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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

(Mark One)
xANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 2021

OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

oANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from  ____  to

____

Commission file number:number 001-39128

Stable Road Acquisition Corp.

Momentus Inc
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware84-1905538

Delaware

84-1905538
(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

1345 Abbot Kinney Blvd.

Venice, California

90291No.)
3901 N. First Street
San Jose, California
95134
(Address of principal executive offices)Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code)

Registrant’s


(650) 564-7820
Registrant's telephone number: (883) 478-2253

number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b)section 12(g) of the Act:

Title of Each Classeach classTrading Symbol(s)Name of Each Exchangeeach exchange on Which Registeredwhich registered
Units, each consisting of one share of Class A Common Stock and one-half of one Redeemable Warrantcommon stockSRACUMNTSThe Nasdaq StockCapital Market LLC

Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share

Warrants
SRACMNTSWThe Nasdaq StockCapital Market LLC

 Redeemable Warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for one share of Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50

SRACWThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes o No ☒  

x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
Yes o No ☒  

x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrantregistrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports),; and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ☐  

o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes  x    No  ☐  

o



Table of Contents
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer   ☐oAccelerated filer   ☐o
Non-accelerated filer     ☒xSmaller reporting company ☒x
Emerging growth company ☒x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes o   No  

Asx

The aggregate market value of June 28, 2019, the last business dayvoting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the registrant’s securities were not publicly traded. The registrant’s units began tradingStable Road Acquisition Corp. (“SRAC”), our predecessor on June 30, 2021, based on the Nasdaq Capital Market on November 8, 2019 andclosing price of $13.97 for shares of the registrant’s shares ofSRAC’s Class A common stock, was approximately $241.7 million. Shares of common stock beneficially owned by each executive officer, director, and warrants began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market on December 30, 2019.

Asholder of March 26, 2020, there were 17,795,000 sharesmore than 10% of SRAC’s Class A common stock and 4,312,500have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.


The registrant had outstanding 81,211,781 shares of Class B common stock as of the registrant issued and outstanding. 

December 31, 2021.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
None.
Auditor Firm Id:32Auditor Name:Armanino LLPAuditor Location:San Ramon, CA


Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
PART I1Page
PART - I
1
Risk Factors16
Unresolved Staff Comments46
46
Legal Proceedings46
Mine Safety Disclosures46
Part II
PART II47
Market for Registrant’sRegistrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and IssuerIssue Purchases of Equity Securities47
Selected Financial Data47
Management’s Momentus’ Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations48
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk50
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data51
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure51
Controls and Procedures51
Other Information51
Part III.
PART III52
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance52
Executive Compensation56
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters57
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence58
Principal Accounting Fees and Services59
Part IV.
60
Item 15.Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules60
Form 10-K Summary60

i

3


CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report,Annual Report on Form 10-K (this "Form 10-K”), including, without limitation, statements under the heading “Management’sheadings "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the "Securities Act") and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.1934, as amended, (the "Exchange Act"). Generally, statements that are not historical facts, including statements concerning Momentus Inc.’s (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) possible or assumed future actions, business strategies, events, or results of operations, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the words “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “potential,” “projects,” “predicts,” “continue,”"believes," "estimates," "anticipates," "expects," "intends," "plans," "may," "will," "potential," "projects," "predicts," "continue," or “should,”"should," or, in each case, their negative or other variations or comparable terminology.terminology, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. There can be no assurance that actual results will not materially differ from expectations. Such statements include, but are not limited to, any statements relating to our ability to consummate any acquisition or other business combination and any other statements that are not statements of current or historical facts. These statements are based on management’s current expectations, but actual results may differ materially due to various factors, including, but not limited to: 

our ability to complete our initial business combination;

our success in retaining or recruiting, or changes required in, our officers, key employees or directors following our initial business combination;

our officers and directors allocating their time to other businesses and potentially having conflicts of interest with our business or in approving our initial business combination, as a result of which they would then receive expense reimbursements;

our potential ability to obtain additional financing to complete our initial business combination;

our pool of prospective target businesses;

failure to maintain the listing on, or the delisting of our securities from, Nasdaq or an inability to have our securities listed on Nasdaq or another national securities exchange following our initial business combination;

the ability of our officers and directors to generate a number of potential investment opportunities;

our public securities’ potential liquidity and trading;

the lack of a market for our securities;

the use of proceeds not held in the trust account or available to us from interest income on the trust account balance; or

our financial performance.

The forward-looking statements contained in this reportAnnual Report on Form 10-K are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. Future developments affecting us may not be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) and other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, butwithout limitation, the ability of the Company to obtain licenses and government approvals for its missions, which are not limitedessential to those factorsits operations; the ability of the Company to effectively market and sell satellite transport services and planned in-orbit services; the ability of the Company to protect its intellectual property and trade secrets; the development of markets for satellite transport and in-orbit services; the ability of the Company to develop, test and validate its technology, including its water plasma propulsion technology; delays or impediments that the Company may face in the development, manufacture and deployment of next generation satellite transport systems; the ability of the Company to convert backlog or inbound inquiries into revenue; changes in applicable laws or regulations and extensive and evolving government regulations that impact operations and business, including export control license requirements; the ability to attract or maintain a qualified workforce with the required security clearances and requisite skills; level of product service or product or launch failures or delays that could lead customers to use competitors’ services; investigations, claims, disputes, enforcement actions, litigation and/or other regulatory or legal proceedings; the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business; the Company’s ability to comply with the terms of its National Security Agreement and any related compliance measures instituted by the director who was approved by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (“CFIUS”) Monitoring Agencies (the “Security Director”); the possibility that the Company may be adversely affected by other economic, business, and/or competitive factors; and/or other risks and uncertainties described under the heading “RiskItem 1A: "Risk Factors." Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws. These risks and others described under “Risk Factors”Item 1A: "Risk Factors" may not be exhaustive.

By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and developments in the industry in which we operate may differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this report.Annual Report on Form 10-K. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements. In addition, even if our results or operations, financial condition and liquidity, and developments in the industry in which we operate are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this report,Annual Report on Form 10-K, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods.

ii

Summary of Risk Factors

Unless otherwise stated

Risks Related to the Business and Industry of Momentus
We have not yet delivered customer satellites into orbit using any of our transfer and service vehicles, and any setbacks we may experience during our initial mission and other demonstration and commercial missions could have a material adverse effect on our business
A key component of our business model is the delivery of satellites using our vehicles from low earth orbit to other orbits. The technology for this maneuver is still in this report,the development stage and has not been validated through actual deployment and testing in space.
4

We may not receive all required governmental licenses and approvals
We have incurred significant losses since inception, we expect to incur losses in the future and we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability.
We may not be successful in developing new technology, and the context otherwise requires, references to:

·“common stock” are to our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock, collectively;

·“founder shares” are to shares of our Class B common stock initially purchased by our sponsor in a private placement prior to our initial public offering, and the shares of our Class A common stock issued upon the conversion thereof as described herein;

·“initial stockholders” are to our sponsor and any other holders of our founder shares (or their permitted transferees);

·“management” or our “management team” are to our officers and directors;

·“private placement warrants” are to the warrants issued to our sponsor in a private placement simultaneously with the closing of our initial public offering;

·“public shares” are to shares of our Class A common stock sold as part of the units in our initial public offering (whether they were purchased in such offering or thereafter in the open market);

·“public stockholders” are to the holders of our public shares, including our initial stockholders and management team to the extent our initial stockholders and/or members of our management team purchase public shares, provided that each initial stockholder’s and member of our management team’s status as a “public stockholder” shall only exist with respect to such public shares;

·“public warrants” are to our redeemable warrants sold as part of the units in our initial public offering (whether they were purchased in our initial public offering or thereafter in the open market) and to any private placement warrants or warrants issued upon conversion of working capital loans that are sold to third parties that are not initial purchasers or executive officers or directors (or permitted transferees) following the consummation of our initial business combination;

·“sponsor” are to SRC-NI Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company;

·“warrants” are to our redeemable warrants, which includes the public warrants as well as the private placement warrants to the extent they are no longer held by the initial purchasers of the private placement warrants or their permitted transferees; and

·“we,” “us,” “company” or “our company” are to Stable Road Acquisition Corp..

iii

technology we are successful in developing may not meet the needs of our customers or potential new customers.

We operate in highly competitive industries and in various jurisdictions across the world which may cause us to have to reduce our prices.

PART I

Item 1.Business.

Our Company

Momentus’ limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate its future prospects and the risks and challenges it may encounter.
The market for in-space infrastructure services has not been established with precision, may grow more slowly than expected.
We may not be able to convert our orders in backlog into revenue.
The cyclical nature of the space industry could negatively impact our ability to accurately forecast customer demand. We may not be able to maintain adequate gross margins or profits in these markets.
We are an early stage blank check company recently formeddependent on third-party launch vehicles to launch our vehicles and customer payloads into space and any delay could have a material adverse impact to our financial condition and results of operations.
We may be unable to manage our future growth effectively, which could make it difficult to execute our business strategy.
We may experience a total loss of our vehicle and our customers’ payloads during the launch into space.
Our business involves significant risks and uncertainties that may not be covered by insurance.
If our spacecraft fail to operate as intended, it could have a Delaware corporationmaterial adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We cannot provide assurances that our satellites will continue to operate successfully in space throughout their expected operational lives.
Our revenue, results of operations and reputation may be negatively impacted if our satellites fail to meet contractual requirements or our products contain defects or fail to operate in the expected manner.
Our secured loan facility contains various covenants that limit our management’s discretion in the operation of our business.
We rely on a limited number of suppliers for certain raw materials and supplied components. We may not be able to obtain sufficient raw materials or supplied components to meet our manufacturing and operating needs.
We expect to face intense competition in satellite transport and related services and other services which we may develop in the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganizationspace transportation industry.
If we fail to adequately protect our intellectual property rights or similar business combinationour intellectual property applications for registration fail to become issued or registered, our competitive position could be impaired.
We may experience warranty claims for failures, schedule delays or other problems with oneexisting or more businesses. Throughout this Report we will refernew products.
We are subject to this as our initial business combination. While our efforts to identify a target business may span many industriesvarious requirements and regions worldwide,restrictions under the NSA, and we are focusingincurring significant costs to comply with those requirements and may be subject to significant monetary penalties if we are found not to be in compliance with the requirements and restrictions under the NSA. In addition, restrictions under the NSA could limit our search for prospects withinbusiness activities.
The Security Director required by the cannabis industry whichNSA has substantial latitude over certain business decisions and operations of Momentus, and to the extent that certain arrangements relating to the Security Director are determined not to be permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), such arrangements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are highly dependent on our senior management team and other highly skilled personnel, and if we are not directlysuccessful in attracting or retaining highly qualified personnel, we may not be able to successfully implement our business strategy.
Our operating results may fluctuate significantly, which makes our future operating results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results to fall below expectations or any guidance we may provide.
5

If we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of internal controls, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations could be adversely affected, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us.
We are currently involved in the production, distributiona litigation as well as may become involved in future litigations that may materially adversely affect us
Momentus’ management team has limited experience managing a public company and sale of cannabis (i.e. businesses that “touch the plant”)several members have been with Momentus for less than 12 months.
Regulatory Risks
We are subject to stringent U.S. export and that are compliantimport control laws and regulations. Our failure to comply with all applicablethese laws and regulations within the jurisdictions in which they are located or operate. We will not invest in, or consummatecould have a material adverse effect on our business, combination with, a targetfinancial condition and results of operations.
Our business that we determine has been operating, or whose business plan is to operate, in violation of U.S. federal laws, including the U.S. Controlled Substances Act. Our ability to locate a potential target is subject to the uncertainties discussed elsewhere in this Report.

Although the cannabis industry has evolved significantly and continues to mature, we believe the industry is still undercapitalized and companies operating across multiple verticals consistently have trouble accessing capital from traditional sources. Historically, businesses that operate within the legal cannabis industry in the U.S. have relied largely on private money — friends and family, high net-worth individuals and small-to-medium-sized private investment firms, as institutional investors have shied away from companies in the cannabis industry, especially those that are directly involved in the production, distribution and sale of cannabis. Even businesses that do not touch the plant and instead provide ancillary services to the industry have found it extremely difficult to access large pools of institutional capital. As a result, we believe we have the opportunity to create a compelling structure that will enable a target company to go public, thereby accessing significant capital for both organic growth and for acquisitions of synergistic and often undercapitalized assets. Given the rapid growth of the legal cannabis market, management believes that the ability to move quickly to capitalize on new opportunities will be critical to success in creating stakeholder value.

Our Management Team

Our management team has broad experience in identifying targets and acquiring businesses through different economic cycles and under diverse market conditions. We believe our management team is well positioned to identify and evaluate businesses within the cannabis sector that would benefit from their skills and access to the public markets. We believe our management team offers extensive experience in growing and operating companies, as well as a deep network of contacts, in the cannabis sector.

Our management team has over 60 years of combined professional experience and is led by Brian Kabot, the chief investment officer of Stable Road Capital, and Juan Manuel Quiroga, the chief investment officer of NALA Investments. Stable Road Capital is a single-family office managing a portfolio of investments across public securities, private credit, private equity, real estate, venture capital, and cannabis. NALA Investments is a single-family office with investment interests across various industries including communications, transportation, consumer products, real estate, technology and media. Stable Road Capital and NALA Investments manage, in the aggregate, over $1.0 billion of investment capital. Through Stable Road Capital and NALA Investments, Mr. Kabot and Mr. Quiroga have, in the aggregate, executed over 20 transactions within or ancillary to the cannabis sector and have been responsible for investing over $150 million within or ancillary to the cannabis sector since July 2017. We believe that our management team’s investment experience and network of relationships developed through recent investment activity in the cannabis industry will provide us with a substantial number of potential acquisition opportunities.

Brian Kabot

Mr. Kabot, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, has over 19 years of principal investing experience and has served as Chief Investment Officer of Stable Road Capital since July 2017. Mr. Kabot previously served as the Director of Research at Eschaton Opportunities Fund Management LP, a management company for two global value hedge funds, and as a partner and Deputy Portfolio Manager of Riverloft Capital. Mr. Kabot serves as a director of the Treehouse Real Estate Investment Trust, a private real estate investment trust. Mr. Kabot also serves as a director of Old Pal, LLC, a private cannabis brand company, and Grenco Science LLC, a private developer of vape pens and portable vaporizers. He is also a Strategic Advisor to The Cannabis ETF (NYSE: THCX), a newly-launched cannabis-oriented exchange-traded fund managed by Innovation Shares LLC.

James Norris

Mr. Norris, our Chief Financial Officer, has more than 18 years of experience in the investment management industry. Since November 2018, Mr. Norris has served as the Chief Financial Officer of Stable Road Capital. Mr. Norris previously served as the Chief Financial Officer of Cycad Management LLC, a single family investment office, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Compliance Officer of Blue Jay Capital Management LLC, a SEC-registered investment management firm focused on equity investments in the healthcare sector, the Controller and Chief Compliance Officer of Expo Capital Management LLC, a SEC-registered investment management firm, and a Manager at PriceWaterhouseCoopers.

1

Juan Manuel Quiroga

Mr. Quiroga, our Chief Investment Officer, has over 20 years of experience in the financial sector, including 14 years of principal investing experience. Since August 2015, Mr. Quiroga has served as Chief Investment Officer of Nala Investments. From September 2007 to August 2015, Mr. Quiroga served as Senior Vice President of Darby Private Equity. From August 2005 to August 2007, Mr. Quiroga served as a Vice President of Market Intelligence at General Electric Capital Solutions. Prior to that, from 1996 to 1998 and from 2000 to 2003, Mr. Quiroga worked for Grupo Financiero Banorte in Mexico City and New York City, where he collaborated on the creation of an asset management and financial derivatives division. Mr. Quiroga currently serves on the board of directors of Acrecent Financial Corporation, Cobiscopr and Good Media Company.

Past performance of our management team, Stable Road Capital or NALA Investments is not a guarantee either (i) of success with respect to any business combination we may consummate or (ii) that we will be able to identify a suitable candidate for our initial business combination. You should not rely on the historical performance record of our management team, Stable Road Capital or NALA Investments as indicative of our future performance. Additionally, in the course of their respective careers, members of our management team have been involved in businesses and deals that were unsuccessful. Our officers and directors have no other experience with blank check companies or special purpose acquisition companies. In addition, our executive officers and directors may have conflicts of interest with other entities to which they owe fiduciary or contractual obligations with respect to initial business combination opportunities.

Business Strategy

Our strategy is to pursue one or more business combinations with companies servicing and operating adjacent or ancillary to, the cannabis sector but which are not directly involved in the production, distribution and sale of cannabis (i.e. businesses that “touch the plant”). We are focusing our efforts on seeking and completing an initial business combination with one or more companies that have an aggregate enterprise value in excess of $300 million, although target entities with a smaller enterprise value may be considered. We are seeking potential targets which we believe can materially grow revenue and earnings both organically and inorganically through the efforts of our management team. These may include targets that can benefit from access to capital in order to: (i) increase spending on strategic initiatives that are expected to generate favorable returns and which can accelerate revenue and earnings growth; (ii) invest in infrastructure or technology; or (iii) fundamentally restructure their business operations.

We are pursuing opportunities across a number of verticals providing support to the cannabis industry with a particular focus on companies within the following sectors:

Hardware — vaporization products, cannabis accessories and other products featuring a recurring revenue model

Software — seed to sale tracking, dispensary business software, point of sale solutions and compliance-related software

Labs — cannabis testing across flower, concentrates and infused products

Distribution — supply chain partners, inventory management, shipping and logistics

Real Estate — retail and industrial properties for recreational and medical cannabis facilities

Brands — focus on unique business models such as licensing and direct to consumer

Packaging — premier cannabis compliant packaging across all product types

In pursuit of our business strategy, we are:

Opportunity Identification.    Utilizing the extensive network of our management team to identify candidates for a possible business combination including cannabis industry investors, business owners, industry thought leaders, advisors, members of our sponsor, financial intermediaries, managers and others;

Target and Industry Evaluation.    Conducting a thorough assessment of the growth potential for possible targets including research and analysis of current and future market opportunities; and

Transaction Assessment.    Conducting rigorous due diligence on one or more targets, including a review of company-specific information as well as an analysis of the overall industry and competitive landscape.

We will also seek to:

Financing.   Arrange appropriate financing to provide the target company with adequate capital to execute its business plan;

Transaction Pricing.    Structure the transaction at a price that management deems attractive relative to its view of intrinsic value and future potential;


Operational Optimization.    Implement operational and financial business planning which we believe can accelerate the growth of the target while providing it with appropriate financial and operational flexibility; and

Follow on Acquisition Opportunities.    Seek further strategic acquisitions, divestitures or other transactions following a business combination with the goal of further enhancing shareholder value.

Acquisition Criteria

We have identified the following general criteria and guidelines that we believe are consistent with our acquisition philosophy and our management’s experience, and that we believe are important in evaluating prospective target businesses. We use these criteria and guidelines to evaluate acquisition opportunities, but we may decide to enter into our initial business combination with a target business that does not meet these criteria and guidelines.

We are seeking a business combination with one or more companies that we believe possess some or all of the following characteristics:

Operates adjacent or ancillary to the cannabis industry, but does not “touch the plant” and complies with all U.S. federal laws;

Is highly scalable;

Has strong intellectual property including brands, technology, software, methods, etc.;

Has an institutional mindset/infrastructure;

Has a strong professional management team with deep networks within the cannabis sector and the ability to adapt to a quickly changing business environment;

Has potential to achieve significant growth in revenue and earnings;

Has potential to generate attractive returns on invested capital, with incremental investment opportunities that will allow the company to increase earnings;

Has strong intellectual property, a defensible business model, a strong competitive position established customer relationships, and sustainable margins;

Has potential to grow via add-on acquisitions or is viewed as an appropriate platform for a future roll-up strategy;

Can benefit from expected consolidation within the cannabis industry;

Can benefit from additional managerial guidance and strategic initiatives to reposition the company, accelerate growth or refocus the business on strategies that will result in value creation;

Will be well received by financial markets as a public company; and

Has the potential to generate risk-adjusted returns that are attractive for our stockholders.

These criteria are not intended to be exhaustive. Any evaluation relating to the merits of a particular initial business combination may be based, to the extent relevant, on these general guidelines as well as other considerations, factors and criteria that our management team may deem relevant. In the event that we decide to enter into our initial business combination with a target business that does not meet the above criteria and guidelines, we will disclose that the target business does not meet the above criteria in our stockholder communications related to our initial business combination, which, as discussed in this Report, would be in the form of proxy solicitation materials or tender offer documents that we would file with the SEC.

Competitive Strengths

We have leveraged and will continue to leverage the following competitive strengths in seeking to achieve our business strategy:

Experienced management team with proven expertise in deploying capital within the cannabis ecosystem

We believe that our management team’s long and diverse transaction experience provides us with a competitive advantage. Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer has over 19 years of principal investing experience across a number of industries as an owner or financier and our Chief Investment Officer has over 14 years of principal investing experience. Stable Road Capital and NALA Investments manage, in the aggregate, over $1.0 billion of investment capital. Through Stable Road Capital and NALA Investments, Mr. Kabot and Mr. Quiroga have, in aggregate, executed over 20 transactions within or ancillary to the cannabis sector and have been responsible for investing over $150 million within or ancillary to the cannabis sector since July 2017. In addition to deep transaction experience in the cannabis sector and related support industries, our management team has extensive experience acquiring companies for private equity investors. Their transaction history includes control private equity investments, distressed debt for control transactions, and a hostile takeover of a public company.


Utilizing our management team’s extensive sourcing network to identify the leading companies and assets servicing the cannabis industry

Our management team has an extensive network of relationships with asset owners (including venture equity fund managers, private market investors and individuals), management teams, industry thought leaders, stakeholders, industry experts, consultants, professionals and financial intermediaries. Stable Road Capital and NALA Investments have led a number of capital raising rounds, and members of the management team have served on the board of directors of companies within the cannabis and cannabis services space. We believe these relationships will provide access to attractive acquisition opportunities.

Leveraging management’s extensive experience in capital markets

Our management team has substantial cross capital structure experience in both the private and public markets. Their cannabis transaction experience includes private and public companies as well as debt and equity investments across various stages of a company’s lifecycle. In addition, our management team has also overseen portfolios that invested in a wide variety of non-cannabis transactions, including private equity, public equities, privateadditional extensive and public credit, real estate,evolving government laws and venture capital. We view this broad experience in capital marketsregulations. Failure to becomply with such laws and regulations could have a competitive advantage in sourcingmaterial adverse effect on our business.

While Momentus currently has a prospective business combination.

Implementing operational best practices and financial structuring opportunities post-closing

We have leveraged and will continue to leverage our management team’s principal investing experience to develop and implement strategies to improve the operational and financial performance of the business combination target to create a platform for growth. Specifically, our management team intends to evaluate opportunities for industry consolidation in the target’s core lines of business as well as opportunities to vertically or horizontally integrate with other industry participants. We also intend to structure and execute a business combination that will provide the target business with a capital structure that provides flexibility to grow organically and through strategic acquisitions or divestitures to drive shareholder value.

Initial Business Combination

Nasdaq rules require that we must complete one or more business combinations having an aggregate fair market value of at least 80% of the value of the assets held in the trust account (excluding the deferred underwriting commissions and taxes payable on the interest earned on the trust account) at the time of our signing a definitive agreement in connection with our initial business combination. Our board of directors will make the determination as to the fair market value of our initial business combination. If our board of directors is not able to independently determine the fair market value of our initial business combination, we will obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm or another independent entity that commonly renders valuation opinions with respect to the satisfaction of such criteria. While we consider it unlikely that our board of directors will not be able to make an independent determination of the fair market value of our initial business combination, it may be unable to do so if it is less familiar or experiencedcontract with the businessU.S. Government, our customers and suppliers could be materially impacted by disruptions in U.S. government operations and funding could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, earnings and cash flows, and otherwise adversely affect our financial condition.

Changes in U.S. government policy regarding use of a particular targetcommercial data or if there is a significant amountspace infrastructure / mission providers, or material delay or cancellation of uncertainty as to the value of a target’s assets or prospects. However, we intend to satisfy the 80% requirement even if our securities are not listed on Nasdaq at the time of our initial business combination.

We anticipate structuring our initial business combination either (i) in such a way so that the post-transaction company in which our public stockholders own shares will own or acquire 100% of the equity interests or assets of the target business or businesses, or (ii) in such a way so that the post-transaction company owns or acquires less than 100% of such interests or assets of the target business in order to meet certain objectives of the target management team or stockholders, or for other reasons. However, we will only complete an initial business combination if the post-transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires a controlling interest in the target sufficient for it not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Even if the post-transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the voting securities of the target, our stockholders prior to the initial business combination may collectively own a minority interest in the post-transaction company, depending on valuations ascribed to the target and us in the initial business combination. For example, we could pursue a transaction in which we issue a substantial number of new shares in exchange for all of the outstanding capital stock of a target. In this case, we would acquire a 100% controlling interest in the target. However, as a result of the issuance of a substantial number of new shares, our stockholders immediately prior to our initial business combination could own less than a majority of our outstanding shares subsequent to our initial business combination. If less than 100% of the equity interests or assets of a target business or businesses are owned or acquired by the post-transaction company, the portion of such business or businesses that is owned or acquired is what will be taken into account for purposes of Nasdaq’s 80% fair market value test. If the initial business combination involves more than one target business, the 80% fair market value test will be based on the aggregate value of all of the transactions and we will treat the target businesses together as the initial business combination for purposes of a tender offer or for seeking stockholder approval, as applicable.

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Our Business Combination Process

We believe our management team’s operational and investment track record in the cannabis industry and related sectors provides us with a deep understanding of challenges faced by business operators and owners of cannabis-related assets. We conduct robust due diligence as we evaluate a prospective target business to assess attributes that differentiate sustainable cannabis-servicing businesses from unattractive assets. Our diligence includes an assessment of the company’s competitive advantage through meetings with management and key employees, key customers, interactions with consultants and experts within our network, visits of key operating facilities and a review of financial, legal and operational documents. We also have the ability to bring creative solutions from a capital structure, growth, vision and operational standpoint to unlock shareholder value. In addition, we have retained and worked with financial advisors and legal counsel as well as industry consultants to conduct due diligence, develop strategic plans, and implement operational strategies.

We are not prohibited from pursuing an initial business combination with a company that is affiliated with Stable Road Capital, NALA Investments, or our sponsor, officers or directors. In the event we seek to complete our initial business combination with a company that is affiliated with Stable Road Capital, NALA Investments or our sponsor, officers or directors, we, or a committee of independent directors, will obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm or another independent entity that commonly renders valuation opinions that our initial business combination is fair to our company from a financial point of view.

Members of our management team directly or indirectly own our founders shares, common stock and/or private placement units, and, accordingly,U.S. government programs, may have a conflict of interest in determining whether a particular targetmaterial adverse effect on our business is an appropriate business

Contracts with which to effectuate our initial business combination. Further, each of our officers and directors may have a conflict of interest with respect to evaluating a particular business combination if the retention or resignation of any such officers and directors were to be included by a target business as a condition to any agreement with respect to our initial business combination.

Certain of our officers and directors presently have fiduciary or contractual obligations to other entities, including Stable Road Capital and NALA Investments, pursuant to which such officer or director is or will be required to present a business combination opportunity. Accordingly, if any of our officers or directors becomes aware of a business combination opportunity which is suitable for an entity to which he or she has then-current fiduciary or contractual obligations, he or she will honor his or her fiduciary or contractual obligations to present such opportunity to such entity. We believe, however, that the fiduciary duties or contractual obligations of our officers or directors will not materially affect our ability to complete our initial business combination. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that we renounce our interest in any corporate opportunity offered to any director or officer unless such opportunity is expressly offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of our company and such opportunity is one we are legally and contractually permitted to undertake and would otherwise be reasonable forU.S. government subject us to pursue,risks including early termination, audits, investigations, sanctions and penalties.

Risks Related to the extent the directorOwnership of Class A Common Stock
An active trading market for Class A common stock may never develop or officer is permittedbe sustained, which may make it difficult to refer that opportunity to us without violating another legal obligation.

We may need to obtain additional financing either to complete our initial business combination or because we become obligated to redeem a significant number of our public shares upon completion of our initial business combination. We intend to acquire a company with an enterprise value significantly abovesell the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the sale of the placement units. Depending on the size of the transaction or the number of public shares we become obligated to redeem, we may potentially utilize several additional financing sources, including but not limited to the issuance of additional securities to the sellers of a target business, debt issued by banks or other lenders or the owners of the target, a private placement to raise additional funds, or a combination of the foregoing. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination because we do not have sufficient funds available to us, we will be forced to cease operations and liquidate the trust account. In addition, following our initial business combination, if cash on hand is insufficient to meet our obligations or our working capital needs, we may need to obtain additional financing.

After the initial business combination, our management team intends to apply a rigorous approach to enhancing shareholder value, including evaluating the experience and expertise of incumbent management and making changes when appropriate, examining growth, cost savings and acquisition opportunities, and accessing the financial markets to optimize the company’s capital structure. Subsequent to the closing of the initial business combination we expect to pursue initiatives through participation on the board of directors, through direct involvement with company operations or contacting former managers and advisors when necessary.

Our Management Team

Members of our management team are not obligated to devote any specific number of hours to our matters but they devote as much of their time as they, in the exercise of their respective business judgment, deem necessary to our affairs and intend to continue doing so until we have completed our initial business combination. The amount of time that any member of our management team devotes in any time period may vary based on whether a target business has been selected for our initial business combination and the current stage of the business combination process. We do not have an employment agreement with any member of our management team.

We believe our management team’s operating and transaction experience and relationships with companies will provide us with a substantial number of potential business combination targets. Over the course of their careers, the members of our management team have developed a broad network of contacts and corporate relationships in the cannabis industry. This network has grown through the activities of our management team sourcing, acquiring and financing businesses, our management team’s relationships with sellers, financing sources and target management teams and the experience of our management team in executing transactions under varying economic and financial market conditions.

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Status as a Public Company

We believe our structure makes us an attractive business combination partner to target businesses. As a public company, we offer a target business an alternative to the traditional initial public offering through a merger or other business combination with us. Following an initial business combination, we believe the target business would have greater access to capital and additional means of creating management incentives that are better aligned with stockholders’ interests than it would as a private company. A target business can further benefit by augmenting its profile among potential new customers and vendors and aid in attracting talented employees. In a business combination transaction with us, the owners of the target business may, for example, exchange their shares of stock in the target business for our shares of Class A common stock (or shares of a new holding company) or for a combination of our shares of Class A common stock and cash, allowing us to tailor the consideration to the specific needs of the sellers.

Although there are various costs and obligations associated with being a public company, we believe target businesses will find this method a more expeditious and cost effective method to becoming a public company than the typical initial public offering. you receive.

The typical initial public offering process takes a significantly longer period of time than the typical business combination transaction process, and there are significant expenses in the initial public offering process, including underwriting discounts and commissions, marketing and road show efforts that may not be present to the same extent in connection with an initial business combination with us.

Furthermore, once a proposed initial business combination is completed, the target business will have effectively become public, whereas an initial public offering is always subject to the underwriter’s ability to complete the offering, as well as general market conditions, which could delay or prevent the offering from occurring or could have negative valuation consequences. Following an initial business combination, we believe the target business would then have greater access to capital and an additional means of providing management incentives consistent with stockholders’ interests and the ability to use its shares as currency for acquisitions. Being a public company can offer further benefits by augmenting a company’s profile among potential new customers and vendors and aid in attracting talented employees.

While we believe that our structure and our management team’s backgrounds will make us an attractive business partner, some potential target businesses may view our status as a blank check company, such as our lack of an operating history and our ability to seek stockholder approval of any proposed initial business combination, negatively.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act. As such, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the prices of our securities may be more volatile.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We intend to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following November 13, 2024, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion, or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market valueprice of our Class A common stock and warrants may be volatile, which could cause the value of your investment to decline.

Future sales of shares by Company officers, directors, other insiders or existing stockholders and future exercise of registration rights may adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock.
We do not plan to declare any dividends in the foreseeable future.
If securities and industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research or reports, about our business or our market, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
Our charter documents and Delaware law could prevent a takeover that stockholders consider favorable and could also reduce the market price of the Class A common stock.

PART I
Item 1. Business
Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to Momentus.
Background and Business Combination
On August 12, 2021, the Company consummated a merger pursuant to certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 7, 2020, and as amended on March 5, 2021, April 6, 2021, and June 29, 2021 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Stable Road Acquisition Corp (“SRAC”), Project Marvel First Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of SRAC (“First Merger Sub”), and Project Marvel Second Merger Sub, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of SRAC (“Second Merger Sub”), pursuant to which First Merger Sub merged with and into Momentus Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Legacy Momentus”) with Legacy Momentus as the surviving corporation of the First Merger Sub, and immediately
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following which Legacy Momentus merged with and into the Second Merger Sub, with the Second Merger Sub as the surviving entity (the “Business Combination”). In connection with the closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), the Company changed its name from Stable Road Acquisition Corp. to Momentus Inc., and Legacy Momentus changed its name to Momentus Space, LLC.
The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization under ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations ("ASC 805") in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). Under this method of accounting, SRAC, who was the legal acquirer, is heldtreated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes and Legacy Momentus is treated as the accounting acquirer. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Business Combination is treated as the equivalent of a capital transaction in which Legacy Momentus issued stock for the net assets of SRAC, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded, and Legacy Momentus’ financial statements became those of the Company. Reported shares and earnings per share available to holders of the Company’s common stock, prior to the Business Combination, have been retroactively restated as shares reflecting the exchange ratio established in the Business Combination. See Note 3 for more information.
Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, at the Closing, each share of SRAC’s Class B Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class B Common Stock”), converted into one share of SRAC’s Class A Common Stock. After the Closing and following the effectiveness of the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, each share of Class A Common Stock was automatically reclassified, redesignated and changed into one validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable share of the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, without any further action by non-affiliates exceeds $700the Company or any stockholder thereof.
Prior to the Business Combination, SRAC’s units, public shares, and public warrants were listed on the Nasdaq under the symbols “SRACU,” “SRAC,” and “SRACW,” respectively. On August 13, 2021, the Company's Class A common stock and public warrants began trading on the Nasdaq, under the symbols “MNTS” and “MNTSW,” respectively.
On October 7, 2020 and subsequently amended on July 15, 2021, SRAC entered into subscription agreements with certain investors (the “PIPE Investors”) to which such investors collectively subscribed for an aggregate of 11,000,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at $10.00 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $110.0 million (the “PIPE Investment”). The PIPE Investors were also granted an equal number of private warrants to purchase the Company’s Class A common stock at $11.50 per share. The warrants were recorded as a derivative liability under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging and the warrant liability was initially valued at $30.5 million. See Note 11 for more information. The PIPE Investment was consummated concurrently with the closing of the Business Combination.
Overview
Momentus is a U.S. commercial space company that plans to offer transportation and infrastructure services to help enable the commercialization of space. Satellite operators are our principal customers and target customers. Services that we plan to provide include “last mile” satellite transportation, payload-hosting, on-orbit satellite refueling, on-orbit inspection, on-orbit satellite maintenance, de-orbiting, debris removal, and other satellite-to-satellite service offerings. We believe our planned service offerings will increase deployment options for satellite operators and lower their operating costs relative to traditional approaches while also minimizing environmental impact given our choice of water as a propellant.
We plan to provide these services with Orbital Transfer Vehicles (“OTVs”) that we design and manufacture. While we plan to eventually operate a family of progressively larger and more capable OTVs, we are currently focused on developing the first vehicle of the family, Vigoride, which will primarily operate in low earth orbit (LEO). We believe that Vigoride, once further developed, tested and validated, will have the potential to deliver fast, versatile, and cost-effective transportation and infrastructure services to our customers. We anticipate performing our inaugural mission with Vigoride as early as June 2022, subject to receipt of licenses and government approvals, and successful completion of our current efforts to get the system ready for flight. Refer to our risk factor “We may not receive all required governmental licenses and approvals”
Our transportation service offering will focus on delivering our customers’ satellites to precision orbits of their choosing. To accomplish this, we plan to create a hub-and-spoke transportation network in partnership with leading launch service providers, such as SpaceX. Under this model, our customers’ satellites would “ride share” from Earth to space on a midsized or large rocket. Our OTVs would then provide “last mile” transportation services from the rocket’s drop-off orbit to a custom orbit of the satellite operator’s choosing. We believe our hub-and-spoke model
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has the potential to expand our customers’ deployment options relative to what they would be able to achieve with ride share launch alone, while reducing their costs relative to what they could achieve with a dedicated small launch vehicle. Over time, we plan to begin introducing additional services beyond “last mile” transportation.
Our OTVs will initially be expendable, meaning they will de-orbit themselves upon completion of their first mission. However, our goal is to eventually make our OTVs reusable, or capable of remaining in space to conduct follow-on missions, which has the potential to lower our cost to deliver services to our customers. To achieve reusability, we need to develop additional technologies that will allow our vehicles to 1.) locate and navigate to customer satellites in space, 2.) physically connect to them, and 3.) perform a variety of robotic operations including fluid transfer. We are developing these capabilities for Vigoride, but expect them to be scalable to work with larger vehicles that we plan to develop in the future. Refer to “Risk Factors — A key component of our business model is the delivery of satellites using our vehicles from low earth orbit to other orbits. The technology for this maneuver is still in the development stage...”
Since our founding in 2017, we have been working to develop, test and enhance our vehicles and supporting technologies, particularly our water plasma propulsion technology. We have signed contracts for approximately $67 million in backlog (potential revenue), as of January 31, 2022. These agreements contain firm orders as well as options, allowing customers to opt-in to launches on shorter notice without requiring a separate agreement. The breadth of these signed contracts spans across 24 companies. In general, our customers have the prior June 30th, and (2)right to cancel their contracts with the date on whichunderstanding that they will forgo their deposits. If a customer cancels a contract before it is required to pay non-refundable deposits, we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period.

Financial Position

With funds available in the trust accountmay not receive revenue from these orders, except for an initial business combinationdeposit which is paid at the time the contract is signed. Refer to “Risk Factors —We may not be able to convert our orders in backlog into revenue.”

Commercial Space Industry
Our services are made possible by the space industry’s rapid technological developments over the past two decades, driven predominantly by significant decreases in launch costs, as well as the advent of smaller, lower-cost satellites. This convergence of trends has led to increased access to space, new market entrants and accelerated growth in the number of commercial satellites being placed into orbit.
In the launch market, we believe we are witnessing significant shifts caused by the emergence of large, partially reusable rockets such as SpaceX’s Falcon-9 and Blue Origin’s New Glenn, and the advent of new fully reusable vehicles such as SpaceX’s Starship and Relativity’s Terran R. Reliable, low-cost access to space is lowering the entry barriers for new service models and has allowed new entrants to grow quickly. In the future, we anticipate further disruption from a new breed of much larger, fully reusable rockets such as Starship. With these much larger rockets, launch costs could fall far enough to enable new applications that would not be economically viable with current generation launch vehicles.
Another paradigm shift in the commercial space market is the rise of the small satellite (smallsat). Prior to 2018, only a few dozen smallsats (total mass below approximately 200 kg) were launched per year. Today, the number has grown to several hundred per year and is on track to reach more than several thousand per year. Moreover, the rise of this market has also created a new market segment in microsatellites (total mass below approximately 100 kg) and nanosatellites (total mass below approximately 10 kg). While these satellites can be deployed individually, they can also be operated as part of a constellation, a large group of satellites interconnected to provide a service, such as the Starlink satellite constellation’s offering of global internet connectivity.
Smallsat proliferation has led operators to explore new ways of accessing space. To meet their needs, small launch providers (i.e., small rockets carrying up to approximately 500kg) have emerged as options for smaller payloads. While accessing space often costs up to ten times more per kilogram on a small rocket compared to a large rocket, such as Falcon-9, it is often uneconomical for small satellite operators to purchase a dedicated large rocket that may have up to one hundred times more payload capacity than a small rocket. “Ride sharing” on a large rocket is a more accessible option as it can drastically lower the cost for a small satellite operator to reach space, albeit with reduced deployment options compared to a dedicated launch vehicle as “ride share” payloads are often all released into the same orbit. Conversely, a dedicated small rocket, while more expensive compared to ride sharing on a larger rocket, can increase deployment options for small satellite operators by offering them direct access to precision orbits of their choosing.
We anticipate there could be considerable growth over the coming years in the space transportation segment as companies continue to seek versatile and low-cost ways to deliver single satellites to specific orbits or deploy their satellite constellations. We anticipate that the need for small satellite transportation to LEO will continue to drive overall demand growth for space transportation services in the short-term as technology advancements continue to
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make space more accessible to new market entrants, although new applications beyond LEO are also emerging. We also believe that over the next decade, new space-based businesses may emerge, for example the generation of solar energy in space, space manufacturing or space data processing. The advent of these new business models could substantially increase demand for space transportation and other space infrastructure services.
Beyond transportation, we anticipate that growth of the satellite constellations market may drive demand for our Hosted Payload, on-orbit satellite refueling, on-orbit inspection, on-orbit satellite maintenance, de-orbiting, debris removal, and other satellite-to-satellite service offerings, if we are successful in executing on our business plan, including fully developing and validating our technology in space. Satellite constellations have relatively low lifespans and, in our view, will require maintenance, de-orbiting, and other general servicing with higher frequency.
Planned Service Offerings
We are developing our OTVs to provide safe, affordable, reliable, and regular in-space services to our customers, including Space Transportation, Payload Hosting, and In-Orbit Servicing. We are designing our Vigoride vehicle to deliver small customer payloads anywhere in LEO. However, we also plan to design larger vehicles to carry larger payloads to more distant orbits.
If our technology is fully developed and validated in the future, we currently plan to provide the following infrastructure services to the space economy:
Space Transportation: We are designing a space transportation service based on a hub-and-spoke model, which combines ride share launch on a medium or large rocket with last-mile delivery using one of our OTVs. Under this model, our customers will deliver their payload to us a few months prior to launch for integration onto our vehicle. Once we have integrated our customers’ payloads, we will then ship our vehicle, holding the customer payload fixture, to the launch site, where it will be integrated onto the rocket. The rocket will then transport our vehicle to the drop-off orbit. After separation from the rocket, our vehicle will transport our customers’ payloads to their chosen final orbit.
We believe our hub-and-spoke model has the potential to expand our customers’ deployment options relative to what they could achieve with ride share launch alone, while reducing their costs relative to what they could achieve with a dedicated small launch vehicle. For example, a microsatellite operator could ride share launch to a standard orbit on a large rocket for as little as $5,000 per kilogram. Alternatively, transportation to a custom orbit on a dedicated small rocket could cost a microsat operator more than $70,000 per kilogram. We plan to price our hub-and-spoke transportation services to custom orbits above competing ride-share services to standard orbits, but below what a satellite operator would need to pay to access a custom orbit using a dedicated small rocket.
Hosted Payload: We believe our customers can lower their manufacturing costs by applying modularity and standardization to a satellite’s design. In the future, we plan to develop a modular approach to satellite systems through our subscription-based Hosted Payload service. This service is designed to help our customers avoid a meaningful capital outlay to design and manufacture a bespoke satellite as they would under traditional business models, which assumed tight integration of a given payload with its satellite bus. The traditionally bespoke approach to satellite design and manufacturing was a natural consequence of infrequent, expensive launches. Most satellites were one-of-a-kind, and designers would do their best to optimize each satellite’s mass for its mission, given the constraints imposed by the pre-selected launch vehicle. However, as low-cost Earth-to-orbit transportation has become more prevalent, bespoke satellite design and manufacturing costs have come to dominate over launch.
We are designing our transfer vehicles for modularity and ease of integration with customer payloads, and with a full suite of capabilities that our customers will need on orbit. Under our Hosted Payload model, our vehicle, after transporting a customer payload to a specific orbit, would stay connected to the payload for the duration of its mission to provide continuous power, orbit maintenance, orientation, and communications to support telemetry, commanding, and downlinking of payload data. Our objective is to offer a higher degree of modularity which we believe has the potential to significantly increase orbital accessibility and/or lower manufacturing costs for a wide range of satellite operators.
In-Orbit Servicing: We view in-orbit servicing of satellites as a quickly growing business opportunity. As the number of satellites in space increases, so does their need to be serviced. We plan to design Momentus’ future reusable vehicles to be capable of performing in-orbit servicing and are pursuing development activities that support this objective. Although we are still in very preliminary stages for developing this technology, our aim is to equip future vehicles with robotic arms and an ability to maneuver in close
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proximity to other spacecraft and dock or berth with them. Once fully developed, we believe these capabilities could allow us to offer a suite of different in-orbit services, such as inspection, refueling, life extension, re-positioning, salvage missions, maintenance and repair, and de-orbiting.
Total Addressable Market for Our Services
According to Morgan Stanley, the broader space economy is projected to grow from approximately $350 billion in 2016 to over $1 trillion by 2040.
According to Stratistics, the space transportation market is projected to increase from approximately $10 billion in 2018 to approximately $35 billion in 2026. This estimate includes launch services as well as in-space transportation.
Deutsche Bank estimates the current total addressable market (“TAM”) for in-space transportation to be approximately $2 billion annually, and projects this market to approximately double to $4 billion by 2025 including $2-2.5 billion for onboard satellite propulsion and $1.5-2 billion for “space tugs” (OTVs). While this estimate excludes launch services, we would note that we generally bundle launch services from third-party providers with our in-space transportation services.
Our Service Vehicles
Our primary research and development objectives focus on the development of our existing and future in-space transfer and service vehicles and related water plasma propulsion technology.
Vigoride is the first vehicle that we are developing. Once fully developed, tested and validated in space, we expect Vigoride will be sufficient to meet our initial operating plan of offering in-space transportation in LEO to small satellites. We plan to offer services with our Vigoride vehicle beginning as early as June 2022, subject to receipt of licenses and government approvals, and successful completion of our current efforts to get the system ready for flight. The success of our in-space infrastructure services business will depend on our ability to successfully and regularly deliver customer satellites into custom orbits. We have ground-tested several Vigoride vehicles in preparation for flight, including, where appropriate, subsystem- and system level environmental testing, performance testing, and life testing in relevant environments, but we have yet to fly any of these vehicles in space.
Vigoride is intended to transport up to 750 kg of customer payload in LEO, although our payload capacity will likely be lower in most common configurations. We have set the delta-v and host power objectives for Vigoride at 2 km/sec and 1 kW, respectively, which we believe we can achieve a few years into our product roadmap. We have entered into a launch services agreement with SpaceX that secures space for Vigoride on a launch vehicle that SpaceX currently targets operating in June 2022. This would represent the inaugural launch of a complete Momentus vehicle into space and would allow us to further validate Vigoride’s capabilities. While securing space on the manifest is an important step, our plan to launch in June remains subject to the receipt of licenses and other government approvals, and successful completion of our current efforts to get the system ready for flight.
Our planned June launch is intended to be a demonstration mission. While we plan to take a few paying customer payloads along, the primary goals of our inaugural mission are to test Vigoride on orbit and learn from any issues that we may encounter. The lessons learned from this initial flight will help inform changes we can make to future missions as we seek to ultimately certify a design for production. Depending on the nature of issues we encounter, our schedule for future launches and other planned activities could be adversely affected. There can be no assurance that we will not experience operational or process failures and other problems during our inaugural mission or on any other mission. Any failures or setbacks, particularly on our inaugural mission, could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.
Because our technologies have not yet been fully tested, our service offering to our customers on our inaugural mission will be limited. To reflect this, we expect to provide discounts to customers on this mission relative to the price we intend to eventually charge for our transportation services. During our inaugural mission, we plan to demonstrate Vigoride’s ability to deploy satellites at the point at which it is dropped off by the launch vehicle, rather than independently maneuver customer satellites to custom orbits. Once all customer payloads have been released, we plan to perform certain maneuvers and technology demonstrations to validate our technology and establish the potential commercial viability of our strategy. This approach limits risk for us as well as for our customers.
Beyond our planned June launch, we are planning to fly Vigoride again in the second half of 2022, subject to receipt of licenses and government approvals, and successful completion of our current efforts to get the system ready for flight.
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Early Vigoride vehicles will not be reusable, meaning that we will de-orbit them following delivery of their customer payloads. However, around the middle of this decade, we plan to make our vehicles capable of reuse such that, upon delivery of their payloads, they will be able to remain in space to conduct follow-on missions. Establishing reusable vehicles will require significant additional research and technological developments. We believe our choice of water as a propellant will help with the creation of reusable vehicles because water can be stored without special conditions, other than ensuring lines and tanks do not freeze or become obstructed with ice, for an indefinite amount of $165,946,011 (as of December 31, 2019), after payment of $6,900,000 of deferred underwriting fees, before feestime and expenses associated with our initial business combination, we offer a target business a variety of optionspumped easily. Additionally, water is safe and non-hazardous relative to commonly used propellants such as creating a liquidity eventcryogenic components and hypergolic toxic fuels for its owners, providing capitalchemical propulsion, or highly pressurized noble gases (such as Xenon or Krypton) for the potential growth and expansion of its operations or strengthening its balance sheet by reducing its debt or leverage ratio. Becauseelectrical propulsion. We believe that if we are able to complete our initial business combination using our cash, debt or equity securities, or a combination of the foregoing, we have the flexibility to use the most efficient combination thatachieve reusability, it will allow us to tailorlower manufacturing and launch costs on a per-ride basis and achieve higher margins and returns for our investors while also reducing our environmental impact.
Beyond Vigoride, we envision bringing two progressively larger vehicles to market, which we call Ardoride and Fervoride. These vehicles will be similar to our Vigoride vehicle, but with larger structures, larger solar arrays, and more powerful propulsion systems in order to carry progressively larger payloads progressively further from Earth.
Water Plasma Propulsion Technology Overview
We believe our water plasma propulsion technology can provide a competitive advantage for our vehicles and services. The technology is being designed to work as follows: Solar panels attached to our vehicle capture solar energy, which is then converted into microwave energy using standard microwave conversion technology, for which we currently use a magnetron. However, our objective is to shift to solid-state power amplifiers in the considerationfuture. The conversion technology then takes direct current (“DC”) power from the solar arrays and storage batteries and outputs the energy in the form of microwaves into the thrust chamber. Once in the chamber, microwave energy is transferred into the water propellant, creating steam, which is forced through a separate injector. The water is then heated into a plasma state and expelled from the thruster through a separate nozzle, thus creating a propulsive force. This propulsion is what would create motion in space.
What we believe to be paidunique to this technology is its potential ability to be designed for specific combinations of ISP and thrust to improve in-space transportation operations. We believe other space propulsion technologies are unlikely to be designed to operate at the target businesssame mix of ISP and delta v, resulting in each having its disadvantages for transportation missions. We believe our technology has the potential to fitachieve considerable propulsive thrust levels while maintaining high ISP, which would enable shorter mission duration, enhanced reach, and higher payload mass ratios. Our objective is to evolve towards larger and more capable vehicles, and if we are successful in meeting this objective, we expect this technology’s potential capabilities to scale well. We believe modifications will revolve around research and engineering to increase the size of the water tanks, radiation-hardening for our vehicles’ components, and further scaling our thruster technology. While these potential capabilities will require significant development time and expense, we believe that our highly experienced team of engineers will help enable us to successfully enhance and scale our key technologies.
We chose water as our propellant for several reasons. We believe water is significantly safer than all chemical alternatives, allowing for safe testing and associated operating cost savings across the entire testing chain. Beyond testing, water is a safe resource that we believe will also be considerably safer in space than propellants that introduce risk of accidental combustion. Water can also be stored efficiently at low pressures and over the temperature ranges in which spacecraft equipment typically operates, subject to ensuring lines and tanks do not freeze or become obstructed with ice. This avoids the need for high-pressure tanks which themselves pose an explosion hazard.
Another potential key advantage of our technology is its needslow cost of production and desires. However,maintenance. Our engine design consists of inexpensive and readily available materials, resulting in an overall simple design and a vehicle whose propulsion, structure, avionics, and mechanisms can be efficiently and vertically integrated.
Although we believe our water plasma propulsion technology will be a key differentiator for our product offerings, to date, we have not taken any stepsonly conducted a single test of this technology in space. Although we believe our test unit generated plasma in space and validated the theoretical basis of our technology, we have yet to secure third party financingexperimentally confirm the unit’s ability to generate thrust in space, which is crucial to our ability to perform real on-orbit maneuvers. Until we can accomplish this, the technology will remain in the experimental stages. Moreover, even if the unit generates thrust, there can be no assurance that it can be operated in a manner that is sufficiently reliable and efficient to permit full commercialization of the technology. Our statements and beliefs about the viability of our technology are primarily based on theoretical analyses and experimentally observed results during ground testing and our single test of this technology in space. Development of space technologies is extremely complex, time consuming, and
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expensive, and there can be no assurance itthat our predicted theoretical and ground-based results will translate into operational space vehicles that operate within the parameters we expect, or at all.
This Annual Report on Form 10-K describes Momentus’ current business plans for continuing to develop its technology and marketing its products, however there can be no assurance that Momentus will be availableable to us.

Effectingsuccessfully develop its technologies and implement them in commercially viable vehicles. For a further description of the risks associated with our business, see Risk Factors below.

Development Timeline
Momentus has continued to evolve and improve its microwave electro-thermal (“MET”) technology since development began in 2017. Our Initial Business Combination

first-generation X-band thruster, which operates at 30 Watts, was flown aboard a demonstration mission called El Camino Real in mid-2019. During this mission, Momentus launched its first MET into space as a hosted payload on a nanosatellite. The mission’s objective was to demonstrate the MET’s ability to produce water plasma in space by performing 100 one-minute firings. The MET was instrumented with temperature, pressure and RF reflected power sensors to infer the presence of water plasma, which if detected, would indicate that the water propellant was flowing into the thrust chamber and radio frequency energy was being absorbed by the water. Failure of the host satellite in November 2019 prematurely terminated the demonstration after only 23 of the planned 100 firings of the thruster had been performed including 12 hot firings with microwave power turned on and 11 cold firings with the microwave turned off. While a pump issue significantly restricted flow of water into the thruster during nine of the 12 hot firings, preventing plasma-generation, the three hot firings that did have water present were found to have produced plasma. Although pressure and temperature data did not provide sufficient information to either confirm or contradict plasma presence, Momentus believes that the reflected power data collected during the three hot firings with water present to be sufficient to conclude that plasma was produced. Reflected power data collected during these three in-space firings closely matched ground test data collected by similar or identical sensors and associated with observed successful firings of the MET where water plasma was generated. We are not presently engaged in,have incorporated potential solutions to the aforementioned pump issue and we will not engage in, any operations for an indefinite period of time. We intend to effectuate our initial business combination using cashother observed weaknesses from the proceedsEl Camino Real into subsequent iterations of our initial public offeringpropulsion system design, pressure sensor selection and vehicle integration and test process.

The Vigoride vehicle was re-designed in 2020 to increase its payload capacity. Vigoride 2 was designed to use a pair of C-band MET which would each operate at 550 Watts at the private placement of the placement units, the proceeds of the sale of our shares in connection with our initial business combination (pursuant to backstop agreements we may enter into), shares issued to the ownerstarget thrust level and approximately 75% of the target debt issued by banks or other lenders orspecific impulse (Isp) of our internal performance goal. This C-band thruster has undergone extensive development over the ownerslast several years. This early generation of the target, orthruster was life tested to a combinationreduced mission of 350 cycles (firings) and 35 hours of accumulated firing.
While Vigoride 1 and Vigoride 2 are both fully built and ground-tested, we do not currently intend to fly either vehicle in space. Both will be retained in storage and lessons learned from their production and ground-testing will be incorporated into future Vigoride vehicles that we intend to fly.
Vigoride 3 is being built with an upgraded 750-Watt version of the foregoing.C-band MET with the aim of producing greater thrust. Unit qualification and system level functionality testing is complete, and, during the first quarter of 2022, the vehicle completed environmental testing in our thermal vacuum chamber, which simulates the environment in space. Our testing sequence is designed to uncover issues on the ground where we can deal with them more readily and effectively than we could in space. Over the next few weeks, the team will be addressing issues that were uncovered during thermal vacuum testing. After this, the vehicle will undergo vibration testing, which simulates the environment on the launch vehicle, and other ground tests. We may seekexpect Vigoride 3 to completebe fully qualified in the first half of 2022, before our initialplanned inaugural launch, although the schedule is tight. See “Risk Factors — A key component of our business combinationmodel is the delivery of satellites using our vehicles from lower earth orbit to other orbits. The technology for this maneuver is still in the development stage and has not been validated...
Our Relationships with Launch Providers
We are designing each of our vehicles to be compatible with most rockets, and we have not entered into exclusivity arrangements with any single launch provider. We currently do not anticipate any changes to this approach, as we want to maximize our opportunities and retain the optionality to engage with other launch providers. Other advantages of maintaining a companydiverse set of launch partners include service resiliency in the event of launch failures and the subsequent grounding of a launch vehicle, access to otherwise protected markets through the use of specific launch vehicles and orbit diversity to provide access to all orbits of interest to our customers.
To date, we have entered into several launch services agreements including with SpaceX, Relativity Space, ABL Space Systems and Gilmour Space. Beyond these providers, we remain in active dialogue and believe we have
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strong relationships with Blue Origin, ULA, and several other small rocket providers. Our objective is to extend existing agreements or enter into new agreements as necessary to build a robust launch manifest and cadence. Our ability to achieve this objective relies heavily on whether or not we can successfully procure the necessary government licenses and approvals, and slots on the launch provider’s manifests, and whether we can successfully execute on our business plan, including fully developing and validating our technology in space.
We believe we have developed a strong relationship with SpaceX with which we maintain an innovative rideshare partnership. We believe the relationship between our companies is recognized as mutually beneficial. We believe Momentus could unlock a market for SpaceX by consolidating small satellites on our transport vehicles once we have fully developed, tested and validated them in space, which will then be launched by SpaceX on their Falcon-9 rideshare missions, and delivered by Momentus to their unique, respective orbits.
Made in Space Europe Relationship Overview
We plan to leverage our Hosted Payload capabilities, once fully developed, tested and validated in space, with Made In Space Europe, a subsidiary of Redwire. Made in Space Europe is developing a low-cost robotic arm that we believe will be well suited for use on Vigoride vehicles for robotic berthing operations, which are needed to enable reusability. Momentus is working with Made In Space Europe to provide mission-specific requirements to inform their robotic arm development. We anticipate conducting a joint in-orbit demonstration mission with Made In Space Europe, with the objective of demonstrating the arm’s ability to perform various tasks that may be financially unstableneeded for reusability and future servicing missions.
RBC Signals Relationship Overview
Momentus has chosen RBC Signals as our ground systems provider for Vigoride contemplated missions in LEO. We believe RBC’s extensive network of over 70 antennas located in over 50 geographic locations is well suited to support a high mission volume to diverse orbits. Furthermore, we believe RBC’s pay-per-pass model is an excellent fit for our currently contemplated, relatively short mission durations of several months (before reusability). We believe RBC’s ground network service offers a dramatic cost and complexity advantage over a dedicated ground network and significant cost advantages over other traditional ground system providers.
Competitive Advantages
We believe our ability to compete successfully as a commercial provider of space transportation and infrastructure services will depend on several factors including our ability to fully develop, test and validate our technology in space, our ability to establish and maintain a lead in technological advancements, the price of our offerings, customer confidence in the reliability of our offerings, and the frequency and availability of our offerings. If we are unable to fully develop, test and validate our technologies, we may be unable to execute on our business plan and will be unable to realize the following competitive advantages. We believe that our team’s collective expertise, coupled with the following strengths, may allow us to build our business and compete successfully.
Focus on a service model with standardized, modular vehicles: Unlike traditional aerospace companies, which generally focus on selling hardware, Momentus is applying a service model for infrastructure services in space. We believe our service model will build long-lasting partnership relationships with satellite operators, which could create entry barriers for competitors.
Unique technology with patents pending: We believe that our water plasma propulsion technology and its integration in our vehicles will allow us to provide in-space transportation services at significantly lower cost compared to what can be accomplished using traditional chemical or electrical propulsion systems. We plan to be the first company to commercialize and industrialize microwave electrothermal (MET) water propulsion technology for in-space transportation. While microwave electrothermal propulsion has been researched academically for decades, the commercial viability of the technology has not yet been fully tested or proven. Over the past several years, we have worked on developing our patent-pending water plasma propulsion technology, and we are designing our vehicles and services to incorporate this technology. We are in itsthe process of creating a patent portfolio and, as of December 31, 2021, we had one issued patent and applications for nine additional patent families relating to our water plasma propulsion and other technologies. We believe that our issued patent, pending patent applications and trade secrets will make it more challenging for competitors who aspire to use MET propulsion technology.
Mission-driven strategy: Momentus is a mission-driven company, which underpins our focus on our long-term vision and aligns all of our day-to-day activities in achieving this goal. In making decisions about our vehicles, services, technologies, or sales opportunities, we attempt to align our actions with our vision and
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mission. We believe this helps us make decisions quickly and move towards achieving our goal of developing Momentus as a key provider of space infrastructure services.
Compatibility across launch providers: We have designed and will continue to design our future vehicles to be compatible with most launch vehicles. We believe this will give our customers flexibility around the timing and availability of launches and ensure a competitive market for our launch providers. As more rocket operators emerge, we will work to continue to actively incorporate compatibility to increase customer accessibility.
Relationships with launch providers: We have relationships with several launch providers including SpaceX, Relativity Space, Gilmour Space, Blue Origin, ABL Space Systems and ULA. We believe our current rideshare partnership agreement with SpaceX will help us maximize the flexibility, economics, and optionality we can offer our customers. Additionally, as an aggregator of payloads, we believe we will be able to service customers from around the world who might not otherwise have access to launch options. Please see the above section titled “Our Relationships with Launch Providers” for additional details.
Experienced management team and an industry-leading team of engineers: Many of our management team members have experience in large organizations, including the U.S. Department of Defense, Boeing, Raytheon, Maxar, and Lockheed Martin. Our team of engineers is similarly experienced, contributing hundreds of collective years in working in commercial satellite businesses at Boeing, Maxar, and SSL, among others. Our commercial team is also led and supported by individuals with considerable experience in commercial space sales. Our efficient vertical integration allows for significant cooperation and interactivity between teams.
Customer Overview
We have signed contracts for approximately $67 million in backlog (potential revenue), as of January 31, 2022. These agreements contain firm orders as well as options, allowing customers to opt-in to launches on shorter notice without requiring a separate agreement. We have seen significant interest across a range of satellite operators, satellite manufacturers, satellite aggregators, launch providers, and others. The majority of our signed contracts are with early adopters. Several will be launching experimental or pathfinder missions for their future satellite constellations. The breadth of these signed contracts spans 24 companies across 15 countries.
In general, our customers have the right to cancel their contracts with the understanding that they will forgo their deposits. If a customer cancels a contract before it is required to pay non-refundable deposits, we may not receive revenue from these orders, except for an initial deposit which is paid at the time the contract is signed.
For risks associated with these contracts, see our risk factor “We may not be able to convert our orders in backlog into revenue.
Sales and Marketing
We plan to scale and accelerate our sales and marketing efforts and leverage industry partnerships to grow our customer base using a global network of sales professionals. Additionally, if we can successfully execute on our missions, we expect existing customers to exercise contract options and expand their contracts with us for the deployment of their future satellites. We plan to provide new service offerings and sales models over time to increase market share and grow the total addressable market for our in-space infrastructure services assuming we can successfully execute on our missions and business plan.
In addition to satellite manufacturers, we are pursuing engagements with payload aggregators to maximize the fill rates of our missions. We are also working on long term partnership agreements with specialized CubeSat satellite makers to become their partner of choice for rideshare services, to help realize a continuous cycle of returning customers. In addition, many rideshare aggregators are also satellite manufacturers that help create a vertical integration of services — for which our plan is to have Momentus serve as the link to complete end-to-end service for their customers.
As we believe a large percentage of the small satellite market is projected to be satellite constellations, which will require deployments, refreshing, in orbit maintenance and other services over their life-cycles (which are relatively short), we see this segment of the market as important. We currently have a number of pathfinder missions with customers that plan to develop satellite constellations after their test missions, and we are pursuing other satellite constellation customers who are in their early stages of development.
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While we are focusing on our early adopter market for in-space transportation, we are at the early stages of also rolling out our Hosted Payload service, and anticipate that this market segment will become a larger percentage of our business in the near and mid-term. We believe our potential customer base for this service has significant overlap with in-space transportation.
We anticipate the emergence of new businesses as the space economy continues to be unlocked and new applications are introduced. We plan to position ourselves to capture these emerging and adjacent markets which we believe will be enabled by the development or growth, which would subject usof infrastructure services.
Regulatory
See “Risk Factors” for risks and uncertainties related to regulatory requirements.
Federal Communications Commission
The regulations, policies, and guidance issued by the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) apply to the numerous risks inherent in such companies and businesses.


Ifoperation of our initial business combination is paid fortransport vehicles. When we communicate with our transport vehicles using equity or debt securities, or not allany part of the funds released fromelectromagnetic spectrum, we are operating a space station to which FCC regulations apply. Operators of regulated space stations are required to hold and maintain compliance with proper licenses, and the trust account are used for paymentspecific conditions thereof throughout the duration of any given mission. Operators may also seek licenses in other jurisdictions in accordance with multilateral agreements governing the use of the consideration in connection with our initial business combination or used for redemptions of our Class A common stock, we may applyspectrum, and such licenses would generally be accorded equal treatment by the balance ofUnited States. For the cash released to us from the trust account for general corporate purposes, including for maintenance or expansion of operations of the post-transaction company, the payment of principal or interest due on indebtedness incurred in completing our initial business combination, to fund the purchase of other companies or for working capital.

We may seek to raise additional funds through a private offering of debt or equity securities in connection with the completion of our initial business combination, and we may effectuate our initial business combination using the proceeds of such offering rather than using the amounts held in the trust account. In addition,time being, we intend to target businesses larger thanutilize the FCC’s Special Temporary Authorization (“STA”) authorization type, as other rideshare aggregators and operators of unique limited duration missions regularly do, to license Momentus spacecraft. Although Momentus previously submitted multiple STA license applications, which have subsequently been withdrawn, we filed STA applications at the end of 2021 in support of two spacecraft scheduled to launch in June 2022. Subsequently, we withdrew one of the two applications since it was not needed.

The FCC recently enacted a new set of licensing guidelines for small satellites and related systems that may apply to future Momentus spacecraft and continues to pursue additional updated rulemaking that potentially impacts Momentus. As a result, we may face a transition in license types away from STA to the small satellite licensing guidelines under Part 25. The FCC is also currently considering additional rules which, among other things, could acquirechange the operational, technical and financial requirements for Momentus operations. If these proposed rules become final, they could change system design and financial costs in order to comply with or secure new Momentus spectrum licensure.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Momentus transport vehicles will operate with space-qualified photographic equipment installed. While primarily intended to function as mission assurance tools, these cameras will be capable of capturing incidental earth imagery while in orbit. As such, these cameras are subject to the net proceedslicensing requirements and regulations of the National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration's ("NOAA") Commercial Report Sensing Regulatory Affairs (“CRSRA”) office. We currently hold a license grant from CRSRA authorizing the first ten Vigoride missions.
The Federal Aviation Administration
As a participant in launch activities, we are indirectly subject to the license requirements of the Federal Aviation Administration’s (“FAA”) Office of Commercial Space Transportation (“AST”). The FAA regulates the airspace of the United States, through which launch vehicles must fly during launch to orbit. The AST office predominantly processes launch license requests submitted by launch vehicle operators, which include information on the constituent payloads flying on any given mission. As a result, reviews of our initial public offering andpayloads by AST occur during, for example, the saleprocessing of a SpaceX launch license. During preparation for the inaugural Vigoride-1 mission, the FAA ultimately determined that it was unable to grant to SpaceX an approval of the placement units,Momentus payload for the SpaceX Transporter-1 launch in January 2021 due to national security and may as a result be required to seek additional financing to complete such proposed initial business combination. Subject to compliance with applicable securities laws, we would expect to complete such financing only simultaneously withforeign ownership concerns regarding Momentus raised by the completionDepartment of our initial business combination. In the case ofDefense during an initial business combination funded with assets other than the trust account assets, our proxy materials or tender offer documents disclosing the initial business combination would disclose the terms of the financing and, only if required by law, we would seek stockholder approval of such financing. There are no prohibitions on our ability to raise additional funds privately, or through loans in connection with our initial business combination. At this time, we are not a party to any arrangement or understanding with any third party with respect to raising any additional funds through the sale of securities or otherwise.

Sources of Target Businesses

We anticipate that target business candidates will continue to be brought to our attentioninteragency review. Despite Momentus payloads being exempt from various unaffiliated sources, including investment bankers and investment professionals. Target businesses will continue to be brought to our attention by such unaffiliated sourcesFAA payload review as a result of being solicited by us by calls or mailings. These sources may also continueour existing NOAA grant, we initiated ongoing engagement with the FAA as part of a preemptive payload review unrelated to introduce us to target businessesa launch license in which they think we may be interested on an unsolicited basis, since manycontemplation of these sources will have read our public filings and know what types of businesses we are targeting. Our officers and directors, as well as our sponsor and their affiliates, may also continue to bring to our attention target business candidates that they become aware of through their business contacts as a result of formal or informal inquiries or discussions they may have, as well as attending trade shows or conventions.future launch activity. In addition, we may receive a number of proprietary deal flow opportunities that would not otherwise necessarily be available to us as a result ofMay 2021, the business relationshipsFAA denied one of our officers and directors and our sponsor and their affiliates. While we do not presently anticipate engaging the services of professional firms or other individuals that specialize in business acquisitions on any formal basis, we may engage these firms or other individuals in the future, in which event we may pay a finder’s fee, consulting fee, advisory fee or other compensationpayload review applications due to be determined in an arm’s length negotiation based on the terms of the transaction, onlyinteragency concerns related to the extent our management determines that the usecorporate structure of a finder may bring opportunities to us that may not otherwise be available to us or if finders approach us on an unsolicited basis with a potential transaction that our management determines is in our best interest to pursue. Payment of finder’s fees is customarily tied to completion of a transaction, in which case any such fee will be paid out of the funds held in the trust account. In no event, however, will our sponsor or any of our existing officers, directors or advisors be paid any finder’s fee, reimbursement, consulting fee, monies in respect of any payment of a loan or other compensation by the company prior to, or in connection with any services rendered for any services they render in order to effectuate, the completion of our initial business combination (regardless of the type of transaction that it is). None of our sponsor, executive officers, directors or advisors, or any of their respective affiliates, are allowed to receive any compensation, finder’s fees or consulting fees from a prospective business combination target in connection with a contemplated initial business combination except as set forth herein. We pay an affiliate of our sponsor a total of $10,000 per month for office space, utilities and administrative support and to reimburse our sponsor for any out-of-pocket expenses related to identifying, investigating and completing an initial business combination. Some of our officers and directors may enter into employment or consulting agreements with the post-transaction company following our initial business combination. The presence or absence of any such fees or arrangements are not used as a criterion in our selection process of an initial business combination candidate.

We are not prohibited from pursuing an initial business combination with a company that is affiliated with Stable Road Capital, NALA Investments, or our sponsor, officers or directors. In the event we seek to complete our initial business combination with a company that is affiliated with Stable Road Capital, NALA Investments or our sponsor, officers or directors, we, or a committee of independent directors, will obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm or another independent entity that commonly renders valuation opinions that our initial business combination is fair to our company from a financial point of view.

If any of our officers or directors becomes aware of an initial business combination opportunity that falls within the line of business of any entity to which he or she has pre-existing fiduciary or contractual obligations, he or she may be required to present such business combination opportunity to such entity prior to presenting such business combination opportunity to us. Our officers and directors currently have certain relevant fiduciary duties or contractual obligations that may take priority over their duties to us.

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Selection of a Target Business and Structuring of our Initial Business Combination

Nasdaq rules require that we must complete one or more business combinations having an aggregate fair market value of at least 80% of the value of the assets held in the trust account (excluding the deferred underwriting commissions and taxes payable on the interest earned on the trust account)Momentus at the time of our signing a definitive agreementdenial. The FAA acknowledged that Momentus was engaged in connectionaddressing the concern and indicated that the FAA could reconsider the application once that process is complete. Momentus intends to refile FAA payload review applications in support of future missions which will reflect the ongoing efforts to address outstanding interagency concerns.

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The International Traffic in Arms Regulations and Export Controls
Our orbital infrastructure business is subject to, and we must comply with, our initial business combination. The fair market value of our initial business combination will be determined by our board of directors based upon one or more standards generally accepted bystringent U.S. import and export control laws, including the financial community, such as discounted cash flow valuation, a valuation based on trading multiples of comparable public businesses or a valuation based on the financial metrics of M&A transactions of comparable businesses. If our board of directors is not able to independently determine the fair market value of our initial business combination, we will obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm or another independent entity that commonly renders valuation opinions with respect to the satisfaction of such criteria. While we consider it unlikely that our board of directors will not be able to make an independent determinationInternational Traffic in Arms Regulations (the “ITAR”) of the fair market valueU.S. Department of our initial business combination, it may be unable to do so if it is less familiar or experienced withState and the business of a particular target or if there is a significant amount of uncertainty as to the value of a target’s assets or prospects. We intend to satisfy the 80% requirement even if our securities are not listed on Nasdaq at the time of our initial business combination. We do not intend to purchase multiple businesses in unrelated industries in conjunction with our initial business combination. Subject to this requirement, our management has virtually unrestricted flexibility in identifying and selecting one or more prospective target businesses, although we will not be permitted to effectuate our initial business combination with another blank check company or a similar company with nominal operations.

In any case, we will only complete an initial business combination in which we own or acquire 50% or moreExport Administration Regulations (“EAR”) of the outstanding voting securitiesBureau of Industry and Security of the target or otherwise acquire a controlling interest inU.S. Department of Commerce. The ITAR generally restricts the target sufficient for it not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. If we own or acquire less than 100%export of the equity interests or assets of a target business or businesses, the portion of such business or businesses that are owned or acquired by the post-transaction company is what will be taken into account for purposes of Nasdaq’s 80% fair market value test. There is no basis for investors to evaluate the possible merits or risks of any target business with which we may ultimately complete our initial business combination.

To the extent we effect our initial business combination with a company or business that may be financially unstable or in its early stages of development or growth we may be affected by numerous risks inherent in such company or business. Although our management will endeavor to evaluate the risks inherent in a particular target business, we cannot assure you that we will properly ascertain or assess all significant risk factors.

In evaluating a prospective business target, we conduct a thorough due diligence review, which encompasses, among other things, meetings with incumbent managementhardware, software, technical data, and employees, document reviews, interviews of customers and suppliers, inspection of facilities, as well as a review of financial and other information that will be made available to us.

The time required to select and evaluate a target business and to structure and complete our initial business combination, and the costs associated with this process, are not currently ascertainable with any degree of certainty. Any costs incurred with respect to the identification and evaluation of a prospective target business with which our initial business combination is not ultimately completed will result in our incurring losses and will reduce the funds we can use to complete another business combination.

Lack of Business Diversification

For an indefinite period of time after the completion of our initial business combination, the prospects for our success may depend entirely on the future performance of a single business. Unlike other entitiesservices that have defense or strategic applications. The EAR similarly regulates the resources to complete business combinations with multiple entities in oneexport of hardware, software, and technology that has commercial or several industries, it is probable that we will not have the resources to diversify our operations“dual-use” applications (i.e., for both military and mitigate the risks of being in a single line of business. In addition, we intend to focus our search for an initial business combination in a single industry. By completing our initial business combination with only a single entity, our lack of diversification may:

subject us to negative economic, competitive and regulatory developments, any or all of which may have a substantial adverse impact on the particular industry in which we operate after our initial business combination, and

cause us to depend on the marketing and sale of a single product or limited number of products or services.

Limited Ability to Evaluate the Target’s Management Team

Although we closely scrutinize the management of a prospective target business when evaluating the desirability of effecting our initial business combination with that business, our assessment of the target business’ management may not prove to be correct. In addition, the future management may not have the necessary skills, qualifications or abilities to manage a public company. Furthermore, the future role of members of our management team, if any, in the target business cannot presently be stated with any certainty. The determination as to whether any of the members of our management team will remain with the combined company will be made at the time of our initial business combination. While it is possible that one or more of our directors will remain associated in some capacity with us following our initial business combination, it is unlikely that any of them will devote their full efforts to our affairs subsequent to our initial business combination. Moreover, there is no assurance that members of our management team will have significant experience or knowledge relating to the operations of the particular target business.

There is no assurance you that any of our key personnel will remain in senior management or advisory positions with the combined company. The determination as to whether any of our key personnel will remain with the combined company will be made at the time of our initial business combination.


Following an initial business combination, we may seek to recruit additional managers to supplement the incumbent management of the target business. There is no assurance that we will have the ability to recruit additional managers,commercial applications) or that additional managers will have the requisite skills, knowledgeless sensitive military or experience necessary to enhance the incumbent management.

Stockholders May Not Have the Ability to Approve Our Initial Business Combination

We may conduct redemptions without a stockholder vote pursuant to the tender offer rules of the SEC. However, we will seek stockholder approval if it is required by law or applicable stock exchange rule, or we may decide to seek stockholder approval for business or other legal reasons. Presented in the table below is a graphic explanation of the types of initial business combinations we may consider and whether stockholder approval is currently required under Delaware law for each such transaction.

Type of TransactionWhether
Stockholder
Approval is
Required
Purchase of assetsNo
Purchase of stock of target not involving a merger with the companyNo
Merger of target into a subsidiary of the companyNo
Merger of the company with a targetYes

Under Nasdaq’s listing rules, stockholder approval would be required for our initial business combination if, for example:

we issue shares of Class A common stockspace-related applications that will be equal to or in excess of 20% of the number of shares of our Class A common stock then outstanding;

any of our directors, officers or substantial stockholders (as defined by Nasdaq rules) has a 5% or greater interest (or such persons collectively have a 10% or greater interest), directly or indirectly, in the target business or assets to be acquired or otherwise and the present or potential issuance of common stock could result in an increase in outstanding common shares or voting power of 5% or more; or

the issuance or potential issuance of common stock will result in our undergoing a change of control.

Permitted Purchases of our Securities

If we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our sponsor, initial stockholders, directors, officers, advisors or their affiliates may purchase shares or public warrants in privately negotiated transactions or in the open market either prior to or following the completion of our initial business combination. There is no limit on the number of shares our initial stockholders, directors, officers, advisors or their affiliates may purchase in such transactions, subject to compliance with applicable law and Nasdaq rules. However, they have no current commitments, plans or intentions to engage in such transactions and have not formulated any terms or conditions for any such transactions. If they engage in such transactions, they will not make any such purchases when they are in possession of any material nonpublic information not disclosed to the seller or if such purchases are prohibited by Regulation M under the Exchange Act. We do not currently anticipate that such purchases, if any, would constitute a tender offer subject to the tender offer rules under the Exchange Act or a going-private transaction subject to the going-private rules under the Exchange Act; however, if the purchasers determine at the time of any such purchases that the purchases are subject to such rules, the purchasers will comply with such rules. Any such purchases will be reported pursuant to Section 13 and Section 16 of the Exchange Act to the extent such purchasers are subject to such reporting requirements. None of the funds held in the trust account will be used to purchase shares or public warrants in such transactions prior to completion of our initial business combination.

The purpose of any such purchases of shares could be to vote such shares in favor of the initial business combination and thereby increase the likelihood of obtaining stockholder approval of the initial business combination or to satisfy a closing condition in an agreement with a target that requires us to have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash at the closing of our initial business combination, where it appears that such requirement would otherwise not be met. The purpose of any such purchases of public warrants could be to reduce the number of public warrants outstanding or to vote such warrants on any matters submitted to the warrant holders for approval in connection with our initial business combination. Any such purchases of our securities may result in the completion of our initial business combination that may not otherwise have been possible. In addition, if such purchases are made, the public “float” of our shares of Class A common stock or warrants may be reduced and the number of beneficial holders of our securities may be reduced, which may make it difficult to maintain or obtain the quotation, listing or trading of our securities on a national securities exchange.

Our sponsor, officers, directors and/or their affiliates may identify the stockholders with whom our sponsor, officers, directors or their affiliates may pursue privately negotiated purchases by either the stockholders contacting us directly or by our receipt of redemption requests submitted by stockholders following our mailing of proxy materials in connection with our initial business combination. To the extent that our sponsor, officers, directors, advisors or their affiliates enter into a private purchase, they would identify and contact only potential selling stockholders who have expressed their election to redeem their shares for a pro rata share of the trust account or vote against our initial business combination, whether or not such stockholder has already submitted a proxy with respect to our initial business combination. Our sponsor, officers, directors, advisors or their affiliates will only purchase shares if such purchases comply with Regulation M under the Exchange Act and the other federal securities laws.


Any purchases by our sponsor, officers, directors and/or their affiliates who are affiliated purchasers under Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act will only be made to the extent such purchases are able to be made in compliance with Rule 10b-18, which is a safe harbor from liability for manipulation under Section 9(a)(2) and Rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act. Rule 10b-18 has certain technical requirements that must be complied with in order for the safe harbor to be available to the purchaser. Our sponsor, officers, directors and/or their affiliates will not make purchases of common stock if the purchases would violate Section 9(a)(2) or Rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act. Any such purchases will be reported pursuant to Section 13 and Section 16 of the Exchange Act to the extent such purchases are subject to such reporting requirements.

Redemption Rights for Public Stockholders upon Completion of our Initial Business Combination

We will provide our public stockholders with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their shares of Class A common stock upon the completion of our initial business combination at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account as of two business days prior to the consummation of the initial business combination including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to us to pay our taxes, divided by the number of then outstanding public shares, subject to the limitations described herein. The amount in the trust account is, as of December 31, 2019, approximately $10.02 per public share. The per-share amount we will distribute to investors who properly redeem their shares will not be reduced by the deferred underwriting commissions we will pay to the underwriter. Our sponsor, officers and directors have entered into a letter agreement with us, pursuant to which they have agreed to waive their redemption rights with respect to any founder shares and (along with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”)) placement shares and any public shares held by them in connection with the completion of our initial business combination.

Manner of Conducting Redemptions

We will provide our public stockholders with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their shares of Class A common stock upon the completion of our initial business combination either (i) in connection with a stockholder meeting called to approve the initial business combination or (ii) by means of a tender offer. The decision as to whether we will seek stockholder approval of a proposed initial business combination or conduct a tender offer will be made by us, solely in our discretion, and will be based on a variety of factors such as the timing of the transaction and whether the terms of the transaction would require us to seek stockholder approval under the law or stock exchange listing requirement. Under Nasdaq rules, asset acquisitions and stock purchases would not typically require stockholder approval while direct mergers with our company where we do not survive and any transactions where we issue more than 20% of our outstanding common stock or seek to amend our amended and restated certificate of incorporation would require stockholder approval. If we structure an initial business combination with a target company in a manner that requires stockholder approval, we will not have discretion as to whether to seek a stockholder vote to approve the proposed initial business combination. We may conduct redemptions without a stockholder vote pursuant to the tender offer rules of the SEC unless stockholder approval is required by law or stock exchange listing requirements or we choose to seek stockholder approval for business or other legal reasons. So long as we maintain a listing for our securities on Nasdaq, we are required to comply with such rules.

If a stockholder vote is not required and we do not decide to hold a stockholder vote for business or other legal reasons, we will, pursuant to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation:

conduct the redemptions pursuant to Rule 13e-4 and Regulation 14E of the Exchange Act, which regulate issuer tender offers, and

file tender offer documents with the SEC prior to completing our initial business combination which contain substantially the same financial and other information about the initial business combination and the redemption rights as is required under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, which regulates the solicitation of proxies.

Upon the public announcement of our initial business combination, we or our sponsor will terminate any plan established in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 to purchase shares of our Class A common stock in the open market if we elect to redeem our public shares through a tender offer, to comply with Rule 14e-5 under the Exchange Act.

In the event we conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules, our offer to redeem will remain open for at least 20 business days, in accordance with Rule 14e-1(a) under the Exchange Act, and we will not be permitted to complete our initial business combination until the expiration of the tender offer period. In addition, the tender offer will be conditioned on public stockholders not tendering more than a specified number of public shares which are not purchased by our sponsor, which number will be based on the requirement that we will only redeem our public shares so long as (after such redemption) our net tangible assets will be at least $5,000,001 either immediately prior to or upon consummation of our initial business combination and after payment of underwriter’s fees and commissions (so that we are not subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules)ITAR. The regulations exist to advance the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States.

The U.S. government agencies responsible for administering the ITAR and the EAR have significant discretion in the interpretation and enforcement of these regulations. The agencies also have significant discretion in approving, denying, or any greater net tangible assetconditioning authorizations to engage in controlled activities. Such decisions are influenced by the U.S. government’s commitments to multilateral export control regimes, particularly the Missile Technology Control Regime concerning the spaceflight business
Many different types of internal controls and measures are required to ensure compliance with such export control rules. In particular, we are required to maintain registration under the ITAR; determine the proper licensing jurisdiction and classification of products, software, and technology; and obtain licenses or cash requirementother forms of U.S. government authorizations to engage in activities, including the performance by foreign persons, related to and who support our spaceflight business. Under the ITAR and the EAR, we must receive permission to release controlled data to foreign persons or physically ship controlled hardware abroad.
See “Risk Factors — We are subject to stringent U.S. export and import control laws and regulations. Unfavorable changes in these laws and regulations or U.S. government licensing policies, our failure to secure timely U.S. government authorizations under these laws and regulations, or our failure to comply with these laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.” The inability to secure and maintain other necessary export authorizations could negatively impact our ability to compete successfully or to operate our spaceflight business as planned. For example, if we were unable to obtain or maintain our licenses to export certain spacecraft hardware, we would be effectively prohibited from launching our vehicles from certain non-U.S. locations, which would limit the number of launch providers we could use. In addition, if we were unable to obtain a Department of State Technical Assistance Agreement to export certain launch provider related services, we would experience difficulties or even be unable to perform integration activities necessary to safely export our transfer vehicles to non-U.S. launch sites. In both cases, these restrictions could lead to higher launch costs which may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. Similarly, if we were unable to secure effective export licensure to authorize the full scope of activity with a foreign partner or supplier, we may need to implement design changes to spacecraft or updates to our supplier chain, which may increase costs or result in delays in vehicle launch schedules.
Failure to comply with export control laws and regulations could expose us to civil or criminal penalties, fines, investigations, more onerous compliance requirements, loss of export privileges, debarment from government contracts, or limitations on our ability to enter into contracts with the U.S. government. In addition, any changes in export control regulations or U.S. government licensing policy, such as that necessary to implement U.S. government commitments to multilateral control regimes, may restrict our operations.
Interagency Review
Approval of the licenses described above may be contained insubject to interagency reviews that allow multiple government agencies — the agreementDepartment of Commerce, Department of Defense, Department of State, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (“NASA”), and others — to examine the respective applications from their individual perspectives, including safety, operational, national security, and foreign policy and international obligations implications, as well as review of foreign ownership. As discussed above, the interagency process raised national security concerns relating to our initial business combination. If public stockholders tender more shares than we have offered to purchase, we will withdraw the tender offerforeign ownership and not complete the initial business combination.


If, however, stockholder approvalcontrol of the transaction is required by law or stock exchange listing requirement, or we decide to obtain stockholder approval for business or other legal reasons, we will, pursuant to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation:

conduct the redemptions in conjunction with a proxy solicitation pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, which regulates the solicitation of proxies, and not pursuant to the tender offer rules, and

file proxy materials with the SEC.

In the event that we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination, we will distribute proxy materials and,Momentus in connection therewith, provide our public stockholderswith a recent FAA license application. We will continue to engage with the redemption rights described above upon completionDepartment of Defense to understand the initial business combination.

If we seek stockholder approval, we will complete our initial business combination only if a majority ofsteps necessary to achieve the outstanding shares of common stock voted are voted in favor of the initial business combination. A quorum for such meeting will consist of the holders present in person or by proxy of shares of outstanding capital stock of the company representing a majority of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the company entitled to vote at such meeting. Our initial stockholders will count toward this quorum and pursuant to the letter agreement, our sponsor, officers and directors have agreed to vote their founder shares and placement shares and any public shares purchased (including in open market and privately negotiated transactions) in favor of our initial business combination. For purposes of seeking approval of the majority of our outstanding shares of common stock voted, non-votes will have no effect on the approval of our initial business combination once a quorum is obtained. As a result, in addition to our initial stockholders’ founder shares and placement shares, we would need only 6,196,251, or approximately 35.9%, of the 17,250,000 public shares sold in our initial public offering to be voted in favor of an initial business combination (assuming all outstanding shares are voted) in order to have our initial business combination approved. We intend to give approximately 30 days (but not less than 10 days nor more than 60 days) prior written noticeresolution of any such meeting, if required, at which a vote shallremaining U.S. government national security concerns. No assurance can be taken to approve our initial business combination. These quorum and voting thresholds, and the voting agreements of our initial stockholders, may make it more likelygiven that we will consummateobtain the licenses described above in this section for our initial business combination. Each public stockholder may elect to redeem its public shares irrespective of whether they vote for or against the proposed transaction.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that we will only redeem our public shares so long as (after such redemption) our net tangible assets will be at least $5,000,001 either immediately prior to or upon consummation of our initial business combination and after payment of underwriter’s fees and commissions (so that we are not subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules) or any greater net tangible asset or cash requirement which may be contained in the agreement relating to our initial business combination. For example, the proposed initial business combination may require: (i) cash consideration to be paid to the target or its owners, (ii) cash to be transferred to the target for working capital or other general corporate purposes or (iii) the retention of cash to satisfy other conditions in accordance with the terms of the proposed initial business combination. In the event the aggregate cash consideration we would be required to pay for all shares of Class A common stock that are validly submitted for redemption plus any amount required to satisfy cash conditions pursuant to the terms of the proposed initial business combination exceed the aggregate amount of cash available to us, we will not complete the initial business combination or redeem any shares, and all shares of Class A common stock submitted for redemption will be returned to the holders thereof.

Limitation on Redemption upon Completion of our Initial Business Combination if we Seek Stockholder Approval

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that a public stockholder, together with any affiliate of such stockholder or any other person with whom such stockholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from seeking redemption rights with respect to more than an aggregate of 15% of the shares sold in our initial public offering, which we refer to as the “Excess Shares.” Such restriction shall also be applicable to our affiliates. We believe this restriction will discourage stockholders from accumulating large blocks of shares, and subsequent attempts by such holders to use their ability to exercise their redemption rights against a proposed initial business combination as a means to force us or our management to purchase their shares at a significant premium to the then-current market price or on other undesirable terms. Absent this provision, a public stockholder holding an aggregate of 15% or more of the shares sold in our initial public offering could threaten to exercise its redemption rights if such holder’s shares are not purchased by us or our management at a premium to the then-current market price or on other undesirable terms. By limiting our stockholders’ ability to redeem no more than 15% of the shares sold in our initial public offering without our prior consent, we believe we will limit the ability of a small group of stockholders to unreasonably attempt to block our ability to complete our initial business combination, particularly in connection with an initial business combination with a target that requires as a closing condition that we have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash. However, we would not be restricting our stockholders’ ability to vote all of their shares (including Excess Shares) for or against our initial business combination.

Tendering Stock Certificates in Connection with Redemption Rights

We may require our public stockholders seeking to exercise their redemption rights, whether they are record holders or hold their shares in “street name,” to either tender their certificates to our transfer agent up to two business days prior to the vote on the proposal to approve the initial business combination, or to deliver their shares to the transfer agent electronically using the Depository Trust Company’s DWAC (Deposit/Withdrawal At Custodian) System, at the holder’s option. The proxy materials that we will furnish to holders of our public shares in connection with our initial business combination will indicate whether we are requiring public stockholders to satisfy such delivery requirements. Accordingly, a public stockholder would have up to two days prior to the vote on the initial business combination to tender its shares if it wishes to seek to exercise its redemption rights. Given the relatively short exercise period, it is advisable for stockholders to use electronic delivery of their public shares.


There is a nominal cost associated with the above-referenced tendering process and the act of certificating the shares or delivering them through the DWAC System. The transfer agent will typically charge the tendering broker $80.00 and it would be up to the broker whether or not to pass this cost on to the redeeming holder. However, this fee would be incurred regardless of whether or not we require holders seeking to exercise redemption rights to tender their shares. The need to deliver shares is a requirement of exercising redemption rights regardless of the timing of when such delivery must be effectuated.

The foregoing is different from the procedures used by many blank check companies. In order to perfect redemption rights in connection with their business combinations, many blank check companies would distribute proxy materials for the stockholders’ vote on an initial business combination, and a holder could simply vote against a proposed initial business combination and check a box on the proxy card indicating such holder was seeking to exercise his or her redemption rights. After the initial business combination was approved, the company would contact such stockholder to arrange for him or her to deliver his or her certificate to verify ownership. As a result, the stockholder then had an “option window” after the completion of the initial business combination during which he or she could monitor the price of the company’s stock in the market. If the price rose above the redemption price, he or she could sell his or her shares in the open market before actually delivering his or her shares to the company for cancellation. As a result, the redemption rights, to which stockholders were aware they needed to commit before the stockholder meeting, would become “option” rights surviving past the completion of the initial business combination until the redeeming holder delivered its certificate. The requirement for physical or electronic delivery prior to the meeting ensures that a redeeming holder’s election to redeem is irrevocable once the initial business combination is approved.

Any request to redeem such shares, once made, may be withdrawn at any time up to the date of the stockholder meeting. Furthermore, if a holder of a public share delivered its certificate in connection with an election of redemption rights and subsequently decides prior to the applicable date not to elect to exercise such rights, such holder may simply request that the transfer agent return the certificate (physically or electronically). It is anticipated that the funds to be distributed to holders of our public shares electing to redeem their shares will be distributed promptly after the completion of our initial business combination.

If our initial business combination is not approved or completed for any reason, then our public stockholders who elected to exercise their redemption rights would not be entitled to redeem their shares for the applicable pro rata share of the trust account. In such case, we will promptly return any certificates delivered by public holders who elected to redeem their shares.

If our initial proposed initial business combination is not completed, we may continue to try to complete an initial business combination with a different target until 18 months from the closing of our initial public offering, or until May 13, 2021.

Redemption of Public Shares and Liquidation if no Initial Business Combination

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that we will have only 18 months from the closing of this offering, or until May 13, 2021, to complete our initial business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination by May 13, 2021, we will: (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the public shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to us to pay our taxes (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding public shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public stockholders’ rights as stockholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), subject to applicable law, and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of our remaining stockholders and our board of directors, dissolve and liquidate, subject in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, to our obligations under Delaware law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. There will be no redemption rights or liquidating distributions with respect to our warrants, which will expire worthless if we fail to complete our initial business combination by May 13, 2021.

Our sponsor, officers and directors havefuture missions. Even though Momentus has entered into a letter agreement with us, pursuant to which they have waived their rights to liquidating distributions from the trust account with respect to any founder shares and (along with Cantor) placement shares held by them if we fail to complete our initial business combination, by May 13, 2021. However, if our sponsor, officers or directors acquire public shares after our initial public offering, they will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the trust account with respect to such public shares if we fail to complete our initial business combination by May 13, 2021.

Our sponsor, officers and directors have agreed, pursuant to a written agreement with us, that they will not propose any amendment to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation (i) to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to allow redemptions in connection with our initial business combination or to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination , or until May 13, 2021 or (ii) with respect to any other provision relating to stockholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity, unless we provide our public stockholders with the opportunity to redeem their shares of Class A common stock upon approval of any such amendment at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to us to pay our taxes divided by the number of then outstanding public shares. However, we will only redeem our public shares so long as (after such redemption) our net tangible assets will be at least $5,000,001 either immediately prior to or upon consummation of our initial business combination and after payment of underwriter’s fees and commissions (so that we are not subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules). If this optional redemption right is exercised with respect to an excessive number of public shares such that we cannot satisfy the net tangible asset requirement (described above), we would not proceed with the amendment or the related redemption of our public shares at such time.


We expect that all costs and expenses associated with implementing our plan of dissolution, as well as payments to any creditors, will be funded from amounts remaining out of the approximately $1,093,200 of proceeds to be held outside the trust account (as of December 31, 2019), although there is no assurance that there will be sufficient funds for such purpose. We will depend on sufficient interest being earned on the proceeds held in the trust account to pay any tax obligations we may owe. However, if those funds are not sufficient to cover the costs and expenses associated with implementing our plan of dissolution, to the extent that there is any interest accrued in the trust account not required to pay taxes on interest income earned on the trust account balance, we may request the trustee to release to us an additional amount of up to $100,000 of such accrued interest to pay those costs and expenses.

If we were to expend all of the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the sale of the placement units, other than the proceeds deposited in the trust account, and without taking into account interest, if any, earned on the trust account, the per-share redemption amount received by stockholders upon our dissolution would be approximately $10.00. The proceeds deposited in the trust account could, however, become subject to the claims of our creditors which would have higher priority than the claims of our public stockholders. There is no assurance you that the actual per-share redemption amount received by stockholders will not be substantially less than $10.00. Under Section 281(b) of the DGCL, our plan of dissolution must provide for all claims against us to be paid in full or make provision for payments to be made in full, as applicable, if there are sufficient assets. These claims must be paid or provided for before we make any distribution of our remaining assets to our stockholders. While we intend to pay such amounts, if any, there is no assurance that we will have funds sufficient to pay or provide for all creditors’ claims.

Although we have sought and will continue to seek to have all vendors, service providers, prospective target businesses or other entities with which we do business execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies held in the trust account for the benefit of our public stockholders,NSA, there is no guarantee that theythe FAA and other U.S. government agencies will execute such agreements or even if they execute such agreementsgrant the necessary authorizations.

National Security Agreement
16

In February 2021, Momentus and its co-founder Mikhail Kokorich, with support from Stable Road, submitted a joint notice to CFIUS for review of the historical acquisitions of interests in Momentus by Mr. Kokorich, his wife, and entities that they would be prevented from bringing claims against the trust account including but not limitedcontrol in response to fraudulent inducement, breach of fiduciary responsibility or other similar claims, as well as claims challenging the enforceabilityconcerns of the waiver,U.S. Department of Defense (“DoD”) regarding Momentus’ foreign ownership and control. On June 8, 2021, CFIUS’ review of the joint notice relating to historical acquisitions of interests in Momentus by Mr. Kokorich, his wife, and entities that they control concluded when the Company entered into a National Security Agreement with Mr. Kokorich, on behalf of himself and Nortrone Finance S.A. (an entity controlled by Mr. Kokorich), Lev Khasis and Olga Khasis, each case in ordertheir respective individual capacities and on behalf of Brainyspace LLC (an entity controlled by Olga Khasis), and the U.S. government, represented by the U.S. Departments of Defense and the Treasury (the “NSA”). In accordance with the NSA, on June 8, 2021, Mr. Kokorich, Nortrone Finance S.A, Lev Khasis and his wife Olga Khasis, and Brainyspace LLC, (collectively, the “Momentus Investors”), fully divested all the shares of Momentus securities beneficially owned by them by selling shares back to gain an advantage with respect to a claim against our assets, including the funds held in the trust account. If any third party refuses to execute an agreement waiving such claimsMomentus. Pursuant to the monies heldNSA, a portion of those divestment proceeds were placed in the trust account, our management will perform an analysis of the alternatives available to itescrow accounts, and will only enter into an agreement with a third party that hasmay not executed a waiver if management believes that such third party’s engagement would be significantly more beneficial to us than any alternative. Examples of possible instances where we may engage a third party that refuses to execute a waiver include the engagement of a third party consultant whose particular expertise or skills are believed by management to be significantly superior to those of other consultants that would agree to execute a waiver or in cases where management is unable to find a service provider willing to execute a waiver. WithumSmith+Brown, PC, our independent registered public accounting firm, and the underwriter of the offering, will not execute agreements with us waiving such claimsreleased to the monies held in the trust account.

In addition, there is no guarantee that such entities will agree to waive any claims they may have in the future as a resultdivested investors until after completion of or arising out of, any negotiations, contracts or agreements with us and will not seek recourse against the trust account for any reason. Our sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to us if and to the extent any claimsaudit by a third party auditor of the Momentus Investors compliance with the NSA and the lapse of a 15 day period without an objection from the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies. As a subsequent event, the remaining proceeds were released from escrow to the divested investors, see Note 15 in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The NSA also requires, among other things, the following:

Appointment of a Security Director approved by the U.S. government, represented by the U.S. Departments of Defense and the Treasury (the “CFIUS Monitoring Agencies”), to serve as the primary liaison between Momentus’ board of directors and the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies, with the Security Director to have authority to oversee Momentus’ compliance with the NSA, including, among other things, to remove and replace Momentus officers and employees, approve all new Momentus directors, and to review, approve and terminate certain contracts and relationships related to access to technology and protected technical information, and to recommend that a director be removed from our board of directors due to an identified national security concern, as determined by the Security Director in consultation with the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies;
Appointment of a Security Officer, approved by the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies, to report directly to the Security Director and to have primary responsibility for services renderedoverseeing day-to-day compliance with the NSA and any compliance plans adopted thereunder, including periodic reporting to the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies;
Appointment of an independent third-party monitor to monitor compliance with the NSA by the parties to the NSA, perform due diligence on all persons that are granted access to protected technical information, protected systems or products soldprotected facilities, and to us,serve as a point of contact for the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies under a monitoring agreement. The third-party monitor will regularly report directly to the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies;
Appointment of an independent third-party auditor to regularly audit Momentus’ compliance with the NSA, and establishment of an audit plan under which the third-party monitor will conduct such audits;
Establishment of certain communications protocols and restrictions to prevent most communications between Momentus personnel and the Momentus Investors; implementation of certain technology controls to prevent access by the Momentus Investors to protected technical information; regular reporting of technical relationships in which Momentus engages; record keeping and communications logging; establishment of a security plan to safeguard protected technical information, protected systems and protected facilities; and training for all Momentus personnel with respect to the security plan and compliance with the NSA;
Access and inspection rights for the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies; and
Periodic reporting by Momentus and the Momentus Investors to the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies.
As summarized above and as further set forth in the NSA, Momentus is subject to various requirements under the NSA. Momentus is required to ensure that the Security Director reports any actual or a prospective target businesspotential violation of the NSA to the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies and the third-party monitor within 24 hours of discovery, and failure to comply with whichcertain requirements under the NSA could subject Momentus to liquidated damages payable to the U.S. government in the amount of $100,000 per day, up to an aggregate amount of $1,000,000 per breach. See “Risk Factors — We are subject to various requirements and restrictions under the NSA we have entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or similar agreement or business combination agreement, reducewith the amount of funds in the trust account to below the lesser of (i) $10.00 per public share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account, if less than $10.00 per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, less taxes payable, provided that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business who executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the trust account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable) nor will it apply to any claims under our indemnity of the underwriter of our initial public offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. However, we have not asked our sponsor to reserve for such indemnification obligations, nor have we independently verified whether our sponsor has sufficient funds to satisfy its indemnity obligations and believe that our sponsor’s only assets are securities of our company. Therefore, we cannot assure you that our sponsor would be able to satisfy those obligations. None of our officers or directors will indemnify us for claims by third parties including, without limitation, claims by vendors and prospective target businesses.

In the event that the proceeds in the trust account are reduced below (i) $10.00 per public share or (ii) such lesser amount per public share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account, due to reductions in value of the trust assets, in each case net of the amount of interest which may be withdrawn to pay taxes, and our sponsor asserts that it is unable to satisfy its indemnification obligations or that it has no indemnification obligations related to a particular claim, our independent directors would determine whether to take legal action against our sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations. While we currently expect that our independent directors would take legal action on our behalf against our sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations to us, it is possible that our independent directors in exercising their business judgment may choose not to do so if, for example, the cost of such legal action is deemed by the independent directors to be too high relative to the amount recoverable or if the independent directors determine that a favorable outcome is not likely. We have not asked our sponsor to reserve for such indemnification obligationsU.S. government, and we cannot assure you that our sponsor would be able to satisfy those obligations. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that due to claims of creditors the actual value of the per-share redemption price will not be less than $10.00 per public share.


We will seek to reduce the possibility that our sponsor will have to indemnify the trust account due to claims of creditors by endeavoring to have all vendors, service providers, prospective target businesses or other entities with which we do business execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to monies held in the trust account. Our sponsor will also not be liable as to any claims under our indemnity of the underwriter of this offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. We will have access to approximately $1,093,200 of proceeds held outside the trust account (as of December 31, 2019) from the proceeds of our initial public offering with which to pay any such potential claims (includingare incurring significant costs and expenses incurred in connection with our liquidation, currently estimated to be no more than approximately $100,000). In the event that we liquidate and it is subsequently determined that the reserve for claims and liabilities is insufficient, stockholders who received funds from our trust account could be liable for claims made by creditors.

Under the DGCL, stockholders may be held liable for claims by third parties against a corporation to the extent of distributions received by them in a dissolution. The pro rata portion of our trust account distributed to our public stockholders upon the redemption of our public shares in the event we do not complete our initial business combination by May 13, 2021, may be considered a liquidating distribution under Delaware law. Delaware law provides that if a corporation complies with certain procedures set forth in Section 280 of the DGCL intended to ensure that it makes reasonable provision for all claims against it, including a 60-day notice period during which any third-party claims can be brought against the corporation, a 90-day period during which the corporation may reject any claims brought, and an additional 150-day waiting period before any liquidating distributions are made to stockholders, any liability of stockholders with respect to a liquidating distribution is limited to the lesser of such stockholder’s pro rata share of the claim or the amount distributed to the stockholder, and any liability of the stockholder would be barred after the third anniversary of the dissolution.

Furthermore, if the pro rata portion of our trust account distributed to our public stockholders upon the redemption of our public shares in the event we do not complete our initial business combination by May 13, 2021, is not considered a liquidating distribution under Delaware law and such redemption distribution is deemed to be unlawful (potentially due to the imposition of legal proceedings that a party may bring or due to other circumstances that are currently unknown), then pursuant to Section 174 of the DGCL, the statute of limitations for claims of creditors could then be six years after the unlawful redemption distribution, instead of three years, as in the case of a liquidating distribution. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination by May 13, 2021, we will: (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the public shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to us to pay our taxes (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding public shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public stockholders’ rights as stockholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), subject to applicable law, and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of our remaining stockholders and our board of directors, dissolve and liquidate, subject in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, to our obligations under Delaware law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. Accordingly, it is our intention to redeem our public shares as soon as reasonably possible following May 13, 2021 and, therefore, we do not intend to comply with those procedures. As such, our stockholders could potentially be liable for any claims to the extent of distributions received by them (but no more) and any liability of our stockholders may extend well beyond the third anniversary of such date.

Because we will not be complying with Section 280, Section 281(b) of the DGCL requires us to adopt a plan, based on facts known to us at such time that will provide for our payment of all existing and pending claims or claims that may be potentially brought against us within the subsequent 10 years. However, because we are a blank check company, rather than an operating company, and our operations are limited to searching for prospective target businesses to acquire, the only likely claims to arise would be from our vendors (such as lawyers, investment bankers, etc.) or prospective target businesses. As described above, pursuant to the obligation contained in our underwriting agreement, we will seek to have all vendors, service providers, prospective target businesses or other entities with which we do business execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies held in the trust account. As a result of this obligation, the claims that could be made against us are significantly limited and the likelihood that any claim that would result in any liability extending to the trust account is remote. Further, our sponsor may be liable only to the extent necessary to ensure that the amounts in the trust account are not reduced below (i) $10.00 per public share or (ii) such lesser amount per public share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account, due to reductions in value of the trust assets, in each case net of the amount of interest withdrawn to pay taxes and will not be liable as to any claims under our indemnity of the underwriter of our initial public offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. In the event that an executed waiver is deemed to be unenforceable against a third party, our sponsor will not be responsible to the extent of any liability for such third-party claims.

If we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, the proceeds held in the trust account could be subject to applicable bankruptcy law,requirements and may be included in our bankruptcy estate and subject to the claims

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Table of third parties with priority over the claims of our stockholders. To the extent any bankruptcy claims deplete the trust account, we cannot assure you we will be able to return $10.00 per share to our public stockholders. Additionally, if we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, any distributions received by stockholders could be viewed under applicable debtor/creditor and/or bankruptcy laws as either a “preferential transfer” or a “fraudulent conveyance.” As a result, a bankruptcy court could seek to recover some or all amounts received by our stockholders. Furthermore, our board of directors may be viewed as having breached its fiduciary duty to our creditors and/or may have acted in bad faith, thereby exposing itself and our company to claims of punitive damages, by paying public stockholders from the trust account prior to addressing the claims of creditors. We cannot assure you that claims will not be brought against us for these reasons.

Contents


Our public stockholders will be entitled to receive funds from the trust account only upon the earlier to occur of: (i) the completion of our initial business combination, (ii) the redemption of any public shares properly tendered in connection with a stockholder vote to amend any provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation (A) to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to allow redemptions in connection with our initial business combination or to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination by May 13, 2021 or (B) with respect to any other provision relating to stockholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity, and (iii) the redemption of all of our public shares


significant monetary penalties if we are unabledeemed not to complete our business combination by May 13, 2021, subject to applicable law. In no other circumstances will a stockholder have any right or interest of any kind to or in the trust account. In the event we seek stockholder approval in connection with our initial business combination, a stockholder’s voting in connection with the initial business combination alone will not result in a stockholder’s redeeming its shares to us for an applicable pro rata share of the trust account. Such stockholder must have also exercised its redemption rights as described above. These provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, like all provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, may be amended with a stockholder vote.

Competition

In identifying, evaluating and selecting a target business for our initial business combination, we may have encountered and may continue to encounter intense competition from other entities having a business objective similar to ours, including other blank check companies, private equity groups and leveraged buyout funds, and operating businesses seeking strategic business combinations. Many of these entities are well established and have extensive experience identifying and effecting business combinations directly or through affiliates. Moreover, many of these competitors possess greater financial, technical, human and other resources than we do. Our ability to acquire larger target businesses is limited by our available financial resources. This inherent limitation gives others an advantage in pursuing the initial business combination of a target business. Furthermore, our obligation to pay cash in connection with our public stockholders who exercise their redemption rights may reduce the resources available to us for our initial business combination and our outstanding warrants, and the future dilution they potentially represent, may not be viewed favorably by certain target businesses. Either of these factors may place us at a competitive disadvantage in successfully negotiating an initial business combination.

Employees

We currently have three officers. These individuals are not obligated to devote any specific number of hours to our matters but they intend to devote as much of their time as they deem necessary, in the exercise of their respective business judgment, to our affairs and intend to continue doing so until we have completed our initial business combination. The amount of time they devote in any time period will vary based on whether a target business has been selected for our initial business combination and the stage of the initial business combination process we are in. We do not intend to have any full time employees prior to the completion of our initial business combination. We do not have an employment agreement with any member of our management team.

Periodic Reporting and Financial Information

Our units, Class A common stock and warrants are registered under the Exchange Act and have reporting obligations, including the requirement that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with the SEC. In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, this Report contains financial statements audited and reported on by our independent registered public accountants.

We will provide stockholders with audited financial statements of the prospective target business as part of the tender offer materials or proxy solicitation materials sent to stockholders to assist them in assessing the target business. In all likelihood, these financial statements will need to be prepared in accordance with, or reconciled to, GAAP, or IFRS, depending on the circumstances, and the historical financial statements may be required to be audited in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. These financial statement requirements may limit the pool of potential targets we may conduct an initial business combination with because some targets may be unable to provide such statements in time for us to disclose such statements in accordance with federal proxy rules and complete our initial business combination within the prescribed time frame. We cannot assure you that any particular target business identified by us as a potential business combination candidate will have financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP or that the potential target business will be able to prepare its financial statements in accordance with the requirements outlined above. To the extent that these requirements cannot be met, we may not be able to acquire the proposed target business. While this may limit the pool of potential business combination candidates, we do not believe that this limitation will be material.

We are required to evaluate our internal control procedures for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2020 as required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Only in the event we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer or an accelerated filer will we be required to have our internal control procedures audited. A target company may not be in compliance with the provisionsrequirements and restrictions under the NSA.”

Human Capital
People are our most important asset. Since its inception, Momentus has sought to recruit creative, positive persons with a diverse set of business capabilities to play an integral role in building our company. As we move into the Sarbanes-Oxley Act regarding adequacynext stage of their internal controls. The development ofour growth, we are devoting more resources to our human capital and are building the internal controls of any such entity to achieve compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may increase the time and costsinfrastructure necessary to complete any such business combination.support our workforce and promote communication, respect, and diversity among our team. We have filedestablished our Human Resources and Talent Acquisition department and have hired a Registration StatementVice President to lead that group and direct our initiatives as we are deeply committed to continuing to grow and develop our team. As of December 31, 2021, we had 118 employees consisting of 80 employees in our research and development and manufacturing teams, seven employees in our sales and marketing teams and 31 employees in general and administrative functions. Many of our employees bring significant experience from prior positions working for leading defense primes, satellite manufacturers, other commercial and military aerospace companies, and government agencies.
Facilities
During 2021, we leased an approximately 65,000-square-foot facility in San Jose, California, which serves as our new headquarters, propulsion laboratory, and Vigoride assembly and test center. This space will allow us to quickly ramp up production volumes for Vigoride vehicles, increase available laboratory space, and accelerate thruster and other developments. We also maintain approximately 13,000 square feet of administrative, research, manufacturing, and testing facilities at our campus in Santa Clara. The campus includes a total of three office suites, two of which consist of solely offices for administrative responsibilities, research and development, and another that consists of both offices and machinery for manufacturing and testing. These facilities are pursuant to agreements through which we lease under multi-year contracts. Leases on Form 8-Atwo suites were scheduled to terminate at the end of 2021 but have been extended into 2022 as we continue to move operations to our San Jose facility, and the third is scheduled to terminate in November 2022. We plan to launch our orbital vehicles in partnership with various rocket providers, including SpaceX and Relativity Space, among others. Our rocket launch partners will provide the SECnecessary land, facility, and machinery to voluntarily registersuccessfully complete the launches.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Investing in our securities under Section 12 of the Exchange Act. As a result, we are subject to the rules and regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act. We have no current intention of filing a Form 15 to suspend our reporting or other obligations under the Exchange Act prior or subsequent to the consummation of our initial business combination.


We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following November 13, 2024, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion, or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our shares of Class A common stock that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th, and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period.

Item 1A.Risk Factors

involves risks. You should consider carefully considerthe risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the following risk factors and all other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements.statements and related notes, before deciding whether to purchase any of our securities. Our business, results of operations, financial condition, and prospects could also be harmed by risks and uncertainties that are not presently known to us or that we currently believe are not material. If any of the followingthese risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations, mayfinancial condition, and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. Unless otherwise indicated, references in these risk factors to our business being harmed will include harm to our business, reputation, brand, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. In thatsuch event, the tradingmarket price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The risk factors described below are

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this subsection to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Momentus and its subsidiaries.
Risks Related to the Business and Industry of Momentus
We have not necessarily exhaustiveyet delivered customer satellites into orbit using any of our transfer and you are encouraged to perform your own investigation with respect to usservice vehicles, and our business.

We are a recently formed early stage company with no operating history and no revenues, and you have no basis on which to evaluate our ability to achieve our business objective.

We are a recently formed early stage company with no operating results. Becauseany setbacks we lack an operating history, you have no basis upon which to evaluate our ability to achieve our business objective of completingmay experience during our initial business combination with one or more target businesses. We may be unable to complete our initial business combination. If we fail to complete our initial business combination, we will never generate any operating revenues.

Our public stockholders may not be afforded an opportunity to vote on our proposed initial business combination, which means we may complete our initial business combination even if a majority of our public stockholders do not support such a combination.

We may choose not to hold a stockholder vote to approve our initial business combination unless the initial business combination would require stockholder approval under applicable law or stock exchange listing requirements or if we decide to hold a stockholder vote for business or other legal reasons. Except as required by law, the decision as to whether we will seek stockholder approval of a proposed initial business combination or will allow stockholders to sell their shares to us in a tender offer will be made by us, solely in our discretion, and will be based on a variety of factors, such as the timing of the transaction and whether the terms of the transaction would otherwise require us to seek stockholder approval. Accordingly, we may complete our initial business combination even if holders of a majority of our public shares do not approve of the initial business combination we complete.

If we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination, our initial stockholders have agreed to vote in favor of such initial business combination, regardless of how our public stockholders vote.

Pursuant to the letter agreement, our sponsor, officers and directors have agreed to vote their founder shares and placement shares, as well as any public shares purchased after our initial public offering (including in open market and privately negotiated transactions), in favor of our initial business combination. As a result, in addition to our initial stockholders’ founder shares and placement shares, we would need only 6,196,251, or approximately 35.9%, of the 17,250,000 public shares sold in our initial public offering to be voted in favor of an initial business combination (assuming all outstanding shares are voted) in order to have our initial business combination approved. Our initial stockholders own shares representing approximately 21.8% of our outstanding shares of common stock. Accordingly, if we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination, the agreement by our initial stockholders to vote in favor of our initial business combination will increase the likelihood that we will receive the requisite stockholder approval for such initial business combination.

Your only opportunity to affect the investment decision regarding a potential business combination will be limited to the exercise of your right to redeem your shares from us for cash, unless we seek stockholder approval of the initial business combination.

Since our board of directors may complete an initial business combination without seeking stockholder approval, public stockholders may not have the right or opportunity to vote on the initial business combination, unless we seek such stockholder vote. Accordingly, if we do not seek stockholder approval, your only opportunity to affect the investment decision regarding a potential business combination may be limited to exercising your redemption rights within the period of time (which will be at least 20 business days) set forth in our tender offer documents mailed to our public stockholders in which we describe our initial business combination.

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The ability of our public stockholders to redeem their shares for cash may make our financial condition unattractive to potential business combination targets, which may make it difficult for us to enter into an initial business combination with a target.

We may seek to enter into an initial business combination agreement with a prospective target that requires as a closing condition that we have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash. If too many public stockholders exercise their redemption rights, we would not be able to meet such closing condition and, as a result, would not be able to proceed with the initial business combination. Furthermore, we will only redeem our public shares so long as (after such redemption) our net tangible assets will be at least $5,000,001 either immediately prior to or upon consummation of our initial business combination and after payment of underwriter’s fees and commissions (so that we are not subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules) or any greater net tangible asset or cash requirement which may be contained in the agreement relating to our initial business combination. Consequently, if accepting all properly submitted redemption requests would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001 or such greater amount necessary to satisfy a closing condition, each as described above, we would not proceed with such redemption and the related business combination and may instead search for an alternate business combination. Prospective targets will be aware of these risks and, thus, may be reluctant to enter into an initial business combination with us.

The ability of our public stockholders to exercise redemption rights with respect to a large number of our shares may not allow us to complete the most desirable business combination or optimize our capital structure.

At the time we enter into an agreement for our initial business combination, we will not know how many stockholders may exercise their redemption rights, and therefore will need to structure the transaction based on our expectations as to the number of shares that will be submitted for redemption. If our initial business combination agreement requires us to use a portion of the cash in the trust account to pay the purchase price, or requires us to have a minimum amount of cash at closing, we will need to reserve a portion of the cash in the trust account to meet such requirements, or arrange for third party financing. In addition, if a larger number of shares are submitted for redemption than we initially expected, we may need to restructure the transaction to reserve a greater portion of the cash in the trust account or arrange for third party financing. Raising additional third party financing may involve dilutive equity issuances or the incurrence of indebtedness at higher than desirable levels. Furthermore, this dilution would increase to the extent that the anti-dilution provision of the Class B common stock result in the issuance of Class A shares on a greater than one-to-one basis upon conversion of the Class B common stock at the time of our business combination. The above considerations may limit our ability to complete the most desirable business combination available to us or optimize our capital structure. The amount of the deferred underwriting commissions payable to the underwriter will not be adjusted for any shares that are redeemed in connection with an initial business combination. The per-share amount we will distribute to stockholders who properly exercise their redemption rights will not be reduced by the deferred underwriting commission and after such redemptions, the per-share value of shares held by non-redeeming stockholders will reflect our obligation to pay the deferred underwriting commissions.

The ability of our public stockholders to exercise redemption rights with respect to a large number of our shares could increase the probability that our initial business combination would be unsuccessful and that you would have to wait for liquidation in order to redeem your stock.

If our initial business combination agreement requires us to use a portion of the cash in the trust account to pay the purchase price, or requires us to have a minimum amount of cash at closing, the probability that our initial business combination would be unsuccessful is increased. If our initial business combination is unsuccessful, you would not receive your pro rata portion of the trust account until we liquidate the trust account. If you are in need of immediate liquidity, you could attempt to sell your stock in the open market; however, at such time our stock may trade at a discount to the pro rata amount per share in the trust account. In either situation, you may suffer a material loss on your investment or lose the benefit of funds expected in connection with our redemption until we liquidate or you are able to sell your stock in the open market.

The requirement that we complete our initial business combination within the prescribed time frame may give potential target businesses leverage over us in negotiating an initial business combination and may decrease our ability to conduct due diligence on potential business combination targets as we approach our dissolution deadline, which could undermine our ability to complete our initial business combination on terms that would produce value for our stockholders.

Any potential target business with which we enter into negotiations concerning an initial business combination will be aware that we must complete our initial business combination within 18 months from the closing of our initial public offering, or by May 13, 2021. Consequently, such target business may obtain leverage over us in negotiating an initial business combination, knowing that if we do not complete our initial business combination with that particular target business, we may be unable to complete our initial business combination with any target business. This risk will increase as we get closer to the timeframe described above. In addition, we may have limited time to conduct due diligence and may enter into our initial business combination on terms that we would have rejected upon a more comprehensive investigation.

We may not be able to complete our initial business combination within the prescribed time frame, in which case we would cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up and we would redeem our public shares and liquidate, in which case our public stockholders may only receive $10.00 per share, or less than such amount in certain circumstances, and our warrants will expire worthless.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that we must complete our initial business combination, within 18 months from the closing of our initial public offering, or by May 13, 2021. We may not be able to find a suitable target business and complete our initial business combination by such date. If we have not completed our initial business combination by such date, we will: (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the public shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to us to pay our taxes (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding public shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public stockholders’ rights as stockholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), subject to applicable law, and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of our remaining stockholders and our board of directors, dissolve and liquidate, subject in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, to our obligations under Delaware law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. In such case, our public stockholders may only receive $10.00 per share, and our warrants will expire worthless. In certain circumstances, our public stockholders may receive less than $10.00 per share on the redemption of their shares.

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If we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination, our sponsor, directors, officers, advisors and their affiliates may elect to purchase shares or warrants from public stockholders, which may influence a vote on a proposed initial business combination and reduce the public “float” of our Class A common stock.

If we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our sponsor, directors, officers, advisors or their affiliates may purchase shares or public warrants or a combination thereof in privately negotiated transactions or in the open market either prior to or following the completion of our initial business combination, although they are under no obligation to do so. However, they have no current commitments, plans or intentions to engage in such transactions and have not formulated any terms or conditions for any such transactions. None of the funds in the trust account will be used to purchase shares or public warrants in such transactions.

Such a purchase may include a contractual acknowledgement that such stockholder, although still the record holder of our shares is no longer the beneficial owner thereof and therefore agrees not to exercise its redemption rights. In the event that our sponsor, directors, officers, advisors or their affiliates purchase shares in privately negotiated transactions from public stockholders who have already elected to exercise their redemption rights, such selling stockholders would be required to revoke their prior elections to redeem their shares. The purpose of such purchases could be to vote such shares in favor of the initial business combination and thereby increase the likelihood of obtaining stockholder approval of the initial business combination, or to satisfy a closing condition in an agreement with a target that requires us to have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash at the closing of our initial business combination, where it appears that such requirement would otherwise not be met. The purpose of any such purchases of public warrants could be to reduce the number of public warrants outstanding or to vote such warrants on any matters submitted to the warrant holders for approval in connection with our initial business combination. Any such purchases of our securities may result in the completion of our initial business combination that may not otherwise have been possible. Any such purchases will be reported pursuant to Section 13 and Section 16 of the Exchange Act to the extent such purchasers are subject to such reporting requirements.

In addition, if such purchases are made, the public “float” of our Class A common stock or public warrants and the number of beneficial holders of our securities may be reduced, possibly making it difficult to maintain the quotation, listing or trading of our securities on a national securities exchange.

If a stockholder fails to receive notice of our offer to redeem our public shares in connection with our initial business combination, or fails to comply with the procedures for tendering its shares, such shares may not be redeemed.

We will comply with the tender offer rules or proxy rules, as applicable, when conducting redemptions in connection with our initial business combination. Despite our compliance with these rules, if a stockholder fails to receive our tender offer or proxy materials, as applicable, such stockholder may not become aware of the opportunity to redeem its shares. In addition, proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable, that we will furnish to holders of our public shares in connection with our initial business combination will describe the various procedures that must be complied with in order to validly tender or redeem public shares. For example, we may require our public stockholders seeking to exercise their redemption rights, whether they are record holders or hold their shares in “street name,” to either tender their certificates to our transfer agent prior to the date set forth in the tender offer documents mailed to such holders, or up to two business days prior to the vote on the proposal to approve the initial business combination in the event we distribute proxy materials, or to deliver their shares to the transfer agent electronically. In the event that a stockholder fails to comply with these or any other procedures, its shares may not be redeemed.

You will not have any rights or interests in funds from the trust account, except under certain limited circumstances. To liquidate your investment, therefore, you may be forced to sell your public shares or warrants, potentially at a loss.

Our public stockholders will be entitled to receive funds from the trust account only upon the earliest to occur of: (i) our completion of an initial business combination, and then only in connection with those shares of Class A common stock that such stockholder properly elected to redeem, subject to the limitations described herein, (ii) the redemption of any public shares properly submitted in connection with a stockholder vote to amend our amended and restated certificate of incorporation (A) to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to allow redemptions in connection with our initial business combination or to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within 18 months from the closing of our initial public offering, or by May 13, 2021 or (B) with respect to any other provision relating to stockholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity and (iii) the redemption of our public shares if we are unable to complete an initial business combination within 18 months from the closing of our initial public offering, or by May 13, 2021, subject to applicable law and as further described herein. In no other circumstances will a public stockholder have any right or interest of any kind in the trust account. Holders of warrants will not have any right to the proceeds held in the trust account with respect to the warrants. Accordingly, to liquidate your investment, you may be forced to sell your public shares or warrants, potentially at a loss.

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Nasdaq may delist our securities from trading on its exchange, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.

Our securities are currently listed on Nasdaq. However, we cannot assure you that our securities will be, or will continue to be, listed on Nasdaq in the future or prior to our initial business combination. In order to continue listing our securities on Nasdaq prior to our initial business combination, we must maintain certain financial, distribution and stock price levels. Generally, we must maintain a minimum amount in stockholders’ equity (generally $2,500,000) and a minimum number of holders of our securities (generally 300 public holders). Additionally, in connection with our initial business combination, we will be required to demonstrate compliance with Nasdaq’s initial listing requirements, which are more rigorous than Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements, in order to continue to maintain the listing of our securities on Nasdaq. For instance, our stock price would generally be required to be at least $4.00 per share, our stockholders’ equity would generally be required to be at least $5.0 million and we would be required to have a minimum of 300 round lot holders (with at least 50% of such round lot holders holding securities with a market value of at least $2,500) of our securities. We cannot assure you that we will be able to meet those initial listing requirements at that time.

If Nasdaq delists our securities from trading on its exchange and we are not able to list our securities on another national securities exchange, we expect our securities could be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

a limited availability of market quotations for our securities;

reduced liquidity for our securities;

a determination that our Class A common stock is a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our Class A common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities;

a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and

a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.

The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” Because our units, Class A common stock and warrants are listed on Nasdaq, our units, Class A common stock and warrants are covered securities. Although the states are preempted from regulating the sale of our securities, the federal statute does allow the states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud, and, if there is a finding of fraudulent activity, then the states can regulate or bar the sale of covered securities in a particular case. While we are not aware of a state having used these powers to prohibit or restrict the sale of securities issued by blank check companies, other than the State of Idaho, certain state securities regulators view blank check companies unfavorably and might use these powers, or threaten to use these powers, to hinder the sale of securities of blank check companies in their states. Further, if we were no longer listed on Nasdaq, our securities would not be covered securities and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our securities, including in connection with our initial business combination.

You will not be entitled to protections normally afforded to investors of certain other blank check companies.

Since the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the sale of the placement units are intended to be used to complete an initial business combination with a target business that has not been identified, we may be deemed to be a “blank check” company under the United States securities laws. However, because we have net tangible assets in excess of $5,000,000, we are exempt from rules promulgated by the SEC to protect investors in blank check companies, such as Rule 419. Accordingly, investors are not afforded the benefits or protections of those rules. Moreover, if our initial public offering were subject to Rule 419, that rule would prohibit the release of any interest earned on funds held in the trust account to us unless and until the funds in the trust account were released to us in connection with our completion of an initial business combination.

If we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules, and if you or a “group” of stockholders are deemed to hold 15% or more of our Class A common stock, you will lose the ability to redeem all such shares in excess of 15% of our Class A common stock.

If we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that a public stockholder, together with any affiliate of such stockholder or any other person with whom such stockholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from seeking redemption rights with respect to more than an aggregate of 15% or more of the shares sold in our initial public offering without our prior consent, which we refer to as the “Excess Shares.” However, we would not be restricting our stockholders’ ability to vote all of their shares (including Excess Shares) for or against our initial business combination. Your inability to redeem the Excess Shares will reduce your influence over our ability to complete our initial business combination and you could suffer a material loss on your investment in us if you sell Excess Shares in open market transactions. Additionally, you will not receive redemption distributions with respect to the Excess Shares if we complete our initial business combination. And as a result, you will continue to hold that number of shares exceeding 15% and, in order to dispose of such shares, would be required to sell your stock in open market transactions, potentially at a loss.


Because of our limited resources and the significant competition for business combination opportunities, it may be more difficult for us to complete our initial business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public stockholders may receive only approximately $10.00 per share on our redemption of our public shares, or less than such amount in certain circumstances, and our warrants will expire worthless.

We have encountered and expect to continue to encounter intense competition from other entities having a business objective similar to ours, including private investors (which may be individuals or investment partnerships), other blank check companiesmission and other entities competing for the types of businesses we intend to acquire. Many of these individualsdemonstration and entities are well-established and have extensive experience in identifying and effecting, directly or indirectly, acquisitions of companies operating in or providing services to various industries. Many of these competitors possess greater technical, human and other resources or more industry knowledge than we do, and our financial resources are relatively limited when contrasted with those of many of these competitors. While we believe there are numerous target businesses we could potentially acquire with the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the sale of the placement units, our ability to compete with respect to the acquisition of certain target businesses that are sizable is limited by our available financial resources. This inherent competitive limitation gives others an advantage in pursuing the acquisition of certain target businesses. Furthermore, because we are obligated to pay cash for the shares of Class A common stock which our public stockholders redeem in connection with our initial business combination, target companies will be aware that this may reduce the resources available to us for our initial business combination. This may place us at a competitive disadvantage in successfully negotiating an initial business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public stockholders may receive only approximately $10.00 per share on the liquidation of our trust account and our warrants will expire worthless. In certain circumstances, our public stockholders may receive less than $10.00 per share upon our liquidation.

Our search for a business combination, and any target business with which we ultimately consummate a business combination, may be materially adversely affected by the recent coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak.

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China, which has and is continuing to spread throughout China and other parts of the world, including the United States. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern.” On January 31, 2020, U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Alex M. Azar II declared a public health emergency for the United States to aid the U.S. healthcare community in responding to COVID-19, and on March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization characterized the outbreak as a “pandemic”. A significant outbreak of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect the economies and financial markets worldwide, and the business of any potential target business with which we consummate a business combination could be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, we may be unable to complete a business combination if continued concerns relating to COVID-19 restrict travel, limit the ability to have meetings with potential investors or the target company’s personnel, vendors and services providers are unavailable to negotiate and consummate a transaction in a timely manner. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our search for a business combination will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19 and the actions to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, among others. If the disruptions posed by COVID-19 or other matters of global concern continue for an extensive period of time, our ability to consummate a business combination, or the operations of a target business with which we ultimately consummate a business combination, may be materially adversely affected.

If the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the sale of the placement units not being held in the trust account are insufficient to allow us to operate until May 13, 2021, we may be unable to complete our initial business combination, in which case our public stockholders may only receive $10.00 per share, or less than such amount in certain circumstances, and our warrants will expire worthless.

The funds available to us outside of the trust account may not be sufficient to allow us to operate until May 13, 2021, assuming that our initial business combination is not completed during that time. We believe that the funds available to us outside of the trust account as of December 31, 2019 of $1,093,184 are sufficient to allow us to operate until May 13, 2021; however, we cannot assure you that our estimate is accurate. Of the funds available to us, we could use a portion of the funds available to us to pay fees to consultants to assist us with our search for a target business. We could also use a portion of the funds as a down payment or to fund a “no-shop” provision (a provision in letters of intent or merger agreements designed to keep target businesses from “shopping” around for transactions with other companies on terms more favorable to such target businesses) with respect to a particular proposed initial business combination, although we do not have any current intention to do so. If we entered into a letter of intent or merger agreement where we paid for the right to receive exclusivity from a target business and were subsequently required to forfeit such funds (whether as a result of our breach or otherwise), we might not have sufficient funds to continue searching for, or conduct due diligence with respect to, a target business. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public stockholders may receive only approximately $10.00 per share on the liquidation of our trust account and our warrants will expire worthless. In certain circumstances, our public stockholders may receive less than $10.00 per share upon our liquidation.

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If the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the sale of the placement units not being held in the trust account are insufficient, it could limit the amount available to fund our search for a target business or businesses and complete our initial business combination and we will depend on loans from our sponsor or management team to fund our search for an initial business combination, to pay our taxes and to complete our initial business combination. If we are unable to obtain these loans, we may be unable to complete our initial business combination.

Of the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the sale of the placement units, only approximately $1,093,184 (as of December 31, 2019) is available to us outside the trust account to fund our working capital requirements. If we are required to seek additional capital, we would need to borrow funds from our sponsor, management team or other third parties to operate or may be forced to liquidate. None of our sponsor, members of our management team nor any of their affiliates is under any obligation to advance funds to us in such circumstances. Any such advances would be repaid only from funds to be held outside the trust account or from funds released to us upon completion of our initial business combination. Up to $1,500,000 of such loans may be convertible into units, at a price of $10.00 per unit at the option of the lender, upon consummation of our initial business combination. The units would be identical to the placement units. Prior to the completion of our initial business combination, we do not expect to seek loans from parties other than our sponsor or an affiliate of our sponsor as we do not believe third parties will be willing to loan such funds and provide a waiver against any and all rights to seek access to funds in our trust account. If we are unable to obtain these loans, we may be unable to complete our initial business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination because we do not have sufficient funds available to us, we will be forced to cease operations and liquidate the trust account. Consequently, our public stockholders may only receive approximately $10.00 per share on our redemption of our public shares, and our warrants will expire worthless. In certain circumstances, our public stockholders may receive less than $10.00 per share on the redemption of their shares.

Subsequent to the completion of our initial business combination, we may be required to take write-downs or write-offs, restructuring and impairment or other charges that could have a significant negative effect on our financial condition, results of operations and our stock price, which could cause you to lose some or all of your investment.

Even if we conduct extensive due diligence on a target business with which we combine, we cannot assure you that this diligence will surface all material issues that may be present inside a particular target business, that it would be possible to uncover all material issues through a customary amount of due diligence, or that factors outside of the target business and outside of our control will not later arise. As a result of these factors, we may be forced to later write-down or write-off assets, restructure our operations, or incur impairment or other charges that could result in our reporting losses. Even if our due diligence successfully identifies certain risks, unexpected risks may arise and previously known risks may materialize in a manner not consistent with our preliminary risk analysis. Although these charges may be non-cash items and not have an immediate impact on our liquidity, the fact that we report charges of this nature could contribute to negative market perceptions about us or our securities. In addition, charges of this nature may cause us to violate net worth or other covenants to which we may be subject as a result of assuming pre-existing debt held by a target business or by virtue of our obtaining debt financing to partially finance the initial business combination. Accordingly, any stockholders who choose to remain stockholders following the initial business combination could suffer a reduction in the value of their shares. Such stockholders are unlikely to have a remedy for such reduction in value unless they are able to successfully claim that the reduction was due to the breach by our officers or directors of a duty of care or other fiduciary duty owed to them, or if they are able to successfully bring a private claim under securities laws that the proxy solicitation or tender offer materials, as applicable, relating to the initial business combination constituted an actionable material misstatement or omission.

If third parties bring claims against us, the proceeds held in the trust account could be reduced and the
per-share redemption amount received by stockholders may be less than $10.00 per share.

Our placing of funds in the trust account may not protect those funds from third-party claims against us. Although we seek to have all vendors, service providers, prospective target businesses and other entities with which we do business execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies held in the trust account for the benefit of our public stockholders, such parties may not execute such agreements, or even if they execute such agreements they may not be prevented from bringing claims against the trust account, including, but not limited to, fraudulent inducement, breach of fiduciary responsibility or other similar claims, as well as claims challenging the enforceability of the waiver, in each case in order to gain advantage with respect to a claim against our assets, including the funds held in the trust account. If any third party refuses to execute an agreement waiving such claims to the monies held in the trust account, our management will perform an analysis of the alternatives available to it and will only enter into an agreement with a third party that has not executed a waiver if management believes that such third party’s engagement would be significantly more beneficial to us than any alternative. WithumSmith+Brown, PC, our independent registered public accounting firm, and the underwriter of our initial public offering, will not execute agreements with us waiving such claims to the monies held in the trust account.


Examples of possible instances where we may engage a third party that refuses to execute a waiver include the engagement of a third party consultant whose particular expertise or skills are believed by management to be significantly superior to those of other consultants that would agree to execute a waiver or in cases where management is unable to find a service provider willing to execute a waiver. In addition, there is no guarantee that such entities will agree to waive any claims they may have in the future as a result of, or arising out of, any negotiations, contracts or agreements with us and will not seek recourse against the trust account for any reason. Upon redemption of our public shares, if we are unable to complete our initial business combination within the prescribed timeframe, or upon the exercise of a redemption right in connection with our initial business combination, we will be required to provide for payment of claims of creditors that were not waived that may be brought against us within the 10 years following redemption. Accordingly, the per-share redemption amount received by public stockholders could be less than the $10.00 per share initially held in the trust account, due to claims of such creditors. Our sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to us if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to us, or a prospective target business with which we have entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or similar agreement or business combination agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the trust account to below the lesser of (i) $10.00 per public share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account, if less than $10.00 per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, less taxes payable, provided that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business who executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the trust account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable) nor will it apply to any claims under our indemnity of the underwriter of our initial public offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. However, we have not asked our sponsor to reserve for such indemnification obligations, nor have we independently verified whether our sponsor has sufficient funds to satisfy its indemnity obligations and believe that our sponsor’s only assets are securities of our company. Therefore, we cannot assure you that our sponsor would be able to satisfy those obligations. None of our officers or directors will indemnify us for claims by third parties including, without limitation, claims by vendors and prospective target businesses.

Our directors may decide not to enforce the indemnification obligations of our sponsor, resulting in a reduction in the amount of funds in the trust account available for distribution to our public stockholders.

In the event that the proceeds in the trust account are reduced below the lesser of (i) $10.00 per share and (ii) the actual amount per share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account if less than $10.00 per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, in each case net of the interest which may be withdrawn to pay taxes, and our sponsor asserts that it is unable to satisfy its obligations or that it has no indemnification obligations related to a particular claim, our independent directors would determine whether to take legal action against our sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations.

While we currently expect that our independent directors would take legal action on our behalf against our sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations to us, it is possible that our independent directors in exercising their business judgment and subject to their fiduciary duties may choose not to do so in any particular instance if, for example, the cost of such legal action is deemed by the independent directors to be too high relative to the amount recoverable or if the independent directors determine that a favorable outcome is not likely. If our independent directors choose not to enforce these indemnification obligations, the amount of funds in the trust account available for distribution to our public stockholders may be reduced below $10.00 per share.

We may not have sufficient funds to satisfy indemnification claims of our directors and executive officers.

We have agreed to indemnify our officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by law. However, our officers and directors have agreed to waive any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies in the trust account and to not seek recourse against the trust account for any reason whatsoever. Accordingly, any indemnification provided will be able to be satisfied by us only if (i) we have sufficient funds outside of the trust account or (ii) we consummate an initial business combination. Our obligation to indemnify our officers and directors may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our officers or directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against our officers and directors, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. Furthermore, a stockholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against our officers and directors pursuant to these indemnification provisions.

If, after we distribute the proceeds in the trust account to our public stockholders, we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, a bankruptcy court may seek to recover such proceeds, and we and our board may be exposed to claims of punitive damages.

If, after we distribute the proceeds in the trust account to our public stockholders, we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, any distributions received by stockholders could be viewed under applicable debtor/creditor and/or bankruptcy laws as either a “preferential transfer” or a “fraudulent conveyance.” As a result, a bankruptcy court could seek to recover all amounts received by our stockholders. In addition, our board of directors may be viewed as having breached its fiduciary duty to our creditors and/or having acted in bad faith, thereby exposing itself and us to claims of punitive damages, by paying public stockholders from the trust account prior to addressing the claims of creditors.

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If, before distributing the proceeds in the trust account to our public stockholders, we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, the claims of creditors in such proceeding may have priority over the claims of our stockholders and the per-share amount that would otherwise be received by our stockholders in connection with our liquidation may be reduced.

If, before distributing the proceeds in the trust account to our public stockholders, we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, the proceeds held in the trust account could be subject to applicable bankruptcy law, and may be included in our bankruptcy estate and subject to the claims of third parties with priority over the claims of our stockholders. To the extent any bankruptcy claims deplete the trust account, the per-share amount that would otherwise be received by our stockholders in connection with our liquidation may be reduced.

If we are deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we may be required to institute burdensome compliance requirements and our activities may be restricted, which may make it difficult for us to complete our initial business combination.

If we are deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, our activities may be restricted, including:

restrictions on the nature of our investments; and

restrictions on the issuance of securities, each of which may make it difficult for us to complete our initial business combination.

In addition, we may have imposed upon us burdensome requirements, including:

registration as an investment company;

adoption of a specific form of corporate structure; and

reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy and disclosure requirements and other rules and regulations.

In order not to be regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, unless we can qualify for an exclusion, we must ensure that we are engaged primarily in a business other than investing, reinvesting or trading in securities and that our activities do not include investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading “investment securities” constituting more than 40% of our total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. Our business will be to identify and complete an initial business combination and thereafter to operate the post-transaction business or assets for the long term. We do not plan to buy businesses or assets with a view to resale or profit from their resale. We do not plan to buy unrelated businesses or assets or to be a passive investor.

We do not believe that our principal activities subject us to the Investment Company Act. To this end, the proceeds held in the trust account may only be invested in United States “government securities” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act having a maturity of 180 days or less or in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 promulgated under the Investment Company Act which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations. Pursuant to the trust agreement, the trustee is not permitted to invest in other securities or assets. By restricting the investment of the proceeds to these instruments, and by having a business plan targeted at acquiring and growing businesses for the long term (rather than on buying and selling businesses in the manner of a merchant bank or private equity fund), we intend to avoid being deemed an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act. The trust account is intended as a holding place for funds pending the earliest to occur of: (i) the completion of our initial business combination; (ii) the redemption of any public shares properly submitted in connection with a stockholder vote to amend our amended and restated certificate of incorporation (A) to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to allow redemptions in connection with our initial business combination or to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination by May 13, 2021 or (B) with respect to any other provision relating to stockholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity; or (iii) absent an initial business combination by May 13, 2021, our return of the funds held in the trust account to our public stockholders as part of our redemption of the public shares. If we do not invest the proceeds as discussed above, we may be deemed to be subject to the Investment Company Act. If we were deemed to be subject to the Investment Company Act, compliance with these additional regulatory burdens would require additional expenses for which we have not allotted funds and may hinder our ability to complete an initial business combination or may result in our liquidation. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public stockholders may receive only approximately $10.00 per share on the liquidation of our trust account and our warrants will expire worthless.

Changes in laws or regulations, or a failure to comply with any laws and regulations, may adversely affect our business, including our ability to negotiate and complete our initial business combination and results of operations.

We are subject to laws and regulations enacted by national, regional and local governments. In particular, we are required to comply with certain SEC and other legal requirements. Compliance with, and monitoring of, applicable laws and regulations may be difficult, time consuming and costly.

Those laws and regulations and their interpretation and application may also change from time to time and those changescommercial missions could have a material adverse effect on our business, investmentsfinancial condition and results of operation and could harm our reputation.

The success of our in-space infrastructure services business will depend on our ability to successfully and regularly deliver customer satellites to custom orbits. Our initial mission planned will be a hybrid commercial-demonstration mission in which our vehicles will deliver paying customers’ satellites into orbit for the first time. In this inaugural mission, we expect to demonstrate Vigoride’s ability to deploy satellites at the point at which Vigoride is dropped off by the launch vehicle. Once all client payloads have been released, we plan to perform orbit change maneuvers and technology demonstrations with our vehicles that are part of our program to validate our technology in space, and to demonstrate end-to-end in-space transfer operations.
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This inaugural Vigoride flight is expected to provide essential on-orbit functional proof of principle and performance verification data for the microwave electrothermal thruster (“MET”) — this data will be used to assess the efficacy of the MET, and identify potential refinements or upgrades for future versions of the MET in order to improve its performance. Like the ground test campaign we have been conducting, on-orbit tests can be understood as incremental confidence-building measures — meeting key requirements for thrust, specific impulse, firing duration, lifetime, and other performance parameters will help Momentus determine whether the MET is performing per our expectations. Doing so repeatedly, both on the ground and on orbit, will demonstrate the soundness and robustness of the design and is expected to contribute to growing customer confidence over time. We expect to learn lessons from the first flight of Vigoride and to use the data collected from this mission to determine what services or level of services we will be able to initially provide customers, including the degree to which Vigoride possesses capabilities of providing customers with LEO transfer services. We anticipate that the mission will also lay the groundwork for continual improvements and enhancements that we plan to flight-demonstrate on future missions. We plan to offer LEO transfer services to customers in the future, based in part on the outcome of the inaugural flight and MET demonstration, as well as the results of ongoing ground testing.
The version of our Vigoride vehicle that we intend to fly on our inaugural mission has never been flown in space. In addition, while we have previously flown our first generation MET in space, that mission did not demonstrate the MET’s ability to generate a measured orbit change in space, which is crucial to our ability to maneuver objects in space. Moreover, even if the unit generates thrust, there can be no assurance that other systems and subsystems can be operated in a manner that is sufficiently reliable and efficient to permit full commercialization of the technology.
While the objective of the inaugural mission involving the Vigoride system is to successfully deploy satellites and perform certain maneuvers, we are mindful of the inherent risks involved in the initial use of hardware and complex systems in space given the difficulties of replicating all aspects of the environment and stresses that the system will experience in space during ground-based testing in simulated environments. We expect to learn and gather valuable data during this inaugural mission of Vigoride as we continue to develop and improve the system and our other systems.
There can be no assurance that we will not experience operational or process failures and other problems during our inaugural mission or on any other mission. Any failures, delays or setbacks, particularly on our inaugural mission, could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.
A key component of our business model is the delivery of satellites using our vehicles from low earth orbit to other orbits. The technology for this maneuver is still in the development stage and has not been validated through actual deployment and testing in space. If we are unable to develop and validate such technology or technology for other planned services, our operating results and business will be materially adversely affected.
While we plan to initially deliver satellites within low earth orbit, the success of our business is in large part dependent on our ability to develop more powerful and efficient propulsion to deliver satellites and other payloads to other orbits and provide other services, such as hosted payload, deorbiting of defunct or obsolete satellites and satellite repositioning. This technology is currently under development, and if we fail to successfully complete the development and validate this technology through actual deployment and testing of such technology in space, or if we experience any delays or setbacks in the development of this technology or encounter difficulties in scaling our delivery or servicing capabilities, we may not be able to fully execute or realize our business model and our financial results and prospects would be materially adversely affected.
Additionally, as part of our business plan, we plan to provide reusable vehicles and offer in orbit services, such as hosted payload, inspection, refueling, life extension, re-positioning, salvage missions, maintenance and repair, and de-orbiting. This will require development of new capabilities for our vehicles, such as the capability to perform proximity maneuvering and berthing. These anticipated capabilities need technologies that are unproven and subject to significant continued design and development efforts, may take longer than anticipated to materialize, if at all, and may never be commercialized in a way that would allow us to generate revenue from the sale of these services and offerings. Relatedly, if such technologies become viable in the future, we may be subject to increased competition, and some competitors may have substantially greater monetary and knowledge resources than we have and expect to have in the future to devote to the development of these technologies.
We may not receive all required governmental licenses and approvals
We currently hold a license grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Commercial Report Sensing Regulatory Affairs (the “NOAA’s CRSRA”) office authorizing our first 10 Vigoride missions. However, we have not received a Special Temporary Authorization (“STA”) license from the FCC, and the FAA denied a payload
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review applications in May 2021 due to interagency concerns related to our foreign ownership and corporate structure. The FAA denial notice, which was received before we entered into the NSA, indicated that Momentus was engaged in addressing the government’s national security concerns and that the FAA could reconsider the application once that process is complete. As discussed elsewhere in this report, we continue to progress toward implementation of the NSA but there can be no assurance that our efforts will satisfy the government's national security concerns in time to obtain licenses or approvals needed for planned missions.
U.S. government agencies other than the agency to which we apply to for a license or approval may review our applications to the FCC, FAA, or other regulatory authorities, including to evaluate the national security implications of an application, which could result in delays. For example, in November 2020, the Committee for the Assessment of Foreign Participation in the United States Telecommunications Service Sector (the “Committee”) requested to review two of our FCC license applications to determine whether approval posed a risk to the national security or law enforcement interests of the United States. While in that instance, the Committee withdrew its request for review without explanation, it is possible that reviews of applications for licenses or approvals by the Committee or other regulatory bodies may occur in the future. Such reviews could delay the issuance of, or result in a denial of, licenses or approvals.
No assurance can be given that we will obtain FAA or FCC authorizations or other authorizations that may be necessary to our business in a timely manner, especially in light of the ongoing U.S. government oversight of Momentus discussed under “Business — Regulatory — National Security Agreement” in this prospectus. Moreover, there is no guarantee that the FCC, FAA and other U.S. government agencies will grant the necessary authorizations to operate our spaceflight business as planned, despite our progress toward implementation of the NSA. If we do not receive these approvals in a timely manner, our financial condition, results of operations, backlog and prospects will be materially adversely affected. For example, we have experienced erosion in our backlog of $86 million as of March 4, 2021 to $67 million as of January 31, 2022 as customers chose to cancel their contracts with us and seek alternative providers due to delays in our scheduled missions as we await receipt of necessary governmental approvals. If we continue to experience delays in receiving these approvals, we could experience further erosion in our backlog.
We have incurred significant losses since inception, we expect to incur losses in the future and we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability.
We have incurred significant losses since inception. We incurred operating losses of $99.8 million and $34.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We have not yet commenced delivery of customer satellites into orbit or fully tested and validated our technology, and it is difficult for us to predict our future operating results. As a result, our losses may be larger than anticipated, and we may not achieve profitability when expected, or at all, and even if we do, we may not be able to maintain or increase profitability.
We expect our operating expenses to increase over the next several years as we scale our operations, increase selling, general and administrative and research and development efforts relating to building corporate infrastructure to support the NSA agreement, being a public company, new service offerings and technologies, and hire more employees. These efforts may be more costly than we expect and may not result in increased revenue or growth in our business. Any failure to complyincrease our revenue sufficiently to keep pace with applicable lawsour investments and other expenses could prevent us from achieving or regulations, as interpretedmaintaining profitability or positive cash flow. Furthermore, if our future growth and applied,operating performance fail to meet investor or analyst expectations, or if we have future negative cash flow or losses resulting from expanding our operations, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are dependent on the successful development of our satellite vehicles and related technology.
Our current primary research and development objectives focus on the development of our existing and future vehicles and related technology. If we do not complete development of these vehicles in our anticipated timeframes or at all, our ability to grow our business will be adversely affected. The successful development of our vehicles and related technology involves many uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to:
timing in finalizing vehicle design and specifications;
successful completion of test programs and demonstration missions;
whether we will receive and the timing of receipt of licenses and government approvals that will allow us to fly our vehicles in space and gather valuable data that will assist in further development of our vehicles;
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meeting stated technological objectives and goals for the design on time, on budget and within target cost objectives;
our ability to obtain additional applicable approvals, licenses or certifications from regulatory agencies and maintaining current approvals, licenses or certifications;
our ability to secure slots on our launch providers’ manifests;
performance of our manufacturing facility despite risks that disrupt productions, such as natural disasters;
performance of a limited number of suppliers for certain raw materials and supplied components and their willingness to do business with us;
performance of our third-party contractors that support our research and development activities;
our ability to protect our intellectual property critical to the design and function of our transport vehicles;
our ability to continue funding and maintaining our research and development activities; and
the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on us, our customers, suppliers and distributors, and the global economy; and
our ability to comply with the terms of the NSA and any related compliance measures instituted by the Security Director.
We may not be successful in developing new technology, and the technology we are successful in developing may not meet the needs of our customers or potential new customers.
The markets in which we operate are characterized by changing technology and evolving industry standards, and we may not be successful in identifying, developing and marketing products and services that respond to rapid technological change, evolving technical standards and systems developed by others. Our competitors may develop technology that better meets the needs of our customers. If we do not continue to develop, manufacture, and market innovative technologies or applications that meet customers’ requirements, sales may suffer and our business may not continue to grow in line with historical rates or at all. If we are unable to achieve sustained growth, we may be unable to execute our business strategy, expand our business, or fund other liquidity needs, and our business prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We operate in highly competitive industries and in various jurisdictions across the world which may cause us to have to reduce our prices.
We operate in highly competitive industries and many of our competitors are larger and have substantially greater resources than we have.
We may also face competition in the future from emerging low-cost competitors. Competition in the rocket launch, satellite and satellite component businesses is highly diverse, and while our competitors offer different products and services, there is often competition for contracts.
In addition, some of our foreign competitors currently benefit from, and others may benefit in the future from, protective measures by their home countries where governments are providing financial support, including significant investments in the development of new technologies. Government support of this nature greatly reduces the commercial risks associated with rocket launch, satellite and satellite component development activities for these competitors. This market environment may result in increased pressures on our pricing and other competitive factors.
The expansion of our operations subjects us to additional risks that can adversely affect our operating results.
We contemplate further expansion of our operations as part of our growth strategy. Our current and contemplated operations subject us to a variety of risks, including:
recruiting and retaining talented and capable management and employees;
competition from other companies with significant market share in those markets and with better understanding of demand;
difficulties in enforcing contracts, collecting accounts receivables, and longer payment cycles;
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regulatory, political or contractual limitations on our ability to operate in certain foreign markets, including trade barriers such as export requirements, tariffs, taxes and other restrictions and expenses;
compliance with anti-bribery laws, including without limitation the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”);
varying security laws and regulations in other countries;
increased management, travel, infrastructure and legal compliance costs associated with having multiple operations;
differing regulatory and legal requirements and possible enactment of additional regulations or restrictions on the use, import or export of our products and services, which could delay or prevent the sale or use of our products and services in some jurisdictions;
currency translation and transaction risk, which may negatively affect our revenue, cost of net revenue, and gross margins, and could result in exchange losses;
heightened exposure to political instability, war and terrorism;
weaker protection of intellectual property rights in some countries; and
overlapping of different tax regimes.
Momentus’ limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate its future prospects and the risks and challenges it may encounter.
We have been focused on developing space transportation and infrastructure services since 2017. This limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate Momentus’ future prospects and the risks and challenges we may encounter. Risks and challenges Momentus has faced or expects to face include our ability to:
forecast revenue and budget for and manage expenses;
attract new customers and retain existing customers;
effectively manage growth and business operations, including planning for and managing capital expenditures for current and future vehicles and services, and managing the supply chain and supplier relationships related to current and future vehicles and services;
comply with existing and new or modified laws and regulations applicable to our business, including export control regulations;
anticipate and respond to macroeconomic changes and changes in the markets in which we operate;
maintain and enhance the value of our reputation and brand;
develop and protect intellectual property; and
hire, integrate and retain talented people at all levels of our organization.
If Momentus fails to address the risks and difficulties that we face, including those associated with the challenges listed above as well as those described elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. Further, because Momentus has limited historical financial data and operates in a rapidly evolving market, any predictions about our future revenue and expenses may not be as accurate as they would be if we had a longer operating history or operated in a more developed market. Momentus has encountered in the past, and will encounter in the future, risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies with limited operating histories in rapidly changing industries. If Momentus’ assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties, which we use to plan and operate our business, are incorrect or change, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our results of operations could differ materially from our expectations and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
The market for in-space infrastructure services has not been established with precision, is still emerging and may not achieve the growth potential we expect.
The markets for in-space infrastructure services have not been established with precision as the commercialization of space is a relatively new development and is rapidly evolving. Our estimates for the total addressable markets for in-
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space infrastructure services are based on a number of internal and third-party estimates, including our current backlog, assumed prices at which we can offer services, assumed frequency of service, our ability to leverage our current manufacturing and operational processes and general market conditions. While we believe our assumptions and the data underlying our estimates are reasonable, these assumptions and estimates may not be correct and the conditions supporting our assumptions or estimates may change at any time, thereby reducing the predictive accuracy of these underlying factors. As a result, our estimates of the annual total addressable markets for in-space infrastructure services, as well as the expected growth rate for the total addressable market for that experience, may prove to be incorrect.
We may not be able to convert our orders in backlog into revenue.
As of January 31, 2022, our backlog consisted of approximately $67 million in customer contracts, including options for future services. However, these contracts are cancellable by customers for convenience. If a customer cancels a contract before it is required to pay the last deposit prior to launch, we may not receive all potential revenue from these orders, except for an initial non-refundable deposit which is paid at the time the contract is signed. In certain situations, Momentus may decide to refund customers for their deposits, even though it is not contractually required, to maintain goodwill with customers.
In addition, backlog is typically subject to large variations from quarter to quarter and comparisons of backlog from period to period are not necessarily indicative of future revenues. Furthermore, some contracts comprising the backlog are for services scheduled many years in the future, and the economic viability of customers with whom we have contracted is not guaranteed over time. As a result, the contracts comprising our backlog may not result in actual revenue in any particular period, or at all, and the actual revenue from such contracts may differ from our backlog estimates. The timing of receipt of revenues, if any, on projects included in the backlog could change because many factors affect the scheduling of missions and adjustments to contracts may also occur. The failure to realize some portion of our backlog could adversely affect our revenues and gross margins. Furthermore, the presentation of our financial results requires us to make estimates and assumptions that may affect revenue recognition. In some instances, we could reasonably use different estimates and assumptions, and changes in estimates are likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from our estimates.
In addition, if we do not receive regulatory approvals in a timely manner, our backlog and prospects will be materially adversely affected. For example, we have experienced erosion in our backlog of $86 million as of March 4, 2021 to $67 million as of January 31, 2022 as customers chose to cancel their contracts with us and seek alternative providers due to delays in our scheduled missions as we await receipt of necessary governmental approvals. If we continue to experience delays in receiving these approvals, we could experience further erosion in our backlog.
Our future revenue and operating results are dependent on our ability to generate a sustainable order rate for our products and services and develop new technologies to meet the needs of our customers or potential new customers.
Our financial performance is dependent on our ability to generate a sustainable order rate for our services. This can be challenging and may fluctuate on an annual basis as the number of contracts awarded varies. If we are unable to win new awards or execute existing contracts as expected, our business, results of operations, and financial position could be further adversely affected.
The cyclical nature of the space industry could negatively impact our ability to accurately forecast customer demand. We may not be able to maintain adequate gross margins or profits in these markets. Our growth is dependent on the growth in the sales of services provided by our customers, our customers’ ability to anticipate market trends, and our ability to anticipate changes in the businesses of our customers and to successfully identify and enter new markets. If we fail to anticipate such changes in demand, our business, results of operations, and financial position could be adversely affected.
We have previously experienced, and may experience in the future, delays or other complications in the design, manufacture and commercialization of new rocket launch services, mission services, satellites, satellite components and related technology. If we fail to develop and successfully commercialize new technologies, if we fail to develop such technologies before our competitors, or if such technologies fail to perform as expected, or are inferior to those of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely impacted.
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We are dependent on third-party launch vehicles to launch our vehicles and customer payloads into space and any delay could have a material adverse impact to our financial condition and results of operations.
Currently there are only a handful of companies who offer launch services, and if this sector of the space industry does not grow or there is consolidation among these companies, we may not be able to secure space on a launch vehicle or such space may be more costly.
Our vehicles are expected to provide “last-mile” transport for satellites to their custom orbit after they are released at a drop off point in space. Therefore, we are dependent on third-party launch vehicles to deliver our vehicles into space. If the number of companies offering launch services or the number of launches does not grow in the future or there is a consolidation among companies who offer these services, this could result in a shortage of space on these launch vehicles, which may cause delays in our ability to meet our customers’ needs. Additionally, a shortage of space available on launch vehicles may cause prices to increase or cause delays in our ability to meet our customers’ needs. Either of these situations could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Further, in the event that a launch is delayed by third-party launch providers or for other reasons, our timing for revenue recognition may be impacted depending on the length of the delay and the nature of the contract with the customers with payloads on such delayed flight. For example, SpaceX delayed the December 2020 launch of Transporter-1, a Falcon 9 launch, on which our inaugural vehicle was intended to fly. Then, on May 10, 2021 and before we entered into the NSA, Momentus received a letter from the FAA denying Momentus’ application for a payload review for the planned June 2021 launch based on the FAA’s finding that its launch would jeopardize U.S. national security. While Momentus has signed a Launch Services Agreement with SpaceX to reserve space for our vehicles to be launched in June 2022, such a flight is dependent on Momentus successfully completing a payload review by the FAA.
We may be unable to manage our future growth effectively, which could make it difficult to execute our business strategy.
If our operations continue to grow as planned, of which there can be no assurance, we will need to expand our sales and marketing, research and development, customer and commercial strategy, products and services, supply, and manufacturing functions. We will also need to continue to leverage our manufacturing and operational systems and processes, and there is no guarantee that we will be able to scale the business and the manufacture of vehicles as currently planned or within the planned timeframe. The continued expansion of our business may also require additional manufacturing and operational facilities, as well as space for administrative support. For example, we recently leased an approximately 65,000-square-foot facility that can accommodate the manufacture and assembly of our next generation Vigoride vehicles.
During 2021, Momentus investigated options for leasing and outfitting a second manufacturing facility, to be located either in California or in another state in the U.S. We had deemed such a facility essential for the assembly, integration, and testing of both developmental and production versions of our planned Ardoride orbital transfer and service vehicle, due to its projected size. Our current facilities in Santa Clara and San Jose can support Vigoride builds, but are not large enough to conduct these activities for Ardoride. However, due to the delay of the closing of the Business Combination, we concluded that the cost of leasing and modifying a new facility to support Ardoride was not advisable until the completion of the Business Combination. Our intent is to reconsider the development of a larger facility in 2022.
Our continued growth could increase the strain on our resources, and we could experience operating difficulties, including difficulties in hiring and training employees, finding manufacturing capacity to produce our vehicles and related equipment, and delays in production. These difficulties divert the attention of management and key employees and impact financial and operational results. If we are unable to drive commensurate growth, these costs, which include lease commitments, headcount and capital assets, could result in decreased margins and operating results, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.
Our continued growth could increase the strain on our resources, and we could experience operating difficulties, including difficulties in hiring and training employees, finding manufacturing capacity to produce our vehicles and related equipment, and delays in production. These difficulties divert the attention of management and key employees and impact financial and operational results. If we are unable to drive commensurate growth, these costs, which include lease commitments, headcount and capital assets, could result in decreased margins and operating results, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.
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Our expansion has placed, and our expected future growth will continue to place, a significant strain on our management, sales and marketing, administrative, financial, research and development, and other resources. If we fail to manage our anticipated growth, such failure could negatively affect our reputation and harm our ability to attract new customers and to grow our business.
To manage growth in our operations, we will need to continue to grow and improve our operational, financial and management controls and our reporting systems and procedures. We also expect our operating expenses to increase in future periods, and if our revenue growth does not increase to offset these anticipated increases in our operating expenses, our business, results of operations, and financial condition will be harmed, and we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability.If we are unable to accomplish any of the following tasks, our revenue growth will be harmed:
scale our revenue and achieve the operating efficiencies necessary to achieve and maintain profitability;
anticipate and respond to changing customer preferences;
anticipate and respond to macroeconomic changes generally, including changes in the markets for rocket launch services, mission services, satellites and satellite components;
improve and expand our operations and information systems;
successfully compete against established companies and new market entrants;
manage and improve our business processes in response to changing business needs;
effectively scale our operations while maintaining high customer satisfaction;
hire and retain talented employees at all levels of our business;
avoid or manage interruptions in our business from information technology downtime, cybersecurity breaches and other factors affecting our physical and digital infrastructure;
adapt to changing conditions in our industry and related to the COVID-19 pandemic and measures implemented to contain its spread; and
comply with regulations applicable to our business.
A pandemic outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus, also known as COVID-19, has disrupted and may continue to adversely affect our business.
The global spread of COVID-19 has disrupted certain aspects of our operations and may continue to adversely impact our business operations and financial results, including our ability to negotiateexecute on our business strategy and completegoals. Specifically, the continued spread of COVID-19 and new strains of the virus and precautionary actions taken related to COVID-19 have adversely impacted, and are expected to continue to adversely impact, our initialoperations, including causing delays or disruptions in our supply chain and decreasing our operational efficiency in the development of our vehicles. We are taking measures within our facilities to ensure the health and safety of our employees, which include universal facial coverings, rearranging facilities to follow social distancing protocols, conducting active daily temperature checks and undertaking regular and thorough disinfecting of surfaces and tools. However, there can be no assurances that these measures will prevent a future outbreak of COVID-19 within our workforce.
The pandemic has also resulted in, and may continue to result in, significant disruption and volatility of global financial markets. This disruption and volatility may adversely impact our ability to access capital, which could in the future negatively affect our liquidity and capital resources. Given the rapid and evolving nature of the impact of the virus, responsive measures taken by governmental authorities and the uncertainty about its impact on society and the global economy, we cannot predict the extent to which it will affect our operations, particularly if these impacts persist or worsen over an extended period of time. To the extent COVID-19 adversely affects our business combinationoperations, liquidity and financial results, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.
We may experience a total loss of our vehicle and our customers’ payloads during the launch into space, and any insurance we have may not be adequate to cover our loss.
Although there have been and will continue to be technological advances in spaceflight, it is still an activity with inherent risk. Explosions and other accidents on launch or during the flight have occurred and will likely occur in the
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future. If such incidents should occur, we will likely experience a total loss of our vehicle and our customers’ payloads. The total or partial loss of one or more vehicles or customer payloads could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. For some missions, we can elect to buy launch insurance, which can reduce our monetary losses from the launch failure, but it may not cover all losses associated with launch failure and possible further losses incurred from the inability to test our technology from the result of such failure.
Depending on the circumstances and market conditions, launch insurance may be extremely expensive, and we cannot assure that we will be able to acquire it on favorable terms, or at all. While we are not procuring launch insurance at this time, we are compliant with third party on orbit liability insurance requirements as required by certain countries where certain of our customers domicile.
Our business involves significant risks and uncertainties that may not be covered by insurance.
A significant portion of our business relates to designing, developing and manufacturing advanced space technology products and services. New technologies may be untested or unproven. Failure of some of these products and services could result in extensive property damage. Accordingly, we may incur liabilities that are unique to our products and services.
The amount of insurance coverage that we maintain may not be adequate to cover all claims or liabilities. Existing coverage may be canceled while we remain exposed to the risk and it is not possible to obtain insurance to protect against all operational risks, natural hazards and liabilities.
We have insured against liability to third parties from launch activities as required by law to the extent that insurance was available on acceptable premiums and other terms. The insurance coverage for third- party damages may not be sufficient to cover the liability. Although the U.S. government may pay claims for third-party damages to the extent they exceed our insurance coverage, this depends on a government appropriation and is subject to a statutory limit. In addition, this insurance will not protect us against our own losses, including to our launch support operations, complex and satellites.
The price and availability of insurance fluctuate significantly. Insurance market conditions or factors outside our control, such as failure of launch vehicles and satellites, could cause premiums to be significantly higher than current estimates and could reduce amounts of available coverage. The cost of our insurance has been increasing and may continue to increase. Higher premiums on insurance policies will reduce our operating income by the amount of such increased premiums. If the terms of insurance policies become less favorable than those currently available, there may be limits on the amount of coverage that we can obtain or we may not be able to obtain insurance at all.
In addition, even though we carry business interruption insurance policies, any business interruption losses could exceed the coverage available or be excluded from our insurance policies. Any disruption of our ability to operate our business could result in a material decrease in our revenues or significant additional costs to replace, repair, or insure our assets, which could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

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Our stockholderscustomers and suppliers face similar threats. Customer or supplier proprietary, classified, or sensitive information stored on our networks is at risk. Assets, intellectual property and products in customer or supplier environments are also inherently at risk. We also have risk where we have access to customer and supplier networks and face risks of breach, disruption, or loss as well.

Satellites are subject to manufacturing and launch delays, damage or destruction during pre-launch operations, launch failures and incorrect orbital placement, the occurrence of which can materially and adversely affect our operations.
Delays in the manufacturing of satellites, launch delays, damage or destruction during pre-launch operations, launch failures or incorrect orbital placement could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The loss of, or damage to, a satellite due to a launch failure could result in significant delays in anticipated revenue to be generated by that satellite. Any significant delay in the commencement of service of a satellite would delay or potentially permanently reduce the revenue anticipated to be generated by that satellite. In addition, if the loss of a satellite were to occur, we may not be able to accommodate affected customers with our other satellites until a replacement satellite is available, and we may not have on hand, or be able to obtain in a timely manner, the necessary funds to cover the cost of any necessary satellite replacement. Any launch delay, launch failure, underperformance, delay, or perceived delay could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, business prospects and financial condition.
If our spacecraft fail to operate as intended, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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The manufacturing, testing, launching and operation of a spacecraft involves complex processes and technology. Our satellites employ advanced technologies and sensors that are exposed to severe environmental stresses that have and could affect the performance of satellites. Hardware component problems and software issues could lead to deterioration in performance or loss of functionality of a spacecraft. In addition, human operators may execute improper commands that may negatively impact a spacecraft performance. Exposure of our spacecraft to an unanticipated catastrophic event, such as collision with space debris, could reduce the performance of, or completely destroy, the affected spacecraft.
During any period of time in which a spacecraft is not operational, we may lose most or all of the revenue that otherwise would have been derived from it. Our inability to repair or replace a defective type of spacecraft, or correct any other technical problem in a timely manner could result in a significant loss of revenue. If a spacecraft experiences a significant anomaly such that its type is no longer operational, it would significantly impact our business, prospects and profitability. Additionally, any satellite failures could damage our reputation and ability to obtain future customers for our launch services, prevent us from receiving any payments contingent on a successful launch and increase our insurance rates, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects.
We cannot provide assurances that our satellites will continue to operate successfully in space throughout their expected operational lives. Even if a satellite is operated properly, technical flaws in that satellite’s sensors or other technical deficiencies or anomalies could significantly hinder its performance.
We may experience other problems with our satellites that may reduce their performance. During any period of time in which a satellite is not fully operational, we may lose most or all of the revenue that otherwise would have been derived from that satellite. Our inability to repair or replace a defective satellite or correct any other technical problem in a timely manner could result in a significant loss of revenue. If a satellite experiences a significant anomaly such that it becomes impaired or is no longer functional, it would significantly impact our business, prospects and profitability.
Space is a harsh and unpredictable environment where our products and service offerings are exposed to a wide and unique range of environmental risks, including, among others, coronal mass ejections, solar flares and other extreme space weather events and potential collision with space debris or another spacecraft, which could adversely affect our launch vehicle and spacecraft performance.
Space weather, including coronal mass ejections and solar flares have the potential to impact the performance and controllability of launch vehicles and spacecraft on orbit, including completely disabling our launch vehicles or spacecraft on orbit. Although we have some ability to actively maneuver our satellites to avoid potential collisions with space debris or other spacecraft, this ability is limited by, among other factors, uncertainties and inaccuracies in the projected orbit location of and predicted conjunctions with debris objects tracked and cataloged by the U.S. government. Additionally, some space debris is too small to be tracked and therefore its orbital location is completely unknown; nevertheless, this debris is still large enough to potentially cause severe damage or a failure of our launch vehicles or satellites should a collision occur.
Increased congestion from the proliferation of low Earth orbit constellations could materially increase the risks of potential collision with space debris or another spacecraft and limit or impair our launch flexibility and/or access to our own orbital slots.
Recent years have seen increases in the number of satellites deployed to low earth orbits, and publicly announced plans call for many thousands of additional satellite deployments over the next decade. The proliferation of these low Earth orbit constellations could materially increase the risks of potential collision with space debris or another spacecraft and affect our ability to effectively access sufficient orbital slots to support the expected growth across our business.
Our revenue, results of operations and reputation may be held liablenegatively impacted if our products contain defects or fail to operate in the expected manner.
We sell complex and technologically advanced products and services, including rocket launch services, mission services, satellites and satellite components. Sophisticated software used in our products and services, including software developed by us, may contain defects that can unexpectedly interfere with the software’s intended operation. Defects may also occur in components and products that we manufacture or purchase from third parties. Most of the launch vehicles, satellites and satellite components we have developed must function under demanding and unpredictable operating conditions and in harsh and potentially destructive environments. Our products and services may not be successfully implemented, pass required acceptance criteria, or operate or give the desired output, or we may not be able to detect and fix all defects in the launch vehicles, satellites, satellite components and
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systems we sell and/or use. Failure to do so could result in lost revenue and damage to our reputation and may adversely affect our ability to win new contract awards.
Our revenue, results of operations and reputation may be negatively impacted if our satellites fail to meet contractual requirements or our products contain defects or fail to operate in the expected manner.
We employ sophisticated design and testing processes and practices, which include a range of stringent factory and on-site acceptance tests with criteria and requirements that are jointly developed with customers. Our systems may not be successfully implemented, pass required acceptance criteria, or operate or give the desired output, or we may not be able to detect and fix all defects in the satellites, products, hardware and software we sell or resolve any delays or availability issues in the launch services we procure. Failure to do so could result in increased costs, lost revenue and damage to our reputation and may adversely affect our ability to win new contract awards.
We may require substantial additional funding to finance our operations, but adequate additional financing may not be available when we need it, on acceptable terms or at all.
We paid an aggregate of $40 million to our co-founders or their affiliates for claimsthe Momentus securities we repurchased from them pursuant to repurchase agreements we entered into as required by third parties againstthe NSA. These amounts came from proceeds of the issuance and sale of 11,000,000 shares of Class A common stock to the PIPE Investors, together with warrants to purchase 11,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, in a private placement that closed immediately prior to the Closing of the Business Combination (the “PIPE Investment”) and the holding bank account established in connection with SRAC’s initial public offering (the “Trust Account”) that were released to us upon the closing of the Business Combination and therefore reduced the proceeds from the PIPE Investment and the Trust Account that are available to us to fund our operations and capital expenditures. In addition, we incurred significant professional and other expenses in connection with the extentBusiness Combination. Accordingly, we may need to raise capital through public or private financing or other arrangements sooner than expected. Such financing may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all, and our failure to raise capital when needed could harm our business. For example, the global COVID-19 pandemic and related financial impact has resulted in, and may in the future result in, significant disruption and volatility of distributions received by them upon redemption of their shares.

Under the DGCL, stockholdersglobal financial markets that could adversely impact our ability to access capital. We may sell equity securities or debt securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner as we may determine from time to time. If we sell any such securities in subsequent transactions, our current investors may be held liable for claims by third parties againstmaterially diluted. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants and could reduce our operational flexibility or profitability. If we cannot raise funds on acceptable terms, or at all, we may not be able to grow our business or respond to competitive pressures.

Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates or future hedging activities could in the future have a corporationnegative impact on our business.
We are exposed to foreign exchange risk as certain of our expenses and liabilities are required to be paid in currencies other than the extent of distributions received by themU.S. dollar. We generally maintain our cash and cash equivalents in U.S. dollars or investments denominated in U.S. dollars. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, which can be unpredictable, could result in disproportion increases in our expenses and future liabilities as compared to our revenue and current assets. We do not currently, but may in the future, use hedging strategies or seek to maintain a dissolution. The pro ratagreater portion of our trust account distributedcash and cash equivalents in foreign currencies or investments denominated in foreign currencies to manage and minimize the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on our public stockholders uponconsolidated financial statements. If we decide to hedge our foreign currency exchange rate exposure, we may not be able to hedge effectively due to lack of experience, unreasonable costs, or illiquid markets.
Our secured loan facility contains various covenants that limit our management’s discretion in the redemptionoperation of our public shares in the event we do not completebusiness.
Our secured loan facility restricts our initial business combination by May 13, 2021 may be considered a liquidating distribution under Delaware law. If a corporation complies with certain procedures set forth in Section 280 of the DGCL intendedability to, ensure that it makes reasonable provision for all claims against it,among other things:
incur additional indebtedness or guarantee indebtedness;
pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase or redeem our capital stock;
undergo fundamental changes, including a 60-day notice period during whichchange of control;
make loans and investments;
prepay any third-party claims can be brought againstindebtedness (other than loans under the corporation, a 90-day period during which the corporation may rejectloan facility);
enter into transactions with related persons;
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sell assets;
incur liens; and
acquire or create any claims brought, and an additional 150-day waiting period before any liquidating distributions are madesubsidiary.
In each case, subject to stockholders, any liability of stockholders with respect to a liquidating distribution is limited to the lesser of such stockholder’s pro rata share of the claim or the amount distributed to the stockholder, and any liability of the stockholder would be barred after the third anniversary of the dissolution. However, it is our intention to redeem our public shares as soon as reasonably possible following May 13, 2021 in the event we do not complete our initial business combination and, therefore, we do not intendcertain exceptions. Any failure to comply with the foregoing procedures.

Becauserestrictions of our secured loan facility or any other subsequent financing agreements may result in an event of default. An event of default under the secured loan facility will allow the lender to accelerate amounts outstanding under the facility. In addition, the lender may terminate any commitments it had made to supply us with further funds. Furthermore, if we were unable to repay the amounts due and payable under the facility, the lender could proceed against the collateral securing such indebtedness, which includes all of our assets, including all of our intellectual property. As of March 31, 2021, we had fully borrowed the $25 million available under the facility. This loan comes due on March 1, 2022, however, as a subsequent event, Momentus exercised its option to amortize the repayment of the loan over 24 months. See Note 15 in the consolidated financial statements within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We rely on a limited number of suppliers for certain raw materials and supplied components. We may not be able to obtain sufficient raw materials or supplied components to meet our manufacturing and operating needs, or obtain such materials on favorable terms or at all, which could impair our ability to fulfill our orders in a timely manner or increase our costs of production.
Our ability to produce our current and future vehicle systems and other components of operation is dependent upon sufficient availability of raw materials and supplied components, which we secure from a limited number of suppliers.
Our reliance on suppliers to secure these raw materials and supplied components exposes us to volatility in the prices and availability of these materials. We may not be able to obtain sufficient supplies of raw materials or supplied components on favorable terms or at all, which could result in delays in the manufacture of our vehicles or increased costs.
In addition, we have in the past experienced and may in the future experience delays in manufacturing or operation as we go through the requalification process with any replacement third-party supplier, as well as the limitations imposed by the ITAR, the EAR, or other restrictions on transfer of sensitive technologies and limitations which may be imposed by our Security Director and/or pursuant to the NSA. Moreover, the imposition of tariffs on such raw materials or supplied components could have a material adverse effect on our operations. Prolonged disruptions in the supply of any of our key raw materials or components, difficulty qualifying new sources of supply, implementing use of replacement materials or new sources of supply or any volatility in prices could have a material adverse effect on our ability to operate in a cost-efficient, timely manner and could cause us to experience cancellations or delays of scheduled missions, customer cancellations or reductions in our prices and margins, any of which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our vehicles and related equipment may have shorter useful lives than we anticipate.
Our growth strategy depends in part on developing reusable vehicles that will allow a single vehicle to deliver cargo multiple times to multiple orbits. These reusable vehicles will have a limited useful life, which is driven by the number of payload delivered to custom orbits and the ability to refuel in space. While we intend to design our reusable vehicles for a certain lifespan, which corresponds to a number of cycles, there can be no assurance as to the actual operational life of a vehicle or that the operational life of individual components will be consistent with its design life. A number of factors will impact the useful lives of our vehicles, including, among other things, the quality of their design and construction, the durability of their component parts and availability of any replacement components, and the occurrence of any anomaly or series of anomalies or other risks affecting the vehicles during launch and in orbit. In addition, any improvements in technology may make obsolete our existing vehicles or any component of our vehicles prior to the end of its life. If our vehicles and related equipment have shorter useful lives than we currently anticipate, this may lead to delays in increasing the rate of our commercial payloads, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We expect to face intense competition in satellite transport and related services and other services which we may develop in the space transportation industry.
The space transportation industry is still developing and evolving, but we expect it to be highly competitive. Currently, our primary competitors in delivering small satellites into a specific orbit are small launch vehicle providers such as Rocket Lab. In addition, several other companies are developing small launch vehicles, and several are developing transfer vehicles, such as Spaceflight Industries, MOOG, Astroscale, Astra and D-Orbit.
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Some companies, such as Rocket Lab and Firefly Aerospace, are developing both small launch vehicles and transfer vehicles. Other companies, including Spaceflight Industries and D-Orbit have announced plans to offer in-space transport services with vehicles that would compete more directly with Momentus.
We believe that competitor vehicles that are comparable to our vehicles have started operations in 2021.
Many of our current and potential competitors are larger and may have substantially greater resources than we have or may expect to have in the future. They may also be able to devote greater resources to the development of their current and future technologies or the promotion of their offerings or offer lower prices. Our current and potential competitors may also establish cooperative or strategic relationships among themselves or with third parties that may further enhance their resources and offerings. Further, it is possible that domestic or foreign companies or governments, some with greater experience in the aerospace industry or greater financial resources than we possess, will seek to provide products or services that compete directly or indirectly with ours in the future. Any such foreign competitor, for example, could benefit from subsidies from, or other protective measures by, its home country.
We believe our ability to compete successfully in delivering satellites to custom orbit at significantly reduced cost to customers depends on a number of factors, which may change in the future due to increased competition, our ability to meet our customers’ needs and the frequency and availability of our offerings. If we are unable to compete successfully, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
If we fail to adequately protect our intellectual property rights or our intellectual property applications for registration fail to become issued or registered, our competitive position could be impaired.
Our success depends, in significant part, on our ability to protect our intellectual property rights, including our water-based propulsion technology and certain other methodologies, practices, tools, technologies and technical expertise we utilize in designing, developing, implementing and maintaining applications and processes used in our vehicles and related technologies. To date, we have relied primarily on trade secrets and other intellectual property laws, non-disclosure agreements with our employees, consultants and other relevant persons and other measures to protect our intellectual property and intend to continue to rely on these and other means. We also try to protect our intellectual property by filing patent applications related to our technology, inventions and improvements that are important to the development of our business. The steps we take to protect our intellectual property may be inadequate.
We currently have one issued patent, 10 pending U.S. utility patent applications, one pending European patent application, and four pending Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”) applications. Our pending patent applications may not result in patents being issued, which may have a material adverse effect on our ability to prevent others from commercially exploiting products similar to ours. Momentus cannot be certain that it is the first inventor of the subject matter to which it has filed a particular patent application, or if it is the first party to file such a patent application. If another party has filed a patent application to the same subject matter as Momentus has, Momentus may not be entitled to the protection sought by the patent application. Momentus also cannot be certain whether the claims included in a patent application will ultimately be allowed in the applicable issued patent. As a result, Momentus cannot be certain that the patent applications that it files will issue. Further, the scope of protection of issued patent claims is often difficult to determine.
Patents, if issued, may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. If our patents are invalidated or found to be unenforceable, we will lose the ability to exclude others from making, using or selling the inventions claimed. Moreover, an issued patent does not guarantee us the right to use the patented technology or commercialize a product using that technology. Third parties may have blocking patents that could be used to prevent us from developing our product. Thus, patents that we may own in the future may not allow us to exploit the rights conferred by our intellectual property protection. Even if issued, they may not be complyingissued with Section 280, Section 281(b)claims sufficiently broad to protect our technologies or may not provide us with a competitive advantage against competitors with similar technologies. Despite our precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy our technology and use information that we regard as proprietary to create technology that competes with ours. Further, the laws of some countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the DGCL requiresUnited States, and mechanisms for enforcement of intellectual property rights in some foreign countries may be inadequate. Momentus’ competitors may also design around Momentus’ issued patents, which may adversely affect Momentus’ business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
In addition, although we enter into nondisclosure and invention assignment agreements with our employees, enter into non-disclosure agreements with consultants and other parties with whom we have strategic relationships and business alliances and enter into intellectual property assignment agreements with our consultants and vendors, no assurance can be given that these agreements will be effective in controlling access to and distribution of our
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technology and proprietary information. Further, these agreements do not prevent our competitors from independently developing technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our products.
Protecting and defending against intellectual property claims may have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our success depends in part upon successful prosecution, maintenance, enforcement and protection of our owned intellectual property. To protect our intellectual property rights, we may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect these rights. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights and to protect our trade secrets. Such litigation could be costly, time consuming and distracting to management and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. Our inability to protect our technology, as well as any costly litigation or diversion of our management’s attention and resources, could disrupt our business, as well as have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. The results of intellectual property litigation are difficult to predict and may require us to adoptstop using certain technologies or offering certain services or may result in significant damage awards or settlement costs. There is no guarantee that any action to defend, maintain or enforce our owned or licensed intellectual property rights will be successful, and an adverse result in any such proceeding could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects.
In addition, we may from time to time face allegations that we are infringing, misappropriating, or otherwise violating the intellectual property rights of third parties, including the intellectual property rights of our competitors. We may be unaware of the intellectual property rights that others may claim cover some or all of our technology or services. Irrespective of the validity of any such claims, we could incur significant costs and diversion of resources in defending against them, and there is no guarantee any such defense would be successful, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, contracts, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.
Even if these matters do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor or without significant cash settlements, these matters, and the time and resources necessary to litigate or resolve them, could divert the time and resources of our management team and harm our business, our operating results and our reputation.
We may experience warranty claims for failures, schedule delays or other problems with existing or new products.
Many of the products we develop and manufacture are technologically advanced systems that must function under demanding operating conditions. The sophisticated and rigorous design, manufacturing and testing processes and practices we employ do not entirely prevent the risk that we may not be able to successfully launch or manufacture our products on schedule or that our products may not perform as intended.
When our products fail to perform adequately, some of our contracts require us to forfeit a portion of our expected profit, receive reduced payments, provide a replacement product or service or reduce the price of subsequent sales to the same customer. Performance penalties may also be imposed when we fail to meet delivery schedules or other measures of contract performance. We do not generally insure against potential costs resulting from any required remedial actions or costs or loss of sales due to postponement or cancellation of scheduled operations or product deliveries.
We are subject to various requirements and restrictions under the NSA, and we are incurring significant costs to comply with those requirements and may be subject to significant monetary penalties if we are found not to be in compliance with the requirements and restrictions under the NSA. In addition, restrictions under the NSA could limit our business activities.
Under the NSA, we are required to hire and pay for the costs of a full time Security Officer who reports directly to the Security Director and has and will continue to have primary responsibility for overseeing day-to-day compliance with the NSA and any compliance plans adopted thereunder, including periodic reporting to the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies. The Security Officer must serve as a liaison between Momentus and the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies, provide timely responses to inquiries from the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies, and maintain availability, upon reasonable notice from the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies, for discussions with the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies on matters relating to compliance with the NSA. The Security Officer is required to participate in all emails, phone calls and in-person meetings between Momentus and the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies. The Security Director has substantially greater authority than the Security Officer, but the Security Director is not expected to oversee day-to-day compliance with the NSA and related matters. See “Management After the Business Combination — Corporate Governance — Board Composition” for a description of the Security Director’s authority and responsibilities. We
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are also required to hire and pay for the costs of an independent third-party monitor to monitor compliance with the NSA by the parties to the NSA, as well as an independent third-party auditor to regularly audit our compliance with the NSA. In addition, we are required to establish: (i) a security plan basedto safeguard protected technical information, systems and facilities; (ii) a board-level Security Committee to oversee the development and implementation of policies and procedures to safeguard protected technical information, systems and facilities and to exercise appropriate oversight and monitoring of Momentus’ operations to ensure that the protective measures contained in the NSA are effectively maintained and implemented; (iii) an audit plan; and (iv) a communications plan. We are also required to provide detailed and frequent reports to the third-party monitor. We will incur substantial costs to implement these and other requirements under the NSA, and we expect that substantial personnel time will need to be devoted to implement and comply with these requirements. In addition, the NSA imposes limitations on facts knownour control over certain U.S. facilities, contracts, personnel, vendor selection and operations. These costs, requirements and restrictions may materially and adversely affect our operating results. In addition, we are required to ensure that the Security Director required to be appointed under the NSA reports any actual or potential violation of the NSA to the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies and the third-party monitor within 24 hours of discovery, and if we are found to be in violation of certain requirements in the NSA, we could be subject to liquidated damages in the amount of $100,000 per day, up to an aggregate amount of $1,000,000 per breach.
In addition, due to the restrictions under the NSA related to the protection of protected technology, systems and facilities, we could be restricted from pursuing acquisitions, customer engagements, commercial relationships or other transactions with non-U.S. persons that we believe would be advantageous to us atand our stockholders.
The Security Director required by the NSA has substantial latitude over certain business decisions and operations of Momentus, and to the extent that certain arrangements relating to the Security Director are determined not to be permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), such timearrangements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The NSA requires that will providethe board of directors of Momentus include a director who is approved by the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies. This director, referred to as the Security Director in the NSA, has a fiduciary duty, under the NSA to the U.S. government, to the extent consistent with his or her fiduciary duty to the Company and its stockholders under Delaware law. To the extent that the Security Director believes that a conflict of interest is reasonably likely to exist between her or his fiduciary duties under Delaware law to the Company and/or its stockholders and to CFIUS, the Security Director is required to promptly inform the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies of such conflict. In the event of such conflict, the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies could seek to institute measures to resolve such conflict which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Examples of situations where such conflicts could arise include, without limitation, the following:
Pursuant to the NSA, the Security Director, in consultation with the Security Committee, is required to develop the annual budget for third-party services and other expenses necessary for the Company to perform its obligations under the NSA. If the Security Director seeks to make certain costly expenditures for the Company to maximize our ability to achieve the objectives of the NSA, such as a costly data and systems controls solution, a conflict could arise if such expenditure would cause significant financial hardship to the Company.
Pursuant to the NSA, the Security Director, as the sole member of the Security Committee, shall have the right, in his or her sole discretion and on behalf of the Company, to block or terminate any contract that the Security Director determines in his or her sole discretion could reasonably be expected to allow for actions contrary to the NSA. If the Security Director identifies a potential national security concern in connection with a contract representing a major source of our revenues or profits, his or her decision to require that such contract be terminated could potentially present a conflict for the Security Director if such termination could have a material adverse financial effect on the Company.
We may enter into an agreement with a foreign supplier necessary to procure a critical component for our paymentbusiness. If the Security Director identifies a potential national security concern in connection with such supply agreement due to, for example, such equipment’s potential to collect sensitive data, his or her decision to require that such contract be terminated could potentially present a conflict for the Security Director if the termination of such contract could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
The NSA does not impose any fiduciary duties on any other directors of the Company other than the Security Director. However, if the Security Director recommends that a director be removed from the board of directors due to an identified national security concern, as determined by the Security Director in consultation with the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies, the board of directors must ask for the resignation of such director. If such director does not
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resign, the board of directors must call a special meeting of stockholders, in compliance with proxy rules under U.S. securities laws to vote on the removal of such director.
Consistent with the NSA, the Company has established a Security Committee comprised solely of the Security Director, which shall have the following powers, among others:
In the Security Committee’s sole discretion, to remove and replace any officer or employee of Momentus;
To review all contracts with customers, third-party vendors and service providers, and all contracts related to certain technical relationships and protected technical information to ensure they comport with the obligations under the NSA; and
As noted, in the Security Committee’s sole discretion, to block or terminate any contract that the Security Committee determines in the Security Committee’s sole discretion could reasonably be expected to allow for actions contrary to the NSA, including provisions that the Security Committee determines could reasonably be expected to provide Mikhail Kokorich, Nortrone Finance S.A., Lev Khasis, Olga Khasis and Brainyspace LLC with access to protected technical information or could reasonably be expected to cause the transfer of protected technical information in a manner harmful to U.S. national security.
In addition, the Security Director is a member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Any individual nominated by the board of directors to serve as a director of the Company will require at least a majority approval of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, which majority must include the Security Director. Thus, no person could be nominated to serve as a director without the approval of the Security Director.
In addition to the powers above, the Security Director has the following responsibilities:
Provide timely responses to inquiries from the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies and maintain availability, upon reasonable notice from the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies, for discussions with the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies on matters related to our governance and compliance with the NSA;
As noted, develop the annual budget for third-party services and other expenses necessary for us to perform our obligations under the NSA and the agreements entered into with the former co-founders to hold their shares of the Company (the “Voting Trust Agreements”), consistent with the requirements in the NSA;
Review and approve any proposed amendments to the security plan and communications plan required by the NSA, prior to submission of the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies, and any policies and procedures adopted by the Company pursuant thereto, in each case in the Security Director’s sole discretion;
Consult with the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies on nominations to the board of directors and exercise this authority in the Security Director’s sole discretion, subject to such consultation with the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies;
Serve as the primary liaison between the Board and the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies and provide timely responses to inquiries from the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies and maintain availability, upon reasonable notice from the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies, for discussions with the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies on matters relating to the Company’s governance and compliance with the NSA; and
Report any actual or potential violation of the NSA to the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies and the third-party monitor within 24 hours of discovery.
Our amended and restated charter provides that the Security Director may only be removed for cause and with the approval of the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies and at least two-thirds of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors voting as a single class. Our amended and restated charter also provides that any amendment to the charter or bylaws relating to this arrangement will also require the approval of the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies. As a result, it is possible that proposals to remove the Security Director for cause or to amend the provisions in our charter or our amended and restated bylaws relating to the Security Director, could be approved by the requisite stockholder vote in future stockholder meetings, but nonetheless not be effective due to the lack of approval by the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies.
As noted, as required by the NSA, if the Security Director recommends that a director be removed from the board of directors due to an identified national security concern, as determined by the Security Director in consultation with the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies, the board of directors must ask for the resignation of such director. If such director does not resign, the board of directors must call a special meeting of stockholders, in compliance with proxy rules
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under U.S. securities laws to vote on the removal of such director. Pending such vote, we are required to ensure that such director does not receive any protected technical information of the company. As a result of the rights granted to the Security Director under the NSA, we could be restricted from, or experience delays in, pursuing acquisitions, customer engagements, commercial relationships or other transactions that we believe would be advantageous to us and our stockholders.
In addition, there could be a risk that certain powers and authority conferred to the Security Director and the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies could be determined not to be permitted under the DGCL. To the extent any of these powers and authorities were determined not to be permitted by the DGCL, we could face uncertainty regarding the legitimacy of the Security Director and the validity of any actions taken by our board. This may make it challenging for us to engage in various transactions and effectuate actions which require due authorization by the board of directors and to conduct business generally. There could also be lawsuits and stockholder litigation challenging the powers and authority conferred to the Security Director and the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies or the legitimacy of any actions taken by members of the board of directors, alleging that certain of these arrangements or actions are not permitted by the DGCL. To the extent determined not to be permitted by the DGCL, the powers and authority conferred to the Security Director and the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are exposed to risks related to geopolitical and economic factors, laws and regulations and our international business subjects us to numerous political and economic factors, legal requirements, cross-cultural considerations and other risks associated with doing business globally.
Our international business is subject to both U.S. and foreign laws and regulations, including, without limitation, laws and regulations relating to export/import controls, sanctions, technology transfer restrictions, government contracts and procurement, data privacy and protection, anti-corruption laws, including the FCPA, the anti-boycott provisions of the U.S. Antiboycott Act of 2018, Part II of the Export Control Reform Act security restrictions and intellectual property. Failure by us, our employees, affiliates, partners or others with whom we work to comply with applicable laws and regulations could result in administrative, civil, commercial or criminal liabilities, including suspension or debarment from government contracts or suspension of our export/import privileges. New regulations and requirements, or changes to existing ones in the various countries in which we operate can significantly increase our costs and pendingrisks of doing business internationally.
Changes in laws, regulations, political leadership and environment, and/or security risks may dramatically affect our ability to obtain any required regulatory approvals and conduct or continue to conduct business in international markets, including sales to customers and purchases from suppliers outside the United States. We may also be impacted by U.S. and foreign national policies and priorities, political decisions and geopolitical relationships, any of which may be influenced by changes in the threat environment, political leadership, geopolitical uncertainties, world events, bilateral and multi-lateral relationships and economic and political factors, and any of which could impact our operations and/or export authorizations, impair our ability to obtain any required regulatory approvals or delay purchasing decisions or payments and the provision of supplies, goods and services including, without limitation, in connection with any government programs. Global economic conditions and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could further impact our business. For example, the tightening of credit in financial markets outside of the U.S. could adversely affect the ability of our customers and suppliers to obtain financing and could result in a decrease in or cancellation of orders for our products and services or impact the ability of our customers to make payments.
We also increasingly are dependent on in-country suppliers and we face risks related to their failure to perform in accordance with the contracts and applicable laws, particularly where we rely on a sole source supplier. The services we provide internationally are sometimes in countries with unstable governments, economic or fiscal challenges, military or political conflicts and/or developing legal systems. This may increase the risk to our employees, subcontractors or other third parties, and/or increase the risk of a wide range of liabilities, as well as loss of property or damage to our products.
The occurrence and impact of these factors is difficult to predict, but one or more of them could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows.
Data breaches or incidents involving our technology could damage our business, reputation and brand and substantially harm our business and results of operations.
If our data and network infrastructure were to fail, or if we were to suffer an interruption or degradation of services in our data center, third-party cloud, and other infrastructure environments, we could lose important manufacturing and technical data, which could harm our business. Our facilities, as well as the facilities of third-parties that
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maintain or have access to our data or network infrastructure, are vulnerable to damage or interruption from earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, fires, cyber security attacks, terrorist attacks, power losses, telecommunications failures and similar events. In the event that our or any third-party provider’s systems or service abilities are hindered by any of the events discussed above, our ability to operate may be impaired. A decision to close facilities without adequate notice, or other unanticipated problems, could adversely impact our operations. Any of the aforementioned risks may be augmented if our or any third-party provider’s business continuity and disaster recovery plans prove to be inadequate. Our data center, third-party cloud, and managed service provider infrastructure also could be subject to break-ins, cyber-attacks, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism and other misconduct, from a spectrum of actors ranging in sophistication from threats common to most industries to more advanced and persistent, highly organized adversaries. Any security breach, including personal data breaches, or incident, including cybersecurity incidents, that we experience could result in unauthorized access to, misuse of or unauthorized acquisition of our internal sensitive corporate data, such as financial data, intellectual property, or data related to contracts with commercial or government customers or partners. Such unauthorized access, misuse, acquisition, or modification of sensitive data may result in data loss, corruption or alteration, interruptions in our operations or damage to our computer hardware or systems or those of our employees and customers. Moreover, negative publicity arising from these types of disruptions could damage our reputation. We may not carry sufficient business interruption insurance to compensate us for losses that may occur as a result of any events that cause interruptions in our service. Significant unavailability of our services due to attacks could cause users to cease using our services and materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
We use software which we have developed in our technology infrastructure, which we seek to continually update and improve. Replacing such systems is often time-consuming and expensive and can also be intrusive to daily business operations. Further, we may not always be successful in executing these upgrades and improvements, which may occasionally result in a failure of our systems. We may experience periodic system interruptions from time to time. Any slowdown or failure of our underlying technology infrastructure could harm our business, reputation and ability to execute on our business plan, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations. Our disaster recovery plan or those of our third-party providers may be inadequate, and our business interruption insurance may not be sufficient to compensate us for the losses that could occur.
We are highly dependent on our senior management team and other highly skilled personnel, and if we are not successful in attracting or retaining highly qualified personnel, we may not be able to successfully implement our business strategy.
Our success depends, in significant part, on the continued services of our senior management team and on our ability to attract, motivate, develop and retain a sufficient number of other skilled personnel, manufacturing and quality assurance, engineering, design, finance, marketing, sales and support personnel. Certain members of our senior management team have extensive experience in the aerospace industry, and we believe that their depth of experience is instrumental to our continued success. The loss of any one or more members of our senior management team for any reason, including resignation or retirement, could impair our ability to execute our business strategy and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Competition for qualified highly skilled personnel can be strong, and we can provide no assurance that we will be successful in attracting or retaining such personnel now or in the future. Any inability to recruit, develop and retain qualified employees may result in high employee turnover and may force us to pay significantly higher wages, which may harm our profitability.
Our operating results may fluctuate significantly, which makes our future operating results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results to fall below expectations or any guidance we may provide.
Our quarterly and annual operating results may fluctuate significantly, which makes it difficult for us to predict our future operating results. These fluctuations may occur due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, including:
our ability to successfully test and validate our technology, including through demonstration missions;
the number and weight of payloads we are able to schedule for launch during a period;
unexpected weather patterns, natural disasters or other events that force a cancellation or rescheduling of launches;
launch vehicle failures which result in cancellation or rescheduling of future launches;
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the availability and cost of raw materials or supplied components critical for the manufacture and operation of our vehicles;
the timing and cost of, and level of investment in, research and development relating to our technologies and our current or future facilities;
developments involving our competitors;
changes in governmental regulations or in the status of our regulatory approvals or applications;
future accounting pronouncements or changes in our accounting policies;
the impact of epidemics or pandemics, including current business disruption and related financial impact resulting from the global COVID-19 health crisis; and
general market conditions and other factors, including factors unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance of our competitors.
The individual or cumulative effects of factors discussed above could result in large fluctuations and unpredictability in our quarterly and annual operating results. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful.
This variability and unpredictability could also result in our failing to meet the expectations of industry or financial analysts or investors for any period. If our revenue or operating results fall below the expectations of analysts or investors or below any guidance we may provide, or if any guidance we provide is below the expectations of analysts or investors, the price of our common stock could decline substantially. Such a stock price decline could occur even when we have met any previously publicly stated guidance we may provide.
If we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of internal controls, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations could be adversely affected, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us.
In September 2020, in connection with the audit of our financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we identified material weaknesses and significant deficiencies in the design and operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. The material weaknesses related to the lack of timely preparation of proper financial close and account reconciliation processes, missed accruals and improper accounting for stock issuance costs. The significant deficiencies related to inadequate evidence to properly support account balances. In July 2021, in connection with the review of our quarterly consolidated financial statements for the period ended June 30, 2021, additional significant deficiencies were identified related to the execution of effective interest rate and diluted EPS calculations. These material weaknesses and significant deficiencies, if not effectively mitigated, may not allow for us to have a timely reporting process and may result in errors reported in our reporting process.
We have mitigated many of the internal control deficiencies and remediated the 2019 material weaknesses by improving the timeliness of preparation of financial close and account reconciliation process by hiring additional experienced management and staff, identifying goods or services received as of the close of the accounting period that have not been invoiced and accruing for such items, and utilizing the use of specialists to determine the proper accounting for highly technical and complex transactions. We are continuously focused on, designing and implementing effective internal controls measures to improve our internal control over financial reporting. Our efforts include a number of actions:
We continue to design and implement additional review procedures within our accounting and finance department to provide more robust and comprehensive internal controls over financial reporting that address the financial statement assertions and risks of material misstatement within our business processes, including implementing a comprehensive close process checklist with additional layers of reviews.
We have established and continue to improve a more formal process to review and ensure proper cut-off and classification of expenses, including those related to legal expenses incurred by us.
We have implemented and are continuing to design a more formal process to properly review and document evidence to support account balances, including preparing analytical analysis of the consolidated financial statements and conducting periodic reviews of the results of operations with senior management.
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We have and are continuing to actively recruit additional personnel, in addition to engaging and utilizing third party consultants and specialists to supplement our internal resources business processes involving highly technical and complex transactions.
If not remediated, material weaknesses could result in material misstatements to our annual or interim consolidated financial statements that might not be prevented or detected on a timely basis, or in delayed filing of required periodic reports. If we are unable to assert that its internal control over financial reporting is effective, or when required in the future, if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an unqualified opinion as to the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our Class A common stock could be adversely affected and we could become subject to litigation or investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.
As part of growing our business, we may make acquisitions. If we fail to successfully select, execute or integrate our acquisitions, then our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected, and the price of our Class A common stock could decline.
From time to time, we may undertake acquisitions to add new products and technologies, acquire talent, gain new sales channels or enter into new markets or sales territories. In addition to possible stockholder approval, we may need approvals and licenses from relevant government authorities for the acquisitions and to comply with any applicable laws and regulations, which could result in increased delay and costs, and may disrupt our business strategy if it fails to do so. Furthermore, acquisitions and the subsequent integration of new assets, businesses, key personnel, customers, vendors and suppliers require significant attention from our management and could result in a diversion of resources from our existing business, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our operations. Acquired assets or businesses may not generate the financial results we expect. Acquisitions could result in the use of substantial amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the occurrence of significant goodwill impairment charges, amortization expenses for other intangible assets and exposure to potential unknown liabilities of the acquired business. Moreover, the costs of identifying and consummating acquisitions may be significant.
To date, we have limited experience with acquisitions and the integration of acquired technology and personnel. Failure to successfully identify, complete, manage and integrate acquisitions could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations and could cause our stock price to decline.
Momentus’ ability to use its net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.
As of December 31, 2021, Momentus had $38.9 million of U.S. federal and $30.9 million of state net operating loss carryforwards available to reduce future taxable income. The $38.9 million in U.S. federal operating loss carryforwards will be carried forward indefinitely for U.S. federal tax purposes. While the federal net operating losses (“NOLs”) can be carried forward indefinitely, California net operating losses begin to expire in the year ending December 31, 2038. It is possible that Momentus will not generate taxable income in time to use these net operating loss carryforwards before their expiration or at all. Under legislative changes made in December 2017, U.S. federal net operating losses incurred in 2018 and in future years may be carried forward indefinitely, but the deductibility of such net operating losses is limited. It is uncertain if and to what extent various states will conform to the newly enacted federal tax law. In addition, the federal and state net operating loss carryforwards and certain tax credits may be subject to significant limitations under Section 382 and Section 383 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (“U.S. Tax Code”), respectively, and similar provisions of state law. Under those sections of the U.S. Tax Code, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other pre-change attributes, such as research tax credits, to offset its post-change income or tax may be limited. In general, an “ownership change” will occur if there is a cumulative change in our ownership by “5-percent stockholders” that exceeds 50 percentage points over a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. Momentus has not yet undertaken an analysis of whether the Business Combination constitutes an “ownership change” for purposes of Section 382 and Section 383 of the U.S. Tax Code.
We are currently involved in a litigation as well as may become involved in future litigations that may materially adversely affect us
From time to time, we may become involved in various legal proceedings relating to matters incidental to the ordinary course of our business, including intellectual property, commercial, product liability, employment, class action, whistleblower and other litigation and claims, and governmental and other regulatory investigations and proceedings. Such matters can be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and resources, cause us to incur significant expenses or liability or require us to change our business practices. Because of the potential risks,
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expenses and uncertainties of litigation, we may, from time to time, settle disputes, even where we believe that we have meritorious claims or claims that may be potentially brought against us within the 10 years following our dissolution. However, becausedefenses. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable, we are a blank check company, rather than an operating company, and our operations will be limited to searching for prospective target businesses to acquire, the only likely claims to arise would be from our vendors (such as lawyers, investment bankers, etc.) or prospective target businesses. If our plan of distribution complies with Section 281(b) of the DGCL, any liability of stockholders with respect to a liquidating distribution is limited to the lesser of such stockholder’s pro rata share of the claim or the amount distributed to the stockholder, and any liability of the stockholder would likely be barred after the third anniversary of the dissolution. We cannot assure you that the results of any of these actions will not have a material adverse effect on our business. Refer to “Item 3. Legal Proceedings” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
On July 15, 2021, a purported stockholder of SRAC filed a putative class action complaint against SRAC, SRC-NI Holdings, LLC ("Sponsor"), Brian Kabot (SRAC CEO), James Norris (SRAC CFO), Momentus, and the Company's co-founder and former CEO, Mikhail Kokorich, in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, in a case captioned Jensen v. Stable Road Acquisition Corp., et al., No. 2:21-cv-05744 (the "Jensen class action"). The complaint alleges that the defendants omitted certain material information in their public statements and disclosures regarding the Business Combination described in Note 1 in the accompany consolidated financial statements(theProposed Transaction”), in violation of the securities laws, and seeks damages on behalf of a putative class of stockholders who purchased SRAC stock between October 7, 2020 and July 13, 2021.
On July 22, 2021 and August 4, 2021, purported stockholders of SRAC filed putative class action complaints against SRAC, SRC-NI Holdings, LLC, Brian Kabot, James Norris, Momentus, and Mikhail Kokorich in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, in cases captioned Hall v. Stable Road Acquisition Corp., et al., No. 2:21-cv-05943 (the "Hall class action") and Depoy v. Stable Road Acquisition Corp., et al., No. 2:21-cv-06287 (the "Depoy class action"). The allegations in the Hall and Depoy class actions are substantially the same as the allegations in the Jensen class action (collectively, referred to as the "securities class actions") and the purported class period is identical. On October 20, 2021, the securities class actions were consolidated in the first filed matter. Other, similar suits may follow.
On November 12, 2021, Lead Plaintiff Hartmut Haenisch filed an Amended Consolidated Class Action Complaint (the “Amended Complaint”) against SRAC, Sponsor, Brian Kabot, Juan Manuel Quiroga, James Norris, James Hofmockel, Momentus, Mikhail Kokorich, Dawn Harms, and Fred Kennedy. Ms. Harms and Mr. Kennedy, and others, were added as defendants in the Amended Complaint. The Amended Complaint alleges that the defendants made certain material misrepresentations, and omitted certain material information, in their public statements and disclosures regarding the Proposed Transaction, in violation of the securities laws, and seeks damages on behalf of a putative class of stockholders who purchased SRAC stock between October 7, 2020 and July 13, 2021. On February 14, 2022, Momentus filed a motion to dismiss the Amended Complaint. Momentus disputes the allegations in the Amended Complaint and intends to vigorously defend the litigation.
These securities class actions and other such litigation matters may be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and resources, cause the Company to incur significant defense and settlement costs or liability, even if we believe the claims asserted against us are without merit. We intend to vigorously defend against all such claims. Because of the potential risks, expenses and uncertainties of litigation, as well as claims for indemnity from various of the parties concerned, we may from time to time, settle disputes, even where we believe that we have meritorious claims or defenses. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable, further compounded by various claims for indemnity which may or may not be fully insured, we cannot assure that the results of these actions, either individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.
Momentus’ management team has limited experience managing a public company and several members have been with Momentus for less than 12 months.
Most of the members of Momentus’ management team have limited experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors, and complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies. Additionally, several members of Momentus’ management team were recently hired, its Chief Executive Officer John Rood, Chief Legal Officer, Paul Ney, and its Chief Financial Officer, Jikun Kim. Momentus’ management team may not successfully or efficiently manage their new roles and responsibilities and may not be fully integrated as a team due to their short tenure with the company. In addition, Momentus’ transition to being a public company subjects it to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under the federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. These new obligations and constituents, together with obligations under the NSA, will require significant attention from Momentus’ senior management and could divert their attention away from the day-to-day management of Momentus’ business, which could adversely affect Momentus’ business, financial condition, and operating results.
We may pursue “moonshot” opportunities which may never come to fruition and instead cause a material adverse effect on our business.
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In addition to the current space economy, we anticipate there could be additional “moonshot” market opportunities, including those relating to in-space data processing and in-space mining. There are considerable scientific, technological, financial, commercial, and other risks, challenges, costs and requirements of successfully executing on any business plan associated with any “moonshot” opportunities, and there is no assurance we will properly assess all claims thatever be able to realize any of the benefits from pursuing any such opportunities. Such pursuits could have the detrimental effect of diverting our management’s time and attention and our resources from our core business operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
Natural disasters, unusual weather conditions, epidemic outbreaks, terrorist acts and political events could disrupt our business and vehicle launch schedules.
The occurrence of one or more natural disasters such as fires, floods and earthquakes, unusual weather conditions, epidemic or pandemic outbreaks, terrorist attacks or disruptive political events where our facilities or the launch facilities our transport partners use are located, or where our third-party suppliers’ facilities are located, could adversely affect our business. Natural disasters including tornados, hurricanes, floods and earthquakes may damage our facilities, the launch facilities we use or those of our suppliers, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Severe weather, such as rainfall, snowfall or extreme temperatures, may impact the ability for launches to occur as planned, resulting in additional expense to reschedule, thereby reducing our sales and profitability. Terrorist attacks, actual or threatened acts of war or the escalation of current hostilities, or any other military or trade disruptions impacting our domestic or foreign suppliers of components of our products, may impact our operations by, among other things, causing supply chain disruptions and increases in commodity prices, which could adversely affect our raw materials or transportation costs. These events also could cause or act to prolong an economic recession or depression in the United States or abroad, such as the current business disruption and related financial impact resulting from the global COVID-19 health crisis. To the extent these events also impact one or more of our suppliers or result in the closure of any of their facilities or our facilities, we may be unable to maintain launch schedules or fulfill our other contracts.
Regulatory Risks
We are subject to stringent U.S. export and import control laws and regulations. Unfavorable changes in these laws and regulations or U.S. government licensing policies, our failure to secure timely U.S. government authorizations under these laws and regulations, or our failure to comply with these laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are required to comply with U.S. export control laws and regulations, including the ITAR administered by the U.S. Department of State’s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (“DDTC”) and the EAR administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (“BIS”). Pursuant to these foreign trade control laws and regulations, we are required, among other things, to (i) maintain a registration under the ITAR, (ii) determine the proper licensing jurisdiction and export classification of products, software, and technology, and (iii) obtain licenses or other forms of U.S. government authorization to engage in the conduct of our space transport business. Violations of applicable export control laws and related regulations could result in criminal and administrative penalties, including fines, possible denial of export privileges, and debarment, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, including our ability to enter into contracts or subcontracts for U.S. government customers. U.S. export licenses are required to transfer or make accessible certain of the Company’s products, software and technical information to its non-U.S. employees (“deemed exports”).
On September 6, 2019, the Company notified the Office of Export Enforcement (the “OEE”) of BIS via an Initial Notice of Voluntary Disclosure that it was possible that various unauthorized deemed exports of EAR-controlled technology to employees of the Company may have occurred. The Company completed a full audit of its trade compliance program at the time and identified several violations which related to the apparently unintentional and unauthorized disclosure of certain limited export-controlled data to non-U.S. employees of the Company. Additional compliance protocols were implemented as part of an internal corrective action process. This disclosure was closed by BIS pursuant to a Warning Letter dated April 20, 2020. While this incident did not result in any monetary or non-monetary penalties, if we are found to be in violation of export control laws and regulations in the future, we could face civil and criminal liabilities, monetary and non-monetary penalties, the loss of export or import privileges, debarment and/or reputational harm.
On May 5, 2021, the Company notified OEE via an Initial Notice of Voluntary Disclosure that a Momentus employee may have inadvertently exported an email containing EAR-controlled technology to a German firm engaged in certain design work without required export authorization. The Company submitted the Germany-related final report to BIS on October 28, 2021. It is possible that, as a result of this matter, the Company may be found to
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be in violation of export control laws and regulations and we may face civil or criminal liabilities, monetary and non-monetary penalties, the loss of export privileges, debarment and/or reputational harm.
On June 11, 2021, the Company notified OEE via an Initial Notice of Voluntary Disclosure that Momentus may have inadvertently exported various EAR-controlled hardware to Poland, Singapore, Norway, and Italy without required export authorization. The Company received an extension to submit the final report of the events to OEE as required and is currently investigating this incident. It is possible that, as a result of this matter, the Company may be found to be in violation of export control laws and regulations and we may face civil or criminal liabilities, monetary and non-monetary penalties, the loss of export privileges, debarment and/or reputational harm.
The inability to secure and maintain necessary export authorizations could negatively impact our ability to compete successfully or to operate our spaceflight business as planned. For example, if we were unable to obtain or maintain our licenses to export certain spacecraft hardware, we would be effectively prohibited from launching our vehicles from certain non-U.S. locations, which would limit the number of launch providers we could use. In addition, if we were unable to obtain a Technical Assistance Agreement from the DDTC to export certain launch-related services, we would experience difficulties or even be unable to perform integration activities necessary to safely integrate our transfer vehicles to non-U.S. launch vehicles. In both cases, these restrictions could lead to higher launch costs, which may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. Similarly, if we were unable to secure effective export licensure to authorize the full scope of activity with a foreign partner or supplier, we may be required to make design changes to spacecraft or updates to our supplier chain, which may result in increased costs to us or delays in vehicle launches.
Any changes in the export control regulations or U.S. government licensing policy, such as those necessary to implement U.S. government commitments to multilateral control regimes, may restrict our operations. There is no inherent right to perform an export and given the significant discretion the government has in adjudicating such authorizations in furtherance of U.S. national security and foreign policy interests and given the Company’s two voluntary disclosures pending before OEE, there can be no assurance we will be successful in our current and future efforts to secure and maintain necessary licenses, registrations, or other U.S. government regulatory approvals.
In addition, U.S. export control laws continue to change. For example, the control lists under the ITAR and the EAR are periodically updated to reclassify specific types of export-controlled technology. For example, any changes to the jurisdictional assignment of controlled data or hardware used by Momentus could result in the need for different export authorizations, each then subject to a subsequent approval. Similarly, should exceptions or exemptions under the EAR or the ITAR, respectively, be changed, Momentus’ activities otherwise authorized via these mechanisms may become unavailable and could result in the need for additional export authorizations. Additionally, changes to the administrative implementation of export control laws at the agency level may suddenly change as a result of geo-political events, which could result in existing or proposed export authorization applications being viewed in unpredictable ways, or potentially brought against us. Asrejected, as a result of the changed agency level protocol.
Our business is subject to a wide variety of additional extensive and evolving government laws and regulations. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our stockholdersbusiness.
We are subject to a wide variety of laws and regulations relating to various aspects of our business, including with respect to our space transport operations, employment and labor, health care, tax, privacy and data security, health and safety, and environmental issues. Laws and regulations at the foreign, federal, state and local levels frequently change, especially in relation to new and emerging industries, and we cannot always reasonably predict the impact from, or the ultimate cost of compliance with, current or future regulatory or administrative changes. We monitor these developments and devote a significant amount of management’s time and external resources towards compliance with these laws, regulations and guidelines, and such compliance places a significant burden on management’s time and other resources, and it may limit our ability to expand into certain jurisdictions. Moreover, changes in law, the imposition of new or additional regulations or the enactment of any new or more stringent legislation that impacts our business could potentiallyrequire us to change the way we operate and could have a material adverse effect on our sales, profitability, cash flows and financial condition.
Failure to comply with these laws or regulations or failure to satisfy any criteria or other requirement under such laws or regulations, such as with respect to obtaining and maintaining licenses, certificates, authorizations and permits critical for the operation of our business, may result in civil penalties or private lawsuits, or result in a delay or the denial, suspension or revocation of licenses, certificates, authorizations or permits, which would prevent us from operating our business. For example, commercial space launches and the operation of our space transport system in the United States require licenses and permits from the FCC and review by other agencies of the U.S. government, including the FAA, the DoD and NASA.
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License or operational approval can include an interagency review of safety, operational, national security, and foreign policy and international obligations implications, as well as a review of foreign ownership. The recent FAA denial of Vigoride-1 payload review unrelated to a launch license was the result of national security concerns related to foreign ownership and control that arose during an interagency review. Future denials of similar licenses or operational approvals may occur and could have a material adverse effect on our operations, sales, profitability, cash flows and overall financial condition. In addition, failure of Momentus, its officers, or its former chief executive officer, Mikhail Kokorich, to comply with governmental orders or agreements may expose Momentus and its officers to liability or penalties. Moreover, as discussed under “Business — Regulatory — National Security Agreement,” failure by Momentus to comply with certain requirements under the NSA could subject Momentus to liquidated damages payable to the U.S. Government in the amount of $100,000 per day, up to an aggregate amount of $1,000,000 per breach.
Regulation of our industry is still evolving, and new or different laws or regulations could affect our operations, increase direct compliance costs for us or cause any third-party suppliers or contractors to raise the prices they charge us because of increased compliance costs. For example, the FCC has an open notice of proposed rulemaking relating to mitigation of orbital debris, which could affect us and our operations. Application of these laws to our business may negatively impact our performance in various ways, limiting the collaborations we may pursue, further regulating the export and re-export of our products, services, and technology from the United States and abroad, and increasing our costs and the time necessary to obtain required authorizations. The adoption of a multi-layered regulatory approach to any one of the laws or regulations to which we are or may become subject, particularly where the layers are in conflict, could require alteration of our manufacturing processes or operational parameters which may adversely impact our business. We may not be in complete compliance with all such requirements at all times and, even when we believe we are in complete compliance, a regulatory agency may determine that we are not.
While Momentus currently has a contract with the U.S. Government, our customers and suppliers could be materially impacted by disruptions in U.S. government operations and funding could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, earnings and cash flows, and otherwise adversely affect our financial condition.
Any disruptions in federal government operations could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, operational delays, earnings, and cash flows. A prolonged failure to maintain significant U.S. government operations for Momentus, its customers and suppliers, particularly those pertaining to our business, could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, operational delays, earnings, and cash flows. Continued uncertainty related to recent and future government shutdowns, the budget and/or the failure of the government to enact annual appropriations, such as long-term funding under a continuing resolution, could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, earnings and cash flows. Additionally, disruptions in government operations may negatively impact regulatory approvals and guidance that are important to our operations.
Changes in U.S. government policy regarding use of commercial data or space infrastructure / mission providers, or material delay or cancellation of certain U.S. government programs, may have a material adverse effect on our customers, suppliers, Momentus revenues, operational delays, earnings and cash flowand our ability to achieve our growth objectives.
Current U.S. government policy enables the U.S. government’s use of commercial data and space infrastructure / mission providers to support U.S. national security objectives. U.S. government policy is subject to change and any change in policy away from supporting the use of commercial data and space infrastructure / mission providers to meet U.S. government service and space infrastructure/mission needs, or any material delay or cancellation of planned U.S. government programs could materially adversely affect our revenue and our ability to achieve our growth objectives.
Contracts with the U.S. government subject us to risks including early termination, audits, investigations, sanctions and penalties.
While we may derive limited revenue from an existing contract with NASA, we may enter into additional contracts with the U.S. government in the future, and this subjects a larger part of our business to statutes and regulations applicable to companies doing business with the government, including the Federal Acquisition Regulation. These government contracts customarily contain provisions that give the government substantial rights and remedies, many of which are not typically found in commercial contracts and which are unfavorable to contractors. For instance, most U.S. government agencies include provisions that allow the government to unilaterally terminate or modify contracts for convenience, and in that event, the counterparty to the contract may generally recover only its incurred or committed costs and settlement expenses and profit on work completed prior to the termination. If the
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government terminates a contract for default, the defaulting party may be liable for any claimsextra costs incurred by the government in procuring undelivered items from another source.
In addition, government contracts normally contain additional requirements that may increase our costs of doing business, reduce our profits, and expose us to liability for failure to comply with these terms and conditions. These requirements include, for example:
specialized disclosure and accounting requirements unique to government contracts;
financial and compliance audits that may result in potential liability for price adjustments, recoupment of government funds after such funds have been spent, civil and criminal penalties, or administrative sanctions such as suspension or debarment from doing business with the U.S. government;
public disclosures of certain contract and company information; and
mandatory socioeconomic compliance requirements, including labor requirements, non-discrimination and affirmative action programs and environmental compliance requirements.
Government contracts are also generally subject to greater scrutiny by the government, which can initiate reviews, audits and investigations regarding our compliance with government contract requirements. In addition, if we fail to comply with government contracting laws, regulations and contract requirements, our contracts may be subject to termination, and we may be subject to financial and/or other liability under our contracts, the Federal Civil False Claims Act (including treble damages and other penalties), or criminal law. In particular, the False Claims Act’s “whistleblower” provisions also allow private individuals, including present and former employees, to sue on behalf of the U.S. government. Any penalties, damages, fines, suspension, or damages could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results.
Failure to comply with federal, state and foreign laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, or the expansion of current or the enactment of new laws or regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, could adversely affect our business and our financial condition.
We collect, store, process, and use personal information and other customer data, including medical information, and we rely in part on third parties that are not directly under our control to manage certain of these operations and to collect, store, process and use payment information. Due to the extentsensitivity of distributions received by them (but no more)the personal information and any liabilitydata we and these third parties manage and expect to manage in the future, as well as the nature of our stockholders may extend beyondcustomer base, the third anniversary of such date. Furthermore, if the pro rata portionsecurity features of our trust account distributedinformation systems are critical. A variety of federal, state and foreign laws and regulations govern the collection, use, retention, sharing and security of this information. Laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection are evolving and subject to potentially differing interpretations. These requirements may not be harmonized, may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another or may conflict with other rules or our public stockholderspractices. As a result, our practices may not have complied or may not comply in the future with all such laws, regulations, requirements and obligations. For example, in January 2020, the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”) took effect, which provides new operational requirements for companies doing business in California. Compliance with the new obligations imposed by the CCPA depends in part on how particular regulators interpret and apply them. If we fail to comply with the CCPA or if regulators assert that we have failed to comply with the CCPA, we may be subject to certain fines or other penalties. On November 3, 2020, voters passed the California Privacy Rights Act, which builds upon the redemption of our public shares inCCPA and expands consumer privacy rights to more closely align with the event we do not complete our initial business combination by May 13, 2021 is not considered a liquidating distribution under Delaware lawEuropean Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”) discussed below.
We expect that new industry standards, laws and such redemption distribution is deemedregulations will continue to be unlawful (potentially dueproposed regarding privacy, data protection and information security in many jurisdictions, including the European e-Privacy Regulation, which is currently in draft form. We cannot yet determine the impact such future laws, regulations and standards may have on our business. Complying with these evolving obligations is costly. For instance, expanding definitions and interpretations of what constitutes “personal data” (or the equivalent) within the United States, the European Economic Area (the “EEA”) and elsewhere may increase our compliance costs and legal liability.
We are also subject to additional privacy rules, many of which, such as the imposition of legal proceedings that a party may bring or due to other circumstances that are currently unknown), then pursuant to Section 174 ofGDPR and national laws supplementing the DGCL, the statute of limitations for claims of creditors could then be six years after the unlawful redemption distribution, instead of three years,GDPR, such as in the caseUnited Kingdom, are significantly more stringent than those currently enforced in the United States. The law requires companies to meet stringent requirements regarding the handling of personal data of individuals located in the EEA. The law also includes significant penalties for noncompliance, which may result in monetary penalties of up to the higher of €20.0 million or 4% of a liquidating distribution.

Wegroup’s worldwide turnover for the preceding financial year for the most serious violations. The GDPR and other similar regulations require companies to give

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specific types of notice and informed consent is required for certain actions, and the GDPR also imposes additional conditions in order to satisfy such consent, such as bundled consents.
A significant data breach or any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with any federal, state or foreign privacy or consumer protection-related laws, regulations or other principles or orders to which we may not hold an annual meeting of stockholders until afterbe subject or other legal obligations relating to privacy or consumer protection could adversely affect our reputation, brand and business, and may result in claims, investigations, proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others or other penalties or liabilities or require us to change our operations and/or cease using certain data sets. Depending on the consummation of our initial business combination, which could delay the opportunity for our stockholders to elect directors.

In accordance with Nasdaq corporate governance requirements, we are not required to hold an annual meeting until no later than one year after our first fiscal year end following our listing on Nasdaq. Under Section 211(b)nature of the DGCL,information compromised, we are, however, requiredmay also have obligations to hold an annual meetingnotify users, law enforcement or payment companies about the incident and may need to provide some form of stockholdersremedy, such as refunds, for the purposesindividuals affected by the incident.

Risks Related to Ownership of electing directors in accordance with our bylaws unless such election is made by written consent in lieu of such a meeting. WeClass A Common Stock
An active trading market for Class A common stock may not hold an annual meeting of stockholdersnever develop or be sustained, which may make it difficult to elect new directors prior to the consummation of our initial business combination, and thus we may not be in compliance with Section 211(b) of the DGCL, which requires an annual meeting. Therefore, if our stockholders want us to hold an annual meeting prior to the consummation of our initial business combination, they may attempt to force us to hold one by submitting an application to the Delaware Court of Chancery in accordance with Section 211(c) of the DGCL.

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We have not registeredsell the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exerciseyou receive.

The price of our Class A common stock may fluctuate significantly due to general market and economic conditions and forecasts, our general business condition and the warrants under the Securities Actrelease of our financial reports. An active trading market for our Class A common stock may not develop or any state securities laws at this time, and such registrationcontinue or, if developed, may not be in place when an investor desiressustained, which would make it difficult for stockholders to exercise warrants, thus precluding such investor from being able to exercise its warrants except on a cashless basis. If the issuance of the shares upon exercise of warrants is not registered, qualified or exempt from registration or qualification, the holder of such warrant will not be entitled to exercise such warrant and such warrant may have no value and expire worthless.

We have not registered thesell their shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants issued in our initial public offering under the Securities Act or any state securities laws at this time. However, under the terms of the warrant agreement, we have agreed that as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 15 business days after the closingan attractive price (or at all). The market price of our initial business combination, we will use our best effortsClass A common stock may decline below stockholders’ deemed purchase price, and they may not be able to file with the SEC a registration statement for the registration under the Securities Act of thesell their shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and thereafter will useat or above that price (or at all). Additionally, if our best efforts to cause the same to become effective within 60 business days following our initial business combination and to maintain a current prospectus relating to the Class A common stock issuable upon exerciseis delisted from Nasdaq for any reason, and is quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board, an inter-dealer automated quotation system for equity securities that is not a national securities exchange, the liquidity and price of the warrants, until the expiration of the warrants in accordance with the provisions of the warrant agreement. We cannot assure you that we will be able to do so if, for example, any facts or events arise which represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement or prospectus, the financial statements contained or incorporated by reference therein are not current or correct or the SEC issues a stop order. If the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants issued in our initial public offering are not registered under the Securities Act, we will be required to permit holders to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis. However, no warrant will be exercisable for cash or on a cashless basis, and we will not be obligated to issue any shares to holders seeking to exercise their warrants, unless the issuance of the shares upon such exercise is registered or qualified under the securities laws of the state of the exercising holder, or an exemption from registration is available. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a registration statement covering the Class A common stock issuable upon exercisemay be more limited than if we were quoted or listed on Nasdaq or another national securities exchange. Stockholders may be unable to sell Class A common stock unless a market can be established or sustained.

The market price of our Class A common stock and warrants may be volatile, which could cause the value of your investment to decline.
If an active market for our Class A common stock and warrants develops and continues, the trading price of our Class A common stock and warrants could be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations. The trading price of our Class A common stock and warrants depends on many factors, including those described in this “Risk Factors” section, many of which are beyond our control and may not be related to our operating performance. Any of the factors listed below could have a material adverse effect on investment in our Class A common stock and warrants, is not effective within a specified period followingand our Class A common stock and warrants may trade at prices significantly below the consummationprice paid for them. In such circumstances, the trading price of our initialClass A common stock and warrants may not recover and may experience a further decline.
Factors affecting the trading price of our Class A common stock and warrants may include:
actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly financial results or the quarterly financial results of companies perceived to be similar to us;
changes in the market’s expectations about our operating results;
the public’s reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements and our filings with the SEC;
speculation in the press or investment community;
actual or anticipated developments in our business combination, warrant holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statementor our competitors’ businesses or the competitive landscape generally;
our operating results failing to meet the expectation of securities analysts or investors in a particular period;
changes in financial estimates and during any period when we shall have failedrecommendations by securities analysts concerning us or the market in general;
operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise warrants on a cashless basis pursuantus;
publications of research reports by securities analysts about us, our competitors, or the space industry;
changes in laws and regulations affecting our business;
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our ability to comply with the exemption provided by Section 3(a)(9)terms of the Securities Act, provided thatNSA and any related compliance measures instituted by the Security Director;
commencement of, or involvement in, litigation involving us;
changes in our capital structure, such exemption is available. If that exemption, or another exemption, is not available, holders will not be able to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis. We will use our best efforts to register or qualify the shares under applicable blue sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available. In no event will we be required to net cash settle any warrant, or issueas future issuances of securities or other compensation in exchange for the warrants in incurrence of additional debt;
the event that we are unable to register or qualify the shares underlying the warrants issued in our initial public offering under applicable state securities laws and there is no exemption available. If the issuance of the shares upon exercise of the warrants is not so registered or qualified or exempt from registration or qualification, the holder of such warrant will not be entitled to exercise such warrant and such warrant may have no value and expire worthless. In such event, holders who acquired their warrants as part of a purchase of units will have paid the full unit purchase price solely for the sharesvolume of Class A common stock included in the units. If and when the warrants become redeemable by us, we may not exercise our redemption right if the issuance of shares of common stock upon exercise of the warrants is not exempt from registration or qualification under applicable state blue sky laws or we are unable to effect such registration or qualification. We will use our best efforts to register or qualify such shares of common stock under the blue sky laws of the state of residence in those states in which the warrants were offered by usavailable for public sale;
any major change in our initial public offering. However, there may be instances in which holdersboard of our public warrants may be unable to exercise such public warrants but holdersdirectors or management;
sales of our placement warrants may be able to exercise such placement warrants.

If you exercise your public warrants on a “cashless basis,” you will receive fewer sharessubstantial amounts of Class A common stock fromby directors, officers or significant stockholders or the perception that such exercise than if you weresales could occur;

general economic and political conditions such as recessions, interest rates, fuel prices, trade wars, pandemics (such as COVID-19), epidemics, currency fluctuations and acts of war or terrorism; and
other risk factors listed under this “Risk Factors” section.
The issuance of additional capital stock in connection with financings, acquisitions, investments, our stock incentive plans or otherwise will dilute all other stockholders.
We expect to exerciseissue additional capital stock in the future that will result in dilution to all other stockholders. We expect to grant equity awards to our employees, directors and consultants under our equity incentive plans. We may also raise capital through equity financings in the future. As part of our business strategy, we may acquire or make investments in complementary companies, products or technologies and issue equity securities to pay for any such warrants for cash.

There are circumstances in whichacquisition or investment. Any such issuances of additional capital stock may cause stockholders to experience significant dilution of their ownership interests and the exerciseper share value of the public warrants may be required or permitted to be made on a cashless basis. First, if a registration statement covering the shares ofour Class A common stock issuable upon exerciseto decline.

Future sales of shares by Company officers, directors and other insiders may adversely affect the warrants is not effective by the 60th business day after the closingmarket price of our initial business combination, warrant holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement, exercise warrants on a cashless basis in accordance with Section 3(a)(9)Class A common stock.
Sales of the Securities Act or another exemption. Second, if a registration statement covering theshares of our Class A common stock issuable upon exerciseby Company officers, directors and other insiders, regardless of the warrants is not effective within a specified period followingactual reason for such sales, may be perceived negatively by the consummationmarket, which could adversely affect the market price of our initial business combination, warrant holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and during any period when we shall have failed to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise warrants on a cashless basis pursuant to the exemption provided by Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, provided that such exemption is available; if that exemption, or another exemption, is not available, holders will not be able to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis. Third, if we call the public warrants for redemption, our management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise warrants to do so on a cashless basis. In the event of an exercise on a cashless basis, a holder would pay the warrant exercise price by surrendering the warrants for that number of shares of Class A common stock equaland make it more difficult for stockholders to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares ofsell their Class A common stock underlying the warrants, multipliedat a favorable time and price.
Future sales of shares by the difference between the exercise price of the warrantsexisting stockholders and the “fair market value” (as defined in the next sentence) by (y) the fair market value. The “fair market value” is the average reported last sale price of the Class A common stock for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of exercise is received by the warrant agent or on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of warrants, as applicable. As a result, you would receive fewer shares of Class A common stock from such exercise than if you were to exercise such warrants for cash.

The grant of registration rights to our initial stockholders may make it more difficult to complete our initial business combination, and the future exercise of suchregistration rights may adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock.

Pursuant to an agreement entered into concurrently with our initial public offering, our initial stockholders and their permitted transferees can demand that we register the placement units, the placement shares, the placement warrants, the shares

Sales of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the placement warrants, the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of the founder shares and holders of units that may be issued upon conversion of working capital loans may demand that we register such units, Class A common stock, warrants or the Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of such units and warrants. We will bear the cost of registering these securities. The registration and availability of such a significantsubstantial number of securities for trading in the public market may have an adverse effect on the market priceshares of our Class A common stock. In addition, the existence of the registration rights may make our initial business combination more costly or difficult to conclude. This is because the stockholders of the target business may increase the equity stake they seekstock in the combined entitypublic market, or ask for more cash consideration to offset the negative impact onperception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock that is expected when the securities owned by our initial stockholders or holders of working capital loans or their respective permitted transferees are registered.

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Because we are neither limited to evaluating a target business in a particular industry sector nor have we selected any specific target businesses with which to pursue our initial business combination, you will be unable to ascertain the merits or risks of any particular target business’ operations.

We seek to complete an initial business combination with companies in the cannabis industry but may also pursue other business combination opportunities, except that we are not, under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, permitted to effectuate our initial business combination with another blank check company or similar company with nominal operations. We are focusing our search for businesses in the cannabis industry that are compliant with all applicable laws and regulations within the jurisdictions in which they are located or operate and, in particular, we will not invest in, or consummate a business combination with, a target business that we determine has been operating, or whose business plan is to operate, in violation of U.S. federal laws, including the U.S. Controlled Substances Act. Because we have not yet selected any specific target business with respect to a business combination, there is no basis to evaluate the possible merits or risks of any particular target business’ operations, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity, financial condition or prospects. To the extent we complete our initial business combination, we may be affected by numerous risks inherent in the business operations with which we combine. For example, if we combine with a financially unstable business or an entity lacking an established record of sales or earnings, we may be affected by the risks inherent in the business and operations of a financially unstable or a development stage entity. Although our officers and directors endeavor to evaluate the risks inherent in a particular target business, we cannot assure you that we will properly ascertain or assess all of the significant risk factors or that we will have adequate time to complete due diligence. Furthermore, some of these risks may be outside of our control and leave us with no ability to control or reduce the chances that those risks will adversely impact a target business. We also cannot assure you that an investment in our units will ultimately prove to be more favorable to investors than a direct investment, if such opportunity were available, in a business combination target. Accordingly, any stockholders who choose to remain stockholders following our initial business combination could suffer a reduction in the value of their securities. Such stockholders are unlikely to have a remedy for such reduction in value unless they are able to successfully claim that the reduction was due to the breach by our officers or directors of a duty of care or other fiduciary duty owed to them, or if they are able to successfully bring a private claim under securities laws that the proxy solicitation or tender offer materials, as applicable, relating to the business combination contained an actionable material misstatement or material omission.

Past performance by our management team may not be indicative of future performance of an investment in us.

Past performance by our management team is not a guarantee either (i) of success with respect to any business combination we may consummate or (ii) that we will be able to locate a suitable candidate for our initial business combination. You should not rely on the historical record of our management team’s or advisors’ performance as indicative of our future performance of an investment in the company or the returns the company will, or is likely to, generate going forward. Additionally, in the course of their respective careers, members of our management team have been involved in businesses and deals that were unsuccessful. Our officers and directors have not had experience with blank check companies or special purpose acquisition companies in the past.

We may seek business combination opportunities in industries or sectors which may or may not be outside of our management’s area of expertise.

We may consummate a business combination with a company in any industry we choose and are not limited to any particular industry or type of business, although we are focusing our search for businesses in the cannabis industry which are not directly involved in the production, distribution and sale of cannabis (i.e. businesses that “touch the plant”) and that are compliant with all applicable laws and regulations within the jurisdictions in which they are located or operate. Although we are focusing on identifying such cannabis companies, we will consider an initial business combination outside of our management’s area of expertise if an initial business combination candidate is presented to us and we determine that such candidate offers an attractive business combination opportunity for our company or we are unable to identify a suitable candidate in this sector after having expanded a reasonable amount of time and effort in an attempt to do so. Although our management will endeavor to evaluate the risks inherent in any particular business combination candidate, we cannot assure you that we will adequately ascertain or assess all of the significant risk factors. We also cannot assure you that an investment in our units will not ultimately prove to be less favorable to investors than a direct investment, if an opportunity were available, in an initial business combination candidate. In the event we elect to pursue a business combination outside of the areas of our management’s expertise, our management’s expertise may not be directly applicable to its evaluation or operation, and the information contained herein regarding the areas of our management’s expertise would not be relevant to an understanding of the business that we elect to acquire. As a result, our management may not be able to adequately ascertain or assess all of the significant risk factors. Accordingly, any stockholders who choose to remain stockholders following our initial business combination could suffer a reduction in the value of their shares. Such stockholders are unlikely to have a remedy for such reduction in value.


Although we have identified general criteria and guidelines that we believe are important in evaluating prospective target businesses, we may enter into our initial business combination with a target that does not meet such criteria and guidelines, and as a result, the target business with which we enter into our initial business combination may not have attributes entirely consistent with our general criteria and guidelines.

Although we have identified general criteria and guidelines for evaluating prospective target businesses, it is possible that a target business with which we enter into our initial business combination will not have all of these positive attributes. If we complete our initial business combination with a target that does not meet some or all of these guidelines, such combination may not be as successful as a combination with a business that does meet all of our general criteria and guidelines. In addition, if we announce a prospective business combination with a target that does not meet our general criteria and guidelines, a greater number of stockholders may exercise their redemption rights, which may make it more difficult for us to meet any closing condition withsell Class A common stock at a target business that requires us to have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash. In addition, if stockholder approvalfavorable time and price. As of the transaction is required by law, or we decide to obtain stockholder approval for business or other legal reasons, it may be more difficult for us to attain stockholder approval of our initial business combination if the target business does not meet our general criteria and guidelines. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public stockholders may receive onlyBusiness Combination, on August 12, 2021, there were approximately $10.00 per share on the liquidation of our trust account and our warrants will expire worthless. In certain circumstances, our public stockholders may receive less than $10.00 per share on the redemption of their shares.

We may seek business combination opportunities with a financially unstable business or an entity lacking an established record of revenue, cash flow or earnings, which could subject us to volatile revenues, cash flows or earnings or difficulty in retaining key personnel.

To the extent we complete our initial business combination with a financially unstable business or an entity lacking an established record of revenues or earnings, we may be affected by numerous risks inherent in the operations of the business with which we combine. These risks include volatile revenues or earnings and difficulties in obtaining and retaining key personnel. Although our officers and directors will endeavor to evaluate the risks inherent in a particular target business, we may not be able to properly ascertain or assess all of the significant risk factors and we may not have adequate time to complete due diligence. Furthermore, some of these risks may be outside of our control and leave us with no ability to control or reduce the chances that those risks will adversely impact a target business.

We are not required to obtain a fairness opinion and consequently, you may have no assurance from an independent source that the price we are paying for the business is fair to our company from a financial point of view.

Unless we complete our initial business combination with an affiliated entity or our board cannot independently determine the fair market value of the target business or businesses, we are not required to obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm or another independent entity that commonly renders valuation opinions that the price we are paying is fair to our company from a financial point of view. If no opinion is obtained, our stockholders will be relying on the judgment of our board of directors, who will determine fair market value based on standards generally accepted by the financial community. Such standards used will be disclosed in our proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable, related to our initial business combination.

We may issue additional common stock or preferred stock to complete our initial business combination or under an employee incentive plan after completion of our initial business combination. We may also issue79,772,262 shares of Class A common stock uponoutstanding, and Momentus stockholders, the conversionSponsor, its affiliate SRAC Partners and the PIPE Investors collectively owned approximately 19.50% of the Class B common stock at a ratio greater than one-to-one at the time of our initial business combination as a result of the anti-dilution provisions contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Any such issuances would dilute the interest of our stockholders and likely present other risks.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of up to 100,000,000outstanding shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, 10,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and 1,000,000 shareswhich approximately 6.97% of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share. There are 73,307,500 and 5,687,500 authorized but unissuedthe outstanding shares of Class A common stock was held by the Sponsor and Class B common stock, respectively, available for issuance, which amount takes into account the shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance upon exercise of outstanding warrants but not the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of Class B common stock. There are currently no shares of preferred stock issuedits affiliate SRAC Partners.

The Sponsor and outstanding. Shares of Class B common stock are convertible into shares of our Class A common stock initially at a one-for-one ratio but subject to adjustment as set forth herein, including in certain circumstances in which we issue Class A common stock or equity-linked securities related to our initial business combination.

We may issue a substantial number of additional shares of common or preferred stock to complete our initial business combination or under an employee incentive plan after completion of our initial business combination (although our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that we may not issue securities that can vote with common stockholders on matters related to our pre-initial business combination activity). We may also issue shares of Class A common stock upon conversion of the Class B common stock at a ratio greater than one-to-one at the time of our initial business combination as a result of the anti-dilution provisions contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. However, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides, among other things, that prior to our initial business combination, we may not issue additional shares of capital stock that would entitle the holders thereof to (i) receive funds from the trust account or (ii) vote on any initial business combination. These provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, like all provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, may be amended with the approval of our stockholders. However, ourSRAC’s executive officers and directors have agreed, pursuant toentered into a writtenletter agreement with us, that they will not propose any amendment to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation (A) to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to allow redemptions in connection with our initial business combination or to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination by May 13, 2021 or (B) with respect to any other provision relating to stockholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity, unless we provide our public stockholders with the opportunity to redeem their shares of common stock upon approval of any such amendment at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest (which interest shall be net of taxes payable), divided by the number of then outstanding public shares.


The issuance of additional shares of common or preferred stock:

may significantly dilute the equity interest of investors in our initial public offering;

may subordinate the rights of holders of common stock if preferred stock is issued with rights senior to those afforded our common stock;

could cause a change of control if a substantial number of shares of our common stock are issued, which may affect, among other things, our ability to use our net operating loss carry forwards, if any, and could result in the resignation or removal of our present officers and directors; and

may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our units, Class A common stock and/or warrants.

Resources could be wasted in researching business combinations that are not completed, which could materially adversely affect subsequent attempts to locate and acquire or merge with another business. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public stockholders may receive only approximately $10.00 per share, or less than such amount in certain circumstances, on the liquidation of our trust account and our warrants will expire worthless.

We anticipate that the investigation of each specific target business and the negotiation, drafting and execution of relevant agreements, disclosure documents and other instruments will require substantial management time and attention and substantial costs for accountants, attorneys, consultants and others. If we decide not to complete a specific initial business combination, the costs incurred up to that point for the proposed transaction likely would not be recoverable. Furthermore, if we reach an agreement relating to a specific target business, we may fail to complete our initial business combination for any number of reasons including those beyond our control. Any such event will result in a loss to us of the related costs incurred which could materially adversely affect subsequent attempts to locate and acquire or merge with another business. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public stockholders may receive only approximately $10.00 per share on the liquidation of our trust account and our warrants will expire worthless. In certain circumstances, our public stockholders may receive less than $10.00 per share on the redemption of their shares.

Our ability to successfully effect our initial business combination and to be successful thereafter will be totally dependent upon the efforts of our key personnel, some of whom may join us following our initial business combination. The loss of key personnel could negatively impact the operations and profitability of our post-combination business.

Our ability to successfully effect our initial business combination is dependent upon the efforts of our key personnel. The role of our key personnel in the target business, however, cannot presently be ascertained. Although some of our key personnel may remain with the target business in senior management or advisory positions following our initial business combination, it is likely that some or all of the management of the target business will remain in place. While we intend to closely scrutinize any individuals we employ after our initial business combination, we cannot assure you that our assessment of these individuals will prove to be correct. These individuals may be unfamiliar with the requirements of operating a company regulated by the SEC, which could cause us to have to expend time and resources helping them become familiar with such requirements. There are a limited number of management teams in the cannabis industry that have U.S. public company experience. As a result, management of a target cannabis business, including any key personnel that it hires in the future, may not be familiar with U.S. securities laws. In addition, the officers and directors of an initial business combination candidate may resign upon completion of our initial business combination. Experienced talent, including senior management, with public company background in the areas of cannabis research and development, growing cannabis and extraction are difficult to source, and there can be no assurance that the appropriate individuals will be available or affordable. The departure of an initial business combination target’s key personnel could negatively impact the operations and profitability of our post-combination business. The role of an initial business combination candidate’s key personnel upon the completion of our initial business combination cannot be ascertained at this time. Although we contemplate that certain members of an initial business combination candidate’s management team will remain associated with the initial business combination candidate following our initial business combination, it is possible that members of the management of an initial business combination candidate will not wish to remain in place. The loss of key personnel could negatively impact the operations and profitability of our post-combination business.

We are dependent upon our executive officers and directors and their departure could adversely affect our ability to operate.

Our operations are dependent upon a relatively small group of individuals and, in particular, our executive officers and directors. We believe that our success depends on the continued service of our executive officers and directors, at least until we have completed our initial business combination. We do not have an employment agreement with, or key-man insurance on the life of, any of our directors or executive officers. The unexpected loss of the services of one or more of our directors or executive officers could have a detrimental effect on us.


Our key personnel may negotiate employment or consulting agreements with a target business in connection with a particular business combination. These agreements may provide for them to receive compensation following our initial business combination and as a result, may cause them to have conflicts of interest in determining whether a particular business combination is the most advantageous.

Our key personnel may be able to remain with the company after the completion of our initial business combination only if they are able to negotiate employment or consulting agreements in connection with the initial business combination. Such negotiations would take place simultaneously with the negotiation of the initial business combination and could provide for such individuals to receive compensation in the form of cash payments and/or our securities for services they would render to us after the completion of the initial business combination. The personal and financial interests of such individuals may influence their motivation in identifying and selecting a target business. However, we believe the ability of such individuals to remain with us after the completion of our initial business combination will not be the determining factor in our decision as to whether or not we will proceed with any potential business combination. There is no certainty, however, that any of our key personnel will remain with us after the completion of our initial business combination. We cannot assure you that any of our key personnel will remain in senior management or advisory positions with us. The determination as to whether any of our key personnel will remain with us will be made at the time of our initial business combination.

We may have a limited ability to assess the management of a prospective target business and, as a result, may effect our initial business combination with a target business whose management may not have the skills, qualifications or abilities to manage a public company, which could, in turn, negatively impact the value of our stockholders’ investment in us.

When evaluating the desirability of effecting our initial business combination with a prospective target business, our ability to assess the target business’ management may be limited due to a lack of time, resources or information. Our assessment of the capabilities of the target’s management, therefore, may prove to be incorrect and such management may lack the skills, qualifications or abilities we suspected. Should the target’s management not possess the skills, qualifications or abilities necessary to manage a public company, the operations and profitability of the post-combination business may be negatively impacted. Accordingly, any stockholders who choose to remain stockholders following the initial business combination could suffer a reduction in the value of their shares. Such stockholders are unlikely to have a remedy for such reduction in value.

Our officers and directors allocate their time to other businesses thereby causing conflicts of interest in their determination as to how much time to devote to our affairs. This conflict of interest could have a negative impact on our ability to complete our initial business combination.

Our officers and directors are not required to, and do not, commit their full time to our affairs, which may result in a conflict of interest in allocating their time between our operations and our search for an initial business combination and their other businesses. We do not intend to have any full-time employees prior to the completion of our initial business combination. Each of our officers is engaged in other business endeavors for which he may be entitled to substantial compensation and our officers are not obligated to contribute any specific number of hours per week to our affairs. Our independent directors may also serve as officers or board members for other entities. If our officers’ and directors’ other business affairs require them to devote substantial amounts of time to such affairs in excess of their current commitment levels, it could limit their ability to devote time to our affairs which may have a negative impact on our ability to complete our initial business combination.

Certain of our officers and directors are now, and all of them may in the future become, affiliated with entities engaged in business activities similar to those intended to be conducted by us (and they may also participate in the formation of, or become officers or directors of, other special purpose acquisition companies) and, accordingly, may have conflicts of interest in allocating their time and determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented.

Until we consummate our initial business combination, we will continue to engage in the business of identifying and combining with one or more businesses. Our sponsor and officers and directors are, and may in the future become, affiliated with entities (such as operating companies or investment vehicles) that are engaged in a similar business, and they may also participate in the formation of, or become officers or directors of, other special purpose acquisition companies.

Our officers and directors also may become aware of business opportunities which may be appropriate for presentation to us and the other entitiesSRAC, pursuant to which they owe certain fiduciary or contractual duties.

Accordingly, they may have conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented. These conflicts may not be resolved in our favor and a potential target business may be presented to another entity prior to its presentation to us. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that we renounce our interest in any corporate opportunity offered to any director or officer unless such opportunity is expressly offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of our company and such opportunity is one we are legally and contractually permitted to undertake and would otherwise be reasonable for us to pursue, and to the extent the director or officer is permitted to refer that opportunity to us without violating another legal obligation.


Our officers, directors, security holders and their respective affiliates may have competitive pecuniary interests that conflict with our interests.

We have not adopted a policy that expressly prohibits our directors, officers, security holders or affiliates from having a direct or indirect pecuniary or financial interest in any investment to be acquired or disposed of by us or in any transaction to which we are a party or have an interest. In fact, we may enter into an initial business combination with a target business that is affiliated with our sponsor, our directors or officers, although we do not intend to do so. We do not have a policy that expressly prohibits any such persons from engaging for their own account in business activities of the types conducted by us. Accordingly, such persons or entities may have a conflict between their interests and ours.

We may engage in an initial business combination with one or more target businesses that have relationships with entities that may be affiliated with our sponsor, officers, directors or existing holders which may raise potential conflicts of interest.

In light of the involvement of our sponsor, officers and directors with other entities, we may decide to acquire one or more businesses affiliated with our sponsor, officers or directors. Our directors also serve as officers and board members for other entities. Such entities may compete with us for business combination opportunities. Despite our agreement to obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm or another independent entity that commonly renders valuation opinions, regarding the fairness to our stockholders from a financial point of view of an initial business combination with one or more businesses affiliated with our officers, directors or existing holders, potential conflicts of interest still may exist and, as a result, the terms of the initial business combination may not be as advantageous to our public stockholders as they would be absent any conflicts of interest.

Since our sponsor, officers and directors will lose their entire investment in us if our initial business combination is not completed, a conflict of interest may arise in determining whether a particular business combination target is appropriate for our initial business combination.

In June 2019, our sponsor purchased an aggregate of 4,312,500 founder shares for an aggregate purchase price of $25,000, or approximately $0.006 per share. The founder shares will be worthless if we do not complete an initial business combination. Our sponsor and Cantor purchased an aggregate of 545,000 placement units at a price of $10.00 per unit, for a purchase price of $5,450,000. Each placement unit consists of one share of Class A common stock and one-half of one warrant. Each whole warrant is exercisable to purchase one whole share of common stock at $11.50 per share. These securities will also be worthless if we do not complete an initial business combination. Holders of founder shares have agreed (A) to vote any shares owned by them in favor of any proposed initial business combination and (B) not to redeemtransfer, assign or sell (except to certain permitted transferees) (a) any founder shares in connection with a stockholder vote to approve a proposed initial business combination. In addition, we may obtain loans from our sponsor, affiliates of our sponsoruntil six months after the Closing or an officer or director. The personal and financial interests of our officers and directors may influence their motivation in identifying and selecting a target business combination, completing an initial business combination and influencing the operation of the business following the initial business combination.

We may issue notes or other debt securities, or otherwise incur substantial debt, to complete an initial business combination, which may adversely affect our leverage and financial condition and thus negatively impact the value of our stockholders’ investment in us.

Although we have no commitments as of the date of this Report to issue any notes or other debt securities, or to otherwise incur outstanding debt, we may choose to incur substantial debt to complete our initial business combination. We have agreed that we will not incur any indebtedness unless we have obtained from the lender a waiver of any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in orearlier if subsequent to the monies held in the trust account. As such, no issuance of debt will affect the per-share amount available for redemption from the trust account. Nevertheless, the incurrence of debt could have a variety of negative effects, including:

default and foreclosure on our assets if our operating revenues after an initial business combination are insufficient to repay our debt obligations;

acceleration of our obligations to repay the indebtedness even if we make all principal and interest payments when due if we breach certain covenants that require the maintenance of certain financial ratios or reserves without a waiver or renegotiation of that covenant;

our immediate payment of all principal and accrued interest, if any, if the debt security is payable on demand;

our inability to obtain necessary additional financing if the debt security contains covenants restricting our ability to obtain such financing while the debt security is outstanding;

our inability to pay dividends on our common stock;

using a substantial portion of our cash flow to pay principal and interest on our debt, which will reduce the funds available for dividends on our common stock if declared, our ability to pay expenses, make capital expenditures and acquisitions, and fund other general corporate purposes;

limitations on our flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in our business and in the industry in which we operate;


increased vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions and adverse changes in government regulation;

limitations on our ability to borrow additional amounts for expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, and execution of our strategy; and

other disadvantages compared to our competitors who have less debt.

We may only be able to complete one business combination with the proceeds of our initial public offering, and the sale of the placement units, which will cause us to be solely dependent on a single business which may have a limited number of services and limited operating activities. This lack of diversification may negatively impact our operating results and profitability.

Of the net proceeds from our initial public offering and the sale of the placement units, $172,500,000 is available to complete our initial business combination and pay related fees and expenses (which includes $6,900,000 for the payment of deferred underwriting commissions).

We may effectuate our initial business combination with a single target business or multiple target businesses simultaneously or within a short period of time. However, we may not be able to effectuate our initial business combination with more than one target business because of various factors, including the existence of complex accounting issues and the requirement that we prepare and file pro forma financial statements with the SEC that present operating results and the financial condition of several target businesses as if they had been operated on a combined basis. By completing our initial business combination with only a single entity, our lack of diversification may subject us to numerous economic, competitive and regulatory developments. Further, we would not be able to diversify our operations or benefit from the possible spreading of risks or offsetting of losses, unlike other entities which may have the resources to complete several business combinations in different industries or different areas of a single industry. In addition, we intend to focus our search for an initial business combination in a single industry. Accordingly, the prospects for our success may be:

solely dependent upon the performance of a single business, property or asset, or

dependent upon the development or market acceptance of a single or limited number of products, processes or services.

This lack of diversification may subject us to numerous economic, competitive and regulatory risks, any or all of which may have a substantial adverse impact upon the particular industry in which we may operate subsequent to our initial business combination.

We may attempt to simultaneously complete business combinations with multiple prospective targets, which may hinder our ability to complete our initial business combination and give rise to increased costs and risks that could negatively impact our operations and profitability.

If we determine to simultaneously acquire several businesses that are owned by different sellers, we will need for each of such sellers to agree that our purchase of its business is contingent on the simultaneous closings of the other business combinations, which may make it more difficult for us, and delay our ability, to complete our initial business combination. We do not, however, intend to purchase multiple businesses in unrelated industries in conjunction with our initial business combination. With multiple business combinations, we could also face additional risks, including additional burdens and costs with respect to possible multiple negotiations and due diligence investigations (if there are multiple sellers) and the additional risks associated with the subsequent assimilation of the operations and services or products of the acquired companies in a single operating business. If we are unable to adequately address these risks, it could negatively impact our profitability and results of operations.

We may attempt to complete our initial business combination with a private company about which little information is available, which may result in an initial business combination with a company that is not as profitable as we suspected, if at all.

In pursuing our initial business combination strategy, we may seek to effectuate our initial business combination with a privately held company. Very little public information generally exists about private companies, and we could be required to make our decision on whether to pursue a potential initial business combination on the basis of limited information, which may result in an initial business combination with a company that is not as profitable as we suspected, if at all.


Our management may not be able to maintain control of a target business after our initial business combination.

We may structure an initial business combination so that the post-transaction company in which our public stockholders own shares will own less than 100% of the equity interests or assets of a target business, but we will only complete such business combination if the post-transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires a controlling interest in the target sufficient for us not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. We will not consider any transaction that does not meet such criteria. Even if the post-transaction company owns 50% or more of the voting securities of the target, our stockholders prior to the initial business combination may collectively own a minority interest in the post business combination company, depending on valuations ascribed to the target and us in the initial business combination. For example, we could pursue a transaction in which we issue a substantial number of new shares of Class A common stock in exchange for all of the outstanding capital stock of a target. In this case, we would acquire a 100% interest in the target. However, as a result of the issuance of a substantial number of new shares of common stock, our stockholders immediately prior to such transaction could own less than a majority of our outstanding shares of common stock subsequent to such transaction. In addition, other minority stockholders may subsequently combine their holdings resulting in a single person or group obtaining a larger share of the company’s stock than we initially acquired. Accordingly, this may make it more likely that our management will not be able to maintain our control of the target business. We cannot provide assurance that, upon loss of control of a target business, new management will possess the skills, qualifications or abilities necessary to profitably operate such business.

We do not have a specified maximum redemption threshold. The absence of such a redemption threshold may make it possible for us to complete an initial business combination with which a substantial majority of our stockholders do not agree.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation does not provide a specified maximum redemption threshold, except we will only redeem our public shares so long as (after such redemption) our net tangible assets will be at least $5,000,001 either immediately prior to or upon consummation of our initial business combination and after payment of underwriter’s fees and commissions (such that we are not subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules) or any greater net tangible asset or cash requirement which may be contained in the agreement relating to our initial business combination. As a result, we may be able to complete our initial business combination even if a substantial majority of our public stockholders do not agree with the transaction and have redeemed their shares or, if we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination and do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, have entered into privately negotiated agreements to sell their shares to our sponsor, officers, directors, advisors or their affiliates. In the event the aggregate cash consideration we would be required to pay for all shares of Class A common stock that are validly submitted for redemption plus any amount required to satisfy cash conditions pursuant to the terms of the proposed initial business combination exceed the aggregate amount of cash available to us, we will not complete the initial business combination or redeem any shares, all shares of Class A common stock submitted for redemption will be returned to the holders thereof, and we instead may search for an alternate business combination.

In order to effectuate an initial business combination, blank check companies have, in the recent past, amended various provisions of their charters and other governing instruments, including their warrant agreements. We cannot assure you that we will not seek to amend our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or governing instruments in a manner that will make it easier for us to complete our initial business combination that our stockholders may not support.

In order to effectuate an initial business combination, blank check companies have, in the recent past, amended various provisions of their charters and modified governing instruments, including their warrant agreements. For example, blank check companies have amended the definition of business combination, increased redemption thresholds and extended the time to consummate an initial business combination and, with respect to their warrants, amended their warrant agreements to require the warrants to be exchanged for cash and/or other securities. Amending our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will require the approval of holders of 65% of our common stock, and amending our warrant agreement will require a vote of holders of at least a majority of the public warrants (which may include public warrants acquired by our sponsor or its affiliates in our initial public offering or thereafter in the open market). In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation requires us to provide our public stockholders with the opportunity to redeem their public shares for cash if we propose an amendment to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation (A) to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to allow redemptions in connection with our initial business combination or to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination by May 13, 2021 or (B) with respect to any other provision relating to stockholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity. To the extent any such amendments would be deemed to fundamentally change the nature of any securities offered through this registration statement, we would register, or seek an exemption from registration for, the affected securities. We cannot assure you that we will not seek to amend our charter or governing instruments or extend the time to consummate an initial business combination in order to effectuate our initial business combination.


The provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation that relate to our pre-business combination activity (and corresponding provisions of the agreement governing the release of funds from our trust account), including an amendment to permit us to withdraw funds from the trust account such that the per share amount investors will receive upon any redemption or liquidation is substantially reduced or eliminated, may be amended with the approval of holders of 65% of our common stock, which is a lower amendment threshold than that of some other blank check companies. It may be easier for us, therefore, to amend our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the trust agreement to facilitate the completion of an initial business combination that some of our stockholders may not support.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that any of its provisions related to pre-initial business combination activity (including the requirement to deposit proceeds of our initial public offering and the private placement of warrants into the trust account and not release such amounts except in specified circumstances, and to provide redemption rights to public stockholders as described herein and including to permit us to withdraw funds from the trust account such that the per share amount investors will receive upon any redemption or liquidation is substantially reduced or eliminated) may be amended if approved by holders of 65% of our common stock entitled to vote thereon, and corresponding provisions of the trust agreement governing the release of funds from our trust account may be amended if approved by holders of 65% of our common stock entitled to vote thereon. In all other instances, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation may be amended by holders of a majority of our outstanding common stock entitled to vote thereon, subject to applicable provisions of the DGCL or applicable stock exchange rules. We may not issue additional securities that can vote on amendments to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Our initial stockholders, who collectively beneficially own up to approximately 21.8% of our common stock, will participate in any vote to amend our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and/or trust agreement and will have the discretion to vote in any manner they choose. As a result, we may be able to amend the provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation which govern our pre-initial business combination behavior more easily than some other blank check companies, and this may increase our ability to complete an initial business combination with which you do not agree. Our stockholders may pursue remedies against us for any breach of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation.

Our sponsor, officers and directors have agreed, pursuant to a written agreement with us, that they will not propose any amendment to our amended and restated certificate of incorporationBusiness Combination, (i) to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to allow redemptions in connection with our initial business combination or to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination by May 13, 2021 or (ii) with respect to any other provision relating to stockholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity, unless we provide our public stockholders with the opportunity to redeem their shares of Class A common stock upon approval of any such amendment at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account divided by the number of then outstanding public shares. These agreements are contained in a letter agreement that we have entered into with our sponsor, officers and directors. Our stockholders are not parties to, or third-party beneficiaries of, these agreements and, as a result, will not have the ability to pursue remedies against our sponsor, officers or directors for any breach of these agreements. As a result, in the event of a breach, our stockholders would need to pursue a stockholder derivative action, subject to applicable law.

We may be unable to obtain additional financing to complete our initial business combination or to fund the operations and growth of a target business, which could compel us to restructure or abandon a particular business combination.

We are targeting businesses larger than we could acquire with the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the sale of the placement units. As a result, we may be required to seek additional financing to complete such proposed initial business combination. We cannot assure you that such financing will be available on acceptable terms, if at all. To the extent that additional financing proves to be unavailable when needed to complete our initial business combination, we would be compelled to either restructure the transaction or abandon that particular business combination and seek an alternative target business candidate. Further, the amount of additional financing we may be required to obtain could increase as a result of future growth capital needs for any particular transaction, the depletion of the available net proceeds in search of a target business, the obligation to repurchase for cash a significant number of shares from stockholders who elect redemption in connection with our initial business combination and/or the terms of negotiated transactions to purchase shares in connection with our initial business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public stockholders may receive only approximately $10.00 per share plus any pro rata interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to us to pay our taxes on the liquidation of our trust account and our warrants will expire worthless. In addition, even if we do not need additional financing to complete our initial business combination, we may require such financing to fund the operations or growth of the target business. The failure to secure additional financing could have a material adverse effect on the continued development or growth of the target business. None of our officers, directors or stockholders is required to provide any financing to us in connection with or after our initial business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public stockholders may only receive approximately $10.00 per share on the liquidation of our trust account, and our warrants will expire worthless. Furthermore, as described in the risk factor entitled “If third parties bring claims against us, the proceeds held in the trust account could be reduced and the per-share redemption amount received by stockholders may be less than $10.00 per share,” under certain circumstances our public stockholders may receive less than $10.00 per share upon the liquidation of the trust account.

Our initial stockholders may exert a substantial influence on actions requiring a stockholder vote, potentially in a manner that you do not support.

Our initial stockholders own shares representing approximately 21.8% of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock. Accordingly, they may exert a substantial influence on actions requiring a stockholder vote, potentially in a manner that you do not support, including amendments to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and approval of major corporate transactions. If our initial stockholders purchase any additional shares of common stock in the aftermarket or in privately negotiated transactions, this would increase their control. Factors that would be considered in making such additional purchases would include consideration of the current trading price of our Class A common stock. In addition, our board of directors, whose members were elected by our initial stockholders, is divided into three classes, each of which generally serves for a term of three years with only one class of directors being elected in each year. We may not hold an annual meeting of stockholders to elect new directors prior to the completion of our initial business combination, in which case all of the current directors will continue in office until at least the completion of the initial business combination. If there is an annual meeting, as a consequence of our “staggered” board of directors, only a minority of the board of directors will be considered for election and our initial stockholders, because of their ownership position, will have considerable influence regarding the outcome. Accordingly, our initial stockholders will continue to exert control at least until the completion of our initial business combination.


Our sponsor paid an aggregate of $25,000 for the founder shares, or approximately $0.006 per founder share. As a result of this low initial price, our sponsor, its affiliates and our management team stand to make a substantial profit even if an initial business combination subsequently declines in value or is unprofitable for our public stockholders.

As a result of the low acquisition cost of our founder shares, our sponsor, its affiliates and our management team could make a substantial profit even if we select and consummate an initial business combination with an acquisition target that subsequently declines in value or is unprofitable for our public stockholders. Thus, such parties may have more of an economic incentive for us to enter into an initial business combination with a riskier, weaker-performing or financially unstable business, or an entity lacking an established record of revenues or earnings, than would be the case if such parties had paid the full offering price for their founder shares.

Unlike other similarly structured blank check companies, our initial stockholders will receive additional shares of Class A common stock if we issue shares to consummate an initial business combination.

The founder shares will automatically convert into Class A common stock at the time of our initial business combination, or earlier at the option of the holders, on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment as provided herein. In the case that additional shares of Class A common stock, or equity-linked securities convertible or exercisable for Class A common stock, are issued or deemed issued in excess of the amounts offered in our initial public offering and related to the closing of the initial business combination, the ratio at which founder shares shall convert into Class A common stock will be adjusted so that the number of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of all founder shares will equal, in the aggregate, on an as-converted basis, 20% of the total number of all outstanding shares of common stock upon completion of the initial business combination, excluding the placement shares and any shares or equity-linked securities issued, or to be issued, to any seller in the business combination and any private placement-equivalent warrants issued to our sponsor or its affiliates upon conversion of loans made to us. This is different from other similarly structured blank check companies in which the initial stockholder will only be issued an aggregate of 20% of the total number of shares to be outstanding prior to the initial business combination. Additionally, the aforementioned adjustment will not take into account any shares of Class A common stock redeemed in connection with the business combination. Accordingly, the holders of the founder shares could receive additional shares of Class A common stock even if the additional shares of Class A common stock, or equity-linked securities convertible or exercisable for Class A common stock, are issued or deemed issued solely to replace those shares that were redeemed in connection with the business combination. The foregoing may make it more difficult and expensive for us to consummate an initial business combination.

We may amend the terms of the warrants in a manner that may be adverse to holders of public warrants with the approval by the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding public warrants. As a result, the exercise price of your warrants could be increased, the exercise period could be shortened and the number of shares of our Class A common stock purchasable upon exercise of a warrant could be decreased, all without your approval.

Our warrants are issued in registered form under a warrant agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and us. The warrant agreement provides that the terms of the warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision, but requires the approval by the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding public warrants to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders of public warrants (which may include public warrants acquired by our sponsor or its affiliates in our initial public offering or thereafter in the open market). Accordingly, we may amend the terms of the public warrants in a manner adverse to a holder if holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding public warrants approve of such amendment. Although our ability to amend the terms of the public warrants with the consent of at least a majority of the then outstanding public warrants is unlimited, examples of such amendments could be amendments to, among other things, increase the exercise price of the warrants, convert the warrants into cash or stock, shorten the exercise period or decrease the number of shares of our Class A common stock purchasable upon exercise of a warrant.

We may redeem your unexpired warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to you, thereby making your warrants worthless.

We have the ability to redeem outstanding warrants at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, at a price of $0.01 per warrant, provided that the last reported salessale price of our Class A common stock equals or exceeds $18.00$12.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading-dayany 30-trading day period commencing onceafter the warrants become exercisableinitial business combination (which clause (a) has been amended by an agreement between the Sponsor, SRAC Partners and ending onSRAC) or (ii) we complete a liquidation, merger, capital stock exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction that results in all of the third trading day priorCompany’s stockholders having the right to the date on which we give proper notice of such redemption and provided certain other conditions are met. If and when the warrants become redeemable by us, we may not exercise our redemption right if the issuance ofexchange their shares of common stock upon exercise of the warrants is not exempt from registration or qualification under applicable state blue sky laws or we are unable to effect such registration or qualification. We will use our best efforts to register or qualify such shares of common stock under the blue sky laws of the state of residence in those states in which the warrants were offered by us in our initial public offering. Redemption of the outstanding warrants could force you (i) to exercise your warrants and pay the exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous for you to do so, (ii) to sell your warrants at the then-current market price when you might otherwise wish to hold your warrants or (iii) to accept the nominal redemption price which, at the time the outstanding warrants are called for redemption, is likely to be substantially less than the market value of your warrants. None of the placement warrants will be redeemable by us so long as they are held by the sponsor, Cantor or their permitted transferees.


Our warrants and founder shares may have an adverse effect on the market price of our Class A common stock for cash, securities or other property and make it more difficult to effectuate our initial business combination.

We issued(b) any private placement units, private placement shares or private placement warrants to purchase 8,625,000 shares of our Class A common stock as part of the units offered in our initial public offering and, simultaneously with the closing of our initial public offering, we issued an aggregate of 272,500 placement warrants. Our initial stockholders currently own an aggregate of 4,312,500 founder shares. The founder shares are convertible into shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment as set forth herein. In addition, if our sponsor makes any working capital loans, up to $1,500,000 of such loans may be convertible into units, at a price of $10.00 per unit at the option of the lender, upon consummation of our initial business combination. The units would be identical to the placement units. To the extent we issue shares of Class A common stock to effectuate an initial business combination, the potential for the issuance of a substantial number of additional(or shares of Class A common stock upon exercise thereof) until 30 days after the completion of these warrantsthe Business Combination. See the section titled “Certain Relationships and conversion rights could make us a less attractive business combination vehicle to a target business. AnyRelated Transactions — Lockup Agreements.”

Following the expiration of such issuancelock-ups, Sponsor will increasenot be restricted from selling the number of issued and outstanding shares of ourClass A common stock that it beneficially owns, other than by applicable securities laws. Additionally, neither certain Momentus stockholders nor the PIPE Investors are restricted from selling any of their shares of Class A common stock, other
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than by applicable securities laws. Sales of substantial amounts of Class A common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales will occur, could adversely affect the market price of Class A common stock and reducemake it difficult for us to raise funds through securities offerings in the valuefuture.
The Sponsor and certain holders of Class A common stock (including SRAC Partners and Prime Movers Lab Fund I, L.P and its affiliates), in each case who received Class A common stock pursuant to the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby entered into the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) in respect of the shares of Class A common stock issued to completeSponsor and such stockholders in connection with the initial business combination. Therefore, our warrants and founder shares may make it more difficult to effectuate an initial business combination or increase the cost of acquiring the target business.

The placement warrants included in the placement units are identicaltransactions set forth above. Pursuant to the warrants sold as part of the units in our initial public offering except that, so long as they are held by our sponsor or itsRegistration Rights Agreement, such holders and their permitted transferees (i) they willare entitled to certain customary registration rights, including, among other things, demand, shelf and piggy-back rights, subject to cut-back provisions. Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, the Sponsor and SRAC Partners have agreed not be redeemable by us, (ii) they (including theto sell, transfer, pledge or otherwise dispose of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exerciseor other securities exercisable therefor for certain time periods specified therein.

We do not plan to declare any dividends in the foreseeable future.
We have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our Class A common stock. The declaration, amount and payment of these warrants)any future dividends will be at the sole discretion of the board of directors. The board of directors may take into account general and economic conditions, our financial condition and operating results, our available cash, current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions, implications on the payment of dividends by us to our stockholders and such other factors as the board of directors may deem relevant.
In addition, the terms of any future indebtedness would likely contain a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us, including restricting or limiting our ability to pay cash dividends. Accordingly, we may not subject to certain limited exceptions, be transferred, assigned or sold by our sponsor until 30 days after the completion of our initial business combination and (iii) they may be exercised by the holderspay any dividends on a cashless basis.

Because each unit contains one-half of one redeemable warrant and only a whole warrant may be exercised, the units may be worth less than units of other blank check companies.

Each unit contains one-half of one redeemable warrant. No fractional warrants will be issued upon separation of the units and only whole warrants will trade. Accordingly, unless you purchase at least two units, you will not be able to receive or trade a whole warrant. This is different from other offerings similar to ours whose units include one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one whole share. We have established the components of the units in this way in order to reduce the dilutive effect of the warrants upon completion of an initial business combination since the warrants will be exercisable in the aggregate for one-half of the number of shares compared to units that each contain a warrant to purchase one whole share, thus making us, we believe, a more attractive merger partner for target businesses. Nevertheless, this unit structure may cause our units to be worth less than if they included a warrant to purchase one whole share.

A provision of our warrant agreement may make it more difficult for use to consummate an initial business combination.

Unlike most blank check companies, if

(i)we issue additional shares of Class A common stock or equity-linked securities for capital raising purposes in connection with the closing of our initial business combination at a Newly Issued Price of less than $9.20 per share;

(ii)the aggregate gross proceeds from such issuances represent more than 60% of the total equity proceeds, and interest thereon, available for the funding of our initial business combination on the date of the consummation of our initial business combination (net of redemptions), and

(iii)the Market Value is below $9.20 per share,

then the exercise price of the warrants will be adjusted to be equal to 115% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price, and the $18.00 per share redemption trigger price will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 180% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price. This may make it more difficult for us to consummate an initial business combination with a target business.

The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources and divert management’s attention.

As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes Oxley Act”), the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the listing requirements of Nasdaq and other applicable securities rules and regulations, Compliance with these rules and regulations increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and increase demand on our systems and resources, particularly after we are no longer an “emerging growth company.” The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. In order to maintain and, if required, improve our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight may be required. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could adversely affect our business and operating results. We may need to hire more employees in the future or engage outside consultants to comply with these requirements, which will increase our costs and expenses.


A market for our securities may not develop, which would adversely affect the liquidity and price of our securities.

The price of our securities may vary significantly due to one or more potential business combinations and general market or economic conditions. Furthermore, an active trading market for our securities may never develop or, if developed, it may not be sustained. You may be unable to sell your securities unless a market can be established and sustained.

Because we must furnish our stockholders with target business financial statements, we may lose the ability to complete an otherwise advantageous initial business combination with some prospective target businesses.

The federal proxy rules require that a proxy statement with respect to a vote on an initial business combination meeting certain financial significance tests include historical and/or pro forma financial statement disclosure in periodic reports. We will include the same financial statement disclosure in connection with our tender offer documents, whether or not they are required under the tender offer rules. These financial statements may be required to be prepared in accordance with, or be reconciled to, accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, or international financial reporting standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or IFRS, depending on the circumstances and the historical financial statements may be required to be audited in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), or PCAOB. These financial statements may also be required to be prepared in accordance with GAAP in connection with our current report on Form 8-K announcing the closing of our initial business combination within four business days following such closing. These financial statement requirements may limit the pool of potential target businesses we may acquire because some targets may be unable to provide such financial statements in time for us to disclose such statements in accordance with federal proxy rules and complete our initial business combination within the prescribed time frame.

We are an emerging growth company and a “smaller reporting company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and if we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies, this could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies.

We are an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. As a result, our stockholders may not have access to certain information they may deem important. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if the market value of our Class A common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any June 30 before that time, in which case we would no longer be an emerging growth company as of the following December 31. We cannot predict whether investors will findforeseeable future.

If securities and industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research or reports, about our securities less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors findbusiness or our securities less attractive as a result ofmarket, our reliance on these exemptions, thestock price and trading prices of our securities may be lower than they otherwise would be, there may be a less activevolume could decline.
The trading market for our Class A common stock and warrants will depend, in part, on the research and reports that securities and industry analysts publish about us, our business and our market. Securities and industry analysts do not currently, and may never, publish research on us. If securities and industry analysts do not commence coverage of us, our stock price and trading volume would likely be negatively impacted. In the trading pricesevent securities or industry analysts initiate coverage, if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock, publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business or our market, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, our stock price would likely decline.
Our charter documents and Delaware law could prevent a takeover that stockholders consider favorable and could also reduce the market price of the Class A common stock.
Certain provisions of our securitiesamended and restated charter, as well as our amended and restated bylaws may have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying, or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. These provisions provide for, among other things:
a classified board of directors whose members serve staggered three-year terms;
the authorization of “blank check” preferred stock, which could be issued by the board of directors without stockholder approval and may contain voting, liquidation, dividend and other rights superior to our Class A common stock;
a limitation on the ability of, and providing indemnification to, our directors and officers;
a requirement that special meetings of our stockholders can be called only by our board of directors acting by a written resolution by a majority of the directors then in office), the Chairperson of the board of directors, our Chief Executive Officer or our Lead Independent Director;
a requirement of advance notice of stockholder proposals for business to be conducted at meetings stockholders and for nominations of candidates for election to the board of directors;
a requirement that our directors may be more volatile.

Further, Section 102(b)(1)removed only for cause and by a two-thirds (2/3) vote of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being requiredstockholders; provided that the removal of the Security Director would also require the approval of the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies;

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a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent;
a requirement that vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by a majority of directors then in office or by a sole remaining director (subject to comply with newlimited exceptions), even though less than a quorum; and
a requirement of the approval of the board of directors or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those thatthe holders of at least two-thirds of our outstanding shares of capital stock to amend our bylaws and certain provisions of our charter.
In addition, we have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to optopted out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt outprovisions of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible becauseSection 203 of the potential differencesDGCL, which generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in accountant standards used.

Additionally, we areany of a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Rule 10(f)(1)broad range of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companiesbusiness combinations with any “interested” stockholder for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became an “interested” stockholder.

These provisions may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements. We will remain a smaller reporting company untilfrustrate or prevent any attempts by stockholders to replace or remove the last day of the fiscal year in which (1) the market value of our shares heldCompany’s management by non-affiliates exceeds $250 million as of the prior June 30, or (2) our annual revenues exceeded $100 million during such completed fiscal year and the market value of our shares held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30. To the extent we take advantage of such reduced disclosure obligations, it may also make comparison of our financial statements with other public companies difficult or impossible.


Compliance obligations under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may makemaking it more difficult for usstockholders to effectuatereplace members of the board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our initial business combination, require substantial financialmanagement. In addition, institutional stockholder representative groups, stockholder activists and others may disagree with our corporate governance provisions or other practices, including anti-takeover provisions, such as those listed above. We generally will consider recommendations of institutional stockholder representative groups, but we will make decisions based on what our board and management resources, and increasebelieve to be in the time and costs of completing an initial business combination.

Section 404best long-term interests of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we evaluateCompany and report onstockholders; however, these groups could make recommendations to our system of internal controls beginningstockholders against our practices or our board members if they disagree with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2020. Only in the event we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer or an accelerated filer will we be required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirement on our internal control over financial reporting. Further, for as long as we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirement on our internal control over financial reporting. The fact that we are a blank check company makes compliance with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act particularly burdensome on us as compared topositions.

These and other public companies because a target company with which we seek to complete our initial business combination may not be in compliance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act regarding adequacy of its internal controls. The development of the internal control of any such entity to achieve compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may increase the time and costs necessary to complete any such business combination.

Provisions in our amendedcharter and restated certificate of incorporationbylaws and under Delaware law may inhibit acould discourage potential takeover of us, which could limitattempts, reduce the price investors might be willing to pay in the future for ourshares of Class A common stock and could entrench management.

result in the market price of Class A common stock being lower than it would be without these provisions.

Our amended and restated certificatecharter provides that a state or federal court located within the state of incorporation contains provisions that may discourage unsolicited takeover proposals thatDelaware will be the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, may consider to be in their best interests. These provisions include a staggered board of directors and the ability of the board of directors to designate the terms of and issue new series of preferred shares, which may make the removal of management more difficult and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our securities.

We are also subject to anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law, which could delaylimit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a chosen judicial forum for disputes with us or prevent a change of control. Together these provisions may make the removal of management more difficult and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our securities.

directors, officers, employees, or stockholders.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation requires,charter provides, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that derivative actions broughtunless we consent in our name, actions against our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders for breachwriting to the selection of fiduciary duty and other similar actions may be brought only inan alternative forum, the Court of Chancery inof the State of Delaware and, if brought outside of Delaware, the stockholder bringing the suit will be deemedthe exclusive forum for the following types of actions or proceedings under Delaware statutory or common law:
any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company;
any action or proceeding asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by or any wrongdoing by any current or former director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or any stockholder to have consentedthe Company or to service of process onstockholders;
any action or proceeding asserting a claim against us or any current or former director, officer or other employee or any stockholder in such stockholder’s counsel, which may havecapacity as such arising out of or pursuant to any provision of the effect of discouraging lawsuits againstDGCL, our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders.

Our amended and restated certificatecharter or our amended and restated bylaws (as each may be amended from time to time);

any action or proceeding to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of incorporation requires,our amended and restated charter and/or our amended and restated bylaws (including any right, obligation or remedy thereunder);
any action or proceeding as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction to the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware; or
any action or proceeding asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in all cases to the fullest extent permitted by law that derivative actions brought in our name, actions against our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders for breach of fiduciary duty and other similar actions may be brought only in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware and, if brought outside of Delaware, the stockholder bringing the suit will be deemed to have consented to service of process on such stockholder’s counsel except any action (A) as to which the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the court’s having personal jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery (andover the indispensable party doesparties named as defendants.
This provision would not consentapply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the personal jurisdiction ofSecurities Act or the Court of Chancery within ten days following such determination), (B) which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a courtExchange Act or forum other than the Court of Chancery, (C)any claim for which the CourtU.S. federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Our amended and restated charter further provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of Chancery does not have subject matter jurisdiction, or (D)an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act as to whichor the Courtrules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
46

Our amended and restated charter also provides that a state or federal court located within the federal district court for the Districtstate of Delaware shall have concurrent jurisdiction. Any personwill be the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a chosen judicial forum for disputes with the Company or entity purchasingour directors, officers, employees, or otherwise acquiringstockholders. If any interest in sharesother court of our capital stock shall be deemedcompetent jurisdiction were to have notice of and consented to the forum provisionsfind either exclusive-forum provision in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims, although our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporationcharter to be inapplicable or unenforceable, in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such actionthe dispute in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the exclusive forum provision will be applicable to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As a result, the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.

Cyber incidents or attacks directed at us could result in information theft, data corruption, operational disruption and/or financial loss.

We depend on digital technologies, including information systems, infrastructure and cloud applications and services, including those of third parties with which we may deal. Sophisticated and deliberate attacks on, or security breaches in, our systems or infrastructure, or the systems or infrastructure of third parties or the cloud, could lead to corruption or misappropriation of our assets, proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data. As an early stage company without significant investments in data security protection, we may not be sufficiently protected against such occurrences. We may not have sufficient resources to adequately protect against, or to investigate and remediate any vulnerability to, cyber incidents. It is possible that any of these occurrences, or a combination of them, could have adverse consequences on our business and lead to financial loss.


If we effect our initial business combination with a company with operations or opportunities outside of the United States, we would be subject to a variety of additional risks that may negatively impact our operations.

If we effect our initial business combination with a company with operations or opportunities outside of the United States, we would be subject to any special considerations or risks associated with companies operating in an international setting, including any of the following:

higher costs and difficulties inherent in managing cross-border business operations and complying with different commercial and legal requirements of overseas markets;

rules and regulations regarding currency redemption;

complex corporate withholding taxes on individuals;

laws governing the manner in which future business combinations may be effected;

tariffs and trade barriers;

regulations related to customs and import/export matters;

longer payment cycles and challenges in collecting accounts receivable;

tax issues, including but not limited to tax law changes and variations in tax laws as compared to the United States;

currency fluctuations and exchange controls;

rates of inflation;

cultural and language differences;

employment regulations;

crime, strikes, riots, civil disturbances, terrorist attacks, natural disasters and wars;

deterioration of political relations with the United States; and

government appropriations of assets.

We may not be able to adequately address these additional risks. If we were unable to do so, our operations might suffer, which may adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.

Cannabis is currently illegal under U.S. federal law and in other jurisdictions

If we complete a business combination with a target in the cannabis industry, our ability to achieve our business objectives will be contingent, in part, upon the legality of the cannabis industry, our compliance with regulatory requirements enacted by various governmental authorities, and our obtaining all regulatory approvals, where necessary. The laws and regulations governing cannabis are still developing, including in ways that we may not foresee. Although the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 has taken hemp and hemp-derived cannabinoids out of the most restrictive class of controlled substances under U.S. federal law, marijuana is a schedule-1 controlled substance in the United States and is currently illegal under U.S. federal law. Even in those U.S. states in which the recreational use of marijuana has been legalized, its use remains a violation of U.S. federal law. Additionally, in 2018, a series of memoranda and guidance from 2009 to 2014 that generally directed U.S. Attorneys not to enforce federal marijuana laws against actors who were in compliance with state guidance were formally rescinded. Since U.S. federal laws criminalizing the use of marijuana preempt state laws that legalize its use, continuation of U.S. federal law in its current state regarding marijuana could limit our ability to do business in the United States. Similar issues of illegality apply in other countries. Any amendment to or replacement of existing laws to make them more onerous, or delays in amending or replacing existing laws to liberalize the legal possession and use of cannabis, or delays in obtaining, or the failure to obtain, any necessary regulatory approvals may significantly delay or impact negatively our ability to consummate an initial business combination with a target business in the cannabis industry and could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity, financial condition or results of operations thereafter.

Change in the laws, regulations and guidelines that impact the cannabis industry may cause adverse effects on our ability to successfully complete our initial business combination with a target business in the cannabis industry.

We only intend to target companies in the cannabis industry that are not directly involved in the production, distribution and sale of cannabis (i.e. businesses that “touch the plant”) and that are compliant with all applicable laws and regulations within the jurisdictions in which they are located or operate. In particular, we will not invest in, or consummate a business combination with, a target business that we determine has been operating, or whose business plan is to operate, in violation of U.S. federal laws, including the U.S. Controlled Substances Act. Changes to such laws, regulations and guidelines may cause adverse effects on our ability to identify and acquire a target company that meets these legal and regulatory requirements at the time of acquisition.


The nascent status of the medical and recreational cannabis industry involves unique circumstances and there can be no assurance that the industry will continue to exist or grow as currently anticipated.

Cannabis industry businesses operate under a relatively new medical and adult-use recreational market. In addition to being subject to general business risks, a business involving an agricultural product and a regulated consumer product needs to continue to build brand, product awareness and operations through significant investments in strategy, production capacity, quality assurance and compliance with regulations. Competitive conditions, consumer tastes, patient requirements and spending patterns in this new industry and market are relatively unknown and may have unique circumstances that differ from existing industries and markets. There can be no assurance that this industry and market will continue to exist or grow as currently estimated or anticipated, or function and evolve in a manner consistent with management’s expectations and assumptions. Any event or circumstance that affects the medical or recreational cannabis industry and market could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Any potential growth in the cannabis industry continues to be subject to new and changing state and local laws and regulations.

Continued development of the cannabis industry is dependent upon continued legislative legalization of cannabis at the state level, and a number of factors could slow or halt progress in this area, even where there is public support for legislative action. Any delay or halt in the passing or implementation of legislation legalizing cannabis use, or its cultivation, manufacturing, processing, transportation, distribution, storage and/or sale, or the re-criminalization or restriction of cannabis at the state level could negatively impact our business. Additionally, changes in applicable state and local laws or regulations, including zoning restrictions, permitting requirements and fees, could restrict the products and services we may offer or impose additional compliance costs on us or our customers. Violations of applicable laws, or allegations of such violations, could disrupt our business and result in a material adverse effect on our operations. We cannot predict the nature of any future laws, regulations, interpretations or applications, and it is possible that regulations may be enacted in the future that will be materially adverse to our business.

Operating in a highly regulated business will require significant resources.

In the event we acquire a business involved in the production, distribution or sale of cannabis products, we will be operating in a highly regulated business. In such a case, we would expect a significant amount of management’s time and external resources to be used to comply with the laws, regulations and guidelines that impact our business, and changes thereto, and such compliance may place a significant burden on our management and other resources.

Differing regulatory environments may cause adverse effects on our operations.

A cannabis products business will be subject to a variety of laws, regulations and guidelines in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. Complying with multiple regulatory regimes will require additional resources and may limit our ability to expand into certain jurisdictions, even where cannabis may be legal. For example, even if cannabis were to become legal under U.S. federal law, companies operating in the cannabis industry would have to comply with applicable state and local laws, which may vary greatly between jurisdictions, increasing costs for companies that operate in multiple jurisdictions.

We may operate a highly regulated business and any failure or significant delay in obtaining regulatory approvals could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business.

In the event we acquire a business involved in the production, distribution or sale of cannabis products, achievement of our business objectives will be contingent, in part, upon compliance with the regulatory requirements enacted by applicable government authorities and obtaining all regulatory approvals, where necessary, for the sale of our products. We cannot predict the time required to secure all appropriate regulatory approvals for our products, additional restrictions that may be placed on our business or the extent of testing and documentation that may be required by government authorities. Any delays in obtaining, or failure to obtain regulatory approvals would significantly delay the development of markets and products and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operation and financial condition.

Marketing constraints under regulatory frameworks may limit a potential target cannabis company’s ability to compete for market share in a manner similar to that of companies in other industries.

The development of a potential target cannabis company’s business and operating results may be hindered by applicable restrictions on sales and marketing activities imposed by regulations applicable to the cannabis industry. For example, the regulatory environment in Canada would limit a target cannabis company’s ability to compete for market share in a manner similar to that of companies in other industries. Additionally, Canadian regulations impose further packaging, labeling and advertising restrictions on producers in the adult-use recreational cannabis market. If a target cannabis company is unable to effectively market its products and compete for market share, or if the costs of compliance with government legislation and regulation cannot be absorbed through increased selling prices for its products, its sales and operating results could be adversely affected.


We may become involved in regulatory or agency proceedings, investigations and audits.

Businesses in the cannabis industry, and the business of the suppliers from which we may acquire the products we may sell, require compliance with many laws and regulations. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations could subject us or such suppliers to regulatory or agency proceedings or investigations and could also lead to damage awards, fines and penalties. We or such suppliers may become involved in a number of government or agency proceedings, investigations and audits. The outcome of any regulatory or agency proceedings, investigations, audits, and other contingencies could harm our reputation or the reputations of the brands that we may sell, require us to take, or refrain from taking, actions that could harm our operations or require us to pay substantial amounts of money, harming our financial condition. There can be no assurance that any pending or future regulatory or agency proceedings, investigations and audits will not result in substantial costs or a diversion of management’s attention and resources or have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Research in the United States, Canada and internationally regarding the medical benefits, viability, safety, efficacy and dosing of cannabis or isolated cannabinoids remains in relatively early stages. There have been few clinical trials on the benefits of cannabis or isolated cannabinoids conducted by us or by others.

Research in the United States, Canada and internationally regarding the medical benefits, viability, safety, efficacy and dosing of cannabis or isolated cannabinoids (such as CBD and THC) remains in relatively early stages. Historically stringent regulations related to cannabis have made conducting medical and academic studies challenging, and there have been relatively few clinical trials on the benefits of cannabis or isolated cannabinoids to date. Many statements concerning the potential medical benefits of cannabinoids are based on published articles and reports, and as a result, such statements are subject to the experimental parameters, qualifications and limitations in the studies that have been completed. Future research and clinical trials may draw different or negative conclusions regarding the medical benefits, viability, safety, efficacy, dosing or other facts and perceptions related to medical cannabis, which could adversely affect social acceptance of cannabis and the demand for cannabis products. We may be subject to liability for risks against which we cannot insure or against which we may elect not to insure due to the high cost of insurance premiums or other factors. The payment of any such liabilities would reduce the funds available for our normal business activities. Payment of liabilities for which we do not carry insurance may have a material adverse effect on our financial position and operations.

With respect to target businesses operating in the medical and adult-use cannabis markets, the illicit supply of cannabis and cannabis-based products may reduce our sales and impede our ability to succeed in such markets.

In the event we acquire a target business operating in the medical and adult-use cannabis markets, we may face competition from unlicensed and unregulated market participants, including illegal dispensaries and black market suppliers selling cannabis and cannabis-based products.

Even with the legalization of medical and adult-use cannabis in certain jurisdictions, black market operations remain abundant and are a substantial competitor to cannabis-related businesses. In addition, illegal dispensaries and black market participants may be able to (i) offer products with higher concentrations of active ingredients that are either expressly prohibited or impracticable to produce under applicable regulations, (ii) use delivery methods, including edibles, concentrates and extract vaporizers, that we may be prohibited from offering to individuals in such jurisdictions, (iii) brand products more explicitly, and (iv) describe/discuss intended effects of products. As these illicit market participants do not comply with the regulations governing the medical and adult-use cannabis industry in such jurisdictions, their operations may also have significantly lower costs.

As a result of the competition presented by the black market for cannabis, any unwillingness by consumers currently utilizing these unlicensed distribution channels to begin purchasing from legal producers for any reason or any inability or unwillingness of law enforcement authorities to enforce laws prohibiting the unlicensed cultivation and sale of cannabis and cannabis-based products could (i) result in the perpetuation of the black market for cannabis, (ii) adversely affect our market share and (iii) adversely impact the public perception of cannabis use and licensed cannabis producers and dealers, all of which would have a materially adverse effect on our business, operations and financial condition.

If recreational or medical-use consumers elect to produce cannabis for their own purposes, it could reduce the addressable market for a potential target cannabis company’s products.

Cannabis regulations may permit the end user to produce cannabis for their own purposes. For example, under cannabis regulations in Canada, three options are available for an individual to obtain cannabis for medical purposes: (i) registering with a holder of a license to sell for medical purposes and purchasing products from that entity; (ii) register with Health Canada to produce a limited amount of cannabis for their own medical purposes; or (iii) designate someone else to produce cannabis for them. It is possible that the ability of an end user to produce cannabis for their own purposes, such as under (ii) and (iii) above, could significantly reduce the addressable market for a potential target cannabis company’s products and could materially and adversely affect the business, financial condition and results of operations of a potential target cannabis company.


The cannabis industry faces significant opposition, and any negative trends may adversely affect our business operations.

If we complete a business combination with a target in the cannabis industry, we will be substantially dependent on the continued market acceptance, and the proliferation of consumers, of cannabis. We believe that with further legalization, cannabis will become more accepted, resulting in growth in consumer demand. However, we cannot predict the future growth rate or future market potential, and any negative outlook on the cannabis industry may adversely affect our business operations.

Large, well-funded industries that perceive cannabis products and services as competitive with their own, including but not limited to the pharmaceutical industry, adult beverage industry and tobacco industry, all of which have powerful lobbying and financial resources, may have strong economic reasons to oppose the development of the cannabis industry. For example, should cannabis displace other drugs or products, the medical cannabis industry could face a material threat from the pharmaceutical industry, which is well-funded and possesses a strong and experienced lobby. Any inroads the pharmaceutical or any other potentially displaced, industry or sector could make in halting or impeding the cannabis industry could have a detrimental impact on our business.

If we acquire a target business in the cannabis industry, because cannabis has been commonly associated with various other narcotics, violence and criminal activities, there is a risk that our business might also attract negative publicity. There is also a risk that the actions of other companies, service providers and customers in the cannabis industry may negatively affect the reputation of the industry as a whole and thereby negatively impact our reputation. The increased usage of social media and other web-based tools used to generate, publish and discuss user-generated content and to connect with other users has made it increasingly easier for individuals and groups to communicate and share negative opinions and views in regards to the cannabis industry in general, whether true or not.

We do not ultimately have direct control over how we or the cannabis industry is perceived by others. Reputational issues may result in decreased investor confidence, increased challenges in developing and maintaining community relations and present an impediment to our overall ability to advance our business strategy and realize on our growth prospects.

Competition from synthetic products may adversely affect the business, financial condition or results of operations of a potential target cannabis company.

The pharmaceutical industry may attempt to dominate the cannabis industry, and in particular, legal cannabis, through the development and distribution of synthetic products which emulate the effects of cannabis. If they are successful, the widespread popularity of such synthetic products could change the demand, volume and profitability of the cannabis industry. This could adversely affect the ability of a potential target cannabis company to secure long-term profitability and success through the sustainable and profitable operation of the anticipated businesses and investment targets, and could have a material adverse effect on a potential target cannabis company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

An initial surge in demand for cannabis may result in supply shortages in the short term, while in the longer term, supply of cannabis could exceed demand, which may cause a fluctuation in revenue.

Changes in the legal status of cannabis may result in an initial surge in demand. As a result of such initial surge, cannabis companies operating under such changed legal regime may not be able to produce enough cannabis to meet demand of the adult-use recreational and medical markets, as applicable. This may result in lower than expected sales and revenues and increased competition for sales and sources of supply.

However, in the future, cannabis producers may produce more cannabis than is needed to satisfy the collective demand of the adult-use recreational and medical markets, as applicable, and they may be unable to export that oversupply into other markets where cannabis use is fully legal under all applicable jurisdictional laws. As a result, the available supply of cannabis could exceed demand, resulting in a significant decline in the market price for cannabis. If such supply or price fluctuations were to occur, companies operating in the cannabis industry may see revenue and profitability fluctuate materially and their business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be adversely affected.

Consumer preferences may change, and the potential target business may be unsuccessful in acquiring or retaining consumers and keeping pace with changing market developments.

As a result of changing consumer preferences, many consumer products attain financial success for a limited period of time. Even if a potential target’s products find success initially, there can be no assurance that such products will continue to be profitable. A potential target’s success will be significantly dependent upon its ability to develop new and improved product lines and adapt to consumer preferences. Even if a potential target business is successful in introducing new products or developing its current products, a failure to gain consumer acceptance or to update products could cause a decline in the products’ popularity and impair the brands. In addition, a potential target business may be required to invest significant capital in the creation of new product lines, strains, brands, marketing campaigns, packaging and other product features-none of which are guaranteed to be successful. Failure to introduce new features and product lines and to achieve and sustain market acceptance could result in the potential target business being unable to satisfy consumer preferences and generate revenue.


A potential target’s success depends on its ability to attract and retain consumers. There are many factors which could impact its ability to attract and retain consumers, including its ability to continually produce desirable and effective products, the successful implementation of its consumer acquisition plan and the continued growth in the aggregate number of potential consumers. A potential target business may not be successful in developing effective and safe new products, anticipating shifts in social trends and consumer demands, bringing such products to market in time to be effectively commercialized, or obtaining any required regulatory approvals, which, together with any capital expenditures made in the course of such product development and regulatory approval processes. A potential target’s failure to acquire and retain consumers could have a material adverse effect on the potential target business.

In addition, the patterns of cannabis consumption may shift over time due to a variety of factors, including changes in demographics, social trends, public health polices and other leisure or consumption behaviors. If consumer preferences for a potential target’s products or cannabis products in general do not develop, or if once developed, they were to move away from its products or cannabis products in general, or if a potential target business is unable to anticipate and respond effectively to shifts in consumer behaviors, it may be adversely affected.

The cannabis industry is highly competitive and evolving.

The market for businesses in the cannabis industry is highly competitive and evolving. There may be no material aspect of our business that is protected by patents, copyrights, trademarks or trade names, and we may face strong competition from larger companies, including in our search for an initial business combination and those that may offer similar products and services to ours following our initial business combination. Our potential competitors may have longer operating histories, significantly greater financial, marketing or other resources and larger client bases than we will, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully compete against these or other competitors. Additionally, because the cannabis industry is at an early stage, a potential target cannabis company may face additional competition from new entrants, including as a result of an increased number of licenses granted under any applicable regulatory regime.

If the number of users of medical cannabis increases, and/or if the national demand for recreational cannabis increases, the demand for products will increase and we expect that competition will become more intense, as current and future competitors begin to offer an increasing number of diversified products. To remain competitive, a target business may require a continued high level of investment in research and development, marketing, sales and client support. However, a potential target business may not have sufficient resources to maintain research and development, marketing, sales and client support efforts on a competitive basis, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, as new technologies relatedIn addition, although the Delaware Supreme Court ruled in March 2020 that federal forum selection provisions purporting to require claims under the cultivation, processing, manufacturing and research and development of cannabis are being explored,Securities Act be brought in federal court were “facially valid” under Delaware law, there is potential for third party competitorsuncertainty as to bewhether other courts will enforce our federal forum selection clause.

General Risks
Our employees and independent contractors may engage in possession of superior technology that would reduce any relative competitiveness a potential business target may have.

As the legal landscape for cannabis continues to evolve, it is possible that the cannabis industry will undergo consolidation, creating larger companies with greater financial resources, manufacturing and marketing capabilities and product offerings.

Given the rapid changes affecting the global, national, and regional economies generally and the cannabis industry, in particular, we may not be able to create and maintain a competitive advantage in the marketplace.

Our success will depend on our ability to keep pace with any changes in our markets, particularly, legal and regulatory changes. For example, it is likely that we, and our competitors, will seek to introduce new products in the future. Our success will also depend on our ability to respond to, among other things, changes in the economy, market conditions, and competitive pressures. Any failure by us to anticipate or respond adequately to such changes could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

The technologies, process and formulations a target company uses may face competition or become obsolete.

Many businesses in the cannabis industry face rapidly changing markets, technology, emerging industry standards and frequent introduction of new products. The introduction of new products embodying new technologies, including new manufacturing processes or formulations, and the emergence of new industry standards may render a potential business target’s products obsolete, less competitive or less marketable. The process of developing their products is complex and requires significant continuing costs, development efforts and third party commitments, including licensees, researchers, collaborators and lenders. A target company’s failure to develop new technologies and products and the obsolescence of existing technologies or processes could adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations. A target company may be unable to anticipate changes in its potential customer requirements that could make its existing technology, processes or formulations obsolete. Its success will depend in part on its ability to continue to enhance its existing technologies, develop new technology that addresses the increasing sophistication and varied news of the market, and respond to technological advances and emerging industry standards and practices on a timely and cost-effective basis. The development of its proprietary technology, processes and formulations may entail significant technical and business risks. A potential target company may not be successful in using its new technologies or exploiting its niche markets effectively or adapting its business to evolving customer or medical requirements or preferences or emerging industry standards.


There is uncertainty in pricing and demand for cannabis-based products.

The anticipated pricing of cannabis products may differ substantially from current levels given changes in the competitive and regulatory landscape. The potential target company’s business model may be susceptible to erosion of profitability should cannabis and cannabis-related products experience secular pricing changes. Potential sources of pricing changes include over-production, regulatory action, increased competition or the emergence of new competitors. Additionally, even if pricing of the broader cannabis and cannabis-related product market is sustained, there is no guarantee that a potential target cannabis company will be successful in creating and maintaining consumer demand and estimated pricing levels. To do this, the potential target company may be dependent upon, among other things, continually producing desirable and effective cannabis and cannabis-related products and the continued growth in the aggregate number of cannabis consumers. Campaigns designed to enhance the potential target company’s brand and attract consumers, subject to restrictions imposed by law, can be expensive and may not result in increased sales. If the potential target company is unable to attract new consumers, it may not be able to increase its sales.

A potential target company may have difficulty in forecasting sales and other business metrics.

A potential target cannabis business may rely largely on its own market research to forecast sales as detailed forecasts are not generally obtainable from other sources at this early stage of the cannabis industry. If the potential target business underestimates the demand for its products, it may not be able to produce products that meet its stringent requirements, and this could result in delays in the shipment of products and failure to satisfy demand, as well as damage to reputation and partner relationships. If the potential target business overestimates the demand for its products, it could face inventory levels in excess of demand, which could result in inventory write-downs or write-offs and the sale of excess inventory at discounted prices, which would harm the potential target’s gross margins and brand management efforts.

Due to the nascent nature of the market, it could be difficult for the potential target to forecast demand. In particular, it could be difficult to forecast the rate of the illicit cannabis market crossing over to the legal market. If the market does not develop as the potential target business expects, it could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition to inherent risks and difficulties forecasting sales, anticipated costs and yields are also challenging to predict with certainty as the cannabis industry is in its relative infancy and rapidly evolving. If we make capital investments based on flawed sales, costs and yields forecasts, the potential target business may not achieve its expected, or any, return on invested capital. Failure to realize forecasted sales, costs and yields could have a material adverse effect on the potential target’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

We and our customers may have difficulty accessing the service of banks, which may make it difficult to sell products and services.

Financial transactions involving proceeds generated by cannabis-related conduct can form the basis for prosecution under the federal money laundering statutes, unlicensed money transmitter statute and the U.S. Bank Secrecy Act. Guidance issued by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCen”), a division of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “FinCen Memo”), clarifies how financial institutions can provide services to cannabis-related businesses consistent with their obligations under the Bank Secrecy Act. Despite the rescission of memoranda that had de-prioritized the enforcement of federal law against marijuana users and businesses that comply with state marijuana laws, FinCen has not rescinded the FinCen Memo. While this memo appears to be a standalone document and is presumptively still in effect, FinCen could elect to rescind the FinCen Memo at any time. Banks remain hesitant to offer banking services to cannabis-related businesses. Consequently, those businesses involved in the cannabis industry continue to encounter difficulty establishing banking relationships. Our inability to maintain bank accounts would make it difficult for us to operate our business, increase our operating costs, and pose additional operational, logistical and security challenges and could result in our inability to implement our business plan.

The development and operation of businesses in the cannabis industry may require additional financing, which may not be available on favorable terms, if at all.

Due to the growth in the cannabis industry, the continued development and operation of businesses in the cannabis industry may require additional financing. The failure to raise such capital could result in the delay or indefinite postponement of current business objectives or the cessation of business. There can be no assurance that additional capitalmisconduct or other types of financing will be available if needed or that, if available, the terms of such financing will be favorable.

We may be subject to product liability claims.

If we acquire a target business operating as a manufacturer and distributor of products utilizing cannabis for human consumption, we will face an inherent risk of exposure to product liability claims, regulatory action and litigation if our products are alleged to have caused significant loss or injury. In addition, the manufacture and sale of cannabis products involve the risk of injury to consumers due to tampering by unauthorized third parties or product contamination. Previously unknown adverse reactions resulting from human consumption of cannabis products alone or in combination with other medications or substances could occur. We may be subject to various product liability claims, including, among others, that the products we produced caused injury or illness, include inadequate instructions for use or include inadequate warnings concerning possible side effects or interactions with other substances. We may also be subject to risk of exposure as a result of customers not using our products in the manner in which we intend.

A product liability claim or regulatory action against us could result in increased costs, could adversely affect our reputation with our clients and consumers generally, and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. There can be no assurances that we will be able to obtain or maintain product liability insurance on acceptable terms or with adequate coverage against potential liabilities. Such insurance is expensive and may not be available in the future on acceptable terms, or at all. The inability to obtain sufficient insurance coverage on reasonable terms or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of products.


We may not be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage in respect of the risks our business faces, the premiums for such insurance may not continue to be commercially justifiable or there may be coverage limitations and other exclusions which may result in such insurance not being sufficient to cover potential liabilities that we face.

Although we expect to have insurance coverage with respect to the assets and operations of our target business, such insurance coverage will be subject to coverage limits and exclusions and may not be available for the risks and hazards to which we are exposed. In addition, no assurance can be given that such insurance will be adequate to cover our liabilities, including potential product liability claims, or will be generally available in the future or, if available, that premiums will be commercially justifiable. If we were to incur substantial liability and such damages were not covered by insurance or were in excess of policy limits, we may be exposed to material uninsured liabilities that could impede our liquidity, profitability or solvency.

We, or the cannabis industry more generally, may receive unfavorable publicity or become subject to negative consumer or investor perception.

We believe that the cannabis industry is highly dependent upon positive consumer and investor perception regarding the benefits, safety, efficacy and quality of the cannabis distributed to consumers. The perception of the cannabis industry and cannabis products, currently and in the future, may be significantly influenced by scientific research or findings, regulatory investigations, litigation, political statements, media attention and other publicity (whether or not accurate or with merit) both in the United States and in other countries, including Canada, relating to the consumption of cannabis products, including unexpected safety or efficacy concerns arising with respect to cannabis products or theimproper activities, of industry participants. There can be no assurance that future scientific research, findings, regulatory proceedings, litigation, media attention or other research findings or publicity will be favorable to the cannabis market or any particular cannabis product or will be consistent with earlier publicity. Adverse future scientific research reports, findings and regulatory proceedings that are, or litigation, media attention or other publicity that is, perceived as less favorable than, or that questions, earlier research reports, findings or publicity (whether or not accurate or with merit) could result in a significant reduction in the demand for the cannabis products of a target business we acquire. Further, adverse publicity reports or other media attention regarding the safety, efficacy and quality of cannabis, or the products of a target business we acquire specifically, or associating the consumption of cannabis with illness or other negative effects or events, could adversely affect us. This adverse publicity could arise even if the adverse effects associated with cannabis products resulted from consumers’ failure to use such products legally, appropriately or as directed.

Our reputation and ability to do business may be negatively impacted by the improper conduct of our business partners, employees or agents.

We cannot provide assurance that our internal controls and compliance systems will always protect us from acts committed by our employees, agents or business partners in violation of applicable laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we conduct operations, including those applicable to businesses in the cannabis industry. Any improper acts or allegations could damage our reputation and subject us to civil or criminal investigations and related shareholder lawsuits, could lead to substantial civil and criminal monetary and non-monetary penalties, and could cause us to incur significant legal and investigatory fees.

A potential target company may not succeed in promoting and sustaining its brands, which could have an adverse effect on its future growth and business.

A critical component of a potential target company’s future growth is its ability to promote and sustain its brands, often achieved by providing a high-quality user experience. An important element of a target company’s brand promotion strategy is establishing a relationship of trust with its consumers. In order to provide a high-quality user experience, a potential target company may need to have invested and continue to invest substantial resources in the development of products, infrastructure, fulfilment and customer service operations. Campaigns designed to enhance a potential target company’s brand and attract consumers, subject to restrictions imposed by law, can be expensive and may not result in increased sales. If a potential target company is unable to attract new customers or its consumers are dissatisfied with the quality of the products sold to them or the customer service they receive and their overall customer experience, it could see a decrease in sales, which could have a material adverse effect on the potential target company’sour business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.


The cannabis industry is subject to the risks inherent in an agricultural business, including the risk of crop failure.

The growing of cannabis is an agricultural process. As such, a target business with operations in the cannabis industry is subject to the risks inherent in the agricultural business, including risks of crop failure presented by weather, insects, plant diseases and similar agricultural risks. Although some cannabis production is conducted indoors under climate controlled conditions, cannabis continues to be grown outdoors and there can be no assurance that artificial or natural elements, such as insects and plant diseases, will not entirely interrupt production activities or have an adverse effect on the production of cannabis and, accordingly, the operations of a potential target business.

The cannabis industry is subject to transportation disruptions, including those related to an agricultural product.

As a business revolving mainly around the growth of an agricultural product, the ability to obtain speedy, cost-effective and efficient transport services will be essential to the prolonged operations of a potential target cannabis company’s business. Should such transportation become unavailable for prolonged periods of time, it could have a material adverse effect on the potential target company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Due to the nature of a potential target cannabis company’s products, security of the product during transportation to and from its facilities may be important. A breach of security during transport or delivery could have a material adverse effect on a potential target company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. Any breach of the security measures during transport or delivery, including any failure to comply with recommendations or requirements of regulatory authorities, could also have an impact on the potential target company’s ability to continue operating under its license or the prospect of renewing its licenses.

Many cannabis businessesresults.

We are subject to significant environmental regulations and risks.

Participants in the cannabis industry are subject to various environmental regulations in the jurisdictions in which they operate. These regulations may mandate, among other things, the maintenance of air and water quality standards and land reclamation. These regulations may also set forth limitations on the generation, transportation, storage and disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Environmental legislation is evolving in a manner which will require stricter standards and enforcement, increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessments of proposed projects and a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and their officers, directors and employees. There is no assurance that future changes in environmental regulation, if any, will not adversely affect a potential target business.

Many cannabis businesses are dependent on key personnel with sufficient experience in the cannabis industry.

The success of businesses in the cannabis industry is largely dependent on the performance of their respective management teams and key employees and their continuing ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain highly qualified and skilled employees. Qualified individuals are in high demand, and significant costs may be incurred to attract and retain them. The loss of the services of any key personnel, or an inability to attract other suitably qualified persons when needed, could prevent a business from executing on its business plan and strategy, and the business may be unable to find adequate replacements on a timely basis, or at all.

A potential target company may be dependent on skilled labor and suppliers.

The ability of a potential target business to compete and grow will be dependent on it having access, at a reasonable cost and in a timely manner, to skilled labor, equipment, parts and components. No assurances can be given that the potential target business will be successful in maintaining its required supply of skilled labor, equipment, parts and components. Qualified individuals are in high demand, and the potential target business may incur significant costs to attract and retain them. It is also possible that the final costs of the major equipment and materials, including packaging materials, contemplated by the potential target’s capital expenditure program may be significantly greater than anticipated by the potential target’s management, and may be greater than funds available to the potential target business, in which circumstance the potential target business may curtail, or extend the timeframes for completing, its capital expenditure plans. This could have a material adverse effect on the potential target’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Fraudulent or illegal activity by employees, contractors and consultants may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

A potential target business may be exposed to the risk that any of itsour employees and independent contractors or consultants may engage in fraudulentmisconduct or other illegal activity. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless and/or negligent conduct or disclosure of unauthorizedother activities that violate (i) government regulations, (ii) manufacturing standards, (iii) federal, stateU.S. and provincial healthcare fraud and abuseinternational laws and regulations, or (iv) laws that require the true, complete and accurate reporting of financial information or data.regulations. It mayis not always be possible for the potential target business to identify and deter misconduct by its employees and other third parties, and the precautions taken by the potential target businesswe take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting the potential target businessus from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. In addition, we are subject to the risk that a person or government could allege such fraud or other misconduct, even if none occurred. If any such actions are instituted against the potential target business,us, and it iswe are not successful in defending itselfourselves or asserting itsour rights, those actions could have a significant impact on theour business, of the potential target business,prospects, financial condition and operating results, including, without limitation, the imposition of significant civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, monetary fines, disgorgement, integrity oversight and reporting obligations to resolve allegations of non-compliance, imprisonment, other sanctions, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings and curtailment of theour operations, of the potential target business, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the potential target’sour business, financial condition and results of operations.


A potential target cannabis companyLabor-related matters, including labor disputes, may be reliantadversely affect our operations.

Momentus relies on key inputsits employees in the day to day operations of its business. Actual or threatened labor disputes may disrupt our operations and adversely affect our ability to operate as a business. Such labor disputes and disruptions may result in the loss of market share to competitors and/or have a negative impact on the Company’s brand and corporate image.
In addition, Momentus has experienced shortages of qualified labor in the past and may not be able to realize its cannabis production or capacity targets. The price of production of cannabis will also vary based on a number of factors outside of our control.

A potential target cannabis company’s ability to produce and process cannabis, and the price of production, may be affected by a number of factors, including available space, raw materials, plant design errors, non-performance by third party contractors, increases in materials or labor costs, construction performance falling below expected levels of output or efficiency, environmental pollution, contractor or operator errors, breakdowns, processing bottlenecks, aging or failure of equipment or processes, labor disputes, as well as factors specifically related to indoor agricultural practices, such as reliance on provision of energy and utilities to the facility, and potential impacts of major incidents or catastrophic events on the facility, such as fires, explosions, earthquakes or storms. Any significant interruption or negative change in the availability or economics of the supply chain for key inputs could materially impact the business, financial condition and operating results of a potential target company. Some of these inputs may only be available from a single supplier or a limited group of suppliers, including access to the electricity grid. If a sole source supplier was to go out of business, the target company might be unable to find a replacement for such source in a timely manner or at all. If a sole source supplier were to be acquired by a competitor, that competitor may elect not to sell to the potential target companyexperience them in the future. Any inability to secure required supplies and services or to do so on appropriate terms could have a materially adverse impact on the business, financial condition, resultsshortages of operations and prospects of such businesses.

In addition, the price of production, sale and distribution of cannabis will fluctuate widely due to, among other factors, how young the cannabis industry is and the impact of numerous factors beyond the control of such businesses, including international, economic and political trends, expectations of inflation, currency exchange fluctuations, interest rates, global or regional consumptive patterns, speculative activities and increased production due to new production and distribution developments and improved production and distribution methods.

A potential target company may be vulnerable to rising energy costs.

Cannabis growing operations consume considerable energy, which makes a potential target cannabis company vulnerable to rising energy costs and/or the availability of stable energy sources. Accordingly, rising or volatile energy costs or the inability to access stable energy sourcesqualified labor may have a material adverse effect on the potential target company’sMomentus’ business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

To the extent we acquire cannabis businesses or assets, there may be a lack of access to U.S. bankruptcy protections.

Because cannabis is illegal under U.S. federal law, many courts have denied cannabis businesses bankruptcy protections, thus making it very difficult for lenders to recoup their investments in the cannabis industry in the event of a bankruptcy. If a company we acquire as part of a qualifying transaction were to experience a bankruptcy, there is no guarantee that U.S. federal bankruptcy protections would be available, which could have a material adverse effect on the financial condition and prospects of such business and on the rights of its lenders and security holders.

Any of the foregoing could have an adverse impact on our operations following a business combination. However, our efforts in identifying prospective target businesses are not restricted to the cannabis industry. Accordingly, if we acquire a target business in another industry, these risks will likely not affect us and we will be subject to other risks attendant with the specific industry in which we operate or target business which we acquire, none of which can be presently ascertained.

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 2.Properties.

We do not own any real estate or other physical properties materially important to our operation. We currently maintain our principal executive offices at 1345 Abbot Kinney Blvd., Venice, California 90291. The cost for this space is included in the $10,000 per-month aggregate fee our sponsor charges us for general and administrative services. We consider our current office space, combined with the other office space otherwise available to our executive officers, adequate for our current operations.

Item 3.Legal Proceedings.

To the knowledge of our management, there is no litigation currently pending against us, any of our officers or directors in their capacity as such or against any of our property.

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

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operating results.

PART II

Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Market Information

Our units, Class A common stock and warrants are each traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbols “SRACU,” “SRAC” and “SRACW,” respectively. Our units commenced public trading on November 8, 2019, and our Class A common stock and warrants commenced separate public trading on December 30, 2019.

Holders

On March 24, 2020, there were three holder of record of our units, one holder of record of our Class A common stock and one holder of record of our warrants.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

None.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

On November 13, 2019, we consummated a private placement of an aggregate of 545,000 units the (“Private Placement Units”) at a price of $10.00 per Private Placement Unit, generating total proceeds of approximately $5,450,000. The Private Placement Units, which were purchased by our sponsor and Cantor, are the same as the units issuedChanges in our initial public offering (the “Public Units”), except that the warrants (“Private Placement Warrants”) included in the Private Placement Units are not transferable, assignable or salable until 30 days after the completion of our initial business combination, subject to certain limited exceptions. Additionally the Private Placement Warrants are exercisable on a cashless basisaccounting estimates and are non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Placement Warrants are held by holders other than its initial holders, the Private Placement Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by the holders on the same basis as the Private Placement Warrants. No underwriting discounts or commissions were paid with respect to such sale. The sale of the Private Placement Units was made pursuant to an exemption from registration contained in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”).

Use of Proceeds from the Initial Public Offering

On November 13, 2019, we consummated our initial public offering of 17,250,000 units, including 2,250,000 units issued pursuant to the full exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option. The units were sold at an offering price of $10.00 per unit, generating total gross proceeds of $172,500,000. Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. acted as the sole book running manager of the offering. The securities sold in the offering were registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”) on a registration statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-233980). The SEC declared the registration statement effective on November 7, 2019.

We paid a total of $3,450,000 in underwriting fees related to the initial public offering. In addition, the representative of the underwriter agreed to defer $6,900,000 in underwriting fees.

Upon the closing of our initial public offering, we deposited $172,500,000 (or $10.00 per unit sold in the initial public offering) in the trust account. The proceeds held in the trust account may be invested by the trustee only in U.S. government securities with a maturity of 180 days or less or in money market funds investing solely in U.S. government treasury obligations and meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

None. 

Item 6.Selected Financial Data.

Not required for smaller reporting companies.


Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis ofassumptions could negatively affect our financial conditionposition and results of operations should be read in conjunction withoperations.

We prepare our auditedconsolidated financial statements and the notes related thereto contained elsewhere in this report. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth under “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors”.

Overview

We are a blank check company incorporated as a Delaware corporation and formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combinationaccordance with one or more businesses. We intend to effectuate our initial business combination using cash from the proceeds our initial public offering and the private placement of the placement units, the proceeds of the sale of our shares in connection with our initial business combination (pursuant to backstop agreements we may enter into), shares issued to the owners of the target, debt issued to banks or other lenders or the owners of the target, or a combination of the foregoing.

The issuance of additional shares in connection with an initial business combination to the owners of the target or other investors:

may significantly dilute the equity interest of investors in our initial public offering, which dilution would increase if the anti-dilution provisions in the Class B common stock resulted in the issuance of Class A shares on a greater than one-to-one basis upon conversion of the Class B common stock;

may subordinate the rights of holders of our common stock if preferred stock is issued with rights senior to those afforded our common stock;

could cause a change in control if a substantial number of shares of our common stock is issued, which may affect, among other things, our ability to use our net operating loss carry forwards, if any, and could result in the resignation or removal of our present officers and directors;

may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of us by diluting the stock ownership or voting rights of a person seeking to obtain control of us; and

may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our Class A common stock and/or warrants.

Similarly, if we issue debt securities or otherwise incur significant debt to banks or other lenders or the owners of a target, it could result in:

default and foreclosure on our assets if our operating revenues after an initial business combination are insufficient to repay our debt obligations;

acceleration of our obligations to repay the indebtedness even if we make all principal and interest payments when due if we breach certain covenants that require the maintenance of certain financial ratios or reserves without a waiver or renegotiation of that covenant;

our immediate payment of all principal and accrued interest, if any, if the debt security is payable on demand;

our inability to obtain necessary additional financing if the debt security contains covenants restricting our ability to obtain such financing while the debt security is outstanding;

our inability to pay dividends on our common stock;

using a substantial portion of our cash flow to pay principal and interest on our debt, which will reduce the funds available for dividends on our common stock if declared, our ability to pay expenses, make capital expenditures and acquisitions, and fund other general corporate purposes;

limitations on our flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in our business and in the industry in which we operate;

increased vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions and adverse changes in government regulation;

limitations on our ability to borrow additional amounts for expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, and execution of our strategy; and

other purposes and other disadvantages compared to our competitors who have less debt.

 We expect to continue to incur significant costs in the pursuit of our acquisition plans. We cannot assure you that our plans to complete our initial business combination will be successful.


Results of Operations

We have neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenues to date. Our only activities since inception have been organizational activities and those necessary to prepare for our initial public offering described below, and identifying a target for our initial business combination. We do not expect to generate any operating revenues until after completion of our initial business combination. We generate non-operating income in the form of interest income on marketable securities held in the trust account. We incur expenses as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing compliance), as well as for due diligence expenses in connection with completing our initial business combination.

For the period from May 28, 2019 (date of inception) through December 31, 2019, we had net income of $62,359, which consists of interest income on marketable securities held in the trust account of $346,011, offset by operating costs of $236,085 and a provision for income taxes of $47,567.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Until the consummation of our initial public offering our only sources of liquidity were an initial purchase of Class B Common Stock by the sponsor and loans from our sponsor.

On November 13, 2019, we consummated our initial public offering of 17,250,000 units, which included the full exercise by the underwriter of the over-allotment option to purchase an additional 2,250,000 units, at $10.00 per unit, generating gross proceeds of $172,500,000. Simultaneously with the closing of our initial public offering, we consummated the sale of 545,000 placement units to the sponsor and Cantor at a price of $10.00 per placement unit, generating gross proceeds of $5,450,000.

Following our initial public offering, the exercise of the over-allotment option and the sale of the placement units, a total of $172,500,000 was placed in the trust account. We incurred $10,924,857 in transaction costs, including $3,450,000 of underwriting fees, $6,900,000 of deferred underwriting fees and $574,857 of other offering costs.

For the period from May 28, 2019 (inception) through December 31, 2019, cash used in operating activities was $356,959. Net income of $62,359 was offset by interest earned on marketable securities held in the trust account of $346,011 and changes in operating assets and liabilities, which used $73,307 of cash from operating activities.

As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and marketable securities in the trust account of $172,846,011. We intend to use substantially all of the funds held in the trust account, including any amounts representing interest earned on the trust account (less deferred underwriting commissions) to complete our initial business combination. We may withdraw interest to pay taxes. To the extent that our capital stock or debt is used, in whole or in part, as consideration to complete our initial business combination, the remaining proceeds held in the trust account will be used as working capital to finance the operations of the target business or businesses, make other acquisitions and pursue our growth strategies.

As of December 31, 2019, we had cash of $1,093,184 outside of the trust account. We intend to use the funds held outside the trust account primarily to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, and structure, negotiate and complete our initial business combination.

In order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with our initial business combination, our sponsor or an affiliate of our sponsor or certain of our officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan us funds as may be required. If we complete our initial business combination, we would repay such loaned amounts. In the event that our initial business combination does not close, we may use a portion of the working capital held outside the trust account to repay such loaned amounts but no proceeds from our trust account would be used for such repayment. Up to $1,500,000 of such loans may be convertible into units identical to the placement units, at a price of $10.00 per unit at the option of the lender.

We do not currently believe we will need to raise additional funds in order to meet the expenditures required for operating our business. However, if our estimate of the costs of identifying a target business, undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating our initial business combination are less than the actual amount necessary to do so, we may have insufficient funds available to operate our business prior to our initial business combination. Moreover, we may need to obtain additional financing either to complete our initial business combination or because we become obligated to redeem a significant number of our public shares upon consummation of our initial business combination, in which case we may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such business combination. Subject to compliance with applicable securities laws, we would only complete such financing simultaneously with the completion of our initial business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination because we do not have sufficient funds available to us, we will be forced to cease operations and liquidate the trust account. In addition, following our initial business combination, if cash on hand is insufficient, we may need to obtain additional financing in order to meet our obligations.


Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no obligations, assets or liabilities, which would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K, as of December 31, 2019. We do not participate in transactions that create relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, often referred to as variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements. We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financing arrangements, established any special purpose entities, guaranteed any debt or commitments of other entities, or purchased any non-financial assets.

Contractual obligations

We do not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations or long-term liabilities, other than an agreement to pay an affiliate of our sponsor a monthly fee of $10,000 for office space, utilities and administrative support provided to the Company. We began incurring these fees on November 8, 2019 and will continue to incur these fees monthly until the earlier of the completion of the initial business combination and the Company’s liquidation.

The underwriter is entitled to deferred commissions of $0.40 per unit of the gross proceeds from the units sold in the initial public offering, or $6,900,000 in the aggregate. The deferred commissions will become payable to the underwriter from the amounts held in the trust account solely in the event that we complete a Business Combination, subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity withGAAP. These accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires managementrequire us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our consolidated financial statements. We are also required to make certain judgments that affect the financial statements, and incomereported amounts of revenues and expenses during each reporting period. We periodically evaluate our estimates and assumptions including, but not limited to, those relating to business acquisitions, revenue recognition, restructuring costs, recoverability of assets including customer receivables, contingencies, stock-based compensation and income taxes. We base our estimates on historical experience and various assumptions that we believe to be reasonable based on specific circumstances. These assumptions and estimates involve the periods reported.exercise of judgment and discretion, which may evolve over time in light of operational experience, regulatory direction, developments in accounting principles and other factors. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. The Company has identifiedthese estimates as a result of changes in circumstances, assumptions, policies or developments in the following critical accounting policy:

Common Stockbusiness, which could materially affect our consolidated financial statements.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
47

Item 2. Properties
Momentus leases its office space, which consists of a primary facility located in 3901 North First St., San Jose, CA 95134, and smaller facilities in Santa Clara, CA. Our primary facility lease expires in February 2028. We believe our current office space is sufficient to meet its needs until the expiration of this lease. These leases are utilized by Momentus’ single reporting segment.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may be subject to various claims, lawsuits, and other legal and administrative proceedings that may arise in the ordinary course of business. Some of these claims, lawsuits, and other proceedings may range in complexity and result in substantial uncertainty; it is possible redemption

that they may result in damages, fines, penalties, non-monetary sanctions, or relief. However, we do not consider any such claims, lawsuits, or proceedings currently pending, individually or in the aggregate, to be material to our business or likely to result in a material adverse effect on our future operating results, financial condition, or cash flows.

CFIUS review
On January 21, 2021, Momentus became aware of correspondence from the DoD stating Momentus posed a risk to national security as a result of the foreign ownership and control of Momentus by Mikhail Kokorich and Lev Khasis and their associated entities, as well as concerns regarding disclosures relating to such matters made by Stable Road in its SEC filings in connection with the Business Combination. We accountalso learned that an office of the DoD had requested that appropriate governmental agencies conduct national security reviews, and that until these reviews had been conducted and national security risks effectively mitigated to the satisfaction of the DoD, this DoD office would continue to recommend that the DoD place an indefinite hold on all Momentus’ relationships with the DoD, including, where appropriate, DoD contractors and service providers.
After we became aware of this request, in an effort to expedite the resolution of these concerns, on January 23, 2021, Mikhail Kokorich resigned as Momentus’ Chief Executive Officer and Dawn Harms, formerly Momentus’ Chief Revenue Officer, was appointed as Interim Chief Executive Officer. In addition, Momentus undertook several important actions in an effort to further accelerate the resolution of these concerns. In February 2021, Momentus and its co-founder Mikhail Kokorich, with support from Stable Road, submitted a joint notice to CFIUS for review of the historical acquisitions of interests in Momentus by Mr. Kokorich, his wife, and entities that they control. On June 8, 2021, CFIUS’ review of the joint notice relating to historical acquisitions of interests in Momentus by Mr. Kokorich, his wife, and entities that they control concluded when the Company entered into a National Security Agreement with Mr. Kokorich, on behalf of himself and Nortrone Finance S.A. (an entity controlled by Mr. Kokorich), Lev Khasis and Olga Khasis, each in their respective individual capacities and on behalf of Brainyspace LLC (an entity controlled by Olga Khasis), and the U.S. government, represented by the U.S. Departments of Defense and the Treasury (the “NSA”). In accordance with the NSA, on June 8, 2021, Mr. Kokorich, Nortrone Finance S.A., Lev Khasis and his wife Olga Khasis, and Brainyspace LLC fully divested all the shares of Momentus securities beneficially owned by them by selling the securities back to Momentus. Pursuant to the NSA, a portion of those divestment proceeds were placed in escrow accounts, and may not be released to the divested investors until after completion of audit by a third party auditor of the investors compliance with the NSA and the lapse of a 15 day period without an objection from the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies. As a subsequent event, the remaining proceeds were released from escrow to the divested investors, see Note 15 in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The NSA also establishes various requirements and restrictions on Momentus in order to protect national security, certain of which may materially and adversely affect our operating results due to uncertainty associated with and the cost of compliance with security measures, and limitations on our control over certain U.S. facilities, contracts, personnel, vendor selection and operations. For more information about the NSA, please see the section titled “Business — Regulatory — National Security Agreement.
SEC Settlement
On July 13, 2021, the SEC announced charges against SRAC, Momentus, and Momentus’ founder and former CEO, Mikhail Kokorich, for misleading claims about Momentus’ technology and about the U.S. government’s national security concerns about Mr. Kokorich. The SEC’s settled order finds that Momentus and Mr. Kokorich knowingly or recklessly made misrepresentations of material fact and misleading omissions in violation of antifraud provisions of U.S. federal securities laws, and that SRAC negligently made misrepresentations of material fact and misleading omissions in violation of antifraud provisions of U.S. federal securities laws, as well as related reporting and proxy solicitation provisions. The SEC also announced charges against SRC-NI Holdings, LLC (the "Sponsor") and Brian Kabot, finding that Mr. Kabot negligently violated provisions of U.S. federal securities laws related to proxy solicitations and that Mr. Kabot and the Sponsor caused SRAC’s violation of negligence-based antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws. The SEC’s litigation is proceeding against Mr. Kokorich, against whom the SEC filed
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a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. All parties except for Mr. Kokorich have settled with the SEC.
According to the SEC’s settled order, Momentus and Mr. Kokorich misled SRAC investors, including PIPE Investors, in two respects. First, “Momentus and SRAC both claimed that in 2019, Momentus had ‘successfully tested’ in space its key technology, a microwave electro-thermal (“MET”) water plasma thruster, that Momentus claimed was designed to move a satellite into custom orbit after launch. In fact, that 2019 test failed to meet Momentus’s own public and internal pre-launch criteria for success, and was conducted on a prototype that was not designed to generate commercially significant amounts of thrust.” Second, the order finds that Momentus and Mr. Kokorich also misrepresented the extent to which national security concerns involving Mr. Kokorich undermined Momentus’ ability to secure required governmental licenses essential to its operations. In addition, the order finds that SRAC repeated Momentus’ misleading statements in public filings associated with the Business Combination and failed its due diligence obligations to investors. According to the order, while SRAC claimed to have conducted extensive due diligence of Momentus, it never reviewed the results of Momentus’ in-space test or received sufficient documents relevant to assessing the national security risks posed by Mr. Kokorich. The order finds that Mr. Kabot participated in SRAC’s inadequate due diligence and in filing its inaccurate registration statements and proxy solicitations. The SEC’s complaint against Mr. Kokorich includes factual allegations that are consistent with the findings in the order.
Without admitting or denying the SEC’s findings, Momentus, SRAC, Mr. Kabot, and the Sponsor consented to an order requiring them to cease and desist from future violations. Momentus and SRAC agreed to pay $8 million in civil penalties (including $7 million for Momentus and $1 million for SRAC), of which $5.0 million is outstanding and due in the third quarter of 2022. Momentus also agreed to undertakings requiring enhancements to its disclosure controls, including the creation of an independent board committee and retention of an internal compliance consultant for a period of two years. For a detailed description of the facts involved in the Settlement Agreement and discussed in the SEC’s order, including the specific misrepresentations of material fact and misleading omissions found by the SEC, but neither admitted nor denied by Momentus, SRAC, the Sponsor, or Mr. Kabot, about Momentus’s technology and the U.S. government’s national security concerns, see “Legal Proceedings — SEC Settlement.
Putative Class Action Lawsuit
On July 15, 2021, a purported stockholder of SRAC filed a putative class action complaint against SRAC, SRC-NI Holdings, LLC ("Sponsor"), Brian Kabot (SRAC CEO), James Norris (SRAC CFO), Momentus, and the Company's co-founder and former CEO, Mikhail Kokorich, in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, in a case captioned Jensen v. Stable Road Acquisition Corp., et al., No. 2:21-cv-05744 (the "Jensen class action"). The complaint alleges that the defendants omitted certain material information in their public statements and disclosures regarding the Proposed Transaction, in violation of the securities laws, and seeks damages on behalf of a putative class of stockholders who purchased SRAC stock between October 7, 2020 and July 13, 2021.
On July 22, 2021 and August 4, 2021, purported stockholders of SRAC filed putative class action complaints against SRAC, SRC-NI Holdings, LLC, Brian Kabot, James Norris, Momentus, and Mikhail Kokorich in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, in cases captioned Hall v. Stable Road Acquisition Corp., et al., No. 2:21-cv-05943 (the "Hall class action") and Depoy v. Stable Road Acquisition Corp., et al., No. 2:21-cv-06287 (the "Depoy class action"). The allegations in the Hall and Depoy class actions are substantially the same as the allegations in the Jensen class action (collectively, referred to as the "securities class actions") and the purported class period is identical. On October 20, 2021, the securities class actions were consolidated in the first filed matter. Other, similar suits may follow.
On November 12, 2021, Lead Plaintiff Hartmut Haenisch filed an Amended Consolidated Class Action Complaint (the “Amended Complaint”) against SRAC, Sponsor, Brian Kabot, Juan Manuel Quiroga, James Norris, James Hofmockel, Momentus, Mikhail Kokorich, Dawn Harms, and Fred Kennedy. Ms. Harms and Mr. Kennedy, and others, were added as defendants in the Amended Complaint. The Amended Complaint alleges that the defendants made certain material misrepresentations, and omitted certain material information, in their public statements and disclosures regarding the Proposed Transaction, in violation of the securities laws, and seeks damages on behalf of a putative class of stockholders who purchased SRAC stock between October 7, 2020 and July 13, 2021. On February 14, 2022, Momentus filed a motion to dismiss the Amended Complaint. Momentus disputes the allegations in the Amended Complaint and intends to vigorously defend the litigation.
These securities class actions and other such litigation matters may be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and resources, cause the Company to incur significant defense and settlement costs or liability, even if we
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believe the claims asserted against us are without merit. We intend to vigorously defend against all such claims. Because of the potential risks, expenses and uncertainties of litigation, as well as claims for indemnity from various of the parties concerned, we may from time to time, settle disputes, even where we believe that we have meritorious claims or defenses. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable, further compounded by various claims for indemnity which may or may not be fully insured, we cannot assure that the results of these actions, either individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issue Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
On August 13, 2021, the Company's common stock and public warrants began trading on the Nasdaq Global Market (“the Nasdaq”). Our Class A common stock is traded on the Nasdaq under the symbol "MNTS", and public warrants to purchase our common stock subject to possible redemption in accordance withare traded on the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” Common stock subject to mandatory redemption is classified as a liability instrument and is measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemableNasdaq under the symbol "MNTSW".
As of February 1, 2022, there were 111 holders of record of our shares of common stock (including common stock that features redemption rights that are either within the controlstock. The actual number of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrencestockholders of uncertain events not solely within our control) is classified as temporary equity. At all other times, common stock is classified as stockholders’ equity.

Ourgreater than this number of record holders and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners but whose shares of common stock features certain redemption rights that are considered to be outsideheld in street name by banks, brokers and other nominees.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
Plan Category1
(a) Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants, and Rights2
(b) Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights3
(c) Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders4,5
6,820,417 $0.27 9,728,185 
1 - As of our control andDecember 31, 2021, there were no equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders under which equity securities of the Company were authorized for issuance.
2 - This number includes shares subject to occurrenceoutstanding awards granted, of uncertain future events. Accordingly, the common stockwhich 4,056,349 shares are subject to possible redemptionoutstanding options and 2,764,068 shares are subject to outstanding RSUs
3 - The weighted-average exercise price is presented as temporary equity, outsidecalculated based solely on the exercise prices of the stockholders’ equity sectionoutstanding options and does not reflect the shares that will be issued upon the vesting of our balance sheet.

Net loss per common share

We applyoutstanding awards of restricted stock or restricted stock units, which have no exercise price

4 - The Momentus Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan contains an “evergreen” provision pursuant to which the two-class method in calculating earnings per share. Net income per common share, basic and diluted for Class A redeemable common stock is calculated by dividing the interest income earned on the trust account, net of applicable taxes, by the weighted average number of shares of Class A redeemablecommon stock reserved for issuance or transfer pursuant to awards under the plan increases on the first day of each year beginning in 2022 and ending in 2031 equal to the lesser of (A) three percent (3.0%) of the shares of common stock outstanding foron the period. Net income per common share, basiclast day of the immediately preceding fiscal year and diluted for Class A and Class B non-redeemable common stock is calculated by dividing net income less income attributable to Class A redeemable common stock, by the weighted average(B) such smaller number of shares of Class Astock as determined by our Board.
5 - The Momentus Inc. 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan contains an “evergreen” provision pursuant to which the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance or transfer pursuant to awards under the plan increases on the first day of each year beginning in 2022 and Class B non-redeemableending in 2031 equal to the lesser of (A) half a percent (0.5%) of the shares of common stock outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year and (B) 1,595,445 shares.
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Dividend Policy
We have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
There were no issuer purchases of equity securities of the Company during the three months ended December 31, 2021.
Unregistered Equity Securities
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we issued 52,503 shares of common stock as compensation to former employees of Momentus Space, LLC. The issuances of such shares were exempt from registration pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) or the rules and regulations promulgated there under, including Rule 701.

Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data
Not applicable.
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to Momentus.
The following discussion and analysis provide information which our management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our results of operations and financial condition. This discussion and analysis should be read together with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion and analysis should also be read together with our financial information for the period presented.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on our financial statements.

Item 7A.Quantitativeyear ended and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

As of December 31, 2019, we were not subject to any market or interest rate risk. Following the consummation of our initial public offering, the net proceeds of our initial public offering, including amounts in the trust account, have been invested in U.S. government treasury bills, notes or bonds with a maturity of 180 days or less or in certain money market funds that invest solely in US treasuries. Due to the short-term nature of these investments, we believe there will be no associated material exposure to interest rate risk.


Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

This information appears following Item 15 of this report and is included herein by reference.

Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A.Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls are procedures that are designed with the objective of ensuring that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this report, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time period specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls are also designed with the objective of ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management evaluated, with the participation of our current chief executive officer and chief financial officer (our “Certifying Officers”), the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2019, pursuant2021. In addition to Rule 13a-15(b)historical financial information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. As a result of many factors, such as those set forth under the Exchange Act. Based upon“Risk Factors” section above and “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.

Certain figures, such as interest rates and other percentages, included in this section have been rounded for ease of presentation. Percentage figures included in this section have not in all cases been calculated on the basis of such rounded figures but on the basis of such amounts prior to rounding. For this reason, percentage amounts in this section may vary slightly from those obtained by performing the same calculations using the figures in our consolidatedfinancial statements or in the associated text. Certain other amounts that evaluation,appear in this section may similarly not sum due to rounding.
Overview
Momentus plans to offer transportation and infrastructure services to help enable the commercialization of space. Satellite operators are our Certifying Officers concludedprincipal customers and target customers. Services that we plan to provide include “last mile” satellite transportation, payload-hosting, on-orbit satellite refueling, on-orbit inspection, on-orbit satellite maintenance, de-orbiting, debris removal, and other satellite-to-satellite service offerings. We believe our planned service offerings will increase deployment options for satellite operators and lower their operating costs relative to traditional approaches while also minimizing environmental impact given our choice of water as a propellant.
Our transportation service offering will focus on delivering our customers’ satellites to precision orbits of their choosing. To accomplish this, we plan to create a hub-and-spoke transportation network in partnership with leading launch service providers, such as SpaceX. Under this model, our customers’ satellites would “ride share” from Earth to space on a midsized or large rocket. Our OTVs would then provide “last mile” transportation services from the rocket’s drop-off orbit to a custom orbit of the satellite operator’s choosing. We believe our hub-and-spoke model has the potential to expand our customers’ deployment options relative to what they would be able to achieve with ride share launch alone, while reducing their costs relative to what they could achieve with a dedicated small launch vehicle. Over time, we plan to begin introducing additional services beyond “last mile” transportation.
Since our founding in 2017, we have been working to develop, test and enhance our vehicles and supporting technologies, particularly our water plasma propulsion technology, and have signed contracts for approximately $67 million in backlog (potential revenue), as of DecemberJanuary 31, 2019,2022. These agreements contain firm orders as well as options, allowing customers to opt-in to launches on shorter notice without requiring a separate agreement. The breadth of these signed contracts spans across 24 companies. In general, our disclosure controlscustomers have the right to cancel their contracts with the understanding that they will forgo their deposits. If a customer cancels a contract before it is required to pay non-refundable deposits, we may not receive revenue from these orders, except for an initial deposit which is paid at the time the contract is signed. Refer to “Risk Factors —We may not be able to convert our orders in backlog into revenue.”
Our first launch with customers is currently anticipated to occur as early as June 2022, subject to receipt of licenses and proceduresgovernment approvals, and successful completion of our current efforts to get the system ready for flight. Prior planned launches were effective.

We docancelled due to not expectreceiving required licenses and other governmental approvals and other factors, and we can offer no assurances that our disclosure controlsfirst launch will occur in June 2022 or that we will ever receive the required licenses and proceduresother governmental approvals.

Our services are made possible by the space industry’s rapid technological developments over the past two decades, driven predominantly by significant decreases in launch costs, as well as the advent of smaller, lower-cost satellites. This convergence of trends has resulted in substantial growth in the commercial space market, rooted in higher accessibility for companies entering the new space economy that aim to offer communication, earth observation and data collection services, and other satellite services
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We anticipate there could be considerable growth over the coming years in the space transportation segment as companies continue to seek versatile and low-cost ways to deliver single satellites to specific orbits or deploy their satellite constellations. We anticipate that the need for small satellite transportation to LEO will prevent all errorscontinue to drive overall demand growth for space transportation services in the short-term as technology advancements continue to make space more accessible to new market entrants, although new applications beyond LEO are also emerging. We also believe that over the next decade, new space-based businesses may emerge, for example the generation of solar energy in space, space manufacturing or space data processing. The advent of these new business models could substantially increase demand for space transportation and all instancesother space infrastructure services.
Beyond transportation, we anticipate that growth of fraud. Disclosure controlsthe satellite constellations market may drive demand for our Hosted Payload, on-orbit satellite refueling, on-orbit inspection, on-orbit satellite maintenance, de-orbiting, debris removal, and procedures,other satellite-to-satellite service offerings, if we are successful in executing on our business plan, including fully developing and validating our technology in space. Satellite constellations have relatively low lifespans and, in our view, will require maintenance, de-orbiting, and other general servicing with higher frequency.
We expect our expenses to increase substantially in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we continue to advance the development of our vehicles, build corporate infrastructure and enhance our sales and marketing functions.
The technology underlying our anticipated service offerings is still in the process of being developed, and has not been fully tested or validated in space. Our ability to execute on our business plan is dependent on the successful development and commercialization of the technologies described in this annual report. Although we believe our water plasma propulsion technology will be a key differentiator of our product offerings, we have to date only conducted one test of this technology in space. Although we believe our test unit generated plasma in space and validated the theoretical basis of our technology, we have yet to experimentally confirm the unit’s ability to generate thrust in space, which is crucial to our ability to conduct actual spacecraft maneuvers in orbit. Until we can accomplish this, the technology will remain in the experimental stages. Moreover, even if the unit generates thrust, there can be no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectivesit can be operated in a manner that is sufficiently reliable and efficient to permit full commercialization of the disclosure controlstechnology. Our statements and procedures are met. Further, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all disclosure controls and procedures, no evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures can provide absolute assurance that we have detected all our control deficiencies and instances of fraud, if any. The design of disclosure controls and procedures also is based partly on certain assumptionsbeliefs about the likelihoodviability of future events,our technology are primarily based on theoretical analyses and experimentally observed results during ground testing and our single test of this technology in space. Development of space technologies is extremely complex, time consuming, and expensive, and there can be no assurance that any designour predicted theoretical and ground-based results will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

Management’stranslate into operational space vehicles that operate within the parameters we expect, or at all. This Annual Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

Form 10-K describes Momentus’ current business plans for continuing to develop its technology and marketing and commercializing its products, however there can be no assurance that Momentus will be able to successfully develop its technologies and implement them in commercially viable vehicles. Refer to “Risk Factors — A key component of our business model is the delivery of satellites using our vehicles from low earth orbit to other orbits. The technology for this maneuver is still in the development stage...”

Services Overview
When our technology is fully developed and validated in the future, we currently plan to provide the following infrastructure services to the space economy:
Space Transportation. We are designing a space transportation service based on a hub-and-spoke model, which combines ride share launch on a medium or large rocket with last-mile delivery using one of our OTVs. Under this model, our customers will deliver their payload to us a few months prior to launch for integration onto our vehicle. Once we have integrated our customers’ payloads, we will then ship our vehicle, holding the customer payload fixture, to the launch site, where it will be integrated onto the rocket. The rocket will then transport our vehicle to the drop-off orbit. After separation from the rocket, our vehicle will transport our customers’ payloads to their chosen final orbit.
We are designing our water plasma thrusters to enable our vehicle to efficiently transport each customer payload to its respective orbit. We believe our hub-and-spoke model has the potential to expand our customers’ deployment options relative to what they could achieve with ride share launch alone, while reducing their costs relative to what they could achieve with a dedicated small launch vehicle.
Initially, after delivering our customer payloads to their final orbits, our vehicles will de-orbit. However, our plan is to develop the capability for our vehicles to be reusable, such that, upon delivery of the payload, they will be capable of remaining in space to conduct additional missions.
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Hosted Payload. We are designing our transfer vehicles for modularity and ease of integration with customer payloads, and with a full suite of capabilities that our customers will need on orbit. Under our Hosted Payload model, our vehicle, after transporting a customer payload to a specific orbit, would stay connected to the payload for the duration of its mission to provide continuous power, orbit maintenance, orientation, and communications to support telemetry, commanding, and downlinking of payload data. Our objective is to offer a higher degree of modularity which we believe has the potential to significantly increase orbital accessibility and/or lower manufacturing costs for a wide range of satellite operators.
In-Orbit Servicing. We view in-orbit servicing of satellites as a quickly growing business opportunity. As the number of satellites in space increases, so does their need to be serviced. We plan to design Momentus’ future reusable vehicles to be capable of performing in-orbit servicing and are pursuing development activities that support this objective. Although we are still in very preliminary stages for developing this technology, our aim is to equip future vehicles with robotic arms and an ability to maneuver in close proximity to other spacecraft and dock or berth with them. Once fully developed, we believe these capabilities could allow us to offer a suite of different in-orbit services, such as inspection, refueling, life extension, re-positioning, salvage missions, maintenance and repair, and de-orbiting.

Factors Affecting Our Performance
We believe that our performance and future success depend to a substantial extent on our ability to capitalize on the following opportunities, which in turn is subject to significant risks and challenges, including those discussed below and in the section titled “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
In-Space Transport and Service Vehicles and Related Technology Development
Our primary research and development objectives focus on the development of our existing and future in-space transfer and service vehicles and related water plasma propulsion technology.
Vigoride is the first vehicle that Momentus is developing. Once fully developed, tested and validated in space, we expect Vigoride will be sufficient to meet our initial operating plan of offering in-space transportation in LEO to small satellites. Vigoride is intended to transport up to 750 kg of customer payload in LEO, although our payload capacity will likely be lower in most common configurations. We have set the delta-v and host power objectives for Vigoride at 2 km/sec and 1 kW, respectively, which we believe we can achieve a few years into our product roadmap. We have entered into a launch services agreement with SpaceX that secures space for Vigoride on a launch vehicle that SpaceX currently targets operating in June 2022. This report doeswould represent the inaugural launch of a complete Momentus vehicle into space and would allow us to further validate Vigoride’s capabilities. While securing space on the manifest is an important step, our plan to launch in June remains subject to the receipt of licenses and other government approvals, and successful completion of our current efforts to get the system ready for flight.
Beyond our planned June launch, we are planning to fly Vigoride again in the second half of 2022, subject to receipt of licenses and government approvals, and successful completion of our current efforts to get the system ready for flight.
Early Vigoride vehicles will not be reusable, meaning that we will de-orbit them following delivery of their customer payloads. However, around the middle of this decade, we plan to make our vehicles capable of reuse such that, upon delivery of their payloads, they will be able to remain in space to conduct follow-on missions. Establishing reusable vehicles will require significant additional research and technological developments. We believe our choice of water as a propellant will help with the creation of reusable vehicles because water can be stored without special conditions, other than ensuring lines and tanks do not freeze or become obstructed with ice, for an indefinite amount of time and pumped easily. Additionally, water is safe and non-hazardous relative to commonly used propellants such as cryogenic components and hypergolic toxic fuels for chemical propulsion, or highly pressurized noble gases (such as xenon or krypton) for electrical propulsion. We believe that if we are able to achieve reusability, it will allow us to lower manufacturing and launch costs on a per-ride basis and achieve higher margins and returns for our investors while also reducing our environmental impact.
Beyond Vigoride, we envision bringing two progressively larger vehicles to market, which we call Ardoride and Fervoride. These vehicles will be similar to our Vigoride vehicle, but with larger structures, larger solar arrays, and more powerful propulsion systems in order to carry progressively larger payloads progressively further from Earth
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The successful development of our vehicles with water plasma propulsion technology involves uncertainties, including:
timing in finalizing systems design and specifications;
successful completion of test programs and demonstration missions;
whether we will receive and the timing of receipt of licenses and government approvals that will allow us to fly our vehicles in space and gather valuable data that will assist in further development of our vehicles;
meeting stated technological objectives and goals for the design on time, on budget and within target cost objectives;
our ability to obtain additional applicable approvals, licenses or certifications from regulatory agencies and maintaining current approvals, licenses or certifications;
our ability to secure slots on our launch providers’ manifests;
performance of our manufacturing facility despite risks that disrupt productions, such as natural disasters;
performance of our third-party contractors that support our research and development activities;
performance of a limited number of suppliers for certain raw materials and supplied components and their willingness to do business with us;
our ability to protect our intellectual property critical to the design and function of our orbital transfer vehicles;
our ability to continue funding and maintaining our current research and development activities;
the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on us, our customers, suppliers and distributors, and the global economy; and
our ability to comply with the terms of the NSA and any related compliance measures instituted by the Security Director.
A change in the outcome of any of these variables could delay the development of our vehicles which in turn could impact our business and results of operations. Refer to “Risk Factors.
Initial and Successive Launches
Our water plasma propulsion technology (that we are developing) is based on the use of microwave electrothermal or “MET,” thrusters, which we believe could ultimately provide safe, affordable, reliable, and regular in-space services, including Space Transportation, Hosted Payload, and In-Orbit Servicing. To accomplish this, we currently intend to execute on the following strategies:
Launch our commercial program for in-space transportation. We currently plan to fly our Vigoride vehicle on a SpaceX Transporter flight as early as June 2022, subject to receipt of licenses and government approvals, and successful completion of our current efforts to get the system ready for flight.
Launch our commercial program for Hosted Payload. If in the future our vehicles are operationalized for their intended in-space transport uses, we plan to develop a modular approach to satellite systems through our hosted payload model. For missions that require significant power for the payload and/or specific orbits, our objective is for Momentus to be able to provide a unique combination of a low-cost service model, in-orbit flexibility, and high electrical power generation.
Launch our commercial program for In-Orbit Servicing. If we develop reusability for our vehicles as currently contemplated, we believe we will be able to begin offering a suite of different in-orbit services to our clients. Although we have not yet developed these capabilities or the technology that would be required to provide these services, such services may include inspection, refueling, life extension, re-positioning, salvage missions, maintenance and repair, and de-orbiting. As the quantity of satellites sent into space continues to increase, we anticipate growing demand from such services.
The success of our in-space infrastructure services business will depend on our ability to successfully and regularly deliver customer satellites into at custom orbits. Our planned June launch is intended to be a reportdemonstration mission. While we plan to take a few paying customer payloads along, the primary goals of management’s assessmentour inaugural mission are to test
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Vigoride on orbit and learn from any issues that we may encounter. The lessons learned from this initial flight will help inform changes we can make to future missions as we seek to ultimately certify a design for production. Depending on the nature of issues we encounter, our schedule for future launches and other planned activities could be adversely affected. There can be no assurance that we will not experience operational or process failures and other problems during our inaugural mission or on any other mission. Any failures or setbacks, particularly on our inaugural mission, could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.
Customer Demand
Ahead of our first Vigoride launch, we have received significant interest from a range of satellite operators, satellite manufacturers, satellite aggregators, launch service providers, and others. While we have not recognized any revenue from completed commercial launches through December 31, 2021, we had collected approximately $1.6 million in customer deposits related to future launches. While our standard contracts do not contain refunds or recourse provisions that enable our customers to recover any non-refundable deposits that have been paid, we issued refunds totaling $1.4 million to customers in the twelve months ending December 31, 2021 due to cancelled launches for 2021 in order to foster future business relationships and customer goodwill.
Because our technologies have not yet been fully tested, our service offering to our customers on our inaugural mission will be limited. To reflect this, we expect to provide discounts to customers on this mission relative to the price we intend to eventually charge for our transportation services. During our inaugural mission, we plan to demonstrate Vigoride’s ability to deploy satellites at the point at which it is dropped off by the launch vehicle, rather than independently maneuver customer satellites to custom orbits. Once all customer payloads have been released, we plan to perform certain maneuvers and technology demonstrations to validate our technology and establish the potential commercial viability of our strategy. This approach limits risk for us as well as for our customers.
We have signed contracts for approximately $67 million in backlog (potential revenue), as of January 31, 2022. These agreements contain firm orders as well as options, allowing customers to opt-in to launches on shorter notice without requiring a separate agreement. The breadth of these signed contracts spans across 24 companies in 15 countries. In general, our customers have the right to cancel their contracts with the understanding that they will forgo their deposits. If a customer cancels a contract before it is required to pay non-refundable deposits, we may not receive revenue from these orders, except for an initial deposit which is paid at the time the contract is signed. In the year ended December 31, 2021, we recognized $0.3 million of revenue related to customer contracts, cancelled by the customers for convenience, that were not refundable.
In addition, backlog is typically subject to large variations from quarter to quarter and comparisons of backlog from period to period are not necessarily indicative of future revenues. Furthermore, some contracts comprising the backlog are for services scheduled many years in the future, and the economic viability of customers with whom we have contracted is not guaranteed over time. As a result, the contracts comprising our backlog may not result in actual revenue in any particular period, or at all, and the actual revenue from such contracts may differ from our backlog estimates. The timing of receipt of revenues, if any, on projects included in the backlog could change because many factors affect the scheduling of missions and adjustments to contracts may also occur. The failure to realize some portion of our backlog could adversely affect our revenues and gross margins.
COVID-19 Impact
While the COVID-19 pandemic has affected our business and our timeline for our formerly planned launch in April 2020, to date, it has not impacted us in a way that we believe will materially affect our future growth outlook.
We are currently planning for our first commercial launch as early as June 2022, subject to receipt of licenses and government approvals, and successful completion of our current efforts to get the system ready for flight. We do not foresee any delays due to COVID-19. The same applies to launches scheduled for the remainder of 2022 and beyond.
We do not anticipate that the COVID-19 pandemic will materially affect our customer backlog and ability to secure new contracts going forward.
Our non-operations personnel began working from home in March 2020 as we reduced our in-person operations to prioritize the safety of our employees. We have begun to gradually bring essential personnel back to the office, while adhering to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, federal, and state protective standards. Subject to local regulations and the effectiveness of vaccination initiatives, we intend to gradually bring all employees back to the office; until then, we will continue to support working from home. While remote working arrangements have
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affected our manufacturing and development timelines, the overall impact of this arrangement has not materially adversely affected the timeline of future launches.
In May 2020, to strengthen our liquidity position, we received a Paycheck Protection Program loan (“PPP Loan”) in the amount of $1.0 million under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“the CARES Act”); however, in September 2020, we repaid the PPP Loan in full.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business, results of operations and overall financial performance will ultimately depend on future developments, including the duration of the pandemic, possible recurrent outbreaks, the appearance of variants and the effectiveness of vaccines and other mitigation measures against variants, all of which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. See “Risk Factors” for additional discussion of the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business.
Recent Developments
Consummation of Business Combination
On August 12, 2021, the Company consummated a merger pursuant to certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 7, 2020, and as amended on March 5, 2021, April 6, 2021, and June 29, 2021 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Stable Road Acquisition Corp (“SRAC”), Project Marvel First Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of SRAC (“First Merger Sub”), and Project Marvel Second Merger Sub, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of SRAC (“Second Merger Sub”), pursuant to which First Merger Sub merged with and into Momentus Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Legacy Momentus”) with Legacy Momentus as the surviving corporation of the First Merger Sub, and immediately following which Legacy Momentus merged with and into the Second Merger Sub, with the Second Merger Sub as the surviving entity (the “Business Combination”). In connection with the closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), the Company changed its name from Stable Road Acquisition Corp. to Momentus Inc., and Legacy Momentus changed its name to Momentus Space, LLC.
The Business Combination is accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with GAAP. Under this method of accounting, SRAC is treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. We are deemed the accounting predecessor of the combined business, and Momentus Inc., as the parent company of the combined business, is the successor SEC registrant, meaning that our consolidated financial statements for previous periods are disclosed in the registrant’s future periodic reports filed with the SEC.
The Business Combination will have a significant impact on our future reported financial position and results as a consequence of the reverse recapitalization. The most significant changes in Momentus’s future reported financial position and results are an increase in cash of $238.4 million, offset by additional transaction costs for the Business Combination. SeeNote 3 “Reverse Recapitalization” for more information.
As a result of the Business Combination, we became the successor to an SEC-registered and Nasdaq-listed company, which will require us to hire additional personnel and implement procedures and processes to address public company regulatory requirements and customary practices. We have begun to incur additional recurring expenses as a public company for, among other things, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, director fees, and additional internal and external accounting, legal and administrative resources.
Term Loan and Security Agreement
On February 22, 2021, the Company entered into a Term Loan and Security Agreement (the “Term Loan”) which provided the Company with up to $40.0 million in borrowing capacity at an annual interest rate of 12%. $25.0 million of the Term Loan was immediately available for borrowing by the Company at the inception of the agreement, the Company borrowed this amount on March 1, 2021. The remaining $15.0 million of borrowing capacity is no longer available as the Company did not achieve certain milestones needed by the June 30, 2021 deadline. Under the terms of the loan, if certain operating cash ratios are not met, the lender is granted a lien on the Company’s intellectual property while the loan is outstanding. Prior to the Business Combination, the lien was granted and remains in place. The repayment terms of the Term Loan provide for interest-only payments beginning March 1, 2021 through February 28, 2022. The principal amount is due and payable on March 1, 2022, however, as a subsequent event, on January 29, 2022, the Company exercised its option to pay back the Term Loan over 24 months. See Note 15.
In conjunction with the Term Loan, warrants to purchase preferred stock up to 1% of the fully diluted capitalization (including allowance for conversion of all outstanding convertible notes, SAFE notes and such warrants) of the Company were granted to the lender exercisable at the lender’s option. 80% of the 1% of the warrants were earned
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by the lender upon execution of the agreement. The additional 20% of the warrants was forfeited as of June 30, 2021. On August 12, 2021 the lender exercised the warrant; see Note 11 for discussion on the valuation and conversion of the warrants as of December 31, 2021.
In addition, the lender will have certain rights to participate in future private equity offerings (including convertible notes or bridge financings) of Momentus.
SEC Settlement and CFIUS Review
We have incurred significant expenses in connection with the CFIUS review described below and have incurred and expect to incur significant expenses in connection with the implementation of the NSA described below. During 2021 we also incurred significant expenses related to the SEC settlement discussed below. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had incurred legal expenses of approximately $7.5 million related to these matters.

SEC Settlement
On July 13, 2021, the Company agreed to a settlement with the SEC on a “neither admit nor deny” basis, in anticipation of cease-and-desist proceedings relating to certain violations of antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws alleged by the SEC. As a result of the settlement, the Company agreed to a civil penalty of $7.0 million, $2.0 million of which was paid immediately and $5.0 million of which is payable within one year of the settlement order, and outstanding as of December 31, 2021.
CFIUS Review and NSA
In February 2021, Momentus and its co-founder Mikhail Kokorich, with support from Stable Road, submitted a joint notice to CFIUS for review of the historical acquisitions of interests in Momentus by Mr. Kokorich, his wife, and entities that they control in response to concerns of the U.S. Department of Defense (“DoD”) regarding internalMomentus’ foreign ownership and control. On June 8, 2021, the Company entered into a National Security Agreement with Mr. Kokorich, on behalf of himself and Nortrone Finance S.A. (an entity controlled by Mr. Kokorich), Lev Khasis and Olga Khasis, each in their respective individual capacities and on behalf of Brainyspace LLC (an entity controlled by Olga Khasis), and the U.S. government, represented by the U.S. Departments of Defense and the Treasury (the “NSA”). In accordance with the NSA, Mr. Kokorich, Nortrone Finance S.A., Lev Khasis and his wife Olga Khasis, and Brainyspace LLC divested all the equity interests in Momentus owned or beneficially owned by them by selling such equity interests to the Company on June 8, 2021. Pursuant to the NSA, a portion of those divestment proceeds were placed in escrow accounts, and may not be released to the divested investors until after completion of audit by a third party auditor of the investors compliance with the NSA and the lapse of a 15 day period without an objection from the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies. As a subsequent event, the remaining proceeds were released from escrow to the divested investors, see Note 15 in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The NSA also establishes various requirements and restrictions on the Company in order to protect national security, certain of which may materially and adversely affect our operating results due to uncertainty associated with and the cost of compliance with security measures, and limitations on our control over certain U.S. facilities, contracts, personnel, vendor selection and operations.
Co-Founder Divestment
On June 8, 2021, former co-founders and shareholders of the Company, Mikhail Kokorich and Lev Khasis, signed a Stock Repurchase Agreement ("SRA") whereby they agreed to divest their interests in the Company in exchange for a cash payment and other considerations. In accordance with the NSA and pursuant to the SRA, effective as of June 8, 2021, Messrs. Kokorich and Khasis sold 100% of their respective equity interests in the Company. The Company paid the Co-Founders $40.0 million for the equity interest purchased. Pursuant to the NSA, a portion of those divestment proceeds were placed in escrow accounts, and may not be released to the divested investors until after completion of audit by a third party auditor of the investors compliance with the NSA and the lapse of a 15 day period without an objection from the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies. As a subsequent event, the remaining proceeds were released from escrow to the divested investors, see Note 15 in the accompanying consolidated financial reportingstatements.
The payment came from proceeds of the Business Combination and PIPE Investment and therefore reduce the proceeds available to Momentus to fund its operations and capital expenditures going forward.
As part of the SRA, both Kokorich and Khasis agreed to a broad waiver and release of all claims (broadly defined) against the Company. The Company has maintained that this release is effective as to various advancement or an attestation reportindemnification claims either individual may have against the Company. Both Messrs. Kokorich and Khasis have,
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through counsel, disagreed with the Company's position. Absent a negotiated resolution, there is a chance that the parties may litigate the matter. The total cumulative potential exposure for the disputes with both Messrs. Kokorich and Khasis is presently unknown but exceeds $1 million. We express no opinion on the probable outcome of these matters.
See “Risk Factors —We may require substantial additional funding to finance our operations, but adequate additional financing may not be available when we need it, on acceptable terms or at all.”
Components of Results of Operations
Service Revenue
We enter into contracts for ‘last-mile’ satellite and cargo delivery, payload hosting and in-orbit servicing options with customers that are primarily in the aerospace industry. From inception to December 31, 2021, we have not yet completed a commercial launch of customer cargo. However, as of December 31, 2021 we have signed contracts with customers and have collected approximately $1.6 million in customer deposits, which are recorded as non-current contract liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets, and are related to performance obligations not expected to be completed for at least one year.
The Company will recognize revenue (along with any other fees that have been paid) upon the earlier of the satisfaction of our independent registeredperformance obligation or when the customer cancels the contract. While the Company’s standard contracts do not contain refund or recourse provisions that enable its customers to recover any non-refundable fees that have been paid, the Company may issue full or partial refunds to customers on a case-by-case basis as necessary to preserve and foster future business relationships and customer goodwill. As a result of the Company’s inability to complete any launches in 2021 (refer to Note 4 for additional information), the Company issued customer refunds of $1.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue consists primarily of expenses associated with the cost of the orbital transfer vehicle and third-party launch costs. Until the orbital transfer vehicle design is completed and released for production, the cost of these orbital transfer vehicles is being expensed as research and development costs as materials and services are received. The current design and technology allow for a single use of the orbital transfer vehicle.
Research and Development
Research and development expenditures consist primarily of the cost for the following activities for developing existing and future technologies for our vehicles. Research and development activities include basic research, applied research, design, development, and related test program activities. Costs incurred for developing our vehicles primarily include equipment, material, and labor hours (both internal and subcontractors).
As of December 31, 2021, we have expensed all research and development costs associated with developing and building our vehicles. Once we have achieved technological feasibility and released the design for volume production, we will capitalize the costs to construct any additional components for the vehicles. We expect to continue to see an increase in our research and development expenses as we develop our next generation of vehicles.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of human capital related expenses for employees involved in general corporate functions, including executive management and administration, accounting, finance, tax, legal, information technology, security, sales, marketing, and human resources; depreciation expense and rent relating to facilities, and equipment; professional fees; and other general corporate costs. Headcount-related expenses primarily include salaries, bonuses, equity compensation expense and benefits. As we continue to grow as a company, we expect that our selling, general and administrative costs will increase on an absolute dollar basis.
We also have begun to incur additional expenses as a result of operating as a public accounting firmcompany, including expenses necessary to comply with the rules and regulations applicable to companies listed on a national securities exchange and related to compliance and reporting obligations pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC as well as to comply with the NSA.
Interest Income
Interest income consists of interest earned on investment holdings in interest bearing bank accounts.
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Interest Expense
Interest expense includes interest incurred related to our loan payables as well as the amortization of warrant discount and debt issuance costs.
Other Income/Expense
Other income/expense primarily relates to the change in the estimated fair value of our SAFE notes and warrants, and non-recurring fees incurred in conjunction with the SAFE and Term Loan financing, SEC settlement cost, and the Business Combination.
Income Tax Provision
We are subject to income taxes in the United States. Our income tax provision consists of an estimate of federal and state income taxes based on enacted federal and state tax rates, as adjusted for allowable credits, deductions, uncertain tax positions, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and changes in tax laws.
The effective tax rate may vary significantly from period to period and can be influenced by many factors. These factors include, but are not limited to, changes to the statutory rates in the jurisdictions where the Company has operations and changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities. The difference between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily relates to certain nondeductible items, state and local income taxes and a full valuation allowance for deferred tax assets.
Results of Operations
The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented. The period-to-period comparisons of financial results is not necessarily indicative of future results.
Comparison of Financial Results for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
Year ended December 31,
(in thousands)20212020$ Change% Change
Service revenue$330 $365 $(35)(10 %)
(Reversal of) Cost of revenue(135)368 (503)N/A
Gross margin465 (3)468 N/A
Operating expenses:
Research and development expenses51,321 22,718 28,603 126 %
Selling, general and administrative expenses48,905 11,945 36,960 309 %
Operating loss(99,761)(34,666)(65,095)188 %
Other income (expense):
Decrease (increase) in fair value of SAFE notes209,291 (267,290)476,581 Not meaningful
Decrease (increase) in fair value of warrants37,330 (3,177)40,507 Not meaningful
Realized loss on disposal of asset(17)(482)465 -96 %
Interest income(5)-71 %
Interest expense(14,229)(470)(13,759)2927 %
SEC settlement(7,000)— (7,000)N/A
Other income (expense)(4,960)(949)(4,011)423 %
Income (loss) before income taxes120,656 (307,026)427,682 (139 %)
Income tax expense100 %
Net income (loss)$120,654 $(307,027)427,681 (139 %)
Service revenue
The Company recognized $0.3 million and $0.4 million of service revenue in the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, due to cancelled customer contracts, resulting in the forfeiture of the related customer deposits.
(Reversal of) Cost of revenue
The Company recorded $0.4 million of cost of revenue during the year ended December 31, 2020. Half of this amount was for launch costs impaired for cancelled launch at the end of 2020, while the other half was a contingency recorded for free launch slots offered to customer impacted by the cancelled launch. During the year
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ended December 31, 2021, the Company reversed that contingency as a result of signing amendments and terminations which released the Company from the free slot obligations. The reversal of $(0.2) million was recorded as a reduction in cost of revenue, offset by costs incurred related to one of the cancelled contracts during the period.
Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses increased from $22.7 million to $51.3 million. The increase was primarily due to the impairment of prepaid launch deposits of $9.5 million, which was $8.1 million higher than in the prior year due to the FAA application as discussed in Note 4, and increased costs incurred to develop our vehicles (including prototype and research material inputs, research and development subcontractors) and payroll expenses. Headcount related costs increased by $10.6 million (including $2.2 million increase in non-cash stock-based compensation expense), as we increased our full time research and development employees from 68 to 80, as of December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively, to support the ramp up of research and development efforts. The ramp up was also supported by increased subcontractor spending of $4.3 million, increased product and material spending of $3.0 million, as well as increased overhead costs of $2.7 million driven by costs associated with our new facility, which we began leasing on January 1, 2021.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased from $11.9 million to $48.9 million, driven by legal expenses, stock-based compensation, and increased corporate spending. Legal expenses increased by $10.6 million, primarily related to the SEC settlement and CFIUS review discussed above. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company signed an agreement with counsel which reduced the amount due for expenses incurred during the year by $2.6 million, which was recorded as a reduction to legal expenses. Stock-based compensation increased by $13.6 million. These non-cash expenses were driven by equity modifications and newly granted awards, described in Note 11. We incurred higher corporate expenses as we continued to build out our corporate functions in relation to becoming a public company and the anticipated start of commercial operations. Non-stock based compensation headcount related costs increased by $4.3 million as we increased our corporate headcount from 29 to 38 full time employees, as of December 31, 2020 and 2021,respectively. Costs related to non-legal consulting and professional services also increased by $4.8 million driven primarily by security compliance and recruiting expenses.
Decrease (increase) in fair value of SAFE notes
The decrease in the calculated fair value of SAFE notes during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 2020 was primarily due to a transition period established bydecrease in the rulesestimated fair value of the Commission for newly public companies.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

ThereCompany’s stock during the period, which had a larger fair value impact due to additional SAFE funding received of $30.9 million during 2021. All outstanding SAFE notes were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)converted to common stock upon completion of the Exchange Act)Business Combination (see Note 9). Prior to conversion, our SAFE notes were classified as marked-to-market liabilities pursuant to ASC 480 and gains or losses were recorded as other income or expense.

Decrease (increase) in fair value of warrants
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the calculated fair value of the Company’s warrants, which are accounted for as a derivative liability, decreased primarily due to the decrease in the value of the Company’s common stock, which was a key input into the valuation of the liabilities. This decrease in fair value had a significantly larger impact in 2021 than in 2020 due to the addition of the Term Loan warrant and the private warrants assumed in connection with the Business Combination. The Equipment Loan warrant, which was outstanding as of December 31, 2020, as well as the Term Loan warrant, were exercised and converted to equity in connection with the Business Combination (see Note 11).
Interest income
Interest income was immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Interest expense
Interest expense of $14.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 relates to interest incurred the Term Loan entered into in February 2021, and the related debt discount amortization. Interest expense of $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 relates to interest incurred under an equipment financing agreement to fund the acquisition of specific and eligible equipment (the “Equipment Loan”) entered into in March 2020, and interest expense related to debt discount amortization. Refer to Note 10.
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SEC Settlement
SEC settlement expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 relates to a civil penalty of $7.0 million, $2.0 million of which was paid to the SEC immediately and $5.0 million of which is payable within one year of the settlement order, in July 2022.
Other income (expense)
Other expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 was due to $4.8 million of transaction costs allocated to the liability-classified warrant assumed in connection with the Business Combination, and $0.2 million for banking fees related to SAFE financing raised during the most recent fiscal quarter thatperiod. Other expense in the year ended December 31, 2020 was also due to banking fees related to SAFE financing during 2020.
Income tax expense
Income tax expense was immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. We have materially affected, or are reasonably likelyaccumulated net operating losses at the federal and state level as we have not yet started commercial operations. We maintain a substantially full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets. The income tax expenses incurred were primarily related to materially affect,minimum state filing fees in the states where we have operations.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since inception, we have financed our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B.Other Information.

None.


PART III

Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

Directorsoperations primarily by issuing equity and Executive Officers

debt, including the proceeds of the Business Combination and PIPE investment. As of the dateDecember 31, 2021, our principal sources of this report,liquidity were our directorscash and officers are as follows:

NameAgePosition
Brian Kabot41Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer  
James Norris39Chief Financial Officer and Director  
Juan Manuel Quiroga44Chief Investment Officer and Secretary  
Marc Lehmann47Director  
Kellen O’Keefe37Director  
James Hofmockel53Director
Ann Kono44Director

Brian Kabot has served as our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman since inception. Mr. Kabot has over 19 years of principal investing experience and has served as Chief Investment Officer of Stable Road Capital, a single-family office investment vehicle based in Los Angeles, California, since July 2017. In July 2019, Mr. Kabot was named a Strategic Advisor to The Cannabis ETF (NYSE: THCX), a newly-launched cannabis-oriented exchange-traded fund managed by Innovation Shares LLC. Since December 2018, Mr. Kabot has been a director of the Treehouse Real Estate Investment Trust, a private real estate investment trust, where he currently serves as the Chairman of the Investment Committee. Mr. Kabot has also served on the board of directors of Old Pal, LLC, a private cannabis brand company, since June 2018, and on the board of directors of Grenco Science LLC, a private developer of vape pens and portable vaporizers, since July 2019. From May 2016 to July 2017, Mr. Kabot was the Director of Research at Eschaton Opportunities Fund Management LP, a management company for two global value hedge funds. From January 2011 to April 2016, Mr. Kabot served as a partner and Deputy Portfolio Manager of Riverloft Capital Management L.P., or Riverloft Capital, a management company for an event-driven hedge fund. From March 2009 to December 2010, he served as a managing director at Gulf Coast Capital, a single-family office investment vehicle. From August 2006 to January 2009, Mr. Kabot ran the industrials, materials, and energy vertical for Sun Capital Partners’ cross cap structure/activist hedge fund. From February 2005 to July 2006, he served as a senior analyst at Reservoir Capital Group. Mr. Kabot also worked as an associate at Questor Management Company from May 2003 to February 2005, where he focused on acquiring distressed and bankrupt companiescash equivalents in the industrials,amount of $160.0 million, which are primarily invested in money market funds.

Historical Cash Flows
December 31,
(in thousands)20212020
Net cash provided by (used in)
Operating activities$(86,712)$(32,534)
Investing activities(3,090)(1,601)
Financing activities226,829 44,654 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents$137,027 $10,519 
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $86.7 million, driven primarily by headcount costs, research and development activities, and legal expenses related to the SEC settlement and CFIUS review (refer to Note 12), as well as non-recurring costs related to fundraising and licensing delays. Headcount related payroll costs, excluding non-cash stock-based compensation and accruals, were $21.7 million. Research and development activity expenses, including materials, components, and energy sectors. From June 2000 to April 2003, Mr. Kabot servedsubcontractor costs were $19.6 million. Legal expenses, as described inNote 12, were $11.4 million, with an analystadditional $2.0 million paid for the SEC settlement. Office overheads, excluding non-cash depreciation, were $4.5 million and selling, general and administrative professional costs were $7.2 million. The remaining operating costs, including insurance and subscriptions, were $3.5 million. The Company also paid $9.5 million for launch costs which were impaired in the merchant banking partners group at Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette. Mr. Kabot received a Bachelor of Scienceperiod, $4.8 million for issuance costs related to the Business Combination which were allocated to operations, and $2.5 million for interest payments.
Net cash used in Hoteloperating activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $32.5 million, driven primarily by headcount costs, research and Restaurant Administration from Cornell University. Mr. Kabot is well qualified to serve as a director due to his extensive investingdevelopment activities, and advisory experience in the cannabis industry.

James Norris has served as our Chief Financial Officer since inceptionselling, general, and as a director. Mr. Norris has more than 18 years of experience in the investment management industry. Since November 2018, Mr. Norris has served as the Chief Financial Officer of Stable Road Capital, LLC. From October 2017 to September 2018, Mr. Norris served as the Chief Financial Officer of Cycad Management LLC, a single family investment office. From April 2013 to October 2017, Mr. Norris served as the Chief Financial Officeradministrative costs. Headcount related payroll costs, excluding non-cash stock-based compensation and Chief Compliance Officer of Blue Jay Capital Management LLC, a SEC-registered investment management firm focused on equity investments in the healthcare sector. From September 2012 to April 2013, Mr. Norris served as the Controller of Kennedy-Wilson Holdings Inc. (NYSE:KW), a global real estate company. From January 2010 to July 2012, Mr. Norris served as the Controlleraccruals, were $10.1 million. Research and Chief Compliance Officer of Expo Capital Management LLC, a SEC-registered investment management firm. From September 2004 to July 2009, Mr. Norris served as Manager at PriceWaterhouseCoopers in the United Kingdomdevelopment activity expenses, including materials, components, and the United States, specializing in investment management. From September 2001 to August 2004, Mr. Norris served as an accountant at Ainsworth’s Chartered Accountants in the United Kingdom. Mr. Norris received a Bachelor of Arts in Accountingsubcontractor costs were $12.3 million. Office overheads, excluding non-cash depreciation, were $1.2 million, selling, general and Finance from the University of Glamorgan in the United Kingdom. He is a certified public accountantadministrative professional costs were $2.4 million, and is a fellow member of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants. Mr. Norris is well qualified to serve as a director due to his extensive investment management experience.

Juan Manuel Quiroga has served as our Chief Investment Officer since inception. Mr. Quiroga has over 20 years of experience in the financial sector,legal fees were $0.9 million. The remaining operating costs, including 14 years of principal investing experience. Since August 2015, Mr. Quiroga has served as Chief Investment Officer of Nala Investments. From September 2007 to August 2015, Mr. Quiroga served as Senior Vice President of Darby Private Equity. From August 2005 to August 2007, Mr. Quiroga served as a Vice President of Market Intelligence at General Electric Capital Solutions. Prior to that, from 1996 to 1998insurance and from 2000 to 2003, Mr. Quiroga worked for Grupo Financiero Banorte in Mexico City and New York City, where he collaborated on the creation of an asset management and financial derivatives division. Mr. Quiroga currently serves on the board of directors of Acrecent Financial Corporation, Cobiscopr and Good Media Company. Mr. Quiroga received a Bachelor of Arts in Management, Finance and International Business from the Universidad Panamericana in Mexico, a Graduate Diploma in Finance from Universis Pompeu Fabra in Spain and a Master of Business Administration from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.


Marc Lehmann is one of our independent directors. Mr. Lehman has served as the Managing Member of Flamingo Drive Partners, LLC and its predecessor, an investment firm involved in public markets, real estate and start-up investing, since July 2016. Since November 2018, Mr. Lehmann has served as a director of Green Growth Brands Inc. (CSE:GGB; OTCQB:GGBXF), a producer and seller of cannabis and CBD products. Mr. Lehmann served as the General Partner of Riverloft Capital from January 2011 to June 2016. From May 2002 to June 2010, Mr. Lehmann served as a Partner and Director of Research at JANA Partners LLC, a hedge fund. From July 1999 to May 2002, he served as an analyst at Appaloosa Management LP, an opportunistic hedge fund portfolio. He began his career as an analyst at Morgan Stanley (February 1995-September 2005) and Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (February 1994-February 1995). He then served as a lead analyst at SAC Capital, LP from September 1995 to June 1997. Mr. Lehmann received a Bachelor of Science in Finance and International Business from New York University and a Master of Business Administration fromsubscriptions, were $1.6 million. The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Lehmann is well qualified to serve as a director due to his extensive investing and advisory experience in the cannabis industry.

Kellen O’Keefe is one of our independent directors. Since July 2019, Mr. O’Keefe has served as the Chief Strategy Officer of Flower One Holdings Inc. (CSE:FONE; OTCQX:FLOOF), a cannabis cultivation, production, processing and custom packaging company. Since January 2013, he has served as an advisor to MedPOINT Management, Inc., which provides managed care management services to independent physician associations and hospitals. From January 2016 to June 2019, Mr. O’Keefe served as a partner and Senior Vice President of Business Development at MedMen Enterprises, which owns and operates cannabis facilities in the greater Los Angeles area. Between March 2015 and November 2015, he served as Director of Business Development at Engage BDR, an advertising company. From September 2011 to September 2012, Mr. O’Keefe served as the Director of Business Development of Rocket Frog Games LLC, a B2B social casino provider. From May 2008 to September 2011, Mr. O’Keefe was the West Coast Account Director for Voice Media Group, a media and technology company. Mr. O’Keefe is a co-Founder of Learn to Ride, which develops experiences for celebrities and children suffering from chronic and/or life threatening conditions. Mr. O’Keefe received a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration and Management from University of Arizona. Mr. O’Keefe is well qualified to serve as a director due to his extensive business development experience.

James Hofmockel is one of our independent directors. Mr. Hofmockel has over 30 years of experience in the financial sector as an entrepreneur, investor and advisor, including nearly 20 years of principal investing and completion of numerous capital-raising and M&A transactions in the public and private markets. Since July 2007, Mr. Hofmockel has been the managing partner of Hofmockel Investments, LLC, and since September 2018, (312) Investments, LLC, both private investment and financial advisory firms. From September 2000 to June 2009, Mr. Hofmockel served as a Principal in the private equity firm Cardinal Growth, L.P., where he led a number of investments and was a board member of several portfolio companies, and co-founded Diamond Communication Solutions, Inc. From 1998 to 2000, he served as a Vice President at Resource Financial Corporation, an investment banking and merchant banking firm, and Mr. Hofmockel workedCompany also paid $1.0 million in investment banking fees related to SAFE notes issued in 2020, and $0.4 million for interest payments. The remaining cash used in operating activities was $2.6 million invested in net working capital.

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Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $3.1 million and $1.6 million for the financial institutions groupsyears ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, respectively, which primarily consisted of Salomon Brothers (1996–1998)purchases of fixed assets and Bear Stearns (1994–1996). Betweenintangible assets.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $226.8 million for the year ended December 198831, 2021, consisting of proceeds from SAFE notes, borrowing under the Term Loan, and July 1992, Mr. Hofmockelthe Business Combination and PIPE.
Net cash provided by financing activities was a certified public accountant working in KPMG’s financial services group in tax and consulting. Mr. Hofmockel received a Bachelor$44.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily consisting of Science in Accounting from Purdue University and a Master of Business Administrationproceeds from the Universityissuance of Chicago Booth School of Business. Mr. Hofmockel is well qualifiedSAFE notes.
Funding Requirements
We expect our expenses to serve as a director due to his extensive investing and advisory experience.

Ann Kono, is one of our independent directors. Ms. Kono has more than 20 years of experience in the financial services industry.   Ms. Kono is currently the Chief Executive Officer of the Leda Advisory Group, a strategy consulting firm focusing on growth-stage startups that she founded in January 2019.  From April 2007 to December 2018, Ms. Kono was a senior executive and most recently a partner and Chief Information and Risk Officer of Ares Management LLC (NYSE: ARES). Ms. Kono currently serves on the board of directors of Treehouse Real Estate Investment Trust, a private real estate investment trust.  Ms. Kono earned a bachelor’s degree in business administration from Boston University and a master’s degree in business administration from the University of Southern California.  Ms. Kono is well qualified to serve as a director due to her extensive advisory experience.

Number, Classes and Terms of Office of Officers and Directors

Our board of directors consists of six directors and is divided into three classes with only one class of directors being elected in each year and each class (except for those directors appointed prior to our first annual meeting of stockholders) serving a three-year term. In accordance with Nasdaq corporate governance requirements, we are not required to hold an annual meeting until one year after our first fiscal year end following our listing on Nasdaq. The term of office of the Class I directors, consisting of Messrs. O’Keefe and Hofmockel and Ms. Kono, will expire at our first annual meeting of stockholders. The term of office of the Class II of directors, consisting of Messrs. Norris and Lehmann, will expire at the second annual meeting of stockholders. The term of office of the Class III directors, consisting of Mr. Kabot, will expire at the third annual meeting of stockholders.

Our officers are appointed by the board of directors and serve at the discretion of the board of directors, rather than for specific terms of office. Our board of directors is authorized to appoint persons to the offices set forth in our bylaws as it deems appropriate. Our bylaws provide that our officers may consist of a Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, President, Vice Presidents, Secretary, Treasurer, Assistant Secretaries and such other offices as may be determined by the board of directors.

Director Independence

Nasdaq listing standards require that a majority of our board of directors be independent. An “independent director” is defined generally as a person other than an officer or employee of the company or its subsidiaries or any other individual having a relationship which in the opinion of the company’s board of directors, would interfere with the director’s exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. Our board of directors has determined that Messrs. Lehmann, O’Keefe and Hofmockel and Ms. Kono are “independent directors” as defined in the Nasdaq listing standards and applicable Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules. Our independent directors will have regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent directors are present.


Officer and Director Compensation

None of our officers has received any cash compensation for services rendered to us. Commencing on the date of this report, we have agreed to pay an affiliate of our sponsor a total of $10,000 per month for office space, utilities and administrative support. Upon completion of our initial business combination or our liquidation, we will cease paying these monthly fees. Other than as set forth elsewhere in this report, no compensation of any kind, including any finder’s fee, reimbursement, consulting fee or monies in respect of any payment of a loan, will be paid by us to our sponsor, officers, directors or advisors or any affiliate of our sponsor, officers, directors or advisors, prior to, or in connection with any services rendered in order to effectuate, the consummation of our initial business combination (regardless of the type of transaction that it is). However, these individuals will be reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with activities on our behalf such as identifying potential target businesses and performing due diligence on suitable business combinations. Our audit committee will review on a quarterly basis all payments that were made to our sponsor, officers or directors, advisors or our or their affiliates. Any such payments prior to an initial business combination will be made using funds to be held outside the trust account. Other than quarterly audit committee review of such payments, we do not expect to have any additional controls in place governing our reimbursement payments to our directors and executive officers for their out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with identifying and consummating an initial business combination.

After the completion of our initial business combination, directors or members of our management team who remain with us may be paid consulting or management fees from the combined company. All of these fees will be fully disclosed to stockholders, to the extent then known, in the tender offer materials or proxy solicitation materials furnished to our stockholders in connection with a proposed initial business combination. We have not established any limit on the amount of such fees that may be paid by the combined company to our directors or members of management. It is unlikely the amount of such compensation will be known at the time of the proposed initial business combination, because the directors of the post-combination business will be responsible for determining officer and director compensation. Any compensation to be paid to our officers will be determined, or recommended to the board of directors for determination, either by a compensation committee constituted solely by independent directors or by a majority of the independent directors on our board of directors.

We do not intend to take any action to ensure that members of our management team maintain their positions with us after the consummation of our initial business combination, although it is possible that some or all of our officers and directors may negotiate employment or consulting arrangements to remain with us after our initial business combination. The existence or terms of any such employment or consulting arrangements to retain their positions with us may influence our management’s motivation in identifying or selecting a target business but we do not believe that the ability of our management to remain with us after the consummation of our initial business combination will be a determining factor in our decision to proceed with any potential business combination. We are not party to any agreements with our officers and directors that provide for benefits upon termination of employment.

Committees of the Board of Directors

Our board of directors has two standing committees: an audit committee and a compensation committee. Subject to phase-in rules and a limited exception, Nasdaq rules and Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act require that the audit committee of a listed company be comprised solely of independent directors, and Nasdaq rules require that the compensation committee of a listed company be comprised solely of independent directors.

Audit Committee

We have established an audit committee of the board of directors. Messrs. Lehmann, O’Keefe and Hofmockel serve as members of our audit committee, and Mr. Lehmann chairs the audit committee. Under the Nasdaq listing standards and applicable SEC rules, we are required to have at least three members of the audit committee, all of whom must be independent. Each of Messrs. Lehmann, O’Keefe and Hofmockel meet the independent director standard under Nasdaq listing standards and under Rule 10-A-3(b)(1) of the Exchange Act.

Each member of the audit committee is financially literate and our board of directors has determined that Mr. Lehmann qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in applicable SEC rules.

We have adopted an audit committee charter, which details the principal functions of the audit committee, including:

the appointment, compensation, retention, replacement, and oversight of the work of the independent registered public accounting firm engaged by us;

pre-approving all audit and permitted non-audit services to be provided by the independent registered public accounting firm engaged by us, and establishing pre-approval policies and procedures;

setting clear hiring policies for employees or former employees of the independent registered public accounting firm, including but not limited to, as required by applicable laws and regulations;

setting clear policies for audit partner rotation in compliance with applicable laws and regulations;

obtaining and reviewing a report, at least annually, from the independent registered public accounting firm describing (i) the independent registered public accounting firm’s internal quality-control procedures, (ii) any material issues raised by the most recent internal quality-control review, or peer review, of the audit firm, or by any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional authorities within the preceding five years respecting one or more independent audits carried out by the firm and any steps taken to deal with such issues and (iii) all relationships between the independent registered public accounting firm and us to assess the independent registered public accounting firm’s independence;


reviewing and approving any related party transaction required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC prior to us entering into such transaction; and

reviewing with management, the independent registered public accounting firm, and our legal advisors, as appropriate, any legal, regulatory or compliance matters, including any correspondence with regulators or government agencies and any employee complaints or published reports that raise material issues regarding our financial statements or accounting policies and any significant changes in accounting standards or rules promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the SEC or other regulatory authorities.

Compensation Committee

We have established a compensation committee of the board of directors. Messrs. Lehmann, O’Keefe and Hofmockel serve as members of our compensation committee. Under the Nasdaq listing standards and applicable SEC rules, we are required to have at least two members of the compensation committee, all of whom must be independent. Messrs. Lehmann, O’Keefe and Hofmockel are independent and Mr. O’Keefe chairs the compensation committee.

We have adopted a compensation committee charter, which details the principal functions of the compensation committee, including:

reviewing and approving on an annual basis the corporate goals and objectives relevant to our Chief Executive Officer’s compensation, if any is paid by us, evaluating our Chief Executive Officer’s performance in light of such goals and objectives and determining and approving the remuneration (if any) of our Chief Executive Officer based on such evaluation;

reviewing and approving on an annual basis the compensation, if any is paid by us, of all of our other officers;

reviewing on an annual basis our executive compensation policies and plans;

implementing and administering our incentive compensation equity-based remuneration plans;

assisting management in complying with our proxy statement and annual report disclosure requirements;

approving all special perquisites, special cash payments and other special compensation and benefit arrangements for our officers and employees;

if required, producing a report on executive compensation to be included in our annual proxy statement; and

reviewing, evaluating and recommending changes, if appropriate, to the remuneration for directors.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, as indicated above, other than the payment to an affiliate of our sponsor of $10,000 per month, for up to 18 months, for office space, utilities and administrative support and reimbursement of expenses, no compensation of any kind, including finders, consulting or other similar fees, will be paid to any of our existing stockholders, officers, directors or any of their respective affiliates, prior to, or for any services they render in order to effectuate the consummation of an initial business combination. Accordingly, it is likely that prior to the consummation of an initial business combination, the compensation committee will only be responsible for the review and recommendation of any compensation arrangements to be entered into in connection with such initial business combination.

The charter also provides that the compensation committee may, in its sole discretion, retain or obtain the advice of a compensation consultant, legal counsel or other adviser and is directly responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of any such adviser. However, before engaging or receiving advice from a compensation consultant, external legal counsel or any other adviser, the compensation committee will consider the independence of each such adviser, including the factors required by Nasdaq and the SEC.

Director Nominations

We do not have a standing nominating committee though we intend to form a corporate governance and nominating committee as and when required to do so by law or Nasdaq rules. In accordance with Rule 5605 of the Nasdaq rules, a majority of the independent directors may recommend a director nominee for selection by the board of directors. The board of directors believes that the independent directors can satisfactorily carry out the responsibility of properly selecting or approving director nominees without the formation of a standing nominating committee. The directors who will participate in the consideration and recommendation of director nominees are Messrs. Lehmann, O’Keefe and Hofmockel and Ms. Kono. In accordance with Rule 5605 of the Nasdaq rules, all such directors are independent. As there is no standing nominating committee, we do not have a nominating committee charter in place.

The board of directors will also consider director candidates recommended for nomination by our stockholders during such times as they are seeking proposed nominees to stand for election at the next annual meeting of stockholders (or, if applicable, a special meeting of stockholders). Our stockholders that wish to nominate a director for election to our board of directors should follow the procedures set forth in our bylaws.


We have not formally established any specific, minimum qualifications that must be met or skills that are necessary for directors to possess. In general, in identifying and evaluating nominees for director, the board of directors considers educational background, diversity of professional experience, knowledge of our business, integrity, professional reputation, independence, wisdom, and the ability to represent the best interests of our stockholders.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

None of our officers currently serves, or in the past year has served, as a member of the compensation committee of any entity that has one or more officers serving on our board of directors.

Availability of Documents

We have filed a copy of our form of Code of Ethics, our audit committee charter, our nominating committee charter and compensation committee charter as exhibits to the registration statement filedincrease substantially in connection with our initialongoing activities, particularly as we continue to advance the development of our vehicles, expand our manufacturing footprint, and build corporate infrastructure.

Specifically, our operating expenses will increase as we:
pursue further research and development related to developing our next generation vehicles;
enhance and scale our sales and marketing function;
scale up our manufacturing capabilities increasing facility footprint, purchasing additional manufacturing equipment;
scale up our corporate infrastructure, people, processes and systems;
seek regulatory approvals for changes or updates to our vehicles;
hire additional key and supporting personnel, and incentivize/retain workforce with equity compensation
implement measures required under the NSA and seek to comply with the NSA’s requirements;
Implement measure required under the SEC settlement and seek to comply with SEC settlement requirements
maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property portfolio; and
comply with public offering. Youcompany reporting requirements
We expect that our current cash and cash equivalents and our projected gross profit (revenue less cost of revenue), will enable us to fund operating expenses, research and development expenses and capital expenditures over the next 12 months. Additionally, we believe that the payments in the form of non-refundable deposits we receive from our customers prior to launch will provide sufficient funding and liquidity to support costs incurred related to that mission.
We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be inaccurate, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we expect. For example, the research and development, volume production, launch and in orbit operation of our vehicles have unpredictable costs and are subject to significant risks, uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control, that may affect the timing and magnitude of these anticipated expenditures. Refer to related risks and uncertainties in “Risk Factors.”
Although we believe that our current capital is adequate to sustain our operations for a period of time, changing circumstances may cause us to expend capital significantly faster than we currently anticipate, or we may need to spend more money than currently expected because of circumstances beyond our control. We may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to reviewraise it on terms acceptable to us, or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.
63

Commitments and Contingencies
We are a party to operating leases primarily for facilities (e.g., office buildings, warehouses and spaceport) under non-cancellable operating leases which commit us to future lease payments of $10.1 million. These leases expire at various dates through 2028. Refer to Note 7.
We have $25.0 million of principal outstanding and $0.5 million of related future minimum interest payments under the Term Loan as of December 31, 2021. Refer to Note 10. As a subsequent event, on January 29, 2022, the Company exercised its option to pay back the Term Loan over 24 months, which resulted in higher expected future interest payments but did not impact the future minimum interest payments. Refer to Note 15.
We enter into purchase obligations in the normal course of business. These obligations include purchase orders and agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable, legally binding, and have significant terms and minimum purchases stipulated. As of December 31, 2021, the Company’s future unconditional purchase obligations are $21.5 million. Refer to Note 12.
Per the SEC settlement, we are obligated to pay the remaining civil penalty of $5.0 million one year after the settlement, in July 2022. Refer to Note 12.
In addition, we enter into agreements in the normal course of business with vendors for research and development services and outsourced services, which are generally cancellable upon written notice.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not engage in any off-balance sheet activities or have any arrangements or relationships with unconsolidated entities, such as variable interest, special purpose, and structured finance entities.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments as of the balance sheet date that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses and related disclosures. We believe that the estimates, assumptions and judgments involved in the accounting policies described below have the greatest potential impact on our consolidated financial statements and, therefore, we consider these documentsto be our critical accounting policies. Accordingly, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.
Revenue Recognition
We enter into short-term contracts for ‘last-mile’ satellite and cargo delivery, payload hosting and in-orbit servicing options with customers that are primarily in the aerospace industry. From inception to December 31, 2021, we have not completed a commercial launch of customer cargo and as a result, have not recognized revenue related to performance obligations to date. However, as of December 31, 2021 we have signed contracts with customers and have collected approximately $1.6 million in customer deposits, which are recorded as non-current contract liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet and will be recognized as revenue (along with any other fess that have been paid) upon the earlier of the satisfaction of our performance obligation or when the customer cancels the contract.
We account for customer contracts in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which includes the following five-step model:
Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer.
Identification of the performance obligations in the contract.
Determination of the transaction price.
Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.
Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.
Our contracts are cancellable for convenience by accessing our public filingsthe customer and typically do not contain variable consideration. However, the full transaction price is collected in advance of the scheduled launch and all fees that are paid are non-refundable (and are not limited to deposits), regardless if the contract is cancelled by the customer or in the event a
64

performance obligation is not satisfied by us. While the Company’s standard contracts do not contain refund or recourse provisions, the Company may issue full or partial refunds to customers on a case-by-case basis as necessary to preserve and foster future business relationships and customer goodwill. As a result of the Company’s inability to complete any launches in 2021, we issued customer refunds of approximately $1.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Our services are considered a single performance obligation, to transport the customers’ payload to a specified orbit in space. We recognize revenue at a point in time when control is transferred, which is considered to be upon the release of the customers’ payload into its specified orbit. We will calculate the weight distribution of each transfer vehicle at the SEC’s web sitecustomer level, and we will estimate the delivery date for each customer’s payload based on the relative weight of payloads released to determine the point in time to recognize revenue for each payload release.
In periods in which we recognize revenue, we will disclose the amounts of revenue recognized that was included as a contract liability balance at www.sec.gov. In addition, a copythe beginning of the Codereporting period in accordance with ASC 606-10-50-8(b).
Loss Contingencies
We are subject to the possibility of Ethics willvarious loss contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business, including product-related and other litigation. We consider the likelihood of loss or impairment of an asset or the incurrence of a liability, as well as our ability to reasonably estimate the amount of loss in determining loss contingencies. An estimated loss contingency is accrued when it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be provided without charge upon request from us.reasonably estimated. We intendregularly evaluate current information available to disclose any amendmentsus to or waivers of certain provisionsdetermine whether such accruals should be adjusted and whether new accruals are required. Refer toNote 12 of our Code of Ethics in a Currentconsolidated financial statements within this Annual Report on Form 8-K.

Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our executive officers, directors and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of a registered class of our equity securities to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of our common stock and other equity securities. These executive officers, directors, and greater than 10% beneficial owners are required by SEC regulation to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms filed by such reporting persons. Based solely on our review of such forms furnished to us and written representations from certain reporting persons, we believe that all reports applicable to our executive officers, directors and greater than 10% beneficial owners were filed in a timely manner10-K.

Income Taxes
We account for income taxes in accordance with Section 16(a)authoritative guidance, which requires the use of the Exchange Act.

Item 11.Executive Compensation.

Executive Officerasset and Director Compensation

Noneliability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based upon the difference between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of our officers has received any cash compensation for services renderedassets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rate expected to us. We pay an affiliate of our sponsor a total of $10,000 per month for office space, utilities and administrative support. Upon completion of our initial business combination or our liquidation, we will cease paying these monthly fees. No compensation of any kind, including any finder’s fee, reimbursement, consulting fee or monies in respect of any payment of a loan, will be paid by usapply to our sponsor, officers and directors, or any affiliate of our sponsor or officers, prior to, or in connection with any services rendered in order to effectuate, the consummation of our initial business combination (regardless of the type of transaction that it is). However, these individuals are reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with activities on our behalf such as identifying potential target businesses and performing due diligence on suitable business combinations. Any such payments prior to an initial business combination will be made using funds held outside the trust account. Other than audit committee review of such payments, we do not expect to have any additional controls in place governing our reimbursement payments to our directors and executive officers for their out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with identifying and consummating an initial business combination.

After the completion of our initial business combination, directors or members of our management team who remain with us may be paid consulting or management fees from the combined company. All of these fees will be fully disclosed to stockholders, to the extent then known,taxable income in the tender offer materials or proxy solicitation materials furnishedyears in which the differences are expected to our stockholdersbe reversed.

Significant judgment is required in connection withdetermining any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. In assessing the need for a proposed initial business combination. We have not established any limit onvaluation allowance, management considers all available evidence, including past operating results, estimates of future taxable income, and the feasibility of tax planning strategies.
In the event that management changes its determination as to the amount of deferred tax assets that can be realized, we will adjust our valuation allowance with a corresponding impact to the provision for income taxes in the period in which such fees that may be paiddetermination is made.
We are required to evaluate the tax positions taken in the course of preparing its tax returns to determine whether tax positions are “more likely than not” of being sustained by the combined companyapplicable tax authority. Tax benefits of positions not deemed to our directors or members of management. Itmeet the “more likely than not” threshold would be recorded as a tax expense in the current year. The amount recognized is unlikely the amount of such compensation will be known at the time of the proposed initial business combination, because the directors of the post-combination business will be responsible for determining officersubject to estimate and director compensation. Any compensation to be paid to our officers will be determined, or recommended to the board of directors for determination, either by a compensation committee constituted solely by independent directors or by a majority of the independent directors on our board of directors.

We do not intend to take any action to ensure that members of our management team maintain their positions with us after the consummation of our initial business combination, although it is possible that some or all of our officers and directors may negotiate employment or consulting arrangements to remain with us after our initial business combination. The existence or terms of any such employment or consulting arrangements to retain their positions with us may influence our management’s motivation in identifying or selecting a target business but we do not believe that the ability of our management to remain with us after the consummation of our initial business combination will be a determining factor in our decision to proceed with any potential business combination. We are not party to any agreements with our officers and directors that provide for benefits upon termination of employment.         


Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 26, 2020 based on information obtained from the persons named below,judgment with respect to the beneficial ownershiplikely outcome of shareseach uncertain tax position. The amount that is ultimately sustained for an individual uncertain tax position or for all uncertain tax positions in the aggregate could differ from the amount that is initially recognized.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or other standard setting bodies that are adopted by us as of our common stock, by:

● each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding shares of common stock;
each of our executive officers and directors that beneficially owns shares of our common stock; and
all our executive officers and directors as a group.

the specified effective date. Unless otherwise indicated,discussed, we believe that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all sharesimpact of common stock beneficially owned by them.

  Class A Common
Stock
 Class B Common
Stock
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner (1) Number of
Shares
Beneficially
Owned
 % of
Class
 Number of
Shares
Beneficially
Owned
(2)
 % of
Class
SRC-NI Holdings, LLC(1) (2)  495,000   2.8%  4,312,500   100%
Brian Kabot(1)  495,000   2.8%  4,312,500   100%
Juan Manuel Quiroga(1)  495,000   2.8%  4,312,500   100%
Edward K. Freedman(1)  495,000   2.8%  4,312,500   100%
James Norris  —    —    —    —  
Marc Lehmann  —    —    —    —  
Kellen O’Keefe  —    —    —    —  
James Hofmockel  —    —    —    —  
Ann Kono  —    —    —    —  
All executive officers and directors as a group (7 individuals)  495,000   2.8%  4,312,500   100%
HGC Investment Management Inc.(3)  1,487,170   8.4%  —    —  
Polar Asset Management Partners Inc.(4)  1,250,000   7.0%  —    —  
RP Investment Advisors LP(5)  1,200,000   6.7%  —    —  
MMCAP International Inc. SPC(6)  1,150,000   6.7%  —    —  
Kepos Capital LP(7)  1,185,780   6.5%  —    —  
Linden Advisors LP(8)  1,272,540   7.2%  —    —  

(1)SRC-NI Holdings, LLC, our sponsor, is the record holder of the shares reported herein. Each of our officers and directors is, directly or indirectly, a member of our sponsor. The business address of our sponsor is 1345 Abbot Kinney Blvd., Venice, California 90291. Our sponsor’s board of managers is comprised of Edward K. Freedman, Brian Kabot and Juan Manuel Quiroga. Consequently, each of these individuals may be deemed the beneficial owner of the founder shares held by our sponsor and shares voting and dispositive control over such securities. Each of these individuals disclaims beneficial ownership over any securities owned by our sponsor in which he does not have any pecuniary interest.
(2)Interests shown consist solely of founder shares, classified as shares of Class B common stock, as well as placement shares. Founder shares are convertible into shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment.
(3)According to Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 14, 2020 by HGC Investment Management Inc. HGC Investment Management Inc. serves as the investment manager to HGC Arbitrage Fund LP, an Ontario limited partnership (the "Fund"), with respect to the Class A common stock held by HGC Investment Management Inc. on behalf of the Fund. The business address of HGC Investment Management Inc. is 366 Adelaide, Suite 601, Toronto, Ontario M5V 1R9, Canada.
(4)According to Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 13, 2020 by Polar Asset Management Partners Inc. Polar Asset Management Partners Inc. (“PMSMF”) serves as the investment advisor to Polar Multi-Strategy Master Fund and certain managed accounts (together with PMSMF, the "Polar Vehicles"), with respect to the Class A common stock directly held by the Polar Vehicles. The business address of Polar Asset Management Partners Inc. is 401 Bay Street, Suite 1900, PO Box 19, Toronto, Ontario M5H 2Y4, Canada.
(5)According to Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on February 14, 2020 by RP Investment Advisors LP (the “Advisor”), RP Select Opportunities Master Fund Ltd., RP Debt Opportunities Fund Ltd. and RP Alternative Global Bond Fund. The shares of Class A common stock are held by RP Select Opportunities Master Fund Ltd., RP Debt Opportunities Fund Ltd. and RP Alternative Global Bond Fund (the “Funds”), which are managed by the Advisor. The Advisor, in its capacity as the investment manager of the Funds, has the power to vote and the power to direct the disposition of all shares held by the Funds and the Advisor may be deemed to beneficially own such securities. The business address of each of the Advisor, RP Select Opportunities Master Fund Ltd., RP Debt Opportunities Fund Ltd. and RP Alternative Global Bond Fund is 39 Hazelton Avenue, Toronto, Canada, M5R 2E3.


(6)According to Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on February 5, 2020 by MMCAP International Inc. SPC (“MMCAP”) and MM Asset Management Inc. (“MM”). The business address of MMCAP is c/o Mourant Governance Services (Cayman) Limited, 94 Solaris Avenue, Camana Bay, P.O. Box 1348, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands KY1-1008. The business address for MM is 161 Bay Street, TD Canada Trust Tower, Suite 2240, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5J 2S1.
(7)According to Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 4, 2020 by Kepos Capital LP and Mark Carhart (“Mr. Carhart”). Kepos Capital LP (“Kepos”) is the investment adviser to certain funds and accounts (the “Kepos Funds”), with respect to the Class A common stock directly held by the Kepos Funds. Mr. Carhart is the managing member of Kepos Capital GP LLC, the general partner of Kepos, with respect to the shares directly held by the Kepos Funds. The business address for each of Kepos and Mr. Carhart is 11 Times Square, 35th Floor, New York, New York 10036.
(8)According to Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on January 14, 2020 by Linden Capital L.P. (“Linden Capital”), Linden GP LLC (“Linden GP”), Linden Advisors LP (“Linden Advisors”), and Siu Min Wong (“Mr. Wong”).This amount consists of 1,135,028 shares held by Linden Capital and 137,512 shares held by separately managed accounts. As of December 31, 2019, each of Linden GP and Linden Capital may be deemed the beneficial owner of the 1,135,028 shares held by Linden Capital. The business address of LCLP is 31 Victoria Street, Hamilton HM10, Bermuda. The business address for each of Linden Capital, Linden GP, Linden Advisors, and Mr. Wong is 590 Madison Avenue, 15th Floor, New York, NY 10022.As of December 31, 2019, each of Linden Advisors and Mr. Wong may be deemed the beneficial owner of 1,272,540 Shares.

The table above does not include the shares of common stock underlying the private placement warrants held by our sponsor because these securitiesrecently issued standards that are not exercisable within 60 daysyet effective will not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations under adoption.

Please refer to Note 2 in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

Changes in Control

Not applicable.

Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

In June 2019, we issued an aggregate of 4,312,500 founder shares to our sponsor for an aggregate purchase price of $25,000 in cash, or approximately $0.006 per share. The number of founder shares issued was determined basedAnnual Report on the expectation that such founder shares would represent 20% of the outstanding shares upon completion of our initial public offering (excluding the placement units and underlying securities). The founder shares (including the Class A common stock issuable upon exercise thereof) may not, subject to certain limited exceptions, be transferred, assigned or sold by the holder.

Our sponsor and Cantor purchased an aggregate of 545,000 placement units at a price of $10.00 per unit,Form 10-K for a purchase pricedescription of $5,450,000. There will be no redemption rights or liquidating distributions fromrecently adopted accounting pronouncements and recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted, the trust account with respect to the founder shares, placement shares or placement warrants, which will expire worthless if we do not consummate a business combination within the allotted 18 month period.

We pay Stable Road Capital, LLC, an affiliatetiming of their adoptions and our sponsor, a total of $10,000 per month for office space, utilities and administrative support. Upon completion of our initial business combination or our liquidation, we will cease paying these monthly fees.

Other than the foregoing, no compensation of any kind, including any finder’s fee, reimbursement, consulting fee or monies in respect of any payment of a loan, will be paid by us to our sponsor, officers, directors or advisors or any affiliate of our sponsor, officers, directors or advisors prior to, or in connection with any services rendered in order to effectuate, the consummation of an initial business combination (regardless of the type of transaction that it is). However, these individuals will be reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with activities on our behalf such as identifying potential target businesses and performing due diligence on suitable business combinations. Our audit committee will review on a quarterly basis all payments that were made to our sponsor, officers, directors, advisors or our or their affiliates and will determine which expenses and the amount of expenses that will be reimbursed. There is no cap or ceiling on the reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses incurred by such persons in connection with activities on our behalf.

In addition, in order to finance transaction costs in connection with an intended initial business combination, our sponsor or an affiliate of our sponsor or certain of our officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan us funds as may be required. If we complete an initial business combination, we would repay such loaned amounts. In the event that the initial business combination does not close, we may use a portion of the working capital to be held outside the trust account to repay such loaned amounts but no proceeds from our trust account would be used for such repayment. Up to $1,500,000 of such loans may be convertible into units, at a price of $10.00 per unit at the option of the lender, upon consummation of our initial business combination. The units would be identical to the placement units. The terms of such loans by our officers and directors, if any, have not been determined and no written agreements exist with respect to such loans. We do not expect to seek loans from parties other than our sponsor or an affiliate of our sponsor as we do not believe third parties will be willing to loan such funds and provide a waiver against any and all rights to seek access to funds in our trust account.

After our initial business combination, members of our management team who remain with us may be paid consulting, management or other fees from the combined company with any and all amounts being fully disclosed to our stockholders,assessment, to the extent then known,we have made one, of their potential impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
65

We are exposed to a variety of market and other risks, including the effects of changes in the tender offer or proxy solicitation materials,interest rates, and inflation, as applicable, furnished to our stockholders. It is unlikely the amount of such compensation will be known at the time of distribution of such tender offer materials or at the time of a stockholder meeting held to consider our initial business combination,well as applicable, as it will be uprisks to the directorsavailability of funding sources, hazard events, and specific asset risks.
Interest Rate Risk
The market risk inherent in our financial instruments and our financial position represents the post-combination businesspotential loss arising from adverse changes in interest rates. As of December 31, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $160.0 million, which are primarily invested in highly liquid investments purchased with a remaining maturity of three months or less. However, due to determine executivethe short-term maturities and director compensation.


The holders of the founder shares, placement units, and units that may be issued upon conversion of working capital loans (and in each case holders of their component securities, as applicable) will have registration rights to require us to register a sale of anylow-risk profile of our securities held by them. These holders will be entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form registration demands, that we register such securities for sale underinvestments, an immediate 10% change in interest rates would not have a material effect on the Securities Act. In addition, these holders will have “piggy-back” registration rights to include their securities in other registration statements filed by us.

Related Party Policy

Our audit committee must review and approve any related person transaction we propose to enter into. Our audit committee charter details the policies and procedures relating to transactions that may present actual, potential or perceived conflicts of interest and may raise questions as to whether such transactions are consistent with the best interestfair market value of our companycash and cash equivalents.

Foreign Currency Risk
There was no material foreign currency transactions for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Currently, a significant portion of our stockholders. A summarycash receipts and expenses are generated in U.S. dollars.
66

Item 8. Financial Statements and procedures is set forth below.

Any potential related party transaction that is brought to the audit committee’s attention will be analyzed by the audit committee, in consultation with outside counsel or members of management, as appropriate, to determine whether the transaction or relationship does, in fact, constitute a related party transaction. At its meetings, the audit committee will be provided with the details of each new, existing or proposed related party transaction, including the terms of the transaction, the business purpose of the transaction and the benefits to us and to the relevant related party.

In determining whether to approve a related party transaction, the audit committee must consider, among other factors, the following factors to the extent relevant:

Supplementary Data
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
whether the terms of the transaction are fair to us and on the same basis as would apply if the transaction did not involve a related party;
Page
● whether there are business reasons for us to enter into the transaction;
● whether the transaction would impair the independence of an outside director; and
● whether the transaction would present an improper conflict of interest for any director or executive officer.

Any member of the audit committee who has an interest in the transaction under discussion must abstain from any voting regarding the transaction, but may, if so requested by the chairman of the audit committee, participate in some or all of the audit committee’s discussions of the transaction. Upon completion of its review of the transaction, the audit committee may determine to permit or to prohibit the transaction. 

Director Independence

Nasdaq listing standards require that a majority of our board of directors be independent. An “independent director” is defined generally as a person other than an officer or employee of the company or its subsidiaries or any other individual having a relationship which in the opinion of the company’s board of directors, would interfere with the director’s exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. Our board of directors has determined that Messrs. Lehmann, O’Keefe and Hofmockel and Ms. Kono are “independent directors” as defined in the Nasdaq listing standards and applicable SEC rules. Our independent directors have regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent directors are present.

Item 14 .Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

The following is a summary of fees paid or to be paid to WithumSmith+Brown, PC, or Withum, for services rendered.

Audit Fees. During the period from May 28, 2019 (inception) through December 31, 2019, we paid Withum approximately $43,775 for the services Withum performed in connection with our initial public offering.

Audit-Related Fees. During the period from May 28, 2019 (inception) through December 31, 2019, Withum did not render assurance and related services related to the performance of the audit or review of financial statements.

Tax Fees. During the period from May 28, 2019 (inception) through December 31, 2019, Withum did not render services to us for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning.

All Other Fees. During the period from May 28, 2019 (inception) through December 31, 2019, there were no fees billed for products and services provided by Withum other than those set forth above.

Pre-Approval Policy

Our audit committee was formed upon the consummation of our initial public offering. As a result, the audit committee did not pre-approve all of the foregoing services, although any services rendered prior to the formation of our audit committee were approved by our board of directors. Since the formation of our audit committee, and on a going-forward basis, the audit committee has and will pre-approve all auditing services and permitted non-audit services to be performed for us by our auditors, including the fees and terms thereof (subject to the de minimis exceptions for non-audit services described in the Exchange Act which are approved by the audit committee prior to the completion of the audit).

59


PART IV

Item 15.Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.

(a)The following documents are filed as part of this report:

(1)Financial Statements
(2)Financial Statements Schedule

All financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the amounts are immaterial and not required, or the required information is presented in the financial statements and notes thereto in is Item 15 of Part IV below.

(3)Exhibits

We hereby file as part of this report the exhibits listed in the attached Exhibit Index. Copies of such material can be obtained on the SEC website at www.sec.gov.

Item 16.Form 10-K Summary.

Not applicable.

60

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.Description
1.1Underwriting Agreement, dated November 7, 2019, between the Company and Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (1)
3.1Certificate of Incorporation. (2)
3.2Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. (1)
3.3Bylaws. (2)
4.1Warrant Agreement, dated November 7, 2019, between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the Company. (1)
4.2Description of Securities.*
10.1Investment Management Trust Account Agreement, dated November 7, 2019, between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the Company. (1)
10.2Registration Rights Agreement, dated November 7, 2019, between the Company, the Sponsor and Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (1)
10.3Letter Agreement, dated November 7, 2019, by and among the Company, its officers, certain of its directors and the Sponsor. (1)
10.4Administrative Support Agreement, dated November 7, 2019, between the Company and Stable Road Capital, LLC. (1)
10.5Unit Subscription Agreement, dated November 7, 2019, between the Company and Sponsor. (1)
10.7Unit Subscription Agreement, dated November 7, 2019, between the Company and Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (1)
31.1Certification of the Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a).*
31.2Certification of the Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a).*
32.1Certification of the Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. 1350.**
32.2Certification of the Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. 1350.**
101.INSXBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema*
101.CAL  XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase*
101.LAB  XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase*
101.PREXBRL Definition Linkbase Document*
101.DEFXBRL Definition Linkbase Document*

*Filed herewith

**Furnished herewith

(1)Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on November 13, 2019, 2019.
(2)Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form S-1, filed with the Commission on September 27, 2019.

STABLE ROAD ACQUISITION CORP.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F-2
Consolidated Financial Statements:Statements
F-3
F-1
F-4
F-2
F-5
F-3
F-6
F-4
F-7 to F-17
F-5
F-5
F-6
F-14
F-15
F-16
F-16
F-17
F-18
F-18
F-18
F-20
F-25
F-27
F-29
F-29


67


ReportTable of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Contents



REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Stable Road Acquisition Corp.

and Stockholders

Momentus, Inc.
San Jose, California
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheetsheets of Stable Road Acquisition Corp.Momentus Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”)Company) as of December 31, 2019,2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders’stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the period from May 28, 2019 (inception) throughtwo years ended December 31, 2019,2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”)consolidated financial statements).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019,2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the period from May 28, 2019 (inception) throughtwo years ended December 31, 2019,2021 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management.statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's consolidated financial statements based on our audit.statements. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our auditaudits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our auditaudits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity'sCompany's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our auditaudits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit providesaudits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ WithumSmith+Brown, PC

We have served as the Company’sCompany's auditor since 2019.

New York, New York


/s/ ArmaninoLLP
San Jose, California
March 26, 2020

F-2

8, 2022

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Table of ContentsSTABLE ROAD ACQUISITION CORP.



MOMENTUS INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

DECEMBER 31, 2019

ASSETS  
Current assets    
Cash $1,093,184 
Prepaid expenses  268,616 
Total Current Assets  1,361,800 
     
Cash and marketable securities held in Trust Account  172,846,011 
Total Assets $174,207,811 
     
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY    
Current liabilities    
Accrued expenses $147,742 
Income taxes payable  47,567 
Total Current Liabilities  195,309 
     
Deferred underwriting fee payable  6,900,000 
Total Liabilities  7,095,309 
     
Commitments    
     
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption, 16,211,250 shares at $10.00 per share redemption value  162,112,500 
     
Stockholders’ Equity    
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding   
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 1,583,750 issued and outstanding (excluding 16,211,250 shares subject to possible redemption)  158 
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 4,312,500 shares issued and outstanding  431 
Additional paid-in capital  4,937,054 
Retained earnings  62,359 
Total Stockholders’ Equity  5,000,002 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity $174,207,811 

SHEETS

(in thousands)
December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$160,036 $23,005 
Restricted cash, current197 100 
Prepaids and other current assets9,431 4,508 
Total current assets169,664 27,613 
Property, machinery and equipment, net4,829 2,321 
Intangible assets, net349 305 
Operating right-of-use assets7,604 316 
Deferred offering costs— 2,610 
Restricted cash, non-current314 415 
Other non-current assets3,065 2,740 
Total assets$185,825 $36,320 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities
Accounts payable$1,911 $1,863 
Accrued expenses9,785 3,064 
Loan payable, current20,907 — 
Contract liabilities, current— 1,914 
Operating lease liabilities, current1,189 254 
Other current liabilities5,075 220 
Total current liabilities38,867 7,314 
Contract liabilities, non-current1,554 711 
Warrant liability5,749 3,206 
SAFE notes— 314,440 
Operating lease liabilities, non-current7,284 72 
Other non-current liabilities483 49 
Total non-current liabilities15,070 318,478 
Total liabilities53,937 325,792 
Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
Common stock, $0.00001 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized and 81,211,781 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021; 142,804,498 shares authorized and 62,510,690 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020
Additional paid-in capital340,570 39,866 
Accumulated deficit(208,683)(329,338)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)131,888 (289,472)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$185,825 $36,320 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of thethese consolidated financial statements.

F-3

statements

F-1


Table of ContentsSTABLE ROAD ACQUISITION CORP.

STATEMENT



MOMENTUS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE PERIOD FROM MAY 28, 2019 (INCEPTION) THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 2019

General and administrative expenses $236,085 
Loss from operations  (236,085)
     
Other income:    
Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account  346,011 
     
Income before provision for income taxes  109,926 
Provision for income taxes  (47,567)
Net income $62,359 
     
Weighted average shares outstanding of Class A redeemable common stock  17,250,000 
Basic and diluted income per share, Class A $0.01 
     
Weighted average shares outstanding of Class A and Class B non-redeemable common stock  4,456,075 
Basic and diluted net loss per share, Class A and Class B $(0.03)

(in thousands, except per share data)
Year ended December 31,
20212020
Service revenue$330 $365 
(Reversal of) Cost of revenue(135)368 
Gross margin465 (3)
Operating expenses:
Research and development expenses51,321 22,718 
Selling, general and administrative expenses48,905 11,945 
Total operating expenses100,226 34,663 
Loss from operations(99,761)(34,666)
Other income (expense):
Decrease (increase) in fair value of SAFE notes209,291 (267,290)
Decrease (increase) in fair value of warrants37,330 (3,177)
Realized loss on disposal of asset(17)(482)
Interest income
Interest expense(14,229)(470)
SEC settlement(7,000)— 
Other income (expense)(4,960)(949)
Total other income (expense)220,417 (272,361)
Income (loss) before income taxes120,656 (307,026)
Income tax provision
Net income ( loss)$120,654 $(307,027)
Net income ( loss) per share, basic$1.85 $(4.90)
Net income ( loss) per share, fully diluted$1.70 $(4.90)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic65,177,873 62,643,121 
Weighted average shares outstanding, fully diluted70,918,777 62,643,121 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of thethese consolidated financial statements.

statements

F-2


Table of ContentsSTABLE ROAD ACQUISITION CORP.

STATEMENT



MOMENTUS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE PERIOD FROM MAY 28, 2019 (INCEPTION) THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 2019

  Class A
Common Stock
 Class B
Common Stock
 Additional
Paid in
 Retained Total
Stockholders’
  Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Earnings Equity
Balance – May 28, 2019 (inception)    $     $  $  $  $ 
                             
Issuance of Class B common stock to Sponsor        4,312,500   431   24,569      25,000 
                             
Sale of 17,250,000 Units, net of underwriting discount and offering costs  17,250,000   1,725         161,573,418      161,575,143 
                             
Sale of 545,000 Placement Units  545,000   54         5,449,946      5,450,000 
                             
Common stock subject to possible redemption  (16,211,250)  (1,621)        (162,110,879)     (162,112,500)
                             
Net income              —     62,359   62,359 
                             
Balance – December 31, 2019  1,583,750  $158   4,312,500  $431  $4,937,054  $62,359  $5,000,002 

(DEFICIT)

(in thousands, except share data)

Preferred stockFF Preferred stockCommon stock –
Class A
Common stock –
Class B
Treasury StockCommon stock –
Class A
Additional paid in capitalAccumulated deficitTotal stockholders’ equity (deficit)
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance, December 31, 2019144,875,941 — 20,000,000 — 15,493,658 — 80,000,000 — — — — $— $37,004 $(22,307)$14,697 
Retroactive application of recapitalization(144,875,941)— (20,000,000)— (15,493,658)— (80,000,000)— — — 64,244,007 — $— $— 
Balance, December 31, 2019, as adjusted— $— — $— — $— — $— — $— 64,244,007 $$37,004 $(22,307)$14,697 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options— — — — — — — — — — 734,099 — 91 — 91 
Stock-based compensation – Stock options and RSAs— — — — — — — — — — — — 2,771 — 2,771 
Stock contribution from co-founder— — — — — — — — — — (2,467,416)— — — — 
ASC 842 lease accounting adoption— — — — — — — — — — — — — (4)(4)
Net loss— — — — — — — — — — — — — (307,027)(307,027)
Balance, December 31, 2020— $— — $— — $— — $— — $— 62,510,690 $$39,866 $(329,338)$(289,472)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options— — — — — — — — — — 1,510,467 — 336 — 336 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of RSUs— — — — — — — — — — 433,188 — — — — 
Stock-based compensation - Stock options, RSAs, RSUs— — — — — — — — — — — — 18,382 — 18,382 
Share repurchase related to Section 16 Officer tax coverage exchange— — — — — — — — — — (35,185)— (151)— (151)
Share repurchase— — — — — — — — — — (25,601,730)— (40,000)— (40,000)
Shares issued upon exercise and conversion of Warrant— — — — — — — — — — 638,125 — 6,999 — 6,999 
Shares issued upon conversion of SAFE Notes— — — — — — — — — — 12,403,469 — 136,001 — 136,001 
Issuance of common stock and warrants, in connection with PIPE— — — — — — — — — — 11,000,000 — 75,114 — 75,114 
Issuance of common stock and warrants, net of issuance costs, upon Business Combination— — — — — — — — — — 18,352,757 — 104,022 — 104,022 
Net income— — — — — — — — — — — — — 120,654 120,654 
Balance, December 31, 2021$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 81,211,781 $$340,570 $(208,683)$131,888 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of thethese consolidated financial statements.

statements

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Table of ContentsSTABLE ROAD ACQUISITION CORP.

STATEMENT


MOMENTUS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE PERIOD FROM MAY 28, 2019 (INCEPTION) THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 2019

Cash Flows from Operating Activities:  
Net income $62,359 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:    
Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account  (346,011)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:    
Prepaid expenses  (268,616)
Accrued expenses  147,742 
Income taxes payable  47,567 
Net cash used in operating activities  (356,959)
     
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:    
Investment of cash into Trust Account  (172,500,000)
Net cash used in investing activities  (172,500,000)
     
Cash Flows from Financing Activities    
Proceeds from sale of Units, net of underwriting discounts paid  169,050,000 
Proceeds from sale of Placement Units  5,450,000 
Repayment of promissory note – related party  (222,725)
Payment of offering costs  (327,132)
Net cash provided by financing activities  173,950,143 
     
Net Change in Cash  1,093,184 
Cash – Beginning of period   
Cash – End of period $1,093,184 
     
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing activities:    
Initial classification of common stock subject to possible redemption $162,038,390 
Change in value of common stock subject to possible redemption $74,110 
Deferred underwriting fee payable $6,900,000 
Payment of offering costs through promissory note $222,725 
Offering costs paid directly by Sponsor from proceeds from issuance of Class B common stock $25,000 

Year ended December 31,
20212020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)$120,654 $(307,027)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization1,092 590 
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs11,729 116 
(Decrease) increase in fair value of warrants(37,330)3,177 
(Decrease) increase in fair value of SAFE notes(209,291)267,290 
Impairment of prepaid launch costs9,450 1,500 
Loss on disposal of fixed and intangible assets17 482 
Stock-based compensation expense18,452 2,771 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaids and other current assets(14,373)(3,616)
Other non-current assets(325)(760)
Accounts payable1,562 (997)
Accrued expenses7,042 1,813 
Other current liabilities4,810 211 
Contract liabilities(1,071)1,916 
Lease liabilities and right-of-use assets859 — 
Other non-current liabilities11 — 
Net cash used in operating activities(86,712)(32,534)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property, machinery and equipment(2,972)(1,502)
Purchases of intangible assets(118)(99)
Net cash used in investing activities(3,090)(1,601)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of SAFE notes30,853 44,650 
Proceeds from issuance of loan payable25,000 2,458 
Proceeds from exercise of stock options336 91 
Payment for repurchase of Section 16 Officer common shares for tax coverage exchange(151)— 
Payment of notes payable(1,500)(2,507)
Payment of debt issuance costs(144)(37)
Payment of warrant issuance costs(31)(1)
Payment for repurchase of common shares(40,000)— 
Proceeds from issuance of common shares in PIPE110,000 — 
Payments of issuances costs related to PIPE(4,416)— 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon Business Combination128,167 — 
Payments for issuance costs related to Business Combination(21,285)— 
Net cash provided by financing activities226,829 44,654 
Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash137,027 10,519 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period23,520 13,002 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$160,547 $23,520 
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities
Fair value of common stock issued upon conversion of SAFE notes$136,001 $— 
Fair value of common stock issued upon conversion of warrants$6,999 $— 
Reclassification of deferred offering costs to APIC$2,610 $— 
Deferred offering costs in accounts payable and accrued expenses at period end$— $506 
Fair value of warrants assumed upon Business Combination$31,225 $— 
Operating lease right-of-use assets in exchange for lease obligations$8,501 $— 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for income taxes$$
Cash paid for interest$2,500 $353 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
F-4

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. Nature of Operations
The Company
Momentus Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries “Momentus” or the financial statements.

“Company”) is a U.S. commercial space company that plans to offer in-space infrastructure services, including in-space transportation, hosted payloads and in-orbit services. Momentus believes it can make new ways of operating in space possible with its planned in-space transfer and service vehicles that will be powered by an innovative water plasma-based propulsion system that is under development. The Company anticipates flying its Vigoride vehicle to Low Earth Orbit on a third-party launch provider as early as June 2022,
subject to receipt of licenses and government approvals, and successful completion of our current efforts to get the system ready for flight.

Background and Business Combination

NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS

On August 12, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), the Company consummated a merger pursuant to a certain agreement and plan of merger, dated October 7, 2020, and as amended on March 5, 2021, April 6, 2021, and June 29, 2021 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Stable Road Acquisition Corp. (the “Company”Corp (“SRAC”) was incorporated in, Project Marvel First Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware on May 28, 2019. The Company was formed for the purposecorporation and a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses (the “Business Combination”SRAC (“First Merger Sub”).

Although the Company is not limited to a particular industry or sector for purposes of consummating a Business Combination, the Company intends is focusing its search on companies in the cannabis industry. The Company is an early stage, and emerging growth company and, as such, the Company is subject to all of the risks associated with early stage and emerging growth companies.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had not commenced any operations. All activity for the period from May 28, 2019 (inception) through December 31, 2019 relates to the Company’s formation, the initial public offering (“Initial Public Offering”), which is described below, and identifying a target company for a Business Combination. The Company will not generate any operating revenues until after the completion of its initial Business Combination, at the earliest. The Company generates non-operating income in the form of interest income from the proceeds derived from the Initial Public Offering.

The registration statement for the Company’s Initial Public Offering was declared effective on November 7, 2019. On November 13, 2019, the Company consummated the Initial Public Offering of 17,250,000 units (the “Units” and, with respect to the shares common stock included in the Units sold, the “Public Shares”), which includes the full exercise by the underwriter of the over-allotment option to purchase an additional 2,250,000 Units, at $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $172,500,000, which is described in Note 3.

Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company consummated the sale of 545,000 units (the “Placement Units”) at a price of $10.00 per Placement Unit in a private placement to SRC-NI Holdings,Project Marvel Second Merger Sub, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Sponsor”and a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of SRAC (“Second Merger Sub”), pursuant to which First Merger Sub merged with and Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.into Momentus Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Cantor”Legacy Momentus”), with Legacy Momentus as the underwritersurviving corporation of the Initial Public Offering, generating gross proceeds of $5,450,000,First Merger Sub, and immediately following which is described in Note 4.

Transaction costs amounted to $10,924,857, consisting of $3,450,000 of underwriting fees, $6,900,000 of deferred underwriting feesLegacy Momentus merged with and $574,857 of other offering costs.into the Second Merger Sub, with the Second Merger Sub as the surviving entity (the “Business Combination”). In addition, as of December 31, 2019, cash of $1,093,184 was held outside of the Trust Account (as defined below) and is available for working capital purposes.

Followingconnection with the closing of the Initial Public Offering on November 13, 2019, an amount of $172,500,000 ($10.00 per Unit) from the net proceeds of the sale of the Units in the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Placement Units was placed in a trust account (“Trust Account”) and invested only in U.S. government securities, within the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act, with a maturity of 180 days or less or in any open-ended investment company that holds itself out as a money market fund selected by the Company meeting the conditions of Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), as determined by the Company, until the earlier of: (i) the completion of a Business Combination and (ii) the distribution of the Trust Account, as described below.

The Company’s management has broad discretion with respect to the specific application of the net proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Placement Units, although substantially all of the net proceeds are intended to be applied generally toward consummating a Business Combination. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to complete a Business Combination successfully. The Company must complete one or more initial Business Combinations having an aggregate fair market value of at least 80% of the assets held in the Trust Account (excluding the deferred underwriting commissions and taxes payable on interest earned on the Trust Account) at the time of the agreement to enter into the initial Business Combination. The Company will only complete a Business Combination if the post-transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires a controlling interest in the target sufficient for it not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.


The Company will provide holders of the outstanding Public Shares (the “Public Stockholders”) with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Public Shares upon the completion of a Business Combination either (i) in connection with a stockholder meeting called to approve the Business Combination or (ii) by means of a tender offer. The decision as to whether the Company will seek stockholder approval of a Business Combination or conduct a tender offer will be made by the Company, solely in its discretion. The Public Stockholders will be entitled to redeem their Public Shares for a pro rata portion of the amount then in the Trust Account ($10.00 per Public Share, plus any pro rata interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to the Company to pay its tax obligations, less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses). The per-share amount to be distributed to Public Stockholders who redeem their Public Shares will not be reduced by the deferred underwriting commissions the Company will pay to the underwriter (as discussed in Note 6). There will be no redemption rights upon the completion of a Business Combination with respect to the Company’s warrants.

The Company will proceed with a Business Combination if the Company has net tangible assets of at least $5,000,001 either immediately prior to or upon such consummation of a Business Combination and, if the Company seeks stockholder approval, a majority of the shares voted are voted in favor of the Business Combination. If a stockholder vote is not required by law and the Company does not decide to hold a stockholder vote for business or other legal reasons, the Company will, pursuant to its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation”), conduct the redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and file tender offer documents with the SEC prior to completing a Business Combination. If, however, stockholder approval of the transaction is required by law, or the Company decides to obtain stockholder approval for business or legal reasons, the Company will offer to redeem shares in conjunction with a proxy solicitation pursuant to the proxy rules and not pursuant to the tender offer rules. If the Company seeks stockholder approval in connection with a Business Combination, the Company’s Sponsor has agreed to vote its Founder Shares (as defined in Note 5), Placement Shares (as defined in Note 4) and any Public Shares purchased during or after the Initial Public Offering in favor of approving a Business Combination. Additionally, each Public Stockholder may elect to redeem their Public Shares irrespective of whether they vote for or against the proposed transaction.

If the Company seeks stockholder approval of a Business Combination and it does not conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules, the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that a Public Stockholder, together with any affiliate of such stockholder or any other person with whom such stockholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), will be restricted from redeeming its shares with respect to more than an aggregate of 15% or more of the Public Shares, without the prior consent of the Company.

The Sponsor has agreed (a) to waive its redemption rights with respect to its Founder Shares, Placement Shares and Public Shares held by it in connection with the completion of a Business Combination and (b) not to propose an amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (i) that would affect the substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to redeem 100% of its Public Shares if the Company does not complete a Business Combination or (ii) with respect to any other provision relating to stockholders’ rights or pre-business combination activity, unless the Company provides the Public Stockholders with the opportunity to redeem their Public Shares in conjunction with any such amendment.

The Company will have until May 13, 2021 to complete a Business Combination (the “Combination Period”“Closing”). However, if, the Company is unablechanged its name from Stable Road Acquisition Corp. to complete aMomentus Inc., and Legacy Momentus changed its name to Momentus Space, LLC.

The Business Combination within the Combination Period, it will (i) cease all operations exceptwas accounted for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the Public Shares, at a per-share price, payablereverse recapitalization under ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations ("ASC 805") in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to the Company to pay its tax obligations (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding Public Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish Public Stockholders’ rights as stockholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), subject to applicable law, and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of the Company’s remaining stockholders and the Company’s board of directors, dissolve and liquidate, subject in each case to the Company’s obligations under Delaware law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. There will be no redemption rights or liquidating distributions with respect to the Company’s warrants, which will expire worthless if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period.


The Sponsor has agreed to waive its liquidation rights with respect to the Founder Shares and (along with Cantor) Placement Shares if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period. However, if the Sponsor acquires Public Shares after the Initial Public Offering, such Public Shares will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period. The underwriter has agreed to waive its rights to its deferred underwriting commission (see Note 6) held in the Trust Account in the event the Company does not complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period and, in such event, such amounts will be included with the other funds held in the Trust Account that will be available to fund the redemption of the Public Shares. In the event of such distribution, it is possible that the per share value of the assets remaining available for distribution will be less than the Initial Public Offering price per Unit ($10.00).

In order to protect the amounts held in the Trust Account, the Sponsor has agreed to be liable to the Company if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to the Company, or a prospective target business with which the Company has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or similar agreement or business combination agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below the lesser of (i) $10.00 per Public Share and (ii) the actual amount per Public Share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $10.00 per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets less taxes payable. This liability will not apply with respect to any claims by a third party or prospective target business who executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the Trust Account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable) or to any claims under the Company’s indemnity of the underwriter of the Initial Public Offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The Company will seek to reduce the possibility that the Sponsor will have to indemnify the Trust Account due to claims of creditors by endeavoring to have all vendors, service providers, prospective target businesses or other entities with which the Company does business, execute agreements with the Company waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to monies held in the Trust Account. The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and the underwriter of the Initial Public Offering will not execute agreements with the Company waiving such claims to the monies held in the Trust Account.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation

The accompanying financial statements are presented in conformityaccordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Under this method of accounting, SRAC, who was the legal acquirer, is treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes and pursuant toLegacy Momentus is treated as the rulesaccounting acquirer. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Business Combination is treated as the equivalent of a capital transaction in which Legacy Momentus issued stock for the net assets of SRAC, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded, and regulationsLegacy Momentus’ financial statements became those of the SEC.

Emerging growth company

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”),Company. Reported shares and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicableearnings per share available to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparisonholders of the Company’s common stock, prior to the Business Combination, have been retroactively restated as shares reflecting the exchange ratio established in the Business Combination. See Note 3 for more information.

Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, at the Closing, each share of SRAC’s Class B Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class B Common Stock”), converted into 1 share of SRAC’s Class A Common Stock. After the Closing and following the effectiveness of the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, each share of Class A Common Stock was automatically reclassified, redesignated and changed into 1 validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable share of the Company’s Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the “Common Stock”), without any further action by the Company or any stockholder thereof.
Prior to the Business Combination, SRAC’s units, public shares, and public warrants were listed on the Nasdaq under the symbols “SRACU,” “SRAC,” and “SRACW,” respectively. On August 13, 2021, the Company's Class A common stock and public warrants began trading on the Nasdaq, under the symbols “MNTS” and “MNTSW,” respectively.
On October 7, 2020 and July 15, 2021, SRAC entered into subscription agreements with certain investors (the “PIPE Investors”) to which such investors collectively subscribed for an aggregate of 11,000,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at $10.00 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $110.0 million (the “PIPE Investment”). The PIPE Investors were also granted an equal number of private warrants to purchase the Company’s Class A common stock at $11.50 per share. The warrants were recorded as a derivative liability under ASC 815, Derivatives
F-5

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
and Hedging and the warrant liability was initially valued at $30.5 million. See Note 11 for more information. The PIPE Investment was consummated concurrently with the closing of the Business Combination.
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with another public companythe Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”)’s “Accounting Standard Codification™” (the “Codification”) which is neither an emerging growththe source of authoritative accounting principles recognized by the FASB to be applied by nongovernmental entities in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States.
The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under this method of accounting, SRAC is treated as the acquired company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of usingand Momentus Inc. is treated as the extended transition period difficult or impossible becauseacquirer for financial statement reporting purposes (the “Combined Company”). Momentus Inc. was determined to be the accounting acquirer as Momentus Inc.'s stockholders prior to the Business Combination had the greatest voting interest in the combined entity, Momentus Inc. comprises all of the potential differencesongoing operations, and Momentus Inc.'s senior management directs operations of the combined entity.
Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the consolidated financial statements of the Combined Company represent a continuation of the financial statements of Momentus with the acquisition being treated as the equivalent of Momentus issuing stock for the net assets of SRAC, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of SRAC are recorded at fair value, which is equal to historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded.
One-time direct and incremental transaction costs incurred by the Company were recorded based on the activities to which the costs relate and the structure of the transaction; cost allocated to the issuance of equity were recorded as a reduction of the amount of equity raised, presented in accounting standards used.

additional paid in capital, while all costs allocated to the liability classified warrants were charged to expense.

In connection with the Business Combination, outstanding shares of Momentus were converted into common stock of the Company, par value $0.00001 per share, representing a recapitalization. Momentus is deemed to be the predecessor of the Company, and the consolidated assets and liabilities and results of operations prior to the Closing Date are those of Momentus. The shares and corresponding capital amounts and net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders, prior to the Business Combination, have been retroactively restated as shares reflecting the exchange ratio established in the Business Combination Agreement.

Reclassifications
During the fourth quarter of 2021, we modified the presentation of cash flows related to the Business Combination. The presented impact of the issuance costs allocated to expense (described in Note 3), was moved into the issuance costs line. Additionally the presentation of capitalized issuance costs which were paid during the two quarters prior to the Business Combination was updated to present those expenditures within cash flows from financing activities, rather than cash flows from operations.
Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year’s financial statements to conform to the current year’s presentation. None of the reclassifications have changed the total assets, liabilities, stockholders’ deficit, income, expenses or net losses previously reported.
Principles of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of all the subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Use of estimates

Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date ofin the financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other factors it believes to be reasonable under the
F-6

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

circumstances, the reported amountsresults of revenueswhich form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and expenses during the reporting period.

Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future events.liabilities. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Common stock subject Significant estimates inherent in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, possible redemption 

accounting for useful lives of property, machinery and equipment, net, intangible assets, net, accrued liabilities, income taxes including deferred tax assets and liabilities, impairment valuation, stock-based awards, SAFE notes and warrant liabilities.

Emerging Growth Company Status
Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can choose not to take advantage of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, and any such election to not take advantage of the extended transition period is irrevocable. The Company accountsis an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and has elected to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period for its common stock subjectnew or revised financial accounting standards. The Company will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which the market value of Common Stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the end of that year’s second fiscal quarter, (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which the Company has total annual gross revenue of $1.07 billion or more during such fiscal year (as indexed for inflation), (iii) the date on which the Company has issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in the prior three-year period or (iv) December 31, 2024, and the Company expects to possible redemptioncontinue to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period, although it may decide to early adopt such new or revised accounting standards to the extent permitted by such standards. This may make it difficult or impossible to compare the Company’s financial results with the financial results of another public company that is either not an emerging growth company or is an emerging growth company that has chosen not to take advantage of the extended transition period exemptions because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, cash in bank with no restrictions, as well as highly liquid investments which are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use, and which have remaining maturities of three months or less when initially purchased.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash primarily represents deposited cash that is restricted by financial institutions for two purposes. $0.4 million is restricted as collateral for a letter of credit issued to the Company’s landlord in accordance with the guidanceterms of a lease agreement entered into in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” Common stock subject to mandatory redemptionDecember 2020. A portion of this restricted cash ($0.1 million) is classified as a liability instrument and is measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable common stock (including common stock that features redemption rights that is either withincurrent asset as it will be returned to the controlCompany one year following the completion of the holder or subjectBusiness Combination with SRAC, while the remaining $0.3 million is classified as a non-current asset as it will be returned to redemptionthe Company upon the occurrence of uncertainfuture events not solely withinwhich are expected to occur beyond at least one year from December 31, 2021. $0.1 million is restricted for expenditures related to the Company’s control) isNational Security Agreement (the “NSA”) See Note 12.
Deferred Fulfillment and Prepaid Launch Costs
We prepay for certain launch costs to third party providers that will carry the transport vehicle to orbit. Prepaid costs allocated to the delivery of a customers’ payload are classified as temporary equity. At all other times, common stock isdeferred fulfillment costs and recognized as cost of revenue upon delivery of the customers’ payload. Prepaid costs allocated to our payload are classified as stockholders’ equity.prepaid launch costs and are amortized to research and development expense upon the release of our payload. The Company’s Class A common stock held by Public Stockholders features certain redemption rightsallocation is determined based on the distribution between customer and out payload weight on each launch.
As of December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, the Company had $3.0 million and $4.7 million, respectively, of deferred fulfillment and prepaid launch costs in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. On May 21, 2021, the Company received notification from one of its launch service providers that areit was terminating 2 launch service agreements for flights scheduled during calendar year 2021 and that they considered the Company to be outsidein default of prior payments totaling $8.7 million. The Company believed the prepayments would be non-recoverable as this was the third time the payload was rescheduled. As a result of the Company’s control and subject to occurrencenotification from one of uncertain future events. Accordingly, atits launch service
F-7

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

providers, the Company recorded an impairment of $8.7 million of current prepaid launch costs during the year ended December 31, 2019, 16,211,250 shares2021, in addition to an unrelated impairment of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption is presented as temporary equity, outside$0.8 million. See Note 4 for more information about the potential recovery of a portion of the stockholders’ equity sectionimpaired launch costs.
Property, Machinery and Equipment, net
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is generally recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the Company’s balance sheet.

respective assets. The estimated useful lives of fixed assets by asset category are described below:

Fixed AssetsEstimated Useful Life
Computer equipmentThree years
Furniture and fixturesFive years
Leasehold improvements
Lesser of estimated useful life or remaining lease term (one to seven years)
Machinery and equipmentSeven years
Costs of maintenance or repairs that do not extend the lives of the respective assets are charged to expenses as incurred.
Intangible Assets, net
Intangible assets consist of patents and cloud computing implementation costs (in accordance with ASU 2018-15) and are reported at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Amortization is recognized on a straight-line basis over 10 years for patents, and 3 years for cloud computing implementation costs, which is the estimated useful lives of the intangible assets.
Deferred Offering costs

Costs

Offering costs consist of legal, accounting, underwriting fees and other costs incurred through the balance sheet date that arewere directly related to the Initial Public Offering. OfferingCompany’s Business Combination. Upon completion of the Business Combination, all deferred offering costs amountingwere netted with proceeds from the Business Combination, with costs relating to $10,924,857the issuance of equity recorded as a reduction of additional paid in capital, while all costs related to the liability classified warrants were charged to stockholders’ equityexpense. See Note 3 for more information.
Loss Contingencies
We estimate loss contingencies in accordance with ASC 450-20, Loss Contingencies, which states that a loss contingency shall be accrued by a charge to income if both of the following conditions are met: (a) information available before the consolidated financial statements are issued or are available to be issued indicates that it is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the consolidated financial statements and (b) the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We regularly evaluate current information available to us to determine whether such accruals should be adjusted and whether new accruals are required. Refer toNote 12.
Revenue Recognition
The Company enters into contracts for ‘last-mile’ satellite and cargo delivery, payload hosting and in-orbit servicing options with customers that are primarily in the aerospace industry. From inception to December 31, 2021, the Company has not completed a commercial launch of customer cargo and as a result, has not recognized revenue to date for launch services. However, as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had collected $1.6 million and $2.6 million, respectively, in customer deposits related to signed contracts with customers, including firm orders and options (some of which have already been exercised by customers). These deposits are recorded as current and non-current contract liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Included in the collected amount as of December 31, 2021 are $1.6 million of non-current deposits. The Company’s first launch with customers is currently anticipated to occur as early as June 2022, subject to receipt of licenses and government approvals, and successful completion of our current efforts to get the system ready for flight. While a portion of the deposit balance relates to performance obligations that may be satisfied over the next twelve months, the Company will classify customer deposits as non-current until the inaugural launch date is reasonably assured.
F-8

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

The Company will recognize revenue (along with any other fees that have been paid) upon the completionearlier of the Initial Public Offering.

Income taxes

satisfaction of the Company’s performance obligation or when the customer cancels the contract. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized revenue related to customer cancelled contracts of $0.3 million, which were previously recorded as a contract liability. The Company followsalso recorded $(0.1) million as a reduction of cost of revenue which represents the reversal of a contingency recorded during the prior year for loss contracts, partially offset by costs incurred related to one of the cancelled contracts. During the year ended December 31, 2021, in conjunction with the isolated refunds described below, the Company signed amendments with those customers considered in the contingency, such that the services will no longer be free of charge.

While the Company’s standard contracts do not contain refund or recourse provisions that enable its customers to recover any non-refundable fees that have been paid, the Company may issue full or partial refunds to customers on a case-by-case basis as necessary to preserve and foster future business relationships and customer goodwill. As a result of the Company’s inability to complete any launches in 2021 (refer to Note 4 for additional information), the Company issued customer refunds of $1.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Fair Value Measurement
The Company uses valuation approaches that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. A three-tiered hierarchy is established as a basis for considering such assumptions and for inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value. This hierarchy requires that the Company use observable market data, when available, and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value:
Level 1, observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;
Level 2, inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly, and
Level 3, unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which requires that the Company develop its own assumptions.
The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable, and certain prepaid and other current assets and accrued expenses approximate carrying values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments which fall with Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The carrying value of certain other non-current assets and liabilities approximates fair value. The Company had no Level 2 inputs on December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
The Company’s SAFE note liabilities, prior to conversion, were marked-to-market liabilities pursuant to ASC 480 and are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as the Company is using a backsolve method within the Black Scholes Option Pricing model, which allowed the Company to solve for the implied value of the business based on the terms of the SAFE investments. Significant unobservable inputs included volatility and expected term. Volatility is based upon on the actual historical volatility of a group of comparable publicly traded companies observed over a historical period equal to the expected remaining life of the SAFE investments. The expected term was based on the anticipated time until the SAFE investments would have a conversion event. Upon conversion, the SAFE notes were valued based on the closing price of Company’s common stock on the Closing Date.
The Company’s warrants are recorded as a derivative liability pursuant to ASC 815 and are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as the Company is using the Black Scholes Option Pricing model. Significant unobservable inputs include stock price, volatility and expected term. Expected stock price volatility is based on the actual historical volatility of a group of comparable publicly traded companies observed over a historical period equal to the expected remaining life of the Warrants. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect on the date of valuation equal to the remaining expected life of the Warrants. The expected term was based on the maturity of the warrant, which is five years. The dividend yield percentage is zero because the Company does not currently pay dividends, nor does it intend to do so during the expected term of the Private Placement Warrants. Upon conversion of the Legacy Momentus private warrants immediately prior to the business combination, the key valuation input was the closing price of Company’s common stock on the Closing Date, as the expected term and volatility were immaterial to the pricing model.
F-9

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

The Company’s performance awards under the equity incentive plans are recorded as contingent liabilities pursuant to ASC 480, measured at fair value. The performance awards are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy as the fair value is dependent on management assumptions about the likelihood of non-market outcomes (see Note 11). There were no transfers between levels of input during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
The additions, equity conversions, and change in fair values of liabilities subject to recurring remeasurement were as follows:
(in thousands)LevelFair value as of December 31, 2020IssuancesAssumed through Business CombinationChange in fair valueConverted to equityFair value as of December 31, 2021
SAFE notes3$314,440 $30,853 $— $(209,291)$(136,001)$— 
Warrant liability33,206 15,647 31,225 (37,330)(6,999)5,749 
Liability-classified performance awards3— 70 — — — 70 
Total$317,646 $46,570 $31,225 $(246,621)$(143,000)$5,819 
Key assumptions for the Black-Scholes model used to determine the fair value of warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2021 were as follows:
Warrant term (years)4.61
Volatility45.00 %
Risk-free rate1.20 %
Dividend yield0.00 %
Warrant Liability
The Company’s private warrants and stock purchase warrants (discussed in Note 11) are recorded as derivative liabilities pursuant to ASC 815 and are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as the Company is using the Black Scholes Option Pricing model to calculate fair value. Significant unobservable inputs, prior to the Company’s stock being publicly listed, included stock price, volatility and expected term. At the end of each reporting period, changes in fair value during the period are recognized as a components of other income (expense), net within the consolidated statements of operations. The Company will continue to adjust the warrant liabilities for changes in fair value until the earlier of a) the exercise or expiration of the warrants or b) the redemption of the warrants, at which time the warrants will be reclassified to additional paid-in capital.
The warrants issued by Momentus Inc. prior to the Business Combination were exercised in connection with the Business Combination and as a result, the Company performed a fair value measurement of those warrants on the Closing Date and recorded the change in the instruments’ fair values prior to converting them to equity. The warrants assumed by the Company as a result of the Business Combination remain outstanding.
SAFE Notes
The Company issued Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFE”) notes to investors during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, which were converted to shares of common stock in connection with the Business Combination. Prior to conversion, the Company determined that the SAFE notes were not a legal form of debt (i.e., no creditors’ rights). The SAFE notes included a provision allowing for the investors to receive a portion of the proceeds upon a change of control equal to the greater of their investment amount or the amount payable based upon a number of shares of common stock equal to the investment amount divided by the liquidity price, the occurrence of which is outside the control of the Company. This provision required that the SAFE notes be classified as marked-to-market liabilities pursuant to ASC 480. See Note 9 for more information.
Basic and Diluted Income (Loss) Per Share
F-10

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

Net income (loss) per share is provided in accordance with FASB ASC 260-10, “Earnings per Share”. Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing losses by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share excludes all potential common shares and SAFE notes if their effect is anti-dilutive. The table below details the excluded potential common shares where their effect is anti-dilutive for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Year Ended
December 31,
20212020
Options outstanding under Legacy Plans— 7,243,909 
Options outstanding outside of stock incentive plans— 134,586 
RSUs outstanding under the 2021 Plan3,029,991 — 
Common stock warrants19,897,500 499,534 
SAFE notes outstanding (shares not reserved)— 13,909,900 
Total22,927,491 21,787,929 
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
The Company evaluates the carrying value of long lived assets on an annual basis, or more frequently whenever circumstances indicate a long lived asset may be impaired. When indicators of impairment exist, the Company estimates future undiscounted cash flows attributable to such assets. In the event cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the recorded value of the assets, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 there were immaterial impairments of long-lived assets. See Note 5 and Note 6.
Stock-based Compensation
The Company has a stock incentive plan under which equity awards are granted to employees, directors, and consultants. All stock-based payments are recognized in the consolidated financial statements based on their respective grant date fair values.
Restricted stock unit fair value is based on our closing stock price on the day of the grant. Stock option fair value is determined using the Black Scholes Merton option pricing model. The model requires management to make a number of assumptions, including expected volatility of the Company’s stock, expected life of the option, risk-free interest rate, and expected dividends. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) compensation fair value is also determined using the Black Scholes Merton option pricing model, using a six month expected term to conform with the six month ESPP offering period.
The fair value of equity awards are expensed over the related service period which is typically the vesting period, and expense is only recognized for awards that are expected to vest. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.
Research and Development Costs
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs include activities to develop existing and future technologies for the Company’s vehicles. Research and development activities include basic research, applied research, design, development, and related test program activities. Costs incurred for developing our vehicles primarily include equipment, material, and labor hours (both internal and subcontractors).
Once the Company has achieved technological feasibility, the Company will capitalize the costs to construct any additional components of the vehicle systems.
Nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities related to an executory contractual arrangement are deferred and capitalized. These advance payments are recognized as an expense as the related goods are delivered or services performed. When the related goods are no longer expected to be delivered or services rendered, the capitalized advance payment should be charged to expense.
F-11

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

Leases
The Company leases real estate facilities under non-cancelable operating leases with various expiration dates through February 2028. The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease at inception based on whether there is an identified property, plant or equipment and whether the Company controls the use of the identified asset throughout the period of use.
The Company adopted the Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) on January 1, 2020. The Company elected the package of practical expedients for transition under which the Company did not reassess its prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. Additionally, the Company elected the hindsight practical expedient for transition under which conclusions around lease term and impairment will not be reassessed.
Operating leases are included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term. Lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease and are included in current and non-current liabilities. Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease inception date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term discounted based on the more readily determinable of (i) the rate implicit in the lease or (ii) the Company’s incremental borrowing rate (which is the estimated rate the Company would be required to pay for a collateralized borrowing equal to the total lease payments over the term of the lease). Because the Company’s operating leases generally do not provide an implicit rate, the Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement date for borrowings with a similar term.
The Company’s operating lease ROU assets are measured based on the corresponding operating lease liability adjusted for (i) payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date, (ii) initial direct costs incurred and (iii) tenant incentives under the lease. The Company does not assume renewals or early terminations unless it is reasonably certain to exercise these options at commencement. The Company elected the practical expedient which allows the Company to not allocate consideration between lease and non-lease components. Variable lease payments are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments are incurred. In addition, the Company elected the practical expedient such that it does not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for leases with a term of 12 months or less of all asset classes. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with authoritative guidance, which requires the use of the asset and liability method. Under this method, of accounting fordeferred income taxes under ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.” Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized fordetermined based upon the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differencesdifference between the financial statementsstatement carrying amounts and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax ratesrate expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporarythe differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect onreversed.
Significant judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, management considers all available evidence, including past operating results, estimates of future taxable income, and the feasibility of tax planning strategies.
In the event that management changes its determination as to the amount of deferred tax assets and liabilities ofthat can be realized, the Company will adjust its valuation allowance with a change in tax rates is recognized incorresponding impact to the provision for income taxes in the period that includedin which such determination is made.
The Company is required to evaluate the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expectedin the course of preparing its tax returns to determine whether tax positions are “more likely than not” of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax benefits of positions not deemed to meet the “more likely than not” threshold would be taken inrecorded as a tax return. For those benefitsexpense in the current year. The amount recognized is subject to be recognized, aestimate and management judgment with respect to the likely outcome of each uncertain tax position. The amount that is ultimately sustained for an individual uncertain tax position must be more likely than notor for all uncertain tax positions in the aggregate could differ from the amount that is initially recognized.

F-12

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

Concentrations of Risk
Financial instruments that are exposed to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities.concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company recognizes accrued interestplaces its cash and penalties relatedcash equivalents in banks that management believes are creditworthy, however deposits may exceed federally insured limits.
Segment Reporting
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to unrecognized tax benefitsallocate resources and in assessing operating performance. In consideration of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 280, “Segment Reporting,” we are not organized around specific services or geographic regions. We currently operate in one service line providing in-space transportation services.
Our chief operating decision maker uses condensed financial information to evaluate our performance, which is the same basis on which our results and performance are communicated to our Board of Directors. Based on the information described above and in accordance with the applicable literature, management has concluded that we are organized and operated as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits1 operating and no amounts accruedreportable segment.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt— Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), which clarifies and reduces diversity in an issuer’s accounting for interestmodifications or exchanges of freestanding equity classified written call options (for example, warrants) that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. The provisions of ASU 2021-04 are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021, and penalties asinterim reporting periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. The ASU is applied prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date of December 31, 2019.the amendments. The Company is currentlyevaluating this new standard, but does not awareexpect it to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, which simplifies the guidance on the issuer’s accounting for convertible debt instruments by removing the separation models for (1) convertible debt with a cash conversion feature and (2) convertible instruments with a beneficial conversion feature. As a result, entities will not separately present in equity an embedded conversion feature in such debt. Instead, they will account for a convertible debt instrument wholly as debt, unless certain other conditions are met. The elimination of any issues under reviewthese models will reduce reported interest expense and increase reported net income for entities that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.have issued a convertible instrument that was within the scope of those models before the adoption of ASU 2020-06. Also, ASU 2020-06 requires the application of the if-converted method for calculating diluted earnings per share and the treasury stock method will be no longer available. The provisions of ASU 2020-06 are applicable for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company is subjectevaluating this new standard, but does not expect it to income tax examinationshave a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements or disclosures.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The ASU was subsequently amended by major taxing authorities since inception.


Net income (loss) per common share

Net income (loss) per common shareASU No. 2018-19, ASU No. 2019-05 and ASU No. 2019-10. The guidance amended reporting requirements for credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and available-for-sale debt securities. For available-for-sale debt securities, credit losses will be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. In addition, the length of time a security has been in an unrealized loss position will no longer impact the determination of whether a credit loss exists. ASU No. 2016-13, as subsequently amended for various technical issues, is computed by dividing net income (loss)effective for public, smaller reporting companies’ fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. If the Company were to lose Smaller Reporting Company (“SRC”) status in 2022, the standard would be effective for the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company is evaluating this new standard, but does not expect it to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

F-13

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

Although there are several other new accounting pronouncements issued or proposed by the weighted average numberFASB, which have been adopted or will be adopted as applicable, management does not believe any of commonthese accounting pronouncements has had or will have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the accounting for income taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in income taxes. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2021. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This guidance is intended to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about lease arrangements. The Company adopted the standard as of January 1, 2020, using the modified retrospective approach. In addition, the Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification related to agreements entered prior to adoption.
The adoption of the new standard resulted in recognition of operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities of $0.55 million and $0.56 million, respectively, as of January 1, 2020. There was no material cumulative impact of transition to accumulated deficit as of the adoption date. The standard did not materially impact the accompanying statements of operations and had no impact on the accompanying statements of cash flows.
Note 3. Reverse Recapitalization
As discussed in Note 1, "Nature of Operations", on the Closing Date, SRAC completed the acquisition of Momentus Inc. and acquired 100% of Momentus Inc.’s shares and Momentus Inc. received gross proceeds of $238.4 million, which included $110.0 million in proceeds from the PIPE Investment, and $128.4 million in proceeds from issuance of common stock outstandingupon the closing of the Business Combination, comprised of $172.5 million of public investment in SRAC reduced by redemptions of $35.6 million and shareholder deficit of $8.5 million.
The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization under ASC 805, with Momentus Inc. as the period. The Company has not consideredaccounting acquirer and SRAC as the effectacquired company for accounting purposes. Momentus Inc. was determined to be the accounting acquirer as Momentus Inc.'s stockholders prior to the closing of warrants soldthe Business Combination had the greatest voting interest in the Initial Public Offering and as partcombined entity, Momentus Inc. comprises all of the Placement Unitsongoing operations, and Momentus Inc.'s senior management directs operations of the combined entity. Accordingly, all historical financial information presented in these consolidated financial statements represents the accounts of Momentus Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary. Net assets were stated at historical cost consistent with the treatment of the transaction as a reverse recapitalization of Momentus Inc.
One-time direct and incremental transaction costs incurred by the Company were recorded based on the activities to which the costs relate and the structure of the transaction. Costs of $27.8 million allocated to the issuance of equity were recorded as a reduction in additional paid in capital, while costs of $4.8 million allocated to the liability classified warrants were charged to expense. On the Closing Date, each holder of Momentus Inc. preferred and common stock received approximately 0.2467416 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.00001 per share. SeeNote 11 for additional details of the Company's stockholders' equity (deficit) prior to and subsequent to the Business Combination.
All equity awards of Momentus Inc. were assumed by the Company and converted into comparable equity awards that are settled or exercisable for shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. As a result, each outstanding stock option was converted into an option to purchase 8,897,500shares of the Company’s Class A common stock based on an exchange ratio of 0.2467416, and each outstanding restricted stock award was converted into restricted stock awards of the Company that, upon vesting, may be settled for shares of the Company’s Class A common stock based on an exchange ratio of 0.2467416.
F-14

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 3. Reverse Recapitalization (cont.)
Outstanding private warrants of Momentus Inc. common stock were also converted into warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A common stock based on an exchange ratio of 0.2467416.
Each public and private warrant of SRAC that was unexercised at the time of the Business Combination was assumed by the Company and represents the right to purchase 1 share of the Company’s Class A common stock upon exercise of such warrant. See Note 11 for more information.
Lock-up Agreements
In conjunction with the Closing, certain insider stockholders executed lock-up agreements, pursuant to which such stockholders agree not to transfer any shares of Class A common stock in the calculationfor a period of diluted income (loss) per share, since the exercise of the warrants are contingent upon the occurrence of future events and the inclusion of such warrants would be anti-dilutive.

The Company’s statement of operations includes a presentation of income (loss) per share for common shares subject to redemption in a manner similar to the two-class method of income per share. Net income per common share, basic and diluted for Class A redeemable common stock held by Public Stockholders is calculated by dividing the interest income earned on the Trust Account of $346,011 net of applicable franchise and income taxes of approximately $167,000 for the period from May 28, 2019 (inception) through December 31, 2019, by the weighted average number of Class A redeemable common stock held by Public Stockholders since issuance. Net loss per common share, basic and diluted for Class A and Class B non-redeemable common stock is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) of $62,359, less income attributable to Class A redeemable common stock of $178,942, by the weighted average number of Class A and Class B non-redeemable common stock outstanding for the period. Class A and Class B non-redeemable common stock includes the Founder Shares and the shares included in the Placement Units as these shares do not have any redemption features and do not participate in the income earned on the Trust Account.

Concentration of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution, which, at times, may exceed the Federal Depository Insurance Coverage of $250,000. At December 31, 2019, the Company has not experienced losses on this account and management believes the Company is not exposed to significant risks on such account.

Financial instruments

The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying balance sheets, primarily due to their short-term nature.

Recent accounting pronouncements

Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

NOTE 3. INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING

Pursuant to the Initial Public Offering, the Company sold 17,250,000 Units, which includes the full exercise by the underwriter of its option to purchase an additional 2,250,000 Units at $10.00 per Unit. Each Unit consists of one share of Class A common stock and one-half of one redeemable warrant (“Public Warrant”). Each whole Public Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment (see Note 7).

NOTE 4. PRIVATE PLACEMENT

Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Sponsor and Cantor purchased an aggregate of 545,000 Placement Units at a price of $10.00 per Placement Unit, for an aggregate purchase price of $5,450,000. Each Placement Unit consists of one share of Class A common stock (“Placement Share”) and one-half of one redeemable warrant (“Placement Warrant”). Each whole Placement Warrant is exercisable to purchase one share of Class A common stock at a price of $11.50 per share. The proceeds from the Placement Units were added to the proceeds from the Initial Public Offering held in the Trust Account. If the Company does not complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period, the proceeds from the sale of the Placement Units will be used to fund the redemption of the Public Shares (subject to the requirements of applicable law), and the Placement Units and all underlying securities will be worthless.


NOTE 5. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Founder Shares

In June 2019, the Sponsor purchased 4,312,500 shares (the “Founder Shares”) of the Company’s Class B common stock for an aggregate price of $25,000. The Founder Shares will automatically convert into shares of Class A common stock at the time of a Business Combination, or earlier at the option of the holders, on a one-for-one basis, subject to certain adjustments, as described in Note 7.

The Founder Shares included up to 562,500 shares subject to forfeiture to the extent that the underwriter’s over-allotment option was not exercised in full or in part, so that the Sponsor would own, on an as-converted basis, 20% of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares6 months after the Initial Public Offering (assumingClosing or, if earlier, the Sponsor did not purchase any Public Shares infirst date the Initial Public Offering and excluding Placement Shares included in the Placement Units). As a result of the underwriter’s election to fully exercise its over-allotment option, 562,500 Founder Shares are no longer subject to forfeiture.

The Sponsor has agreed, subject to limited exceptions, not to transfer, assign or sell any of its Founder Shares until the earlier to occur of: (A) one year after the completion of a Business Combination or (B) subsequent to a Business Combination, (x) if the last saleclosing price of the Class A common stock equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencingfollowing the Closing.

PIPE Investment
On October 7, 2020 and July 15, 2021, SRAC entered into subscription agreements with certain investors (the “PIPE Investors”) to which such investors collectively subscribed for an aggregate of 11,000,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at least 150 days after$10.00 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $110.0 million (the “PIPE Investment”). The PIPE Investors were also granted an equal number of private warrants to purchase the Company’s Class A common stock at $11.50 per share. The warrants were recorded as a derivative liability under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and the warrant liability was initially valued at $30.5 million. See Note 11 for more information. The PIPE Investment was consummated concurrently with the closing of the Business Combination, or (y)Combination.
Note 4. Prepaids and Other Current Assets
Prepaids and other current assets consisted of the date on whichfollowing:
(in thousands)December 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
Prepaid research and development$4,870 $1,452 
Prepaid launch costs, current— 2,260 
Prepaid insurance and other assets4,562 796 
Total$9,431 $4,508 
As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the non-current portion of prepaid launch costs recorded in other non-current assets was $3.0 million and $2.4 million, respectively.
FAA application
On May 10, 2021, the Company completesreceived a liquidation, merger, capital stockletter from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) denying the Company’s application for a payload review for the then-planned June 2021 launch. According to the letter, during an interagency consultation, the FAA was informed that the launch of the Company’s payload posed national security concerns associated with the Company’s then-current corporate structure. The letter further stated that the FAA understood that the Company was undergoing a process that might resolve the national security concerns, and that the FAA could reconsider a payload application when that process was completed.
As a result of the FAA application denial, on May 21, 2021, the Company received notification from one of its launch service providers that it was terminating two launch service agreements for flights scheduled during calendar year 2021 and that they considered the Company to be in default of prior payments totaling $8.7 million. The Company believed the prepayments were non-recoverable as this was the third time the payload was rescheduled. As a result of the notification from one of its launch service providers, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $8.7 million of prepaid launch costs during the year ended December 31, 2021, in addition to an unrelated impairment of $0.8 million. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company had a similar impairment of
F-15

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 4. Prepaids and Other Current Assets (cont.)
$1.5 million of prepaid launch costs related to an abandoned launch, prior to the official FAA application denial in 2021. $0.2 million of the 2020 impairment was allocated to cost of revenue.
On October 12, 2021, the Company began discussions with the same launch service provider about reestablishing a future launch schedule. As a result of the discussion, the Company signed a Launch Services Agreement on October 19, 2021 that reserves space on an upcoming launch, which is targeted for June 2022. While securing space on the manifest is an important step, our plan to launch in June 2022 remains subject to the receipt of licenses and other government approvals, and successful completion of our current efforts to get the system ready for flight. The Company determined that $2.7 million of the impaired deposits were potentially recoverable in connection with the reestablished schedule. The Company did not record any adjustments as a result of the discussions.
Note 5. Property, Machinery and Equipment, net
Property, machinery and equipment, net consisted of the following:
(in thousands)December 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
Computer equipment$178 $178 
Furniture and fixtures206 206 
Leasehold improvements2,693 665 
Machinery and equipment3,332 1,936 
Construction in-progress247 118 
Property, machinery and equipment, gross6,656 3,103 
Less: accumulated depreciation(1,827)(782)
Property, machinery and equipment, net$4,829 $2,321 
Depreciation expense related to property, machinery and equipment was $1.0 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, there was a disposal of $0.5 million related to the abandonment of malfunctioning machinery. There were no disposals of fixed assets during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Note 6. Intangible Assets, net
The Company’s intangible assets consist primarily of costs related to filing patents, as well as immaterial costs associated with cloud computing implementations. As part of the terms of the Term Loan, the Company’s intellectual property is subject to a lien held by the lender while the loan is outstanding. See Note 10.
Intangible assets, net consisted of the following as of December 31, 2021:
(in thousands)Gross ValueAccumulated AmortizationNet ValueWeighted average remaining amortization period (in years)
Intellectual property & cloud computing implementation costs$447 $(98)$349 7.03
Intangible assets, net consisted of the following as of December 31, 2020:
(in thousands)Gross ValueAccumulated AmortizationNet ValueWeighted average remaining amortization period (in years)
Intellectual Property$357 $(52)$305 7.62
Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $0.05 million and $0.03 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
F-16

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 6. Intangible assets, net (cont.)
As of December 31, 2021, the future estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets is as follows:
(in thousands)
Year ending December 31,Amount
2022$57 
202357 
202450 
202543 
202643 
Thereafter99 
Total$349 
During the year ended December 31, 2021 there was $0.02 million of impairments of intangible assets related to the expiration of certain patent applications which were not pursued further. There were no impairments of intangible assets during the year ended December 31, 2020.
Note 7. Leases
The Company leases office space under non-cancellable operating leases with terms expiring from April 2022 through February 2028. The leases require monthly lease payments that are subject to annual increase throughout the lease term.
InJanuary 2021, the Company commenced a lease at a new location in San Jose, California. The lease expires in February 2028. The Company is obligated to pay approximately $11 million over the term of the lease. Prior to December 31, 2021, the Company modified 2 minor leases to extend access until April 2022 to aid the full transition to the San Jose facility.
The Company adopted ASC 842 as of January 1, 2020, using the modified retrospective approach. Rent expense was $1.7 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The Company performed evaluations of its contracts and determined that each of its identified leases are classified as operating leases. The components of operating lease expense were as follows:
(in thousands)Year Ended December 31,
20212020
Operating lease cost$1,742 $272 
Variable lease expense590 24 
Short-term lease expense19 
Total lease expense$2,351 $305 
Variable lease expense consists of the Company’s proportionate share of operating expenses, property taxes, and insurance.
The lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities recognized in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:
(in thousands)As of December 31,
2021
As of December 31,
2020
Right-of-use assets in other non-current assets$7,604 $316 
Other current liabilities$1,189 $254 
Other non-current liabilities7,284 72 
Total lease liability$8,473 $326 

F-17

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 7. Leases (cont.)

As of December 31, 2021, the maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities were as follows:
(in thousands)
2022$1,634 
20231,533 
20241,580 
20251,627 
20261,674 
Thereafter2,026 
Total lease payments10,074 
Less: Imputed interest(1,601)
Present value of lease liabilities$8,473 
Note 8. Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses consisted of the following:
(in thousands)December 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
Legal and other professional services$4,121 $268 
Compensation expense3,862 1,371 
Research and development projects1,240 517 
Offering costs— 506 
Payroll tax expense163 328 
Other current expense399 74 
Total$9,785 $3,064 
Note 9. SAFE Notes
The Company issued Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFE”) notes to investors. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company issued SAFE notes to investors in exchange or other similar transaction that results infor aggregate proceeds of $30.9 million. On August 12, 2021, as a result of the Business Combination, all of the Company’s stockholders having the right to exchange their sharesoutstanding SAFE notes, representing principal of common stock for cash, securities or other property.

Related Party Loans

On June 28, 2019, the Sponsor agreed to loan the Company an aggregate$78.0 million and a fair value of up to $300,000 to cover expenses related to the Initial Public Offering pursuant to a promissory note (the “Promissory Note”). The Promissory Note was non-interest bearing and payable$136.0 million on the earlier of December 31, 2019 or the completion of the Initial Public Offering. Borrowings outstanding under the Promissory Note of $222,725 were repaid upon the consummation of the Initial Public Offering on November 13, 2019.

In addition, in order to finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination, the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor, or certain of the Company’s officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds as may be required (“Working Capital Loans”). If the Company completes a Business Combination, the Company would repay the Working Capital Loans out of the proceeds of the Trust Account released to the Company. Otherwise, the Working Capital Loans would be repaid only out of funds held outside the Trust Account. In the event that a Business Combination does not close, the Company may use a portion of proceeds held outside the Trust Account to repay the Working Capital Loans but no proceeds held in the Trust Account would be used to repay the Working Capital Loans. Except for the foregoing, the terms of such Working Capital Loans, if any, have not been determined and no written agreements exist with respect to such loans. The Working Capital Loans would either be repaid upon consummation of a Business Combination, without interest, or, at the lender’s discretion, up to $1,500,000 of such Working Capital Loans may be convertibleconversion date, converted into units upon consummation of the Business Combination at a price of $10.00 per unit. The units would be identical to the Placement Units. There were no outstanding borrowings under the Working Capital Loans as of December 31, 2019.

Administrative Support Agreement

The Company entered into an agreement whereby, commencing on November 8, 2019 through the earlier of the Company’s consummation of a Business Combination or its liquidation, the Company will pay an affiliate of the Sponsor a total of $10,000 per month for office space, utilities and administrative support. For the period from May 28, 2019 (inception) through December 31, 2019, the Company incurred $20,000 in fees for these services, which amount is included in accrued expenses in the accompanying balance sheet.


NOTE 6. COMMITMENTS

Registration Rights

Pursuant to a registration rights agreement entered into on November 7, 2019, the holders of the Founder Shares, Placement Units (including securities contained therein) and units (including securities contained therein) that may be issued upon conversion of Working Capital Loans, and any12,403,469 shares of Class A common stock issuableof the combined company.

Prior to conversion, the Company determined that the SAFE notes were not a legal form of debt (i.e., no creditors’ rights). The SAFE notes included a provision allowing for cash redemption upon the exerciseoccurrence of a change of control, the occurrence of which was outside the control of the Placement WarrantsCompany. The provision required the SAFE notes be classified as marked-to-market liabilities pursuant to ASC 480. As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the estimated fair value of the SAFE notes classified as liabilities was zero and $314.4 million, respectively. The income (loss) reported from the decrease (increase) in the estimated fair value of the SAFE notes, including those issued during the period, was $209.3 million and $(267.3) million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively . These amounts are included in other income (expense).
Note 10. Loan Payable
Term Loan
On February 22, 2021, the Company entered into a Term Loan and Security Agreement (the “Term Loan”) which provided the Company with up to $40.0 million in borrowing capacity at an annual interest rate of 12%. $25.0 million of the Term Loan was immediately available for borrowing by the Company at the inception of the agreement, the Company borrowed this amount on March 1, 2021. The remaining $15.0 million of borrowing capacity is no longer available as the Company did not achieve certain milestones needed by the June 30, 2021 deadline. Under the terms of the loan, if certain operating cash ratios are not met, the lender is granted a lien on the
F-18

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 10. Loan Payable (cont.)
Company’s intellectual property while the loan is outstanding. Prior to the Business Combination, the lien was granted and remains in place. The repayment terms of the Term Loan provide for interest-only payments beginning March 1, 2021 through February 28, 2022. The principal amount is due and payable on March 1, 2022, however, as a subsequent event, on January 29, 2022, the Company exercised its option to pay back the Term Loan over 24 months. See Note 15.
In conjunction with the Term Loan, warrants to purchase preferred stock up to 1% of the fully diluted capitalization (including allowance for conversion of all outstanding convertible notes, SAFE notes and such warrants) of the Company were granted to the lender exercisable at the lender’s option. 80% of the 1% of the warrants were earned by the lender upon execution of the agreement. The additional 20% of the warrants was forfeited as of June 30, 2021. The warrant’s original estimated fair value of $15.6 million was recorded as a derivative liability under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, with the offset recorded as a debt discount. On August 12, 2021 the lender exercised the warrant. See Note 11 for discussion on the valuation and conversion of the warrants as of December 31, 2021.
Additionally, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $0.1 million, which were recorded as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the Term Loan. The original issuance discount, warrant discount and debt issuance costs are amortized as interest expense using the effective interest rate method through the term of the loan. Interest expense amortization was $11.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
The Company allocated the proceeds from the Term Loan agreement to the note and warrants comprising the financing agreement based on the relative fair value of the individual securities on the February 22, 2021 closing date of the agreements. The discount attributable to the note, an aggregate of $15.8 million, primarily related to the value of the warrant liability with immaterial issuance costs, is amortized using the effective interest method over the one-year term of the note, maturing on March 1, 2022. Because the discount on the note exceeds 63% of its initial face value, and because the discount is amortized over the period from issuance to maturity of one year, the calculated effective interest rate is 126%. However, due to the subsequent event described above, the remaining value of the debt discounts and issuance costs as of December 31, 2021, will be amortized over the new extended term of the loan, impacting the effective interest rate in future periods. See Note 15.
Equipment Loan
In March 2020, the Company entered into an equipment financing agreement to fund the acquisition of specific and eligible equipment (the “Equipment Loan”). The Equipment Loan provided the Company access to borrow up to $4.5 million. Repayment of any amounts issued under the Equipment Loan occurs over 30 months. Interest under the Equipment Loan was fixed at 9.75% . The Company was also obligated to pay a final amount equivalent to 5% of the loan, and the final amount was expensed as interest expense over the term of the Equipment Loan using the effective interest rate. The borrowings were collateralized by all of the equipment financed by the lender. On March 9, 2020, the Company borrowed $1.5 million under the Equipment Loan. The borrowings included an original issuance discount of $0.05 million. Pursuant to the terms of the Equipment Loan, the first six months of payments were interest only and monthly payments, including principal and interest of $0.06 million, began September 1, 2020 and were scheduled to end September 1, 2023.
In conjunction with the Equipment Loan, a stock purchase warrant was also issued to the lender, which allows for the purchase of Series A Preferred Stock or Preferred Stock in a subsequent round of financing in an amount of $0.2 million. Under the stock purchase warrant agreement, the lender is also provided the right to invest up to an additional $0.3 million in the Company’s equity or convertible debt issued in future offerings. The lender exercised this right with the SAFE notes issued in February 2021. The lender exercised the stock purchase warrant on August 12, 2021. The warrant’s original estimated fair value of $0.03 million was recorded as a derivative liability under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, with the offset recorded as a debt discount. See Note 11 for discussion on the valuation and conversion of the warrants as of December 31, 2021.
Additionally, the Company incurred debt issuance costs related to the Equipment Loan of $0.04 million, which were recorded as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the Equipment Loan. The original issuance discount, warrant discount and debt issuance costs were being amortized as interest expense using the effective interest rate method through the term of the loan. Interest expense amortization was $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. In December 2020, all of the outstanding principal and accrued interest of $1.5 million under
F-19

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 10. Loan Payable (cont.)
the Equipment Loan was paid off and the Equipment Loan facility was terminated. The unamortized original issuance discount, warrant discount and debt issuance cost of $0.07 million was fully expensed in December 2020.
Promissory Notes
On June 29, 2021, the Company and SRAC amended the Merger Agreement which, among other things, provided for the issuance by the Company of 2 second lien notes (“Promissory Notes”). The notes, in the amount of $1,500,000 each, were held by the Company’s outside counsel and SRAC, and were for certain legal fees and expenses incurred by SRAC and the Company in relation to the Merger Agreement. As a result of the Business Combination, the amount due to SRAC became an intercompany transaction which was eliminated from the combined entity’s consolidated balance sheets. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company signed an agreement with its outside counsel and made a payment which settled the Promissory Note as well as all outstanding payables. The agreement resulted in a reduction of $2.6 million in the amount due for expenses incurred during the year, which was recorded as a reduction to legal expenses.
PPP Loan
In May 2020, the Company received a Paycheck Protection Program loan (“PPP Loan”) in the amount of $1.0 million. The loan was issued under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Econo24mic Security Act (“CARES Act”). In September 2020, the Company repaid the PPP Loan in full.
The Company’s total loan payable consists of the following at December 31, 2021:
(in thousands)December 31,
2021
Gross Term Loan$25,000 
Less: Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs(4,093)
Net notes payable, (all current)$20,907 
There are no principal payments due on the Term loan until March 1, 2022 when the entire loan is due and payable. However, as a subsequent event, on January 29, 2022, the Company exercised its option to pay back the Term Loan over 24 months. See Note 15.
Note 11. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) and Stock-based Compensation
Common Stock and Preferred Stock
On August 13, 2021, The Company’s common stock began trading on the Nasdaq under the symbol “MNTS”. Pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the Company is authorized and has available a total of 270,000,000 shares of stock, consisting of (i) 250,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, and warrants (and underlying par value $0.00001 per share (“Class A common stock) that may be issued upon conversionstock”), and (ii) 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.00001 per share (“Preferred Stock”). As of December 31, 2021, the units issued as partCompany had 81,211,781 shares of the Working Capital Loans and Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of the Founder Shares, are entitled to registration rights, requiring the Company to register such securities for resale (in the case of the Founder Shares, only after conversion to Class A common stock). The holders of the majority of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that the Company register such securities. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to the completion of a Business Combinationissued and rights to require the Company to register for resale such securities pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Cantor may not exercise its demand and “piggyback” registration rights after five (5) and seven (7) years after the effective date of the registration statement and may not exercise its demand rights on more than one occasion. The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.

Underwriting Agreement

The underwriter was paid a cash underwriting discount of $3,450,000, or $0.20 per Unit of the gross proceeds from the Units sold in the Initial Public Offering. In addition, the underwriter is entitled to a deferred fee of $0.40 per Unit of the gross proceeds from the Units sold in the Initial Public Offering, or $6,900,000 in the aggregate. The deferred fee will become payable to the underwriter from the amounts held in the Trust Account solely in the event that the Company completes a Business Combination, subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement.

NOTE 7. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Preferred Stock — The Company is authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Company’s board of directors. At December 31, 2019, thereoutstanding. There were no shares of preferredPreferred Stock outstanding as of December 31, 2021.

At the Closing, the Company had 79,772,262 shares of common stock outstanding and no shares of Preferred Stock outstanding. The following summarizes the Company’s common stock outstanding immediately after the Business Combination:
Shares%
Momentus Space, LLC unit holders50,419,505 63.20 %
Public stockholders13,695,257 17.17 %
SRAC and its affiliates4,657,500 5.84 %
PIPE investors11,000,000 13.79 %
Total79,772,262 100 %
F-20

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 11. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) and Stock-based Compensation (cont.)
Co-Founder Divestment and Share Repurchase
In accordance with the NSA and pursuant to certain Repurchase Agreements entered into with the Company, effective as of June 8, 2021, each of Mr. Kokorich, Nortrone Finance S.A. and Brainyspace LLC (collectively “Co-Founders”) sold, back to the Company, 100% of their respective equity interests in the Company. The Company paid the Co-Founders $40.0 million for the equity interest purchased. Pursuant to the NSA, a portion of those divestment proceeds were placed in escrow accounts, and may not be released to the divested investors until after completion of audit by a third party auditor of the investors compliance with the NSA and the lapse of a 15 day period without an objection from the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies. As a subsequent event, the remaining proceeds were released from escrow to the divested investors, see Note 15. The Company recorded the consideration paid as a reduction of common stock and additional paid in capital.
Stock Purchase Warrants
In February 2021, the Company entered into a term loan (the “Term Loan”) to provide the Company up to $40.0 million of borrowing capacity, of which $25.0 million was borrowed. In conjunction with the Term Loan, warrants up to 1% of the fully diluted capitalization (including allowance for conversion of all outstanding convertible notes, SAFE notes and such warrants) of the Company were granted to the lender exercisable at the lender’s option. 80% of the 1% of the warrants were earned by the lender upon execution of the agreement. The remaining 20% of the warrants were forfeited on June 30, 2021. The warrant’s original estimated fair value of $15.6 million was recorded as a derivative liability under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, with the offset recorded as a debt discount. The Company recorded the decrease in the estimated fair value of the warrant of $(10.7) million for the year ended December 31, 2021, within other income (expense) in the accompanying consolidated income statements. The warrants were exercised by the lender immediately prior to the Business Combination. The loan remains outstanding as of December 31, 2021.
In March 2020, the Company entered into the Equipment Loan to fund the acquisition of specific and eligible equipment. The financing agreement provided the Company up to $4.5 million of borrowing capacity, of which $1.5 million was borrowed (see Note 10). In conjunction with the equipment financing agreement, the Company issued or outstanding.

Common Stock

stock purchase warrants to the lender, which allowed for the purchase of 191,108 shares of common stock in a subsequent round of financing. These warrants were also accounted for as a derivative liability and the decrease in the estimated fair value of the warrant of $(1.1) million for the year ended December 31, 2021 was recorded within other income (expense) in the accompanying consolidated income statements. The warrants were exercised by the lender immediately prior to the Business Combination.

Public and Private Warrants
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had public and private warrants outstanding to purchase 8,625,000 and 11,272,500 of Class A Common Stockcommon stock, respectively, related to the Business Combination. The warrants entitle the registered holder to purchase stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment, at any time commencing on August 12, 2021. The public and private warrants expire on the fifth anniversary of the Business Combination, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. Additionally, the Company is authorizedhas private warrants outstanding to issue 100,000,000purchase 308,569 shares of Class A common stock, with an exercise price of $0.20 per share, unrelated to the Business Combination.
The private warrants assumed in connection with the Business Combination were accounted for as a parderivative liability and the change in estimated fair value of $0.0001 per share. Holdersthe warrants of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote$(25.5) million for each share. Atthe year ended December 31, 2019, there2021 was recorded within other income (expense) in the accompanying consolidated income statements. The public warrants and the legacy outstanding private warrants were 1,583,750recorded as equity in the accompany consolidated balance sheets.
Stock Incentive Plans
Legacy Stock Plans
In May 2018, the Board of Directors of Momentus Inc. approved the 2018 Stock Plan (the “Initial Plan”) that allowed for granting of incentive and non-qualified stock options and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) to employees, directors, and consultants. The Initial Plan was terminated in November 2018. Awards outstanding under the Initial Plan continue to be governed by the terms of the Initial Plan.
F-21

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 11. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) and Stock-based Compensation (cont.)
In February and March 2020, the Board approved an amendment and restatement to the New 2018 Stock Plan (the “Amended and Restated 2018 Stock Plan”). No additional grants have been made since 2020 and no new grants will be made from the Amended and Restated 2018 Stock Plan, however, the options issued and outstanding under the plan continue to be governed by the terms of the Amended and Restated 2018 Stock Plan. As of December 31, 2021, the legacy plans had 5,254,222 shares of Class A common stock issued or outstanding, excluding 16,211,250available for grant. Forfeitures from the legacy plans become available under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, described below.
2021 Equity Incentive Plan
In connection with the Closing, the Company adopted the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”), under which 5,982,922 shares of common stock subjectwere initially reserved for issuance. The 2021 Plan allows for the issuance of incentive stock options (“ISOs”), non-qualified stock options (“NSOs”), restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and performance awards. The Board of Directors determines the period over which grants become exercisable and grants generally vest over a four-year period. The 2021 Plan became effective immediately following the Closing. The 2021 Plan has an evergreen provision which allows for shares available for issuance under the plan to possible redemption.

Class B Common Stock — The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 sharesbe increased on the first day of Class B common stockeach fiscal year beginning with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Holders of Class B common stock are entitled to one vote for each share. At December 31, 2019, there were 4,312,500 shares of Class B common stock issuedthe 2022 fiscal year and outstanding.

Holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock will vote together as a single classending on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders except as required by law.


The shares of Class B common stock will automatically convert into shares of Class A common stock at(and including) the time of a Business Combination on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment. In the case that additional shares of Class A common stock, or equity-linked securities, are issued or deemed issued in excessfirst day of the amounts offered2031 fiscal year, in the Initial Public Offering and relatedeach case, in an amount equal to the closinglessor of a Business Combination, the ratio at which shares of Class B common stock shall convert into shares of Class A common stock will be adjusted (unless the holders of a majority(i) three percent (3.0%) of the outstanding shares on the last day of Class Bthe immediately preceding fiscal year and (ii) such number of Shares determined by the Board. As of December 31, 2021 only RSU grants have been made under the 2021 Plan and there were 2,878,514 shares remaining available for grant. Grant activity under the 2021 Plan is described below.

2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In connection with the Closing, the Company adopted the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2021 ESPP Plan”), under which 1,595,445 shares of common stock agreewere initially reserved for issuance. The Plan provides a means by which eligible employees of the Company may be given an opportunity to waivepurchase shares of common stock at a discount as permitted under the Internal Revenue Code. The 2021 ESPP Plan has an evergreen provision which allows for shares available for issuance under the plan to be increased on the first day of each fiscal year beginning with the 2022 fiscal year and ending on (and including) the first day of the 2031 fiscal year, in each case, in an amount equal to the lessor of (i) half a percent (0.5%) of the outstanding shares on the last day of the calendar month prior to the date of such adjustment with respectautomatic increase (ii) 1,595,445 shares. The 2021 ESPP Plan became effective immediately following the Closing. As of December 31, 2021, no shares have been issued under the 2021 Plan. The Company has an outstanding liability pertaining to any suchthe ESPP of $0.1 million as of December 31, 2021, included in accrued expenses, for employee contributions to the 2021 ESPP Plan, pending issuance or deemed issuance) so thatat the end of the offering period.
Options and Restricted Stock Award Activity
The following table sets forth the summary of options and RSA activity, under the Legacy Stock Plans, for the year ended December 31, 2021. RSAs were an immaterial portion of activity for the period:
(in thousands, except share-based data)Total OptionsWeighted- Average Exercise Price Per ShareWeighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 20207,422,995 $0.20 8.49$130,564 
Vested exercised(1,535,804)$17,487 
Forfeitures(1,830,842)
Outstanding as of December 31, 20214,056,349 $0.27 7.34$15,825 
Exercisable as of December 31, 20212,649,701 $0.26 7.20$10,379 
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 20214,056,349 $0.27 7.34$15,825 
The intrinsic value of options exercisable as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $10.4 million and $55.6 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, there was a total of $0.8 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.77 years.
F-22

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 11. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) and Stock-based Compensation (cont.)
The assumptions used under the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model and weighted average fair value of options on the grant date are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
20212020
Expected term (in years)N/A5.03 – 6.23
Risk-free interest rateN/A0.27% – 1.36%
Expected volatilityN/A34.00% – 51.78%
Dividend yieldN/A0.00%
Fair value on grant dateN/A$0.32 – $4.70
Restricted Stock Unit Activity
The following table sets forth the summary of RSU activity, under the 2021 Plan, for the year ended December 31, 2021:
SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (i.e. share price)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2020— 0
Granted3,260,729 $10.87 
Vested(433,188)$10.91 
Forfeited(28,288)$10.91 
Outstanding as of December 31, 20212,799,253 $10.87 
As of December 31, 2021 there was a total of $28.1 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.14 years. Outstanding unvested and expected to vest RSUs had an intrinsic value of $11.7 million and a weighted average contractual term of 3.14 years as of December 31, 2021.
F-23

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 11. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) and Stock-based Compensation (cont.)
Stock-based Compensation
The following table sets forth the stock-based compensation under the Legacy and 2021 Plans by expense type:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)20212020
Research and development expenses$2,341 $187 
Selling, general and administrative expenses16,111 2,584 
Total$18,452 $2,771 
The following table sets forth the stock-based compensation under the Legacy and 2021 Plans by award type:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)20212020
Legacy Options & RSAs$11,271 $2,771 
RSUs7,091 — 
ESPP20 — 
Performance Awards70 — 
Total$18,452 $2,771 
Performance Awards
Performance awards under the 2021 Plan are accounted for as liability-classified awards, as the obligations are typically a fixed monetary amount which is settled on a future date in a variable number of shares of Class Athe Company’s common stock issuable upon conversionstock. The variable number of allpotentially settled shares is not limited. Performance awards are measured at their fair value based on management’s estimates of Class B common stock will equal, in the aggregate, on an as-converted basis, 20%potential outcomes of the sum of the total number of allperformance. Outstanding performance awards correspond to 16,746 shares of common stock outstanding upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering (not including the shares of Class A common stock underlying the Placement Units) plus all shares of Class A common stock and equity-linked securities issued or deemed issued in connection with a Business Combination (excluding any shares or equity-linked securities issued, or to be issued, to any seller in a Business Combination, any private placement-equivalent warrants issued, or to be issued, to any seller in a Business Combination, any private placement equivalent securities issued to the Sponsor or its affiliates upon conversion of loans made to the Company).

Warrants— Public Warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares. No fractional warrants will be issued upon separation of the Units and only whole warrants will trade. The Public Warrants will become exercisableif they were settled on the later of (a) 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination or (b) 12 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering. The Public Warrants will expire five years after the completion of a Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Company will not be obligated to deliver any shares of Class A common stock pursuant to the exercise of a warrant and will have no obligation to settle such warrant exercise unless a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the shares of Class A common stock underlying the warrants is then effective and a prospectus relating thereto is current, subject to the Company satisfying its obligations with respect to registration. No warrant will be exercisable and the Company will not be obligated to issue shares of Class A common stock upon exercise of a warrant unless Class A common stock issuable upon such warrant exercise has been registered, qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the registered holder of the warrants.

The Company has agreed that as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 15 business days after the closing of a Business Combination, the Company will use its best efforts to file with the SEC a registration statement covering the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants, to cause such registration statement to become effective and to maintain a current prospectus relating to those shares of Class A common stock until the warrants expire or are redeemed, as specified in the warrant agreement. If a registration statement covering the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants is not effective by the 60th business day after the closing of a Business Combination, warrant holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and during any period when the Company will have failed to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise warrants on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act or another exemption.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a registration statement covering the Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants is not effective within a specified period following the consummation of a Business Combination, warrant holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and during any period when the Company shall have failed to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise warrants on a cashless basis pursuant to the exemption provided by Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, provided that such exemption is available. If that exemption, or another exemption, is not available, holders will not be able to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis.

Once the warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the Public Warrants:

in whole and not in part;
at a price of $0.01 per warrant;
upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption; and
if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the Company’s Class A common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending three business days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.

If and when the warrants become redeemable by the Company, the Company may not exercise its redemption right if the issuance of shares of common stock upon exercise of the warrants is not exempt from registration or qualification under applicable state blue sky laws or the Company is unable to effect such registration or qualification.

December 31, 2021.

Stock Option Modifications

If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the warrant agreement. The exercise price and number of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the warrants will not be adjusted for issuance of Class A common stock at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrants. If the Company is unable to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period and the Company liquidates the funds held in the Trust Account, holders of warrants will not receive any of such funds with respect to their warrants, nor will they receive any distribution from the Company’s assets held outside of the Trust Account with the respect to such warrants. Accordingly, the warrants may expire worthless.

In addition, if (x) the Company issues additional shares of Class A common stock or equity-linked securities for capital raising purposes

On August 31, 2021, in connection with the closingresignation of a Business Combination at an issue price or effective issue priceone of less than $9.20 per share of Class A common stock (with such issue price or effective issue price to be determined in good faith by the Company’s board of directors and,former officers, the Company modified the former officer’s outstanding awards, which resulted in the casevesting of any such issuance to the Sponsor or its affiliates, without taking into account any Founder Shares held by the Sponsor or such affiliates, as applicable, prior to such issuance) (the “Newly Issued Price”), and (y) the aggregate gross proceeds from such issuances represent more than 60% of the total equity proceeds, and interest thereon, availableoptions for the funding of a Business Combination on the date of the consummation of a Business Combination (net of redemptions), and (z) the volume weighted average trading price of the shares of Class A common stock during the 20 trading day period starting on the trading day prior to the day on which the Company consummates a Business Combination (such price, the “Market Value”) is below $9.20 per share, the273,571 shares. The modified option awards have an exercise price of $0.28 per share, expected term of 6.25 years, a risk-free rate of 0.86%, expected volatility of 97% and no expected dividends. This Type III modification resulted in a remeasured fair value of $10.91 per share. The incremental compensation related to the warrants will be adjusted (toaccelerated options totaled $2.9 million.
On May 22, 2021, in connection with the nearest cent) to be equal to 115%resignation of one of the higherCompany’s former directors, the Company modified the former director’s outstanding award, which resulted in the vesting of options for 205,618 shares. The modified option award has an exercise price of $0.28 per share, expected term of one year, a risk-free rate of 0.04%, expected volatility of 65% and no expected dividends. This Type III modification resulted in a remeasured fair value of $10.78 per share. The incremental compensation related to the accelerated options totaled $2.2 million.
On January 25, 2021, in connection with the resignation of the Market Value andCompany’s former Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), Mikhail Kokorich, the Newly Issued Price, andCompany modified his outstanding awards, which resulted in the $18.00vesting of options for 261,070 shares. The modified option awards have exercise prices ranging from $0.04 to $0.28 per share, redemption trigger price will be adjusted (to the nearest cent)an expected term of one year, a risk-free interest rate of 0.10%, an expected volatility of 78% and no expected dividends. This Type III modification resulted in a remeasured fair values ranging from $20.67 to be equal to 180% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price.

$20.91 per share. The Placement Warrants are identicalincremental compensation related to the Public Warrants underlyingaccelerated options totaled $5.4 million.

401(k) Plan
The Company has a 401(k) plan that it offers to its full-time employees. The Company did not contribute to the Units soldplan for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
F-24

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 11. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) and Stock-based Compensation (cont.)
Income (Loss) Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share:
Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per ShareYear Ended
December 31,
(in thousands, except share-based data)20212020
Numerator:
Net income (loss)$120,654 $(307,027)
Denominator:
Denominator for basic net income (loss) per share -weighted average shares outstanding65,177,87362,643,121
Dilutive options outstanding5,438,952
Dilutive warrants outstanding301,952
Denominator for diluted net income (loss) per share - adjusted weighted average shares outstanding70,918,777 62,643,121 
Net income (loss) per share - diluted$1.70 $(4.90)
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) for the period by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing undistributed earnings allocated to common stockholders for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, plus the dilutive effect of outstanding preferred shares, dilutive options and unvested stock units, and warrants outstanding pursuant to the treasury stock method.
For the year ended December 31, 2020 the Company incurred a net loss and as a result excluded certain outstanding options, unvested stock units, and warrants that would have been anti-dilutive, totaling 21,787,929 shares. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company had net income but there were 22,927,491 shares attributable to anti-dilutive warrants and unvested stock units in the Initial Public Offering, exceptperiod, which were excluded (see Note 2).
Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies
Purchase Obligations
Momentus enters into purchase obligations in the normal course of business. These obligations include purchase orders and agreements to purchase goods or services that the Placement Warrantsare enforceable, legally binding, and the Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Placement Warrants will not be transferable, assignable or salable until 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination, subject to certain limited exceptions. Additionally, the Placement Warrants will be exercisable on a cashless basishave significant terms and be non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Placement Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Placement Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.

NOTE 8. INCOME TAX

The Company’s net deferred tax assets are as follows:

  December 31, 2019
Deferred tax asset  
Organizational costs/Startup expenses $24,483 
Total deferred tax asset  24,483 
Valuation allowance  (24,483)
Deferred tax asset, net of allowance $—   


The income tax provision consists of the following:

  For the period from May 28, 2019 (inception) through December 31, 2019
Federal  
Current $47,567 
Deferred  (24,483)
     
State    
Current $—   
Deferred  —   
Change in valuation allowance  24,483 
Income tax provision $47,567 

minimum purchases stipulated. As of December 31, 2019,2021, the Company’s future unconditional purchase obligations are as follows:

(in thousands)
2022$10,216 
202311,300 
2024— 
2025— 
2026— 
Thereafter— 
Total$21,516 
Legal Proceedings
Securities Class Actions
On July 15, 2021, a purported stockholder of SRAC filed a putative class action complaint against SRAC, SRC-NI Holdings, LLC ("Sponsor"), Brian Kabot (SRAC CEO), James Norris (SRAC CFO), Momentus, and the Company's co-founder and former CEO, Mikhail Kokorich, in the United States District Court for the Central District of
F-25

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies (cont.)
California, in a case captioned Jensen v. Stable Road Acquisition Corp., et al., No. 2:21-cv-05744 (the "Jensen class action"). The complaint alleges that the defendants omitted certain material information in their public statements and disclosures regarding the Proposed Transaction, in violation of the securities laws, and seeks damages on behalf of a putative class of stockholders who purchased SRAC stock between October 7, 2020 and July 13, 2021.
On July 22, 2021 and August 4, 2021, purported stockholders of SRAC filed putative class action complaints against SRAC, SRC-NI Holdings, LLC, Brian Kabot, James Norris, Momentus, and Mikhail Kokorich in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, in cases captioned Hall v. Stable Road Acquisition Corp., et al., No. 2:21-cv-05943 (the "Hall class action") and Depoy v. Stable Road Acquisition Corp., et al., No. 2:21-cv-06287 (the "Depoy class action"). The allegations in the Hall and Depoy class actions are substantially the same as the allegations in the Jensen class action (collectively, referred to as the "securities class actions") and the purported class period is identical. On October 20, 2021, the securities class actions were consolidated in the first filed matter. Other, similar suits may follow.
On November 12, 2021, Lead Plaintiff Hartmut Haenisch filed an Amended Consolidated Class Action Complaint (the “Amended Complaint”) against SRAC, Sponsor, Brian Kabot, Juan Manuel Quiroga, James Norris, James Hofmockel, Momentus, Mikhail Kokorich, Dawn Harms, and Fred Kennedy. Ms. Harms and Mr. Kennedy, and others, were added as defendants in the Amended Complaint. The Amended Complaint alleges that the defendants made certain material misrepresentations, and omitted certain material information, in their public statements and disclosures regarding the Proposed Transaction, in violation of the securities laws, and seeks damages on behalf of a putative class of stockholders who purchased SRAC stock between October 7, 2020 and July 13, 2021. On February 14, 2022, Momentus filed a motion to dismiss the Amended Complaint. Momentus disputes the allegations in the Amended Complaint and intends to vigorously defend the litigation.
These securities class actions and other such litigation matters may be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and resources, cause the Company didto incur significant defense and settlement costs or liability, even if we believe the claims asserted against us are without merit. We intend to vigorously defend against all such claims. Because of the potential risks, expenses and uncertainties of litigation, as well as claims for indemnity from various of the parties concerned, we may from time to time, settle disputes, even where we believe that we have meritorious claims or defenses. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable, further compounded by various claims for indemnity which may or may not be fully insured, we cannot assure that the results of these actions, either individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.
SEC Settlement and CFIUS Review
On January 24, 2021, the Company received a subpoena from the Division of Enforcement of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("Division of Enforcement") requesting documents regarding the Registration Statement on Form S-4 and Amendment No. 1 thereto 1 (the "Registration Statement") filed by SRAC in connection with the Business Combination. The Company entered into a settlement with the SEC on July 8, 2021. As a result of the settlement, in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies, the Company paid a fine of $2.0 million and recorded a liability of $5.0 million in other current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, due one year from the settlement date in July 2022.
In February 2021, the Company and Mr. Kokorich, with support from SRAC, submitted a joint notice to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States ("CFIUS") for review of the historical acquisition of interests in the Company by Mr. Kokorich, his wife, and entities that they control in response to concerns of the U.S. Department of Defense regarding the Company’s foreign ownership and control. On June 8, 2021, U.S. Departments of Defense and the Treasury, on behalf of CFIUS, Mr. Kokorich, on behalf of himself and Nortrone Finance S.A. (an entity controlled by Mr. Kokorich), Lev Khasis and Olga Khasis, each in their respective individual capacities and on behalf of Brainyspace LLC (an entity controlled by Olga Khasis) entered into a National Security Agreement (the "NSA"). In accordance with the NSA, Mr. Kokorich, Nortrone Finance S.A., Lev Khasis and his wife Olga Khasis, and Brainyspace LLC fully divested all the Company’s securities beneficially owned by them by selling the securities back to the Company, with the Company payment in full for such securities on August 26, 2021. Pursuant to the NSA, a portion of those divestment proceeds were placed in escrow accounts, and may not be released to the divested investors until after completion of audit by a third party auditor of the investors compliance with the NSA and the lapse of a 15 day period without an objection from the CFIUS Monitoring Agencies. As a subsequent event, the remaining proceeds were released from escrow to the divested investors, see Note 15. The NSA establishes
F-26

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies (cont.)
various requirements and restrictions on the Company to protect national security, certain of which may materially and adversely affect the Company’s operating results due to the cost of compliance, limitations on the Company’s control over certain U.S. facilities, contracts, personnel, vendor selection and operations, and any potential penalties for noncompliance with such requirements and restrictions. The NSA provides for quarterly compliance auditing by an independent auditor. The NSA further provides for liquidated damages up to $1.0 million per breach of the NSA. If the CFIUS monitoring agencies, the U.S. Departments of Defense and Treasury, find noncompliance, the CFIUS monitoring agencies could impose penalties, including liquidated damages.
The Company had incurred legal expenses of approximately $7.5 millionduring the year ended December 31, 2021 and expects to continue to incur legal expenses related to these matters in the future.
Other Litigation and Related Matters
From time to time, the Company may be a party to litigation and subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business on in connection with the matters discussed above. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company currently believes that the final outcome of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on its business. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of judgment, defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. At each reporting period, the Company evaluates whether or not a potential loss amount or a potential range of loss is probable and reasonably estimable under ASC 450, Contingencies. Legal fees are expensed as incurred.
Note 13. Income Taxes
The following table presents the components of pre-tax income (loss) for the years ended:
(in thousands)20212020
US$120,656 $(307,026)
Total$120,656 $(307,026)
The following are the components of the provision for income taxes for the years ended:
(in thousands)20212020
Current:
State$$
Income tax provision$$
The following is a reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate for the years ended:
(in thousands)20212020
Tax provision (benefit) at U.S. statutory rate25,338 21.0 %(64,475)21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit(8,446)(7.0)%(3,152)1.0 %
Non-deductible expenses3,426 2.8 %56,588 (18.4)%
Change in value of equity instruments(51,790)(42.9)%— — %
Deferred adjustments171 0.1 %(1)— %
Research and development credits(1,333)(1.1)%(1,070)0.3 %
Uncertain tax positions336 0.3 %268 (0.1)%
Change in valuation allowance32,300 26.8 %11,843 (3.9)%
Effective Rate— %— %

F-27

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 13. Income Taxes (cont.)
The tax effects of temporary differences and state net operating loss carryovers available to offset future taxable income.

related deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

(in thousands)December 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
Deferred tax assets:
Capitalized research and development credits16,473 567 
Start-up and Organization Costs15,311 4,280 
Net operating loss carryforwards10,350 8,812 
Research and development credits3,758 2,340 
Operating lease obligations2,381 91 
Stock-based compensation1,457 171 
Warrants893 889 
Accrued expenses and reserves$1,070 $504 
Property and equipment586 289 
Intangibles26 14 
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance52,305 17,957 
Valuation allowance(50,168)(17,869)
Total deferred tax assets$2,137 $88 
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Operating lease right-of-use assets$(2,137)$(88)
Other$— $— 
Total deferred tax liabilities$(2,137)$(88)
Net deferred tax assets$— $— 
In assessing the realizationrealizability of the deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion ofor all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realizationAs a result of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generationa history of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences representing net future deductible amounts become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable incomelosses and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. After consideration of all of the information available, management believes that significant uncertainty exists with respectuncertainties as to future realization ofprofitability, the deferred tax assets and has therefore establishedCompany recorded a full valuation allowance. Forallowance against its deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance for the period from May 28, 2019 (inception)years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $(50.2) million and $(17.9) million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had federal and state net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of $38.9 million and $30.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had federal and state NOL carryforwards of $23.4 million and $4.0 million, respectively. While the federal NOLs can be carried forward indefinitely, California NOLs begin to expire in the year ending December 31, 2038. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had federal and California research and development credit carryforwards of $2.9 million and $2.7 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had federal and California research and development credit carryforwards of $1.5 million and $1.7 million, respectively.
ASC Topic No. 740-10 requires companies to determine whether it is “more likely than not” that a tax position will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authorities before any tax benefit can be recorded in the consolidated financial statements. It also provides guidance on the recognition, measurement, classification and interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits:
(in thousands)Gross unrecognized tax benefits
Balance as of December 31, 2020$780 
Increases related to prior tax positions(62)
Increases related to current tax positions535 
Balance as of December 31, 2021$1,253 
F-28

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 13. Income Taxes (cont.)
The Company’s policy is to record estimated interest and penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes or unrecognized tax benefits as a component of its income tax provision. The Company has not recorded any interest or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits through December 31, 2019,2021.
In the change innormal course of business, the valuation allowance was $24,483.

A reconciliation of the federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate for the period from May 28, 2019 (inception) through December 31, 2019 is as follows:

Statutory federal income tax rate21.0%
State taxes, net of federal tax benefit0.0%
Change in valuation allowance22.3%
Income tax provision43.3%

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and is subject to examination by federal and state jurisdictions where applicable based on the various taxing authorities.

NOTE 9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

statue of limitations that apply in each jurisdiction. The tax return years 2017 through 2020 remain open to examination. The Company classifies its U.S. Treasury and equivalent securities as held-to-maturity in accordance with ASC Topic 320 “Investments - Debt and Equity Securities.” Held-to-maturity securities are those securitiesis not currently under audit by the taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject.

The Company performed IRC Section 382 study for year-ended December 31, 2021. In its study, the Company identified two changes to the ownership, resulting the limitation of the net operating loses. The first change of ownership occurred on November 1, 2018 and the second change of ownership occurred on June 8, 2021. In it's study of section 382, the Company identified that there were limitations to NOLs, however, none of the NOLs will expire utilized.
The Company does not anticipate any material change in its unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months.
The Company is in a start-up phase and has no revenue recognized relating to commercial operations as of December 31, 2021. Under section 195(b), all the abilityexpenses other than research and intent to hold until maturity. Held-to-maturity treasury securities are recorded atdevelopment, taxes and interest income and interest expense must be capitalized and amortized costfrom the date the Company starts active trade or business. As of December 31, 2021, and 2020, section 195(b) costs accumulated an ending gross deferred tax asset of $54.5 million and $15.3 million, respectively.
The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (“Topic 842” or “ASC 842”) on January 1, 2020, recognizing all leases, including operating leases, with a term of over twelve months on the accompanying balance sheets and adjusted fordisclosing key information about leasing transactions. At the amortization or accretionend of premiums or discounts.

At December 31, 2019, assets held in the Trust Account were comprised of $873 in cash2021, total deferred tax asset and $172,845,138 in U.S. Treasury Securities. During the period from May 28, 2019 (inception) through December 31, 2019, the Company did not withdraw any interest incomedeferred tax liability from the Trust Account.

3 leases is $2.4 million and $(2.1) million respectively.

The gross holding gains and fair value of held-to-maturity securities at December 31, 2019 are as follows:

  Held-To-Maturity Amortized Cost Gross
Holding
Gains
 Fair Value
December 31, 2019 U.S. Treasury Securities (Mature on 5/14/2020) $172,845,138  $13,410  $172,858,548 

The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflects management’s estimate of amounts that the Company would have received in connection with the sale of the assets or paid in connection with the transfer of the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In connection with measuring the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company seeksU.S. federal government responded to maximize the use of observable inputs (market data obtained from independent sources) and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs (internal assumptions about how market participants would price assets and liabilities). The following fair value hierarchy is used to classify assets and liabilities based on the observable inputs and unobservable inputs used in order to value the assets and liabilities:

Level 1:Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for an asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
Level 2:Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs. Examples of Level 2 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities and quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.
Level 3:Unobservable inputs based on our assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

NOTE 10. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date up to the date that the financial statements were issued.

Management is currently evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on March 18, 2020 by enacting the industryFamilies First Coronavirus Response Act (“FFCRA”) and has concluded that while iton March 27, 2020, the CARES Act. In addition to the deferral of the payment of certain payroll taxes until December 31, 2021 and 2022 noted above, the CARES Act amends the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017 by modifying the amount of allowable interest expense deductions, allowing five-year carryback of net operating losses, and characterizing qualified improvement property as 15-year property eligible for bonus depreciation. The Company plans to avail itself of all applicable credits and deferrals, and continues to assess the impact the CARES Act may have on the business, however the FFCRA or the CARES Act is reasonably possible that the virus couldnot expected to have a negative effectmaterial impact on the Company’s financial position,condition, results of operations or liquidity.

August 12, 2021, the Company completed the Business Combination described in Note 1.The transaction is treated as tax-free merger under IRC Section 368.
Note 14. Related Party Transactions
The Company entered into a, now-terminated, consulting and technology development agreement with an entity in which the Company’s former CEO has a material interest. Payments made to the entity totaled $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, respectively. There were no payments to the entity during the year ended December 31, 2021.
In March 2020, Brainyspace LLC, an entity affiliated with Lev Khasis, a co-founder of the Company, contributed 2,467,415 shares of common stock back to the Company. In conjunction with the contribution, the Company agreed that if it re-hires Mr. Khasis within a specified time period, that he will receive an option to purchase 1,233,707 shares, subject to the approval of the Board. The Company has determined it will not re-hire Mr. Khasis so it will not be obligated to issue the option.
Note 15. Subsequent Events
Term Loan extended repayment
On January 29, 2022, the Company exercised its operations and/or searchoption to pay back the Term Loan over 24 months. Principal payments under the amended schedule begin on March 1, 2022 and end on February 1, 2024. Additional interest
F-29

MOMENTUS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 15. Subsequent Events (cont.)
expense expected over the course of the extended payment schedule is approximately $3.2 million. Refer to Note 10 for more information related to the Term Loan.
Resignation of Company officer
On January 3, 2022, Fred Kennedy, the President of the Company, tendered his resignation, effective January 21, 2022. On February 9, 2022, the Company and Dr. Kennedy signed a target company, the specific impact is not readily determinableseparation agreement which, in addition to customary releases and covenants, stipulated two cash payments totaling $0.35 million. The first payment, $0.25 million, was made on February 16, 2022. The second payment remains unpaid as of the reporting date, but will be paid no later than April 1, 2022, in accordance with the agreement.
Payment of funds held in escrow to Co-Founders
The Co-Founders were divested through the sale of their shares in Momentus in June 2021, with payments contingent on the Business Combination paid in August 2021, and a portion of the divestment proceeds placed in escrow to allow the CMAs to assess compliance with the NSA before the release of the balance of the funds. Pursuant to the NSA divestment procedure provisions, a third party auditor conducted an audit of the investors’ NSA compliance and, following the audit, all of the escrowed divestment proceeds were released to the Co-Founders as of March 1, 2022 in accordance with the NSA.
F-30

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, that company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the year ended December 31, 2021. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
This annual report does not include a report of management’s assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting or an attestation report of the Company's registered public accounting firm due to a transition period established by rules of the SEC for newly public companies.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as described in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended December 31, 2021 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Our Corporate Governance Guidelines, the charters for our Audit, Compensation, Disclosure, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees and our Code of Conduct covering all employees, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officers, are available on our website, investors.momentus.space, under the "Governance – Governance Overview" caption. A print copy of any of these documents will be mailed upon a written request made by a stockholder to the Corporate Secretary, Momentus Inc., 3901 N. First Street, San Jose, California, 95134. We intend to disclose any amendments to or waivers of the Code of Conduct on behalf of our principal financial officer, principal financial officer and persons performing similar functions on our website, at investors.momentus.space, promptly following the date of these financial statements.  any such amendment or waiver
The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result frominformation required by this item will be set forth under the outcomecaptions “Election of Directors,” “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” and “Board Matters” in the definitive Proxy Statement for our Annual Meeting of Stockholders in 2022 (the "2022 Proxy Statement") and is incorporated by reference herein.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this uncertainty.

item will be set forth under the captions “Executive Compensation,” and "Corporate Governance” in the 2022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference herein.

69


Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this item will be set forth under the captions “Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans” and “Voting Securities and Principal Stockholders” in the 2022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference herein.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this item will be set forth under the captions “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” and “Board Matters” in the 2022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference herein.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this item will be set forth under the caption “Independent Public Accountants” in the 2022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference herein.
PART IV
Item 15.Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Exhibit NumberDescription of Exhibit
2.1*
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
4.3**
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5†
10.6†
10.7†
70

10.8†
10.9†
10.10†
10.11†
10.12
10.13
10.14†
10.15
10.16†
10.17†
10.18†
21.1
23.1**
24.1Power of Attorney (filed as part of the signature page)
31.1**
31.2**
32.1**
32.2**
101.INSXBRL Instance Document.
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL).
__________
**To be filed by amendment.
**Previously filed.
Certain of the exhibits and schedules to this Exhibit List have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(a)(5). The Registrant agrees to furnish a copy of all omitted exhibits and schedules to the SEC upon its request.
71

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
72

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrantregistrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

authorized
March 26, 2020STABLE ROAD ACQUISITION CORP.
MOMENTUS INC.
Date: March 8, 2022By:/s/ Brian KabotJohn C. Rood
Name:

Name: Brian Kabot

John C. Rood
Title:Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive

Date: March 8, 2022By:/s/ Jikun Kim
Name:Jikun Kim
Title:Chief Financial Officer)

POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Jikun Kim as his or her attorney-in-fact, with the power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact, or his substitute, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,1933, this reportRegistration Statement has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

NamePositionDate
SignatureTitleDate
/s/ Brian KabotJohn C. RoodChief Executive Officer and DirectorMarch 26, 20208, 2022
Brian KabotJohn C. Rood(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ James NorrisJikun KimChief Financial OfficerMarch 26, 20208, 2022
James NorrisJikun Kim(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ Brian KabotDirectorMarch 8, 2022
/s/ Marc LehmannBrian KabotDirectorMarch 26, 2020
Marc Lehmann/s/ Chris HadfieldDirectorMarch 8, 2022
Chris Hadfield
/s/ Kellen O’KeefeKimberly A. ReedDirectorMarch 26, 20208, 2022
Kellen O’KeefeKimberly A. Reed

/s/ James Hofmockel

Linda J. Reiners

Director

March 26, 2020

8, 2022
James HofmockelLinda J. Reiners

/s/ Ann Kono

Mitchel B. Kugler

Director

March 26, 2020

8, 2022
Ann KonoMitchel B. Kugler
/s/ Vic MercadoDirectorMarch 8, 2022
Vic Mercado

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73