then issued and outstanding units of CLA that had not been previously separated into the underlying CLA Class A ordinary shares and underlying CLA warrants upon the request of the holder thereof (the “CLA units”), were cancelled and entitled the holder thereof to one share of Ouster common stock and one-half of one Public warrant, and (5) each of the then issued and outstanding 6,000,000 private placement warrants of CLA (the “Private Placement warrants”) converted automatically into a Public warrant pursuant to the Warrant Agreement. No fractional Public warrants were issued upon separation of the CLA units.
Immediately prior to the effective time of the Colonnade Merger, (1) each share of OTI’s Series B Preferred Stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the “OTI Preferred Stock”), converted into one share of common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, of OTI (the “OTI common stock” and, together with OTI Preferred Stock, the “OTI Capital Stock”) (such conversion, the “OTI Preferred Conversion”) and (2) all of the outstanding warrants to purchase shares of OTI Capital Stock were exercised in full or terminated in accordance with their respective terms (the “OTI Warrant Settlement”).
As a result of and upon the closing of the Colonnade Merger, among other things, all shares of OTI Capital Stock (after giving effect to the OTI Warrant Settlement) outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Colonnade Merger together with shares of OTI common stock reserved in respect of options to purchase shares of OTI common stock and restricted shares of OTI common stock (together, the “OTI Awards”) outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Colonnade Merger that were converted into awards based on Ouster common stock, were cancelled in exchange for the right to receive, or the reservation of, an aggregate of 150,000,000 shares of Ouster common stock (at a deemed value of $10.00 per share), which, in the case of OTI Awards, were shares underlying awards based on Ouster common stock, representing a fully-diluted pre-transaction. Upon closing of the Colonnade Merger, the Company received gross proceeds of $299.9 million from the Colonnade Merger and private offering, offset by $8.5 million of pre-merger costs relating to CLA and offerings costs of $26.6 million.
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The Colonnade Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization under US GAAP. Under this method of accounting, standards used.

CLA is treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. This determination is primarily based on OTI stockholders comprising a relative majority of the voting power of the Company and having the ability to nominate the members of the board of directors of the Company after the Colonnade Merger, OTI’s operations prior to the Colonnade Merger comprising the only ongoing operations of the Company following the Colonnade Merger, and OTI’s senior management prior to the Colonnade Merger comprising a majority of the senior management of the Company following the Colonnade Merger. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the financial statements of the Company represent a continuation of the financial statements of OTI with the Colonnade Merger being treated as the equivalent of OTI issuing stock for the net assets of CLA, accompanied by a recapitalization whereby no goodwill or other intangible assets are recorded. Transactions and balances prior to the Colonnade Merger are those of OTI. The shares and net loss per share available to holders of OTI’s common stock prior to the Colonnade Merger have been retroactively restated as shares reflecting the exchange ratio established in the Colonnade Merger Agreement.

PIPE Investment
On December 21, 2020, concurrently with the execution of the Colonnade Merger Agreement, CLA entered into subscription agreements with certain institutional and accredited investors (collectively, the “PIPE Investors”), pursuant to which the PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, in the aggregate, 10,000,000 shares of Ouster common stock at $10.00 per share for an aggregate commitment amount of $100,000,000 (the “PIPE Investment”), a portion of which was funded by certain affiliates of Colonnade Sponsor LLC, CLA’s sponsor (the “Sponsor”). The PIPE Investment was consummated substantially concurrently with the closing of the Colonnade Merger.
At the Market Issuance Sales Agreement
On April 29, 2022, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “ATM Agreement”) with B. Riley Securities, Inc., Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. and Oppenheimer & Co. Inc., pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through or to the agents, acting as agent or principal, shares of the Company’s common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $150.0 million under the Company’s Form S-3 registration statement. From the date of the ATM Agreement through December 31, 2022, the Company sold 7,833,709 shares at a weighted-average sales price of $2.08 per share, resulting in cumulative gross proceeds to the Company totaling approximately $16.8 million before deducting offering costs, sales commissions and fees.
Loan and Security Agreement
On April 29, 2022, the Company entered into the Loan and Security Agreement (as amended by the First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2022, the Consent and Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2022 (the “Second Amendment”), and the Third Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of February 10, 2023 (the “Third Amendment”), the “Loan Agreement”) with Hercules Capital, Inc. as administrative agent and collateral agent (“Hercules”). The Loan Agreement provides the Company with a term loan of up to $50.0 million, subject to terms and conditions. The Company borrowed the initial tranche of $20.0 million on April 29, 2022. On October 17, 2022, the Company borrowed an additional $20.0 million.
For additional information, see Note 7. Debt.
Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of incomerevenue and expenses during the reporting period.

Makingreported periods. The most significant estimates requires managementincluded in these consolidated financial statements are the useful lives of long-lived assets, revenue recognition, sales return reserve, inventory write downs, the realizability of deferred tax assets, the measurement of stock-based compensation, and the valuation of the Company’s various financial instruments. The complexity of the estimation process and factors relating to exerciseassumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent with the use of the estimates affect the amount of revenue and related expenses reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Internal and external factors can affect the Company’s estimates. Actual results could differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

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Business Combinations
Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method. The Company recognizes the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations on the basis of their fair values at the date of acquisition. The Company assesses the fair value of assets acquired, including intangible assets, and liabilities assumed using a variety of methods. Each asset acquired and liability assumed is measured at fair value from the perspective of a market participant. The method used to estimate the fair values of intangible assets incorporates significant judgment. Itestimates and assumptions regarding the estimates a market participant would make in order to evaluate an asset, including a market participant’s use of the asset, future cash inflows and outflows, probabilities of success, asset lives, and the appropriate discount rates. Any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired is allocated to goodwill. Transaction costs and restructuring costs associated with a business combination are expensed as incurred.
During the measurement period, which extends no later than one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record certain adjustments to the carrying value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. After the measurement period, all adjustments are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations within other income (expense), net.
Foreign Currencies
The functional currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of the Company’s wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries is generally the same as the entity’s local currency. Accordingly, the asset and liability accounts of our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars using the current exchange rate in effect at least reasonably possible that the estimatebalance sheet date and equity accounts are translated into U.S. dollars using historical rates. The revenues and expenses are translated using the weighted-average exchange rates in effect during the period, and gains and losses from foreign currency translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded in other comprehensive loss in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are a result of the effect of exchange rate changes on transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Segment Information
The Company operates as one reportable and operating segment, which relates to the sale and production of lidar sensor kits. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is its chief executive officer, who reviews financial information presented on a condition, situationconsolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance and allocating resources. The profitability of the Company’s product group is not a determining factor in allocating resources and the CODM does not evaluate profitability below the level of the consolidated company.
Revenue Recognition
In accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised products or setservices. The amount of circumstancesrevenue recognized reflects the consideration that existedthe Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these products or services. To achieve the core principle of this standard, the Company performs the following five steps:
1) Identify the contract with a customer
The Company considers the terms and conditions of revenue contracts and its customary business practices in identifying contracts with its customers. It is determined that a contract with a customer exists when the contract is approved, each party’s rights regarding the product or services to be transferred and the payment terms for the product or services can be identified, it is determined that the customer has the ability and intent to pay and the contract has commercial substance. The Company applies judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intent to pay, which is based on a variety of factors, including the customer’s historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, credit and financial information pertaining to the customer. Accounts receivable are due under normal trade terms, typically three months or less.
2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract
Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the product or services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the product or service
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either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the product or services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. The Company’s performance obligations consist of (i) sale of lidar sensor kits and (ii) product development and validation services. Amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling are classified as revenue, and the Company has elected to recognize the cost of shipping activities that occur after control has transferred to the customer as a fulfillment cost rather than a separate performance obligation. All related shipping costs are accrued and recognized within cost of revenue when the related revenue is recognized.
3) Determine the transaction price
The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring product or services to the customer. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if the Company judges that it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. The Company does not have a material amount of variable consideration in its agreements with customers. None of the Company’s contracts contain a significant financing component. All taxes assessed by a governmental authority on a specific revenue-producing transaction collected by the Company from a customer are excluded from the transaction price. The Company’s general terms and conditions for its contracts do not contain a right of return that allows the customer to return products and receive a credit.
4) Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract
If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price (“SSP”). In 2022, 2021 and 2020 the Company did not have a material volume of contracts that required the allocation of transaction price to multiple performance obligations.
5) Recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation
Revenue is recognized at the datetime the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring the promised product or service to a customer. Revenue is recognized when control of products or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. The Company generates all of its revenue from contracts with customers and applies judgment in identifying and evaluating any terms and conditions in contracts which may impact revenue recognition. Revenue is recognized at a point in time when control of the financial statements, which managementgoods is transferred to the customer, generally occurring upon shipment. Product sales to certain customers may require customer acceptance due to performance acceptance criteria that is considered more than a formality. For these product sales, revenue is recognized upon the expiration of the customer acceptance period. The obligation to provide services is generally satisfied over time, with the customer simultaneously receiving and consuming the benefits as the Company satisfies its performance obligations. For these service projects, the Company bills and recognizes revenue as the services are performed. For these arrangements, control is transferred to the customer as the Company’s inputs incurred to complete the project; therefore, revenue is recognized over the service period with the measure of progress using the input method based on labor costs incurred to total labor cost (cost-to-cost) as the services are provided. Revenue from services that were recognized over time were not material to date.
Costs to obtain a contract
The Company expenses the incremental costs of obtaining a contract when incurred because the amortization period for these costs would be less than one year. These costs primarily relate to sales commissions and are expensed as incurred in formulating its estimate, could changesales and marketing expense in the near term dueCompany’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The incremental cost of obtaining a contract for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $2.9 million, $2.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
Right of return
The Company’s general terms and conditions for its contracts do not contain a right of return that allows the customer to onereturn products and receive a credit, however it has in practice permitted returns of its sensor kits in limited circumstances. Allowances for sales returns, which reduce revenue, are estimated using historical experience and were immaterial as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Actual returns in subsequent periods have been consistent with estimated amounts.
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Remaining performance obligations
Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied, or more future confirming events.partially unsatisfied at the reporting date. The composition of unsatisfied performance obligations consists mainly of the Company’s deferred extended warranty services, and to a lesser extent, deferred product revenue and development and validation services for which the Company has an obligation to perform, and has not yet recognized as revenue in the consolidated financial statements.
The following table presents the breakdown of remaining performance obligations (in thousands):

December 31,
20222021
Current$224 $172 
Noncurrent342 47 
Total$566 $219 
Net loss per common share
The Company follows the two-class method when computing net loss per common share. The two-class method determines net loss per common share for common and participating securities according to dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method requires income available to common stockholders for the period to be allocated between common and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all income for the period had been distributed.
Basic net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss attributable to common stockholders is computed by adjusting net loss attributable to common stockholders to reallocate undistributed earnings based on the potential impact of dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the diluted net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, including potential dilutive common shares assuming the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents.
The Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock contractually entitles the holders of such shares to participate in dividends but does not contractually require the holders of such shares to participate in losses of the Company. Accordingly, in periods in which the actual results could differ significantlyCompany reports a net loss, such losses are not allocated to such participating securities. In periods in which the Company reports a net loss attributable to common stockholders, diluted net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders is the same as basic net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders, since dilutive common shares are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive. The Company reported a net loss attributable to common stockholders for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss is comprised of net loss and other comprehensive income (loss). The Company’s foreign currency translation adjustment is the only component of other comprehensive loss that is excluded from those estimates.

the reported net loss for all periods presented.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all short-termhighly liquid investments with an original maturity from the date of purchase of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash deposited with banks and a money market account.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash consists of certificates of deposit held by banks as security for outstanding letters of credit.
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Accounts Receivable
Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company did notmaintains an allowance for expected credit losses representing its best estimate of expected credit losses related to its existing accounts receivable and their net realizable value. The allowance is determined using a combination of factors including historical losses adjusted to take into account current market conditions and customers’ financial condition, the amount of receivables in dispute, and the current receivables aging and current payment patterns. The Company writes off accounts receivable against the allowance after all means of collection have any cash equivalentsbeen exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.
Changes in the Company’s allowance for expected credit losses were as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
Beginning balance$507 $128 $117 
Provisions346 379 67 
Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries— — (56)
Ending balance$853 $507 $128 
Inventory
Inventory consists primarily of December 31, 2020.

Marketable Securities Heldraw materials, work-in-process, and finished goods and is stated at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. Costs are computed under the standard cost method, which approximates actual costs determined on the first-in, first-out basis. The Company charges cost of revenue for write-downs of inventories which are obsolete or in Trust Account

At December 31, 2020, substantially allexcess of anticipated demand based on purchase commitments, production needed to fulfil the warranty obligations, consideration of product marketability and product development plans, historical revenue and assumptions about future demand and market conditions.

Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Upon disposition, the cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the accounts and resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statement of income. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets held(see Note 5).
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company evaluates events and changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of long-lived assets, including intangible assets, may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances occur, the Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the total of the future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of those assets, the Company records an impairment charge in the Trust Account were heldperiod in money market funds, which primarily invest in U.S. Treasury Bills.

Class A Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption

The Company accounts for its Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” Class A ordinary shares subject to mandatory redemption are classified as a liability instrument and are measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable ordinary shares (including ordinary shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) are classified as temporary equity. At all other times, ordinary shares are classified as shareholders’ equity. The Company’s Class A ordinary shares feature certain redemption rights thatsuch determination is made. If such assets are considered to be outsideimpaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the Company’s control and subject to occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption are presented at redemptionassets exceeds the fair value as temporary equity, outside of the shareholders’ equity sectionassets.

Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the Company’s balance sheet.

Income Taxes

purchase price over the fair value of net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated at least annually for impairment or when a change in facts and circumstances indicate that the fair value of the goodwill may be below the carrying value.

Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Examples of such events or circumstances include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in legal or business climate, an adverse regulatory action or unanticipated competition. The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). ASC 740 requireshas determined that it operates in a single operating segment and has a single reporting unit.
Prior to performing the recognitionimpairment test, the Company assesses qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of deferred tax assets and liabilities for both the expected impact of differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities and for the expected future tax benefit to be derived from tax loss and tax credit carry forwards. ASC 740 additionally requires a valuation allowance to be established whenevents or circumstances would indicate that it is more likely than not that allthe fair value of the reporting unit was less than the carrying amount. If after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company were to determine that it is
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more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount, then the Company would perform a portionquantitative impairment test.
The quantitative impairment test involves comparing the fair value of deferred taxthe reporting unit to the carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the net assets, willgoodwill is not be realized.

ASC 740 also clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefitsimpaired, and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of December 31, 2020. The Companyfurther testing is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception.

The Company is considered an exempted Cayman Islands Company and is presently not subject to income taxes or income tax filing requirements inrequired. If the Cayman Islands or the United States. As such, the Company’s tax provision was zero for the periods presented.

Net Income (Loss) Per Ordinary Share

Net income (loss) per ordinary share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. The Company has not considered the effectfair value of the warrants sold inreporting unit is less than the Public Offering and Private Placement to purchase an aggregatecarrying value, the Company measures the amount of 16,000,000 shares inimpairment loss, if any, as the calculation of diluted loss per share, since the exerciseexcess of the warrants are contingent uponcarrying value over the occurrencefair value of future events and the inclusion of such warrants would be anti-dilutive.

The Company’s statement of operations includes a presentation of income (loss) per share for Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption in a manner similar to the two-class method of income (loss) per ordinary share. Net income (loss) per ordinary share, basic and diluted, for Class A Ordinary shares subject to possible redemption is calculated by dividing the proportionate share of income or loss on marketable securities held by the Trust Account by the weighted average number of Class A Ordinary shares subject to possible redemption outstanding since original issuance.

Net income (loss) per share, basic and diluted, for non-redeemable ordinary shares is calculated by dividing the net loss, adjusted for income or loss on marketable securities attributable to Class A Ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, by the weighted average number of non-redeemable ordinary shares outstanding for the period.

Non-redeemable ordinary shares include Founder Shares and non-redeemable ordinary shares as these shares do not have any redemption features. Non-redeemable ordinary shares participate in the income or loss on marketable securities based on non-redeemable ordinary shares’ proportionate interest.

The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share (in dollars, except per share amounts):

   

For
Period from

June 4, 2020

(inception)

through

December 31,

 
   2020 

Class A Ordinary shares subject to possible redemption

  

Numerator: Earnings allocable to Class A Ordinary shares subject to possible redemption

  

Interest income

  $54,051 

Unrealized gain on investments held in Trust Account

   2,931 
  

 

 

 

Net income allocable to Class A Ordinary shares subject to possible redemption

  $56,982 
  

 

 

 

Denominator: Weighted Average Class A Ordinary shares subject to possible redemption

  

Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding

   18,938,199 
  

 

 

 

Basic and diluted net income per share

  $0.00 
  

 

 

 

Non-Redeemable Ordinary Shares

  

Numerator: Net Loss minus Net Earnings

  

Net loss

  $(2,702,566

Less: Net income allocable to Class A Ordinary shares subject to possible redemption

   (56,982
  

 

 

 

Non-Redeemable Net Loss

  $(2,759,548
  

 

 

 

Denominator: Weighted Average Non-Redeemable Ordinary Shares

  

Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding

   6,150,329 
  

 

 

 

Basic and diluted net loss per share

  $(0.45) 
  

 

 

 

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit riskreporting unit.

Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consist of developed technology, vendor relationship and customer relationships. Acquired intangible assets are initially recorded at the acquisition-date fair value. Intangible assets are amortized on a cash account in a financial institution which, at times may exceed the Federal Depository Insurance Coverage of $250,000. As of December 31, 2020, the Company has not experienced losses on this account and management believes the Company is not exposedstraight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, generally 3 to significant risks on such account.

8 years.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company applies the fair value measurement accounting standard whenever other accounting pronouncements require or permit fair value measurements. Fair value is defined in the accounting standard as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy is based on inputs to valuation techniques that are used to measure fair value that are either observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing based upon their own market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy consists of the Company’s assetsfollowing three levels:
Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
Level 3 - Instruments whose significant value drivers are unobservable.
Warrant Liabilities
Warrant liabilities which qualify as financial instruments under ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet, primarily due to their short-term nature.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 3. INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING

Pursuant to the Initial Public Offering, the Company sold 20,000,000 Units, at a purchase priceconsist of $10.00 per Unit. Each Unit consists of one Class A ordinary share and one-half of one redeemable warrant (“Public Warrant”). Each whole Public Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one Class A ordinary share at an exercise price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment (see Note 7).

NOTE 4. PRIVATE PLACEMENT

Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Sponsor purchased an aggregate of 6,000,000 Private Placement Warrants at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, for an aggregate purchase price of $6,000,000. Each Private Placement Warrant is exercisable for one Class A ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment (see Note 7). The proceeds from the sale of the Private Placement Warrants were added to the net proceeds from the Initial Public Offering held in the Trust Account. If the Company does not complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period, the proceeds from the sale of the Private Placement Warrants held in the Trust Account will be used to fund the redemption of the Public Shares (subject to the requirements of applicable law) and the Private Placement Warrants will expire worthless.

NOTE 5. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Founder Shares

On June 30, 2020, the Sponsor paid an aggregate of $25,000 to cover certain offering costs of the Company in consideration for 5,750,000 of the Company’s Class B ordinary shares (the “Founder Shares”). The Founder Shares included an aggregate of up to 750,000 shares that were subject to forfeiture by the Sponsor to the extent that the underwriters’ over-allotment was not exercised in full or in part, so that the number of Founder Shares would collectively represent 20% of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering. On October 9, 2020, the underwriters’ election to exercise their over-allotment option expired unexercised, resulting in the forfeiture of 750,000 Founder Shares. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2020, there are 5,000,000 Founder Shares issued and outstanding (see Note 7).

The Sponsor has agreed, subject to limited exceptions, not to transfer, assign or sell any of its Founder Shares until the earlier to occur of: (A) one year after the completion of a Business Combination; and (B) subsequent to a Business Combination, (x) if the closing price of the Class A ordinary shares equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for share sub-divisions, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 150 days after a Business Combination, or (y) the date on which the Company completes a liquidation, merger, amalgamation, share exchange, reorganization

or other similar transaction that results in all of the Company’s shareholders having the right to exchange their Class A ordinary shares for cash, securities or other property.

Administrative Services Agreement

The Company entered into an agreement whereby, commencing on August 21, 2020, the Company will pay the Sponsor $10,000 per month for office space, utilities, secretarial and administrative support services. Upon completion of a Business Combination or its liquidation, the Company will cease paying these monthly fees. For the period from June 4, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020, the Company incurred and paid $40,000 of such fees.

Due to Sponsor

The Sponsor advanced $600,000 to the Company in anticipation of the amount to be paid for the purchase of additional Private Placement Units in the event the underwriters’ exercised their over-allotment option. The advance was due on demand should the over-allotment option not be exercised by the underwriters. On September 23, 2020, the $600,000 was returned to the Sponsor as the over-allotment option was not exercised.

Promissory Note – Related Party

On June 30, 2020, the Sponsor agreed to loan the Company up to an aggregate amount of $300,000 to be used, in part, for transaction costs incurred in connection with the Initial Public Offering (the “Promissory Note”). The Promissory Note was non-interest bearing and payable on the earlier of (i) December 31, 2020 and (ii) the completion of the Initial Public Offering. The outstanding balance under the Note of $126,005 was repaid at the closing of the Initial Public Offering on August 25, 2020.

Related Party Loans

In order to finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination, the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor, or certain of the Company’s officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds as may be required (“Working Capital Loans”). Such Working Capital Loans would be evidenced by promissory notes. The notes may be repaid upon completion of a Business Combination, without interest, or, at the lender’s discretion, up to $1,500,000 of the notes may be converted upon completion of a Business Combination into warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant. Such warrants would be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. In the event that a Business Combination does not close, the Company may use a portion of proceeds held outside the Trust Account to repay the Working Capital Loans but no proceeds held in the Trust Account would be used to repay the Working Capital Loans.

NOTE 6. COMMITMENTS

Registration Rights

Pursuant to a registration rights agreement entered into on August 20, 2020, the holders of the Founder Shares, Private Placement Warrants and warrants that may be issued upon conversion of the Working Capital Loans (and any Class A ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of the Private Placement Warrants and warrants that may be issued upon conversion of Working Capital Loans and upon conversion of the Founder Shares) are entitled to registration rights requiring the Company to register a sale of any of the securities held by them, including any other securities of the Company acquired by them prior to the consummation of the Company’s initial Business Combination. The holders of these securities will be entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that the Company register such securities. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to the completion of a Business Combination. The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.

Underwriting Agreement

The underwriters are entitled to a deferred fee of $0.35 per Unit, or $7,000,000 in the aggregate. A portion of such amount not to exceed 40% of the total amount of deferred underwriting commissions held in the Trust Account may be paid at the sole discretion of the Company to parties who may or may not participate in the Initial Public Offering (but who are members of FINRA) that assist the Company in consummating a Business Combination. The election to make such payments to such parties will be solely at the discretion of the Company’s management team. The deferred fee will become payable to the underwriters from the amounts held in the Trust Account solely in the event that the Company completes a Business Combination, subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement.

Advisory and Consulting Agreements

On December 4, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement with a service provider, pursuant to which the service provider will serve as the placement agent for the Company in connection with a proposed private placement (the “Proposed Transaction”) of the Company’s equity or equity-linked securities (the “Equity Securities”). The Company agreed to pay the service provider a cash fee of equal to 50% of 3.5% of the gross proceeds of the total fair market of the Equity Securities sold in the Proposed Transaction subject to a minimum fee of $1,000,000 and reimbursable expenses not to exceed $50,000 without the Company’s prior written consent. As of December 31, 2020, no amounts were incurred under this agreement.

On December 4, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement with a service provider, pursuant to which the service provider will serve as media relations, due diligence, and transaction prep for the Company in connection with a proposed business combination. The Company agreed to pay the service provider a cash fee of (i) $15,000 per month until the consummation of a Business Combination, (ii) $200,000 payable only upon consummation of a Business Combination and (iii) a discretionary performance bonus in the amount of $200,000 upon the consummation of the Business Combination, at the sole discretion of the Company. As of December 31, 2020, the Company incurred $4,839 under this agreement, of which is included in accrued expenses in the accompanying balance sheet.

On December 5, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement with a service provider, pursuant to which the service provider will serve as the co-placement agent for the Company in connection with a proposed private placement (the “Transaction”) of the Company’s equity or equity-linked securities (the “Securities”). The Company agreed to pay the service provider a cash fee of $2,800,000, payable at the closing of the Business Combination and a cash fee equal to 50% of 3.5% of the gross proceeds of the total Securities sold in the Transaction subject to a minimum fee of $2,200,000. As of December 31, 2020, no amounts were incurred under this agreement.

Merger Agreement

On December 21, 2020, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), with Merger Sub and Ouster, relating to a proposed business combination transaction between the Company and Ouster.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into Ouster, the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub will cease and Ouster will be the surviving corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger”) and will be renamed Ouster Inc.

As a result of the Merger, among other things, all outstanding shares of capital stock of Ouster will be cancelled in exchange for the right to receive, in the aggregate, a number of shares of Ouster PubCo common stock (as defined in the Merger Agreement) equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) $1,500,000,000 by (y) $10.00.

The Merger Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants by the parties thereto and the closing is subject to certain conditions as further described in the Merger Agreement.

NOTE 7. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Preference Shares—The Company is authorized to issue 1,000,000 preference shares with a par value of $0.0001. The Company’s board of directors will be authorized to fix the voting rights, if any, designations, powers, preferences, the relative, participating, optional or other special rights and any qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, applicable to the shares of each series. The board of directors will be able to, without shareholder approval, issue preference shares with voting and other rights that could adversely affect the voting power and other rights of the holders of the ordinary shares and could have anti-takeover effects. At December 31, 2020, there were no preference shares issued or outstanding.

Class A Ordinary Shares—The Company is authorized to issue 200,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Holders of Class A ordinary shares are entitled to one vote for each share. At December 31, 2020, there were 1,333,219 Class A ordinary shares issued and outstanding, excluding 18,666,781 Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption.

Class B Ordinary Shares—The Company is authorized to issue 20,000,000 Class B ordinary shares, with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Holders of the Class B ordinary shares are entitled to one vote for each share. At December 31, 2020, there were 5,000,000 Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding.

Only holders of the Class B ordinary shares will have the right to vote on the election of directors prior to the Business Combination. Holders of Class A ordinary shares and holders of Class B ordinary shares will vote together as a single class on all other matters submitted to a vote of the Company’s shareholders except as otherwise required by law.

The Class B ordinary shares will automatically convert into Class A ordinary shares concurrently with or immediately following the completion of a Business Combination on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment. In the case that additional Class A ordinary shares or equity-linked securities are issued or deemed issued in connection with a Business Combination, the number of Class A ordinary shares issuable upon conversion of all Founder Shares will equal, in the aggregate, 20% of the total number of Class A ordinary shares outstanding after such conversion (after giving effect to any redemptions of Class A ordinary shares by public shareholders), including the total number of Class A ordinary shares issued, or deemed issued or issuable upon conversion or exercise of any equity-linked securities or rights issued or deemed issued, by the Company in connection with or in relation to the consummation of a Business Combination, excluding any Class A ordinary shares or equity-linked securities exercisable for or convertible into Class A ordinary shares issued, or to be issued, to any seller in a Business Combination and any Private Placement Warrants issued to the Sponsor, officers or directors upon conversion of Working Capital Loans; provided that such conversion of Founder Shares will never occur on a less than one-for-one basis.

Warrants—Public Warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares. No fractional warrants will be issued upon separation of the Units and only whole warrants will trade. The Public Warrants will become exercisable on the later of (a) 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination and (b) 12 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering. The Public Warrants will expire five years from the completion of a Business Combination, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Company will not be obligated to deliver any Class A ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of a Public Warrant and will have no obligation to settle such Public Warrant exercise unless a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the Class A ordinary shares underlying the warrants is then effective and a prospectus relating thereto is current, subject to the Company satisfying its obligations with respect to registration. No warrant will be exercisable and the Company will not be obligated to issue a Class A ordinary share upon exercise of a warrant unless the Class A ordinary share issuable upon such warrant exercise has been registered, qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the registered holder of the warrants.

The Company has agreed that as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 15 business days after the closing of a Business Combination, it will use its best efforts to file with the SEC a registration statement for the registration, under the Securities Act, of the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants. The Company will use its best efforts to cause the same to become effective and to maintain the effectiveness of such registration statement, and a current prospectus relating thereto, until the expiration of the warrants in accordance with the provisions of the warrant agreement. If a registration statement covering the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants is not effective by the 60th business day after the closing of a Business Combination, warrant holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and during any period when the Company will have failed to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise warrants on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act or another exemption. In addition, if the Class A ordinary shares are at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that they satisfy the definition of a “covered security” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, the Company may, at its option, require holders of the Public Warrants who exercise their warrants to do so on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act and, in the event the Company elects to do so, the Company will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement, but it will use its best efforts to register or qualify the shares under applicable blue sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available.

Once the warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the outstanding Public Warrants:

in whole and not in part;

at a price of $0.01 per Public Warrant;

upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each warrant holder and

if, and only if, the reported closing price of the ordinary shares equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for share splits, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending three business days before the Company send to the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.

If and when the warrants become redeemable by the Company, the Company may exercise its redemption right even if it is unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws.

If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, as described above, its management will have the option to require any holder that wishes to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the warrant agreement. The exercise price and number of ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a share dividend, extraordinary dividend or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, except as described below, the Public Warrants will not be adjusted for issuances of ordinary shares at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the Public Warrants. If the Company is unable to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period and the Company liquidates the funds held in the Trust Account, holders of Public Warrants will not receive any of such funds with respect to their Public Warrants, nor will they receive any distribution from the Company’s assets held outside of the Trust Account with respect to such Public Warrants. Accordingly, the Public Warrants may expire worthless.

In addition, if (x) the Company issues additional Class A ordinary shares or equity-linked securities for capital raising purposes in connection with the closing of a Business Combination at an issue price or effective issue price of less than $9.20 per Class A ordinary share (with such issue price or effective issue price to be determined in good faith by the Company’s board of directors and, in the case of any such issuance to the Sponsor or its affiliates, without taking into account any Founder Shares held by the Sponsor or such affiliates, as applicable, prior to such issuance) (the “Newly Issued Price”), (y) the aggregate gross proceeds from such issuances represent more than 60% of the total equity proceeds, and interest thereon, available for the funding of a Business Combination, and (z) the volume weighted average trading price of the Class A ordinary shares during the 20 trading day period starting on the trading day prior to the day on which the Company consummates a Business Combination (such price, the “Market Value”) is below $9.20 per share, then the exercise price of the warrants will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 115% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price, and the $18.00 per share redemption trigger price will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 180% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price.

The Private Placement Warrantswarrants are identical to the Public Warrants underlying the Units sold in the Initial Public Offering, except that (x) the Private Placement Warrants and the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of the Private Placement Warrants will not be transferable, assignable or salable until 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination, subject to certain limited exceptions, (y) the Private Placement Warrants will be exercisable on a cashless basis and be non-redeemableredeemable for cash so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees and (z) the Private Placement Warrants and the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the Private Placement Warrants willbut may be entitled to registration rights.redeemable for common stock if certain other conditions are met. If the Private Placement Warrantswarrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Placement Warrants will bewarrants are redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders subject to certain conditions, such as the reported closing price of our common stock equaling or exceeding $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading-day period ending three business days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the holders of Private Placement warrants. The Company evaluated the Private Placement warrants and concluded that they do not meet the criteria to be classified within stockholders�� equity. The agreement governing the Private Placement warrants includes a provision, the application of which could result in a different settlement value for the Private Placement warrants depending on their holder. Because the holder of an instrument is not an input into the pricing of a fixed-for-fixed option on the same basisCompany’s ordinary shares, the Private Placement warrants are not considered to be “indexed to the Company’s own stock.” This provision precludes the Company from classifying the Private Placement warrants in stockholders’ equity.

As the Private Placement warrants meet the definition of a derivative, the Company recorded these warrants as liabilities on the Public Warrants.

NOTE 8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company follows the guidance in ASC Topic 820 for its financial assets and liabilities that are re-measured and reportedconsolidated balance sheet at fair value, with subsequent changes in their respective fair values recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss at each reporting period,date.





76

Concentrations of credit risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and non-financial assetsaccounts receivable. Cash, cash equivalents and liabilitiesrestricted cash are deposited with federally insured commercial banks in the U.S. and UK, Hong Kong, China and European Union. At times, cash balances in the U.S. may be in excess of federal insurance limits. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash with financial institutions in US of $123.5 million and $184.2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company also had cash on deposit with financial institutions in countries other than the US of approximately $0.8 million and $0.5 million, respectively, that was not federally insured.
The Company generally does not require collateral or other security deposits for accounts receivable.
To reduce credit risk, the Company considers customer creditworthiness, past transaction history with the customer, current economic industry trends, and changes in customer payment terms when determining the collectability of specific customer accounts. Past due balances over 90 days and other higher risk amounts are re-measuredreviewed individually for collectability. Based on management’s assessment, the Company provides for estimated uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and reported ata credit to valuation allowance. Balances that remain outstanding after the Company has used reasonable collection efforts are written off through a charge to the valuation allowance and a credit to accounts receivable.
Accounts receivable from the Company’s major customers representing 10% or more of total accounts receivable was as follows:
December 31,
20222021
Customer A*11 %
*Customer accounted for less than 10% of total accounts receivable in the period.
There were no customers that accounted for more than 10% of revenue during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Revenue from customer D accounted for approximately 11% of total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2020.
Concentrations of supplier risk
Purchases from the Company’s suppliers and vendors representing 10% or more of total purchases were as follows:

Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
Supplier B28 %20 %15 %

Supplier B accounted for 39% and 55% of total accounts payable balance as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

One professional services vendor accounted for approximately 14% of total accounts payable balance as of December 31, 2022. There were no other vendors that accounted for more than 10% of total accounts payable balance as of December 31, 2021.







77

Stock-based compensation
The Company measures and recognizes stock-based compensation expense for stock-based awards granted to employees, directors, and consultants over the requisite service periods based on the estimated grant date fair value, at least annually.

which for options is using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model using the following variables:

Common Stock Valuation – The fair value of the shares of common stock underlying the Company’s stock-based awards issued after the Colonnade Merger is based on the grant date closing fair market value of the Company’s common stock. Before closing of the Colonnade Merger, the fair value of the shares of common stock underlying the Company’s stock-based awards was historically determined by management and approved by the board of directors. Because there was no public market for the Company’s common stock, the board of directors determined the fair value of the common stock at the time of grant of the option by considering a number of objective and subjective factors, including contemporaneous valuations performed by an unrelated third-party specialist, valuations of comparable public companies, operating and financial performance, the lack of liquidity of capital stock, and general and industry-specific economic outlook. Valuations performed by the third-party valuation specialist used methodologies, approaches, and assumptions consistent with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Accounting and Valuation Guide, Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation (“AICPA” Accounting and Valuation Guide). In relation to options, the Board intends all options granted to be exercisable at a price per share not less than the per share fair value of the common stock underlying those options on the date of grant.
Expected Term – The expected term represents the period that the Company’s stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding and is determined using the simplified method, which deems the term to be the average of the time to vesting and the contractual life of the options.
Expected Volatility – The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility for the period commensurate with the expected term of the awards for a peer group of comparable companies with publicly traded shares.
Expected Dividends – The Company does not currently pay cash dividends on its common stock and does not anticipate doing so in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the expected dividend yield is 0%.
Risk-Free Interest Rate – The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield for a term consistent with the expected life of the awards in effect at the time of grant.
The fair values of the restricted stock awards and restricted stock units were determined based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. The Company’s policy for issuing stock upon stock option exercise is to issue new common stock.
Income taxes
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities reflects management’s estimateand net operating loss (NOL) and tax credit carryforwards. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Due to its history of amountsoperating losses, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes using a two-step approach to recognize and measure uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. An uncertain tax position that meets a more likely than not standard based on its technical merit would then be evaluated under the measurement step to determine the largest tax benefit that the taxpayer more likely than not will realize. The Company classifies any liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits as current to the extent that the Company wouldanticipates payment of cash within one year. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized in the provision for income taxes.



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Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The Company adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2021, which did not have receiveda material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes. ASU 2019-12 simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and by improving consistent application of other areas of Topic 740. The Company adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2021, which did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which amends ASC 805 to add contract assets and contract liabilities to the list of exceptions to the recognition and measurement principles that apply to business combinations and to require that an entity (acquirer) recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years and should be applied prospectively to business combinations occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. In the fourth quarter of 2022, Ouster adopted the amendments and recognized contract assets acquired and contract liabilities assumed in the mergers in accordance with ASC 606. Ouster has elected to apply the practical expedient under paragraph ASC 805-20-30-29(b) of the adopted amendments and allocated the transaction price based on the standalone selling price of each performance obligation in the contract with a customer for all contracts acquired in the mergers. As of December 31, 2022, the adoption of this new standard had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related footnote disclosures.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs. ASUs not referenced below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Note 3. Business Combination and Related Transactions
Sense Acquisition
On October 22, 2021, the Company acquired Sense Photonics Inc. (“Sense”), a privately held lidar technology company for autonomous vehicles. The transaction has been accounted for as a business combination. The Company purchased all of the outstanding shares of the capital stock of Sense and settled all Sense debt for total consideration of $72.8 million comprised of 9,163,982 shares of the Company’s common stock having a fair value of $60.0 million, fully vested replacement equity awards having a fair value of $1.1 million, and a cash payment of $11.7 million to settle Sense pre-existing debt and transaction costs incurred by Sense in connection with the saleacquisition. The Company retained 1,573,427 shares of common stock with the aggregate fair value of $10.3 million to satisfy any necessary adjustments, including without limitation certain indemnification claims and net working capital shortfall (“Holdback Shares”). The Holdback Shares will be released, net of any shares necessary to satisfy all unsatisfied or disputed claims for indemnification and net working capital shortfall, and distributed to the Sense stockholders in 18 months from the acquisition date. The Holdback Shares are considered issued and outstanding from legal perspective and have the same economic and voting rights as other issued and outstanding shares of the assets or paidCompany’s common stock.
Transaction costs incurred by the Company in connection with the transferacquisition, including professional fees, were $1.5 million.
Measurement period adjustments recognized during 2022 related primarily to updated estimated fair values for assumed employer withholding tax liabilities, royalty liability and a net working capital adjustment. A reconciliation of preliminary total consideration as of December 31, 2021, and total final consideration as of December 31, 2022, are presented below (in thousands):

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As ReportedMeasurement Period AdjustmentAs Adjusted Value
Fair value of common stock issued at closing$60,024 $(358)$59,666 
Fully vested replacement equity awards1,081 — 1,081 
Cash paid at closing to settle Sense pre-existing debt and transaction costs incurred by Sense11,703 — 11,703 
Total consideration$72,808 $(358)$72,450 

As ReportedMeasurement Period AdjustmentAs Adjusted Value
Assets acquired:
Cash$689 $— $689 
Restricted cash69 — 69 
Accounts receivable, net768 — 768 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets463 — 463 
Property and equipment, net626 — 626 
Developed technology15,900 — 15,900 
Vendor relationship6,600 — 6,600 
Customer relationships900 — 900 
Goodwill51,076 76 51,152 
Total assets acquired$77,091 $76 $77,167 
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable$(266)$— $(266)
Accrued and other current liabilities(1,540)(234)(1,774)
Other non-current liabilities— (200)(200)
Deferred tax liability(2,477)— (2,477)
Total liabilities assumed$(4,283)$(434)$(4,717)
Net Assets acquired$72,808 $(358)$72,450 
The fair value assigned to developed technology was determined as of the liabilitiesacquisition date under the relief-from-royalty rate method using Level 3 inputs. Management applied significant judgment in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In connection with measuringestimating the fair value of itsthe developed technology, which involved significant assumptions related to the revenue growth rates, the relief-from-royalty rate, the discount rate, and the economic life. The fair values assigned to the vendor relationship and customer relationships were determined using Level 3 inputs under the with-and-without method. These Level 3 inputs include revenue growth rates, discount rate and period to recreate the relationship.
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable assets and assumed liabilities acquired and is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce and expected synergies at the time of the acquisition. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.
The operating results of Sense are included in our consolidated statements of income from the respective dates of acquisition. Sense’s revenue and pretax loss for the period from the acquisition date of October 22, 2021 to December 31, 2021 was not material.
The following unaudited supplemental pro forma information presents the combined historical results of operations of the Company and Sense as if the business combination had been completed on January 1, 2020. The pro forma financial information includes amortization of fair value adjustments in the appropriate pro forma periods as though the companies were combined as of the beginning of 2020. These adjustments include:
An increase in amortization expense of $4.5 million and $3.7 million related to the fair value of acquired identifiable intangible assets in 2021 and 2020, respectively;
A decrease in expenses of $1.5 million related to acquisition transaction expenses in 2021;
An increase in stock based compensation expense of $10.8 million and $8.7 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to the stock options and restricted stock units issued to Sense employees.
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The following table includes unaudited pro forma results (in thousands, except per share data):
December 31,
20212020
Revenue33,578 21,930 
Net (loss)(107,352)(139,850)
Note 4. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following table provides information by level for the Company’s assets and liabilities the Company seeks to maximize the use of observable inputs (market data obtained from independent sources) and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs (internal assumptions about how market participants would price assets and liabilities). The following fair value hierarchy is used to classify assets and liabilities based on the observable inputs and unobservable inputs used in order to value the assets and liabilities:

Level 1:Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for an asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
Level 2:Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs. Examples of Level 2 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities and quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.
Level 3:Unobservable inputs based on our assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

The following table presents information about the Company’s assets that arewere measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2020, and indicates(in thousands):

December 31, 2022
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
Money market funds$121,100 $— $— $121,100 
Total financial assets$121,100 $— $— $121,100 
Liabilities
Warrant liabilities$— $— $180 $180 
Total financial liabilities$— $— $180 $180 
December 31, 2021
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
Money market funds$177,513 $— $— $177,513 
Total financial assets$177,513 $— $— $177,513 
Liabilities
Warrant liabilities$— $— $7,626 $7,626 
Total financial liabilities$— $— $7,626 $7,626 
Money market funds are included within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted market prices.
The fair value of the valuationPrivate Placement warrant liabilities is based on significant unobservable inputs, which represent Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. In determining the fair value of the warrant liabilities, the Company utilizedused the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine suchestimate the fair value:

Description

  Level   December 31, 2020 

Assets:

    

Marketable securities held in Trust Account

   1   $200,061,054 

NOTE 9. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

value using unobservable inputs including the expected term, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and dividend yield (see Note 8).

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The following table presents a summary of the changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 financial instruments (in thousands):
Redeemable
Convertible
Preferred Stock
Warrant Liability
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche LiabilityPrivate Placement Warrant LiabilityDerivative liability
Fair value as of January 1, 2020$(162)$— $— $— 
Initial recognition of preferred stock warrant liability upon subsequent issuance of warrants(691)(1,610)— — 
Change in the fair value included in other income (expense), net(48,440)— — (5,308)
Extinguishment of derivative liability upon conversion of convertible notes— — — 5,308 
Settlement of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability due to the issuance of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, included in other income (expense), net— 1,610 — — 
Fair value as of December 31, 2020(49,293)— — — 
Private placement warrant liability acquired as part of the Colonnade Merger— — (19,377)— 
Change in the fair value included in other income (expense), net(8,804)— 11,751 
Issuance of preferred stock upon exercise of warrants58,097 — — — 
Fair value as of December 31, 2021— — (7,626)— 
Change in the fair value included in other income (expense), net— — 7,446 — 
Fair value as of December 31, 2022$— $— $(180)$— 
Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The Company evaluated subsequenthas certain assets, including goodwill and other intangible assets, which are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and are adjusted to fair value only if an impairment charge is recognized. The categorization of the framework used to measure fair value of the assets is considered to be within the Level 3 valuation hierarchy due to the subjective nature of the unobservable inputs used.
Disclosure of Fair Values
Our financial instruments that are not re-measured at fair value include accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued and other current liabilities and short-term debt. The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their fair values.
Note 5. Balance Sheet Components
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
20222021
Cash$1,832 $5,131 
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds(1)
121,100 177,513 
Total cash and cash equivalents$122,932 $182,644 
(1)The Company maintains a cash sweep account, which is included in money market funds as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Cash is invested in short-term money market funds that earn interest.
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The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the consolidated balance sheets to the total of the amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):
December 31,
202220212020
Cash and cash equivalents$122,932 $182,644 $11,362 
Restricted cash, current257 977 276 
Restricted cash, non-current1,089 1,035 1,004 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$124,278 $184,656 $12,642 
Inventory
Inventory, consisting of material, direct and indirect labor, and manufacturing overhead, consists of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
20222021
Raw materials$6,971 $2,401 
Work in process3,857 1,951 
Finished goods8,705 3,096 
Total inventory$19,533 $7,448 
During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, $1.3 million, $0.8 million and $0.8 million of inventory write downs were charged to cost of revenue.
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
20222021
Prepaid expenses$2,502 $1,970 
Prepaid insurance1,442 1,355 
Receivable from contract manufacturer2,526 1,344 
Other current assets2,073 897 
Total prepaid and other current assets$8,543 $5,566 
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Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):
Estimated Useful Life
(in years)
December 31,
20222021
Machinery and equipment3$8,716 $8,404 
Computer equipment3340 498 
Automotive and vehicle hardware593 93 
Software385 104 
Furniture and fixtures7848 730 
Construction in progress3,448 1,700 
Leasehold improvementsShorter of useful life or lease term9,319 9,265 
22,849 20,794 
Less: Accumulated depreciation(13,154)(10,740)
Property and equipment, net$9,695 $10,054 
Depreciation expense associated with property and equipment was $5.0 million, $4.7 million and $3.7 million in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The following table summarizes the Company's property and equipment, net by geography (in thousands):

December 31,
20222021
United States$5,295 $8,254 
Thailand2,481 1,800 
France1,750 — 
Others169 — 
Total$9,695 $10,054 
Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets, Net
In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Sense Photonics Inc. (“Sense”), a privately held lidar technology company for autonomous vehicles. The transaction has been accounted for as a business combination. The Company purchased all of the outstanding shares of the capital stock of Sense and settled all Sense debt for total consideration of $72.8 million. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the preliminary estimated fair values of the identifiable assets and assumed liabilities acquired and is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce and expected synergies at the time of the acquisition. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.
The following table presents goodwill activity (in thousands):
December 31, 2020$— 
Goodwill acquired51,076 
December 31, 202151,076 
Measurement period adjustment76 
December 31, 2022$51,152 
Goodwill and purchased intangible assets are reviewed for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The process of evaluating the potential impairment of goodwill and transactionsintangible assets requires significant judgment. The Company regularly monitors current business conditions and other factors including, but not limited to, adverse industry or economic trends and lower projections of profitability that occurredmay impact future operating results.

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The Company with the assistance of third-party valuation specialist performed an interim and annual impairment test of its goodwill, as of September 30, 2022 and October 1, 2022, respectively, as a result of the decline in market conditions and updated outlook as a result of the impact of market uncertainties that prolonged sales cycle. The Company’s reporting unit fair value was determined based on a discounted future cash flow model (income approach) and a market approach. The Company’s estimate of fair value included significant judgments and assumptions relating to an implied control premium and comparable company market transactions. The estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 4%. Accordingly, the Company determined that goodwill was not impaired as of September 30, 2022 and October 1, 2022.
The Company with the assistance of third-party valuation specialist performed an interim impairment test of its goodwill in the fourth quarter of 2022 as a result of the continuing market volatility resulting in a decline in the Company’s stock price. The Company’s reporting unit fair value was determined based on a discounted future cash flow model (income approach) and a market approach. The Company’s estimate of fair value included significant judgments and assumptions relating to an implied control premium and comparable company market transactions. The estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 5% as of December 31, 2022. Accordingly, the Company determined that goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2022.
Given this level headroom, in the event the financial performance of the Company does not meet management’s current expectations in the future or the Company experiences prolonged market downturns or persistent declines in the Company’s stock price, or there are other negative revisions to key assumptions, the Company may be required to perform additional impairment analyses and could be required to recognize a non-cash goodwill impairment charge.
The following tables present acquired intangible assets, net as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
December 31, 2022
Estimated Useful Life
(in years)
Gross Carrying amountAccumulated AmortizationNet Book Value
Developed technology8$15,900 $(2,318)$13,582 
Vendor relationship36,600 (2,567)4,033 
Customer relationships3900 (350)550 
Intangible assets, net$23,400 $(5,235)$18,165 

December 31, 2021
Estimated Useful Life
(in years)
Gross Carrying amountAccumulated AmortizationNet Book Value
Developed technology8$15,900 $(331)$15,569 
Vendor relationship36,600 (367)6,233 
Customer relationships3900 (50)850 
Intangible assets, net$23,400 $(748)$22,652 
Amortization expense was $4.5 million and $0.7 million in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company did not have any intangible assets and amortization expense associated as of December 31, 2020.
The following table summarizes estimated future amortization expense of finite-lived intangible assets-net (in thousands):
Years:Amount
2023$4,486 
20244,071 
20251,988 
20261,988 
20271,988 
Thereafter3,644 
Total$18,165 

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Accrued and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
20222021
Accrued compensation$3,758 $3,229 
Uninvoiced receipts10,727 9,835 
Other2,987 1,109 
Total accrued and other current liabilities$17,473 $14,173 
Note 6. Convertible Notes Payable
2018 Convertible Notes
During the period from August 2018 through April 2019, the Company issued convertible promissory notes to certain Investors (“2018 Investors”), with an aggregate principal amount of $40.3 million (“2018 Convertible Notes”). The Company received consideration of $40.0 million, net of debt issuance costs of $0.3 million. The 2018 Convertible Notes were payable anytime on or after two years from the respective issuance dates upon demand of the 2018 Investors holding at least 60% of the outstanding principal of the 2018 Convertible Notes or at the Company’s option with 10 days’ notice to the 2018 Investors, and carried paid in-kind interest of 5%. The notes and all accrued but unpaid interest were automatically convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock in the event of qualified financing (defined with respect to the 2018 Convertible Notes as a sale by the Company of shares of its capital stock for aggregate gross proceeds of at least $5 million) and convertible in the event of non-qualified financing (defined with respect to the 2018 Convertible Notes as a sale by the Company of shares of its capital stock for aggregate gross proceeds of less than $5 million) or change of control at the option of the majority of 2018 Investors at a conversion price equal to the lesser of (i) $400 million divided by the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding immediately prior to the respective events, assuming conversion or exercise of all securities convertible into common stock and (ii) the price per share of its capital stock paid in the applicable transaction (qualified financing, non-qualified financing, or change of control).
All of the 2018 Convertible Notes were converted to common stock in April 2020 as part of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock financing.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized interest expense of $0.6 million and amortization of debt discount issuance costs, included in interest expense of $0.1 million related to the 2018 Convertible Notes.
On April 3, 2020, $40.2 million of principal and $2.8 million of accrued interest of the 2018 Convertible Notes were converted to 3,005,762 shares of common stock at a conversion price of $14.33 per share. The Notes were converted to common stock outside of the original contract terms. The holders of 2018 Convertible Notes issued consents to amend the terms of the notes to provide for conversion to common stock before maturity, including a newly negotiated issuance price to affect the conversion in order to raise additional financing. The Company accounted for the transaction as a troubled debt restructuring as a result of satisfying the below criteria:
The Company’s challenges associated with the financing efforts of its operations at the time of the convertible notes exchange.
The holders of the convertible notes completed the exchange for a value lower than the face amount of the notes. As a result, the Company concluded a concession was granted to the Company.
The convertible notes exchange resulted in a gain of approximately $42.5 million, which resulted in a credit to additional paid-in capital as this transaction was with related parties.
2019 Convertible Notes
During the period from September through November, 2019, the Company issued convertible promissory notes to certain Investors (“2019 Investors”), with an aggregate principal amount of $29.3 million (“2019 Convertible Notes”).
The Company received consideration of $29.2 million, net of debt issuance costs of $0.1 million. The 2019 Convertible Notes were to be payable anytime on or after September 18, 2021 upon demand by consent of the 2019 Investors holding at least 60% of the outstanding principal of the 2019 Convertible Notes or at the Company’s option with 10 days’ notice to the 2020 Investors, and carried interest at 5% per annum which in addition to the notes was payable at maturity. The 2019
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Convertible Notes and all accrued but unpaid interest were automatically convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock in the event of qualified financing and convertible in the event of non-qualified financing (defined with respect to the 2019 Convertible Notes as a sale by the Company of shares of its capital stock for aggregate gross proceeds of less than $20 million) or change of control at the option of the majority of 2020 investors at a conversion price determined as the lesser of (i) a ratio of $300 million and the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding immediately prior to the respective events, assuming conversion or exercise of all securities convertible into common stock and (ii) 85% of the price per share of its capital stock paid in the applicable transaction (qualified financing, non-qualified financing, or change of control).
2019 Convertible Notes contain embedded features that provide the lenders with multiple settlement alternatives. Certain of these settlement features provided the lenders a right to a fixed number of the Company’s shares upon conversion of the notes (the “conversion option”). Other settlement features provided the lenders the right or the obligation to receive cash or a variable number of shares upon the completion of a capital raising transaction, change of control or default of the Company (the “redemption features”).
The conversion options of the convertible notes did not meet the requirements to be separately accounted for as a derivative liability. However, certain redemption features of the 2019 Convertible Notes met the requirements for separate accounting and were accounted for as a single, compound derivative instrument. The derivative instrument was recorded at fair value at inception and was subject to remeasurement to fair value at each balance sheet date, with any changes in fair value recognized in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss (see Note 4).
On April 3, 2020, $29.3 million of principal and $0.7 million of accrued interest of the 2019 Convertible Notes were converted to 4,196,178 shares of common stock at a conversion price of $7.17 per share. All of the 2019 Convertible Notes were converted to common stock in April 2020 as part of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock financing. The Notes were converted to common stock outside of the original contract terms. The holders of 2019 Convertible Notes issued consents to amend the terms of the notes to provide for conversion to common stock before maturity, including a newly negotiated issuance price to affect the conversion in order to raise additional financing. The Company accounted for the transaction as a troubled debt restructuring as a result of satisfying the below criteria:
The Company’s challenges associated with the financing efforts of its operations at the time of the convertible notes exchange.
The holders of the convertible notes completed the exchange for a value lower than the face amount of the notes. As a result, the Company concluded a concession was granted to the Company.
The convertible notes exchange resulted in a gain of approximately $29.3 million, which resulted in a credit to additional paid-in capital as this transaction was with related parties. The outstanding derivative liability in the amount of $5.3 million as of the conversion date of 2019 Notes was extinguished and accounted for as a capital contribution to equity.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized interest expense of $0.4 million and amortization of debt discount issuance costs, included in interest expense of $0.1 million in relation with the 2019 Convertible Notes.
Note 7. Debt
Runway Growth Loan Agreement
On November 27, 2018, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Runway Growth Credit Fund Inc. (“Runway Loan and Security Agreement”). The Runway Loan and Security Agreement provided for loans in an aggregate principal amount up to $10.0 million with a loan maturity date of November 15, 2021. The loan carried an interest rate equal to LIBOR plus 8.5%, unless LIBOR was no longer attainable or ceased to fairly reflect the costs of the lender, in which case the applicable interest rate would have been Prime Rate plus 6.0%. In an event of default, annual interest would have been increased by 5.0% above the otherwise applicable rate.
In conjunction with the Runway Loan and Security Agreement, OTI issued a warrant to purchase 35,348 shares of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) of OTI (4.0% of original principal amount of $10.0 million, divided by the exercise price), with an exercise price of $11.3518 per share. The fair value of this warrant was estimated to be $0.1 million and accounted for as a debt discount. On August 5, 2019, in connection with the second amendment to the Runway Loan and Security Agreement, OTI amended the warrant issued to Runway Growth to increase the number of shares available to purchase to 53,023 shares of Series A Preferred Stock of OTI. The aggregate value of the warrants increased by $0.1 million after the warrant modification.
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The warrants were exercised on March 11, 2021 and the warrant liability was remeasured to fair value with the increase recognized as a loss of $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 within other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The warrant liability was remeasured to fair value as of March 31, 2021 and the reduction was recognized as a gain of $0.2 million.
On March 26, 2021, the Company terminated the Runway Loan and Security Agreement and repaid the $7.0 million principal amount outstanding as well as interest and fees amounting to $0.4 million. The Company incurred no prepayment fees in connection with the termination and all liens and security interests securing the loan made pursuant to the Runway Loan and Security Agreement were released upon termination. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the outstanding principal balance of the loan was nil, respectively.
Promissory notes
The Company issued a $5.0 million promissory note in January 2021 to certain current investors of the Company (or their respective affiliates) to help continue to fund the Company’s ongoing operations through the consummation of the Colonnade Merger. The note accrued interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus 8.5% per annum and was repaid on March 11, 2021 in accordance with its terms in connection with the consummation of the Colonnade Merger.
Loan and Security Agreement
On April 29, 2022 (the “Closing Date”), the Company entered into the Loan Agreement with Hercules. The Loan Agreement provides the Company with a term loan facility of up to $50.0 million, subject to certain terms and conditions (the “Term Loan Facility”). The Company borrowed the initial tranche of $20.0 million on April 29, 2022. On October 17, 2022, the Company borrowed an additional $20.0 million. As of December 31, 2022, we did not achieve certain conditions relating to the achievement of trailing twelve month revenue and profit milestones under the Loan Agreement therefore an additional $10.0 million is no longer available to the Company.
Advances under the Loan Agreement bear interest at the rate of interest equal to greater of either (i) (x) the prime rate as reported in The Wall Street Journal plus (y) 6.15%, and (ii) 9.40%, subject to compliance with financial covenants and other conditions. The Loan Agreement includes covenants, limitations, and events of default customary for similar facilities. The Loan Agreement matures on May 1, 2026 (the “Maturity Date”).
Interest on amounts borrowed under the Loan Agreement is payable on a monthly basis until June 1, 2025 (the “Amortization Date”). On and as of the Amortization Date, payments consist of equal monthly installments of principal and interest payable until the secured obligations are repaid in full. However, if the Company achieves certain equity proceeds, revenue or profit targets for the twelve-month period ending December 31, 2023, then the Amortization Date will be extended to the Maturity Date. The entire principal balance and all accrued but unpaid interest shall be due and payable on the Maturity Date. On the earliest to occur of May 1, 2026, the date on which the obligations under the Loan Agreement are paid and the date on which such obligations become due and payable, the Company is also required to pay Hercules an end of term fee in an amount equal to 7.45% of the aggregated amount of all Advances made under the Loan Agreement.
In connection with the Loan Agreement, the Company paid the lender a cash facility and legal fees of $0.6 million and incurred debt issuance costs to third parties that were directly related to issuing debt in the amount of $0.3 million. The effective interest rate on this debt is 17.90% after giving effect to the debt discount, debt issuance costs and the end of term charge.
The Company may prepay the principal of any advance made pursuant to the terms of the Term Loan Facility at any time subject to a prepayment charge equal to: 2.50%, if such advance is prepaid in any of the first 12 months following the Closing Date, 1.50%, if such advance is prepaid after 12 months but prior to 24 months following the Closing Date, and 1.0%, if such advance is prepaid anytime thereafter.
If the Company failed to maintain an unrestricted cash balance of $60.0 million, it would then be subject to a financial covenant that requires the Company to achieve certain trailing twelve-month revenue targets tested quarterly as set forth in the Loan Agreement and commencing with the quarter ending on June 30, 2023. In contemplation of entry into the Velodyne Merger Agreement, on November 1, 2022, the Company entered into the Second Amendment. Pursuant to the terms of the Second Amendment, the financial covenant requiring the Company to achieve certain trailing twelve month revenue thresholds commencing with the quarter ending June 30, 2023 will be eliminated and replaced, contingent upon and effective as of the closing of the transaction under the Velodyne Merger Agreements, with a minimum liquidity financial covenant whereby the Company must maintain at least $60.0 million of cash in deposit accounts that are subject to an account control agreement in favor of Hercules. On February 10, 2023, the Company, entered into Third Amendment, which amends the Loan Agreement to (i) increase the existing debt baskets for (a) purchase money debt and capital leases,
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and (b) letter of credit obligations, (ii) provide for increased flexibility to maintain cash in non-US accounts, and (iii) provide for increased flexibility to relocate certain equipment.
As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all financial covenants.
All obligations under the Loan Agreement are unconditionally guaranteed by certain of the Company’s subsidiaries, including Sense Photonics, Inc., a Delaware corporation. The Term Loan Facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s and the guarantors’ existing and after-acquired assets, including all intellectual property, all securities in existing and future domestic subsidiaries and 65.0% of the securities in foreign subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions.
The Loan Agreement contains customary covenants for transactions of this type and other covenants agreed to by the parties, including, among others, (i) the provision of annual, quarterly and monthly financial statements, management rights and insurance policies and (ii) restrictions on incurring debt, granting liens, making acquisitions, making loans, paying dividends, dissolving, and entering into leases and asset sales. The Loan Agreement also provides for customary events of default, including, among others, payment, bankruptcy, covenant, representation and warranty, change of control, judgment and material adverse effect defaults.
Long-term debt outstanding is summarized below (in thousands):
December 31,
2022
Long-term debt$40,000 
End of term fee337 
Less: unamortized debt discount(496)
Less: debt issuance costs(267)
Total debt$39,574 
The unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense over the life of the instrument using the effective interest rate method. Amortization expense included in the interest expense related to debt discount and debt issuance costs of the Loan Agreement was not material for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Note 8. Warrants and Tranche Liabilities
On November 27, 2018, in connection with the execution of the Runway Loan and Security Agreement, the Company issued a warrant to purchase 35,348 shares of Series A Preferred Stock of the Company at an exercise price of $11.3518 per share (the “Runway warrant”). On August 5, 2019, in connection with the second amendment to the Runway Loan and Security Agreement, the Company amended the warrant issued to Runway Growth to increase the number of shares available to purchase to 53,023 shares of Series A Preferred Stock of the Company at an exercise price of $11.3518 per share.
The Runway warrant had a term expiring upon the earlier of 10-year anniversary from the issuance date and liquidation of the Company. The Runway warrant had a cashless exercise provision under which their holders may, in lieu of payment of the exercise price in cash, surrender the warrant and receive a net amount of shares based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock at the time of exercise of the warrants after deduction of the aggregate exercise price. The Runway warrant contained provisions for adjustment of the exercise price and number of shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants in the event of certain stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations, reclassifications, and consolidations.
The fair value of the Runway warrant issued was recorded as of the date of initial issuance in the amount of $0.1 million. The subsequent issuance of warrants pursuant to the August 5, 2019 amendment to the Runway Loan and Security Agreement was recorded in the amount of $0.1 million. The Runway warrant was exercised on March 11, 2021.
On April 3, 2020, in connection with the closing of the Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, the Company issued a warrant to purchase 4,513,993 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock of the Company at an exercise price of $0.3323 per share (the “Series B warrants”). The Series B warrants could be exercised prior to the earliest to occur of (i) the 10-year anniversary of the date of issuance, (ii) the consummation of a liquidation transaction, or (iii) the consummation of an initial public offering. These Series B warrants included a cashless exercise provision under which their holders could, in lieu of payment of the exercise price in cash, surrender the warrant and receive a net amount of shares based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock at the time of exercise of the warrants after deduction of the aggregate exercise price. The Series B warrants contained provisions for adjustment of the exercise price and number of shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants in the event of certain stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations, reclassifications, and consolidations.
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The Series B warrants were initially recognized as a liability at a fair value of $0.7 million. The Series B warrants were exercised on February 11, 2021 and the warrant liability was remeasured to fair value as of that date, resulting in a loss of $8.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, classified within other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Historically, value was assigned to each class of equity securities using an option pricing model method (“OPM”). In September 2020, the Company began allocating the equity value using a hybrid method that utilizes a combination of the OPM and the probability weighted expected return method (“PWERM”). The PWERM is a scenario-based methodology that estimates the fair value of equity securities based upon an analysis of future values for the Company, assuming various outcomes. As the probability of a transaction with a special purpose acquisition company (“SPAC”) increased, the fair value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability increased as of the date of the exercise.
The redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants were valued using the following assumptions under the Black-Scholes option-pricing model:
Initial Issuance DateSubsequent Issuance DateDecember 31,
2020
February 11,
2021
March 11,
2021
Stock price$5.80 $5.80 $7.11 $10.27 $8.44 
Term (years)10.009.312.002.002.00
Expected volatility57.81 %57.35 %76.00 %76.00 %76.00 %
Risk-free interest rate3.06 %1.75 %0.13 %0.13 %0.13 %
Dividend yield%%%%%
Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche
In April 2020 and May 2020, the Company issued 62,505,102 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock at $0.3323 per share. For each share purchased, the purchaser had an option to purchase an additional share of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock at $0.3323 per share, exercisable at any time prior to August 13, 2020 (the “Tranche Right”). The Company determined that the Tranche Right represented a freestanding obligation of the Company to issue additional shares of contingently redeemable shares if exercised by the holder. The freestanding redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability was initially recorded at fair value, with fair value changes recorded within other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
In July 2020, the Company issued 37,970,846 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock at $0.3323 per share for net proceeds of $12.5 million, less $0.1 million of stock issuance costs.
In August, 2020, upon the expiration of the Tranche Right, 25,286,587 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock were issued in accordance with the Tranche Right. The remaining Tranche Right expired, unexercised, resulting in a $1.6 million gain recorded within other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Private Placement Warrants
Simultaneously with the closing of the Company’s initial public offering (the “IPO”) in August 2020, the sponsor of CLA, Colonnade Sponsor LLC, purchased an aggregate of 6,000,000 Private Placement warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant, for an aggregate purchase price of $6,000,000. The Private Placement warrants became exercisable 12 months following the closing of the Company’s IPO, and will expire 5 years from the completion of the Colonnade Merger, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. Each Private Placement warrant is exercisable for one Class A ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share. On March 11, 2021, each outstanding Private Placement warrant automatically converted into a warrant to purchase one share of Ouster common stock pursuant to the Warrant Agreement.
The Private Placement warrants were initially recognized as a liability at a fair value of $19.4 million and the Private Placement warrant liability was remeasured to fair value as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, resulting in a gain of $7.4 million and $11.8 million in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, classified within other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
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The Private Placement warrants were valued using the following assumptions under the Black-Scholes option-pricing model:
March 11,
2021
December 31,
2021
December 31,
2022
Stock price$12.00 $5.20 $0.86 
Exercise price of warrant$11.50 $11.50 $11.50 
Term (years)5.004.193.19
Expected volatility27.00 %57.00 %70.01 %
Risk-free interest rate0.78 %1.14 %4.39 %
Public Warrants
CLA, in its IPO in August 2020, issued 20,000,000 units that each consisted of one Class A ordinary share and one-half warrant to purchase a Class A ordinary share, which the Company refers to as CLA warrants before the Colonnade Merger and Public warrants after the Colonnade Merger. These warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares, and no fractional warrants were issued or issuable upon separation of the units and only whole warrants will trade. The warrants became exercisable 12 months following the closing of the Company’s IPO, and will expire five years from the completion of the Colonnade Merger, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. Each Public warrant is exercisable at a price of $11.50 per share. On March 11, 2021, upon the closing of the Colonnade Merger pursuant to the Colonnade Merger Agreement (Note 1), each of the 9,999,996 outstanding warrants, as adjusted for any fractional warrants that were not issued upon separation, was converted automatically into a redeemable Public warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock. The Public warrants were recognized as equity upon the Colonnade Merger in the amount of $17.9 million.
Prior to their expiration, the Company may redeem the Public warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant, provided that the closing price of the Company’s common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading-day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the Company gives proper notice of such redemption to the warrants holders.
Note 9. Leases
350 Treat Building Lease
In September 2017, the Company entered into a lease agreement (the “350 Treat Building Lease”) to lease approximately 26,125 square feet of office and warehouse space located in San Francisco, California for its corporate headquarters.
In November 2021, the Company entered into an amendment to the 350 Treat Building Lease agreement, whereby the parties agreed to extend the term of the lease for an additional four years and seven months and provided for an additional tenant improvement allowance. The total base lease payments for the extended period of 4.6 years equals $7.6 million. The amendment resulted in an adjustment of $5.5 million to the right-of-use asset and right-of-use operating lease liability which was recorded in November 2021. As of December 31, 2022 the remaining lease term is 4.7 years that expires on August 31, 2027. In addition to minimum lease payments, the lease requires the Company to pay associated taxes and operating costs.
The 350 Treat Building Lease is considered to be an operating lease as it does not meet the criteria of a finance lease. As of December 31, 2022, the operating lease right-of-use asset and operating lease liability were $5.6 million and $7.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the operating lease right-of-use asset and operating lease liability were $6.6 million and $8.3 million, respectively. The discount rate used to determine the lease liability was 3.7%.
2741 16th Street Lease
In September 2017 the Company entered into a lease agreement (the “2741 16th Street Lease”) to lease approximately 20,032 square feet of office space and 25,000 of parking space located in San Francisco, California.
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In May 2020, the Company entered into an amendment to the 2741 16th Street Lease agreement, whereby the parties agreed to extend the term of the lease for an additional four years, restructure the monthly rent payable under the lease and provide for an additional tenant improvement allowance. The total base lease payments for the extended period of 4.0 years equals $8.5 million and the increase in total base lease payments for the lease term provided for by the original agreement is $0.7 million. The amendment resulted in an adjustment of $6.2 million to the right-of-use asset and right-of-use operating lease liability which was recorded in May 2020. As of December 31, 2022 the remaining lease term is 4.7 years that expires on August 31, 2027. In addition to minimum lease payments, the lease requires the Company to pay associated taxes and operating costs.
The 2741 16th Street Lease is considered to be an operating lease as it does not meet the criteria of a finance lease. As of December 31, 2022, the operating lease right-of-use asset and lease liability were $6.5 million and $8.7 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the operating lease right-of-use asset and operating lease liability were $7.7 million and $10.1 million, respectively. The discount rate used to determine the operating lease liability was 5.25%.
Other operating real estate leases
The Company has executed or assumed as lessee other five operating leases for rental of office space. The terms of those leases range from 1 to 3 years. The Company is obligated to make lease payments totaling approximately $0.9 million for those leases over the respective lease terms.
Total operating lease cost for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $3.9 million, $3.6 million and $2.9 million, which consisted of $3.8 million, $3.0 million and $2.6 million of fixed lease expense and $0.1 million, $0.6 million and $0.3 million of variable lease expense, respectively. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities was $4.0 million, $4.2 million and $3.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The following table presents the weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate for leases:
December 31,
20222021
Weighted-average remaining lease term4.525.53
Weighted-average discount rate4.66 %4.55 %
The maturities of the operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
Year ending December 31,
2023$3,981 
20244,072 
20253,967 
20264,019 
2027 and thereafter2,733 
Total undiscounted lease payments18,772 
Less: imputed interest(2,151)
Total operating lease liabilities$16,621 
Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies
Letters of credit
In connection with certain office leasehold interests in real property located in San Francisco (350 Treat Ave and, 2741 16th Street) and in Paris (5, rue Coq Héron), the Company obtained letters of credit from certain banks as required by the lease agreements. If the Company defaults under the terms of the applicable lease, the lessor will be entitled to draw upon the letters of credit in the amount necessary to cure the default. The amounts covered by the letters of credit are collateralized by certificates of deposit, which are included in restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. The outstanding amount of the letters of credit was $1.3 million and $2.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
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Non-cancelable purchase commitments
As of December 31, 2022, the Company had non-cancelable purchase commitments to a third-party contract manufacturer for approximately $22.3 million and other vendors for approximately $6.3 million.
Litigation
The Company is involved in various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues a liability when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal fees are expensed as incurred. The Company has identified certain claims as a result of which a loss may be incurred, but in the aggregate any loss is expected to be immaterial. This assessment is based on our current understanding of relevant facts and circumstances. As such, our view of these matters is subject to inherent uncertainties and may change in the future. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability and the determination as to whether an exposure is reasonably estimable. Actual outcomes of these legal and regulatory proceedings may materially differ from our current estimates.
The Company has made no accruals with respect to the following:
On December 1, 2022, December 20, 2022, December 29, 2022, and January 9, 2023, purported stockholders of Velodyne filed the following lawsuits against Velodyne and certain of its directors and officers in the Southern District of New York for violations of Sections 14(a) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Rule 14a-9: O’Dell v. Velodyne, et. al., Carlisle v. Velodyne, et. al., Wheeler v. Velodyne et. al., and Cristino v. Velodyne, et. al. The complaints allege that Velodyne’s disclosures in connection with the Merger with Ouster were materially incomplete and misleading. The plaintiff in O’Dell v. Velodyne et. al. voluntarily dismissed his complaint on January 17, 2023. Velodyne also received eleven demand letters from stockholders making similar allegations regarding Velodyne’s disclosures relating to the Merger. The Company does not believe the allegations in the complaints and demand letters are meritorious, and intends to defend against them vigorously.
On June 14, 2022, Velodyne filed a lawsuit against the Company relating to two patents and requested an International Trade Commission proceeding with respect to the same two patents. On July 8, 2022, the Company filed a complaint against Velodyne, alleging multiple claims including intellectual property misappropriation and false advertising. In connection with the Velodyne Merger, the matters were dismissed.
On June 10, 2021, the Company received a letter from the SEC notifying us of an investigation and document subpoena. The subpoena seeks documents regarding projected financial information in CLA’s Form S-4 registration statement filed on December 22, 2020. The Company has complied with the SEC’s requests to date; however, the SEC may request additional documents or information.
Indemnification
From time to time, the Company enters into agreements in the ordinary course of business that include indemnification provisions. Generally, in these provisions the Company agrees to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless the indemnified parties for claims and losses suffered or incurred by such indemnified parties for which the Company is responsible under the applicable indemnification provisions. The terms of the indemnification provisions vary depending upon negotiations between the Company and its counterpart; however, typically, these indemnification obligations survive the term of the contract and the maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make pursuant to these provisions are uncapped. To date, the Company has never incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification provisions.
The Company has also entered into indemnity agreements pursuant to which it has indemnified its directors and officers, to the extent legally permissible, against all liabilities reasonably incurred in connection with any action in which such individual may be involved by reason of such individual being or having been a director or executive officer, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct of the individual. To date, the Company has never incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnity agreements. The consolidated financial statements do not include a liability for any potential obligations under the indemnification agreements at December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Note 11. Redeemable Convertible Preferred and Common Stock
The Company’s common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “OUST” and the Company’s warrants trade on the New York Stock Exchange and NYSE American under the symbols “OUST WS” and “OUST WTA,” respectively. Pursuant to the terms of the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the Company
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is authorized to issue the following shares and classes of capital stock, each with a par value of $0.0001 per share: (i) 1,000,000,000 shares of common stock; (ii) 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Immediately following the Colonnade Merger, there were 161,449,205 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.0001, and 15,999,996 warrants outstanding. The holder of each share of common stock is entitled to one vote.
The Company has retroactively adjusted the shares issued and outstanding prior to March 11, 2021 to give effect to the exchange ratio established in the Colonnade Merger Agreement to determine the number of shares of common stock into which they were converted.
Immediately prior to the Colonnade Merger, OTI’s certificate of incorporation, as amended, authorized it to issue 342,367,887 shares of $0.00001 par value, with 210,956,516 shares designated as common stock and 131,411,372 shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock.
On March 11, 2021, upon the closing of the Colonnade Merger Agreement (Note 1), all of OTI’s outstanding redeemable convertible preferred stock was converted to the Company’s common stock pursuant to the conversion rate effective immediately prior to the Colonnade Merger and the remaining amount was reclassified to additional paid-in capital. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company does not have any redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding.
ATM Agreement
On April 29, 2022, the Company entered into the ATM Agreement pursuant to which the Company may, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the agreement offer and sell, from time to time, through or to the agents, acting as agent or principal, shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $150.0 million.
From the date of the ATM Agreement through December 31, 2022, the Company sold 7,833,709 shares at a weighted-average sales price of $2.08 per share, resulting in cumulative gross proceeds to the Company totaling approximately $16.8 million before deducting offering costs, sales commissions and fees. Cumulative net proceeds to the Company totaled approximately $15.8 million after deducting offering costs, sales commissions and fees. The Company plans to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and general corporate purposes.
In September 2022, the Company suspended sales of common stock through its ATM Agreement. The remaining availability under the ATM Agreement as of December 31, 2022 is approximately $133.2 million.
Series Seed Financing and conversion
In April 2016, the Company issued 1,887,253 shares of Series Seed redeemable convertible preferred stock at $1.02 per share for net proceeds of $1.8 million, net of $0.1 million stock issuance costs. In April 2016, the Company issued 44,256 shares to an investor upon conversion of a note having a balance of principal and interest of $45,000. In May 2016, the Company issued 563,725 shares of Series Seed redeemable convertible preferred stock at $1.02 per share for net proceeds of $0.6 million. In July 2016, the Company issued 445,942 shares of Series Seed redeemable convertible preferred stock at $1.02 per share for net proceeds of $0.5 million.
In April 2020, in order to induce the closing of the Series B Financing, the holders exercised the embedded conversion feature and all the outstanding Series Seed redeemable convertible preferred stock shares were converted to 2,941,176 shares of the Company’s common stock.
Series A Financing and conversion
In October 2017, the Company issued 1,324,511 shares of Series A Preferred Stock at $11.3158 per share for net proceeds of $14.8 million, net of $0.2 million of stock issuance costs. In October 2017, the Company issued 1,253,556 shares of Series A Preferred Stock upon conversion of multiple notes having a principal and interest balance of $4.6 million. In December, 2018, the Company issued 715,712 shares of Series A Preferred Stock at $11.3158 per share for net proceeds of $8.1 million.
In April 2020, in order to induce the closing of the Series B Financing, the holders exercised the embedded conversion feature and all of the outstanding Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock shares were converted to 3,293,779 shares of the Company’s common stock.
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Series B Financing
In April 2020, the Company issued 45,185,071 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock at $0.3323 per share for gross proceeds of $15.1 million, less $0.1 million of stock issuance costs. In May 2020, the Company issued 17,320,031 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock at $0.3323 per share for gross proceeds of $5.8 million, less $0.1 million of stock issuance costs. In July 2020, the Company issued 37,970,846 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock at $0.3323 per share for gross proceeds of $12.5 million, less $0.1 million of stock issuance costs. In August 2020, the Company issued 25,286,587 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock at $0.3323 per share for gross proceeds of $8.4 million, less $0.1 million of stock issuance costs.
On March 11, 2021, upon the closing of the Transaction pursuant to the Colonnade Merger Agreement (Note 1), all of the outstanding redeemable convertible preferred stock was converted to the Company’s common stock pursuant to the conversion rate effective immediately prior to the Transaction and the remaining amount was reclassified to additional paid-in capital.
Redeemable convertible preferred stock as of December 31, 2020, consisted of the following (in thousands, except share and per share data):
SeriesDecember 31, 2020
Issue Price
per share
Shares
Authorized
Shares
Issued and
Outstanding
Liquidation
Amount
Carrying
Amount
Series B$0.33 131,411,372 88,434,754 $41,791 $39,225 
The significant features of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock were as follows:
Dividend provisions
The Series Seed, Series A and Series B preferred stockholders were entitled to receive dividends prior and in preference to any dividends on the common stock, at a rate of $0.0612, $0.6789 and $0.019938 per share, respectively, per annum on a non-cumulative basis, when and if declared by the board of directors, subject to the prior rights of the preferred stockholders. After payment of such dividend, any additional dividends were to be distributed among the holders of the preferred stock and common stock pro rata based on the number of shares of common stock then held by each holder (assuming conversion of all shares of preferred stock into common stock).
Liquidation preference
In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, merger or a reduction of capital through the sale or lease of all or substantial part of the business of the Company, before any distribution or payment could be made to the holders of common stock, the holders of Series Seed, Series A and Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock were entitled to receive $1.02, $11.3518 and $0.3323 per share (subject to adjustment in the event of any share dividend, share split, combination, or other recapitalization), respectively, plus any declared but unpaid dividends on such shares. If the assets and funds were insufficient for such distribution, they were to receive a pro rata distribution, based on the relative preferred stock ownership and in proportion to the preferential amount each such holder is otherwise entitled. If the assets and funds were in excess of amounts distributed to the preferred stockholders, the remaining assets and funds were to be distributed pro rata to the holders of the common stock. If the holders of the redeemable convertible preferred stock would receive a greater distribution if they converted to common stock, then such conversion would have been assumed prior to distribution.
Conversion rights
The holders of Series Seed, Series A and Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock had a right to convert their stock into not assessable shares of common stock at a conversion rate equal to their respective liquidation preferences divided by a conversion price of $1.02, $11.3518 and $0.3323, respectively, which would be adjusted for any stock splits, stock dividends, combination, subdivisions, recapitalization or similar transactions.
Shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock were automatically be converted into shares of common stock upon the earlier of (a) the closing of the sale of shares of common stock to the public at a minimum price of $1.41 per share, subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, subdivisions, recapitalization or similar transactions with respect to common stock, in a firm-commitment underwritten public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, resulting in at least
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$75.0 million of gross cash proceeds to the Company or (b)(i) upon vote or written consent of a majority of the then outstanding shares of the Series Seed redeemable convertible preferred stock, voting as a separate series on an as-converted basis or (ii) upon vote or written consent of the majority of the then outstanding shares of the Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, voting as a separate series on an as-converted basis, respectively.
Redemption rights
The redeemable convertible preferred stock is recorded in mezzanine equity because while it is not currently redeemable, it may become redeemable at the option of the preferred stockholders upon the occurrence of certain deemed liquidation events that are considered not solely within the Company’s control for an amount equal to the shares respective liquidation preference plus declared and unpaid dividends.
Voting rights
Each holder of redeemable convertible preferred stock shall be entitled to the number of votes equal to the number of shares of common stock into which such redeemable convertible preferred stock could then be converted and, with respect to such vote, holders of redeemable convertible preferred stock are entitled to vote together with the holders of common stock as a single class on all matters.
Note 12. Stock-based compensation
As of December 31, 2022, the Company has four equity incentive plans, the 2015 Stock Plan (the “2015 Plan”), the Sense 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Sense Plan”), the 2021 Incentive Award Plan (the “2021 Plan”) and 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2022 ESPP” and, collectively with the 2015 Plan, the Sense Plan and the 2021 Plan, together the “Plans”).
The Plans provide for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards (“RSA”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance stock unit awards and other forms of equity compensation (collectively, “equity awards”). In addition, the 2021 Plan provides for the grant of performance bonus awards. All awards under the Plans may be granted to employees, including officers, and awards under the 2015 Plan, Sense Plan and 2021 Plan also may be granted to directors and consultants, in each case, within the limits defined in the Plans.
Options under the Plans will be exercisable at such times and as specified in the Award Agreement (as defined in the Plans) provided that the term of an option or stock appreciation will not exceed ten years. Options granted under the Plans may be Incentive Stock Options (ISOs) or Non-statutory Stock Options, as determined by the Administrator (as defined in the Plans) at the time of grant of an option and subject to the applicable provisions of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder. The exercise price of an option will be no less than 100% of the fair market value of the shares of common stock on the date of grant. The exercise price of an ISO granted to a 10% shareholder will be no less than 110% of the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant and the term of the ISO will not exceed five years. Options granted generally vest over four years and vest at a rate of 25% upon the first anniversary of the issuance date and 1/36th per month thereafter. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.
Restricted stock and restricted stock units granted to employees generally vest as to 25% of the shares on the first anniversary service date of the grant, and quarterly thereafter so as to be 100% vested on the fourth anniversary of the vesting commencement date. All participants holding shares of restricted stock will be entitled to all the rights of a stockholder with respect to such shares and have voting power and other rights with respect to such shares, provided, however, that such shares are held in escrow and subject to forfeiture until the shares vested.
The exercise price of stock options granted before the Colonnade Merger were determined based on the fair value of stock at the date of grant obtained by the Company on a contemporaneous basis from an independent valuation firm. The valuation firm used a PWERM to estimate the aggregate enterprise value of the Company at each valuation date. The PWERM involves applying appropriate risk adjusted discount rates to future values for the enterprise assuming various possible scenarios. The projections used in connection with these valuations were based on the Company’s expected operating performance over the forecast period. Share value is based on the probability-weighted present value of expected future returns to the equity investor considering each of the likely future scenarios available to the enterprise, and the rights and preferences of each share class.
Certain employees have the right to early exercise unvested stock options, subject to rights held by the Company to repurchase unvested shares in the event of voluntary or involuntary termination. The Company accounts for cash received in consideration for the early exercise of unvested stock options as a non-current liability, included as a component of other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
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2021 Incentive Award Plan
On March 11, 2021, the board of directors approved the 2021 Plan. 18,558,576 shares of the Company’s common stock were initially reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan. The 2021 Plan includes an evergreen provision that provides for an annual increase in the number of shares of common stock available for issuance thereunder beginning on January 1, 2022 and ending on January 1, 2031, equal to 5% of the shares of Company common stock outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year and such smaller number of shares as determined by the board of directors or a committee thereof.
In March 2021, the Company granted an option to purchase 1,614,492 shares of Company common stock, 807,246 restricted stock units and 807,246 performance stock units to a senior advisor serving on the Company’s board of directors as chair. The option would vest over five years starting from the first anniversary from the senior advisor’s employment start date and at a rate of 20% per annum, subject to his continued employment with the Company and provided that option grant will only be exercisable in the event that the closing trading price per share of the Company stock equals or exceeds 130% of the exercise price per share of the option for 30 consecutive trading days. The restricted stock units would vest over five years starting from the first anniversary from the senior advisor’s employment start date and at a rate of 20% per annum, subject to his continued employment with the Company. The performance stock units would vest over four years based on achieving increases in the Company’s stock price from the date of grant ranging from 150%, to earn 25% of the performance stock units, to 300% to earn the entire award of performance stock units. Each performance stock unit constituted the right to receive one share of Company common stock upon vesting. The senior advisor resigned in June 2021 and the option to purchase 1,614,492 shares of Company common stock, all restricted stock unit awards granted and all performance stock unit awards granted were forfeited.
In March 2021, the Company also granted 152,628 restricted stock units to several members of the board of directors subject to standard terms of these awards.
2015 Stock Plan
In 2015, the Company established its 2015 Stock Plan. As of March 11, 2021, the effective time of the Colonnade Merger, the Company no longer grants equity awards pursuant to the 2015 Plan, but it continues to govern the terms of outstanding stock options that were granted prior to that date.
2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company’s 2022 ESPP has been offered to all eligible employees since August 2022 and generally permits certain employees to purchase shares of our common stock through payroll deductions of up to 15% of their compensation of each offering period, subject to certain limitations. The 2022 ESPP has overlapping offering periods, with each offering period lasting 24 months. Under the 2022 ESPP, the purchase price of a share under the ESPP equals 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of a share of common stock on either the first or last day of each offering period, but no less than the par value per share of common stock. As of December 31, 2022, 6.6 million shares of our common stock were available for issuance under the 2022 ESPP. The maximum amount that an employee can contribute during a purchase right period is $7,500. The stock-based compensation expense is calculated as of the beginning of the offering period as the fair value of the 2022 ESPP shares utilizing the Black-Scholes option valuation model and is recognized over the offering period. The first offering period under the 2022 ESPP commenced on September 6, 2022. During fiscal 2022 employees purchased approximately 0.3 million shares of common stock under the 2022 ESPP at a purchase price of $1.1730, with proceeds of $0.4 million.
Stock Options Assumed from Acquisition
On October 22, 2021 (“Effective Time”), the Company closed the acquisition of Sense pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger and Plan of Reorganization (“Sense Agreement”). Pursuant to the Sense Agreement, upon the completion of the transaction, the Company assumed the Sense 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Sense Plan”). In addition, pursuant to the Sense Agreement, at the Effective Time, each outstanding option to purchase Sense common stock and each award of time-based RSUs in respect of shares of Sense common stock held by Sense employees, in each case, that was outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time was automatically adjusted by the Exchange Ratio (as defined in the Sense Agreement) and converted into an equity award of the same type covering shares of the Company’s common stock, on the same terms and conditions, (including, if applicable, any continuing vesting requirements) under the applicable Sense plan and award agreement in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time (the “Assumed Awards”).
In connection with the closing of the acquisition, 823,114 stock options and 4,490,980 RSUs were assumed.
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Promissory Notes
On October 12, 2020, the Company issued $1.1 million partial recourse promissory notes to certain executives and employees. The promissory notes carried 0.38% annual cash interest and were due on earliest of 9th anniversary of the date of issuance of the notes, or termination of employment of the executive/employee, or filing by the Company of a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, or promissory notes being prohibited under Section 13(k) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or closing of change a in control of the Company. At issuance, the promissory notes were used to settle certain executives’ and employees’ obligations for 2,883,672 vested and 4,603,833 unvested ISOs that were exercised and no cash was exchanged. In March 2021, in connection with the close of the Colonnade Merger, the Company forgave half of the respective obligations under the promissory notes for certain executives and required such noteholders to repay the remaining balance of $0.5 million under each of their respective notes. Additional compensation expense of $0.5 million was recognized in general and administrative expenses in the year ended December 31, 2021.
The Company recognized stock-based compensation for all stock options in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
Cost of revenue$783 $637 $657 
Research and development14,611 7,240 6,059 
Sales and marketing7,065 3,823 640 
General and administrative10,862 13,663 4,701 
Total stock-based compensation$33,321 $25,363 $12,057 
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense by award type (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
RSUs$24,236 $13,306 $— 
Stock Options8,851 12,035 11,064 
Employee stock purchase plan220 — — 
RSAs14 22 993 
Total stock-based compensation$33,321 $25,363 $12,057 
Stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
Number of
Shares
Underlying
Outstanding
Options
Weighted-
Average Exercise
Price per Share
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (in years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding—January 1, 20201,599,645 $6.58 8.8$3,020 
Options granted37,663,242 0.45 9.4363,941 
Options exercised(12,221,364)0.20 121,106 
Options cancelled(1,309,020)1.58 — 
Outstanding—December 31, 202025,732,503 $0.56 9.5$245,746 
Options assumed through acquisition823,114 5.05 8.3125 
Options granted645,796 10.26 9.3— 
Options exercised(2,155,348)0.22 10,742 
Options cancelled(916,969)0.30 4,492 
Outstanding—December 31, 202124,129,096 $1.01 8.6$100,992 
Options exercised(2,133,181)0.20 4,639 
Options cancelled(978,753)2.86 1,015 
Outstanding—December 31, 202221,017,162 $1.01 7.7$8,285 
Vested and expected to vest—December 31, 202221,017,162 $1.01 7.7$8,285 
Exercisable—December 31, 202212,398,966 $0.91 7.7$5,178 
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The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2022.
Options Outstanding
Exercise
Price
Options
Outstanding
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
Options
Exercisable
$0.18 3,773,175 7.52,933,506 
$0.21 8,814,619 7.84,908,617 
$1.42 7,524,114 7.84,075,561 
$5.24 259,457 5.8212,201 
$10.26 645,797 8.4269,081 
21,017,162 12,398,966 
No options were granted during the year ended December 31, 2022. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $5.90 and $1.10, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value of options assumed during the year ended December 31, 2021 was $3.11.
As of December 31, 2022, there was approximately $13.6 million of unamortized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years.
Cash received from option exercises and purchases of shares was $0.8 million, $0.5 million and $1.3 million for years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The weighted-average assumptions in the Black-Scholes option-pricing models used to determine the fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
20212020
Expected term (in years)6.05.0 - 6.1
Risk-free interest rate1.0%0.3% - 1.5%
Expected volatility63.2%57.4% - 63.3%
Expected dividend rate0%0%
The weighted-average assumptions in the Black-Scholes option-pricing models used to determine the fair value of stock options assumed during the year ended December 31, 2021 were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2021
Expected term (in years)3.1 - 5.6
Risk-free interest rate0.8% - 1.3%
Expected volatility44.1% - 48.6%
Expected dividend rate0%
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Restricted Stock Units (“RSU”)
A summary of RSUs activity under the Plan is as follows:
Number of
Shares
Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair
Value (per share)
Unvested—January 1, 2021— $— 
Assumed through acquisition4,490,980 6.55 
Granted during the year5,899,954 9.39 
Canceled during the year(552,072)8.89 
Vested during the year(512,290)10.30 
Unvested—December 31, 20219,326,572 $7.82 
Granted during the year15,710,791 $2.74 
Canceled during the year(4,071,027)$5.60 
Vested during the year(4,456,143)$6.16 
Unvested—December 31, 202216,510,193 $3.98 
As of December 31, 2022, total compensation expense related to unvested RSUs granted to employees, but not yet recognized, was $61.9 million, with a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 2.7 years.
Note 13. Employee benefit plan
In 2018, the Company adopted a defined contribution retirement savings plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. This plan covers substantially all employees who meet minimum age and service requirements and allows participants to defer a portion of their annual compensation on a pre-tax basis. The Company at its discretion offers matching contributions of up to 4% of each employee’s annual compensation. The Company provided matching contributions of $1.5 million, $1.0 million and $0.7 million to the plan during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Note 14. Net Loss Per Common Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except share and per share data):
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
Numerator:
Net loss$(138,560)$(93,981)$(106,780)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares used to compute basic and diluted net
loss per share
177,923,156 133,917,571 17,858,976 
Net loss per common share-basic and diluted$(0.78)$(0.70)$(5.98)
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The following outstanding shares of potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive:
December 31,
202220212020
Redeemable convertible preferred stock— — 88,434,754 
Options to purchase common stock21,017,162 22,675,729 25,732,503 
Public and private common stock warrants15,999,900 15,999,900 4,443,862 
Restricted Stock Units16,510,193 10,106,993 — 
Unvested early exercised common stock options750,276 2,043,288 6,212,254 
ESPP shares pending issuance2,511,432 — — 
Unvested RSAs— 17,466 146,675 
Vested and early exercised options subject to nonrecourse notes— — 2,151,100 
Total56,788,963 50,843,376 127,121,148 
Note 15. Income taxes
Income (loss) before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
Domestic$(139,295)$(96,956)$(106,508)
Foreign1,040 181 103 
Total$(138,255)$(96,775)$(106,405)
The components of income tax expense are as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
Current:
Federal$— $— $— 
State62 
Foreign243 36 23 
Total current expense305 37 24 
Deferred:
Federal— (2,185)— 
State— (646)351 
Foreign— — — 
Total deferred (benefit) expense— (2,831)351 
Total income tax expense (benefit)$305 $(2,794)$375 
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A reconciliation between the statutory U.S. federal rate and the Company’s effective tax rate is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
Tax at federal statutory rate$(29,034)$(20,323)$(22,344)
State income taxes, net of federal benefit57 (644)1,330 
Stock compensation5,587 1,271 2,786 
Foreign rate differential25 (2)— 
Tax credits(539)(539)(539)
Fair value changes - warrants(1,564)(619)11,192 
Valuation allowance25,666 20,058 (6,812)
Non-deductible expenses78 (2,031)(485)
Convertible debt cancellation of indebtedness income— — 15,079 
Other29 35 168 
Total tax provision (benefit)$305 $(2,794)$375 
Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities for federal and state income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

20222021
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards$43,990 $42,721 
Credits4,828 3,955 
Stock based compensation3,653 2,826 
Accruals and reserves1,748 1,248 
Fixed assets2,771 991 
Operating lease liability3,631 4,360 
Capitalized research and development expenditures15,875 — 
Gross deferred tax assets76,496 56,101 
Valuation allowance(69,608)(47,420)
Net deferred tax assets6,888 8,681 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangible property(4,077)(5,287)
Operating lease, right of use assets(2,811)(3,394)
Gross deferred tax liabilities(6,888)(8,681)
Net deferred tax assets$— $— 
The Company has established a full valuation allowance of $69.6 million and $47.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, against its net deferred tax assets. The Company determines its valuation allowance on deferred tax assets by considering both positive and negative evidence in order to ascertain whether it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will be realized. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income, if any, the timing and amount of which are uncertain. Due to the history of losses the Company has generated in the past, the Company believes that it is not more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets can be realized as of December 31, 2022. Accordingly, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets.
The valuation allowance on the Company’s net deferred taxes increased by $22.2 million and $28.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in valuation allowance is primarily attributable to the generation of net operating losses and capitalization of research and development expenditures, which became enacted for tax year beginning after December 31, 2021, during 2022.
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As of December 31, 2022, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $246.2 million and $124.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, federal net operating loss carryforwards generated after December 31, 2017 will be carried forward indefinitely and the state net operating loss carryforward begins expiring in 2031 through 2042. As of December 31, 2022, the amount of federal net operating loss that does not expire is $237.7 million.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $224.4 million and $146.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, federal net operating loss carryforwards generated after December 31, 2017 will be carried forward indefinitely and the state net operating loss carryforward begins expiring in 2035. As of December 31, 2021, the amount of federal net operating loss that does not expire is $215.9 million.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company had federal and state research and development credit carryforwards of approximately $4.7 million and $2.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had federal and state research and development credit carryforwards of approximately $4.0 million and $2.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 the federal credits will expire starting in 2035, if not utilized and state credits carryforward indefinitely.
The Tax Reform Act of 1986 and similar state legislation impose substantial restrictions on the utilization of the net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards in the event there is a change in ownership as provided by Section 382 and Section 383 of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. Such ownership change could result in the limitation and /or expiration of the net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards before utilization, which could result in increased future tax liabilities. While the Company has experienced ownership shifts, there has been no limitation or loss of tax attributes as of December 31, 2022.
Beginning January 1, 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act”) eliminated the option to deduct research and development expenditures in the current year and requires taxpayers to capitalize such expenditures pursuant to Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) Section 174. The capitalized research and development expenditures are amortized over a 5-year period for domestic expenses and a 15-year period for foreign expenses. As a result of this provision of the Tax Act, deferred tax assets related to capitalized research expenditures increased by $15.9 million.
ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), requires that the tax benefit of net operating losses, temporary differences, and credit carryforwards be recorded as an asset to the extent that management assesses that realization is “more likely than not.” Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent on the Company’s ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryforward period. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021 the Company has reviewed the positive and negative evidence relating to the realizability of the deferred tax assets and has concluded that the deferred tax assets are more likely than not to not be realized.
The balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2022, and 2021 was $18.8 million and $18.5 million, respectively. Out of the total unrecognized tax benefits, $0.1 million at December 31, 2022, if recognized, would impact our effective tax rate in the period of recognition. The Company does not expect its unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly over the next 12 months. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company has not accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The following table sets forth the change in the uncertain tax positions for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
Balance at the beginning of the year$18,534 $971 $651 
Decreases:
For current year’s tax positions— — — 
For prior years’ tax positions(64)— — 
Increases:
For current year’s tax positions320 551 320 
For prior years’ tax positions22 17,012 — 
Balance at the end of the year$18,812 $18,534 $971 
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. for Federal, California, and other US states, as well as miscellaneous foreign jurisdictions. In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by taxing authorities. The Company has not been audited by the Internal Revenue Service or any state income or franchise tax agency. As of December 31, 2022, its federal returns for the years ended December 31, 2016 through the current period and the state
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returns for the years ended December 31, 2016 through the current period are still open to examination. In addition, all of the net operating losses and research and development credit carry-forwards that may be used in future years are still subject to inquiry given that the statute of limitation for these items would begin in the year of the utilization.
Note 16. Related Party Transactions
See Note 7. Debtfor details of promissory notes issued by the Company to certain investors of the Company (or an affiliate thereof).
See Note 12. Stock-based compensation for details of partial recourse promissory notes issued by the Company to certain executives and employees.
Note 17. Revenue
Revenue from the sale of lidar sensor kits, which is recognized at a point in time, was $41.0 million, $33.6 million and $16.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Service revenue from non-recurring engineering work in relation to the Company’s new product release in early 2020 for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $2.0 million.
The following table presents total revenues by geographic area based on the location products were shipped to and services provided (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
Americas$15,977 $15,656 $8,764 
Asia and Pacific9,510 7,334 4,270 
Europe, Middle East and Africa15,542 10,588 5,870 
Total$41,029 $33,578 $18,904 
Note 18. Subsequent Events
As noted above, on February 10, 2023, the Company completed the Velodyne Merger with Velodyne pursuant to the terms of the Velodyne Agreement with Velodyne, Velodyne Merger Sub I and Velodyne Merger Sub II. In connection with the closing of the Velodyne Merger, the Company and Velodyne now operate as a single combined company. Velodyne shares ceased trading on the Nasdaq after market close on February 10, 2023, and each Velodyne share was exchanged for 0.8204 shares of Ouster common stock. The combined company will keep the name Ouster and continue to trade on New York Stock Exchange under the ticker “OUST.”
In connection with the closing of the Velodyne Merger the Company undertook actions to reduce operating expenses by initiating a reduction in force that is expected to impact approximately 180-200 employees and consolidating some of its facilities, including Velodyne’s facility in India (collectively, the “Restructuring Initiatives”). The Restructuring Initiatives are expected to result in a range of approximately $27.0 million - $30.0 million of aggregate charges, which we anticipate to include $12.0 million - $13.0 million of one-time cash termination benefits, $0.5 million of termination costs related to the facility in India, and approximately $14.5 million - $16.5 million of non-cash stock-based compensation charge related to the vesting of share-based awards for employees who are terminated. These actions are consistent with the Company’s previously stated intention to derive operational synergies from the combined enterprise resulting from the Mergers. Through these initiatives, the Company seeks to streamline the organization and re-balance resources to better align with the Company’s priorities following the Mergers. The Company anticipates that most of these charges will be recognized in the Company’s first fiscal quarter of 2023.
On January 20, 2023, Oban Merger Sub, Inc. (“Merger Sub”) and Oban Merger Sub II LLC (“Merger Sub II”, together with Merger Sub, collectively, the “Subsidiary Guarantors”) entered into the Joinder Agreement by and between the Subsidiary Guarantors and Hercules, pursuant to which the Subsidiary Guarantors became guarantors under the Loan Agreement.
On February 10, 2023, the Company entered into the Third Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the “Third Amendment”), which amends certain provisions of the Loan Agreement to (i) increase the existing debt baskets for (a) purchase money debt and capital leases, and (b) letter of credit obligations; (ii) provide for increased flexibility to maintain cash in non-US accounts; and (iii) provide for increased flexibility to relocate certain equipment.
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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures
The information required by this Item 9 was previously reported in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A that was filed with the SEC March 15, 2021.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Limitations on Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2022. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2022 due to the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting described below.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act).
Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, conducted an assessment as of December 31, 2022 of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control–Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, our management concluded that, as of December 31, 2022, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective due to the material weaknesses described below.
We identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
We did not design and maintain an effective control environment commensurate with our financial reporting requirements. Specifically, we did not maintain a sufficient complement of personnel with an appropriate degree of internal controls and accounting knowledge, experience, and training commensurate with our accounting and reporting requirements. This material weakness contributed to the following additional material weaknesses:
We did not design and maintain effective controls over the period-end financial reporting process to achieve complete, accurate and timely financial accounting, reporting and disclosures, including segregation of duties and adequate controls related to journal entries and certain other business processes, and verifying transactions are properly classified in the financial statements. This material weakness resulted in adjustments to several account balances and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and adjustments to the equity and warrant liabilities accounts and related disclosures in the condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
We did not design and maintain effective controls over certain information technology (“IT”) general controls for information systems that are relevant to the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Specifically, we did not design and maintain (i) program change management controls to ensure that information technology program and data changes affecting financial IT applications and underlying accounting records are identified, tested, authorized and implemented appropriately and (ii) user access controls to ensure appropriate segregation of duties and that adequately restrict user and privileged access to our financial applications, programs and data to appropriate personnel. This material weakness did not result in a material misstatement to the consolidated financial statements, however, the deficiencies, when aggregated, could impact maintaining effective segregation of duties, as well as the effectiveness of IT-dependent controls (such as automated controls that address the risk of material misstatement to one or more assertions, along with the IT controls and underlying data that support the effectiveness of system-generated data and reports) that could result in misstatements potentially impacting all financial statement accounts and disclosures that would not be prevented or detected.
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Additionally, each of these material weaknesses could result in a misstatement of account balances or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.
Remediation Measures Taken
We have taken several measures to design and implement controls to improve our internal control over financial reporting and continue to make progress towards establishing an effective internal control framework to remediate the foregoing material weaknesses. Our efforts included the following:
Recruiting additional personnel with appropriate internal controls, accounting knowledge and experience commensurate with our accounting and reporting requirements, in addition to engaging and utilizing third party consultants and specialists.
Enhancing entity level controls (ELCs) including increasing Board and Audit Committee oversight, expanding senior management review of financial and business performance, creating an internal audit function and charter, and providing code of conduct and compliance training to company employees.
Strengthening IT governance and designing IT general controls including restricted user access to our internal systems for financial reporting, and IT change management
Designing and implementing additional controls for financial close and reporting including review of accounting policies, journal entry review controls, review of significant or non-routine transactions, period end close procedures, financial statement preparation, review, and reporting, and controls within various business processes as they relate to financial reporting. This included design and implementation of controls around classification of balances in our financial statements and strengthening processes for management oversight over financial reporting and disclosure controls.
Conducting internal control trainings for personnel responsible for implementing internal controls for the Company.
While these actions and planned actions are subject to ongoing management evaluation and will require validation and testing of the design and operating effectiveness of internal controls over a sustained period, we are committed to continuous improvement and will continue to diligently review our internal control over financial reporting.
Attestation Report of Registered Public Accounting Firm
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 was not required to be audited by our auditors under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes Oxley Act, 2022 due to Ouster being deemed a Non-accelerated filer and smaller reporting company (SRC) within the definition of Rule 12b-2 as the company’s public float was below the specified thresholds as of June 30, 2022. Accordingly, this Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of our independent registered accounting firm.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were issued. Based uponno changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not applicable.
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Part III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Code of Conduct
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code of Conduct”) that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer and/or controller, and persons performing similar functions. A copy of the Code of Conduct is available on our Investors website at investors.ouster.com in the “Governance” section. We expect that any amendments to the Code of Conduct, or any waivers of its requirements, that are required to be disclosed by SEC or NYSE rules will be disclosed on our website. We did not grant any waivers to the Code of Conduct in fiscal 2022.
The remaining information required by Items 401, 405, 406 and 407(c)(3), (d)(4) and (d)(5) of Regulation S-K will be included under the headings “Election of Directors,” “Executive Officers” “Corporate Governance,” and “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” (if applicable) in our definitive proxy statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and such required information is incorporated herein by reference.
Information About Our Executive Officers & Directors
The following table provides information regarding our executive officers and members of our board of directors (ages are calculated of the date of this review,Annual Report on Form 10-K):
NameAgePosition at OusterPrincipal Employment
Angus Pacala    34Director, Co-Founder and Chief Executive OfficerSame
Mark Frichtl34Co-Founder and Chief Technology OfficerSame
Mark Weinswig50Chief Financial OfficerSame
Darien Spencer59Chief Operating OfficerSame
Megan Chung49General Counsel and SecretarySame
Nathan Dickerman46President of Field OperationsSame
Theodore L. Tewksbury, Ph.D.66Executive Chairman of the BoardFormer Chief Executive Officer of Velodyne Lidar, Inc.
Virginia Boulet69DirectorFormer Managing Director of Legacy Capital, LLC
Susan Heystee61DirectorFormer Senior Vice President of Global Automotive Business at Verizon Connect
Ernest Maddock64DirectorFormer Chief Financial Officer of Micron Technology, Inc.
Karin Rådström44DirectorChief Executive Officer of Mercedes-Benz Trucks
Kristin Slanina53DirectorChief Innovation Officer at ParkMyFleet
Riaz Valani46DirectorGeneral Partner and Founder of Global Asset Capital
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by Items 402, 407(e)(4), and (e)(5) of Regulation S-K will be included under the headings “Executive Compensation” and “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” (if applicable) in our definitive proxy statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and such information is incorporated herein by reference.




107

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Securities Authorized For Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans (As of December 31, 2022):
Plan category:Number of Securities to
be Issued Upon Exercise
of Outstanding Options,
Warrants, and Rights
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants, and Rights
Number of Securities
Available for Future
Issuance Under Equity
Compensation Plans
(excludes securities
Reflected in first column)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(1)
37,527,355 (2)$1.01 15,051,217 
Restricted Stock Units16,510,193 (3)$— 
Options to Purchase Common Stock21,017,162 (4)$1.01 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan(6)
— 

$— 6,627,990 
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders— $— — 
(1)Consists of the Ouster, Inc. 2021 Incentive Award Plan (“2021 Plan”), Ouster Inc. Amended and Restated 2015 Stock Plan (“2015 Plan”) and Sense Photonics, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan and (“Sense Plan”).
(2)The number of shares authorized under our 2021 Plan will increase on the first day of each calendar year beginning on January 1, 2022 and ending on and including January 1, 2031, equal to the lesser of (A) 5% of the shares of Common Stock outstanding as of the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year and (B) such lesser number of shares as determined by our board of directors. No additional awards will be granted under the 2015 Plan or the Sense Plan and, as a result, no shares remain available for issuance for new awards under the 2015 Plan or the Sense Plan.
(3)Consists of 15,065,926 outstanding restricted stock units under the 2021 Plan and 1,444,267 outstanding restricted stock units under the Sense Plan.
(4)Consists of 20,111,908 outstanding options to purchase stock under the 2015 Plan, 645,797 outstanding options to purchase stock under the 2021 Plan and 259,457 outstanding options to purchase stock under the Sense Plan.
(5)As of December 31, 2022, the weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options under the 2015 Plan was $0.66, the weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options under the 2021 Plan was $10.26 and the weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options under the Sense Plan was $5.24.
(6)Represents Ouster, Inc. 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and total number of shares remaining available under the plan.
The remaining information required by Item 403 of Regulation S-K will be included under the heading “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in our definitive proxy statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and such required information is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by Items 404 and 407(a) of Regulation S-K will be included under the headings “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions,” “Corporate Governance” and “Director Independence” in our definitive proxy statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and such information is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by Item 9(e) of Schedule 14A of the Exchange Act will be included under the heading “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees and Other Matters” in our definitive proxy statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and such information is incorporated herein by reference.
108

Part IV
109

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a)(1) Financial Statements.
The consolidated financial statements of the Company did not identify any subsequent events that wouldare listed in the index under Part II, Item 8, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules.
All financial statement schedules for the Company have required adjustment or disclosurebeen included in the consolidated financial statements.

statements or the related footnotes, or are either inapplicable or not required.

(a)(3) Exhibits.
The following is a list of exhibits filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Exhibit NumberDescriptionIncorporated by Reference
FormFile No.ExhibitFiling DateFiled/ Furnished herewith
S-4 POS333-2516113.13/10/2021
S-4 POS333-2516113.23/10/2021
8-K001-394634.18/25/2020
S-1333-2403784.28/4/2020
*
8-K001-387034.12/7/2022
8-K001-387034.110/18/2018
10-K001-3946310.12/28/2022
8-K001-3946310.23/15/2021
8-K001-3946310.33/15/2021
8-K001-3946310.5(a)3/15/2021
8-K001-3946310.3(b)3/15/2021
S-4333-25161110.612/22/2020
S-4/A333-25161110.131/28/2021
S-4/A333-25161110.13(a)1/28/2021
S-4/A333-25161110.13(b)1/28/2021
110

S-4/A333-25161110.13(c)1/28/2021
S-4/A333-25161110.13(d)1/28/2021
S-4/A333-25161110.13(e)1/28/2021
S-4/A333-25161110.13(f)1/28/2021
S-4/A333-25161110.13(g)1/28/2021
S-4/A333-25161110.141/28/2021
S-4/A333-25161110.14(a)1/28/2021
S-4/A333-25161110.14(b)1/28/2021
10-K001-3946310.6(c)2/28/2022
*
8-K001-394632.110/5/2021
S-8333-26057699.110/29/2021
10-K001-3946310.9(a)2/28/2022
S-1333-25498710.94/2/2021
S-1333-25498710.9(a)4/2/2021
S-1333-25498710.9(b)4/2/2021
S-1333-25498710.9(c)4/2/2021
8-K001-3946310.16/14/2022
10-Q001-3946310.15/6/2022
10-Q001-3946310.544873
111

8-K001-3946310.111/7/2022
*
8-K001-3946310.211/7/2022
8-K001-3870310.16/14/2021
10-Q001-3946310.211/8/2022
10-Q001-3946310.411/8/2022
10-Q001-3870310.111/9/2022
8-K001-3870310.210/5/2020
8-K001-3870310.510/5/2020
S-8333-26974899.1(b)2/14/2023
8-K001-3870310.12/7/2022
*
*
*
*
*
**
**
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.*
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
112

Exhibit

Number

Description

  2.1Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December  21, 2020, by and among Colonnade Acquisition Corp., Beam Merger Sub, Inc. and Ouster, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the corresponding exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-251611), filed with the SEC on December 22, 2020).
  3.1Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (Incorporated by reference to the corresponding exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39463), filed with the SEC on August 25, 2020).
  4.1Specimen Unit Certificate (Incorporated by reference to the corresponding exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-l (File No. 333-240378), filed with the SEC on August 4, 2020).
  4.2Specimen Ordinary Share Certificate (Incorporated by reference to the corresponding exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-l (File No. 333-240378), filed with the SEC on August 4, 2020).
  4.3Specimen Warrant Certificate (Incorporated by reference to the corresponding exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-l (File No. 333-240378), filed with the SEC on August 4, 2020).
  4.4Warrant Agreement between Colonnade Acquisition Corp. and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, dated as of August  20, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39463), filed with the SEC on August  25, 2020).
10.1Letter Agreement among Colonnade Acquisition Corp. and BTIG, LLC, dated as of August  20, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to the corresponding exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No.  001-39463), filed with the SEC on August 25, 2020).
10.2Investment Management Trust Agreement between Colonnade Acquisition Corp. and Continental Stock Transfer  & Trust Company, dated as of August 20, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to the corresponding exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No.  001-39463), filed with the SEC on August 25, 2020).
10.3Registration Rights Agreement among Colonnade Acquisition Corp., Colonnade Sponsor LLC and the holders signatory thereto, dated as of August 20, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to the corresponding exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39463), filed with the SEC on August 25, 2020).
10.4Private Placement Warrants Purchase Agreement between Colonnade Acquisition Corp. and Colonnade Sponsor LLC, dated as of August  20, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to the corresponding exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No.  001-39463), filed with the SEC on August 25, 2020).
10.5Administrative Services Agreement by and among Colonnade Acquisition Corp. and Colonnade Sponsor LLC, dated as of August  20, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to the corresponding exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No.  001-39463), filed with the SEC on August 25, 2020).
10.6Form of Indemnity Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (File No. 333-240378), filed with the SEC on August 4, 2020).
10.7Promissory Note, dated as of June  30, 2020 by Colonnade Acquisition Corp. in favor of Colonnade Sponsor LLC, in the amount of $300,000 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (File No. 333-240378), filed with the SEC on August 4, 2020).
10.8Securities Subscription Agreement by and among Colonnade Acquisition Corp. and Colonnade Sponsor LLC, dated June  30, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (File No. 333-240378), filed with the SEC on August  4, 2020).
24.1Power of Attorney (included on signature pages herein).
31.1Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS101.LABXBRL Instance Document
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF XBRLTaxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB XBRLTaxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
*
101.PRE XBRLInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)*

The annexes, schedules, and certain exhibits to this Exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Registrant hereby agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted annex, schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request.


#Certain portions of this exhibit (indicated by “[***]”) have been omitted pursuant to Regulation S-K, Item 601(b)(10).
*Filed herewith.
**Furnished herewith.
+Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.





























113

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

March 9, 2021

COLONNADE ACQUISITION CORP.
By:Ouster, Inc.
Date: March 24, 2023

By:

/s/ Remy W. Trafelet

Mark Weinswig
Name:Name: Remy W. TrafeletMark Weinswig
Title:Title: Chief ExecutiveFinancial Officer (principal financial officer and Directorprincipal accounting officer)

POWER OF ATTORNEY

The undersigned of Colonnade Acquisition Corp. hereby constitute and appoint each of Joseph S. Sambuco and Remy W. Trafelet, with the power to act without the others and with full power of substitution and resubstitution, our hue and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent with full power to execute in our name and behalf in the capacities indicated below any and all amendments to this report and to file the same, with all exhibits and other documents relating thereto and hereby ratify and confirm all that such attorney-in-fact, or such attorney-in-fact’s substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated below.

indicated.

Name

Signature
Title

Title

Date

/s/ Angus PacalaDirector, Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)March 24, 2023
Angus Pacala

/s/ Joseph S. Sambuco

Mark Weinswig
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)March 24, 2023
Mark Weinswig
*Executive Chairman of the Board of DirectorsMarch 9, 202124, 2023
Joseph S. SambucoTheodore L. Tewksbury, Ph.D.
*DirectorMarch 24, 2023
Virginia Boulet
*DirectorMarch 24, 2023
Susan Heystee
*DirectorMarch 24, 2023
Ernest Maddock
*DirectorMarch 24, 2023
Karin Rådström
*DirectorMarch 24, 2023
Kristin Slanina
*DirectorMarch 24, 2023
Riaz Valani

/s/ Remy W. Trafelet

Chief Executive Officer and DirectorMarch 9, 2021
Remy W. Trafelet(Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
*By:

/s/ James C. Flores

Mark Weinswig,
As Attorney in Fact
DirectorMarch 9, 202124, 2023
James C. Flores
Mark Weinswig,
As Attorney in Fact

/s/ Emil W. Henry, Jr.

DirectorMarch 9, 2021
Emil W. Henry, Jr.

/s/ Manny De Zárraga

DirectorMarch 9, 2021
Manny De Zárraga


114