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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
ý☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20182020
Or
¨☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                  to                 
Commission file number 001-35817
CANCER GENETICS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
04-3462475
Delaware
04-3462475
(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)
201 Route 17 North 2nd Floor
Rutherford, NJ 07070
(201) 528-9200
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per shareCGIXNASDAQ Capital Market
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
 

Indicate by check if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ¨☐    No  ý☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes:  ¨☐    No:  ý☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes:  ý☒    No:  ¨☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website; if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes:  ý☒    No:  ¨☐
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form  10-K.  ý
Indicate by check mark ifwhether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitionthe definitions of “large accelerated filer”,filer,” “accelerated filer” andfiler,” “smaller reporting company”company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one):Act.
 
Large accelerated filer¨☐Accelerated filer¨☐
Non-accelerated filer
¨  (do not check if a smaller reporting company)
☒		Smaller reporting companyý☒
Emerging growth company¨☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes:  ¨☐    No:  ý☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $20.6$6.6 million on June 30, 2018,2020, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, based on the closing price of $0.89$3.03 on that date.

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common equity, as of March 27, 2019:
26, 2021:
ClassNumber of Shares
Common Stock, $.0001 par value56,276,22211,007,186


Documents incorporated by reference


PortionsNone.



Table of the registrant’s proxy statement for the 2019 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K.Contents



TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I1.
2
1A.
17
1B.
32
2.
32
3.
33
4.
33
PART II5.
34
6.
34
7.
35
7A.
46
8.
47
9.
80
9A.
80
9B.
81
PART III10.
82
11.
84
12.
88
13.
89
14.
90
PART IV15.
92
16.
94

Table of Contents
PART I 1. 
Business
 
2
  1A. 
Risk Factors
 
33
  1B. 
Unresolved Staff Comments
 
67
  2. 
Properties
 
67
  3. 
Legal Proceedings
 
68
  4. 
Mine Safety Disclosures
 
68
PART II 5. 
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
69
  6. 
Selected Financial Data
 
69
  7. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
71
  7A. 
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
82
  8. 
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
 
84
  9. 
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
 
117
  9A. 
Controls and Procedures
 
117
  9B. 
Other Information
 
118
PART III 10. 
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
 
119
  11. 
Executive Compensation
 
119
  12. 
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
 
119
  13. 
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
 
119
  14. 
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
 
119
PART IV 15. 
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
 
120
  16. 
Form 10-K Summary
 
122


SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “predicts,” “potential,” or the negative of those terms, and similar expressions and comparable terminology intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect ourthe Company's current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties including those set forth below and under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in this annual report on Form 10-K. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements represent ourthe Company's estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this annual report on Form 10-K and, except as required by law, we undertakethe Company undertakes no obligation to update or review publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after the date of this annual report on Form 10-K. You should read this annual report on Form 10-K and the documents referenced in this annual report on Form 10-K and filed as exhibits completely and with the understanding that ourthe Company's actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualifythe Company expects. The Company qualifies all of ourits forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. Such statements may include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the following:

our•the expected benefits of, and potential value, including synergies, created by, the proposed merger transaction between the Company and StemoniX, Inc. (“StemoniX”) for the stockholders of CGI;
•likelihood of the satisfaction of certain conditions to the completion of the merger with StemoniX, and whether and when the merger will be consummated;
•CGI’s ability to control and correctly estimate its operating expenses and its expenses associated with the StemoniX merger;
•the Company’s ability to adapt its business for future developments in light of the global outbreak of COVID-19, which continues to rapidly evolve;
•the Company’s ability to achieve profitability by increasing sales of our laboratory tests and services and to continually develop and commercialize novel and innovative laboratory tests andthe Company’s preclinical CRO services focused on oncology and immuno-oncology;
our•the Company’s ability to extend, and amend the financial covenants in our existing credit agreements and raise additional capital to meet ourits long term liquidity needs;
our ability to improve efficiency of billing and collection processes;
with respect to Clinical Services, our ability to obtain reimbursement from governmental and other third-party payors for our tests and services;
our•the Company’s ability to execute on ourits marketing and sales strategy for our tests andits preclinical research services and gain acceptance of our tests andits services in the market;
our•the Company’s ability to keep pace with rapidly advancing market and scientific developments;
our ability to realize anticipated benefits from •the vivoPharm, Pty Ltd. acquisition;
ourCompany’s ability to satisfy U.S. (including FDA) and international regulatory requirements with respect to our tests and services, many of which are new and still evolving;its services;
our•the Company’s ability to maintain ourits present customer base and obtain new customers;
our ability to clinically validate our pipeline of tests currently in development;
•competition from clinical laboratorypreclinical CRO services companies, tests currently available or new tests that may emerge;many of which are much larger than the Company in terms of employee base, revenues and overall number of customers and related market share;
our•the Company’s ability to maintain ourthe Company’s clinical and research collaborations and enter into new collaboration agreements with highly regarded organizations in the field of oncology so that, among other things, we havethe Company has access to thought leaders in the fieldadvanced preclinical and to a robust number of samples to validate our tests;translational science;
•potential product liability or intellectual property infringement claims;
our•the Company’s dependency on third-party manufacturers to supply or manufacture our tests;it with instruments and specialized supplies;
our•the Company’s ability to attract and retain a sufficient number of scientists, clinicians, sales personnel and other key personnel with extensive experience in oncology and immuno-oncology, who are in short supply;
our•the Company’s ability to obtain or maintain patents or other appropriate protection for the intellectual property in ourits proprietary tests and services;
our•the Company’s ability to effectively manage its international businesses in Australia and Europe, including the expansion of its customer base and volume of new contracts in these markets;
•the Company’s dependency on the intellectual property licensed to usthe Company or possessed by third parties; and
our ability to expand internationally and launch our tests and services in emerging markets, such as China and Japan; and
our•the Company’s ability to adequately support future growth.



Table of Contents
PART I
Summary of Risk Factors

Our business is subject to a number of risks, as fully described in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Annual Report. The principal factors and uncertainties include, among others:
•We may not realize the expected benefits of our merger with StemoniX, Inc. (“StemoniX”);

•The total number of shares of CGI Common Stock that StemoniX security holders will be entitled to receive pursuant to the Merger Agreement, in the aggregate, is not fully adjustable based on the market price of CGI common stock, so the merger consideration at the closing may have a greater value than at the time the Merger Agreement was signed;

•The post-merger company will need to raise additional capital by issuing securities or debt or through licensing arrangements, which may cause dilution to the post-merger company’s stockholders or restrict the post-merger company’s operations or proprietary rights. CGI and StemoniX have recurring losses from operations which in the past have raised substantial doubt regarding their respective abilities to continue as a going concern;

•The merger may be completed even though material adverse changes may result from the announcement of the merger, industry-wide changes or other causes;

•The lack of a public market for StemoniX shares makes it difficult to determine the fair market value of the StemoniX shares, and CGI may pay more than the fair market value of the StemoniX shares;

•If the conditions to the merger are not met, the merger may not occur;

•The COVID-19 (also referred to as novel coronavirus) outbreak, which has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization, has significantly and negatively impacted financial markets and economic conditions in the United States and globally. As a result, CGI’s operations have been, and may be further, negatively impacted;

•CGI is the target, and may in the future be the target, of securities class action and derivative lawsuits, which could result in substantial costs and may delay or prevent the completion of the merger;

•If the Company is unable to increase sales, the Company revenues will be insufficient to achieve profitability;

•The potential loss or delay of the Company’s large contracts or of multiple contracts could adversely affect results;

•The Company’s financial results may be adversely affected if it underprices contracts, overruns cost estimates or fails to receive approval for or experience delays in documenting change orders;

•There is a scarcity of experienced professionals in the Company’s industry. If the Company is not able to retain and recruit personnel with the requisite technical skills, the Company may be unable to successfully execute the business strategy;

•CGI’s business operations are more limited than prior to the sale of its Clinical Services business and the sale of its BioPharma Services business, and thus the costs of maintaining itself as a publicly traded corporation are proportionally higher as a percentage of total revenue and will be more burdensome to CGI going forward. If CGI is unable to increase sales, CGI’s revenues will be insufficient to achieve profitability;

•If CGI fails to perform the services in accordance with contractual requirements, regulatory standards and ethical considerations, CGI could be subject to significant costs or liability and CGI’s reputation could be harmed. A small number of customers account for most of the sales of CGI’s services. If any of these customers require fewer services from CGI for any reason, revenues could decline;

•If the Company’s laboratory facilities become damaged or inoperable, or the Company is required to vacate any facility, the ability to provide services may be jeopardized;

•The Company depends on information technology and telecommunications systems, and any failure of these systems could harm the Company’s business; and

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•The price of the Company’s common stock has been and could remain volatile, and the market price of common stock may decrease.

Item 1.Business.


The share numbers throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K reflect a 1-for-30 reverse stock split that the Company effected October 24, 2019.

Overview


We are an emerging leader in enabling precision medicine in oncology by providing multi-disciplinary diagnostic and data solutions, facilitating individualized therapies through our diagnostic tests, services and molecular markers. We develop, commercialize and provide molecular- and biomarker-based tests and services, including proprietary preclinical oncology and immuno-oncology services, that enable biotechCancer Genetics, Inc. (the “Company” or “CGI”) supports the efforts of the biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies engaged in oncology and immuno-oncology trialsindustries to better select candidate populations and reduce adversedevelop innovative new drug reactions by providing information regarding genomic and molecular factors influencing subject responses to therapeutics. Through our clinical services, we enable physicians to personalizetherapies. Following the clinical management of each individual patient by providing genomic information to better diagnose, monitor and inform cancer treatment. We have a comprehensive, disease-focused oncology testing portfolio, andBusiness Disposals, the Company currently has an extensive set of anti-tumor referenced data based on predictive xenograft and syngeneic tumor models. Our tests and techniques target a wide range of indications, covering all ten of the top cancers in prevalence in the United States, with additional unique capabilities offered by our FDA-cleared Tissue of Origin® test for identifying difficult to diagnose tumor types or poorly differentiated metastatic disease. Followingmodels from the acquisition of vivoPharm, Pty LtdLtd. (“vivoPharm”) we provide contract research services, focused primarily on unique specialized studies to guide drug discovery and development programs in the oncology and immuno-oncology fields.

We are currently executing a strategy of partnering with pharmaceutical and biotech companies and clinicians as oncology diagnostic specialists by supporting therapeutic discovery, development and patient care from bench to bedside. Pharmaceutical and biotech companies are increasingly attracted to work with us to provide molecular profiles on clinical trial participants. Similarly, we believe the oncology industry is undergoing a rapid evolution in its approach to diagnostic, prognostic and treatment outcomes (theranostic) testing, embracing precision testing and individualized medicine as a means to drive higher standards of patient treatment and disease management. These profiles may help identify biomarker and genomic variations that may be targetable for developing novel personalized therapeutics, or that may be responsible for differing responses to existing oncology therapies, thereby increasing the efficiency of trials while lowering costs. We believe tailored and combination therapies can revolutionize oncology care through molecular- and biomarker-based testing services, enabling physicians and researchers to target the factors that make each patient and disease unique.

We believe the next shift in cancer management will bring together testing capabilities for germline, or inherited mutations, and somatic mutations that arise in tissues over the course of a lifetime. We have created a unique position in the industry by providing both targeted somatic analysis of tumor sample cells alongside germline analysis of an individual's non-cancerous cells' molecular profile as we attempt to continue achieving milestones in precision medicine.

Cancer is genetically-driven and constitutes a diverse class of diseases with various causes, each characterized by abnormal and proliferative cell growth. Many types of cancers are becoming increasingly understood at a molecular level and it is possible to attribute specific cancers to identifiable genetic changes in these abnormal cells. Cancer cells contain modified genetic material compared to normal cells. Common genetic abnormalities correlated to cancer include gains or losses of genetic material (translocations) on specific chromosomal regions (loci) or changes in specific genes (mutations) that ultimately result in detrimental changes in molecular expression patterns and regular pathways followed by cancerous or pre-cancerous conditions. Understanding the differences in these changes supports clinicians to identify and stratify different forms of cancer in order to optimize patient treatment and patient management. Therefore, understanding and analysis of cancer at the molecular and pathway regulatory level is not only useful for diagnostic purposes, but we also believe it can play an important role in disease management and prognosis. We believe the technology we deploy can apply predictive information which has the potential to dramatically improve treatment outcomes for patients living with cancer. Our molecular- and biomarker-based tests for cancer aim to limit subjectivity from the diagnostic phase, and add prognostic information, thus enabling personalized treatments based on cancer analysis at its most essential level.

Our business is based on demand for molecular- and biomarker-based tests and services from three main sectors, including biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, cancer centers and hospitals, and the research community. Biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies engaged in designing and running clinical trials to determine the value and efficacy of oncology and immuno-oncology treatments and therapeutics continuously benefit from our services. We believe trial participants' likelihood of experiencing either favorable or adverse responses to the trial treatment may be influenced or dependent on genomic factors. Our testing services will increase trial efficiency, subject safety and trial success rates. Clinicians and oncologists in cancer centers and hospitals seek such testing since these methods produce higher value and more accurate cancer diagnostic information than traditional analytical methods. Our proprietary and unique disease-focused tests aim to provide actionable

information that can guide patient management decisions, potentially resulting in decreased costs for patients while streamlining therapy selection. We offer preclinical test systems supporting our clinical diagnostic and prognostic offerings at early stages, valued by pharmaceutical industry, biotechnology companies and academic research centers. In particular our preclinical development of biomarker detection methods, response to immuno-oncology directed novel treatments and early prediction of clinical outcome is supported by our extended portfolio of orthotopic, xenografts and syngeneic tumor test systems as a unique service offering in the immuno-oncology space.

With the acquisition of vivoPharm on August 15, 2017, we expanded our Discovery Service capabilities.2017. vivoPharm is a contract research organization (“CRO”) that specializes in planning and conducting unique, specialized studies to guide drug discovery and development programs with a concentration in oncology and immuno-oncology. These studies range from early compound selection to developing comprehensive sets of in vitro and in vivo data, as needed for FDA Investigational New Drug (“IND”) applications.

The Company offers preclinical services such as predictive tumor models, human orthotopic xenografts and syngeneic immuno-oncology relevant tumor models in its Hershey, PA facility, and is a leader in the field of immuno-oncology preclinical services in the United States. This service is supplemented with GLP toxicology and extended bioanalytical services in the Company’s Australian-based facilities in Clayton, Victoria, and Gilles Plains, South Australia (effective in February 2020).

Our business is based on demand for preclinical and discovery services from biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, academia and the research community. Biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies engaged in designing and running clinical trials to determine the safety and effectiveness of treatments and therapeutics continuously benefit from our services. In particular our preclinical development of biomarker detection methods, response to immuno-oncology directed novel treatments and early prediction of clinical outcome is supported by our extended portfolio of orthotopic, xenografts and syngeneic tumor test systems as a specialized service offering in the immuno-oncology space.

vivoPharm has developed industry recognized capabilities in early phase development and discovery, especially in immuno-oncology models, tumor micro-environment studies, and specialized pharmacology services and PDx (patient derived xenograft) model studies that support basic discovery, preclinical and phase 1 clinical trials. vivoPharm’s studies have been utilized to support over 250 IND submissions to date across a range of therapeutic indications, including lymphomas, leukemia, GI-cancers, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and other non-cancer rare diseases. vivoPharm is presently serving over 50 biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies across four continents in over 100 studies and trials with highly specialized development, clinical and preclinical research. Over the past 1517 years, vivoPharm has also generated an extensive library of human xenograft and syngeneic tumor models, including subcutaneous, orthotopic and metastatic models. vivoPharm offers servicesits expertise in assessment of safety, toxicology and bioanalytic services for small and bio-molecules.


With the acquisition, we added threeThe Company continues to leverage vivoPharm’s international locations, enablingpresence to access to additional global market opportunities. vivoPharm’s headquarters in Melbourne, VIC, Australia specializes in safety and toxicology studies, including mammalian, genetic and in vitro,, along with bioanalytical services including immune-analytical capabilities. The Company operates from multiple locations in Victoria and South Australia. vivoPharm’s U.S.-based laboratory, located at the Hershey Center for Applied Research in Hershey, Pennsylvania, primarily focuses on screening and efficacy testing for a wide range of pharmaceutical and chemical products. The third location, in Munich, Germany, hosts project management and marketingbusiness development personnel.


We execute on our market strategy by finding synergiesPending Merger with StemoniX

The Company, CGI Acquisition, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of CGI (“Merger Sub”), and alignment acrossStemoniX, Inc., a Minnesota corporation (“StemoniX”), have entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, as amended (the “Merger Agreement”), pursuant to which Merger Sub will merge (the “merger”) with and into StemoniX, with StemoniX surviving the three aforementioned industry groups to utilize relativelymerger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of CGI following the same technologies to deliver results-oriented information and insights which we believemerger. It is orexpected that the shareholders of StemoniX will become the majority owners of CGI’s outstanding common stock upon the closing of the merger. The Company has filed an effective registration statement on Form S-4, as amended, dated February 12, 2021, as supplemented by a proxy supplement filed on February 26, 2021, describing StemoniX and the terms of the Merger Agreement. The merger with StemoniX is subject to certain closing conditions including listing by Nasdaq, and no assurance can be given that the closing conditions will be satisfied or that the merger with StemoniX will occur.

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StemoniX develops and manufactures human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) based neural, cardiac and pancreatic screening platforms for drug discovery and development. Engineered from human skin and blood cells, iPSCs are made with in-licensed patented processes discovered by 2012 Nobel Prize recipient Dr. Shinya Yamanaka. StemoniX’s iPSC innovations are made from living human cells and have organ-like, or organoid, characteristics; referred to as microOrgans®. StemoniX has industrialized these microOrgans into standard multi-well plate formats that are sufficiently robust and reproducible to enable drug screening and optimization activities.

StemoniX combines its microOrgan platform with software analytics and augmented intelligence, referred to as AnalytiX™. StemoniX’s integrated approach provides a compelling value proposition to pharmaceutical companies and other entities because StemoniX enables standardized, high-throughput screening of drug candidates on complex human organoids prior to human clinical studies, mitigating or in some cases avoiding the inadequacies of testing in clonal cell lines or rodents. StemoniX and its customers and collaborators believe that StemoniX’s technologies will permit drug discovery in human disease areas that are difficult to address using current methodologies, accelerate preclinical drug discovery and development, reduce risk of clinical failure, predict with greater degrees of confidence and ultimately, reduce the cost of discovering new therapeutic agents.

StemoniX’s business model combines both collaborations with integrated pharmaceutical companies on the derivation and subsequent supply of iPSC-based disease models and screens, and internal drug discovery efforts to identify drug candidates for licensure or clinical development. In StemoniX’s disease model effort, StemoniX creates novel models per the specifications of its partners, then either sells microOrgan plates to them or performs Discovery as a Service (“DaaS”) on their behalf in its facilities. StemoniX strives to receive a mixture of upfront payments, including licensing fees, milestone-based fees, and ongoing royalty payments in addition to any charges for microOrgan plates and services. While the revenue from StemoniX’s disease model and screening activities represents an important component of its business, StemoniX’s long-term strategy is to leverage its iPSC technology to pursue partnered and wholly-owned drug discovery projects that yield higher value assets. In its current drug discovery efforts, StemoniX typically collaborates with a partner by pooling its expertise in iPSC biology and screening analytics with the partner’s medicinal chemistry capabilities.

StemoniX was incorporated in 2014 in Minnesota with headquarters in Maple Grove, Minnesota, and a research and development team located in La Jolla, California. StemoniX focuses on new iPSC differential protocols, plating procedures, and disease management. Ourexpansion techniques. StemoniX’s Maple Grove manufacturing facility focuses on the growth, differentiation, plating, and shipping of its microOrgan platforms in a highly standardized and rigorous process. The Maple Grove facility includes clean-room and biohazard safe environments to house its incubators, biological safety cabinets, liquid handling machines, refrigerators, and office space. Both facilities also have diagnostic equipment for quality control and assurance. The majority of StemoniX’s DaaS revenue is generated from its Maple Grove facility.

StemoniX is a development stage company, and it had net losses of $8.7 million (unaudited) and $9.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Historical Business and Key Strategic Divestitures

The Company was founded in 1999 to conduct critical research and development of innovative diagnostic tests for the benefit of helping physicians treat complicated cancer cases for patients with blood-borne disease. Upon becoming a publicly-traded company through an initial public offering in 2013, the Company completed a series of acquisitions which expanded the footprint of the business globally, and enlarged the Company’s capabilities to offer unique diagnostic tests and services addressto biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, and extended the limitationsCompany’s development and patient care expertise to solid tumor cancers. Until the consummation of traditional approaches to cancer therapeutics, including reliancethe Business Disposals (as defined below) in July 2019, the Company was focused on human inspection of specimens and interpretation of clinical measurements, and inter-institutional variability. Our suite of clinical and biopharma services aim to remove subjectivity from diagnoses and additionally provide information that may influence treatment selection that cannot be obtained from anatomic pathology and staining techniques alone. Our Discovery Services aim to accelerate the development of novel treatment candidates andenabling precision medicine in oncology. We believe the level of personalized treatment required to optimize a patient's treatment regimenoncology by providing multi-disciplinary diagnostic and to maximize clinical trial success rates may be significantly improveddata solutions, facilitating individualized therapies through the use of molecular-Company’s diagnostic tests, services and biomarker-based cancer characterization.molecular markers.


The following table lists our market strategy by customer category:

Customer CategoryTypes of CustomersNature of Services
Biopharma Services• Pharmaceutical and Biotech companies performing clinical trialsBiopharma Services provide companies with customized solutions for patient stratification and treatment selection through an extensive suite of molecular- and biomarker-based testing services, DNA- and RNA- extraction and customized assay development and trial design consultation.
Clinical Services
• Hospitals
• Cancer Centers
• Clinics
Clinical services provide information on diagnosis, prognosis and predicting treatment outcomes (theranosis) of cancers to guide patient management.
Discovery Services
• Pharmaceutical and Biotech companies
• Academic Institutions
• Government-Sponsored Research Institutions
Discovery services, including preclinical anti-tumor efficacy, GLP compliant toxicity studies, small molecular and biologics analytical services, provide the tools and testing methods for companies and researchers seeking to identify and to develop new compounds and molecular-based biomarkers for diagnostics and treatment of disease.


In 2018, we generated approximately 54% of our revenue from Biopharma Services, approximately 27% from Clinical Services and approximately 19% from Discovery Services. In 2017, we generated approximately 50% of our revenue from Biopharma Services, approximately 37% from Clinical Services and approximately 13% from Discovery Services, including the acquisition of vivoPharm in August of 2017.

We utilizeCompany utilized relatively the same proprietary and nonproprietary molecular diagnostic tests, laboratory developed tests (LDTs) and technologies across all of ourits service offerings to deliver results-oriented information important to cancer treatment and patient management. OurThe Company’s portfolio primarily includesincluded comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) microarrays, gene expression tests, next generation sequencing (NGS) panels, and DNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probes. We provide ourThe Company provided testing services from ourits Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (“CLIA”) - certified and College of American Pathologists (“CAP”) - accredited laboratories in Rutherford, NJ and Raleigh,Morrisville, NC. We offer

siParadigm, Inc.

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On July 5, 2019, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement (the “Clinical Agreement”) by and among the Company and siParadigm, LLC (“siParadigm”), pursuant to which the Company sold to siParadigm certain assets associated with the Company’s clinical laboratory business (the “Clinical Business,” and such assets, the “Designated Assets”) and agreed to cease operating the Clinical Business. The Designated Assets include intellectual property, equipment and customer lists associated with the Clinical Business, and for a period the Company was providing certain transitional services to siParadigm pursuant to the Clinical Agreement. The cash consideration paid by siParadigm at closing was approximately $747 thousand, which included a $1.0 million advance payment of an earn out, less adjustments and costs of approximately $253 thousand. The Clinical Business sale (together with the BioPharma Disposal, the “Business Disposals”) was completed on July 8, 2019.

Interpace Biosciences, Inc.

On July 15, 2019, the Company entered into a secured creditor asset purchase agreement (the “BioPharma Agreement”) by and among the Company, Gentris, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, Partners for Growth IV, L.P. (“PFG”), Interpace Biosciences, Inc. (formerly known as Interpace Diagnostics Group, Inc.) (“IDXG”) and a newly-formed subsidiary of IDXG, Interpace BioPharma, Inc. (“Buyer”). The BioPharma Agreement provided for a consensual private foreclosure sale by PFG of all assets relating to the Company’s BioPharma Business (as defined in the BioPharma Agreement) to Buyer (the “BioPharma Disposal”). The BioPharma Disposal was consummated on July 15, 2019.

Pursuant to the BioPharma Agreement, Buyer purchased from PFG certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of the Company relating to the BioPharma Business, providing as gross consideration $23.5 million, less certain closing adjustments totaling $2.0 million, of which $7.7 million was paid in the form of a promissory note issued by Buyer to the Company (the “Excess Consideration Note”) and the remainder was paid to PFG in cash. PFG utilized the cash proceeds to satisfy the outstanding balances of the Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) asset-based revolving line of credit (“ABL”) and the $6.0 million term note to PFG (“PFG Term Note”), and to satisfy certain transaction expenses. The balance of approximately $2.3 million  was delivered to the Company along with the Excess Consideration Note. The Excess Consideration Note was settled on October 24, 2019 for $6.0 million. The Buyer withheld from the settlement of the Excess Consideration Note approximately $775 thousand for a net worth adjustment (assets less liabilities) of the BioPharma business (“Net Worth”), $153 thousand to secure collection of certain older accounts receivable of the Company purchased by Buyer (“AR Holdback”) and an additional $735 thousand as security for indemnification obligations of the Company (“Indemnification Holdback”). The Company received the full amounts of the AR Holdback and the Indemnification Holdback in April and May 2020, respectively

The Company and Buyer also entered into a transition services agreement (the “TSA”) pursuant to which the Company and Buyer are providing certain services to each other to accommodate the transition of the BioPharma Business to Buyer. In particular, the Company agreed to provide to Buyer, among other things, certain personnel services, payroll processing, administration services and benefit administration services, for a period not to exceed six months from July 15, 2019, subject to the terms and conditions of the TSA, in exchange for payment or reimbursement, as applicable, by Buyer for the costs related thereto, including salaries and benefits for certain of the Company’s BioPharma employees during the transition period. The Buyer paid for certain costs of the Company under the TSA with respect to a limited number of employees and professionals. Such shared services amounted to $208 thousand and $186 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. In addition, the Buyer was reimbursing the Company, in part, for the salaries and benefits of John A. Roberts, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, and Glenn Miles, the Company’s former Chief Financial Officer through July 2020. The reimbursed portion of such salaries and benefits amounted to $155 thousand and $188 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Business Disposals have been classified as discontinuing operations in conformity with US GAAP. Accordingly, BioPharma and Clinical operations and balances have been reported as discontinuing operations and removed from all financial disclosures of continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

Continuing Operations

With the acquisition of vivoPharm on August 15, 2017, the Company enhanced its Discovery Services capabilities. The Company is currently executing a strategy of partnering with pharmaceutical and biotech companies, academic institutions and governmental research centers as oncology diagnostic specialists by supporting therapeutic discovery. The Company’s customers are increasingly attracted to working with it on preclinical development of biomarker detection methods, response to immuno-oncology directed novel treatments and early prediction of clinical outcomes which is supported by its extended portfolio of orthotopic, xenografts and syngeneic tumor test systems as a unique service offering in the immuno-oncology space.

Strategy
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The Company’s market strategy is to focus on developing innovative new drug discoveries in partnership with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and academic and governmental research facilities. The Company’s current Discovery Services include preclinical anti-tumor efficacy, GLP compliant toxicity studies and small and bio-molecule analytical services, and the Company provides the tools and testing methods for companies and researchers seeking to identify and to develop new compounds and molecular-based biomarkers for diagnostics and therapeutics. With the proposed merger with StemoniX, the Company will be able to extend its capabilities to include standardized, high-throughput screening of drug candidates on complex human organoids prior to human clinical studies, to de-risk translational decision making and accelerate the time it takes to identify both novel and repurposed compounds and bring relevant data to investigational new drug applications before regulatory agencies around the globe. By combining StemoniX’ microOrgan platform with software analytics and augmented intelligence, referred to as AnalytiX™, StemoniX’s integrated approach provides a compelling value proposition to pharmaceutical companies and for the combined companies own discovery programs.

The Company currently offers preclinical services such as predictive tumor models, human orthotopic xenografts and syngeneic immuno-oncology relevant tumor models in ourits Hershey, PA facility and continues to work toward being a leader in the field of immuno-oncology preclinical services in the United States. This service is supplemented with GLP toxicology and extended bioanalytical services in our Australian based facilityits Australian-based facilities in Bundoora, VIC.Clayton, VIC and Gilles Plains, SA.


In 2019, until the Business Disposals, the Company utilized relatively the same proprietary and nonproprietary molecular diagnostic tests and technologies across all of its service offerings outside of Discovery Services to deliver results-oriented information important to cancer treatment and patient management.

Market Overview


United States Clinical Oncology Market Overview


Despite many advances in the treatment of cancer, it remains one of the greatest areas of unmet medical need. In 2018,2019, the World Health Organization attributed 9.6 million deaths globally to cancer, which is about 1 in 6 deaths. Within the United States, cancer is the second most common cause of death, exceeded only by heart disease, accounting for nearly one out of every four deaths. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality estimated that the direct medical treatment costs of cancer in the United States for 2015 were $80.2 billion. The incidence, deaths and economic loss caused by cancer are staggering. The following table published by The American Cancer Society shows estimatedIn the United States in 2020, it is expected that in total there will be approximately 1.8 million new cancer cases diagnosed, which is the equivalent of approximately 4,950 new cases each day, according to the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) 2019 data. Although overall cancer death rates continue to decline, incidence rates are leveling off among males and deathsare increasing slightly among females. These trends reflect population changes in 2018cancer risk factors, screening test use, diagnostic practices, and treatment advances. Many cancers can be prevented or treated effectively if they are found early. Population-based cancer incidence and mortality data can be used to inform efforts to decrease the cancer burden in the United States for selected major cancer types:and regularly monitor progress toward goals.

Cancer Type Estimated New Cases Estimated Deaths
Bladder 81,190
 17,240
Breast (Female - Male) 266,120 - 2,550
 40,920 - 480
Colon and Rectal (Combined) 140,250
 50,630
Endometrial 63,230
 11,350
Kidney (Renal Cell and Renal Pelvis) Cancer 65,340
 14,970
Leukemia (All Types) 60,300
 24,370
Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct 42,220
 30,200
Lung (Including Bronchus) 234,030
 154,050
Melanoma 91,270
 9,320
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma 74,680
 19,910
Pancreatic 55,440
 44,330
Prostate 164,690
 29,430
Thyroid 53,990
 2,060

References
1.    American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts and Figures 2018. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, 2018. Also available online. Last accessed February
26, 2018.


United States and International Clinical Trials Market Overview


The global clinical trials market size is expected to reach USD $69.8 billion by 2027, exhibiting a 5.1% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) during the forecast period, according to a February 2020 report published by Grand View Research, Inc. The United States is currently a world leader in biopharmaceutical research and development and manufacturing. In Fiscal Year 2019,2020, the National Cancer Institute received a budget of $5.74$6.44 billion, an increase of $79$297 million over FY 2018,2019, to issue grants to support research, with a targeted investment in enhanced and early detection of disease through the analysis of circulating biomarkers using minimally invasive methods, as well as a focused investment in cancer prevention and treatment including research on new vaccines to prevent cancer-causing infections and investigational immuno-oncology drugs and drug combinations. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) reports that the average cost to develop a drug, including trial failures can be as high as $2.6 billion and the approval process from development to market may be as

long as 15 years. According to the National Cancer Institute, since the 1990s, cancer death rates in the United States have declined 23%, and approximately 83% of life expectancy increases in cancer patients are due to new treatments and oncology medications.


Outside of the United States, particularly in our targeted geographies of the Europe and Asia Pacific (“APAC”) regions, growth in the pharmaceuticals and clinical trials market is continuing, and trials are increasingly becoming more complex. Growth in the European pharma market is anticipated to be driven largely by the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, France and Italy. The size of this market is expected to grow 25% between 2017 and 2022, accounting for nearly 70% of the European pharma market by 2022. Germany is forecasted to have the highest increase in market value during this 5-year span. APAC’s location provides access to large patient pools within favorable regulatory environments, and a strong intellectual property regime and available infrastructure. The pharmaceutical market in APAC is expected to grow by 8.7% CAGR from 2015 to 2021, boasting a contract research organization market that is the fastest growing in the world.


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While oncology drugs have the potential to be among the most personalized therapeutics, very few have successfully mademake it to market. The application of pharmacogenomics to oncology clinical trials enables researchers to better predict differences, initially driven by data derived in drug response, efficacy and toxicity among trial participants, as well as to optimize treatment regimens based on these differences. According to IMS Health, it is estimated that by 2020, half of all pharmaceutical sales in the United States will be from specialty drugs, a category of drugs including oncology treatments tailored to patients’ genomic profiles. We believepreclinical research. The Company believes a growing demand for faster development of personalized medicines and more effective clinical trials are growth drivers of this market, and ourits core expertise is pharmacogenomics, orpreclinical efficacy, toxicity and bioanalytical services.

More specific to the studyCompany’s targeted markets around the world, according to Market Insight Reports (October 2019) the global oncology-based in-vivo CRO market was valued at over $799 million in 2018 and is projected to reach $1.47 billion by 2026, growing at a CAGR of genetic analysis based on a patient's response7.9% from 2019 to a particular therapy or drug.

China Clinical2026. The major factors contributing to the growth of this market include the rising incidence of cancer cases worldwide, the rise in the geriatric population, the increasing number of specific therapies in the oncology pipeline and the presence of large numbers of pipeline drugs. The number of late-stage pipeline therapies rose from 711 in 2017 to 849 in 2018, representing an increase of 19%, and the use of oncology-based in-vivo CRO helps in deriving the novel therapies for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment to patients. Oncology and Biopharma Market Overview

The Chinese biopharma market is currently the third largest pharma market globally, after the United States and Japan. With more than one fifth of the world's population, China is an important market for pharmaceutical and biotech products and China's minister of health has pledged that the country will spend an additional $11.8 billion to advance biotech innovation from 2015 to 2020 in its 13th five-year plan. Cancer is one of the leading public health problemsmost studied indication areas, as per the statistics available from government agencies around the world. Other factors that are playing a key role in China, representing approximately 25%driving growth in the oncology-based in-vivo CRO business include greater federal funding for research studies and increasing research expertise in the industry.

The Company has a particularly strong set of experiences working in the preclinical area of checkpoint inhibitors and specifically immunotherapies. Drug development is continuing to attract biotech companies transforming scientific innovation into practice-changing cancer drugs, thereby driving demand for the Company’s services. When considering druggable targets within the different immuno-oncology drug classes, T cell immunomodulators and cell therapies had the largest increase in new targets in the past 2 years, which suggests that more innovation is going into these drug classes than the other IO drug classes. According to Nature Reviews December 2019, active drugs in development have grown from 2,030 to 3,876, a 91% increase in just two years, resulting in more than 3,400 active clinical trials evaluating such agents, 66% of all deathsactive immuno-oncology drugs in urban areasdevelopment.

The Company'sStrategy

With the Business Disposal transactions completed in 2019, the Company embarked on a transformative strategy to focus on drug discovery and 21%introducing an innovative approach toward biotechnology, from target identification to Investigational New Drug (IND) applications. Since entering into the Merger Agreement with StemoniX, if consummated, the Company intends to collaborate with industry partners to offer a unique, multiple modality approach to incorporate in rural areas. Oversilico, in vitro and in vivo derived data while combining deep biology and data science. The Company expects to partner with biotech and pharmaceutical drug developers in neurology, cardiac and oncology to provide licensed access to our technology platforms.

Human biology is complex and the past 30 years,Company believes its challenges must be met with technology that can help researchers see critical patterns and connections to unlock actionable insights. By reimagining drug discovery, the risk factors for cancerCompany is focused on playing a pivotal role in China have been increasing, including an aging population, decreased environmental conditionsproviding better treatments to patients faster by maximizing the time and westernizationresources of dietresearchers and lifestyle. We recently announced a licensing transaction with a Chinese company based in Beijing, China who will be launching our Tissue of Origin® test in China,medical scientists. The Company expects to assist in the care of Chinese patients. We plan to continue exploring opportunities to license our proprietary tests to select business partners operating laboratory services in China, where governmental regulations prevent human samples and personal data, including health data, from being exportedrealize synergies from the country.merger by taking a human-first approach to discovery through the convergence of biology, chemistry and data analytics. StemoniX functional models, deep scientific expertise, and advanced analytical algorithms converge to provide the right biology, effective workflows, and actionable results that move our partners forward and get medications to patients faster. Human spheroids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) create highly functional and standardized screening for high-throughput data outputs that are predictive of viable target compounds to de-risk and accelerate decision making for biopharma partners and the Company’s own pipeline of therapeutics later in 2021.


Our Strategy

We remainThe Company is currently focused on delivering our comprehensive cancer profilingits pre-clinical CRO and state of the art molecular testing capabilities anddrug discovery services to a diverse group of market participants, including:


Biotechnology•biotechnology companies;
Pharmaceutical•pharmaceutical companies;
Cancer centers;•governmental agencies; and
Community hospitals; and•academic research centers.
Research centers

These participants require biomarker-based assessmentsyngeneic and xenograft tumor models to support the development of cancernovel biomarkers and biomarker-based informationincreasing technological expertise to collect key data sets for their clinical trials, or as direct care providers, to understand and manage therapeutic development the patient, their cancer and design customized therapy choices. We believeThe Company believes that our integratedits approach to rapidly translate research insights about the genetics and molecular mechanisms of cancer into the clinical setting, combined with our approach to diagnostic testing,research community will lead to improved clinical decision-making, and will become a key componentinnovative products
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being developed, particularly in the standardarea of care for personalized cancer treatment. Our approach is to develop and commercialize proprietary molecular and biomarker-based tests and services to enable us to provide a full service solution to improve the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of targeted cancers and to better predict successful therapeutic targets and drug candidates, differences in drug response, efficacy and toxicity among clinical trial participants, as well as to optimize treatment regimens based on these differences.immuno-oncology therapies. To achieve this, and in order of ourits focus and priority, we intend to:the Company intends to:


•Leverage ourits specialized, disease-focused genomic and molecular knowledge, insights and service portfolio to secure

additional collaborations or partnerships with leading biotech and pharmaceutical companies and clinical research organizations. Oncology drugs have the potential to be among the most personalized of therapeutics, and yet few have successfully made it to market. In an effort to improve the outcome of these trials, and more rapidly advance targeted therapeutics, the biotechnology and pharmaceutical community is increasingly looking to companies like us that have both extensive disease insights and comprehensive testing services as they move toward biomarker-based therapeutics. We believe our comprehensive, disease-focused testing portfolio, which covers the 10 most prevalent solid and hematological cancers in the United States, positions us to help the biotech and pharmaceutical community with clinical trials and companion diagnostic development in areas of our core expertise.

Leverage our acquisition oforganizations through its vivoPharm tobusiness. This will deepen its relationships with ourits existing clients and to expand ourits unique portfolio of Discovery Service offerings in the United States, Europe, Australia and internationally. Biotechthe rest of the world. Biotech and Pharmaceutical companies engaged in the identification of therapeutic targets and novel oncology and immuno-oncology treatments often require support in trial design, assay development, preclinical research and clinical research and trial management. vivoPharm’s suite of oncology-focused services, including proprietary tumor models, enables usthe Company to increase ourits market share in drug identification, drug rescue and drug repurposing studies. We believeThe Company believes vivoPharm’s capabilities provide usit with opportunities to deepen ourits relationships with existing customers through additional Discoverydiscovery and downstream molecular work.


•Leverage ourits growing preclinical business to seek synergies across ourinfluence sales relationships with its former biopharma sales teamsbusiness in the U.S., Europe and Australia, to provide ourits integrated service offerings. We believeThe Company believes that by combining the efforts of ourits business development teams inside of ourits existing and prospective Discovery clients, which entail many biopharma clients, wecompanies, the Company can leverage ourits capabilities from preclinical development of biomarker detection methods, responses to immuno-oncology directed novel treatments and early prediction of clinical outcomes, supported by ourits extended portfolio of orthotopic, xenografts and syngeneic tumor test systems, to help drive ourits access to support immuno-oncology therapies in Phase I through Phase IV trials.
other translational oncology initiatives.


Leverage our biopharma business development team and our relationships with global central laboratories to expand our customer base. By leveraging our clinical and biopharma sales force in the United States, along with our relationships with international central laboratories and clinical research organizations, we are able to target our sales and marketing efforts to meet the needs of an expanding and diverse customer segment

Continue our•Continue its focus on translational oncology and drive innovation and cost efficiency in diagnosticsdrug discovery by continuing to develop next generation sequencingunique offerings independently and through collaborations with academic and cancer research centers and other key opinion leaders and their organizations. Translational oncology refers to ourthe focus onof bringing novel research insights that characterize cancer at the genomic level directly and rapidly into thetreatments to predict clinical settingoutcomes with the overall goal of improving value to patients and providers in the treatment and management of disease. We believeThe Company believes that continuing to develop ourits existing platforms and next generation sequencing panelstumor models will enable significant growth and efficiencies within ourits business.


•Engage key strategic partners in the U.S. and abroad to leverage ourits remaining intellectual propoertyproperty portfolio and unique capabilities to grow ourits revenue. WeThe Company entered into a strategic partnership in China to license ourits Tissue of Origin® test in that region; we announcedregion and the Company intends to monetize this asset in 2021 through the sale to a supply agreement with Agilent Technologies to expand the distribution of our proprietary FHACT probe internationally, and we entered into a partnership with Cellaria in theChinese or U.S. to characterize Cellaria’s pipeline of commercial and custom-developed biopharma products to create innovative models that provide detailed, and patient-specific, assessment of response to therapy.
based diagnostic laboratory.


•Continue to aggressively manage ourits cost structure.We are focused The Company continues to focus on aggressively managing ourits operating costs while continuing to seek additional revenue growth opportunities. We areThe Company is implementing measures to streamline costs across ourits laboratory facilities, including the consolidation of our operations,and integrating administrative functions across our USits global operations, implementing a cloud-based laboratory management system across all of our sites, along with key financial enterprise resource planning and human resource systems that enable greater efficiency.

The Company believes that the pending merger with StemoniX, if consummated, will be beneficial in furthering the business of the Company for a number of reasons:

•The Company believes that the merger will position the post-merger company to harness the synergies between two critical modalities of drug discovery and development - advanced animal models and relevant human high-throughput organoid platforms;

•The Company believes in the scientific and clinical value of the StemoniX business and that the resulting integration of scientific and technology-based expertise, skilled management teams, and ability to offer customers an end-to-end platform will de-risk and accelerate discovery and development of preclinical and clinical pipelines for biopharma partners as well as for the proprietary pipeline of the post-merger company;

•The Company believes that the post-merger company will be able to create partnership engagements with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that will yield significant revenue opportunities, based on the combined technology and scientific expertise to the combined professional staff;

•The Company believes that the resulting integration of scientific capabilities from the merger provides the best opportunity to improve upon CGI’s cash position and historic substantial doubt about CGI’s ability to continue as a going concern; and

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•The Company expects that the post-merger company will include experienced members from the senior management team of StemoniX who have expertise in drug discovery that is valued by potential pharmaceutical and biotechnology partners.
Our
The Company's Service Offerings


Our Prior to the Business Disposals, the Company's business iswas based on demand for molecular- and biomarker-based characterization of cancers from three main sectors: (1) biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, (2) cancer centers and hospitals, and (3) the research community. OurWith the Company's continued focus on the preclinical market, its services are primarily sought by biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies engaged in designing and runningpreparing to run clinical trials, from pre-clinical to post market surveillance, for their value and efficacy in oncology and immuno-oncology treatments and therapeutics. We believeThe Company believes trial participants' likelihood of experiencing either favorable or adverse responses to the trial treatment can be

determined first by ourits extended portfolio of orthotopic, xenografts and syngeneic tumor test systems, and in early development through biomarker testing,identification and development, thereby increasing trial efficiency, participant safety and trial success rates. Biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies also seek ourthe Company's services in preclinical trial design and drug development, in order to effectively and efficiently select those therapeutic candidates most likely to progress to clinical treatment options. OurThe Company's services are also sought by researchers and research groups seeking to identify biomarkers and panels and develop methods for diagnostic technologies and tests for disease. Clinicians and oncologists in cancer centers and hospitals seek molecular-based testing since these methods often produce higher value and more accurate cancer diagnostic information than traditional analytical methods. Our

Discovery Services

The Company offers proprietary and unique disease-focused tests aim to provide actionable information that can guide patient management decisions, potentially resulting in decreased costs for patients while streamlining therapy selection. We continue to pursuepreclinical test systems valued by the strategy of trying to demonstrate increased value and efficacy with payors who wish to contain costspharmaceutical industry, biotechnology companies and academic collaboratorsresearch centers. In particular, the Company’s preclinical development of biomarker detection methods, response to immuno-oncology directed novel treatments and early prediction of clinical outcome is supported by its extended portfolio of orthotopic, xenografts and syngeneic tumor test systems. vivoPharm specializes in conducting studies tailored to guide drug development, starting from compound libraries and ending with a comprehensive set of in vitro and in vivo data and reports, as needed for Investigational New Drug filing. vivoPharm operates in AAALAC accredited and GLP-compliant audited facilities. The Company provides its preclinical services, with a focus on efficacy models, from its Hershey, PA facility for the U.S. and European markets, and supplemented with GLP toxicology and extended bioanalytical services in its Australia-based facility in Clayton, VIC and Gilles Plains, SA (effective in February 2020).

The Company’s Discovery Services provide the tools and testing methods for companies and researchers seeking to developidentify new insightsmolecular- and cures.biomarker-based indicators for disease and to determine the pharmacogenomics, safety and effectiveness of potential therapeutic candidate compounds. Discovery Services offered include development of both xenograft and syngeneic animal models, toxicology and genetic toxicology services, pharmacology testing, pathology services, and validation of biomarkers for diseases including cancers. The Company also provides consulting, guidance and preparation of samples and clinical trial design. The Company believes the ability to analyze variations in biomarkers, tumor cells and compounds, and to interpret results into meaningful predictors of disease or indicators of therapeutic success is essential to discovering new molecular markers for cancer, new therapeutics, and targets for therapies.


We utilize relatively the same proprietary testsexecute on our market strategy by delivering results-oriented information and services, non-proprietary tests and technologies across each of these businesses to deliver results-oriented informationinsights which we believe is or will become important to drug discovery and development and ultimately to accelerated therapy approvals and commercialization. Our Discovery Services aim to accelerate the development of novel treatment candidates and precision medicine, with a current focus in oncology. We believe the level of personalized treatment required to optimize a patient’s treatment regimen and to maximize clinical trial success rates may be significantly improved through the use of molecular- and biomarker-based characterization.

The following table lists our market strategy by customer category:

Customer CategoryTypes of CustomersNature of Services
Discovery Services
•Pharmaceutical and Biotech companies
•Academic Institutions
•Government-Sponsored Research Institutions
Discovery services, including preclinical anti-tumor efficacy, GLP compliant toxicity studies, small molecular and biologics analytical services, provide the tools and testing methods for companies and researchers seeking to identify and to develop new compounds and molecular-based biomarkers for diagnostics and treatment of disease.

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Retained Tests

The Company continues to own a portfolio of proprietary disease-focused tests, which are currently available for licensing to the biopharma industry and diagnostic companies. The Company currently has a Chinese laboratory company offering its Tissue of Origin test in China. The Company intends to monetize this asset in 2021 through the sale to a Chinese or U.S. based diagnostic laboratory.

Solid Tissue Cancers

The term “solid tumors” encompasses abnormal masses of cells that do not include fluid areas (e.g. blood) or cysts. Solid tumors are composed of abnormal cell growths that originate in organs or soft tissue and are normally named after the types of cells that form them. Examples of solid tumors include breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer and melanoma. Solid tumors may be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) and may spread from their primary tissue of origin to other locations in the body (metastasis). There are over 200 individual chemotherapeutic drugs available for combating solid tumor cancers. Selection of an appropriate course of treatment for a patient may depend on identification of the gene mutation or mutations present in their particular cancer and on determining the cancer’s tissue of origin. Metastatic tumors with an uncertain primary site can be a difficult clinical problem. In tens of thousands of oncology patients every year, no confident diagnosis is ever issued, making standard-of-care treatment impossible.

The Company’s Proprietary Tests for Solid Tissue Cancers

TestTargeted CancersTechnology & Advantages
Tissue of Origin®
•Solid Tissue Cancers
–Thyroid
–Breast
–Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
–Gastric
–Pancreas
–Colorectal
–Liver
–Bladder
–Kidney
–Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
–Melanoma
–Ovarian
–Sarcoma
–Testicular Germ Cell
–Prostate
•Tissue of Origin® (TOO®) is FDA-cleared, Medicare-reimbursed, and provides extensive analytical and clinical validation for statistically significant improvement in accuracy over other methods.
•TOO® is a gene expression test that is used to identify the origin in cancer cases that are metastatic and/or poorly differentiated and unable to be typed by traditional testing methods.
•TOO® increases diagnostic accuracy and confidence in site-specific treatment decisions, and leads to a change in patient treatment based on results 65% of the time it is used.
•TOO® assesses 2,000 genes, covering 15 of the most common tumor types and 90% of all solid tumors.
•In the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company acquired the TOO® test through its acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Response Genetics, Inc.

Tissue of Origin® Test. The Company continues to own and maintain its FDA-cleared Tissue of Origin® test, or TOO®, a gene expression test that is indicated when there is clinical uncertainty about a poorly differentiated or undifferentiated, or a metastatic tumor where the primary tissue of cancer development is unknown. The Tissue of Origin® test the Company believes is currently the only FDA-cleared test of its kind on the market, and can determine the most likely tissue of origin of a patient management.tumor sample from the fifteen most common tumor types - including thyroid, breast, pancreas, colon, ovarian and prostate - which account for ninety percent of all incidences of solid tissue tumors, by measuring the expression levels of 2,000 individual genes. TOO® is supported by extensive analytical and clinical validation data from robust, multi-center clinical studies. The Company believes TOO® can reduce the need for repeated testing, examinations, imaging and biopsy procedures by providing clinicians with the primary tissue type with greater certainty than traditional diagnostic techniques. This in turn empowers physicians to select the correct type of treatment earlier in the course of the patient’s therapy. The Company is holding the patent for sale.


Discontinued Services

Biopharma Services


Until the Business Disposals, the Company’s Biopharma Services includeincluded laboratory and testing services performed for biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies engaged in clinical trials. Our Biopharma ServicesThe Company’s focus was on providing these clients
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with oncology specific and non-oncology genetic testing services for phase I-IV trials along with critical support of ancillary services. These services include:included: biorepository, clinical trial logistics, clinical trial design, bioinformatics analysis, customized assay development. DNA and RNA extraction and purification, genotyping, gene expression and biomarker analyses. WeThe Company also seeksought to apply ourits expertise in laboratory developed tests (“LDTs”) to assist in developing and commercializing drug-specific companion diagnostics. We haveThe Company established business relationships with key instrument manufacturers to support their platforms in the market, and to drive acceptance among biopharmaceutical sponsors developing innovative immuno-oncology therapies.

Industry research has shown many promising drugs have produced disappointing results in clinical trials. For example, a 2016 article by the University of Michigan reported that 1 in 50 cancer drug candidates make it to the clinical market. Given such a high failure rate of oncology drugs, combined with constrained budgets for biotech and pharmaceutical companies, there is a significant need for drug developers to utilize molecular diagnostics to decrease these failure rates. For specific molecular-targeted therapeutics, the identification of appropriate biomarkers indicative of disease type or prognosis may help to optimize clinical trial patient selection and increase trial success rates by helping clinicians identify patients that are most likely to benefit from a therapy based on their individual genomic profile.

Our Select One® offering was created specifically to help the biopharmaceutical community with clinical trials and companion diagnostic development in areas of our core expertise. We believe that oncology drugs and immuno-oncology therapies have the potential to be among the most personalized of therapeutics, and yet few have successfully made it to market. In an effort to improve the outcome of these trials, and more rapidly advanced targeted therapeutics, the biotechnology and pharmaceutical community is increasingly looking to companies that have both proprietary disease insights and comprehensive testing services as they move toward biomarker-based therapeutics, combination studies and immuno-oncology pathways.

The United States National Institutes of Health reported over 95,000 clinical trials were being conducted in the United States as of March 2017, and over 15,000 of these trials were actively recruiting participants for studies with oncology pharmaceuticals or biologics. Molecular- and biomarker-based testing services have been altering the clinical trials landscape by providing biotech and pharmaceutical companies with information about trial subjects' genetic profiles that may be able to inform researchers whether or not a subject will benefit from the trial drug or will experience adverse effects. Streamlined subject selection and stratification, and tailored therapies selected to maximally benefit each group of subjects may increase the number of trials that result in approved therapies and make conducting clinical trials more efficient and less costly for biotech and pharmaceutical companies. In 2017, 46 new drugs were approved by the FDA, and over a quarter of these drugs were oncology-focused, highlighting the potential value of incorporating genomic information into oncology clinical trial design.


In addition to the tests and services the Company provided to biotech and pharmaceutical companies, we are developing NGSthe Company developed Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) panels focused on pharmacogenomics and oncology that will inform researchers of trial subjects'subjects’ drug sensitivities.


We provide the following services to biotech and pharmaceutical companies and researchers conducting clinical trials:

Genotyping and Pharmacogenomics Testing Services

Over 400 genotyping assays including drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters and receptors.

Over 19 validated gene expression assays.

Testing for the FDA's Pharmacogenomic (PGx) Biomarkers in Drug Labels recommended panel.

Loss of heterozygosity and copy number detection assays.

WeThe Company also utilize ourutilized its laboratories to provide clinical trial services to biotech and pharmaceutical companies and clinical research organizations to improve the efficiency and economic viability of clinical trials. OurThe Company’s clinical trials services leverage ourleveraged its knowledge of clinical oncology and molecular diagnostics and ourits laboratories’ fully integrated capabilities. Our Select One® program integrates clinical information into the drug discovery process in order to provide customized solutions for patient stratification and treatment. By utilizing biomarkers, we intend to optimize the clinical trial patient selection. This may result in an improved success rate of the clinical trial and may eventually help biotech and pharmaceutical companies to select patients that are most likely to benefit from a therapy based on their genetic profile. We believe we are one of only a few laboratories with the capability to combine somatic and germline mutational analyses in clinical trials.


From a laboratory infrastructure standpoint, we possessthe Company possessed capabilities in histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry, cytogenetics and fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH), as well as sophisticated molecular analysis techniques, including next generation sequencing. This allowsallowed for comprehensive esoteric testing within one lab enterprise, with oura CAP-accredited biorepository serving as a central hub for specimen tracking. Using this approach, we arethe Company was able to support demanding clinical trial protocols requiring multiple assays and techniques aimed at capturing data on multiple biomarkers. OurThe Company’s suite of available testing platforms allowsallowed for highly customized clinical trial design which iswas supported by oura dedicated group of development scientists and technical personnel.


Through this combination of a variety of esoteric testing platforms powered by a team of experienced scientists, we offer a rare comprehensive approach to clinical trial support. As trial design becomes increasingly complex to cater to more specific drug targets and patient populations, a single-source solution for esoteric testing, we believe that clinical result generation and reporting is becoming more valuable than ever.

Examples of clinical trial services offered:

Flow cytometrySelection of individual antibodies in multiple myeloma, leukemia, lymphomas, and therapy response
KaryotypingGenome-wide detection of aberrations at low resolution that have a diagnostic or prognostic significance
FISHProbe library for the detection of gene abnormalities in chromosomes indicated in hematological and solid tumors
Anatomic pathologyFull IHC library with over 180 antibodies available
Exome sequencingSequencing of the protein-encoding genes in a genome
DNA and RNA sequencingSequencing to determine the presence and quantity of RNA or DNA in a specimen
Next Generation sequencingProprietary and custom-designed panels to deep sequence genomic material to identify substitutions, insertions and deletions, and rearrangements of genetic material
Cell-free DNA analysisMulti-gene next generation sequencing panel for lung cancer to detect tumor-derived cell-free DNA obtained from a blood draw
DNA and RNA microarrayMeasures expression levels of a large number of genes simultaneously
Sanger sequencingDNA sequencing for validation of next generation sequencing results, and for smaller scale sequencing projects
Fragment size analysisAnalysis technique where DNA fragments are separated by size and used for mutation detection
DNA and RNA extraction and purificationExtraction and isolation of DNA and RNA from a wide variety of sample types for immediate testing or for storage
Biostatistics and BioinformaticsDesign and review of client assays and analysis of datasets
Biorepository and sample logisticsCollection, shipping guidance and storage of bio-specimens and related nucleic acid samples


WeThe Company also offer our clinical trial services customers our branded Select One® program, which integrates clinical information into the drug discovery process in order to provide customized solutions for patient stratification and treatment. By utilizing biomarkers, we intend to optimize the clinical trial patient selection process. This may result in an improved success rate of the clinical trial and may eventually help biotech and pharmaceutical companies to select patients that are most likely to benefit from a therapy based on their genetic profile. We believe we are one of only a few laboratories with the capability to combine somatic and germline mutational analyses in clinical trials.

Our Select One® clinical trial services are aimed at developing customizable tests and techniques utilizing our proprietary tests and laboratory services to provide enhanced genetic signature analysis and more comprehensive understanding of complex diseases at earlier stages. We leverage our knowledge of clinical oncology and molecular diagnostics and provide access to our genomic database and assay development capabilities for the development and validation of companion diagnostics. This potentially enables companies to reduce the costs associated with development by determining earlier in the development process if they should proceed with additional clinical studies. We have been chosen by leading biotech and pharmaceutical companies including Gilead Sciences Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, and H3 Bio (a division of Eisai) to provide clinical trial services and molecular profiling for patient selection and monitoring. Additionally, through our services we gain further insights into disease progression and the latest drug development that we can incorporate into our proprietary tests and services.

We also provideprovided genetic testing for drug metabolism to aid biotech and pharmaceutical companies identify subjects'subjects’ likely responses to treatment, allowing these companies to conduct more efficient and safer clinical trials. We believeThe Company believes pharmacogenomics drug metabolism testing helps deliver the promise of personalized medicine by enabling researchers to tailor therapies in development to differences in patients'patients’ genomic profiles.


Clinical ServicesSolid Tissue Cancers


We provide our oncologyThe term “solid tumors” encompasses abnormal masses of cells that do not include fluid areas (e.g. blood) or cysts. Solid tumors are composed of abnormal cell growths that originate in organs or soft tissue and immuno-oncology testsare normally named after the types of cells that form them. Examples of solid tumors include breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer and servicesmelanoma. Solid tumors may be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) and may spread from their primary tissue of origin to oncologists and pathologists at hospitals, cancer centers, and physician offices. Our portfolio contains proprietary tests to target cancers that are difficult to prognose and predict treatment outcomes through currently available mainstream techniques. We utilize an expansive range of non-proprietary tests and technologies to provide a comprehensive profile for each patient we serve. Clinical testing is available through anatomic pathology, flow cytometry, karotype, FISH, liquid biopsy and molecular diagnostics (including next generation sequencing and gene expression panels).

Our comprehensive testing services for cancer are utilizedother locations in the diagnosis, prognosis and predictionbody (metastasis). There are over 200 individual chemotherapeutic drugs available for combating solid tumor cancers. Selection of an appropriate course of treatment outcomes (theranosis)for a patient may depend on identification of the gene mutation or mutations present in their particular cancer patients as clinicians demand more precise and more comprehensive evaluation of their patients. We believe our ability to rapidly translate research insights about the genetics and molecular mechanisms of cancer into the clinical setting will improve patient treatment and management and that this approach can become a key component in the standard of care for personalized cancer treatment. We utilize highly skilled scientists, pathologists and hematologists in our laboratories, with 46% of individuals holding advanced degrees. These individuals assist our customers in integrating and technically assessing the testing results for their patients.

Our clinical services strategy is focused on direct sales to oncologists and pathologists at hospitals, cancer centers, and physician offices in the United States, and expanding our relationships with leading distributors and medical facilities in emerging markets. As part of our market strategy for our clinical services, we offer the branded testing programs described below.

CompleteTM Program. Our CompleteTM program is our branded program offering a unique suite of common and proprietary tests that assist clinicians in determining the bestcancer’s tissue of origin. Metastatic tumors with an uncertain primary site can be a difficult clinical problem. In tens of thousands of oncology patients every year, no confident diagnosis is ever issued, making standard-of-care treatment options to improve patient outcomes. Each CompleteTM program integrates the latest diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers across multiple testing methodologies. We offer Complete testingimpossible.

The Company’s Proprietary Tests for a number of hematological cancers and solid tumors, including AML, CLL, DLBCL, MDS, myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), colorectal, lung and breast cancers.Solid Tissue Cancers


TestTargeted CancersTechnology & Advantages
Tissue of Origin®
•Solid Tissue Cancers
–Thyroid
–Breast
–Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
–Gastric
–Pancreas
–Colorectal
–Liver
–Bladder
–Kidney
–Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
–Melanoma
–Ovarian
–Sarcoma
–Testicular Germ Cell
–Prostate
•Tissue of Origin® (TOO®) is FDA-cleared, Medicare-reimbursed, and provides extensive analytical and clinical validation for statistically significant improvement in accuracy over other methods.
•TOO® is a gene expression test that is used to identify the origin in cancer cases that are metastatic and/or poorly differentiated and unable to be typed by traditional testing methods.
•TOO® increases diagnostic accuracy and confidence in site-specific treatment decisions, and leads to a change in patient treatment based on results 65% of the time it is used.
•TOO® assesses 2,000 genes, covering 15 of the most common tumor types and 90% of all solid tumors.
•In the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company acquired the TOO® test through its acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Response Genetics, Inc.

Tissue of Origin® Test. OurTest. The Company continues to own and maintain its FDA-cleared Tissue of Origin® test, or TOO®, is a gene expression test that is indicated when there is clinical uncertainty about a poorly differentiated or undifferentiated, or a metastatic tumor where the primary tissue of cancer development is unknown. The Tissue of Origin® test we believethe Company believes is currently the only FDA-cleared test of its kind on the market, and can determine the most likely tissue of origin of a patient tumor sample from the fifteen most common tumor types - including thyroid, breast, pancreas, colon, ovarian and prostate - which account for ninety percent of all incidences of solid tissue tumors, by measuring the expression levels of 2,000 individual genes. TOO® is supported by extensive analytical and clinical validation data from robust, multi-center clinical studies. We believeThe Company believes TOO® can reduce the need for repeated testing, examinations, imaging and biopsy procedures by providing clinicians with the primary tissue type with greater certainty than

traditional diagnostic techniques. This in turn empowers physicians to select the correct type of treatment earlier in the course of the patient’s therapy. The Company is holding the patent for sale.


In addition, we have developed the SummationTM Report which, we believe, provides an integrated view of a patient's test results and diagnosis in a user-friendly, visually appealing format for clinicians. Our licensed pathologists and licensed laboratory directors prepare these SummationTM Reports based on the clinical information and diagnosis provided by our laboratory professionals. All of our testing technologies are integrated into a Summation Report to allow oncologists to efficiently arrive at a definitive diagnosis and drive complete and effective decisions.

DiscoveryDiscontinued Services


Through our recent acquisition of vivoPharm in 2017, we offer proprietary preclinical test systems supporting our clinical diagnostic and prognostic offerings at early stages, valued byBiopharma Services

Until the pharmaceutical industry, biotechnology companies and academic research centers. In particular, our preclinical development of biomarker detection methods, response to immuno-oncology directed novel treatments and early prediction of clinical outcome is supported by our extended portfolio of orthotopic, xenografts and syngeneic tumor test systems. vivoPharm specializes in conducting studies tailored to guide drug development, starting from compound libraries and ending with a comprehensive set of in vitro and in vivo data and reports, as needed for Investigational New Drug filing. vivoPharm operates in AAALAC accredited and GLP-compliant audited facilities. We provide our preclinical services, with a focus on efficacy models, from our Hershey, PA facility forBusiness Disposals, the U.S. and European markets, and supplemented with GLP toxicology and extended bioanalytical services in our Australia-based facility in Bundoora, VIC.

Our DiscoveryCompany’s Biopharma Services provide the toolsincluded laboratory and testing methodsservices performed for biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies engaged in clinical trials. The Company’s focus was on providing these clients
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with oncology specific and researchers seeking to identify new molecular- and biomarker-based indicatorsnon-oncology genetic testing services for disease and to determine the pharmacogenomics, toxicity and efficacyphase I-IV trials along with critical support of potential therapeutic candidate compounds. Discovery Services we offer include development of both xenograft and syngeneic animal models, toxicology and genetic toxicologyancillary services. These services pharmacology testing, pathology services, and validation of biomarkers for diseases including cancers. We also provide consulting, guidance and preparation of samples andincluded: biorepository, clinical trial design. We believe the abilitylogistics, clinical trial design, bioinformatics analysis, customized assay development. DNA and RNA extraction and purification, genotyping, gene expression and biomarker analyses. The Company also sought to analyze variationsapply its expertise in biomarkers, tumor cells and compounds, andlaboratory developed tests (“LDTs”) to interpret results into meaningful predictors of disease or indicators of therapeutic success is essential to discovering new molecular markers for cancer, new therapeutics, and targets for therapies.

Our Disease-Focused Testing Portfolio

Our disease-focused testing capabilities include our portfolio of proprietary tests, along with a comprehensive range of non-proprietary oncology-focused tests and laboratory services. We have a comprehensive oncology testing portfolio, spanning ten of the most prevalent solid and hematological cancers, including the FDA-cleared test for tumors of unknown origin, our FDA-cleared Tissue of Origin®, or TOO® test. With the exception of the TOO® test, we offer our proprietary tests in the United States as laboratory-developed tests, or LDTs, and internationally as CE-marked in vitro diagnostic medical devices. The non-proprietary testing services we offer are focused in part on the specific oncology categories where we are developing our proprietary tests. We believe that there is significant synergyassist in developing and marketing a complete set ofcommercializing drug-specific companion diagnostics. The Company established business relationships with key instrument manufacturers to support their platforms in the market, and to drive acceptance among biopharmaceutical sponsors developing innovative immuno-oncology therapies.

In addition to the tests and services the Company provided to biotech and pharmaceutical companies, the Company developed Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) panels focused on pharmacogenomics and oncology that are disease-focusedwill inform researchers of trial subjects’ drug sensitivities.

The Company also utilized its laboratories to provide clinical trial services to biotech and delivering those testspharmaceutical companies and clinical research organizations to improve the efficiency and economic viability of clinical trials. The Company’s clinical trials services leveraged its knowledge of clinical oncology and molecular diagnostics and its laboratories’ fully integrated capabilities.

From a laboratory infrastructure standpoint, the Company possessed capabilities in a comprehensive manner to help guidehistology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry, cytogenetics and inform treatment decisions. The insights that we develop in delivering non-proprietary services are often leveraged in the development of our proprietary programs and in the validation of our proprietary programs.

Our proprietary tests are molecular- and biomarker-based genomic tests: microarrays, probes, gene expression panels, liquid biopsy andfluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH), as well as sophisticated molecular analysis techniques, including next generation sequencing. Each is directedThis allowed for comprehensive esoteric testing within one lab enterprise, with a CAP-accredited biorepository serving as a central hub for specimen tracking. Using this approach, the Company was able to support demanding clinical trial protocols requiring multiple assays and techniques aimed at identifying specific genetic aberrations in cancer cells that serve as markerscapturing data on multiple biomarkers. The Company’s suite of available testing platforms allowed for diagnosis, prognosis and theranosis. We offer microarrays, next generation sequencing, gene expression and FISH probes because each serves a unique diagnostic or prognostic function. FISH- based tests, or probes, offer great sensitivity while microarrays provide a more comprehensive analysis of the cancer genome, NGS panels offer a method of detecting mutations or chromosomal aberrations of lesser frequency while gene expression can identifyhighly customized clinical trial design which genes are affected when the cancer type is unknown, and liquid biopsy techniques provide a method of isolating and detecting rare cells, such as tumor cells, circulating in a patient's blood, enabling a less invasive approach than tissue biopsy to obtain cells for additional biomarker analysis through one or more of the aforementioned tests. The tables below list and describes our proprietary tests that target hematologic cancers, HPV-associated cancers, solid tumors, hereditary cancers and immuno-oncology biomarkers.

Hematological Cancers

As a group, hematologic cancers (cancers of the blood, bone marrow or lymph nodes) display significant clinical, pathologic and genetic complexity. Traditionally, diagnosis relies mostly on pathologic examination, flow cytometry and detection of only

a few genetic markers. Importantly, the clinical course of the six main subtypes of these neoplasms ranges from indolent (follicular lymphoma) to aggressive (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma), or mixed (chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, or CLL/SLL). Most risk-stratification for treatment decisions were traditionally based on clinical features of the disease. Few molecular prognostic biomarkers were utilized in a clinical setting. There remains an unmet medical need for robust biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, theranosis and overall patient management in B-cell cancers. Given the higher frequency of these malignancies in the United States than in other countries due to relativelylong lifespans and an aging population, we expect significant clinical demand for our tests and services that are focused on hematological cancers.

Our Proprietary Tests for Hematological Cancers

TestTargeted CancersTechnology & Advantages
Focus::NGS®

Focus::AML™

Focus::CLL™

Focus::DLBCL&FL™

Focus::Lymphoma™

Focus::MCL™

Focus::MDS™

Focus::MPN™

Focus::Myeloid™

Focus: Myeloma™

•     Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
•     Myeloid Cancers
-    Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
-    Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
-    Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN)
•     B-Cell Lymphomas
•     Follicular Lymphoma
•     Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL)
•     Focus::NGS® is our family of next generation sequencing tests developed for the analysis of genomic alterations to determine, guide and inform diagnosis, prognosis and theranosis of particular hematological cancers and solid tumors.
• Next generation sequencing performs massively parallel sequencing, which is able to detect biomarker mutations and aberrations that are present at very low levels in a single test, and which may be missed by other, less sensitive methodologies.
• Our proprietary lymphoma NGS panels provide powerful and clinically validated tools for the molecular characterization of lymphomas. These targeted panels report on clinically actionable gene mutations present in the most common types of B-cell lymphomas, and have been used to power clinical trials, clinical work-up, management and therapy selection in lymphoma patients.
• Our proprietary myeloid NGS panels provide actionable information for improved diagnosis, prognosis and risk stratification for myeloid malignancies. Based on the panel results, we believe patients are able to receive the most suitable treatment tailored to their unique cancer.

HPV-Associated Cancers

HPV-associated cancers, including cervical, anal, and head and neck cancers, are caused by infection with high-risk variants of human papillomavirus (HPV), and are responsible for approximately 4% of all cancer diagnoses worldwide. Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women. According to the National Institutes of Health, while there are more than 100 types of HPV, approximately 15 types are considered to be cancer-causing, with only 2 strains being responsible for 70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide. Cervical cancer may be detected by traditional methods, including Pap smears and liquid cytology, where cervical cells obtained by Pap smear are observedwas supported by a pathologist, ordedicated group of development scientists and technical personnel.

The Company also provided genetic testing for drug metabolism to aid biotech and pharmaceutical companies identify subjects’ likely responses to treatment, allowing these companies to conduct more efficient and safer clinical trials. The Company believes pharmacogenomics drug metabolism testing helps deliver the promise of personalized medicine by HPV typing, which identifies the strain of HPV virus presently infecting the patient. Neither of these techniques is ableenabling researchers to identify the likelihood of the HPV-infection’s developing into cancerous or precancerous lesions. Accordingtailor therapies in development to the National Cancer Institute, about 50 million Pap smear tests to detect HPV are performeddifferences in the United States each year. It is estimated that approximately 2 million patients have abnormal Pap smear test results and are referred for biopsy/colposcopy as a result of such tests. However, only approximately 12,000 of these patients will develop cervical cancer. It is believed that early detection of HPV-associated cancers and lesions most likely to progress to cancer could eliminate unnecessary biopsies/colposcopies and thereby reduce health care costs.patients’ genomic profiles.


Our Proprietary Tests for HPV-Associated Cancers


TestTargeted CancersTechnology & Advantages
FHACT®
•     HPV-Associated Cancers
-    Cervical Cancer
-    Anal Cancer
-    Head & Neck Cancers
•     FHACT® is our proprietary, 4-color FISH-based DNA probe designed to identify aberrations in four important chromosomal regions that have been implicated in cancers associated with infection by the human papilloma virus (HPV): cervical, anal and oropharyngeal.
•     FHACT® is designed to determine copy number changes of four particular genomic regions by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). These regions of DNA give specific information about the progression from HPV infection to cervical cancer, in particular the stage and subtype of disease.
•     FHACT® is designed to enable earlier detection of abnormal cells and can identify the additional genomicbiomarkers that allow for the prediction of cancer progression.
•     FHACT® is designed to leverage the same Pap smear sample taken from the patient during routine screening, thus reducing the burden on the patient while delivering greater information to the clinician.
•     We offer an application of FHACT® as an LDT for cervical cancer and are developing applications for additional cancer targets.
•     We have obtained CE marking for FHACT®, which allows us to market the test in the European Economic Area.

Solid Tissue Cancers


The term “solid tumors” encompasses abnormal masses of cells that do not include fluid areas (e.g. blood) or cysts. Solid tumors are composed of abnormal cell growths that originate in organs or soft tissue and are normally named after the types of cells that form them. Examples of solid tumors include breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer and melanoma. Solid tumors may be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) and may spread from their primary tissue of origin to other locations in the body (metastasis). There are over 200 individual chemotherapeutic drugs available for combattingcombating solid tumor cancers. Selection of an appropriate course of treatment for a patient may depend on identification of the gene mutation or mutations present in their particular cancer and on determining the cancer’s tissue of origin. Metastatic tumors with an uncertain primary site can be a difficult clinical problem. In tens of thousands of oncology patients every year, no confident diagnosis is ever issued, making standard-of-care treatment impossible.


OurThe Company’s Proprietary Tests for Solid Tissue Cancers


TestTargeted CancersTechnology & Advantages
Tissue of Origin®
•Solid Tissue Cancers
-    –Thyroid
-    –Breast
-    –Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
-    –Gastric
-    –Pancreas
-    –Colorectal
-    –Liver
-    –Bladder
-    –Kidney
-    Non-Hodgkin’s–Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
-    –Melanoma
-    –Ovarian
-    –Sarcoma
-    –Testicular Germ Cell
-    –Prostate
•Tissue of Origin® (TOO®) is FDA-cleared, Medicare-reimbursed, and provides extensive analytical and clinical validation for statistically significant improvement in accuracy over other methods.
•TOO® is a gene expression test that is used to identify the origin in cancer cases that are metastatic and/or poorly differentiated and unable to be typed by traditional testing methods.
•TOO® increases diagnostic accuracy and confidence in site-specific treatment decisions, and leads to a change in patient treatment based on results 65% of the time it is used.
•TOO® assesses 2,000 genes, covering 15 of the most common tumor types and 90% of all solid tumors.
•In the fourth quarter of 2015, wethe Company acquired the TOO® test through ourits acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Response Genetics, Inc.
Focus::Oncomine™

Oncomine Dx Target Test

Liquid::Lung cf-DNA™
•     Solid Tissue Cancers
-    Lung
-    Colorectal
-    Melanoma
-    Breast
-    Bladder
-    Thyroid
•     Focus::Oncomine™is one test in our family of next generation sequencing tests developed for the analysis of genomic alterations to determine, guide and inform diagnosis, prognosis and theranosis of solid tumors.
•     Focus::Oncomine™ is designed to cover hotspot mutations of 35 unique genes that have clinical utility in various different types of solid tumors, allowing for the detection of 989 hotspot variants, including single nucleotide variants (SNVs), with a very low input DNA material.
•     We make available Thermo-Fisher’s Oncomine Dx Target Test, which is an NGS-based companion diagnostic that simultaneously screens tumor samples for multiple biomarkers associated with three FDA-approved therapies for non-small cell lung cancer, including the combined therapy of dabrafenib and trametinib, crizotinib or gefitinib.
•     The biomarkers included in Focus::Oncomine™ and the Oncomine Dx Tartet Test were selected based on information in the Oncomine Knowledgebase, which compiles genomic information from clinical trials, and were confirmed with industry-leading pharmaceutical partners. The results of the assay should be interpreted in the context of available clinical, pathologic, and laboratory information.
•     Liquid::Lung- cfDNA™ is our multi-gene cell-free DNA next generation sequencing panel for lung cancer, which covers 11 critical genes and over 150 key hotspots related to lung cancer.
•     Liquid::Lung- cfDNA™ is CLIA-validated and can detect lung tumor-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) obtained from the plasma fraction of blood.


Focus::Renal™•     Kidney
•     Focus::Renal™Tissue of Origin® Test. The Company continues to own and maintain its FDA-cleared Tissue of Origin® test, or TOO®, a highly-sensitive NGS panel, detects mutations of 76 renal cancer-related genes, as well as genome-wide copy number changes, and critical single nucleotide variants (SNVs), all in a single test, that enable precision diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy selection for renal cancer patients.
•     Focus::Renal™ is the only NGS panel to simultaneously detect genome-wide copy number changes, SNP genotypes along with mutations in 76 renal cancer-related genes, covering relevant drug pathways.
•     Focus::Renal™ can be performed on a wide variety of patient specimen types, such as needle biopsies, fine-needle aspirates, and resected specimens using both formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and fresh/fresh-frozen specimens, including the ones with minimal starting material.
UroGenRA®
•     Kidney
-    Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC)
-    Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma (chrRCC)
-    Papillary Renal Carcinoma (pRCC)
-    Oncocytoma (OC)
•     Prostate
•     Bladder
•     UroGenRA® has 101 regions of the human genome represented, and these regions can be used for gain/loss evaluation in urogenital neoplasms including kidney, prostate and bladder.
•     UroGenRA®-Kidney Array-CGH provides genomic diagnostic information to assist routine histology in the subtyping of ccRCC, chrRCC and OC from either core needle biopsies or resected specimens.
•     UroGenRA®-Kidney assesses 16 genomic regions that have diagnostic significance in the four main renal cortical neoplasm subtypes.
•     Result from UroGenRA®-Kidney are analyzed using our proprietary algorithm KidneyPath™ to classify specimens as normal, undetermined, or into one of the four main renal cortical neoplasm subtypes.

Hereditary Cancers

Hereditary cancer syndromes are inherited conditions in which an individual has a greater than normal lifetime risk of developing certain typesgene expression test that is indicated when there is clinical uncertainty about a poorly differentiated or undifferentiated, or a metastatic tumor where the primary tissue of cancer development is unknown. The Tissue of Origin® test the Company believes is currently the only FDA-cleared test of its kind on the market, and are caused by gene mutations that are passedcan determine the most likely tissue of origin of a patient tumor sample from parents to children. In a family with a hereditary cancer syndrome, one or morethe fifteen most common tumor types of cancers may be present in several family members, may develop at an early age, or one person may develop more than one type of cancer. Hereditary cancer syndromes are estimated to- including thyroid, breast, pancreas, colon, ovarian and prostate - which account for up to 10%ninety percent of all cancer diagnoses inincidences of solid tissue tumors, by measuring the United States. Many of the gene mutations that cause hereditary cancers have been identified, and genetic testing may identify whether an individual’s cancer is due to one of these inherited genes. Genetic testing for family members who have not been diagnosed with cancer can also reveal whether they are at an increased risk for developing hereditary cancers.

Our Proprietary Hereditary Cancer Test


TestTargeted CancersTechnology & Advantages
Focus::HERSite™

Focus::BRCA™
•     Breast
•     Ovarian
•     Focus::HERSite™and Focus::BRCA™ are in our family of next generation sequencing tests developed for the analysis of genomic alterations to determine, guide and inform diagnosis, prognosis and theranosis of some of the most prevalent hereditary cancers.
•     Focus::HERSite™ analyzes the 16 most common genes associated with breast and ovarian cancers in a single reaction, and provides comprehensive coverage of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.
•     Focus::BRCA™ targets germline mutations, insertions and deletions in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes associated with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome (HBOC), and mutations in which may impart an increased lifetime risk of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer.
•     The mutations responsible for HBOC are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and typically include single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions. Focus::HERSite™ and FOCUS:BRCA™ are designed to detect these mutations, as well as larger insertions and deletions in their target genes.

Immuno-Oncology Testing

Immuno-oncology encompasses a method of cancer treatment that harnesses the power of a patient’s own immune system to combat cancer growth and development. Abnormal cells are ordinarily destroyed by the body’s immune system before these cells are able to proliferate and develop into a tumor. In some cancers, abnormal cells have developed mutations allowing them to avoid the body’s natural defenses and these cells are not destroyed by the immune system. Immuno-oncology aims to either activate the immune system to recognize and destroy these cancer cells, or to turn off the mechanisms cancer cells develop than enable them to avoid detection by the immune system, thereby permitting the immune system to recognize and eliminate them.

We believe immuno-oncology is rapidly increasing in clinical practice and presents a unique market opportunity when combined with precision testing and traditional and combination oncology therapies. During 2016 and 2017, with increased interest throughout 2018, we launched a comprehensive immuno-oncology testing portfolio for use in clinical trials, translational research, and therapy selection for patients. This portfolio is available for clinical trials, patient care, and translational research utilizing multiple technological platforms through our licensed New Jersey laboratory facility. Our portfolio of immuno-oncology tests includes immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based tests that can detect novel biomarkers like PD-1 and PD-L1, MMR, CTLA4 and flow cytometry-based tests and panels that can assess immune response against cancers by evaluating subsets of immunomodulatory and effector cells. We also offer an NGS-based targeted RNA sequencing test that can measure expression levels of 2,000 individual genes. TOO® is supported by extensive analytical and clinical validation data from robust, multi-center clinical studies. The Company believes TOO® can reduce the need for repeated testing, examinations, imaging and biopsy procedures by providing clinicians with the primary tissue type with greater certainty than traditional diagnostic techniques. This in turn empowers physicians to select the correct type of treatment earlier in the course of the patient’s therapy. The Company is holding the patent for sale.

Discontinued Services

Biopharma Services

Until the Business Disposals, the Company’s Biopharma Services included laboratory and testing services performed for biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies engaged in clinical trials. The Company’s focus was on providing these clients
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with oncology specific and non-oncology genetic testing services for phase I-IV trials along with critical support of ancillary services. These services included: biorepository, clinical trial logistics, clinical trial design, bioinformatics analysis, customized assay development. DNA and RNA extraction and purification, genotyping, gene expression and biomarker analyses. The Company also sought to apply its expertise in laboratory developed tests (“LDTs”) to assist in developing and commercializing drug-specific companion diagnostics. The Company established business relationships with key instrument manufacturers to support their platforms in the market, and to drive acceptance among biopharmaceutical sponsors developing innovative immuno-oncology therapies.

In addition to the tests and services the Company provided to biotech and pharmaceutical companies, the Company developed Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) panels focused on pharmacogenomics and oncology that will inform researchers of trial subjects’ drug targets, evaluate tumor mutational burden, assess tumor neo-epitopessensitivities.

The Company also utilized its laboratories to provide clinical trial services to biotech and total immune cell composition. Manypharmaceutical companies and clinical research organizations to improve the efficiency and economic viability of clinical trials. The Company’s clinical trials services leveraged its knowledge of clinical oncology and molecular diagnostics and its laboratories’ fully integrated capabilities.

From a laboratory infrastructure standpoint, the Company possessed capabilities in histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry, cytogenetics and fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH), as well as sophisticated molecular analysis techniques, including next generation sequencing. This allowed for comprehensive esoteric testing within one lab enterprise, with a CAP-accredited biorepository serving as a central hub for specimen tracking. Using this approach, the Company was able to support demanding clinical trial protocols requiring multiple assays and techniques aimed at capturing data on multiple biomarkers. The Company’s suite of available testing platforms allowed for highly customized clinical trial design which was supported by a dedicated group of development scientists and technical personnel.

The Company also provided genetic testing for drug metabolism to aid biotech and pharmaceutical companies identify subjects’ likely responses to treatment, allowing these assayscompanies to conduct more efficient and safer clinical trials. The Company believes pharmacogenomics drug metabolism testing helps deliver the promise of personalized medicine by enabling researchers to tailor therapies in development to differences in patients’ genomic profiles.

Clinical Services

Until the Business Disposals, the Company provided its oncology and immuno-oncology tests and services to oncologists and pathologists at hospitals, cancer centers, and physician offices. The Company’s portfolio contains proprietary tests to target cancers that are alsodifficult to prognose and predict treatment outcomes through currently available mainstream techniques. The Company utilized an expansive range of non-proprietary tests and technologies to provide a comprehensive profile for clinical useeach patient it serves. Clinical testing was available through anatomic pathology, flow cytometry, karotype, FISH, liquid biopsy and are CLIA-molecular diagnostics (including next generation sequencing and New York State-approved.gene expression panels).


Sales and Marketing


OurThe Company’s sales and marketing efforts consist of both direct and indirect efforts, with the majority of efforts focused on direct sales in the United States, Europe and Asia Pacific regions.Australia. The table below summarizes our sales approach by geographyCompany collaborates with preclinical development and customer segment:translational science teams at pharmaceutical and biotech companies on studies involving tumor models and therapeutic candidate compound testing.



United StatesClinical Sales
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Collaborate with leading research universities and institutions that enable the validation of our new tests.
Work with community-based cancer centers that need a reliable and collaborative partner for cancer testing.
Build relationships with individual thought leaders in oncology, hematology and pathology to deliver services that provide value to their patients.
Biopharma Sales
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Collaborate with scientific development teams at pharmaceutical companies on studies involving translational medicine and genotyping.
Build relationships in the research and development segment to identify partners with a need for preclinical efficacy and toxicity studies and biomarker discovery studies.
Discovery Sales-Collaborate with preclinical development teams at pharmaceutical and biotech companies on studies involving tumor models and therapeutic candidate compound testing.
Europe and Asia PacificBiopharma Sales
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Leverage US-based and local companies conducting clinical trials with a component of those trials occurring in European or Asia Pacific populations.
Collaborate with scientific development teams at biotech and pharmaceutical companies and government agencies on studies involving tests and services.
Discovery Sales-Collaborate with preclinical development teams at pharmaceutical and biotech companies on studies involving tumor models and therapeutic candidate compound testing.

OurThe Company’s U.S. and European business development and sales professionals have scientific backgrounds in hematology, pathology, and laboratory services, with many years of experience in biopharmaceutical and clinical oncology sales, esoteric laboratory sales from leading biopharmaceutical, pharmaceutical or specialty reference laboratory companies. WeThe Company currently havehas a team of 10four business development and sales professionals in the United States and 2 in Europe. We support our sales force with clinical specialists who bring deep domain knowledge in the design and use of our tests and services.


WeThe Company also promote our tests andpromotes its services through marketing channels commonly used by the biopharma and pharmaceutical industries, such as internet, medical meetings and broad-based publication of ourits scientific and economic data. In addition, we providethe Company provides easy-to-access information to ourits customers over the internet through dedicated websites. OurThe Company’s customers value easily accessible information in order to quickly review patient or study information. We do not, however, market our tests directly to individual patients or consumers.

Research and Development Collaborations

We have collaborations with leading oncology centers and community-based hospitals and use specialized knowledge to develop proprietary diagnostic tests as well as non-clinical services such as biopharmaceutical and discovery services. Additionally, many of these centers have obtained Specialized Programs of Research Excellence status, as designated by the National Cancer Institute. Our collaborations with these centers give us access to large datasets of information and, together with our internal expertise, we can develop our proprietary tests.

Below is a summary of our active key collaborations. In certain cases we have formal written agreements with collaborators and in other cases we have no written agreement with our collaborators or only informal written arrangements.

Collaborating InstitutionPrinciple Investigator(s)Focus of Collaboration
North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New York
Dr. Kanti Rai
Dr. Nicholas Chiorazzi
Clinical validation of biomarkers and signatures for CLL diagnosis and therapeutic response
Columbia University, New York
Dr. Azra Raza
Dr. Siddhartha Mukherjee
Identification of genomic biomarkers for myeloid cancers
Keck Medicine of University of Southern California, California
Dr. Imran Siddiqi

Dr. Giri Ramsingh
Identification and evaluation of genomic biomarkers for lymphoid and myeloid malignancies
Transposable elements as prognostic biomarkers in acute myeloid leukemia
University of Southern California, California, & HTG Molecular, Arizona
Dr. Heinz-Josef Lenz and Dr. Yu Sunakawa

Gene expression analysis using an immuno-oncology panel for measurement of response to immune therapy

Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpétriere, Paris
Analyzing the variability of genomic alterations in renal cancer

Huntsman Cancer Center Institute, University of Utah, Utah
Dr. Neeraj AgarwalEvaluation of biomarkers for kidney cancer diagnosis and therapeutic response and liquid biopsy assay development
Huntsman Cancer Center Institute, University of Utah, Utah and Pfizer
Validation of biomarkers to predict Stutent response and liquid biopsy assay development
UCLA, California
Dr. Brian ShuchEvaluation of biomarkers in NGS Focus::Renal™ to stratify and monitor patients


Competition


With respect to our clinical services, our principal competition comes from existing mainstream diagnostic methods
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(US), MD Biosciences (US)., IQVIA (US), PAREXEL International Corporation (US), Envigo (US), Charles River (US), ICON PLC (Dublin), PRA Health Sciences (US), Medpace (US), Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (US), WuXi AppTec (China) and laboratories that pathologists and oncologists use and have used for many years or decades. It may be difficult to changeEurofins Scientific (Luxembourg). The players operating in the methods or behavior of the referring pathologists and oncologists to incorporate our molecular diagnostic testing in their practices. In addition, companies offering capital equipment and kits or reagents to local pathology laboratories represent another source of potential competition. These kitsglobal preclinical CRO market are used directly by the pathologist, which can facilitate adoption.

We also face competition from companies that currently offer or are developing products to profile genes, gene expression or protein biomarkers in various cancers. Precision medicine is a new area of science, and we cannot predict what tests others will develop that may compete with or provide results superior to the results we are able to achieve with the tests we develop. Our competitors include public companies such as NeoGenomics, Inc., Quest Diagnostics, LabCorp., Abbott Laboratories, Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., bioTheranostics, Inc., Genomic Health, Inc., Myriad Genetics Inc., Foundation Medicine, Inc., Invitae Corp., and many private companies. We expect that pharmaceutical and biotech companies will increasingly focus attention and resourcesfocusing on the personalized diagnostic sector as the potential and prevalence increases for molecularly targeted oncology therapies approved by FDAproduct unveilings, along with companion diagnostics. With respect to our clinical laboratory business we face competition from companies such as Genoptix Medical Laboratory, NeoGenomics, Inc., Bio-Reference Laboratories, Inc. (a division of Opko), LabCorp, MDx Health, Quest Diagnostics and Invitae Corp. With respect to our Discovery Services, including our CRO services, we face competition from companies that offer or are developing animal models for tumors and that have capabilities in toxicology and pharmacology testing. Our competitors in our Discovery Services business include Champions Oncology, Crown BioScience (recently acquiredintensifying their global presence by JSR Life Sciences), Eurofins Scientific, and Explora Biolabs.entering untouched markets.


Additionally, projectsProjects related to the molecular mechanisms driving cancer development have received increased government funding, both in the United States and internationally. The National Cancer Institutes'Institutes’ Cancer Moonshot is anticipated to increase both patient awareness and federal government funding for research and clinical trials. The Federal Government has committed $1.8 billion over a 7 year7-year period to fund the 21st21st Century Cures Act. As more information regarding cancer genomics and biomarkers becomes available to the public, we anticipatethe Company anticipates that more products aimed at identifying targeted treatment options will be developed and that these products may compete with ours. In addition, competitors may develop their own versions of our tests in countries where we did not apply for patents or where our patents have not issued and compete with us in those countries, including encouraging the use of their test by physicians or patients in other countries.its products.


Third-Party Suppliers


We maintain control, validationThe Company currently relies on third-party suppliers for its specialized research and quality assurance over our NGS panels, DNA microarraysscientific instrumentation and probes. Our microarraysrelated supplies of reagents, tumor cell lines, and NGS panels are designed in our facility by our scientists and technicians using state ofother inventory for it to successfully perform its CRO services for its customers. In addition, the art genomic mapping and analysis software. The specifications for our NGS panels are sent to Thermo Fisher Scientific (Ion Torrent) and Illumina for final manufacturing. Our NGS panels are manufactured under strict quality control and compliance. Upon manufacturing our custom, proprietary NGS panels, they are shipped back to our Rutherford facility for testing and acceptance.

We also currently relyCompany relies on contracted manufacturers and collaborative partners to produce materials necessary for ourits FHACT® and FDA-cleared Tissue of Origin® tests. We planThe Company plans to continue to rely on these manufacturers and collaborative partners to manufacture these materials. We order laboratory and research supplies from large national laboratory supply companies. We doThe Company does not believe a short termshort-term disruption from any one of these suppliers would have a material effect on our business.its business, nor has the Company experienced any disruptions due to COVID-19.


Patents and Proprietary Technology


Our business developsThe Company has proprietary tests that enable oncologists and pathologists at hospitals, cancer centers, and physician offices to properly diagnose and inform cancer treatment. We relyThe Company relies on a combination of patents, patent applications, trademarks, trade secrets, know-how, as well as various contractual arrangements, in order to protect the proprietary aspects of ourits technology. WeThe Company may also license ourits technology to others. We believeThe Company believes that no single patent, technology, trademark, intellectual property asset or license is material to ourits business as a whole.


OurUntil the Business Disposals, the Company’s patent portfolio consistsconsisted of 20 issued U.S. patents, 5 pending U.S. applications, and more than 40 foreign patents.We manage our patent assets Most of this intellectual property was transferred to safeguard them andthose parties the Company entered into to maximize their value. Ourcomplete the Business Disposals. The Company’s key remaining patents currently include:


•Hematological cancers. We haveThe Company has two U.S. patents (U.S. Patent Nos. 8,580,713 and 8,557,747), directed to MatBA®, a microarray for detecting (and distinguishing) particular types of mature B cell neoplasms present in typical non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. These patents cover ourthe Company’s trademarked MatBA® microarray and are directed to both the microarray itself as well as associated methodologies designed to detect the particular type of mature B cell neoplasm present in a patient. The MatBA® microarray patents issued from the first of ourthe Company’s family of applications in the microarray space. The term of these patents runs through 2030.


Solid Tumors. We have 12 U.S. patents, including (U.S. Patent Nos. 7,049,059, 7,560,543, 7,732,144, 8,586,311, 8,026,062, 6,956,111, 6,905,821, 7,005,278, 6,686,155, 7,138,507, as well as numerous foreign patents. These patents relate to certain aspects of the gene expression technology used in our solid tumor tests. •The term of these patents runs through 2023.

We haveCompany has four U.S. patents (U.S. Patent Nos. 8,977,506, 8,321,137, 7,747,547 and 8,473,217) covering ourits Tissue of Origin® Test. These patents are directed at systems and methods for detecting biological features in solid tumors. The term of these patents run through 2030.


Urogenital cancers. We have two U.S. patents (U.S. Patent Nos. 8,603,948 and 8,716,193) directed to a novel, highly sensitive and specific probe panel which detects the type of renal cortical neoplasm present in a biopsy sample. These patents cover a probe that permits diagnosis of the predominant subtypes of renal cortical neoplasms without the use of invasive methods and provides a molecular cytogenetic method for detecting and analyzing the type of renal cortical neoplasm present in a renal biopsy sample. The term of these patents runs through 2027.

•HPV-Associated Cancers. We haveThe Company has three U.S. patents (U.S. Patent Nos. 9,157,129, 8,865,882 and 8,883,414) that cover methods for detecting HPV-associated cancers used in ourits FHACT® test. The term of these patents run through 2031.


•FISH Probes. We haveThe Company has two patents covering ourits FISH probes. These patents cover probes and methodologies designed to detect and analyze particular chromosomal translocations (genetic lesions) associated with a wide range of cancers using a technique known as FISH and serve as the backbone for several of ourits other pending patent applications, which are more specifically geared towards other probes (and methodologies). The term of these patents run through 2022.


In addition to patents, we holdUntil the Business Disposals, the Company held twenty-six U.S. registered trademarks, including a federal registration for the term “CGI” as well as three U.S. trademark applications and one foreign trademark registration for certain of ourits proprietary tests and services. OurThe Company transferred the ownership of these trademarks to the Buyer, subject to a royalty-free license to

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strategic use of distinctive trademarks has garnered increased name recognition and brand awareness for our tests and services within the industry.

Through our clinical laboratory in Rutherford, New Jersey, we provide several clinical services that utilize our proprietary trade secrets. In particular, we maintain trade secrets with respect to specimen accessioning, sample preparation, and certain aspects of cytogenetic and molecular analyses. All of our trade secrets are kept under strict confidence, and we take all reasonable steps, including the use of non-disclosure agreements and confidentiality agreements, to ensure that our confidential information is not unlawfully disseminated. We also conduct training sessions on the importance of maintaining and protecting trade secrets with our scientific staff and laboratory directors and supervisors.

In the past, we had licensed certainsuch intellectual property including patents, fromfor six months after following the University of Southern California,closing, and subject to its right to request an additional six months, which request has been made. The Company also owns the National Cancer Institute for a number of extraction methodologies and related technologies for some of our solid tumor tests, and the National Cancer Institute or Stanford Universitytrademark for the development of diagnostic assays and predictive models. However, we no longer utilize these technologies in our consolidated facility in New Jersey.vivoPharm trade name, which is the primary revenue-generating business unit.

Our success in remaining an innovator in the diagnostic services industry by continuing to develop and introduce new tests, technology and services will depend, in part, on our ability to license new and improved technologies on favorable terms. Other companies or individuals, including our competitors, may obtain patents or other property rights on tests and processes that may be performing, particularly in such emerging areas as gene-based testing that could prevent or interfere with our ability to develop, perform or sell our tests or operate our business.


Operations and Production Facilities


WeAs a preclinical oncology contract research organization (CRO), the Company's leased facilities are underway withbuilt to house immunocompromised animals and specialized models. They incorporate surgical suites, gowning rooms, and holding rooms. In order to ensure an environment of utmost sterility, while also minimizing the implementation of a “best-of-breed” enterprise laboratory management system licensed from multiple business partnersworkload by negating dependency on cage-wash infrastructure, the Company relies on its landlords and licensors to support a fully-integrated system across two of our U.S.-based sites. We anticipate this system to be on-line bymanage the end of 2019. In addition to harmonizing our workflow, improving our turn-around times, and creating better operational efficiencies, it will allow us to connect with electronic medical records providers to facilitate seamless communication between our clinical laboratories and the oncologist or pathologistvivarium’s at the test ordering site. We do this integration through utilizing HL7 interfaces, which are standard in health care information technology systems. We currently employ HL7 for its integration with a revenue cycle management company, as well as with electronic medical records partners. The use of the HL7 interface allows systems written in different languages and running on different platforms to be able to talk to each other through the use of an abstracted data layer.animal facilities. This means that we do not have to spend significant extra time designing and developing common communications protocols when integrating with other electronichealth records systems or billing systems providers.

When a customer obtains a specimen from a patient for oncology testing, he or she will complete a requisition form (either by hand or electronically, or via electronic medical records technology), and package the specimen for shipment to us. Once we receive the specimen at our laboratory and we enter all pertinent information about the specimen into our clinical laboratory information system, one of our laboratory professionals prepares the specimen for diagnosis. The prepared specimen is sent to one of our pathologists or medical directors who is experienced in making the diagnosis requested by the referring oncologist or pathologist.

After diagnosis, our pathologist uses our laboratory information systems to prepare a comprehensive report, which includes any relevant images associated with the specimen. Our clinical reporting portal, cgireports.com, allows a referring oncologist or pathologist to access his/her test results in real time in a secure manner, consistent with the privacy and security requirements of HIPAA. The reports are generated in industry standard PDF formats which allows for high definition color images to be reproduced clearly. This portal has been fully operational at our facilities since 2011.more investment of time and energy into scientific endeavors.


In most cases we provide both the technical analysis and professional diagnosis, although we also fulfill requests from oncologists and pathologists for only one service or the other. If an oncologist or pathologist at the hospital, cancer center, reference laboratory or physician office requires only the analysis, we prepare the data and then return it to the referring oncologist or pathologist for assessment and diagnosis.

Quality Assurance


We are committed to maintaining a standard of clinical excellence and to providing reliable and accurate laboratory services to our customers. To that goal, our independent Quality Assurance Unit (QAU) has implemented a comprehensive and integrated Quality Management System (QMS) designed to drive consistent high quality testing services while ensuring the highest ethical standards across our enterprise. We believe this commitment and execution of our quality systems is a key differentiator in our biopharma services business.


Our QMS documents quality assurance policies as well as the quality control procedures that are necessary to ensure we offer a consistently high quality of testing services. Our quality management program is designed to satisfy all the requirements necessary for local, state, and federal regulations as our laboratories are both CLIA-certified and CAP-accredited (including our biorepository), and comply with states’ heightened standards (such as California and New York State) in order to maintain licensures, permits and regulatory approvals applicable to our business. In addition, our QMS satisfies the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requirements for clinical trialsnonclinical studies conduct and content, computer systems validation, electronic records and signatures, and the Good Clinical Laboratory Practices (GCLP)Practice (GLP). For additional information on our clinical laboratory licensure and permitting, please review our Risk Factors.

The overall goal of the QMS is to ensure that all patient results meet laboratory specifications and client specifications during the pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases of sample management and reporting of results. The system is maintained and continually improved through the regular use and review of our quality policies, customers’ and employees’ feedback, internal and external audit or inspection results, corrective and preventive actions, key performance indicator trends, data analysis, continuous monitoring of testing methods and management review. To date, while inspected several times by FDA, we have not received any findings of violations or inspection citations on FDA’s Form 483.

The management team at each of our licensed and permitted laboratory facilities ensures that equipment and reagents are properly selected, qualified, maintained and disposed of according to established procedures and manufacturer's instructions. All clinical assays performed in our laboratories are validated per applicable state and federal regulations prior to being processed in the laboratory as diagnostic testing services. We provide training for all personnel as required under CLIA and applicable state clinical laboratory regulations, which includes comprehensive training on our QMS, assigned work processes and technical procedures. We also provide continuing education programs for the ongoing professional development of all laboratory employees.


Quality indicators, which are metrics related to ensuring accurate and reliable test results, are routinely tracked at each of our facilities and are compared to previously determined benchmarks. These indicators are reviewed periodically by our clinicalscientific management team and include key performance indicators, (such as test volume, turn-around-time (TAT), number of abnormal case, number of failures), non-conformance indicators (deviations, corrective and preventives actions), proficiency testing reports, and customer satisfaction surveys. We leverage third-party provided proficiency testing whenever practicable to provide objective analysis of our QMS and procedures, and we implement internal review protocols for assays for which third-party proficiency testing is not available.


Our facilities and QMS are audited internally on a periodic basis for compliance with applicable regulations, policies, analytical plans and internal standard operating procedures. Any needed revisions to the QMS that are identified through these audits are made to ensure continued compliance with applicable standards, and we believe that all pertinentwe meet State and Federal regulations ofin the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA), Centers for Diseases Control (CDC) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and FDA are satisfied within our QMS.geographies where we operate.


Customer satisfaction is another key to successful implementation of our QMS. We routinely monitor customer input and complaints, and actively solicit feedback from customers by way of survey.take necessary actions to assure their satisfaction. Our management team encourages employees to communicate any concerns they may have with respect to scientific misconduct, quality and safety.


In addition to maintaining a robust QMS, we have defined a plan approved by the Business Continuity Plan Team that covers a wide range of disaster recovery and business continuity issues including data recovery. Both the business continuity and disaster recovery plans are reviewed on an annual basis.


Third-Party Payor Reimbursement

Depending on the billing arrangement and applicable law, we may be reimbursed for clinical services by: third-party payors that provide coverage to the patient, such as an insurance company, managed care organization or a governmental payor program; physicians or other authorized parties (such as hospitals or independent laboratories) that order testing service or otherwise refer the services to us; or the patient. In 2018, we derived approximately 8% of our total revenue from Medicare and 19% of our total revenue from other third party payors that includes managed care organizations and other health care providers. In 2017, we derived approximately 25% of our total revenue from other third party payors, including managed care organizations and other health care insurance providers, and 12% from Medicare.We are not currently reimbursed by any party for testing or clinical services performed in the European Union on samples from EU persons, and therefore we believe we are not yet subject to reimbursement and pricing requirements under European Economic Area (“EEA”) or EEA member state law.

In the United States, where there is a coverage policy, contract or agreement in place, we bill the third-party payor, the hospital

or referring laboratory as well as the patient (for deductibles and coinsurance or copayments, where applicable) in accordance with the policy, contractual terms and applicable law. Where there is no coverage policy, contract or agreement in place, we pursue reimbursement on behalf of each patient on a case-by-case basis and rely on applicable billing standards to guide our claims. In addition, we have implemented a patient financial assistance program (CGI MAP Program) that is consistent with Federal guidelines. In states that have so-called “direct billing” laws, which require clinical laboratories to submit invoices directly to the patient, and not through the physician or health care provider, we comply with such requirements.

We are reimbursed for three categories of tests: (1) genetic and molecular testing; (2) anatomic pathology and immunohistochemistry testing and (3) general immunology and flow cytometry. In the United States, reimbursement under the Medicare program for the diagnostic services that we offer is based on either the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule (PFS) or Medicare Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule (CLFS). The PFS is subject to geographic adjustments and is updated annually; this was the case for the CLFS, as well, until January 1, 2018. Starting January 1, 2018, the CLFS is updated every three years, and it is not subject to geographic adjustments or multifactor productivity adjustments. Medical services provided to Medicare beneficiaries that are performed by physicians or that require a degree of physician supervision or other involvement, such as pathology tests, are generally reimbursed under the Medicare PFS, whereas clinical diagnostic laboratory tests are generally reimbursed under the CLFS. Most of the services that we provide for Medicare beneficiaries are for genetic and molecular testing, which are reimbursed as clinical diagnostic laboratory tests under the CLFS. There is currently no copayment or deductible required for tests paid under the CLFS, although Congress periodically has considered implementing such a requirement. Services paid for under the PFS are subject to copayments and deductibles.

In addition, Congress routinely lowered or eliminated the update factor that would otherwise apply to the applicable CLFS payment. For example, under the health care reform legislation, passed in 2010, payments under the CLFS were reduced by 1.75% through 2015 and, in addition, a productivity adjustment, further reducing payment rates also was imposed. In addition, in February 2012, Congress passed the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012, which required that the CLFS be “rebased” by -2%. As a result of these changes, for 2015 the CLFS was reduced by -.25%.

In 2014, Congress passed the Protecting Access to Medicare Act (PAMA) which changes the way CMS establishes Medicare reimbursement rates for clinical laboratory services under the CLFS. Under PAMA Sec. 216, certain laboratories (including our laboratories that provide clinical services) are required to report the amount that they are paid by private payors and the associated volumes for each test beginning in January 2017. CMS is to use this data to calculate a weighted median for each test. The first data collection period was January 1 through June 30, 2016, private payor rates and the associated volumes were reported to CMS between January 1 and May 30, 2017, and the new rates became effective on January 1, 2018. The law limits the amount by which a CLFS reimbursement rate can be reduce from year to year (10 percent in each of the first three years and 15 percent in each of the three subsequent years). This data collection and reporting process will be repeated every three years for most tests, although price and volume data for Advanced Diagnostic Laboratory Tests (ADLTs) will be reported every year ADLTs receive special payment treatment under the law, being paid initially at the test’s actual list price, and afterwards having the weighted median adjusted annually to closely reflect the current private payor market. A test that meets the definition of an ADLT does not automatically become one under PAMA; rather, the laboratory offering the test voluntarily applies for ADLT designation for such a test. It is possible that some of our tests could be considered ADLTs, which will require us to report prices annually. In addition, we may also be required to obtain a code from CMS or an entity that it designates for our tests that have not previously had a code.

Tests that meet the criteria for being considered new advanced tests will be paid at actual list charge during an initial period of three calendar quarters. Once the initial period is over, payment for new, advanced tests would be based on the weighted median private payor rate reported by the single laboratory that performs the new ADLT. Advanced tests are tests furnished by only one laboratory that include a unique algorithm and, at a minimum, are an analysis of RNA, DNA or proteins or are cleared or approved by the FDA. Applicable laboratories must report data that includes the payment rate (reflecting all discounts, rebates, coupons and other price concessions) and the volume of each test that was paid by each private payor (including health insurance issuers, group health plans, Medicare Advantage plans and Medicaid managed care organizations). The definition of “applicable” lab may exclude certain types of laboratories that generally received more favorable pricing than other laboratories, and thus the make-up of laboratories reporting pricing data to CMS under the proposed rule may result in lower overall pricing data. Beginning in 2017, the Medicare payment rate for each clinical diagnostic lab test is equal to the weighted median amount for the test from the most recent data collection period. For example, laboratories were required to collect private payor data from January 1, 2016 through June 30, 2016 and report it to CMS by March 31, 2017. The new Medicare CLFS rates (based on weighted median private payor rates) were released in November 2017 and were effective on January 1, 2018. Also for the years 2017 through 2019, the amount of reduction in the Medicare rate (if any) shall not exceed 10 percent from the prior year’s rate and for the years 2020 through 2022, any reduction shall not exceed 15 percent from the prior year’s rate. It is too early to predict the impact on reimbursement for our tests reimbursed under the CLFS, though we believe the government’s goal is to reduce Medicare program payments for CLFS tests. Specifically, CMS states that it anticipates the

effect of the proposed rule on the Medicare program to save $360 million in program payments for CLFS tests furnished in FY 2017, and to save $5.14 billion over 10 years. CMS has also proposed that a laboratory’s failure to comply with reporting obligations, or a laboratory that makes a misrepresentation or omission in reporting required information, would be a violation of the Civil Monetary Penalties Law. Also under PAMA, CMS is required to adopt temporary billing codes to identify new tests and new advanced diagnostic laboratory tests that have been cleared or approved by the FDA. For an existing test that is cleared or approved by the FDA and for which Medicare payment is made, CMS is required to assign a unique billing code if one has not already been assigned by the agency. Further, PAMA provides special payment status to “advanced diagnostic laboratory tests,” or ADLTs, to allow such ADLTs to be paid using their actual list charge amount during a certain time frame. We cannot determine at this time the full impact of the new law on our business, financial condition and results of operations. CMS also adopts regulations and policies, from time to time, revising, limiting or excluding coverage or reimbursement for certain of the tests that we perform. Likewise, many state governments are under budget pressures and are also considering reductions to their Medicaid fees. Further, Medicare, Medicaid and other third party payors audit for overutilization of billed services. Even though all tests performed by us are ordered by our clients, who are responsible for establishing the medical necessity for the tests ordered, we may be subject to recoupment of payments, as the recipient of the payments for such tests, in the event that a third party payor such as CMS determines that the tests failed to meet all applicable criteria for payment. When third party payors like CMS revise their coverage regulations or policies, our costs generally increase due to the complexity of complying with additional administrative requirements. Furthermore, Medicaid reimbursement and regulations vary by state. Accordingly, we are subject to varying administrative and billing regulations, which also increase the complexity of servicing such programs and our administrative costs. Finally, state budget pressures have encouraged states to consider several courses that may impact our business, such as delaying payments, restricting coverage eligibility, service coverage restrictions and imposing taxes on our services.

Certain of our tests are paid under the Medicare PFS, rather than the CLFS. Tests paid for under the PFS are based on “relative value units” (RVUs) established for each service. These RVUs are then multiplied by a conversion factor to arrive at a monetary amount. Until recently, each year, CMS calculated an update to this conversion factor based on a formula included in the Medicare law, referred to as the Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) Formula. When it applied, this SGR formula often would require a decrease in reimbursement unless Congress acted to overturn this result. As a result, Congress consistently passed legislation to prevent implementation of significant cuts that would otherwise be effective. For 2014, CMS had projected the reimbursement cut resulting from the SGR formula would be approximately 20 percent, unless Congress acted to prevent the reduction.

On April 16, 2015, President Obama signed the Medicare and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA. MACRA repealed the provisions related to the Medicare SGR formula and implements a new physician payment system that is designed to reward the quality of care. In addition, it extended the current Medicare Physician Fee Schedule rates through June 2015, and then increased them by 0.5 percent for the remainder of 2015. Beginning on January 1, 2016, the rates are scheduled to increase annually by 0.5 percent, through 2019. For 2020 through 2025 payments will be frozen, although payment will be adjusted to account for performance on certain quality metrics under the Merit-Based Incentive Payment Systems (MIPS) or to reflect physician participation in alternative payment models (APMs). For 2026 and subsequent years, qualified APM participants receive an annual 0.75% update on Medicare physician payment rates, while those not participating receive a 0.25% annual payment update, plus any applicable MIPS-based payment adjustments. It is too early to determine how these changes may impact our business.

On October 30, 2015, CMS issued the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule Final Rule for 2016, which set out policies that were effective January 2016. Among those policy changes are reductions in the payments for flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, two types of tests that we frequently perform. CMS has also stated that certain of these same tests may be considered "misvalued" which means they could be subject to additional scrutiny in the future. The CY 2017 Physician Fee Schedule final rule reduced reimbursement rates for flow cytometry by approximately 19%. However, CMS did not finalize its proposal to combine flow cytometry codes 88184 and 88185 into one code. In the CY 2018 Physician Fee Schedule final rule, reimbursement for flow cytometry (additional markers) and immunohistochemistry was reduced further. At this time, we are still assessing the potential impact of these changes. On July 12, 2018, CMS proposed a change to the definition of “applicable lab” in the 2019 Physician Fee Schedule Proposed Rule to include a broader category of laboratories and may alter our reimbursement in ways that are unforeseeable at this time.

Medicare also has policies that may limit when we can bill directly for our services and when we must instead bill another provider, such as a hospital. When the testing that we perform is done on a specimen that was collected while the patient was in the hospital, as either an inpatient or outpatient, we may be required to bill the hospital for some of our services, rather than the Medicare program, depending on whether or not the service was ordered more than 14 days after the patient’s discharge from the hospital and depending on the nature of the test. In the CY 2018 Outpatient Prospective Payment System final rule, CMS finalized a policy that permits a laboratory to bill the Medicare program directly for molecular pathology tests and ADLTs

under certain conditions: (1) the test is performed following the hospital outpatient’s discharge; (2) the specimen was collected during a hospital encounter; (3) it was medically appropriate to have collected the specimen during the hospital encounter; (4) the results of the test do not guide treatment during the hospital encounter; and (5) the test was reasonable and medically necessary for treatment of an illness. These requirements are complex and time-consuming and, depending on what they require, and the administrative burden associated with these requirements may affect our ability to collect for our services.

In addition, as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012, signed into law by President Obama on February 22, 2012, Congress eliminated the special billing rule that had allowed laboratories to bill Medicare for the technical component of certain pathology services furnished to patients of qualifying hospitals. Effective July 1, 2012, independent laboratories, like our laboratories, are required to bill the hospital, rather than the Medicare Program, for the technical component of these services in most instances.

Our reimbursement rates from private third-party payors can vary based on whether we are considered to be an “in-network” provider, a participating provider, a covered provider or an “out-of-network” provider. These definitions can vary from insurance company to insurance company, but we are generally considered an “out of network” or non- participating provider in the vast majority of our cases. It is not unusual for a company that offers highly specialized or unique testing to be an “out of network” provider. An “in-network” provider usually has a contracted arrangement with the insurance company or benefits provider. This contract governs, among other things, service-level agreements and reimbursement rates. In certain instances an insurance company may negotiate an “in-network” rate for our testing rather than pay the typical “out-of-network” rate. An “in-network” provider usually has rates that are lower per test than those that are “out-of-network”, and that rate is based on the Medicare CLFS. The discount rate varies based on the insurance company, the testing type and the often times the specifics of the patient’s insurance plan. The varying rates may affect our ability to receive reimbursement that is sufficient to cover the costs of our services.

We have contracts with commercial insurance carriers that provide access to certain of our tests. When a test is covered as part of these contracts it is paid at the rate stated in the contract. The Company also has preferred provider agreements and when a claim is processed through one of these organizations, reimbursement is based on usual and customary fees in the specific geography with a discount applied. It is not clear at this time the effect geographic rate variance will have on our business.

Billing Codes for Third-Party Payor Reimbursement

CPT codes are the main data code set used by physicians, hospitals, laboratories and other health care professionals to report separately-payable clinical laboratory tests for reimbursement purposes. The CPT coding system is maintained and updated on an annual basis by the American Medical Association. Although there is no specific code to report microarrays for oncology, such as our MatBA®-CLL, there are existing codes that describe all of the steps in our MatBA®-CLL testing process. We currently use a combination of different codes to describe the various steps in our testing process. Many of the CPT codes used to bill for molecular pathology tests such as ours have been significantly revised by the CPT Code Editorial Panel. These new codes replace the more general “stacking” codes that were previously used to bill for these services with more test-specific codes, which became effective January 2013. In the CY 2013 Physician Fee Schedule Final Rule, which was issued in November 2012, CMS stated that it had determined it would pay for molecular pathology tests as clinical laboratory tests, which are payable on the Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule (CLFS), rather than as physician services payable under the Physician Fee Schedule (PFS). CMS also stated that it would “gapfill” the new codes; that is, ask the contractors to determine a reasonable price for the new codes. This process was completed in 2013. Starting January 1, 2018, these codes have been priced based on the weighted median of private payor rates reported to CMS by certain laboratories, in the same way that all other tests on the CLFS are.

Among the codes that have been created by the American Medical Association’s CPT Editorial Panel is a specific subset of codes called Multi-analyte Assays with Algorithmic Analysis (MAAAs). These tests typically use an algorithm applied to certain specific components to arrive at a score that is used to predict a particular clinical outcome. CMS stated that it will not issue a categorical determination for all MAAA tests, but will consider on its own merits each individual test that is classified by the CPT as a MAAA. On September 25, 2015, CMS released its Preliminary Determinations for new CPT codes effective in 2016, including several new MAAA CPT codes. CMS had proposed "crosswalking" these codes to an unrelated test, resulting in a significant cut in their reimbursement. However, on November 17, 2015, CMS reversed its policy and directed that the tests be gapfilled by the local contractors. It is expected that many of these MAAA codes may be considered and reimbursed as ADLTs For 2017, none of our revenue was derived from tests that may be considered MAAAs.

As of January 1, 2014 we are utilizing the “Not Otherwise Classified” (NOC) codes when billing for some of our MAAAtests. The reimbursement policies for the NOC codes vary from payor to payor with regard to specific tests, although some payors adopt other payors’ policies as their own. This extends our revenue cycle for these particular tests, where the normal timeframe for reimbursement of a claim is approximately 90 to 180 days. These tests can take upwards of a year or more to be reimbursed. There can be no guarantees that Medicare and other payors will establish positive or adequate coverage policies or reimbursement rates

in the future. We continue to work with Medicare and managed care plans to obtain billing codes for our tests, however it is uncertain to determine the results of these efforts. A specific code for our tests does not assure an adequate coverage policy or reimbursement rate. Please see the section entitled “Legislative and Regulatory Changes Impacting Clinical Laboratory Tests” for further discussion of certain legislative and regulatory changes to these billing codes and the impact on our business.

Coverage and Reimbursement for Our Proprietary Tests

We have been able to receive reimbursement for our tests from some payors based on their established policies, including major commercial third-party payors.

The current landscape with payors is generally as follows:

Commercial Third-party Payors and Patient Pay. Where there is a coverage policy in place, we bill the payor and the patient in accordance with the established policy and state and federal law. Where there is no coverage policy in place, we pursue reimbursement on behalf of each patient on a case-by-case basis. Our efforts in obtaining reimbursement based on individual claims, including pursuing appeals or reconsiderations of claims denials, take a substantial amount of time, and bills may not be paid for many months, if at all. Furthermore, if a third-party payor denies coverage after final appeal, payment may not be received at all. We are working to decrease risks of nonpayment by implementing a revenue cycle management system. Third party payors are still establishing payment policies for panel-based tests.

Medicare and Medicaid. We believe that as much as 30% to 40% of our future market for our tests may be derived from patients covered by Medicare and Medicaid.

We cannot predict whether, or under what circumstances, payors will reimburse our proprietary tests. Payment amounts can also vary across individual policies. Denial of coverage by payors, or reimbursement at inadequate levels, would have a material adverse impact on market acceptance of our tests. Payors who currently reimburse us for our tests may decide not to in the future. We cannot predict which payors who currently cover our tests will continue to do so in the future.

Legislative and Regulatory Changes Impacting Clinical Laboratory Tests

From time to time, Congress has revised the Medicare statute and the formulas it establishes for both the Medicare Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule (CLFS) and the Physician Fee Schedule (PFS). The payment amounts under the Medicare fee schedules are important not only for our reimbursement under Medicare, but also because the schedules often are used as a basis for establishing the payment amounts set by other third party payors. For example, state Medicaid programs are prohibited from paying more than the Medicare fee schedule limit for clinical laboratory services furnished to Medicaid recipients.

Until December 31, 2017, under the statutory formula for clinical laboratory fee schedule amounts, increases were made annually based on the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) as of June 30 for the previous twelve-month period. From 2004 through 2008, Congress eliminated the CPI-U update in the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003. In addition, for years 2009 through 2013, the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 (“MIPPA”) mandated a 0.5% cut to the CPI-U. Accordingly, the update for 2009 was reduced to 4.5% and negative 1.9% for 2010. In March 2010, President Obama signed into law the Affordable Care Act (ACA), which, among other things, imposed additional cuts to the Medicare reimbursement for clinical laboratories. The ACA replaced the 0.5% cut enacted by MIPPA with a “productivity adjustment” that reduced the CPI-U update in payments for clinical laboratory tests. In 2011, the productivity adjustment was -1.2%. In addition, the ACA included a separate 1.75% reduction in the CPI-U update for clinical laboratories for the years 2011 through 2015. On February 22, 2012, President Obama signed the MCTRJCA, which mandated an additional change in reimbursement for clinical laboratory services payments. This legislation required CMS to reduce the Medicare clinical laboratory fee schedule by 2% in 2013, which in turn served as a base for 2014 and subsequent years. Based on the changes required by ACA and MCTRJCA, payment for clinical laboratory services were reduced by approximately 0.25% for 2015.

With respect to our diagnostic services for which we are reimbursed under the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule, because of the statutory formula, the “Sustainable Growth Rate” (SGR), the rates would have decreased for the past several years if Congress failed to intervene. In the past, when the application of the statutory formula resulted in lower payment, Congress has passed interim legislation to prevent the reductions. On November 1, 2012, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services(CMS) issued its CY 2013 Medicare PFS Final Rule. In that rule, CMS called for a reduction of approximately 26.5% in the 2013 conversion factor that is used to calculate physician reimbursement. However, the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which was signed into law on January 2, 2013, prevented this proposed reduction and kept the existing reimbursement rate in effect until December 31, 2013.


For 2014, CMS projected the cut to reimbursement for services furnished under the PFS would be about 24%, unless Congress acted. However, on December 18, 2013, Congress passed legislation that enacted a 0.5% update in the conversion factor, which will be effective until March 31, 2014.On April 1, 2014, President Obama signed the Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014, or PAMA. PAMA extended the 0.5 percent increase through March 31, 2015 and made other changes to laboratory reimbursement discussed below. As discussed above, on April 16, 2015, President Obama signed MACRA, which replaces the SGR process with an alternative payment system.

In addition to the reductions described above, our Medicare payments under both the CLFS and the PFS are also subject to an additional 2% reduction, as a result of “sequestration.” Payments are reduced automatically because the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction, which was created by congress in 2011, was unable to agree on a set of deficit reduction recommendations for Congress to vote on. The reduction is scheduled to continue until 2025.

For the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, approximately 8% and 12%, respectively, of our total revenues are derived from Medicare generally and any changes to the physician fee schedule that result in a decrease in payment could adversely impact our revenues and results of operations.

In addition, periodically CMS also changes its payment policies related to laboratory reimbursement in ways that could have an impact on the revenues of the Company. For example, in CY 2013 PFS Final Rule, CMS included a reduction of certain relative value units and geographic adjustment factors used to determine reimbursement for a number of commonly used pathology codes, including CPT codes 88300, 88302, 88304, and 88305. In particular, the CY 2013 PFS Final Rule implemented a cut of approximately 33% in the global billing code for 88305 and a 52% cut in the Technical Component of that code. These codes describe services that we must perform in connection with our tests and we bill for these codes in connection with the services that we provide. In the CY 2013 PFS Final Rule, CMS also announced how it intended to set prices for the new molecular diagnostic tests, for which the American Medical Association had adopted over 100 new codes. In that rule, CMS announced it intended to continue to pay for the new molecular codes on the CLFS rather than move them to the Physician Fee Schedule, as some stakeholders had urged. It would then request that the Medicare Administrative Contractors “gapfill” the new codes and set an appropriate price for them. That “gapfilling” process took place over 2013 and CMS announced the new prices for these codes in September, 2013. The median of the prices set by the contractors became the new prices for these codes, effective January 1, 2014.

In the CY 2014 PFS Proposed Rule, issued on July 8, 2013, CMS made two proposals that could affect laboratory reimbursement. First, CMS made a proposal to change how it establishes the RVUs used to calculate payments under the PFS. Under this proposal, where a service was paid at a lower rate in the hospital based on the hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment System (OPPS) than it is under the PFS, CMS proposed to reduce the RVUs for that service in order to equalize the payment between the two systems. This change, if implemented, would have resulted in approximately a 25% cut in aggregate payments to independent laboratories. In the CY 2014 PFS Final Rule, however, CMS chose not to implement this proposal, although it stated that it would develop a revised proposal in the future. At this point, it is impossible to know what the impact of such a proposal might be on the Company, were it to be proposed again and finalized.

In addition, in the CY 2014 PFS Proposed Rule, CMS also noted that payments for many codes paid under the Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule have not been revised to reflect technological advances that have occurred since the CLFS was first developed in 1984. The Social Security Act gave the Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting through CMS, the authority to adjust prices on the CLFS that the Secretary believed were “justified by technological changes.” CMS therefore proposed that it would begin to review all codes on the CLFS and adjust them to reflect technological changes, a process that it expected would take about five years. However, in April of 2014, Congress passed the Protecting Access to Medicare Act (PAMA), which eliminated that provision of the Social Security Act and, consequently, the Secretary’s authority to implement its plan to adjust payments based on technological advances.

In PAMA, Congress also changed the way CMS establishes Medicare reimbursement rates for clinical laboratory services on the CLFS. Under PAMA Sec. 216, certain laboratories are required to report the amount that they are paid by third party payors and the associated volume for each test on the CLFS beginning in January 2016. CMS will use this data to calculate a weighted median for each test. The first data collection period was January 1 through June 30, 2016, private payor rates and associated volumes were reported between January 1 and May 30, 2017, and the new rates became effective on January 1, 2018. The law limits the amount by which a CLFS reimbursement rate can be reduced from year to year (10 percent in each of the first three years and 15 percent in each of the three subsequent years). This data collection and reporting process will be repeated every three years for most tests, although laboratories that offer Advanced Diagnostic Laboratory Tests (“ADLTs”) will report private payor rates for those tests every year. A test that meets the definition of an ADLT does not automatically become one under PAMA; rather, the laboratory offering the test voluntarily applies for ADLT designation for such a test. It is possible that some of our tests could be considered ADLTs, and if we applied for ADLT designation for such tests, we would be required to report prices for those tests

annually. In addition, we may also be required to obtain a code from CMS or an entity that it designates for our tests that have not previously had a unique code.

CMS made several other changes in recent Medicare PFS rules that impact our business. In the CY 2015 PFS Final Rule, CMS implemented a policy that bundles payment for the examination of 10 or more prostate biopsies for an individual patient, rather than paying separately for each individual procedure as had been done previously. This will result in a significant reduction in reimbursement on each of these procedures. That year it also developed new prices for Immunohistochemistry procedures, based on new CPT codes that were developed to describe the procedures. In the CY 2016 final rule, CMS finalized standard times for certain pathology clinical labor tasks, and in the CY 2017 final rule, it said it may adopt standard times for other pathology labor tasks in the future. In 2014, CMS also implemented an edit under its National Correct Coding Initiative, under which it will pay only for a single unit of service when we perform a FISH (Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization) test. As many FISH tests require two or more probes, this change will also reduce the reimbursement received by the Company.

Further, with respect to the Medicare Program, Congress has proposed on several occasions to impose a 20% coinsurance on patients for clinical laboratory tests reimbursed under CLFS, which would require us to bill patients for these amounts. Because of the relatively low reimbursement for many clinical laboratory tests, in the event that Congress ever were to enact such legislation, the cost of billing and collecting for these services would often exceed the amount actually received from the patient and effectively increase our costs of billing and collecting.

Finally, some of our Medicare claims may be subject to policies issued by Palmetto GBA, the current Medicare Administrative Contractor for Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia. In 2013, Palmetto issued a Local Coverage Determination that affects coverage, coding and billing of many molecular diagnostic tests. Under this Local Coverage Determination, Palmetto will not cover any molecular diagnostic tests, including our tests, unless the test is expressly included in a National Coverage Determination issued by CMS or a Local Coverage Determination or coverage article issued by Palmetto. Currently, laboratory providers may submit coverage determination requests to Palmetto for consideration and apply for a unique billing code for each test (which is a separate process from the coverage determination). In the event that a non-coverage determination is issued, the laboratory must wait six months following the determination to submit a new request. In addition, effective May 1, 2012, Palmetto implemented the Molecular Diagnostic Services Program (“MolDx”), under which, among other things, a laboratory must use a newly-assigned unique test identifier when submitting a claim for a molecular test. These unique test identifiers enable Palmetto to measure utilization and apply coverage determinations. Denial of coverage by Palmetto, or reimbursement at inadequate levels, would have a material adverse impact on market acceptance of our tests. Certain other Medicare contractors are also following the policies adopted by Palmetto for molecular diagnostic tests.

Governmental Regulations


Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 and State Regulation

As a diagnostic service provider, we are required to hold certain federal, state and local licenses, certifications and permits to conduct our business. As to federal certifications, in 1988, Congress passed the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (“CLIA”) establishing quality standards for all laboratories testing to ensure the accuracy, reliability and timeliness of patient test results regardless of where the test was performed. Our U.S.-based laboratories are CLIA accredited. Under CLIA, a laboratory is defined as any facility which performs laboratory testing on specimens derived from humans for the purpose of providing information for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of disease, or the impairment of, or assessment of health. CLIA also requires that we hold a certificate applicable to the type of work we perform and comply with certain standards. CLIA further regulates virtually all clinical laboratories by requiring they be accredited by the federal government and comply with various operational, personnel, facilities administration, quality and proficiency requirements intended to ensure that their clinical laboratory testing services are accurate, reliable and timely. CLIA compliance and accreditation is also a prerequisite to be eligible to receive payment for services provided to governmental payor program beneficiaries. CLIA is user-fee funded. Therefore, all costs of administering the program must be covered by the regulated facilities, including certification and survey costs.

We are subject to survey and inspection every two years to assess compliance with program standards, and may be subject to additional unannounced inspections. Laboratories performing high complexity testing are required to meet more stringent requirements than laboratories performing less complex tests. In addition, a laboratory like ours that is certified as “high complexity” under CLIA may obtain analyte specific reagents, which are used as the basis for diagnostic tests that are developed and validated for use in examinations the laboratory performs itself known as laboratory-developed tests (“LDTs”).

We participate in the oversight program of the College of American Pathologists (“CAP”). Under CMS requirements, accreditation by CAP is sufficient to satisfy the requirements of CLIA. Therefore, because we are accredited by CAP, we are deemed to also comply with CLIA.

CLIA also provides that a state may adopt laboratory regulations that are more stringent than those under federal law, and a number of states have implemented their own more stringent laboratory regulatory schemes. State laws may require that laboratory personnel meet certain qualifications, specify certain quality controls, or prescribe record maintenance requirements. Our clinical operations at our Rutherford laboratory are required to meet certain state laboratory licensing and other requirements, which in some areas are more stringent than CLIA requirements. Our laboratories are required hold the required licenses and accreditations obtained from the applicable state agencies in which we operate. Two states, New York and Washington, are CLIA-exempt, however, and as such have their own regulatory requirements to which we may be subject to. CMS deemed both New York and Washington as CLIA-exempt because their licensing and supervisory programs are more stringent than that run by CMS and the CDC. New York requires clinical laboratories who accept specimens from New York residents to have both a CLIA and New York Clinical Laboratory Evaluation Program (CLEP) permit. CLEP approval can take up to a year, and can be costly and time consuming. Washington State does not require clinical laboratories to have a CLIA permit, but does require the clinical laboratory to apply for a Washington State lab permit. In general, several state clinical laboratory laws generally require that laboratories and/or laboratory personnel meet certain qualifications. State clinical laboratory laws also generally require laboratories to develop certain quality assurance metrics and to maintain certain records. Several states, including Rhode Island, Florida, Maryland, New York and Pennsylvania, require that clinical laboratories hold “out of state” licenses or permits to test specimens from patients residing in those states, even though the laboratory is not located in such state. From time to time, other states may require out of state laboratories to obtain licensure in order to accept specimens from the state. If we identify any other state with such requirements or if we are contacted by any other state advising us of such requirements, we intend to follow instructions from the state regulators as to how we should comply with such requirements. In addition, the New York Department of Health separately approves certain LDTs offered to New York State patients. The Company has obtained the requisite approvals for its LDTs.

Our Rutherford, New Jersey laboratory is licensed and in good standing under the State Departments of Health standards for New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, California, Florida and Maryland. If we are found to be out of compliance with applicable federal and state statutory or regulatory standards we may be subject to suspension, restriction or revocation of our laboratory license, civil money penalties, and temporary revocation of Medicare billing privileges. A noncompliant laboratory may also be found guilty of a misdemeanor under applicable state laws. A finding of noncompliance, therefore, may result in harm to our business.

Our Hershey,Company’s Pennsylvania and Melbourne, Australia research laboratory facilities comply with Good Laboratory Practices (“GLP”) to the extent required by the FDA, Environmental Protection Agency, USDA, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), as well as other international regulatory agencies. Furthermore, ourthe Company’s early-stage discovery work, which is not subject to GLP standards, is typically carried out under a quality management system or internally developed quality systems. OurThe Company’s facilities are regularly inspected by U.S. and other regulatory compliance monitoring authorities, our clients'its clients’ quality assurance departments, and ourits own internal quality assessment program. We areThe Company is also accredited by AAALAC International, a private, nonprofit organization that promotes the humane treatment of animals in science through voluntary accreditation and assessment programs. We volunteerThe Company volunteers to participate in the AAALAC’s program to demonstrate ourits commitment to responsible animal care and use, in addition to ourits compliance with local, state and federal laws that regulate animal research.


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FDA


The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) regulates the sale or distribution, in interstate commerce, of medical devices under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (“FDCA”), including in vitro diagnostic test kits, reagents and instruments used to perform diagnostic testing. Certain of such devices must undergo premarket review by FDA prior to commercialization unless the device is of a type exempted from such review by statute or pursuant to FDA’s exercise of enforcement discretion. FDA, to date, has not exercised its authority to actively regulate the development and use of LDTs, such as oursthe Company’s, as medical devices and therefore we dothe Company does not believe that ourits LDTs currently require premarket clearance or approval.


Section 1143 of the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act, signed by the President on July 9, 2012, requires FDA to notify Congress at least 60 days prior to issuing a draft or final guidance regulating LDTS and provide details of the anticipated action. On July 31, 2014, FDA notified Congress pursuant to the FDASIA that it intended to issue draft Guidances that would regulate LDTs. On October 3, 2014, the FDA issued two separate draft guidances: “Framework for Regulatory Oversight of Laboratory Developed Tests (LDTs)” (“The Framework Draft Guidance”) and “FDA Notification and Medical Device Reporting for Laboratory Developed Tests” (the “Notification Draft Guidance.”). In the Framework Draft Guidance, FDA states that after the Guidances are finalized, it no longer would exercise enforcement discretion with respect to most LDTs and instead would, regulate them in a risk-based manner consistent with the existing classification of medical devices.

The Framework Draft Guidance states that within six months after the Guidances were finalized, all laboratories would be required to give notice to the FDA and provide basic information concerning the nature of the LDTs offered. The FDA then would begin

a phased-in review of the LDTs available, based on the risk associated with the tests. For the highest risk LDTs, which the FDA classifies as Class III devices, the Framework Draft Guidance stated that the FDA would begin to require premarket review within 12 months after the Guidance was finalized. Other high risk LDTs would be reviewed over the next four years and then lower risk tests (Class II tests) would be reviewed in the following four to nine years. The Framework Draft Guidance stated that FDA expected to issue a separate Guidance describing the criteria for its risk-based classification 18-24 months after the Guidances were finalized.

On November 18, 2016, the FDA stated that it would not be issuing final guidance on regulation of LDTs and, instead, it would outline its view of an appropriate risk-based approach to LDTs. On January 13, 2017, the FDA released a “Discussion Paper on Laboratory Developed Tests” that synthesizes the feedback that the agency received from various stakeholders on FDA regulation of LDTs “with the hope that it advances public discussion on LDT oversight.” The FDA stated in the introduction to the discussion paper: “The synthesis does not represent the formal thinking of the FDA, nor is it enforceable…This document does not represent a final version of the LDT draft guidance documents that were published in 2014.” Rather, its purpose is to allow for further public discussion and to give Congress a chance to develop a legislative solution. The discussion paper sets forth a prospective oversight framework that would focus on new and significantly modified high- and moderate-risk LDTs and under which LDTs marketed before the effective date of the framework would not be expected to comply with most or all FDA regulatory requirements. Also exempt would be low-risk LDTs, LDTs for rare diseases, and others. Premarket review would be phased in over four years, and those tests introduced between the framework’s effective date and their phase-in date could continue to be offered for clinical use during the period of premarket review. FDA would expand its third-party premarket review program to include LDTs and coordinate with and leverage existing programs, such as New York State’s Clinical Laboratory Evaluation Program and the programs run by organizations run by CLIA to accredit laboratories.

A number of Congressional committees reportedly continue to work with various stakeholders to consider different approaches to regulation of LDTs. It is unclear at this time whether those committees and stakeholders can reach consensus around an approach and develop legislation and whether Congress would pass any such legislation. FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb has stated publicly that it would be preferable for Congress to develop a clear legislative framework for the FDA to implement, rather than for the FDA to regulate LDTs through guidance documents. On August 3, 2018, FDA provided Congressional committee staff technical assistance on the discussion draft entitled the Diagnostic Accuracy and Innovation Act (DAIA). In FDA’s technical assistance, FDA reiterated that it supported the goal of legislation to create pathways to market for all in vitro clinical tests (IVCTs). We are monitoring developments in Congress, and in the meantime, we maintain our CLIA accreditation, which permits the use of LDTs for diagnostics purposes.

In addition to the Draft Guidances discussed above, the FDA has taken other actions that could have an impact on our business. In 2013, the FDA issued Final Guidance for industry regarding appropriate labeling and distribution practices for in vitro diagnostic products intended for research or investigational use only. FDA’s guidance cautions that labeling or distribution practices that conflict with research or investigational use (e.g., use in clinical diagnostic applications) could subject products shipped with research or investigational use labeling to all applicable requirements of the FDCA as well as enforcement action. As a result of this guidance from the FDA, component suppliers for our LDTs may no longer be willing to distribute components to our clinical laboratory. If this were to occur, we could not produce our LDTs.

On August 6, 2014, the FDA also issued its Final Guidance on In Vitro Companion Diagnostic Devices. According to the Guidance, companion diagnostic devices are in vitro diagnostic devices that provide information that is essential for the safe and effective use of a corresponding therapeutic product. The Guidance notes that in most circumstances, FDA expects to approve or clear a companion diagnostic device and its corresponding therapeutic product contemporaneously, based on the label of the therapeutic product. On July 15, 2016, the FDA released the draft guidance, “Principles for Codevelopment of an In Vitro Companion Diagnostic Device with a Therapeutic Product.” This draft guidance is intended to serve as a guide to assist therapeutic sponsors and in vitro companion diagnostics sponsors in co-developing therapeutic products with an accompanying companion diagnostic, and in fulfilling the FDA’s applicable regulatory requirements. If it were determined that any of our tests qualified as In Vitro Companion Diagnostic Devices then we might be required to file an application for marketing authorization with the FDA (e.g., either a 510(k) or a PMA, depending on the nature of the particular test).

Post-market Regulation


Our The Company's Tissue of Origin® test obtained clearance under section 510(k) of the FDCA. After a device, such as ourits Tissue of Origin® test, is cleared or approved for marketing, numerous and pervasive regulatory requirements continue to apply once the test is marketed, including FDA’s current good manufacturing practice requirements. Since we dothe Company does not offer ourits FDA-approved product in the European Economic Area (“EEA”) we arethe Company is not currently subject to post-market regulation in the EEA or any member state.


The FDA has broad regulatory compliance and enforcement powers. If the FDA determines that a company has failed to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, it can take a variety of compliance or enforcement actions, which may result in any of the following sanctions:


•warning letters, untitled letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties;


•recalls, withdrawals, or administrative detention or seizure of products;


•operating restrictions or partial suspension or total shutdown of production;


•refusing or delaying requests for 510(k) marketing clearance or PMA approvals of new products or modified products;


•reconsideration of 510(k) clearances or PMA approvals that have already been granted;


•refusal to grant export approvals for products; and/or


•criminal prosecution.


In addition, FDA could publicly issue a safety notice related to ourthe Company's test or request updates to ourits product labeling, including the addition of warnings, precautions, or contraindications.


Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH Act”)


Under the administrative simplification provisions of HIPAA, as amended by the HITECH Act, the United States Department of Health and Human Services has issued regulations which establish uniform standards governing the conduct of certain electronic health care transactions and protecting the privacy and security of Protected Health Information used or disclosed by health care providers and other covered entities. For further discussion of HIPAA and the impact on ourthe Company's business, see the section entitled “Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Business-We areits Business-The Company is required to comply with laws governing the transmission, security and privacy of health information that require significant compliance costs, and any failure to comply with these laws could result in material criminal and civil penalties.”


European General Data Protection Regulation


The collection and use of personal health data in the European Union had previously been governed by the provisions of the Data Protection Directive, which has been replaced by the General Data Protection Regulation (“GRPR”) which became effective on May 25, 2018 While the Data Protection Directive did not apply to organizations based outside the EU, the GDPR has expanded its reach to include any business, regardless of its location, that provides goods or services to residents in the EU. This expansion would incorporate ourthe Company's clinical trial activities in EU members states. The GDPR imposes strict requirements on controllers and processors of personal data, including special protections for “sensitive information” which includes health and genetic information of data subjects residing in the EU. GDPR grants individuals the opportunity to object to the processing of their personal information, allows them to request deletion of personal information in certain circumstances, and provides the individual with an express right to seek legal remedies in the event the individual believes his or her rights have been violated. Further, the GDPR imposes strict rules on the transfer of personal data out of the European
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Union to the United States or other regions that have not been deemed to offer “adequate” privacy protections. Failure to comply with the requirements of the GDPR and the related national data protection laws of the European Union Member States, which may deviate slightly from the GDPR, may result in fines of up to 4% of global revenues, or € 20,000,000, whichever is greater. As a result of the implementation of the GDPR, wethe Company may be required to put in place additional mechanisms ensuring compliance with the new data protection rules.


OurThe Company's research activities in the EU are currently limited to non-human preclinical studies, and as such, we dothe Company does not collect, store, maintain, process, or transmit any Personal Data (as that term is defined under the GDPR) of trial subjects. However, since wethe Company currently havehas three employees located in the EU, ourits processing and transfer for employee Personal Data is subject to GDPR requirements. We haveThe Company has implemented a privacy and security program that is designed to adhere to the requirements of the GDPR in order to protect employee Personal Data, and in the event we progressthe Company progresses to research or clinical trials involving humans, to protect participant Personal Data. However, there is significant uncertainty related to the manner in which data protection authorities will seek to enforce compliance with GDPR. For example, it is not clear if the authorities will conduct random audits of companies doing business in the EU, or if the authorities will wait for complaints to be filed by individuals who claim their rights have been violated. Enforcement uncertainty and the costs associated with ensuring GDPR compliance be onerous and adversely affect our

the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. As a result, wethe Company cannot predict the impact of the GDPR regulations on ourits current or future business, either in the US or the EU.


Federal, State and Foreign Fraud and Abuse Laws


The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting or receiving remuneration to induce or in return for purchasing, leasing, ordering or arranging for the purchase, lease or order of any health care item or service reimbursable under a governmental payor program. The definition of “remuneration” has been broadly interpreted to include anything of value, including gifts, discounts, credit arrangements, payments of cash, waivers of co-payments, ownership interests and providing anything at less than its fair market value. Recognizing that the Anti-Kickback Statute is broad and may technically prohibit many innocuous or beneficial arrangements within the health care industry, the Department of Health and Human Services has issued a series of regulatory “safe harbors.” These safe harbor regulations set forth certain provisions, which, if met, will assure health care providers and other parties that they will not be prosecuted under the federal Anti- Kickback Statute. Although full compliance with these provisions ensures against prosecution under the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, the failure of a transaction or arrangement to fit within a specific safe harbor does not necessarily mean that the transaction or arrangement is illegal or that prosecution under the federal Anti-Kickback Statute will be pursued. For further discussion of the impact of federal and state health care fraud and abuse laws and regulations on ourthe Company’s business, see the section entitled “Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Business-We are subject to federal and state health care fraud and abuse laws and regulations and could face substantial penalties if we are unable to fully comply with such laws.”."

In addition to the administrative simplification regulations discussed above, HIPAA also created two new federal crimes: health care fraud and false statements relating to health care matters. The health care fraud statute prohibits knowingly and willfully executing a scheme to defraud any health care benefit program, including private payors. A violation of this statute is a felony and may result in fines, imprisonment or exclusion from governmental payor programs such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The false statements statute prohibits knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for health care benefits, items or services. A violation of this statute is a felony and may result in fines, imprisonment or exclusion from governmental payor programs.

Finally, another development affecting the health care industry is the increased enforcement of the federal False Claims Actand, in particular, actions brought pursuant to the False Claims Act’s “whistleblower” or “qui tam” provisions. The False Claims Act imposes liability on any person or entity that, among other things, knowingly presents, or causes to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment by a federal governmental payor program. The qui tam provisions of the False Claims Act allow a private individual to bring actions on behalf of the federal government alleging that the defendant has defrauded the federal government by submitting a false claim to the federal government and permit such individuals to share in any amounts paid by the entity to the government in fines or settlement. In addition, various states have enacted false claim laws analogous to the federal False Claims Act, although many of these state laws apply where a claim is submitted to any third-party payor and not merely a governmental payor program. When an entity is determined to have violated the False Claims Act, it may be required to pay up to three times the actual damages sustained by the government, plus civil penalties ranging from $11,181 to $22,363 for each false claim violation that occurred after January 15, 2018. (Those whose false claims violations that occurred before January 15, 2018 could be liable for treble damages plus lower civil monetary penalties.)


Additionally, in Europe various countries have adopted anti-bribery laws providing for severe consequences, in the form of criminal penalties and/or significant fines, for individuals and/or companies committing a bribery offense. Violations of these anti-bribery laws, or allegations of such violations, could have a negative impact on ourthe Company’s business, results of operations and reputation. For instance, in the United Kingdom, under the new Bribery Act 2010, which went into effect in July 2011, a bribery occurs when a person offers, gives or promises to give a financial or other advantage to induce or reward another individual to improperly perform certain functions or activities, including any function of a public nature. Bribery of foreign public officials also falls within the scope of the Bribery Act 2010. Under the new regime, an individual found in violation of the Bribery Act of 2010 faces imprisonment of up to 10 years. In addition, the individual can be subject to an unlimited fine, as can commercial organizations for failure to prevent bribery.


Physician Self-Referral Prohibitions

Under a federal law directed at “self-referral,” commonly known as the “Stark Law,” there are prohibitions, with certain exceptions, on Medicare and Medicaid payments for laboratory tests referred by physicians who personally, or through a family member, have an investment or ownership interest in, or a compensation arrangement with, the clinical laboratory performing the tests. A person who engages in a scheme to circumvent the Stark Law’s referral prohibition may be fined up to $100,000 for each such arrangement or scheme. In addition, any person who presents or causes to be presented a claim to the Medicare or Medicaid programs in

violation of the Stark Law is subject to civil monetary penalties of up to $15,000 per claim submission, an assessment of up to three times the amount claimed and possible exclusion from participation in federal governmental payor programs. Claims submitted in violation of the Stark Law may not be paid by Medicare or Medicaid, and any person collecting any amounts with respect to any such prohibited claim is obligated to refund such amounts. Violation of the Stark Law may also result in violation of the False Claims Act. Unlike the Anti-kickback Statute, a person does not need to have intent to violate the Stark Law; this is a strict liability statute; merely violating the Stark Law on its face may result in fines, recoupments, and exclusion from federal health care programs. Many states have comparable laws that are not limited to Medicare and Medicaid referrals.

We are also subject to California’s Physician Ownership and Referral Act, or PORA as well as other state laws with self-referral restrictions.

Both the Stark Law and PORA contain an exception for referrals made by physicians who hold investment interests in a publicly traded company that has stockholders’ equity exceeding $75 million at the end of its most recent fiscal year or on average during the previous three fiscal years, and which satisfies certain other requirements. In addition, both the Stark Law and PORA contain an exception for compensation paid to a physician for personal services rendered by the physician. Following our acquisition of Response Genetics in the fourth quarter of 2015, we have compensation arrangements with a number of physicians for personal services, such as speaking engagements and specimen tissue preparation. These arrangements were structured with terms intended to comply with the requirements of the personal services exception to Stark Law and PORA.

However, we cannot be certain that regulators would find these arrangements to be in compliance with Stark Law, PORA or similar state laws. If we are deemed to not be in compliance by the applicable regulators, we would be required to refund any payments we receive pursuant to a referral prohibited by these laws to the patient, the payor or the Medicare program, as applicable.

Corporate Practice of Medicine

Approximately thirty (30) states have enacted laws prohibiting business corporations, such as us, from practicing medicine and employing or engaging physicians to practice medicine, generally referred to as the prohibition against the corporate practice of medicine. These laws, which vary among the states that have enacted them, are designed to prevent interference in the medical decision-making process by anyone who is not a licensed physician. Violation of these laws may result in civil or criminal fines, as well as sanctions imposed against us and/or the professional through licensure proceedings.

Other Regulatory Requirements


OurThe Company’s laboratory is subject to federal, state and local regulations relating to the handling and disposal of regulated medical waste, hazardous waste and biohazardous waste, including chemical, biological agents and compounds, blood and bone marrow samples and other human tissue. Typically, we usethe Company uses outside vendors who are contractually obligated to comply with applicable laws and regulations to dispose of such waste. These vendors are licensed or otherwise qualified to handle and dispose of such waste.


OSHA has established extensive requirements relating to workplace safety for health care employers, including requirements to develop and implement programs to protect workers from exposure to blood-borne pathogens by preventing or minimizing any exposure through needle stick or similar penetrating injuries.


Segment and Geographical Information


We operate
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The Company operates in one reportable business segment and derive revenue from multiple countries, with 93%61% and 94%80% of its continuing operations revenue coming from the United States in fiscal year 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively.

Research and Development

For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, our research and development expenses were $2.5 million and $4.8 million, respectively, principally in connection with our efforts to develop our proprietary tests and validate those tests, which were relocated from our Los Angeles location to our New Jersey lab facility.


Employees


As of December 31, 2018, we2020, the Company had a total of 150 full-time and 18 part-timeapproximately 40 full time employees, with 184 employees in business development, sales and marketing, 7631 employees in clinical services 25 employees in clinical trials and 315 employees in general and administrative. During 2018, we reduced our headcount by approximately 38 as the result of consolidating our Los

Angeles, CA facility to operations in New Jersey and North Carolina. None of ourits employees are represented by a labor union, and we consider ourthe Company considers its employee relations to be good.


Corporate and Available Information


We wereThe Company was incorporated in the State of Delaware on April 8, 1999. On July 16, 2014, wethe Company purchased substantially all of the assets of Gentris Corporation (“Gentris”), a laboratory specializing in pharmacogenomics profiling for therapeutic development, companion diagnostics and clinical trials. On October 9, 2015, the Company acquired substantially all the assets and assumed certain liabilities of Response Genetics, Inc.

On August 18, 2014 we entered into two agreements by which we acquired BioServe Biotechnologies (India) Pvt. Ltd. (“BioServe”), a premier genomics services provider serving both the research and clinical markets in India, and as a result of the acquisition, BioServe became a subsidiary of ours. On April 26, 2018, we sold BioServe to Reprocell, Inc., for $1.9 million, including $1.6 million in cash at closing and up to an additional $300,000 conditioned on Reprocell meeting specified revenue targets, of which, we were paid $212,500 as the final contingent amount owed to us.


On August 15, 2017, wethe Company purchased all of the outstanding stock of vivoPharm, with its principal place of business in Victoria, Australia.


OurOn July 5, 2019, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with siParadigm, LLC, pursuant to which the Company sold to siParadigm certain assets associated with the Company's clinical laboratory business and agreed to cease operating the Clinical Business. On July 15, 2019, the Company entered into commercial agreements with the Company's senior lenders to divest all of the assets relating to the BioPharma Business.

The Company's principal executive offices are located at 201 Route 17 North, 2nd Floor, Rutherford, New Jersey 07070. OurThe Company's telephone number is (201) 528-9200 and ourthe corporate website address is www.cancergenetics.com. We include ourThe Company included the website address in this annual report on Form 10-K only as an inactive textual reference and dodoes not intend it to be an active link to ourthe Company website. The information on ourthe website is not incorporated by reference in this annual report on Form 10-K.


This annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports, as well as other documents we filethe Company files with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), are available free of charge through the Investors section of ourthe Company website as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. The public can obtain documents that we filethe Company files with the SEC at www.sec.gov.


This report includes the following trademarks, service marks and trade names owned by us:the Company: MatBA®, UroGenRA®, FHACT®, FReCaD™, Expand Dx™, Summation™, Select One®, DLBCL Complete™, Cervixcyte™, Leuka™, CGI®, CLL Complete®, Focus::NGS™, Focus::Myeloid™, Focus::CLL™, Tissue of Origin®, TOO®, Powered by CGI™ and Empowering Personal Cancer Treatment®. These trademarks, service marks and trade names are the property of Cancer Genetics, Inc. and its affiliates.




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Item 1A.Risk Factors.


An investment in ourthe Company's common stock involves a high degree of risk including the risk of a loss of your entire investment. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below and the other information contained in this report and ourthe other Company reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. For instance, if our pending merger with StemoniX occurs, there are risks associated with the StemoniX business described in our prospectus/proxy statement included in our Form S-4/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 12, 2021. The risks set forth below are not the only ones facing us.the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties may exist that could also adversely affect ourthe Company's business, operations and financial condition. If any of the following risks actually materialize, ourthe Company's business, financial condition and/or operations could suffer. In such event, the value of ourthe Company's common stock could decline, and you could lose all or a substantial portion of the money that you pay for ourthe Company's common stock.


Risks Related to the StemoniX Merger and the Post-Merger Company

We may not realize the expected benefits of our merger with StemoniX

While we anticipate certain benefits from our pending merger with StemoniX, if consummated, we may not be able to realize the expected benefits. We may not be able to integrate the two businesses successfully, and we could assume unknown or contingent liabilities. The StemoniX intellectual property may not have the scientific value and commercial potential which we envision. Any failure of the acquisition to meet our expectations could have a material negative effect on our results of operations.

The total number of shares of CGI Common Stock that StemoniX securityholders will be entitled to receive pursuant to the Merger Agreement, in the aggregate, is not fully adjustable based on the market price of CGI common stock, so the merger consideration at the closing may have a greater value than at the time the Merger Agreement was signed.

The Merger Agreement has set the Exchange Ratio (as defined in the Merger Agreement) for the StemoniX Common Stock, which governs most but not all of the consideration to be paid by CGI in the merger, and the Exchange Ratio is only adjustable upward or downward based on (i) increases or decreases in the number of shares of StemoniX’s issued and outstanding capital stock and the number of shares of StemoniX capital stock issuable upon the exercise or conversion of other StemoniX securities, (ii) increases or decreases in the number of shares of CGI’s issued and outstanding capital stock and the number of shares of CGI capital stock issuable on a net exercise basis under in-the-money CGI warrants and in-the-money CGI options (in each case excluding securities issued in the CGI PIPE (as defined below) and (iii) if the net cash of either CGI or StemoniX changes in relation to each other. Any changes in the market price of CGI common stock before the closing of the merger will have limited effect on the total number of shares of CGI common stock that most historical StemoniX security holders will be entitled to receive (or will be entitled to receive upon the exercise of options to purchase CGI common stock issued in exchange for StemoniX options). Therefore, if before the closing of the merger the market price of CGI common stock increases from the market price on the date of the Merger Agreement, then such StemoniX shareholders could receive merger consideration with substantially more value.

The amount of CGI Common Stock to be issued to the Series C Investors upon conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock in the merger is based on the market price per share of CGI Common Stock at the closing of the Merger, subject to a valuation cap.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, each share of StemoniX Series C Preferred Stock (“Series C Preferred Stock”) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger (the “Effective Time”) will be converted in the merger into the right to receive a number of shares of CGI common stock (the “Series C Conversion Shares”) equal to the price per share paid for the Series C Preferred Stock divided by a conversion price (the “Series C Conversion Price”) equal to 85% of the weighted average share price of CGI common stock over the five trading days prior to the closing of the merger, which conversion price is subject to a valuation cap (the “Series C Valuation Cap”) based on a $85,000,000 valuation of CGI, after giving effect to the issuance of all shares of CGI common stock at or prior to the closing of the merger (excluding the Series C Conversion Shares and out-of-the-money options and warrants to purchase shares of CGI Common Stock, but including in-the-money options and warrants to purchase shares of CGI common stock on a net exercise basis). Therefore, if before the closing of the merger the market price of CGI common stock declines, then the Series C investors could receive more shares of CGI common stock at closing for no additional consideration, resulting in additional dilution to the other equity holders of the post-merger company. Alternatively, if the market price of CGI common stock increases to a level representing a valuation at or above the Series C Valuation Cap, the Series C Conversion Price will only increase up to a price based on the Series C Valuation Cap, and the other stockholders of CGI will suffer dilution. As of February 1, 2021, the Series C Valuation Cap would be reached if CGI’s stock prices resulted in a 5 day value weighted average price of CGI’s common stock of $4.39 or
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more. There is expected to be an aggregate of $2 million of Series C Preferred Stock outstanding immediately prior to the merger.

The post-merger company may need to raise additional capital by issuing securities or debt or through licensing arrangements, which may cause dilution to the post-merger company’s stockholders or restrict the post-merger company’s operations or proprietary rights. CGI and StemoniX have recurring losses from operations which in the past have raised substantial doubt regarding their respective abilities to continue as a going concern.

Although management of CGI and StemoniX believe that, assuming the merger and the transactions related thereto are consummated, the post-merger company’s cash reserves and cash flows from operations will be adequate to fund operations for at least the 12 months from the closing of the merger, such estimate may prove to be wrong, and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Accordingly, the post-merger company may be required to raise funds sooner than currently planned.

The post-merger company’s ability to continue as a going concern will depend upon (among other things) the availability and terms of future funding. Additional financing may not be available to the post-merger company when it needs it or may not be available on favorable terms. To the extent that the post-merger company raises additional capital by issuing equity securities, such an issuance may cause significant dilution to the post-merger company’s stockholders’ ownership and the terms of any new equity securities may have preferences over the post-merger company’s common stock. Any debt financing the post-merger company enters into may involve covenants that restrict its operations. These restrictive covenants may include limitations on additional borrowing and specific restrictions on the use of the post-merger company’s assets, as well as prohibitions on its ability to create liens, pay dividends, redeem its stock or make investments. In addition, if the post-merger company raises additional funds through licensing arrangements, it may be necessary to grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to the post-merger company.

Failure to complete the merger may result in CGI or StemoniX paying an expense reimbursement to the other party and could harm the common stock price of CGI and future business and operations of each company.

If the merger is not completed, CGI and StemoniX are subject to the following risks:

•if the Merger Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances and certain events occur, CGI or StemoniX will be required to pay the other party an amount equal to all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees and expenses incurred by such other party in connection with the preparation and negotiation of the Merger Agreement, due diligence efforts by the party or otherwise in connection with the merger; provided, however, that the amount payable may be up to and will in no event exceed $500,000;

•the price of CGI stock may decline; and

•costs related to the merger, such as legal, accounting and investment banking fees must be paid even if the merger is not completed.

In addition, if the Merger Agreement is terminated and the CGI or StemoniX board of directors determines to seek another business combination, there can be no assurance that CGI or StemoniX will be able to find a partner willing to provide equivalent or more attractive consideration than the consideration to be provided by each party in the merger.

If the conditions to the merger are not met, the merger may not occur.

There are a number of conditions to the merger, including but not limited to approval by Nasdaq for listing of the shares, and certain other conditions. We cannot assure you that all of the conditions will be satisfied or waived. If the conditions are not satisfied or waived, the merger may not occur or will be delayed, and CGI may lose some or all of the intended benefits of the merger.

CGI is the target, and may in the future be the target, of securities class action and derivative lawsuits, which could result in substantial costs and may delay or prevent the completion of the merger.

Securities class action lawsuits and derivative lawsuits are often brought against companies that have entered into merger agreements in an effort to enjoin the relevant merger or seek monetary relief. CGI is currently the defendant in eight lawsuits, and CGI may in the future be defendants in one or more lawsuits, relating to the Merger Agreement and the merger and, even if the pending or any future lawsuits are without merit, defending against these claims can result in substantial costs and divert
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management time and resources. CGI cannot predict the outcome of these lawsuits, or others, nor can it predict the amount of time and expense that will be required to resolve such litigation. An unfavorable resolution of any such litigation surrounding the merger could delay or prevent its consummation. In addition, the costs of defending the litigation, even if resolved in CGI’s favor, could be substantial and such litigation could distract CGI from pursuing the consummation of the merger and other potentially beneficial business opportunities.

No fairness opinion was obtained in connection with the merger.

While CGI engaged H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“Wainwright”) as its exclusive financial advisor with respect to considering strategic alternatives including finding a merger partner, neither Wainwright nor any other independent investment banker or other professional was requested to provide a fairness opinion in connection with the merger. The consideration to be received by the holders of StemoniX securities in the merger was reached through negotiation by CGI and Wainwright, on one hand, and StemoniX and Northland Securities (“Northland”), its investment banker, on the other, and was found to be fair to the stockholders of CGI by CGI’s board of directors. In determining whether to obtain a fairness opinion in connection with consideration of the merger, CGI’s board considered the cost of such an opinion as well as, among other factors, the search process leading to the Business Disposals (as defined elsewhere herein), the extensive search process conducted by CGI and Wainwright thereafter seeking a merger partner or other strategic alternative for CGI, the absence of any offers to purchase vivoPharm for other than a nominal sum, the extensive negotiations with StemoniX by CGI and Wainwright, the board’s assessment of the prospects for StemoniX based on its evaluation of its medical and scientific intellectual property and the valuation of StemoniX implicit in its prior financings, when compared to and in light of CGI’s current market value and its financial position.

The merger may be completed even though material adverse changes may result from the announcement of the merger, industry-wide changes or other causes.

In general, either CGI or StemoniX can refuse to complete the merger if there is a material adverse change affecting the other party prior to closing. However, certain types of changes do not permit either party to refuse to complete the merger, even if such change could be said to have a material adverse effect on CGI or StemoniX, including:

•any adverse effect that results from general economic, business, financial or market conditions (unless such adverse effect affects CGI or StemoniX in a disproportionate manner as compared to their respective industry peers);

•any adverse effect that results from conditions in any of the industries or industry sectors in which CGI or StemoniX operates (unless such adverse effect affects CGI or StemoniX in a disproportionate manner as compared to their respective industry peers);

•any adverse effect resulting from any epidemic, pandemic or disease outbreak (including COVID-19), act of terrorism, war, national or international calamity or any other similar event (unless such adverse effect affects CGI or StemoniX in a disproportionate manner as compared to their respective industry peers);

•the taking of any action required to be taken by the Merger Agreement; or

•with respect to CGI, any change in the stock price or trading volume of CGI Common Stock.

If adverse changes occur and CGI and StemoniX still complete the merger, the post-merger company stock price may suffer. This in turn may reduce the value of the merger to the stockholders of CGI.

The market price of the post-merger company’s common stock following the merger may decline as a result of the merger.

The market price of the post-merger company’s common stock may decline as a result of the merger for a number of reasons including if:

•investors react negatively to the prospects of the post-merger company’s business and prospects from the merger;

•the effect of the merger on the post-merger company’s business and prospects is not consistent with the expectations of financial or industry analysts; or

•the post-merger company does not achieve the perceived benefits of the merger as rapidly or to the extent anticipated by financial or industry analysts.
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CGI stockholders may not realize a benefit from the merger commensurate with the ownership dilution they will experience in connection with the merger.

If the post-merger company is unable to realize the full strategic and financial benefits currently anticipated from the merger, CGI securityholders will have experienced substantial dilution of their ownership interests in CGI without receiving any commensurate benefit, or only receiving part of the commensurate benefit to the extent the post-merger company is able to realize only part of the strategic and financial benefits currently anticipated from the merger.

The lack of a public market for StemoniX shares makes it difficult to determine the fair market value of the StemoniX shares, and StemoniX shareholders may receive consideration in the merger that is less than the fair market value of the StemoniX shares and/or CGI may pay more than the fair market value of the StemoniX shares.

StemoniX is privately held and its capital stock is not traded in any public market. The lack of a public market makes it extremely difficult to determine StemoniX’s fair market value. Because the percentage of CGI equity to be issued to StemoniX stockholders was determined based on negotiations between the parties, it is possible that the value of the CGI Common Stock to be received by StemoniX shareholders will be less than the fair market value of StemoniX, or CGI may pay more than the aggregate fair market value for StemoniX.

The pendency of the merger could have an adverse effect on the trading price of CGI Common Stock and CGI’s business, financial condition, results of operations or business prospects.

While there have been no significant adverse effects to date, the pendency of the merger could disrupt CGI’s businesses in the following ways, including:

•the attention of CGI’s management may be directed toward the closing of the merger and related matters and may be diverted from the day-to-day business operations; and

•third parties may seek to terminate or renegotiate their relationships with CGI as a result of the merger, whether pursuant to the terms of their existing agreements with CGI or otherwise.

Should they occur, any of these matters could adversely affect the trading price of CGI Common Stock or harm CGI’s financial condition, results of operations or business prospects.

Risks Relating to Ourthe Company’s Financial Condition and Capital Requirements


We haveThe Company has a history of net losses; we expectthe Company expects to incur net losses in the future, and wethe Company may never achieve sustained profitability.


We haveThe Company has historically incurred substantial net losses. WeThe Company incurred losses of $20.4$8.0 million and $20.8$6.7 million for the fiscal years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively. From ourthe Company’s inception in April 1999 through December 31, 2018, we2020, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $157.7$172 million. We expectThe Company expects losses to continue principally as a result of difficulties in being able to collect cash from certain third-party payors or obtain reimbursement at adequate prices, or at all, for tests provided to our Clinical Services customers, ongoing research and development expenses and sales and marketing costs.continue. These losses have had, and will continue to have, an adverse effect on our working capital, total assets and stockholders’ equity. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with our research, developmentthe Company’s revenue growth and commercialization efforts, we arecosts associated with being a public company, the Company is unable to predict when wethe Company will become profitable, and wethe Company may never become profitable. Even if we dothe Company does achieve profitability, wethe Company may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. OurThe Company’s inability to achieve and then maintain profitability would negatively affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.


OurPrior to the closingof the CGI PIPE and CGI RD Financing, the Company’s recurring losses from operations have raised substantial doubt regarding ourthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

At December 31, 2018, our cash position and history of losses required management to assess our ability to continue operating as a going concern, according to Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (“ASU 2014-15”). We did not have sufficientThe Company believes that its cash at December 31, 20182020, together with net proceeds of (i) $8.9 million from the issuance and sale of CGI securities in the CGI PIPE (ii) $15.8 million from the issuance and sale of CGI securities in the CGI RD Financing (as defined below), and (iii) $4.0 million from three warrant exercises between February 10, 2021 and March 23, 2021, will be sufficient to fund normal operations for the next twelve months. In addition, we have been in violation24 months from the date of certain financial covenants under our debt agreements. While our lenders have conditionally agreed to forbear from exercising their rights and remedies resulting from existing and potential defaults, our ability tothis filing.

Nevertheless, the Company can provide no assurance that, given its history of losses, it will continue as a going concern, is dependent on our ability to comply withincluding after the forbearance conditionsmerger.
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The Company’s sources of funds are uncertain.

The Company earns revenue and other debt agreement covenants, raise additional equity or debt capital and/or spin-off non-core assets to raise additional cash. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

We have hired Raymond James & Associates, Inc. as our financial advisor to assist with evaluating strategic alternatives. Such alternatives could include raising more capital,generates cashflow from its Discovery Business through its vivoPharm subsidiary. For the acquisition of another company and/or complementary assets, the sale oftwelve-month period ended December 31, 2020, the Company or another typehad a net loss from continuing operations of strategic partnership. We$8.0 million, cash used in continuing operations of $4.9 million and revenues from the Discovery Services business unit of $5.8 million in the period. For the year period ended December 31, 2019, the Company had a net loss from continuing operations of $6.9 million, had cash used in continuing operations of $3.2 million and revenues from the Discovery Services business unit of $7.3 million in the period. No assurances can provide no assurances that our current actionsbe given as to whether the Company will ever be successful or that additional sources of financing with be available to us on favorable terms, if at all.profitable.


The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary should the Company be unableCompany’s business operations are more limited than prior to continue as a going concern.

We are in default of financial covenants in the credit agreements with our senior lenders, which are subject to forbearance agreements that expire on April 15, 2019, and our asset-based revolving line of credit agreement matures on April 15, 2019. We are also in default under the Credit Agreement with NovellusDx Ltd.

We have been in violation of certain of the financial and other covenants under our asset-based revolving line of credit agreement (“ABL”) with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) and our term loan agreement (the “Term Loan”) with Partners for Growth IV, L.P. (“PFG”). On August 20, 2018, the Company received waivers from its senior lenders for the covenant violations for the months of July and August 2018. In consideration of these waivers, we agreed to reduce the maximum borrowings under the ABL from $6.0 million to $3.0 million, and agreed to enter into a binding and enforceable agreement satisfactory to each lender by August 31, 2018 with respect to a merger or other business combination transaction between the Company and an unrelated third party satisfactory to each lender (the “Transaction Condition”). While we were in violation of the Transaction Condition as of August 31, we subsequently entered into a binding and enforceable agreement satisfactory to each lender on September 18, 2018 by entering into a Merger Agreement with NovellusDx Ltd. (“Novellus”) and the other

parties thereto (which was subsequently terminated in December 2018) (the “Novellus Merger Agreement”). On November 19, 2018, we obtained waivers from our lenders for the covenant violations for the months of September, October and November 2018, conditioned upon the Company raising $3,000,000 through the sale of its equity securities or issuanceClinical Services business and the sale of subordinated debt by November 30, 2018 (the “Financing Condition”).its BioPharma Services business, and thus the costs of maintaining itself as a publicly traded corporation are proportionally higher as a percentage of total revenue and will be more burdensome to the Company going forward.


On January 16, 2019, we entered intoAs a Forbearancepublic company, the Company has incurred and Fifth Amendmentwill continue to Amendedincur significant legal, accounting and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “Forbearance and Amendment”) with SVB, further amendingother expenses. The Company is subject to the ABL, and a Forbearance Agreement and Modification No. 4 to Loan and Security Agreement (the “Forbearance and Modification”) with PFG, further amendingreporting requirements of the Term Loan.

The Forbearance and Amendment with SVB, among other things, (i)Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the interest rate underother rules and regulations of the ABLSecurities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and the rules and regulations of The Nasdaq Stock Market, or Nasdaq. Compliance with the various reporting and other requirements applicable to public companies requires considerable time and attention of management. For example, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules of the SEC and national securities exchanges have imposed various requirements on public companies, including requiring establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls. Management and other personnel are devoting and will continue to need to devote a substantial amount of time and money to these compliance obligations. The board may view these costs to be 2.25% per annum above the Wall Street Journal prime rate (7.75% at December 31, 2018); (ii) requires us to comply with certain milestonesdisproportionately expensive when viewed in connection with progressing towards a potential strategic transaction satisfactory to SVB with an anticipated closing date of on or before April 15, 2019, similar to the Transaction Condition in our August 2018 waivers (the “Milestones”), (iii) provides for SVB’s forbearance of its rights and remedies resulting from certain existing and potential events of default under the ABL stated in the Forbearance and Amendment (but not a waiver) until the earlier of (a) the occurrence of an additional event of default or (b) February 28, 2019; provided such date shall be automatically extended to April 15, 2019 so long as we are in compliance with the Milestones required as of such date and (iv) extends the Revolving Line Maturity Date (as defined in the ABL) to April 15, 2019. Absent the covenant waivers, we would be required to make monthly interest payments at the default rate (10.75%).

The Forbearance and Modification with PFG, among other things, (i) requires the Company to comply with certain milestones in connection with progress in towards a potential strategic transaction satisfactory to PFG with an anticipated closing date of on or before April 15, 2019, similar to the Transaction Condition in our August 2018 waivers (the “PFG Milestones”), (ii) provides for PFG’s forbearance of its rights and remedies resulting from certain existing and potential events of default under the Term Loan stated in the Forbearance and Modification (but not a wavier) until the earlier of (a) the occurrence of an additional event of default or (b) February 28, 2019; provided such date shall be automatically extended to April 15, 2019 so long as the Company is in compliance with the PFG Milestones required as of such date. Absent the covenant waivers, we would be required to make monthly interest payments at the default rate (17.50%).

The Company will not be able to close on a strategic transaction on or before April 15, 2019. No assurance can be given that the Company will be able to extend the maturitylight of the ABL beyond April 15, 2019 or extendCompany’s reduced revenues and overall operations following the forbearances with SVB and PFG beyond April 15, 2019. However, we are in discussions with SVB and PFG about possible extensions of the forbearance agreements.Business Disposals.


As a result of the terminationabove, the board of directors elected to pursue the merger transaction with StemoniX and may elect to pursue other strategic transactions, to attempt to expand the business and create additional value for shareholders, or in light of the Novellus Merger Agreementtime, costs and uncertainties inherent in December 2018, pursuantseeking such a strategic transaction, and the costs in remaining as a public company, the Company’s board may decide to pursue a dissolution and liquidation of the Company. If the Company’s board of directors were to approve and recommend, and the Company’s stockholders were to approve, a dissolution and liquidation of the Company, the Company would be required under Delaware corporate law to pay the Company’s outstanding obligations, as well as to make reasonable provision for contingent and unknown obligations, prior to making any distributions in liquidation to the Credit Agreement (the “Novellus Credit Agreement”), dated September 18, 2018, between usCompany’s stockholders. The Company’s commitments and NovellusDx Ltd., the $1.5 million advance previously made to us in connection with the signing of the Novellus Merger Agreement, plus interest thereon, would have become due and payable, but for the subordination agreements described below. The interest rate under the Novellus Credit Agreement was increasedcontingent liabilities may include severance obligations related to the lesser of 21% per annum and the maximum rate permitted by applicable law. In addition, NovellusDx Ltd. has the right to convert all, but not less than all, of the outstanding balance under the Novellus Credit Agreement into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $0.606 per share.

Pursuant to subordination agreements entered into in connection with the Novellus Credit Agreement on September 18, 2018, NovellusDx Ltd.’s ability to be repaid under the Novellus Credit Agreement is subject to subordination to the ABL and the Term Loan. Novellus has asserted that its obligation to standstill under its subordination agreements will not be applicable at a time when the Company attains certain levels of unrestricted cash, asrecent asset sales. As a result of the Company purportedly having improperly terminated the Novellus Merger Agreement. The Company does not believe it improperly terminated the Novellus Merger Agreement.

Our default under the Novellus Credit Agreement may also be deemed to bethis requirement, a default under the obligations to SVB and PFG.

Any default under any financing agreement or material agreement of ours (other than the Novellus Credit Agreement) may also be deemed to be a default under the obligations due under the Convertible Promissory Note (the “Iliad Note”), dated July 17, 2018, in the aggregate principal amount of $2,625,000.00 to Iliad Research and Trading, L.P. (“Iliad”).

Pursuant to subordination agreements entered into in connection with the Iliad Note on July 17, 2018, Iliad’s ability to be repaid under the Iliad Note is subject to subordination to the ABL and the Term Loan. However, the Iliad Note and the subordination agreements between Iliad and our senior lenders provide that on an Event of Default (as defined in the Iliad

Note), Iliad may obtain injunctive relief that would prohibit the Company from issuing any equity securities unless the outstanding balance due to Iliad is paid in full simultaneously with such issuance. On February 15, 2019, the Company entered into a standstill agreement with Iliad. The standstill agreement, among other things, (i) provided that Iliad would not seek to redeem any portion of the Iliad Note until March 10, 2019 (the “Standstill”); (ii) increased the outstanding balance of the Iliad Note by approximately $139,000, representing a fee to Iliad for such Standstill; and (iii) allowed the Company the option to elect that Iliad not seek to redeem any portion of the Iliad Note until April 15, 2019, provided that upon such election the outstanding balance of the Iliad Note would increase again by approximately $63,000. The Company elected to extend the Standstill until April 15, 2019.

We currently have limited funds and we will need to raise additional capital to fund our operations.

We will need to raise additional financing to fund our operations. At December 31, 2018, we had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $0.2 million. Net cash used in operating activities was $12.6 million and $13.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We have continued to have negative cash flow in the first quarter of 2019.

Even with the net proceeds of approximately $5.4 million received in our offerings of common stock that were consummated on January 14, 2019 and January 31, 2019 (the “Offering Proceeds”), we have limited availability under our asset-based revolving line of credit agreement with Silicon Valley Bank.

The Company has retained Raymond James & Associates, Inc. as a financial advisor to assist the Company in its evaluation of a broad range of financial and strategic alternatives to enhance shareholder value, including additional capital raising transactions, the acquisition of another company or complementaryCompany’s assets or the potential sale or merger of the Company, disposition of non-core assets, or another type of strategic partnership. There is no assurance that the review of strategic alternatives will result in the Company changing its business plan, pursuing any particular transaction, if any, or, if it pursues any such transaction, that it will be completed. The Company does not expect to make further public comment regarding the strategic review until the Board of Directors has approved a specific transaction or otherwise deems disclosure of significant developments is appropriate.

We believe that our current cash and availability under our revolving line of credit, together with the Offering Proceeds, will support operations for approximately 3 months from the date of this report, assuming we are able to negotiate an extension of the maturity date of the ABL and an extension of the forbearances with SVB and PFG. We can provide no assurances that any additional sources of financing will be available to us on favorable terms, if at all, when needed. Our forecast of the period of time through which our current financial resources will be adequate to support our operations and the costs to support our general and administrative, sales and marketing and research and development activities are forward-looking statements and involve risks and uncertainties. Absent sufficient additional financing, we may be unable to remain a going concern.

Additional financing may be from the sale of equity or convertible or other debt securities in a public or private offering, from an additional or new credit facility or from a strategic partnership coupled with an investment in us or a combination of forms. We continue to evaluate our operations and take steps to improve our operating cash flow. We can provide no assurances that our current actions will be successful or that any additional sources of financing will be available to us on favorable terms, if at all, when needed. Furthermore, certain provisions of the securities purchase agreements we entered into in May 2016 and September 2016, may limit our ability to raise additional capital on favorable terms, or at all, including a prohibition on entering into variable rate transactions, such as an equity line, while the 5-year warrants issued in May and September 2016 remain outstanding. Our convertible debt facility entered into in July 2018 has a similar limitation on variable rate financings. Our failure to raise additional capital and in sufficient amounts when needed may significantly impact our ability to operate our business. For further discussion of our liquidity requirements, see the section titled “Liquidity and Capital Resources-Capital Resources and Expenditure Requirements.”

We also may need to raise capitalbe reserved pending the resolution of such obligations. If a dissolution and liquidation were pursued, the board of directors, in consultation with its advisors, would need to expand our businessevaluate these matters and make a determination about a reasonable amount to meet our long-term business objectives, including to:
increase our sales and marketing efforts to drive market adoption and address competitive developments;
fund development, validation and marketing efforts of current and future tests;
comply with current and evolving regulatory requirements;
further expand our clinical laboratory operations;
expand our technologies into other types of cancer;
acquire, license or invest in technologies;
acquire or invest in complementary businesses or assets; and
finance capital expenditures and general and administrative expenses.


Our present and future funding requirements and our forecastreserve. Accordingly, holders of the periodCompany’s common stock could lose all or a significant portion of time through which our current financial resources will be adequate to support our operations will depend on many factors, including:
our ability to achieve revenue growth;
our ability to extend and amend our credit agreements;
our ability to continue to reduce our costs and improve our operational efficiency;
our ability to develop and obtain approvals for our new diagnostic tests and the costs associated with such research and development activities;
our ability to execute on our marketing and sales strategy for our tests and services and gain acceptance of our tests and servicestheir investment in the market;
our ability to obtain adequate reimbursement from governmental and other third-party payors for our tests and services;
the costs, scope, progress, results, timing and outcomesevent of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the clinical trials of our diagnostic tests;company.
the costs of operating and enhancing our laboratory facilities;
the costs of additional general and administrative personnel;
the timing of and the costs involved in regulatory compliance, particularly if the regulations relating to laboratory developed tests (“LDTs”) change;
the timing of and costs involved in regulatory compliance, particularly if the regulations relating the PPACA (Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act) change;
the costs of maintaining, expanding and protecting our intellectual property portfolio, including potential litigation costs and liabilities;
the effect of competing technological and market developments;
costs related to international expansion; and
our ability to secure financing and the amount thereof.


The various ways we could raise additional capital carry potential risks. If we raise funds by issuing equity securities, dilution to our stockholders could result. Any equity securities issued also could provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. If we raise funds by issuing debt securities, those debt securities would have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our capital stock. The terms of debt securities issued or borrowings pursuant to a credit agreement could impose significant restrictions on our operations and increase our interest expense. If we raise funds through collaborations and licensing arrangements, we might be required to relinquish significant rights to our technologies or tests, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.

Additional equity or debt financing might not be available on reasonable terms, if at all. If we cannot secure additional funding when needed, we may have to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more research and development programs or sales and marketing initiatives. In addition, we may have to work with a partner on one or more of our development programs, which could lower the economic value of those programs to us.

WeCompany identified a material weakness in ourits internal control over financial reporting. If we arethe Company is not able to remediate the material weakness and otherwise maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, the reliability of ourits financial reporting, investor confidence in usthe Company and the value of ourits common stock could be adversely affected.


As a public company, we arethe Company is required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal controls. Section 404 of SOX, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act ("Section 404,404"), requires that wethe Company evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting and provide a management report on internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected and corrected on a timely basis.


During the fourth quarter of 2017, weaudit for the 2020 fiscal year, the Company identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting related to our controls overthe Company's accounting for uncollectible Clinical Services revenue, which preventedthe potential impairment of intangible assets. This accounting requires the Company from identifyingto record an impairment charge if the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable and properly recording contractual allowances duringis in excess of the fourth quarter. Asfair value of the asset group. The Company's calculation of undiscounted future cashflows resulted in a result, amountsconclusion that should have been reported as reductions in revenue were instead reported as bad debt expense. We areno impairment was necessary, however, the Company could not supply supporting evidence that its calculation was accurate.

Management is committed to remediating the material weakness. We have begunThe Company began the process of implementing changes to ourits internal control over financial reportingintangible assets to remediate the control deficiencies that gave rise to the material weakness, including
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further improvements in our processes and analyses that support the estimaterecording of the allowance for doubtful accounts and the related bad debt expense and performing a comprehensive reviewpossible impairment of the need for additional corporate accounting and financial personnel, supplemented by external resources as appropriate, with the requisite skill and technical expertise. We had expected this deficiency to be corrected as part of the implementation of ASU 2014-09 effective January 1, 2018.

However, during the fourth quarter of 2018, we noted that the material weakness in our revenue and cash receipts process has continued in 2018 as our remediation efforts were not adequate. As a result, additional amounts had to be recorded as bad debt expense for older balances. Based on a change in financial leadership in late November 2018, we have demonstrated a commitment to remediate the material weakness in a timely fashion. We have begun the process of implementing changes to our internal control over financial reporting to remediate the control deficiencies that gave rise to the material weakness, including further improvements in our processes and analyses that support the estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts and the related bad debt expense. We have noted the need for additional corporate accounting and financial personnel, supplemented by external resources as appropriate, with the requisite skill and technical expertise. We expectintangible assets. The Company expects this deficiency to be corrected by the end of 2019.May 15, 2021.


If ourthe Company's steps are insufficient to successfully remediate the material weaknessweaknesses and otherwise establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, the reliability of ourits financial reporting, investor confidence in usthe Company and the value of ourits common stock could be materially and adversely affected. Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for usthe Company to provide reliable and timely financial reports and, together with adequate disclosure controls and procedures, are designed to reasonably detect and prevent fraud. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation could cause usthe Company to fail to meet ourits reporting obligations. For as long as we arethe Company is a “smaller reporting company” under the U.S. securities laws, ourthe Company's independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of ourits internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404. An independent assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting could detect problems that our management’s assessment might not. Undetected material weaknesses in ourits internal control over financial reporting could lead to financial statement restatements and require usthe Company to incur the expense of remediation.


Moreover, we dothe Company does not expect that disclosure controls or internal control over financial reporting will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. Failure of ourits control systems to prevent error or fraud could materially adversely impact us.the Company.


We are engaged in shareholder litigation.Risks Relating to the Company’s Business and Strategy


Following periods of volatility inIf the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies. On April 5, 2018 and April 12, 2018, purported stockholders of the Company filed nearly identical putative class action lawsuits in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey, against the Company, Panna L. Sharma, John A. Roberts, and Igor Gitelman, captioned Ben Phetteplace v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al., No. 2:18-cv-05612 and Ruo Fen Zhang v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al., No. 2:18-06353, respectively. The complaints alleged violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and SEC Rule 10b-5 based on allegedly false and misleading statements and omissions regarding our business, operational, and financial results. The lawsuits sought, among other things, unspecified compensatory damages in connection with purchases of our stock between March 23, 2017 and April 2, 2018, as well as interest, attorneys’ fees, and costs. On August 28, 2018, the Court consolidated the two actions in one action captioned In re Cancer Genetics, Inc. Securities Litigation (the “Securities Litigation”) and appointed shareholder Randy Clark as the lead plaintiff. On October 30, 2018, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint, adding Edward Sitar as a defendant and seeking, among other things, compensatory damages in connection with purchases of CGI stock between March 10, 2016 and April 2, 2018. On December 31, 2018, Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint for failure to state a claim. The Company is unable to predict the ultimate outcome of the Securities Litigation and therefore cannot estimate possible losses or ranges of losses, if any.
In addition, on June 1, 2018, September 20, 2018, and September 25, 2018, purported stockholders of the Company filed nearly identical derivative lawsuits on behalf of the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey against the Company (as a nominal defendant) and current and former members of the Company’s Board of Directors and current and former officers of the Company. The three cases are captioned: Bell v. Sharma et al., No. 2:18-cv-10009-CCC-MF, McNeece v. Pappajohn et al., No. 2:18-cv-14093, and Workman v. Pappajohn, et al., No. 2:18-cv-14259 (the “Derivative Litigation”). The complaints allege claims for breach of fiduciary duty, violations of Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (premised upon alleged omissions in the Company’s 2017 proxy statement), and unjust enrichment, and allege that the individual defendants failed to implement and maintain adequate controls, which resulted in ineffective disclosure controls and procedures, and conspired to conceal this alleged failure. The lawsuits seek, among other things, damages and/or restitution to the Company, appropriate equitable relief to remedy the alleged breaches of fiduciary duty, and attorneys’ fees and costs. On November 9, 2018, the Court in the Bell v. Sharma action entered a stipulation filed by the parties staying the Bell action until

the Securities Litigation is dismissed, with prejudice, and all appeals have been exhausted; or the defendants’ motion to dismiss in the Securities Litigation is denied in whole or in part; or either of the parties in the Bell action gives 30 days’ notice that they no longer consent to the stay. On December 10, 2018, the parties in the McNeece action filed a stipulation that is substantially identical to the Bell stipulation. On February 1, 2019, the Court in the Workman action granted a stipulation that is substantially identical to the Bell stipulation. The Company is unable to predict the ultimate outcome of the Derivative Litigation and therefore cannot estimate possible losses or ranges of losses, if any.
Additional shareholder lawsuits may be filed in the future. We may not be successful in defending ourselves in litigation or arbitration which may result in large judgments or settlements against us, any of which could have a negative effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations. Additionally, lawsuits can be expensive to defend, whether or not they have merit, and the defense of these actions may divert the attention of our management and other resources that would otherwise be engaged in managing our business. Our liability insurance coverage may not be sufficient to satisfy, or may not cover, any expenses or liabilities that may arise.

Our outstanding warrants and stock options may have an adverse effect on the market price of shares of our common stock.

As of March 11, 2019, we had issued and outstanding warrants to purchase 12,053,541 shares of our common stock at a weighted-average exercise price of $3.14 per share and outstanding options to purchase an aggregate of 2,344,171 shares of our common stock at a weighted-average exercise price of $4.79 per share. We also had approximately 3,745,800 shares issuable upon the conversion of the Iliad Note, at a conversion price of $0.80 per share, and approximately 2,661,364 shares issuable upon the conversion of the outstanding balance under the Novellus Credit Agreement at a conversion price of $0.606 per share. The sale, or even the possibility of sale, and the uncertainty with respect to the timing of any sales, of the shares underlying these securities, particularly the warrants, could have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock and on our ability to obtain future financing at prices we deem satisfactory, or at all. If and to what extent these warrants and/or options are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.

We are not currently in compliance with the continued listing requirements for the Nasdaq Capital Market. If we do not regain compliance and continue to meet the continued listing requirements, our common stock may be delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market, which could affect the market price and liquidity for our common stock and reduce our ability to raise additional capital.
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market. In order to maintain that listing, we must satisfy minimum financial and other requirements including, without limitation, a requirement that our closing bid price be at least $1.00 per share, and that we hold an annual meeting of stockholders within twelve months of the end of our fiscal year.
On January 29, 2019, the Company received written notice from the Listing Qualifications Staff of The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) notifying the Company that it was required to seek stockholder approval of the execution of the Novellus Credit Agreement, under which the Company was advanced $1.5 million, the outstanding balance of which, including interest, is convertible, at the option of Novellus, into shares of common stock at a conversion price of $0.606 per share, due to the potential for the Company, upon a conversion of such outstanding balance, with interest, to be required to issue common stock at a discount to the market price of the common stock on the day of execution of such agreement in excess of 20% of the pre-transaction outstanding shares of common stock, pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d) (the “Approval Requirement”). The obligation was convertible into 2,475,248 shares (or approximately 8.9% of the Company’s outstanding common stock) on the date of entry into the Novellus Credit Agreement. The Company had contemplated that the Novellus Credit Agreement would be paid off or otherwise retired in advance of any time at which the outstanding balance under such agreement could have been convertible into common stock in excess of the 20% threshold, due to both the Novellus Merger Agreement and the Novellus Credit Agreement having end dates of March 31, 2019. However, as the Novellus Merger Agreement was terminated in December 2018 before shareholder approval was sought, the Company potentially may be required to issue shares of common stock upon conversion under such agreement in excess of such threshold at a future date.

Nasdaq’s notice had no immediate effect on the listing of the common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(2)(C), the Company had 45 calendar days from January 29, 2019, or until March 15, 2019, to submit to Nasdaq a plan to regain compliance with the Approval Requirement, which the Company submitted on March 15, 2019. If Nasdaq accepts the Company’s plan, Nasdaq may grant an extension of up to 180 calendar days from January 29, 2019, or July 28, 2019, to regain compliance. If Nasdaq does not accept the Company’s plan, the Company will have the right to appeal such decision to a Nasdaq hearings panel. There can be no assurance that Nasdaq will accept the Company’s plan or that the Company will be able to regain compliance with the Approval Requirement or maintain compliance with any other Nasdaq requirement in the future.


On January 3, 2019, we received written notice from the Listing Qualifications Staff Nasdaq notifying us that we no longer comply with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5620(a) due to our failure to hold an annual meeting of stockholders within twelve months of the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 (the “Annual Meeting Requirement”). We had contemplated holding our 2018 annual meeting of stockholders simultaneously with seeking stockholder approval of the Novellus Merger Agreement. As the Novellus Merger Agreement was terminated in December 2018 before any approval was sought, we still need to schedule an annual meeting.
Nasdaq’s notice had no immediate effect on the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(2)(G), we had 45 calendar days from January 3, 2019, or until February 19, 2019, to submit to Nasdaq a plan to regain compliance with the Annual Meeting Requirement, which we submitted on February 19, 2019. If Nasdaq accepts our plan, Nasdaq may grant an extension of up to 180 calendar days from December 31, 2018, the date of our fiscal year end for our last fiscal year, or July 1, 2019, to regain compliance. If Nasdaq does not accept our plan, we will have the right to appeal such decision to a Nasdaq hearings panel.
There can be no assurance that Nasdaq will accept our plan or that we will be able to regain compliance with the Annual Meeting Requirement or maintain compliance with any other Nasdaq requirement in the future.
On November 13, 2018, we received a written notice from Nasdaq indicating that we are not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. We have 180 calendar days in which to regain compliance, or until May 13, 2019. We can regain compliance if at any time during this 180 day period the bid price of our common stock closes at or above $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten consecutive business days.
We intend to monitor the closing bid price of our common stock and consider our available options to resolve our noncompliance with the minimum bid price requirement, which may include submitting for approval by our stockholders a proposal to grant discretionary authority to our board of directors to amend our certificate of incorporation to effect a reverse split of our outstanding shares of common stock within an appropriate range, with the exact reverse split ratio to be decided and publicly announced by the board of directors prior to the effective time of the amendment to our certificate of incorporation. No determination regarding our response has been made at this time. There can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement or we will otherwise be in compliance with other Nasdaq listing criteria.
If we fail to regain compliance with the minimum bid requirement, the Annual Meeting Requirement or the Approval Requirement or to meet the other applicable continued listing requirements for the Nasdaq Capital Market in the future and Nasdaq determines to delist our common stock, the delisting could adversely affect the market price and liquidity of our common stock and reduce our ability to raise additional capital. In addition, if our common stock is delisted from Nasdaq and the trading price remains below $5.00 per share, trading in our common stock might also become subject to the requirements of certain rules promulgated under the Exchange Act, which require additional disclosure by broker-dealers in connection with any trade involving a stock defined as a “penny stock” (generally, any equity security not listed on a national securities exchange or quoted on Nasdaq that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions).

Risks Relating to Our Business and Strategy

If we are unable to increase sales, of our tests and services or to successfully develop and commercialize other proprietary tests, ourthe Company revenues will be insufficient for us to achieve profitability.


WeThe Company currently derivederives substantially all of our revenues from our testing services, and laboratory services and CRO services at the premarket stage. We have only recently begun offering our proprietary Focus::NGS® panels through our CLIA-certified, CAP-accredited and state licensed laboratories. We are in varying stages of research and development for other diagnostic tests that we may offer.

BiopharmaDiscovery Services are services that include proprietary preclinical test systems supporting clinical diagnostic and tests provided toprognostic offerings at early stages, supporting the pharmaceutical and biotechindustry, biotechnology companies and clinicalacademic research organizations in connection with phase I, phase II or phase III studies forcenters. In particular, the Company’s preclinical development of therapeutic drugs. The naturebiomarker detection methods, response to immuno-oncology directed novel treatments and early prediction of these servicesclinical outcome is that they tend to come in relatively large projects but episodically, rather than providing steady sourcessupported by the Company’s extended portfolio of revenues.orthotopic, xenografts and syngeneic tumor test systems. It is unclear at this stage of our development whether wethe Company will be able to maintain and grow the number of pharmaceutical and biotech companies and clinical research organizations who will avail themselves of our services, or how regular a flow of drug development projects we will be able to obtain from existing customers.the Company’s services.

Discovery Services are services that include proprietary preclinical test systems supporting our clinical diagnostic and prognostic offerings at early stages, supporting the pharmaceutical industry, biotechnology companies and academic research centers. In particular, our preclinical development of biomarker detection methods, response to immuno-oncology directed

novel treatments and early prediction of clinical outcome is supported by our extended portfolio of orthotopic, xenografts and syngeneic tumor test systems. Since this acquisition if relatively new, it is unclear whether we will be able to maintain and grow the number of pharmaceutical and biotech companies and clinical research organizations who will avail themselves of our services, or how regular a flow of drug development projects we will be able to obtain from existing customers.


If we arethe Company is unable to increase sales of our tests and services, or to successfully develop, validate and commercialize other diagnostic tests, wethe Company will not produce sufficient revenues to become profitable.


The Company’s business is subject to risks arising from epidemic diseases, such as the recent global outbreak of COVID-19.

The outbreak of COVID-19, which has been declared by the World Health Organization to be a pandemic, has spread across the globe and is impacting worldwide economic activity. A pandemic, including COVID-19 or other public health epidemic, poses the risk that the Company or its employees, contractors, suppliers, courier delivery services and other partners may be prevented from conducting business activities for an indefinite period of time, including due to spread of the disease within these groups or due to shutdowns that may be requested or mandated by governmental authorities. While it is not possible at this time to estimate the impact that COVID-19 has had and may have on the Company’s business, the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures have had and may continue to have an adverse impact on global economic conditions which could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business and financial condition.

The continued spread of COVID-19 and the measures taken by the governments of countries affected could disrupt the supply chain of material needed for the Company’s Discovery Services and could delay future projects from commencing due to COVID-19 related impacts on the demand for Company services and therefore have a material adverse effect on business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, the Company’s corporate and accounting functions are located in New Jersey and were previously subject to a stay-at-home order, and are currently subject to social distancing orders and guidelines. The Company’s preclinical laboratories located in the United States were subject to a stay-at-home order until June 2020, and are now subject to social distancing
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orders, and its Australia laboratories remain subject to stay-at-home orders. Many of the Company’s customers worldwide are similarly impacted. As a healthcare provider, the Company has been allowed to remain open in compliance with the shelter-in-place and stay-at-home mandates and continue to provide critical services in the development of new therapies and the fight against cancer and other diseases. The Company is still providing Discovery Services, and began to experience a slowdown in project work as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic during the second and third quarters of 2020 and expects the future of many projects may be delayed. The global outbreak of COVID-19 continues to rapidly evolve, and the extent to which COVID-19 may impact business, results of operations and financial position will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, such as the ultimate geographic spread of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, travel restrictions and social distancing in the United States and other countries, business closures or business disruptions, and the effectiveness of actions taken in the United States and other countries to contain and treat the disease.

Also, it may hamper the Company’s efforts to provide its investors with timely information and comply with its filing obligations with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

If pathologists and oncologists decide not to order our diagnostic tests and/or pharmaceutical and biotech companies and clinical research organizations decide not to use our diagnostic tests and services and ourthe Company’s preclinical CRO services in connection with their clinical trials, wethe Company may be unable to generate sufficient revenue to sustain ourthe Company’s business.


To generate demand for our Clinical Services, we will need to educate oncologists and pathologists on the clinical utility, benefits and value of each type of test we provide through published papers, presentations at scientific conferences and one-on-one education sessions by members of our sales force. In addition, we will need to assure oncologists and pathologists of our ability to obtain and maintain coverage and adequate reimbursement from third-party payors. To generate demand for our Biopharma Services andits Discovery Services, we needthe Company needs to educate pharmaceutical and biotech companies and clinical research organizations on the utility of ourthe Company’s tests and services to improve the outcomes of clinical trials for new oncology drugs and more rapidly advance targeted therapies through the clinical development process through published papers, presentations at scientific conferences and one-on-one education sessions by members of ourthe Company’s sales force. WeThe Company may need to hire additional commercial, scientific, technical and other personnel to support this process. If wethe Company cannot convince medical practitioners, pharmaceutical and biotech companies or clinical research organizations to order ourits diagnostic tests or other future tests we develop, wethe Company develops, the Company will likely be unable to create demand for our tests in sufficient volume for usit to achieve sustained profitability.


The potential loss or delay of ourthe Company’s large contracts or of multiple contracts could adversely affect our results.


Most of ourthe Company’s Discovery Services customers can terminate ourthe contracts upon 30 to 90 days’ notice. These customers may delay, terminate or reduce the scope of ourthe contracts for a variety of reasons beyond ourthe Company’s control, including but not limited to:


•decisions to forego or terminate a particular clinical trial;

•lack of available financing, budgetary limits or changing priorities;

•failure of products being tested to satisfy safety requirements or efficacy criteria;

•unexpected or undesired clinical results for products; or

•shift of business to a competitor or internal resources.


As a result, contract terminations, delays and alterations are a possible outcome in ourthe Company’s Discovery Services business. In the event of termination, ourthe contracts often provide for fees for winding down the project, but these fees may not be sufficient for usthe Company to maintain our margins, and termination may result in lower resource utilization rates. In addition, wethe Company may not realize the full benefits of ourthe backlog of contractually committed services if our customers cancel, delay or reduce their commitments under ourthe Company’s contracts with them, which may occur if, among other things, a customer decides to shift its business to a competitor or revoke ourthe Company’s status as a preferred provider. Thus, the loss or delay of a large contract or the loss or delay of multiple contracts could adversely affect ourCompany revenues and profitability. We believeThe Company believes the risk of loss or delay of multiple contracts potentially has greater effect where we arethe Company is party to broader partnering arrangements with global biopharmaceutical companies.


The commercial success of our Clinical Services business could be compromised if third-party payors, including insurance companies, managed care organizations and Medicare, do not provide coverage and reimbursement, breach, rescind or modify their contracts or reimbursement policies or delay payments for our molecular diagnostic tests.

Pathologists and oncologists may not order our molecular diagnostic tests unless third-party payors, such as insurance companies, managed care organizations and government payors, such as Medicare and Medicaid, pay a substantial portion of the test price. If reimbursement is not available, or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our molecular diagnostic tests. Even if coverage is provided, the approved reimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish or maintain pricing sufficient to realize a sufficient return on our investment. Coverage and reimbursement by a third-party payor may depend on a number of factors, including a payor’s determination that tests using our technologies are:

not experimental or investigational;
medically necessary;
appropriate for the specific patient;

cost-effective;
supported by peer-reviewed publications; and
included in clinical practice guidelines.

Uncertainty surrounds third-party payor coverage and reimbursement of any test incorporating new technology, including tests developed using our NGS panels. Technology assessments of new medical tests and devices conducted by research centers and other entities may be disseminated to interested parties for informational purposes. Even if we obtain marketing clearance or approval to market molecular diagnostic tests, or where we have acquired the rights to already cleared or approved products, our future revenues will depend upon the size of any markets in which our product candidates and acquired products have received clearance or approval, and our ability to achieve sufficient market acceptance, reimbursement from third-party payors and adequate market share for our product candidates and acquired products in those markets.

Third-party payors and health care providers may use such technology assessments as grounds to deny coverage for a test or procedure. For example, on March 16, 2018, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) finalized a National Coverage Determination (“NCD”) that covers diagnostic laboratory tests using Next Generation Sequencing (“NGS”) for patients with advanced cancer (i.e., recurrent, metastatic, relapsed, refractory, or stages III or IV cancer). Under the NCD, CMS will cover FDA-approved or cleared companion in vitro diagnostics when the test has an FDA-approved or cleared indication for use in that patient’s cancer and results are provided to the treating physician for management of the patient using a report template to specify treatment options. Tests that gain FDA approval or clearance as an in vitro companion diagnostic will automatically receive full coverage under this final NCD, provided other coverage criteria are also met. However, coverage determinations for other diagnostic laboratory tests (i.e. not companion diagnostics) using NGS for Medicare patients with advanced cancer will be made by local Medicare Administrative Contractors (“MACs”). Local coverage determinations will vary, and may affect reimbursement rates, if any, that may be offered for tests developed using our NGS panels.

Because each payor generally determines for its own enrollees or insured patients whether to cover or otherwise establish a policy to reimburse our diagnostic tests, seeking payor approvals is a time-consuming and costly process. For our FDA-approved Tissue of Origin ® test, we are currently working with CMS to negotiate an increased CFLS rate for our FDA-approved test, and are exploring additional reimbursement arrangement with third-party payors. We cannot be certain that coverage for our tests (FDA-cleared/approved or LDT) will be provided in the future by additional third-party payors or that existing contracts, agreements or policy decisions or reimbursement levels will remain in place or be fulfilled under existing terms and provisions. If we cannot obtain coverage and reimbursement from private and governmental payors such as Medicare and Medicaid for our current tests, or new tests or test enhancements that we may develop in the future, our ability to generate revenues from our clinical services could be limited, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow. Further, we have experienced in the past, and will likely experience in the future, delays and temporary interruptions in the receipt of payments from third-party payors due to missing documentation and other issues, which could cause delay in collecting our revenue.

OurCompany’s quarterly operating results may be subject to significant fluctuations and may be difficult to forecast.


In recent years, we have been expanding our Biopharma Services business. The nature of these services is that they tend to come in relatively large projects but episodically, rather than providing steady sources of revenues. The timing, size and duration of ourthe Company’s contracts with pharmaceutical and biotech companies and clinical research organizations depend on the size, pace and duration of such customer’s clinical trial, over which we havethe Company has no control and sometimes limited visibility. In addition, our expense levels are based, in part, on expectation of future revenue levels. A
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shortfall in expected revenue could, therefore, result in a disproportionate decrease in ourthe Company’s net income. As a result, our quarterly operating results may be subject to significant fluctuations and may be difficult to forecast.

If we are unable to successfully validate our laboratory tests and services, we will not be able to increase revenues.

Pathologists and oncologists may not order our proprietary tests, and third-party payors may not reimburse for our tests, unless we are able to provide compelling evidence that the tests are useful to patient treatment and produce actionable information with respect to the diagnosis, prognosis and theranosis of the various cancers on which our work is focused. In addition, pharmaceutical and biotech companies and clinical research organizations may not order our proprietary tests unless we are able to provide compelling evidence that such tests improve the outcomes of clinical trials for new oncology drugs and allow pharmaceutical and biotech companies to more rapidly advance targeted therapeutics. While we have successfully validated all of the tests that we currently offer through: the FDA for our FDA-cleared TOO® test, and CAP, CLIA, the New York Clinical Lab Evaluation Program (CLEP) Validation Unit, through our pharmaceutical clients and partners for our lab-developed tests,

we believe that we will need to finance and successfully complete additional and more powerful studies, and then effectively disseminate the results of those studies, to drive widespread adoption of our tests and thereby increase our revenues.

If the market for our tests andthe Company’s services does not experience significant growth or if our tests and services do not achieve broad acceptance, our operations will suffer.


WeThe Company cannot accurately predict the future growth rate or the size of the market for our tests andthe Company’s services. The expansion of this market depends on a number of factors, such as:


the results of clinical trials;
•the cost, performance and reliability of our tests andthe Company’s services, and the tests and services offered by competitors;
customers'
•customers’ perceptions regarding the benefits of our tests andthe Company’s services;
customers'
•customers’ satisfaction with our tests andthe Company’s services; and

•marketing efforts and publicity regarding our tests andthe Company’s services.


OurThe Company’s financial results may be adversely affected if we underprice ourit underprices contracts, overrun ouroverruns cost estimates or failfails to receive approval for or experience delays in documenting change orders.


Most of ourthe Discovery Services contracts are either fee for service contracts or fixed-fee contracts. OurThe Company’s past financial results have been, and our future financial results may be, adversely impacted if wethe Company initially underprice ourunderprices contracts or otherwise overrun our cost estimates and areis unable to successfully negotiate a change order. Change orders typicallycan occur when the scope of work we performthe Company performs needs to be modified from that originally contemplated by ourthe contract with the customer.customer and are typically treated as new projects. Modifications can occur, for example, when there is a change in a key clinical trial assumption or parameter or a significant change in timing. Where we arethe Company is not successful in converting out-of-scope work into change orders under our current contracts, we bearthe Company bears the cost of the additional work. Such underpricing, significant cost overruns or delay in documentation of change orders could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.


If we failthe Company fails to perform ourthe services in accordance with contractual requirements, regulatory standards and ethical considerations, wethe Company could be subject to significant costs or liability and ourthe Company’s reputation could be harmed.


In connection with ourthe Discovery Services business, we contractthe Company contracts with biopharmaceutical companies to provide specialized services to assist them in planning and conducting unique, specialized studies to guide drug discovery and development programs with a concentration in oncology and immuno-oncology. OurThe Company’s services include monitoring clinicalmanaging pre-clinical trials, data and laboratory analysis, electronic data capture and other related services. Such services are complex and subject to contractual requirements, regulatory standards and ethical considerations. If we failthe Company fails to perform ourthe services in accordance with these requirements, regulatory agencies may take action against usthe Company for failure to comply with applicable regulations governing clinical trials. Customers may also bring claims against usthe Company for breach of our contractual obligations. Any such action could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and reputation.


Such consequences could arise if, among other things, the following occur:


Improper performance of ourthe Company’s services. The performance of clinical development services is complex and time-consuming. For example, wethe Company may make mistakes in conducting a clinical trial that could negatively impact or obviate the usefulness of the clinical trial or cause the results of the clinical trial to be reported improperly. If the clinical trial results are compromised, wethe Company could be subject to significant costs or liability, which could have an adverse impact on ourthe ability to perform our services. As examples:


•non-compliance generally could result in the termination of ongoing clinical trials or sales and marketing projects or the disqualification of data for submission to regulatory authorities;

•compromise of data from a particular clinical trial, such as failure to verify that informed consent was obtained from patients, could require usthe Company to repeat the clinical trial under the terms of ourthe contract at no further cost to ourthe customer, but at a substantial cost to us;the Company; and

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•breach of a contractual term could result in liability for damages or termination of the contract.


While we endeavorthe Company endeavors to contractually limit our exposure to such risks, improper performance of ourthe Company’s services could have an adverse effect on ourthe Company’s financial condition, damage our reputation and result in the cancellation of current contracts by or failure to obtain future contracts from the affected customer or other customers.



Any investigation of our customers could damage our business.
Investigation of customers.
From time to time, one or more of ourthe Company’s customers are audited or investigated by regulatory authorities or enforcement agencies with respect to regulatory compliance of their clinical trials, programs or the marketing and sale of their drugs. There is a risk that either ourthe Company’s customers or regulatory authorities could claim that wethe Company performed our services improperly or that we arethe Company is responsible for clinical trial or program compliance. If ourthe Company’s customers or regulatory authorities make such claims against usthe Company and prove them, wethe Company could be subject to damages, fines or penalties. In addition, negative publicity regarding regulatory compliance of our customers’ clinical trials, programs or drugs could have an adverse effect on ourthe Company’s business and reputation.


If we failBusiness or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm the Company’s development efforts and increase costs and expenses.

Broad-based business or economic disruptions could adversely affect the Company’s business and ongoing or planned research and development activities of customers. For example, in December 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China and has since spread to perform our Biopharma Servicesa number of other countries, including the United States. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in accordancesocial, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which the Company or Company customers operate. The Company cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if the Company or any of its customers, suppliers, regulators and other third parties with contractualwhom the Company conducts business, were to experience shutdowns or other business disruptions, the ability to conduct business in the manner and regulatory requirements, and ethical considerations, weon the timelines presently planned could be subject to significant costs or liability.

Through our Biopharma Services offering, we contract with pharmaceuticalmaterially and biotech companies to perform a wide range of services to assist themnegatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the healthcare-related facilities in bringing new therapeutics to market. Our services include data and laboratory analysis, clinical trial design consulting, data capture and other related services. Such services are complex and subject to contractual requirements, regulatory standards and ethical considerations. If we fail to perform our services in accordance with these requirements, regulatory authorities may take action against us or our customers. Such actions may include failure of such regulatory authority to grant marketing approval of our customers’ products, imposition of holds or delays, suspension or withdrawal of clearances or approvals, rejection of data collected, laboratory license revocation, product recalls, operational restrictions, civil or criminal penalties or prosecutions, damages or fines. Any such actionwhich Company customers conduct studies, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.the Company’s business and results of operation and financial condition.


If we arethe Company is unable to manage growth in our business, our prospects may be limited and ourthe Company’s future results of operations may be adversely affected.


We intendThe Company intends to continue with our research and development activities, our sales and marketing programs and other activities as needed to meet future demand. Any significant expansion may strain our managerial, financial and other resources. If we arethe Company is unable to manage such growth, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected. WeThe Company will need to improve continually ourthe operations, financial and other internal systems to manage its growth effectively, and any failure to do so may lead to inefficiencies and redundancies, and result in reduced growth prospects and diminished operational results.


Our business depends on our ability to successfully commercialize novel cancer diagnostic tests and services, which is time consuming and complex, and our development efforts may fail.

Part of our business strategy focuses on discovering, developing and commercializing molecular, genomic and genetic diagnostic tests and services. We believe the long-term success of our business depends on our ability to fully validate and commercialize our existing diagnostic tests and services and to develop and commercialize new diagnostic tests. We have multiple tests we are currently offering or may develop, but research, development and commercialization of diagnostic tests is time-consuming, uncertain and complex.

Tests we currently offer in our laboratory, or any additional technologies that we may develop, may not succeed in reliably diagnosing or predicting the recurrence of cancers with the sensitivity and specificity necessary to be clinically useful, and thus may not succeed commercially. In addition, prior to or an in continuing in conjunction with commercializing our diagnostic tests, we must undertake time-consuming and costly development activities, including clinical studies, and obtain regulatory clearance or approval, which may be denied. This development process involves a high degree of risk, substantial expenditures and will occur over several years. Our development efforts may fail for many reasons, including:
failure of the tests at the research or development stage;
difficulty in accessing archival tissue samples, especially tissue samples with known clinical results; or
lack of sufficient clinical validation data to support the effectiveness of the test.

Tests that appear promising in early development may fail to be validated in subsequent studies, and even if we achieve positive results, we may ultimately fail to obtain the necessary regulatory clearances or approvals. There is substantial risk that our research and development projects will not result in commercial tests, and that success in early clinical trials will not be replicated in later studies. At any point, we may abandon development of a test or be required to expend considerable resources repeating clinical trials, which would adversely impact the timing for generating potential revenues from that test. In addition, as we develop tests, we will have to make significant investments in research, development and marketing resources. If a clinical validation study of a particular test then fails to demonstrate the outlined goals of the study, we might choose to abandon the development of that test. Further, our ability to develop and launch diagnostic tests will likely depend on our receipt of additional funding. If our discovery and development programs yield fewer commercial tests than we expect, we may

be unable to execute our business plan, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, if the supply of reagents or equipment on which our tests in development or commercial tests rely becomes unavailable and we have to source replacement reagents or equipment for our tests, additional validation activities will be required and we may need to obtain regulatory clearances or approvals for the modified tests.

WeThe Company may acquire other businesses or form joint ventures or make investments in other companies or technologies that could harm our operating results, dilute ourits stockholders’ ownership, increase our debt or cause usthe Company to incur significant expense.


As part of ourthe Company’s business strategy, wethe Company may pursue other mergers or acquisitions of businesses and assets. We also may pursue strategic alliances and joint ventures that leverage our core technology and industry experience to expand our offerings or distribution. For example, wethe Company has an acquisition of StemoniX pending, and it acquired vivoPharmvivoPharm in 2017, Response Genetics, Inc. in 2015 and Gentris Corporation in 2014, and we entered into a joint venture in May 2013 with Mayo Foundation for Education and Research. WeThe Company subsequently shut down Response Genetics operations in California and moved them to New Jersey and North Carolina and we are in February 2020 completed the process of completing our commitments thereby ending the need for ourthe Company’s joint venture with Mayo. WeThe Company also purchased a businesssold the Clinical Business and BioPharma Business in Indiatwo transactions in August 2014 which we sold in April 2018. We haveJuly 2019 (the “Business Disposals”). The Company has developed experience with acquiring other companies and forming strategic alliances and joint ventures. WeThe Company may not be able to find suitable partners or merger or acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete such transactions on favorable terms, if at all. If we makethe Company makes any acquisitions, wethe Company may not be able to integrate these acquisitions successfully into our existing business, and we could assume unknown or contingent liabilities. Any future acquisitions also could result in significant write-offs or the incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities, any of which could have a material adverse effect on ourthe Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Integration of an acquired company also may disrupt ongoing operations and require management resources that would otherwise focus on developing our existing business. WeThe Company may experience losses related to investments in other companies, which could have a material negative effect on ourthe results of operations. WeThe Company may not
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identify or complete these transactions in a timely manner, on a cost-effective basis, or at all, and we may not realize the anticipated benefits of any acquisition, technology license, strategic alliance or joint venture.


To finance any mergers or acquisitions, or joint ventures, wethe Company may choose to issue shares of our common stock as consideration, which would dilute the ownership of ourits stockholders. If the price of ourthe Company’s common stock is low or volatile, wethe Company may not be able to acquire other companies or fund a joint venture project using our stock as consideration. Alternatively, it may be necessary for usthe Company to raise additional funds for acquisitions through public or private financings. Additional funds may not be available on terms that are favorable to us,the Company, or at all.

We conduct business in a heavily regulated industry, and if we are unable to obtain regulatory clearance or approvals in the United States, if we experience delays in receiving clearance or approvals, or if we do not gain acceptance from other laboratories of any cleared or approved diagnostic tests at their facilities, our growth strategy may not be successful.

We currently offer our proprietary tests in conjunction with our comprehensive panel of laboratory services in our CLIA-certified and CAP-accredited laboratory. Because we currently offer these tests and services solely for use within our laboratory, we believe we may market the tests as laboratory developed tests (LDTs) under the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (“FDA’s”) enforcement framework. Although the FDA has statutory authority to assure that medical devices, including LDTs, are safe and effective for their intended uses, the FDA has generally exercised its enforcement discretion and not enforced applicable regulations with respect to LDTs. Specifically, under current FDA enforcement policies and more recent draft guidance, LDTs generally do not require FDA premarket clearance or approval before commercialization, and we have marketed our LDTs on that basis. While we believe that we are currently in material compliance with applicable laws and regulations as historically enforced by the FDA, we cannot assure you that the FDA will agree with our determination or that its application and enforcement of its authorities will not change, and a determination that we have violated these laws and regulations, or a public announcement that we are being investigated for possible violations, could adversely affect our business, prospects, results of operations or financial condition. Further, our LDT may be subject to approval by the New York State Clinical Lab Evaluation Program (“CLEP”). New York state’s clinical laboratory regulatory program is exempt from CLIA, and maintains its own policies and procedures for evaluating and approving commercial LDTs for use in New York or on individuals residing in New York. New York LDT approval can be lengthy processes, which could delay our ability to market our tests to doctors and patients in this state.

If we were to offer our tests through third-party laboratories, these tests would most likely not be subject to the FDA’s current exercise of enforcement discretion over LDTs, and would be subject to the applicable medical device regulations. For example, these tests could become subject to the FDA’s requirements for premarket review. Unless an exemption applies, generally, before a new medical device or a new use for a medical device may be sold or distributed in the United States, the medical device must receive premarket marketing authorization from the FDA, which is generally either FDA clearance of a 510(k) premarket notification or premarket approval of a PMA application. As a result, before we can market or distribute our tests in

the United States for use by other clinical testing laboratories, we must first obtain premarket marketing authorization (generally referred to as premarket clearance or premarket approval throughout this document) from the FDA. We have not yet applied for clearance or approval from the FDA, and would need to complete additional validations before we are ready to apply. We believe it would likely take two years or more to conduct the studies and trials necessary to obtain approval from the FDA to commercially launch any of our proprietary products outside of our clinical laboratory. Once we do apply, we may not receive FDA clearance or approval for the commercial use of our tests on a timely basis, or at all. If we are unable to obtain clearance or approval or if clinical diagnostic laboratories do not accept our tests, our ability to grow our business by deploying our tests could be compromised.

Our laboratory may also require an out-of-state laboratory operations permit to accept and perform diagnostic tests on specimens from residents of California, Florida, Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, New Jersey and New York. Failure to obtain a permit to operate as an out-of-state laboratory in any of these or other locations could result in fines, refusal by the relevant state regulatory authority to issue a permit in the future, and adversely affect our ability to market our products in the future. The laboratory permitting application and approval process can be lengthy, which may further delay our ability to market our lab services and products in these states.

We do not have immediate plans to market our tests for commercial use in the European Union and as a result, at this time we do not believe we are subject to EU or EU member state post-market regulations related to our tests.

The FDA may impose additional regulatory obligations and costs upon our business.

On October 3, 2014 the FDA issued two draft guidance documents regarding its intent to modify its policy of enforcement discretion and increase oversight over LDTs. The two draft guidance documents are entitled “Framework for Regulatory Oversight of Laboratory Developed Tests (LDTs)” (the “Framework Draft Guidance”) and “FDA Notification and Medical Device Reporting for Laboratory Developed Test (LDTs)” (the “Notification Draft Guidance”). In the Framework Draft Guidance, FDA stated that after the Guidances are finalized, it no longer would exercise enforcement discretion with respect to most LDTs and instead would regulate them in a risk-based manner consistent with the existing classification of medical devices. The Framework Draft Guidance stated that within six months after the Guidances were finalized, all laboratories would be required to give notice to the FDA and provide basic information concerning the nature of the LDTs offered. The FDA then would begin a phased-in review of the LDTs available, based on the risk associated with the tests. For the highest risk LDTs, which the FDA classifies as Class III devices, the Framework Draft Guidance stated that the FDA would begin to require premarket review within 12 months after the Guidance was finalized. Other high risk LDTs would be reviewed over the next four years and then lower risk tests (Class II tests) would be reviewed in the following four to nine years. The Framework Draft Guidance stated that FDA expected to issue a separate Guidance describing the criteria for its risk-based classification 18-24 months after the Guidances were finalized.

On November 18, 2016, the FDA stated that it would not be issuing final guidance on regulation of LDTs and, instead, it would outline its view of an appropriate risk-based approach to LDTs. On January 13, 2017, the FDA released a “Discussion Paper on Laboratory Developed Tests” that synthesizes the feedback that the agency received from various stakeholders on FDA regulation of LDTs “with the hope that it advances public discussion on LDT oversight.” The FDA stated in the introduction to the discussion paper: “The synthesis does not represent the formal thinking of the FDA, nor is it enforceable…This document does not represent a final version of the LDT draft guidance documents that were published in 2014.” Rather, its purpose is to allow for further public discussion and to give Congress a chance to develop a legislative solution. FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb has stated publicly that it would be preferable for Congress to develop a clear legislative framework for the FDA to implement, rather than for the FDA to regulate LDTs through guidance documents. A number of Congressional committees of the 115th Congress reportedly are working with various stakeholders to consider different approaches to regulation of LDTs. On August 3, 2018, FDA provided Congressional committee staff technical assistance on the discussion draft entitled the Diagnostic Accuracy and Innovation Act (DAIA). In FDA’s technical assistance, FDA reiterated that it supported the goal of legislation to create pathways to market for all in vitro clinical tests (IVCTs). It is unclear at this time whether those committees and stakeholders can reach consensus around an approach and develop legislation and whether Congress would pass any such legislation.

If we and our tests become subject to FDA’s enforcement of its medical device regulations with respect to LDTs, we may be subject to significant and onerous regulatory obligations. See section entitled “Risk Factors-Regulatory Risks Relating to CGI’s Business-If the FDA regulates LDTs as proposed, then it would classify LDTs according to the current system used to regulate medical devices. Under that system, there are three different classes of medical devices, with the requirements becoming more stringent depending on the Class.”


If we are unable to execute our marketing strategy for our tests and our tests are unable to gain acceptance in the market, we may be unable to generate sufficient revenue to sustain our business.

Although we believe that our tests represent promising commercial opportunities, our tests may never gain significant acceptance in the marketplace and therefore may never generate substantial revenue or profits for us. We need to continue to develop a market for our tests through physician education and awareness programs. Gaining acceptance in medical communities requires that we perform additional studies after validating the efficacy of our tests and services for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer, and that we obtain acceptance of the results of those studies using our tests for publication in leading peer-reviewed medical journals. The results of any studies are always uncertain and even if we believe such studies demonstrate the value of our tests, they process of publication in leading medical journals is subject to a peer review process and peer reviewers may not consider the results of our studies sufficiently novel or worthy of publication. Failure to have our studies published in peer-reviewed journals would limit the adoption of our tests. Our ability to successfully market the tests that we may develop will depend on numerous factors, including:

whether health care providers believe our diagnostic tests provide clinical utility;
whether the medical community accepts that our diagnostic tests are sufficiently sensitive and specific to be meaningful in-patient care and treatment decisions; and
whether health insurers, government health programs and other third-party payors will cover and pay for our diagnostic tests and, if so, whether they will adequately reimburse us.

Failure to achieve widespread market acceptance of our diagnostic tests would materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we cannot develop tests to keep pace with rapid advances in technology, medicine and science, our operating results and competitive position could be harmed.

In recent years, there have been numerous advances in technologies relating to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. There are several new cancer drugs under development that may increase patient survival time. There have also been advances in methods used to analyze very large amounts of genomic information. We must continuously develop new tests and enhance our existing tests to keep pace with evolving standards of care. Our existing tests could become obsolete unless we continually innovate and expand them to demonstrate benefit in patients treated with new therapies. New cancer therapies typically have only a few years of clinical data associated with them, which limits our ability to perform clinical studies and correlate sets of genes to a new treatment’s effectiveness. If we cannot adequately demonstrate the applicability of our tests to new treatments, sales of our tests and services could decline, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If our tests do not continue to perform as expected, our operating results, reputation and business will suffer.

Our success depends on the market’s confidence that we can continue to provide reliable, high-quality diagnostic tests. We believe that our customers are likely to be particularly sensitive to test defects and errors. As a result, the failure of our tests or services to perform as expected would significantly impair our reputation and the public image of our tests and services, and we may be subject to legal claims arising from any defects or errors.


There is a scarcity of experienced professionals in ourthe Company’s industry. If we arethe Company is not able to retain and recruit personnel with the requisite technical skills, wethe Company may be unable to successfully execute ourthe business strategy.


The specialized nature of ourthe Company’s industry results in an inherent scarcity of experienced personnel in the field. OurThe Company’s future success depends upon ourthe ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel (including medical, scientific, technical, commercial, business, regulatory and administrative personnel) necessary to support our anticipated growth, develop our business and perform certain contractual obligations. Given the scarcity of professionals with the scientific knowledge that we requirethe Company requires and the competition for qualified personnel among life science businesses, wethe Company may not succeed in attracting or retaining the personnel we requirerequired to continue and grow our operations. The loss of a key employee, the failure of a key employee to perform in his or her current position or ourthe Company’s inability to attract and retain skilled employees could result in ourthe inability to continue to grow ourthe Company’s business or to implement our business strategy.


The loss or transition of any member of ourthe Company’s senior management team or ourthe inability to attract and retain highly skilled scientists, clinicians, and salespeople could adversely affect ourCompany business.



OurThe Company’s success depends on the skills, experience, and performance of key members of ourthe senior management team. The individual and collective efforts of these employees will be important as we continuethe Company continues to develop our tests and services, and as we expand ourthe Company expands commercial activities. The loss or incapacity of existing members of ourthe senior management team could adversely affect our operations if we experiencethe Company experiences difficulties in hiring qualified successors.


In February 2018, Panna Sharma resigned as our chief executive officer and John A. Roberts, then our Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice President, Finance, succeeded him as our interim chief executive officer and was subsequently appointed our President and Chief Executive Officer. The complexity inherent in integrating a new key member of the senior management team with existing senior management may limit the effectiveness of any such successor or otherwise adversely affect ourthe Company’s business. Leadership transitions can be inherently difficult to manage and may cause uncertainty or a disruption to our business or may increase the likelihood of turnover of other key officers and employees. Specifically, a leadership transition in the commercial team may cause uncertainty about or a disruption to ourthe Company’s commercial organization, which may impact ourthe ability to achieve sales and revenue targets.


OurThe Company’s inability to attract, hire and retain a sufficient number of qualified sales professionals would hamper ourthe ability to increase demand for our tests,the Company’s services and to expand geographically and to successfully commercialize any other diagnostic tests or products we may develop.geographically.


OurThe Company’s success in selling our clinical laboratory services, Biopharma Services, Discovery Services diagnostic tests and any other tests or products that we are able to develop willcould require usthe Company to expand ourthe sales force in the United States and internationally by recruiting additional sales representatives with extensive experience in oncology and close relationships with medical oncologists, surgeons, pathologists and other hospital personnel, as well as pharmaceutical and biotech companies and clinical research organizations.the Company’s field. To achieve ourthe Company’s marketing and sales goals, wethe Company will need to continue to expand our sales and commercial infrastructure. Sales professionals with the necessary technical and business qualifications are in high demand, and there is a risk that wethe Company may be unable to attract, hire and retain the number of sales professionals with the right qualifications, scientific backgrounds and relationships with decision-makers at potential customers needed to achieve our sales goals. WeThe Company may face competition from other companies in ourthe industry, some of whom are much larger than usthe Company and who can pay greater compensation and benefits than wethe Company can, in seeking to attract and retain qualified sales and marketing employees. If we arethe Company is unable to hire and retain qualified sales and marketing personnel, our business will suffer.

We have indebtedness with restrictive covenants that limit our ability to obtain additional debt financing and that requires us to comply with certain financial covenants, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, our ability to fund operations, and react to changes in our business.

As of March 27, 2019, we had approximately $2.4 million of indebtedness for borrowed money under our credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank, due April 15, 2019 and $6.0 million under our term loan with Partners for Growth due on March 22, 2020. Repayments of amounts borrowed under the credit facility may be accelerated if an event of default occurs, which includes, among other things, a violation of financial covenants and negative covenants. We are currently in default with respect to certain financial covenants with such lenders, and while we have obtained amendments, waivers and most recently forbearance, the forbearance is only through April 15, 2019, and no assurances can be given that such lenders will agree to waive or amend such covenants and continue to forbear from calling our loan, which would have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue as a going concern. Further, no assurances can be given than the ABL will be extended beyond its maturity date of April 15, 2019.

The agreements restrict us from, among other things, paying cash dividends, incurring debt and entering into certain transactions without the prior consent of the lenders. Our debt and related covenants could limit our ability to satisfy our obligations, limit our ability to operate our business and impair our competitive position. For example, it could:

require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our debt, reducing the availability of our cash flow from operations to fund working capital, capital expenditures or other general corporate purposes;
limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and industry;
place us at a disadvantage compared to competitors that may have proportionately less debt; and
increase our cost of borrowing.

If ourthe Company’s laboratory facilities become damaged or inoperable, or we arethe Company is required to vacate any facility, ourthe ability to provide services and pursue our research and development efforts may be jeopardized.



WeThe Company currently derivederives substantially all of our revenues from our laboratory testingpreclinical services. We do not have any clinical reference laboratory facilities outside of our facilities in Rutherford, New Jersey, and Morrisville, North Carolina. OurThe Company’s facilities and equipment could be harmed or rendered inoperable by natural or man-made disasters, including fire, flooding and power outages, which may render it difficult or impossible for usthe Company to perform our tests or provide laboratory services for some period of time. The inability to perform our testsservices or the backlog of testsprojects that could develop if any of ourthe Company’s facilities is inoperable for even a short period of time may result in the loss of customers or harm to ourthe Company’s reputation or relationships with key researchers, collaborators, and customers, and wethe Company may be unable to regain those customers or repair ourthe
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Table of Contents
Company’s reputation in the future. Furthermore, ourthe Company’s facilities and the equipment we useused to perform our research and development work could be costly and time-consuming to repair or replace.


Additionally, a key component of our research and development process involves using biological samples and the resulting data sets and medical histories, as the basis for our diagnostic test development. In some cases, these samples are difficult to obtain. If the parts of our laboratory facilities where we store these biological samples are damaged or compromised, our ability to pursue our research and development projects, as well as our reputation, could be jeopardized. We carry insurance for damage to our property and the disruption of our business, but this insurance may not be sufficient to cover all of our potential losses and may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all.

Further, if any of our laboratories became inoperable we may not be able to license or transfer our proprietary technology to a third-party, with established state licensure and CLIA certification under the scope of which our diagnostic tests could be performed following validation and other required procedures, to perform the tests. Even if we find a third-party with such qualifications to perform our tests, such party may not be willing to perform the tests for us on commercially reasonable terms. Moreover, we believe our tests are currently subject to an exercise of enforcement discretion by the FDA because the tests currently qualify as LDTs. If we are required to find a third-party laboratory to conduct our testing services, we believe the FDA would consider such tests to be medical devices that are no longer subject to its exercise of enforcement discretion for LDTs. In that case, we may be required to obtain premarket clearance or approval prior to offering our tests, which would be time-consuming and costly and could result in delays in our ability to sell or offer our tests.

If weCompany cannot compete successfully with our competitors, wethe Company may be unable to increase or sustain our revenues or achieve and sustain profitability.


We face competition from mainstream diagnostic methods that pathologists and oncologists use and have used for many years. It may be difficult to change the methods or behavior of the referring pathologists and oncologists to incorporate our molecular diagnostic testing in their practices. We believe that we can introduce our diagnostic tests successfully due to their clinical utility and the desire of pathologists and oncologists to find solutions for more accurate diagnosis, prognosis and personalized treatment options for cancer patients.

We also face competition from companies that currently offer or are developing products to profile genes, gene expression or protein biomarkers in various cancers. Precision medicine is a new area of science, and we cannot predict what tests others will develop that may compete with or provide results superior to the results we are able to achieve with the tests we develop. Our competitors include public companies such as Abbott Laboratories, Inc., bioTheranostics, Inc., Foundation Medicine, Inc., Genomic Health, Inc., Invitae Corp., Johnson & Johnson, Myriad Genetics Inc., Nant Health, NeoGenomics, Inc., Quest Diagnostics, Interpace Diagnostics, BioCept, Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., and many private companies. We expect that pharmaceutical and biotech companies will increasingly focus attention and resources on the personalized diagnostic sector as the potential and prevalence increases for molecularly targeted oncology therapies approved by FDA along with companion diagnostics.

With respect to our clinical laboratory business we face competition from companies such as Bio-Reference Laboratories, Inc. (a division of Opko), Invitae Corp., LabCorp, NeoGenomics, Inc., Quest Diagnostics, BioCept and Interpace Diagnostics. With respect to our Discovery Services, including our CRO services, we faceThe Company faces competition from companies that offer or are developing animal models for tumors and that have capabilities in toxicology and pharmacology testing. OurThe competitors in ourthe Company’s Discovery Services business include Covance, Champions Oncology, Crown BioScience (recently acquired by JSR Life Sciences), Eurofins Scientific, Charles River, Jackson Labs and Explora Biolabs.


Many of our presentThe Company’s competitors may succeed in selling their products to pharmaceutical and potential competitors have widespread brand recognitionbiotech customers more effectively than the Company sells products. In addition, academic institutions, hospitals, governmental agencies, and substantially greater financialother public and technical resourcesprivate research organizations also may conduct similar research, seek patent protection, and development, production and marketing capabilities than we do. Others may develop lower-priced, less complex testsand commercially introduce competing products or technologies on their own or through joint ventures. If one or more of the Company’s competitors succeeds in developing similar technologies and products that payors, pathologists and oncologists could view as functionally equivalent to our tests, which could force us to lowerare more effective or successful than any of those that the list priceCompany currently sells or will develop, results of our tests and impact our operating margins and our ability to achieve profitability. In addition, technological innovations that result in the creation of enhanced diagnostic tools may enable other clinical laboratories, hospitals, physicians or medical providers to provide specialized diagnostic services similar to ours in a more patient-friendly,operations will be significantly adversely affected.

efficient or cost-effective manner than is currently possible. If we cannot compete successfully against current or future competitors, we may be unable to increase market acceptance and sales of our tests, which could prevent us from increasing or sustaining our revenues or achieving or sustaining profitability.


A small number of test ordering sitescustomers account for most of the sales of our tests andthe Company’s services. If any of these sites orderscustomers require fewer testsservices from usthe Company for any reason, our revenues could decline.


Due to the early stageearly-stage nature of ourthe Company’s business and ourthe limited sales and marketing activities to date, we havethe Company has historically derived a significant portion of our revenue from a limited number of test ordering sites,customers, although the test ordering sitescustomers that generate a significant portion of ourCompany revenue may change from period to period. Our test ordering sitesThe Company’s customers are largely hospitals, cancer centers, reference laboratories and physician offices, as well as pharmaceutical and biotech companies as part of a clinical trial. Oncologists and pathologists at these sites orderDuring the tests on behalftwelve months ended December 31, 2020, four customers accounted for approximately 61% of the needs of their oncology patients or as part of a clinical trial sponsored by a pharmaceutical and biotech company in which the patient is being enrolled.Company’s consolidated revenue from continuing operations. During the year ended December 31, 2018, no Biopharma client accounted for more than 10% of our revenue. During the year ended December 31, 2017 one Biopharma client2019, three customers accounted for approximately 11%61% of our revenue.the Company’s consolidated revenue from continuing operations. As a healthcare provider, the Company is still providing Discovery Services and has yet to experience a slowdown in its project work; however, the future of many projects may be delayed. The Company continues to vigilantly monitor the situation with its primary focus on the health and safety of its employees and clients.


If we fail to perform our Biopharma Services in accordance with contractual and regulatory requirements, and ethical considerations, we could be subject to significant costs or liability.

Through our Biopharma Services offering, we contract with pharmaceutical and biotech companies to perform a wide range of services to assist them in bringing new therapeutics to market. Our services include monitoring clinical trials, data and laboratory analysis, clinical trial design consulting, data capture and other related services. Such services are complex and subject to contractual requirements, regulatory standards and ethical considerations. If we fail to perform our services in accordance with these requirements, regulatory authorities may take action against us or our customers. Such actions may include failure of such regulatory authority to grant marketing approval of our customers’ products, imposition of holds or delays, suspension or withdrawal of approvals, rejection of data collected, laboratory license revocation, product recalls, operational restrictions, civil or criminal penalties or prosecutions, damages or fines. Any such action could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We expect to continue to incur significant expenses to develop and market our diagnostic tests, which could make it difficult for us to achieve and sustain profitability.

In recent years, we have incurred significant costs in connection with the development of our diagnostic tests. For the year ended December 31, 2018, our research and development expenses were $2.5 million, which was 9% of our revenue and our sales and marketing expenses were $5.3 million, which was 19% of revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2017, our research and development expenses were $4.8 million, which was 16% of our net revenue and our sales and marketing expenses were $5.0 million, which was 17% of revenue. We expect our research and development expenses to continue to decrease, in absolute dollars, for the foreseeable future as we focus our business strategy on expanding our biopharma business.  This change in focus however, does not change our need to validate the clinical utility of our diagnostic tests to obtain adoption or to secure reimbursement for our diagnostic tests from third party payers. We continue to require generating significant revenues in order to achieve sustained profitability.

We depend on certain third parties for the supply of certain tissue samples and biological materials that we use in our research and development services and efforts. If the costs of such collaborations increase or the third parties terminate their relationships with us, our business may be materially harmed.

Under standard clinical practice in the United States, tumor biopsies removed from patients are chemically preserved, embedded in paraffin wax and stored. Our clinical development relies on our ability to access these archived tumor biopsy samples, as well as information pertaining to their associated clinical outcomes. Other companies often compete with us for access. Additionally, the process of negotiating access to archived samples is lengthy, because it typically involves numerous parties and approvals to resolve complex issues such as usage rights, institutional review board approval, privacy rights, publication rights, intellectual property ownership and research parameters.

We have collaboration arrangements with Mayo Clinic, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, the National Cancer Institute, and other institutions who provide us with tissue samples and other biological materials that we use in developing and validating our tests. We do not have any written arrangement with certain third parties, and in many of the cases in which the arrangements are in writing, our relationships are terminable on 30 days’ notice or less. If one or more third parties terminate their relationship with us, we will need to identify other third parties to supply us with tissue samples and biological materials, which could result in a delay in our research and development activities and negatively affect our business.

We currently rely on a limited number of suppliers for the reagents and chemistry related to our NGS panels. Any problems, such as disruption of the supply chain or lack of visibility, experienced by these suppliers could result in a delay or interruption in the supply of our NGS panels to us until the problem is cured or until we locate and qualify an alternative source of supply.

The design of our NGS panels is currently optimized using certain reagents and chemistry, which we have incorporated into our processes, equipment and protocols. We currently purchase these components from a limited number of suppliers. If one or more of these suppliers were to delay or stop producing the required reagents, or if the prices charged us were to increase significantly, we would need to identify another supplier and optimize our NGS panels using new reagents. We could experience delays in performing the NGS panels while finding other acceptable suppliers, which could impact our results of operations.

If we were sued for product liability or professional liability, we could face substantial liabilities that exceed our resources.

The marketing, sale and use of our tests could lead to the filing of product liability claims were someone to allege that our tests failed to perform as designed. We may also be subject to liability for errors in the test results we provide to pathologists and oncologists or for a misunderstanding of, or inappropriate reliance upon, the information we provide. A product liability or professional liability claim could result in substantial damages and be costly and time-consuming for us to defend.

Although we believe that our existing product and professional liability insurance is adequate, our insurance may not fully protect us from the financial impact of defending against product liability or professional liability claims. Any product liability or professional liability claim brought against us, with or without merit, could increase our insurance rates or prevent us from securing insurance coverage in the future. Additionally, any product liability lawsuit could damage our reputation, result in the recall of our tests, or cause current clinical partners to terminate existing agreements and potential clinical partners to seek other partners, any of which could impact our results of operations.

If we useCompany uses biological and hazardous materials in a manner that causes injury, wethe Company could be liable for damages.


OurThe Company’s activities currently require the controlled use of potentially harmful biological materials and hazardous materials and chemicals. WeThe Company cannot eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury to employees or third parties from the use, storage, handling or disposal of these materials. In the event of contamination or injury, wethe Company could be held liable for any resulting damages, and any liability could exceed ourthe Company’s resources or any applicable insurance coverage wethe Company may have. Additionally, we arethe Company is subject to, on an ongoing basis, federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, storage, handling and disposal of these materials and specified waste products. The cost of compliance with these laws and regulations may become significant and could have a material adverse effect on ourthe financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In the event of an accident or if wethe Company otherwise failfails to comply with applicable regulations, wethe Company could lose our permits or approvals or be held liable for damages or penalized with fines.


OurThe Company’s Discovery Services customers face intense competition from lower cost generic products, which may lower the amount that they spend on ourthe Company’s services.


OurThe Company’s Discovery Services customers face increasing competition from lower cost generic products, which in turn may affect their ability to pursue research and development activities with us.the Company. In the United States, EU and Japan, political pressure to reduce spending on prescription drugs has led to legislation and other measures which encourages the use of generic products. In addition, proposals emerge from time to time in the United States and other countries for legislation to further encourage the early and rapid approval of generic drugs. Loss of patent protection for a product typically is followed promptly by generic substitutes, reducing our customers’ sales of that product and their overall profitability. Availability of generic substitutes for ourthe Company’s customers’ drugs may adversely affect their results of operations and cash flow, which in turn may mean that they would not have surplus capital to invest in research and development and drug commercialization, including in ourthe Company’s services. If competition from generic products impacts our customers’ finances such that they decide to curtail ourthe Company’s services, our revenues may decline and this could have a material adverse effect on ourthe Company’s business.


If we cannot support demand for our tests, including successfully managing the evolution
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Table of our technology and manufacturing platforms, our business could suffer.Contents

As our test volume grows, we will need to increase our testing capacity, implement increases in scale and related processing, customer service, billing, collection and systems process improvements and expand our internal quality assurance program and technology to support testingThe Company depends on a larger scale. We will also need additional certified laboratory scientists and other scientific

and technical personnel to process these additional tests. Any increases in scale, related improvements and quality assurance may not be successfully implemented and appropriate personnel may not be available. As additional tests are commercialized, we will need to bring new equipment on line, implement new systems, technology, controls and procedures and hire personnel with different qualifications. Failure to implement necessary procedures or to hire the necessary personnel could result in a higher cost of processing or an inability to meet market demand. We cannot assure you that we will be able to perform tests on a timely basis at a level consistent with demand, that our efforts to scale our commercial operations will not negatively affect the quality of our test results or that we will respond successfully to the growing complexity of our testing operations. If we encounter difficulty meeting market demand or quality standards for our tests, our reputation could be harmed and our future prospects and business could suffer, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We depend on our information technology and telecommunications systems, and any failure of these systems could harm ourthe Company’s business.


We dependThe Company depends on information technology and telecommunications systems for significant aspects of our operations. In addition, our third-party billing and collections provider depends upon telecommunications and data systems provided by outside vendors and information we provide on a regular basis. These information technology and telecommunications systems support a variety of functions, including test processing, sample tracking, quality control, customer service and support, billing, and reimbursement, research and development activities and our general and administrative activities. Information technology and telecommunications systems are vulnerable to damage from a variety of sources, including telecommunications or network failures, malicious human acts and natural disasters. Moreover, despite network security and back-up measures, some of ourthe Company’s servers are potentially vulnerable to physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses and similar disruptive problems. Despite the precautionary measures we have taken to prevent unanticipated problems that could affect our information technology and telecommunications systems, failures or significant downtime of our information technology or telecommunications systems or those used by our third-party service providers could prevent us from processing tests, providing test results to pathologists, oncologists, billing payors, processing reimbursement appeals, handling patient or physician inquiries, conducting research and development activities and managing the administrative aspects of our business. Any disruption or loss of information technology or telecommunications systems on which critical aspects of ourthe Company’s operations depend could have an adverse effect on our business.

Security breaches, loss of data, and other disruptions could compromise sensitive information related to our business or prevent us from accessing critical information and expose us to fines, penalties, liability, and adverse effects to our business and our reputation.

In the ordinary course of our business, we and our third-party billing and collections provider collect and store sensitive data, including legally Protected Health Information (as that term is defined at 45 C.F.R. §160.103), personally identifiable information, intellectual property, and proprietary business information owned or controlled by ourselves or our customers, payors, and pharmaceutical and biotech partners. The secure processing, storage, maintenance, and transmission of this critical information is vital to our operations and business strategy, and we devote significant resources to protecting such information. Although we take measures to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access or disclosure, our information technology and infrastructure, and that of our third-party billing and collections provider, may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or viruses or breached due to employee error, malfeasance, or other disruptions. Any such breach or interruption could compromise our networks, and the information stored there could be accessed by unauthorized parties, publicly disclosed, lost, or stolen. Any such improper access or disclosure, or loss of information could require us to provide notice to the affected individuals, the press, and regulatory bodies, result in legal claims or proceedings, liability, fines and penalties under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”), the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH Act”), their implementing regulations, and similar state laws. Unauthorized access, loss, or dissemination could also disrupt our operations, including our ability to conduct our analyses, provide test results, bill payors or patients, process claims and appeals, provide customer assistance services, conduct research and development activities, collect, process, and prepare company financial information, provide information about our products and other patient and physician education and outreach efforts through our website, manage the administrative aspects of our business, and damage our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our business.


The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office for Civil Rights (“OCR”) may impose penalties on a covered entity, such as us, for a failure to comply with a requirement of HIPAA. Penalties will vary significantly depending on factors such as the date of the violation, whether the covered entity knew or should have known of the failure to comply, or whether the covered entity’s failure to comply was due to willful neglect. As of October 2018, these penalties include civil monetary penalties of $155 to $57,051per violation, up to an annual, per violation cap of $1,711,533. A single breach incident can result

in violations of multiple standards, resulting in possible penalties potentially in excess of $1,711,533. A person who knowingly obtains or discloses individually identifiable health information in violation of HIPAA may face a criminal penalty of up to $50,000 and up to one year imprisonment. The criminal penalties increase to $100,000 and up to five years imprisonment if the wrongful conduct involves false pretenses, and to $250,000 and up to 10 years imprisonment if the wrongful conduct involves the intent to sell, transfer, or use identifiable health information for commercial advantage, personal gain, or malicious harm. The U.S. Department of Justice is responsible for criminal prosecutions under HIPAA.

HIPAA authorizes state attorneys general to file suit under HIPAA on behalf of state residents. Courts can award damages, costs and attorneys’ fees related to violations of HIPAA in such cases. While HIPAA does not create a private right of action allowing individuals to sue us in civil court for HIPAA violations, its standards have been used as the basis for a duty of care in state civil suits such as those for negligence or recklessness in the misuse or breach of Protected Health Information.

In addition, HIPAA mandates that the Secretary of HHS conduct periodic compliance audits of HIPAA covered entities for compliance with the HIPAA privacy and security regulations. It also tasks HHS with establishing a methodology whereby harmed individuals who were the victims of breaches of unsecured Protected Health Information may receive a percentage of the Civil Monetary Penalty fine paid by the violator.
HIPAA further requires covered entities to notify affected individuals “without unreasonable delay and in no case later than 60 calendar days after discovery of the breach” if their unsecured Protected Health Information is subject to an unauthorized access, use or disclosure. If a breach affects 500 patients or more, it must be reported to HHS and local media without unreasonable delay, and HHS will post the name of the breaching entity on its public website. If a breach affects fewer than 500 individuals, the covered entity must log it and notify HHS at least annually.

In addition, the interpretation and application of consumer, health-related, and data protection laws in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere are often uncertain, contradictory, and in flux. California recently passed the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), which will become effective on January 1, 2020. We may need to alter our security and privacy practices in order to comply with CCPA, but we have not yet fully evaluated CCPA’s impact on our business. It is possible that this law, and other laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our practices. If so, this could result in government-imposed fines or orders requiring that we change our practices, which could adversely affect our business. In addition, these privacy regulations may differ from state to state and country to country, and may vary based on whether testing is performed in the United States or in the local country. Complying with these various laws could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices and compliance procedures in a manner adverse to our business.

The collection and use of personal data in the European Union is governed by the General Data Protection Regulation (“GRPR”) which became effective on May 25, 2018. The GDPR applies to any business, regardless of its location, that provides goods or services to residents in the EU. This expansion may incorporate our future clinical trial activities in EU members states. The GDPR imposes strict requirements on controllers and processors of personal data, including special protections for “sensitive information” which includes health and genetic information of data subjects residing in the EU. GDPR grants individuals the opportunity to object to the processing of their personal information, allows them to request deletion of personal information in certain circumstances, and provides the individual with an express right to seek legal remedies in the event the individual believes his or her rights have been violated. Further, the GDPR imposes strict rules on the transfer of personal data out of the European Union to the United States or other regions that have not been deemed to offer “adequate” privacy protections.
Our research activities in the EU are currently limited to non-human preclinical studies, and as such, we do not collect, store, maintain, process, or transmit any Personal Data (as that term is defined under the GDPR) of trial subjects. However, since we currently have three employees located in the EU, our processing and transfer for employee Personal Data is subject to GDPR requirements. We have implemented a privacy and security program that is designed to adhere to the requirements of the GDPR in order to protect employee Personal Data, and in the event we progress to research or clinical trials involving humans, to protect participant Personal Data. However, there is significant uncertainty related to the manner in which data protection authorities will seek to enforce compliance with GDPR. For example, it is not clear if the authorities will conduct random audits of companies doing business in the EU, or if the authorities will wait for complaints to be filed by individuals who claim their rights have been violated. Enforcement uncertainty and the costs associated with ensuring GDPR compliance be onerous and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. As a result, we cannot predict the impact of the GDPR regulations on our current or future business, either in the US or the EU. However, failure to comply with the requirements of the GDPR (when applicable to our business) and the related national data protection laws of the European Union Member States, which may deviate slightly from the GDPR, may result in fines of up to 4% of global revenues, or € 20,000,000, whichever is greater. As a result of the implementation of the GDPR, we may be required to put in place additional mechanisms ensuring compliance with the new data protection rules.


OurCompany’s results of operations may be adversely affected if we failthe Company fails to realize the full value of our goodwill and intangible assets.


We assessThe Company assesses the realizable condition of our indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill annually and conductconducts an interim evaluation whenever events or changes in circumstances, such as operating losses or a significant decline in earnings associated with the acquired business or asset, indicate that these assets may be impaired. OurThe Company’s ability to realize the value of the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets will depend on the future cash flows of the businesses we havethe Company has acquired, which in turn depend in part on how well we havethe Company has integrated these businesses into ourthe Company’s own business. If we arethe Company is not able to realize the value of the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, wethe Company may be required to incur material charges relating to the impairment of those assets. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized goodwill impairment of $2.9 million after considering the effects of the Business Disposals and declines in stock price. Such impairment charges could materially and adversely affect ourthe Company’s operating results and financial condition.


Regulatory Risks Relating to Our Business

Changes in health care law, regulations and policy may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In the United States and some foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory changes and proposed changes regarding the healthcare system that could prevent or delay marketing clearance or approval of our clinical laboratory services and NGS products, restrict or regulate commercial activities and affect our ability to profitably sell any products for which we obtain marketing clearance or approval. We expect that current laws, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorous coverage criteria and in additional downward pressure on the price that we, or our third party collaborators, suppliers or customers may receive for any approved products.

In March 2010, U.S. President Barack Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (collectively, “PPACA”), which made a number of substantial changes in the way health care is financed by both governmental and private insurers. Among other things, the PPACA required each medical device manufacturer to pay a sales tax equal to 2.3% of the price for which such manufacturer sells its medical devices, beginning in 2013. This tax may apply to some or all of our current products and products which are in development.

Since the implementation of the PPACA, legislative and regulatory changes have been proposed and adopted, including aggregate reductions to Medicare Part B payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year, which became effective on April 1, 2013 and will remain in effect through 2027 unless additional congressional action is taken. The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. At the state level, legislatures are increasingly passing legislation and implementing regulations designed to control product pricing, including price or patient reimbursement constraints, discounts, restrictions on certain product access and marketing cost disclosure and transparency measures. The full impact of these laws, as well as other new laws and reform measures that may be proposed and adopted in the future remains uncertain, but may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other health care funding, or higher production costs which could have a material adverse effect on our customers and, accordingly, our financial operations.

Members of the U.S. Congress and the Trump administration have expressed an intent to pass legislation or adopt executive orders to fundamentally change or repeal parts of the Affordable Care Act or to seek its invalidation through judicial action. While Congress has not passed repeal legislation to date, the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act includes a provision repealing the individual insurance coverage mandate included in the Affordable Care Act, effective January 1, 2019. On January 20, 2017, President Trump signed an Executive Order directing federal agencies with authorities and responsibilities under the ACA to waive, defer, grant exemptions from, or delay the implementation of any provision of the ACA that would impose a fiscal burden on states or a cost, fee, tax, penalty or regulatory burden on individuals, healthcare providers, health insurers, or manufacturers of pharmaceuticals or medical devices. On October 13, 2017, President Trump signed an Executive Order terminating the cost-sharing subsidies that reimburse insurers under the Affordable Care Act. Several state Attorneys General filed suit to stop the administration from terminating the subsidies, but their request for a restraining order was denied by a federal judge in California on October 25, 2017. Further, on June 14, 2018, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ruled that the federal government was not required to pay more than $12 billion in ACA risk corridor payments to third-party payors who argued were owed to them. The effects of this gap in reimbursement on third-party payors, the viability of the ACA marketplace, providers, and our business, are not yet known. In addition, CMS has recently proposed regulations that would give states greater flexibility in setting benchmarks for insurers in the individual and small group marketplaces, which may have the effect of relaxing the essential health benefits required under the ACA for plans sold through such marketplaces.

Legislative and regulatory proposals may also impact our regulatory and commercial prospects, expand marketing requirements, and restrict sales and promotional activities. We cannot be sure whether additional legislative changes will be enacted, or whether regulations, guidance or interpretations will be changed, or what the impact of such changes on the

marketing clearance or approval of our product candidates, if any, may be. For instance, the President also signed an Executive Order directing federal agencies to waive, defer, grant exemptions from or delay the implementation of provisions of the ACA that would impose a fiscal or regulatory burden on states, individuals, health care providers, health insurers, and manufacturers of drugs and devices, among others, and Congress may again attempt to repeal and possibly replace parts of the ACA. We do not know whether the ACA reform efforts will be successful or what they will ultimately look like. Accordingly, at this time it is difficult to determine the full impact of these efforts on our business. In addition, increased scrutiny by the U.S. Congress of the FDA’s clearance or approval process may significantly delay or prevent marketing clearance or approval, as well as subject us to more stringent product labeling and post-marketing testing and other requirements. Compliance with new requirements may increase our operational expenses and impose significant administrative burdens. As a result of these and other new proposals, we may need to change our current manner of operation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We expect federal and state healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorous coverage criteria, increased regulatory burdens and operating costs, decreased net revenue from our testing products and clinical services, decreased potential returns from our development efforts, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any product for which we may we may gain clearance or approval. Any reduction in reimbursement from Medicare or other government healthcare programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of cost containment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our testing products.

Further, in April 2014, Congress passed the Protecting Access to Medicare Act (PAMA) overhauling the Medicare Part B Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule (CLFS). CLFS is the nationally set reimbursement rate for clinical diagnostic tests established by Section 1833(h) of the Social Security Act. In the first massive overhaul of the CLFS since it was established in 1984, PAMA mandates the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) to update the CLFS to reflect true market rates. Under PAMA and its implementing regulations, certain laboratories are required to report the amount that they are paid by third party payors for each test beginning in January 2017. CMS will use this data to calculate a weighted median for each test. For any rates that are reduced, a phase-in of the reduction will occur through 2022. Between calendar years 2018-2020 the reduction for any given test cannot exceed 10% per year, and between calendar years 2021-2022, the reduction cannot be greater than 15% per year. This data reporting process will be repeated every three years for most tests, although laboratories offering Advanced Diagnostic Laboratory Tests (ADLTs) will have to report private payor data on those tests annually. It is possible that some of our tests may qualify as Advanced Diagnostic Laboratory Tests, which will require us to submit pricing annually for those tests. In addition, under PAMA, we also may be required to obtain new unique codes from CMS or any entity it designates, for our tests that do not currently have unique codes. If PAMA results in a significant reduction in the prices for our tests, it could have a significant impact on our revenues and it is not known at this time how the implementation of PAMA will affect our reimbursement. We are currently working with CMS to negotiate an increased CFLS rate for our FDA-cleared test, and are exploring additional reimbursement arrangements with third-party payors.

Certain of our laboratory services are paid under the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule and, under the current statutory formula, the rates for these services are updated annually. For the past several years, the application of the statutory formula would have resulted in substantial payment reductions if Congress failed to intervene. In the past, Congress passed interim legislation to prevent the decreases. On April 16, 2015, President Obama signed the Medicare and CHIP Reauthorization Act (“MACRA”), which had previously been passed by both houses of Congress. MACRA repealed the provisions related to the Medicare Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) formula and implements a new physician payment system that is designed to reward the quality of care (“Quality Payment Program”). In addition, it extended the current Medicare Physician Fee Schedule rates through June 2015, and then increases them by 0.5% for the remainder of 2015. Beginning on January 1, 2016, the rates will increase annually by 0.5%, through 2019. For 2020 through 2025, payments will be frozen, although payment will be adjusted to account for performance on certain quality metrics under the Merit-Based Incentive Payment Systems (“MIPS”) or to reflect physician participation in alternative payment models (“APMs”). For 2026 and subsequent years, qualified APM participants receive an annual 0.75% update on Medicare physician payment rates, while those not participating receive a 0.25% annual payment update, plus any applicable MIPS-based payment adjustments. At this time, it is too early to determine how these changes may impact our business beyond 2015. It is unclear what impact, if any, MACRA will have on our business and operating results, but any resulting decrease in payment may result in reduced demand for our services, which could adversely impact our revenues and results of operations. CMS releases its Final Physician Fee Schedule Rule annually. The Schedule changes on a year-to-year basis, and it is difficult to predict what rates our services and tests will receive. For example, the Final Fee Schedule Rule for 2017 reduced payments for flow cytometry by approximately 19% from the 2016 rate, and increases the professional component of the immunohistochemistry by approximately 9% over the 2016 rate. In 2018, there was another reduction in rates for flow cytometry codes 88185-TC and 88189-26, with the technical side cut by 23.1% to $30.60 and the professional interpretation cut by 4.1% to $88.92. Rates for the professional component of immunohistochemistry increased again but only slightly (0.3%) to $29.87 up from $29.79 in 2017.


On July 12, 2018, CMS issued a proposed rule that includes proposals to update payment policies, payment rates, and quality provisions for services furnished under the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule (PFS) on or after January 1, 2019. CMS has proposed a change to the way Medicare Advantage payments are treated in the definition of “applicable laboratory.” If CMS were to finalize the proposed change, additional laboratories of all types serving a significant population of beneficiaries enrolled in Medicare Part C could meet the majority of Medicare revenues threshold and potentially qualify as an applicable laboratory and report data to CMS. It is not clear at this time what affect this change to the definition of “applicable laboratory” would have, if any, on our reporting obligations or reimbursement.

In addition, many of the Current Procedure Terminology (“CPT”) procedure codes that we use to bill our tests were revised by the AMA, effective January 1, 2013. In the Final Physician Fee Schedule Rule for 2013, CMS announced that it has decided to keep the new molecular codes on the CLFS, rather than move them to the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule as some stakeholders had urged. CMS also announced that for 2013 it would price the new codes using a “gapfilling” process by which it will refer the codes to the Medicare contractors to allow them to determine an appropriate price. Those prices were determined and became effective January 1, 2014. In addition, CMS also stated that it would not recognize certain of the new codes for Multi-Analyte Assays with Algorithmic Assays (“MAAAs”) because it does not believe they qualify as clinical laboratory tests. However, more recently, it has determined that the individual contractors may determine whether to pay for MAAA tests on a case by case basis. On September 25, 2015, CMS released its Preliminary Determinations for new CPT codes effective in 2016, including several new MAAA CPT codes. CMS had proposed “crosswalking” these codes to an unrelated test, resulting in a significant cut in their reimbursement. However, on November 17, 2015, CMS reversed its policy and directed that the tests be gap-filled by the local contracts until 2018. For a new CDLT that is assigned a new or substantially revised HCPCS code on or after January 1, 2018, CMS determines the payment amount based on crosswalking if it is determined that a new CDLT is comparable to an existing test, multiple existing test codes, or a portion of an existing test code, or uses gap-filling if no comparable existing CDLT is available. It is expected that when PAMA is fully implemented, many of the MAAA codes could qualify to be reimbursed as Advanced Diagnostic Laboratory Tests (“ADLTs”), although it is unclear whether laboratories offering such tests voluntarily will apply for the ADLT designation for those tests. There can be no guarantees that Medicare and other payors will establish positive or adequate coverage policies or reimbursement rates.

We cannot predict whether future health care initiatives will be implemented at the federal or state level, or how any future legislation or regulation may affect us. The taxes imposed by the new federal legislation and the expansion of government’s role in the U.S. health care industry as well as changes to the reimbursement amounts paid by payors for our products or our medical procedure volumes may reduce our profits and have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Moreover, Congress has proposed on several occasions to impose a 20% coinsurance on patients for clinical laboratory tests reimbursed under the CLFS, which would require us to bill patients for these amounts. Because of the relatively low reimbursement for many clinical laboratory tests, in the event that Congress were to ever enact such legislation, the cost of billing and collecting for these services would often exceed the amount actually received from the patient and effectively increase our costs of billing and collecting.

We depend on Medicare and a limited number of private payors for a significant portion of our revenues and if these or other payors do not provide or stop providing reimbursement or decrease the amount of reimbursement for our tests, our revenues could decline.

In 2018, we derived approximately 19% of our total revenue from other third party payors, including managed care organizations and other health care insurance providers and 8% from Medicare. Medicare and other third-party payors may withdraw their coverage policies or cancel their contracts with us at any time, review and adjust the rate of reimbursement or stop paying for our tests altogether, which would reduce our total revenues.

Payors have increased their efforts to control the cost, utilization and delivery of health care services. In the past, measures have been undertaken to reduce payment rates for and decrease utilization of the clinical laboratory industry generally. Because of the cost-trimming trends, third-party payors that currently cover and provide reimbursement for our tests may suspend, revoke or discontinue coverage at any time, or may reduce the reimbursement rates payable to us. Any such action could have a negative impact on our revenues, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In addition, we are currently considered a “non-contracting provider” by a number of private third-party payors because we have not entered into a specific contract to provide our specialized diagnostic services to their insured patients at specified rates of reimbursement. If we were to become a contracting provider in the future, the amount of overall reimbursement we receive is likely to decrease because we will be reimbursed less money per test performed at a contracted rate than at a non-contracted rate, which could have a negative impact on our revenues. Further, we typically are unable to collect payments from patients beyond that which is paid by their insurance and will continue to experience lost revenue as a result.

Because of certain Medicare billing rules, we may not receive reimbursement for all tests provided to Medicare patients.

Under current Medicare billing rules, claims for our tests performed on Medicare beneficiaries who were hospital inpatients when the tumor tissue samples were obtained and whose tests were ordered less than 14 days from discharge must be incorporated in the payment that the hospital receives for the inpatient services provided. Accordingly, we must bill individual hospitals for tests performed on Medicare beneficiaries during these timeframes in order to receive payment for our tests. Because we generally do not have a written agreement in place with these hospitals that purchase these tests, we may not be paid for our tests or may have to pursue payment from the hospital on a case-by-case basis. In addition, until 2012, we were permitted to bill globally for certain anatomic pathology services we furnished to certain hospitals, i.e. we billed both the technical component and the professional component to Medicare. As part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012, Congress terminated the special provision for “grandfathered” hospitals as of July 1, 2012. Therefore, as of that date we were required to bill all hospitals for the technical component of all anatomic pathology services we furnish to their patients, which may be difficult and/or costly for us.

Further, the Medicare Administrative Contractors who process claims for Medicare also can impose their own rules related to coverage and payment for laboratory services provided in their jurisdiction. In 2013, Palmetto GBA, the Medicare Administrative Contractor for North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia, announced a comprehensive new billing policy and a coverage policy applicable to molecular diagnostic tests, such as ours. Under coverage policy, Palmetto will deny payment for molecular diagnostic tests, unless it has issued a positive coverage determination for the test. Other Medicare contractors are also adopting policies similar to Palmetto’s. If any of our tests are subject to the Palmetto policy and/or the Palmetto policy is adopted by other contractors that process claims with hospitals or laboratories that purchase and bill for our tests, our business could be adversely impacted.

Complying with numerous regulations pertaining to our business is an expensive and time-consuming process, and any failure to comply could result in substantial penalties.

We are subject to CLIA, a federal law regulating clinical laboratories that perform testing on specimens derived from humans for the purpose of providing information for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of disease. Our clinical laboratory must be certified under CLIA in order for us to perform testing on human specimens. In addition, our proprietary tests must also be recognized as part of our accredited programs under CLIA so that we can offer them in our laboratory. CLIA is intended to ensure the quality and reliability of clinical laboratories in the United States by mandating specific standards in the areas of personnel qualifications, administration, and participation in proficiency testing, patient test management, quality control, quality assurance and inspections. We have a current certificate under CLIA to perform high complexity testing and our laboratory is accredited by CAP, one of six CLIA-approved accreditation organizations. To renew this certificate, we are subject to survey and inspection every two years. Moreover, CLIA inspectors may make periodic inspections of our clinical reference laboratory outside of the renewal process.

The law also requires us to maintain a state laboratory license to conduct testing in that state. Our laboratory is located in New Jersey and must have a New Jersey state license; as we expand our geographic focus, we may need to obtain laboratory licenses from additional states. New Jersey laws establish standards for day-to-day operation of our clinical reference laboratory, including the training and skills required of personnel and quality control. In addition, several other states require that we hold licenses to test specimens from patients in those states. For example, California is just one of several states that require out-of-state laboratories to have a state laboratory license to perform diagnostic tests on samples originating from California residents. Other states may have similar requirements or may adopt similar requirements in the future. Additionally, both New York and Washington State are exempt from CLIA and have their own stricter clinical laboratory regulatory programs. We could be required to comply with those states’ programs in the event we accept specimens from New York or Washington. Finally, we may be subject to regulation in foreign jurisdictions as we seek to expand international distribution of our tests.

If we were to lose our CLIA certification, CAP accreditation or New Jersey laboratory license, whether as a result of a revocation, suspension or limitation, we would no longer be able to offer our tests, which would limit our revenues and harm our business. If we were to lose our license in other states where we are required to hold licenses, we would not be able to test specimens from those states. If we perform testing on samples originating in a state where we require a license, but do not currently have one, we could be subject to fines, sanctions, and may be denied permits or licenses in the future.

If the FDA were to begin requiring approval or clearance of our tests, we could incur substantial costs and time delays associated with meeting requirements for premarket clearance or approval or we could experience decreased demand for, or reimbursement of, our tests.


Although FDA maintains that it has authority to regulate the development and use of LDTs, such as ours, as medical devices, it has not exercised its authority with respect to most LDTs as a matter of enforcement discretion. FDA does not generally extend its enforcement discretion to reagents or software provided by third parties and used to perform LDTs, and therefore these products must typically comply with FDA medical device regulations, which are wide-ranging and govern, among other things: product design and development, product testing, product labeling, product storage, premarket clearance or approval, advertising and promotion and product sales and distribution.

We believe that our proprietary tests, as utilized in our laboratory testing, are LDTs. As a result, we believe that pursuant to FDA’s current policies and guidance that FDA does not require that we obtain regulatory clearances or approvals for our LDTs. The container we provide for collection and transport of tumor samples from a pathology laboratory to our clinical reference laboratory may be a medical device subject to FDA’s enforcement of its medical device regulations but we believe it is currently exempt from premarket review by FDA. However, our LDTs may be subject to approval by the New York State Clinical Lab Evaluation Program (“CLEP”). New York state’s clinical laboratory regulatory program is exempt from CLIA, and maintains its own policies and procedures for evaluating and approving commercial LDTs for use in New York or on individuals residing in New York. New York LDT approval can be lengthy processes, which could delay our ability to market our tests to doctors and patients in this state. While we believe that we are currently in material compliance with applicable laws and regulations, we cannot assure you that FDA or other regulatory agencies would agree with our determination, and a determination that we have violated these laws, or a public announcement that we are being investigated for possible violations of these laws, could adversely affect our business, prospects, results of operations or financial condition.

Moreover, FDA guidance and policy pertaining to diagnostic testing is continuing to evolve and is subject to ongoing review and revision. A significant change in any of the laws, regulations or policies may require us to change our business model in order to maintain regulatory compliance. At various times since 2006, FDA has issued guidance documents or announced draft guidance regarding initiatives that may require varying levels of FDA oversight of our tests. For example, in June 2010, FDA announced a public meeting to discuss the agency’s oversight of LDTs prompted by the increased complexity of LDTs and their increasingly important role in clinical decision-making and disease management, particularly in the context of personalized medicine. FDA indicated that it was considering a risk-based application of oversight to LDTs and that, following public input and discussion, it might issue separate draft guidance on the regulation of LDTs, which ultimately could require that we seek and obtain, generally, either premarket clearance or approval of LDTs, depending upon the risk-based approach FDA adopts. The public meeting was held in July 2010 and further public comments were submitted to FDA through September 2010. Section 1143 of the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act, signed by the U.S. President on July 9, 2012, required FDA to notify U.S. Congress at least 60 days prior to issuing a draft or final guidance regulating LDTs and provide details of the anticipated action.

On July 31, 2014, FDA notified Congress pursuant to the FDASIA that it intended to issue draft Guidances that would modify its policy of enforcement discretion with respect to LDTs and begin to enforce the applicable medical device regulations with respect to such products and tests. On October 3, 2014, the FDA issued two separate draft guidances: “Framework for Regulatory Oversight of Laboratory Developed Tests (LDTs)” (“The Framework Draft Guidance”) and “FDA Notification and Medical Device Reporting for Laboratory Developed Tests” (the “Notification Draft Guidance”). In the Framework Draft Guidance, FDA stated that after the Guidances are finalized, it no longer would exercise enforcement discretion with respect to most LDTs and instead would regulate them in a risk-based manner consistent with the existing classification of medical devices. The Framework Draft Guidance stated that within six months after the Guidances were finalized, all laboratories would be required to give notice to the FDA and provide basic information concerning the nature of the LDTs offered. The FDA then would begin a phased-in review of the LDTs available, based on the risk associated with the tests. For the highest risk LDTs, which the FDA classifies as Class III devices, the Framework Draft Guidance stated that the FDA would begin to require premarket review within 12 months after the Guidance was finalized. Other high risk LDTs would be reviewed over the next four years and then lower risk tests (Class II tests) would be reviewed in the following four to nine years. The Framework Draft Guidance stated that FDA expected to issue a separate Guidance describing the criteria for its risk-based classification 18-24 months after the Guidances were finalized.

On November 18, 2016, the FDA stated that it would not be issuing final guidance on regulation of LDTs and, instead, it would outline its view of an appropriate risk-based approach to LDTs. On January 13, 2017, the FDA released a “Discussion Paper on Laboratory Developed Tests” that synthesizes the feedback that the agency received from various stakeholders on FDA regulation of LDTs “with the hope that it advances public discussion on LDT oversight.” The FDA stated in the introduction to the discussion paper: “The synthesis does not represent the formal thinking of the FDA, nor is it enforceable…This document does not represent a final version of the LDT draft guidance documents that were published in 2014.” Rather, its purpose is to allow for further public discussion and to give Congress a chance to develop a legislative solution. FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb has stated publicly that it would be preferable for Congress to develop a clear legislative framework for the FDA to implement, rather than for the FDA to regulate LDTs through guidance documents. A number of Congressional committees of

the 115th Congress reportedly are working with various stakeholders to consider different approaches to regulation of LDTs. On August 3, 2018, FDA provided Congressional committee staff technical assistance on the discussion draft entitled the Diagnostic Accuracy and Innovation Act (DAIA). In FDA’s technical assistance, FDA reiterated that it supported the goal of legislation to create pathways to market for all in vitro clinical tests (IVCTs). It is unclear at this time whether those committees and stakeholders can reach consensus around an approach and develop legislation and whether Congress would pass any such legislation.

If the FDA regulates LDTs as proposed, then it would likely classify LDTs according to the current system used to regulate medical devices. Under that system, there are three different classes of medical devices, with the requirements becoming more stringent depending on the Class.
We cannot provide any assurance that FDA regulation, including premarket review, will not be required in the future for our tests, whether through guidance issued by FDA, new enforcement policies adopted by FDA or new legislation enacted by Congress. We believe it is possible that legislation will be enacted into law or guidance could be issued by FDA, which may result in increased regulatory burdens for us to continue to offer our tests or to develop and introduce new tests. Given the attention Congress continues to give to these issues, legislation affecting this area may be enacted into law and may result in increased regulatory burdens on us as we continue to offer our tests and to develop and introduce new tests.
In addition, the former Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services requested that its Advisory Committee on Genetics, Health and Society make recommendations about the oversight of genetic testing. A final report was published in April 2008. If the report’s recommendations for increased oversight of genetic testing were to result in further regulatory burdens, they could negatively affect our business and delay the commercialization of tests in development.

An FDA requirement that LDTs undergo premarket review could negatively affect our business until such review is completed and clearance or approval to market is obtained. FDA could require that we stop selling our tests pending premarket clearance or approval. If FDA allows our tests to remain on the market but there is uncertainty about our tests, if they are labeled investigational by FDA or if labeling claims FDA allows us to make are very limited, orders or reimbursement may decline. The regulatory approval process may involve, among other things, successfully completing additional clinical trials and making a 510(k) submission, or filing a PMA application with FDA. If FDA requires premarket review, our tests may not be cleared or approved on a timely basis, if at all. We may also decide voluntarily to pursue FDA premarket review of our tests if we determine that doing so would be appropriate.

Additionally, should future regulatory actions affect any of the reagents we obtain from vendors and use in conducting our tests, our business could be adversely affected in the form of increased costs of testing or delays, limits or prohibitions on the purchase of reagents necessary to perform our testing.

If we were required to conduct additional clinical trials prior to continuing to offer our proprietary tests or any other tests that we may develop as LDTs, those trials could lead to delays or failure to obtain necessary regulatory approval, which could cause significant delays in commercializing any future products and harm our ability to achieve sustained profitability.

If the FDA decides to require that we obtain clearance or approvals to commercialize our proprietary tests, we may be required to conduct additional clinical testing prior to submitting a marketing application (e.g., 510(k) premarket notification or PMA application) for commercial sales. In addition, as part of our long-term strategy we plan to seek FDA clearance or approval so we can sell our proprietary tests outside our laboratory; however, we need to conduct additional clinical validation activities on our proprietary tests, including reproducibility between labs, before we can submit an application for FDA approval or clearance. If the supply of reagents or equipment on which our tests in development or commercial tests rely becomes unavailable and we have to source replacement reagents or equipment for our tests, additional validation activities will be required and we may need to obtain regulatory clearances or approvals for the modified tests.

Additionally, if we commercialize any of our lab developed tests, we may also be required to submit such tests for approval by the New York State Clinical Laboratory Evaluation Program. Clinical trials must be conducted in compliance with FDA regulations or FDA may take enforcement action or reject the data. The data collected from these clinical trials may ultimately be used to support clearance or approval for our tests. Once commenced, we believe it would likely take two years or more to conduct the studies and trials necessary to obtain clearance or approval from FDA to commercially launch any of our proprietary tests outside of our clinical laboratory. Even if our clinical trials are completed as planned, we cannot be certain that their results will support our test claims or that FDA or foreign authorities will agree with our conclusions regarding our test results. Success in early clinical trials does not ensure that later clinical trials will be successful, and we cannot be sure that the later trials will replicate the results of prior trials and studies. If we are required to conduct clinical trials, whether using

prospectively acquired samples or archival samples, delays in the commencement or completion of clinical testing could significantly increase our test development costs, delay commercialization, and interrupt sales of our current products and tests. Many of the factors that may cause or lead to a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to delay or denial of regulatory clearance or approval. The commencement of clinical trials may be delayed due to insufficient patient enrollment, which is a function of many factors, including the size of the patient population, the nature of the protocol, the proximity of patients to clinical sites and the eligibility criteria for the clinical trial. Moreover, the clinical trial process may fail to demonstrate that our tests are effective for the proposed indicated uses, which could cause us to abandon a test candidate and may delay development of other tests.

We may find it necessary to engage contract research organizations to perform data collection and analysis and other aspects of our clinical trials, which might increase the cost and complexity of our trials. We may also depend on clinical investigators, medical institutions and contract research organizations to perform the trials properly. If these parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or obligations or meet expected deadlines, or if the quality, completeness or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical protocols or for other reasons, our clinical trials may have to be extended, delayed or terminated. Many of these factors would be beyond our control. We may not be able to enter into replacement arrangements without undue delays or considerable expenditures. If there are delays in testing or approvals as a result of the failure to perform by third parties, our research and development costs would increase, and we may not be able to obtain regulatory clearance or approval for our tests. In addition, we may not be able to establish or maintain relationships with these parties on favorable terms, if at all. Each of these outcomes would harm our ability to market our tests or to achieve sustained profitability.

We are subject to federal and state health care fraud and abuse laws and regulations and could face substantial penalties if we are unable to fully comply with such laws.

Healthcare providers, physicians, and others will play a primary role in the ordering of our testing products and clinical services. Our arrangements with such persons and third-party payors, including price reporting obligations imposed by federal health care programs, will expose us to broadly applicable fraud and abuse and other healthcare laws and regulations that may constrain the business or financial arrangements and relationships through which we research, market, sell, and distribute our tests, if we require or obtain marketing approval. Even though we do not and will not control referrals of healthcare services or directly bill to Medicare, Medicaid, or other third party payors, certain federal and state healthcare laws, and regulations pertaining to fraud and abuse and to patients’ rights are and will be applicable to our business. We are subject to health care fraud and abuse regulation and enforcement by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. These health care laws and regulations include, for example:

the federal Anti-kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, persons or entities from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, in cash or in kind, to induce or to reward inducement either the referral of an individual for, or the purchase or lease, order or recommendation of, any item, good, facility or service, for which payment may be made under federal healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. The term ‘‘remuneration’’ has been interpreted broadly to include anything of value;
the federal physician self-referral prohibition, commonly known as the Stark Law, which prohibits physicians from referring Medicare or Medicaid patients to providers of “designated health services” (including clinical laboratory services) with whom the physician or a member of the physician’s immediate family has an ownership interest or compensation arrangement, unless a statutory or regulatory exception applies;
HIPAA, which established federal crimes for knowingly and willfully executing a scheme to defraud any health care benefit program or making false statements in connection with the delivery of or payment for health care benefits, items or services;
the beneficiary inducement provision of the federal civil monetary penalties law, which prohibits, among other things, offering or transferring remuneration, including waivers of co-payments and deductible amounts (or any part thereof), to a federal healthcare beneficiary that a person knows or should know is likely to influence the beneficiary’s decision to order or receive items or services reimbursable by the government from a particular provider or supplier;
the civil monetary penalties statute also imposes fines against any person who is determined to have knowingly presented, or caused to be presented, claims to a federal healthcare program that the person knows, or should know, is for an item or service that was not provided as claimed or is false or fraudulent;
federal civil False Claims Act imposes civil penalties, including through civil whistleblower or qui tam actions, against individuals or entities for knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, false or fraudulent claims for payment by a federal healthcare program; knowingly making, using, or causing to be made or used a false record or statement material to a false or fraudulent claim or an obligation to pay money to the federal government; and knowingly concealing or knowingly and improperly avoiding or decreasing an obligation to pay money to the federal

government. Any demand for payment, such as an invoice, that includes items or services resulting from a violation of the Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim under the False Claims Act;
the criminal False Claims Act prohibits the making or presenting of a claim to the government knowing such claim to be false, fictitious, or fraudulent and, unlike the civil False Claims Act, requires proof of intent to submit a false claim; and
state law equivalents of each of the above federal laws, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws, which may apply to items or services reimbursed by any third-party payor, including commercial insurers.

Further, the PPACA, among other things, amends the intent requirement of the federal anti-kickback and criminal health care fraud statutes. A person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of this statute or specific intent to violate it. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal anti-kickback statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the false claims statutes.

The PPACA, among other things, also imposed new reporting requirements on manufacturers of certain devices, drugs and biologics for certain payments and transfers of value by them and in some cases their distributors to physicians and teaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. The Physician Payment Sunshine Act (Section 6002 of the PPACA) states that failure to submit required information timely, completely and accurately for all payments, transfers of value and ownership or investment interests may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1.0 million per year for “knowing failures”). Manufacturers must submit reports by the 90th day of each calendar year. Any failure to comply with these reporting requirements could result in significant fines and penalties. Because we manufacture our own LDTs solely for use by or within our own laboratory, we believe that we are exempt from these reporting requirements. We cannot assure you, however, that the government will agree with our determination, and a determination that we have violated these laws and regulations, or a public announcement that we are being investigated for possible violations, could adversely affect our business, prospects, results of operations or financial condition.

Ensuring that our business arrangements with third parties comply with applicable healthcare laws and regulations could be costly. It is possible that governmental authorities will conclude that our business practices do not comply with current or future statutes, regulations or case law involving applicable fraud and abuse or other healthcare laws and regulations. If our operations were found to be in violation of any of these laws or any other governmental regulations that may apply to us, we may be subject to significant civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, individual imprisonment, debarment from governmental contracting and refusal of orders under existing contracts, and exclusion from government funded healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, any of which could substantially disrupt our operations. If the physicians or other providers or entities with whom we expect to do business are found not to be in compliance with applicable laws, they may be subject to criminal, civil or administrative sanctions, including exclusions from government funded healthcare programs.

We have adopted policies and procedures designed to comply with these laws, including policies and procedures relating to financial arrangements between us and physicians who refer patients to us. In the ordinary course of our business, we conduct internal reviews of our compliance with these laws. Our compliance is also subject to governmental review. The government alleged that we engaged in improper billing practices in the past and we may be the subject of such allegations in the future as the growth of our business and sales organization may increase the potential of violating these laws or our internal policies and procedures. The risk of our being found in violation of these laws and regulations is further increased by the fact that many of them have not been fully interpreted by the regulatory authorities or the courts, and their provisions are open to a variety of interpretations.

Any action brought against us for violation of these laws or regulations, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of these laws and regulations, we may be subject to any applicable penalty associated with the violation, including civil and criminal penalties, damages and fines, and/or exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medi-Cal or other state or federal health care programs, we could be required to refund payments received by us, and we could be required to curtail or cease our operations. Any of the foregoing consequences could seriously harm our business and our financial results.

We are required to comply with laws governing the transmission, security and privacy of health information that require significant compliance costs, and any failure to comply with these laws could result in material criminal and civil penalties.

Under the administrative simplification provisions of HIPAA, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has issued regulations which establish uniform standards governing the conduct of certain electronic health care transactions and

protecting the privacy and security of Protected Health Information used or disclosed by health care providers and other covered entities. Three principal regulations with which we are currently required to comply have been issued in final form under HIPAA: privacy regulations, security regulations and standards for electronic transactions.

The privacy regulations cover the use and disclosure of Protected Health Information (“PHI”) by “covered entities,” which includes health plans, healthcare clearinghouses, and health care providers who electronically transmit any health information in connection with transactions for which HHS has adopted standards. It also sets forth certain rights that an individual has with respect to his or her PPHI maintained by a covered entity, including the right to access or amend certain records containing PHI or to request restrictions on the use or disclosure of PHI. We have implemented policies, procedures and standards in an effort to comply appropriately with the final HIPAA security regulations, which establish requirements for safeguarding the confidentiality, integrity and availability PHI, which is electronically transmitted or electronically stored. The HIPAA privacy and security regulations establish a uniform federal “floor” and do not supersede state laws that are more stringent or provide individuals with greater rights with respect to the privacy or security of, and access to, their records containing Protected Health Information. As a result, we are required to comply with both HIPAA privacy regulations and varying state privacy and security laws, which may be more stringent than HIPAA. Moreover, HITECH, among other things, established certain health information security breach notification requirements. Under HIPAA, a covered entity must notify any individual “without unreasonable delay and in no case later than 60 calendar days after discovery of the breach” if their unsecured Protected Health Information is subject to an unauthorized access, use or disclosure. If a breach affects 500 patients or more, it must be reported to HHS and local media without unreasonable delay, and HHS will post the name of the breaching entity on its public website. If a breach affects fewer than 500 individuals, the covered entity must log it and notify HHS at least annually.

Certain state laws may also affect our other privacy and security practices. For example, California recently passed the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), which will become effective on January 1, 2020. Although HIPAA-protected information is exempt from CCPA, additional information we may maintain on our customers and employees may be subject to additional security and privacy protections. Other states have specific protections for certain types of information. We may need to alter our security and privacy practices in order to comply with CCPA, but we have not yet fully evaluated CCPA’s impact on our business.

HIPAA contains significant fines and other penalties for wrongful use or disclosure of Protected Health Information. We have implemented practices and procedures to meet the requirements of the HIPAA privacy regulations and state privacy laws. In addition, we have taken commercially reasonable and industry standard steps to comply with HIPAA’s standards for electronic transactions, which establish standards for common health care transactions. Given the complexity of the HIPAA, HITECH and state privacy restrictions, the possibility that the regulations may change, and the fact that the regulations are subject to changing and potentially conflicting interpretation, our ability to comply with the HIPAA, HITECH and state privacy requirements is uncertain and the costs of compliance are significant. To the extent that we submit electronic health care claims and payment transactions that do not comply with the electronic data transmission standards established under HIPAA and HITECH, payments to us may be delayed or denied. Additionally, the costs of complying with any changes to the HIPAA, HITECH and state privacy restrictions may have a negative impact on our operations. We could be subject to criminal penalties and civil sanctions for failing to comply with the HIPAA, HITECH and state privacy restrictions, which could result in the incurrence of significant monetary penalties. For further discussion of HIPAA and the impact on our business, see the section entitled “Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Business and Strategy-Security breaches, loss of data, and other disruptions could compromise sensitive information related to our business or prevent us from accessing critical information and expose us to fines, penalties, liability, and adverse effects to our business and our reputation.”

OurCompany’s operations are subject to environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, with which compliance may be costly.


OurThe Company’s business is subject to federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, worker health and safety and the use, management, storage, and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in substantial fines, penalties or other sanctions. In addition, environmental laws and regulations could require usthe Company to pay for environmental remediation and response costs, or subject usthe Company to third party claims for personal injury, natural resource or property damage, relating to environmental contamination. Liability may be imposed whether or not wethe Company knew of, or were responsible for, such environmental contamination. The cost of defending against environmental claims, of compliance with environmental, health and safety regulatory requirements or of remediating contamination could materially adversely affect ourthe Company’s business, assets or results of operations.


Intellectual Property Risks Relating to Ourthe Company’s Business


OurThe Company’s rights to use technologies licensed from third parties are not within ourthe Company’s control, and wethe Company may not be able to sell our products if we lose ourthe Company loses existing rights or cannot obtain new rights on reasonable terms.


OurThe Company’s ability to market certain of our tests and services, domestically and/or internationally, is in part derived from licenses to intellectual property which is owned by third parties. As such, wethe Company may not be able to continue selling our tests and services if we lose ourthe Company loses existing licensed rights or sell new tests and services if wethe Company cannot obtain such licensed rights on reasonable terms. In particular, we currently in-license a biomarker from the National Cancer Institute used in our FHACT probe. Further, we may also need to license other technologies to commercialize future products. As may be expected, ourthe Company’s business may suffer if (i) these licenses terminate; (ii) if the licensors fail to abide by the terms of the license, properly maintain the licensed intellectual property or fail to prevent infringement of such intellectual property by third parties; (iii) if the licensed patents or other intellectual property rights are found to be invalid or (iv) if we arethe Company is unable to enter into necessary licenses on reasonable terms or at all. In return for the use of a third-party’s technology, wethe Company may agree to pay the licensor royalties based on sales of our products as well as other fees. Such royalties and fees are a component of cost of product revenues and will impact the margins on ourthe Company’s tests.

Third parties may assert ownership or commercial rights to inventions we develop from our use of the biological materials they provide to us.

We rely on certain third parties to provide us with tissue samples and biological materials that we use to develop our tests. In some cases we have written agreements with third parties that may require us to negotiate ownership and commercial rights with the third party if our use of such third party’s materials results in an invention. Other agreements may limit our use of those materials to research/not for profit use. In other cases, we may not have written agreements, or the written agreements we have may not clearly deal with intellectual property rights. If we cannot successfully negotiate sufficient ownership and commercial rights to the inventions that result from our use of a third party supplier’s materials where required, or if disputes otherwise arise with respect to the intellectual property developed with the use of a third party’s samples, we may be limited in our ability to capitalize on the market potential of these inventions.

The U.S. government may have “march-in rights” to certain of our probe related intellectual property.

Because federal grant monies were used in support of the research and development activities that resulted in our two issued U.S. patents, the federal government retains what are referred to as “march-in rights” to these patents. In particular, the National Cancer Institute and the National Institutes of Health, each of which administered grant monies to us, technically retain the right to require us, under certain specific circumstances, to grant the U.S. government either a nonexclusive, partially exclusive, or exclusive license to the patented invention in any field of use, upon terms that are reasonable for a particular situation. Circumstances that trigger march-in rights include, for example, failure to take, within a reasonable time, effective steps to achieve practical application of the invention in a field of use, failure to satisfy the health and safety needs of the public, and failure to meet requirements of public use specified by federal regulations. The National Cancer Institute and the National Institutes of Health can elect to exercise these march-in rights on their own initiative or at the request of a third-party.


If we arethe Company is unable to maintain intellectual property protection, our competitive position could be harmed.

OurThe Company’s ability to protect our proprietary discoveries and technologies affects ourthe Company’s ability to compete and to achieve sustained profitability. Currently, we relythe Company relies on a combination of U.S. and foreign patents and patent applications, copyrights, trademarks and trademark applications, confidentiality or non-disclosure agreements, material transfer agreements, licenses, work-for-hire agreements and
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invention assignment agreements to protect our intellectual property rights. WeThe Company also maintainmaintains as trade secrets certain company know-how and technological innovations designed to provide usthe Company with a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Currently, including both U.S. and foreign patent applications, we havethe Company has only two issued U.S. patents and twelve pending patent applications relating to various aspects of ourthe Company’s technology. While wethe Company does not currently intend to pursue additional patent applications, it is possible that our pending patent applications and any future applications may not result in issued patents. Even if patents are issued, third parties may independently develop similar or competing technology that avoids ourthe Company’s patents. Further, wethe Company cannot be certain that the steps wethat have been taken will prevent the misappropriation of ourthe Company’s trade secrets and other confidential information and technology, particularly in foreign countries where we dothe Company does not have intellectual property rights.


From time to time the U.S. Supreme Court, other federal courts, the U.S. Congress or the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) may change the standards of patentability. Any such changes could have a negative impact on our business. For instance, on October 30, 2008, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit issued a decision that methods or processes cannot be patented unless they are tied to a machine or involve a physical transformation. The U.S. Supreme Court later reversed that decision in Bilski v. Kappos, finding that the “machine-or-transformation” test is not the only test for determining patent eligibility. The Court, however, declined to specify how and when processes are patentable. Most recently, on March 20, 2012, in the case Mayo v. Prometheus, the U.S. Supreme Court reversed the Federal Circuit’s application of Bilski and invalidated a patent focused on a diagnostic process because the patent claim embodied a law of nature. On July 3, 2012, the USPTO issued

its Interim Guidelines for Subject Matter Eligibility Analysis of Process Claims Involving Laws of Nature in view of the Prometheus decision. It remains to be seen how these guidelines play out in the actual prosecution of diagnostic claims. Similarly, it remains to be seen lower courts will interpret the Prometheus decision. Some aspects of our technology involve processes that may be subject to this evolving standard, and we cannot guarantee that any of our pending process claims will be patentable as a result of such evolving standards.
The U.S. Supreme Court’s June 14, 2013 decision in Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad will likely have an impact on the entire biotechnology industry. Specifically, the case involved certain of Myriad Genetics, Inc.’s U.S. patents related to the breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. Plaintiffs asserted that the breast cancer genes were not patentable subject matter. The Supreme Court unanimously held that the isolated form of naturally occurring DNA molecules does not rise to the level of patent-eligible subject matter. But the Court also held that claims directed to complementary DNA (cDNA) molecules were patent-eligible because cDNA is not naturally occurring. The Supreme Court focused on the informational content of the isolated DNA and determined that the information contained in the isolated DNA molecule was not markedly different from that naturally found in the human chromosome. Yet, in holding isolated cDNA molecules patent-eligible, the Court recognized the differences between human chromosomal DNA and the corresponding cDNA. Because the non-coding regions of naturally occurring chromosomal DNA have been removed in cDNA, the Court accepted that cDNA is not a product of nature and, therefore, is patent-eligible subject matter.

It does not appear that the Supreme Court’s ruling in Myriad will adversely affect our current patent portfolio which, unlike the claims at issue in Myriad, centers on algorithmic methods associating chromosomal markers to specific clinical end-points. Nevertheless, we of course need to remain mindful that this is an evolving area of law.

In addition, on February 5, 2010, the Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Genetics, Health and Society voted to approve a report entitled “Gene Patents and Licensing Practices and Their Impact on Patient Access to Genetic Tests.” That report defines “patent claims on genes” broadly to include claims to isolated nucleic acid molecules as well as methods of detecting particular sequences or mutations. The report also contains six recommendations, including the creation of an exemption from liability for infringement of patent claims on genes for anyone making, using, ordering, offering for sale or selling a test developed under the patent for patient care purposes, or for anyone using the patent-protected genes in the pursuit of research. The report also recommended that the Secretary should explore, identify and implement mechanisms that will encourage more voluntary adherence to current guidelines that promote nonexclusive in-licensing of diagnostic genetic and genomic technologies. It is unclear whether the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services will act upon these recommendations, or if the recommendations would result in a change in law or process that could negatively impact our patent portfolio or future research and development efforts.

WeCompany may become involved in lawsuits or other proceedings to protect or enforce our patents or other intellectual property rights, which could be time-consuming and costly to defend, and could result in our loss of significant rights and the assessment of treble damages.


From time to time wethe Company may face intellectual property infringement (or misappropriation) claims from third parties. Some of these claims may lead to litigation. The outcome of any such litigation can never be guaranteed, and an adverse outcome could affect usthe Company negatively. For example, were a third-party to succeed on an infringement claim against us, wethe Company, the Company may be required to pay substantial damages (including up to treble damages if such infringement were found to be willful). In addition, wethe Company could face an injunction, barring usthe Company from conducting the allegedly infringing activity. The outcome of the litigation could require usthe Company to enter into a license agreement which may not be pursuant to acceptable or commercially reasonable or practical terms or which may not be available at all. It is also possible that an adverse finding of infringement against usthe Company may require usthe Company to dedicate substantial resources and time in developing non-infringing alternatives, which may or may not be possible. In the case of diagnostic tests, wethe Company would also need to include non-infringing technologies which would require usthe Company to re-validate our tests. Any such re-validation, in addition to being costly and time consuming, may be unsuccessful.


Furthermore, wethe Company may initiate claims to assert or defend our own intellectual property against third parties. Any intellectual property litigation, irrespective of whether we arethe Company is the plaintiff or the defendant, and regardless of the outcome, is expensive and time-consuming, and could divert our management’s attention from ourthe Company’s business and negatively affect our operating results or financial condition. WeThe Company may not be able to prevent, alone or with our third partythird-party collaborators or suppliers, misappropriation of ourthe Company’s proprietary rights, particularly in countries where the laws may not protect those rights as fully as in the United States. In addition, interference proceedings brought by the USPTO may be necessary to determine the priority of inventions with respect to our patents and patent applications or those of ourthe Company’s current or future collaborators, suppliers or customers.


Finally, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of ourthe Company’s confidential and proprietary information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of

litigation. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments. If securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on ourthe Company’s financial condition.

We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.

Filing, prosecuting and defending patents on our technologies in all countries throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive, and our intellectual property rights in some countries outside the United States can be less extensive than those in the United States. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as federal and state laws in the United States. For example, many foreign countries have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner must grant licenses to third parties. Consequently, we may not be able to prevent third parties from practicing our inventions in all countries outside the United States. Competitors may use our technologies in jurisdictions where we have not obtained patent protection to develop their own products and further, may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have patent protection, but enforcement rights are not as strong as those in the United States. These products may compete with our technologies in jurisdictions where we do not have any issued patents and our patent claims or other intellectual rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from so competing.

Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents generally. Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business, could put our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and our patent applications at risk of not issuing and could provoke third parties to assert claims against us. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful. Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights around the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual property that we develop or license.


Risks Relating to Ourthe Company’s International Operations


International expansion of ourthe Company’s business exposes usthe Company to business, regulatory, political, operational, financial and economic risks associated with doing business outside of the United States.


OurThe Company’s business strategy incorporates international expansion, including our recent acquisitions which have provided us with facilities in Australia, and the possibility of establishing and maintaining clinician marketing and education capabilities in other locations outside of the United States and expanding our relationships with distributorsbiopharmaceutical, academic and manufacturers.governmental research organizations. Doing business internationally involves a number of risks, including:


•multiple, conflicting and changing laws and regulations such as tax and transfer pricing laws, export and import restrictions, employment laws, regulatory requirements and other governmental approvals, permits and licenses;

•being subject to additional privacy and cybersecurity laws, including the Australian Privacy Act of 1988;

•failure by usthe Company or our distributors to obtain regulatory approvals for the sale or use of our tests in various countries, including failure to achieve “CE Marking”, a conformity mark which is required to market in vitro diagnostic medical devices in the European Economic Area and which is broadly accepted in other international markets;
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•difficulties in managing foreign operations;
complexities associated with managing multiple payor-reimbursement regimes or self-pay systems;
logistics and regulations associated with shipping tissue samples, including infrastructure conditions and transportation delays;
limits on our ability to penetrate international markets if our diagnostic tests cannot be processed by an appropriately qualified local laboratory;
•financial risks, such as longer payment cycles, difficulty enforcing contracts and collecting accounts receivable and exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations;

•reduced protection for intellectual property rights;

•natural disasters, political and economic instability, including wars, terrorism and political unrest, outbreak of disease, boycotts, curtailment of trade and other business restrictions; and

•failure to comply with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, including its books and records provisions and its anti-bribery provisions, by maintaining accurate information and control over sales and distributors’ activities.


Any of these risks, if encountered, could significantly harm our future international expansion and operations and, consequently, have a material adverse effect on ourthe Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.


OurThe Company’s operating results may be adversely affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and restrictions on the deployment of cash across our global operations.


Although we report ourthe Company reports operating results in U.S. dollars, a portion of ourthe Company’s revenues and expenses are or will be denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.dollar, particularly in Australia and Europe. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates can have a number of adverse effects on us.the Company. Because ourthe Company’s consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, wethe Company must translate revenues, expenses and income, as well as assets and liabilities, into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect during or at the end of each reporting period. Therefore, changes in the value of the U.S. dollar against other currencies will affect our revenues, income from operations, other income (expense), net and the value of balance sheet items originally denominated in other currencies. There is no guarantee that ourthe Company’s financial results will not be adversely affected by currency exchange rate fluctuations. In addition, in some countries wethe Company could be subject to strict restrictions on the movement of cash and the exchange of foreign currencies, which could limit ourthe Company’s ability to use these funds across ourits global operations.


WeThe Company could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other worldwide anti-bribery laws.


The FCPA and anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or other commercial advantage. OurThe Company’s policies mandate compliance with these anti-bribery laws, which often carry substantial penalties, including criminal and civil fines, potential loss of export licenses, possible suspension of the ability to do business with the federal government, denial of government reimbursement for products and exclusion from participation in government health care programs. WeThe Company may operate in jurisdictions that have experienced governmental and private sector corruption to some degree, and, in certain circumstances, strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with certain local customs and practices. WeThe Company cannot assure that ourthe internal control policies and procedures always will protect usthe Company from reckless or other inappropriate acts committed by our affiliates, employees or agents. Violations of these laws, or allegations of such violations, could have a material adverse effect on ourthe Company’s business, financial position and results of operations.


Risks Relating to Ourthe Company’s Common Stock


The price of ourthe Company’s common stock has been and could remain volatile, and the market price of our common stock may decrease.


The market price of ourthe Company’s common stock has historically experienced and may continue to experience significant volatility. From January 2015 through December 31, 2018,March 18, 2021, the market price of ourthe Company’s common stock has fluctuated from a high of $12.75$382.50 per share in the third quarter of 2015, to a low of $0.20$1.92 per share in the fourthfirst quarter of 2018.2020. In the month of February 2021, the market price of the Company’s stock fluctuated from a low of $3.52 per share to a high of $17.50 per share. Market prices for securities of development-stage life sciences companies have historically been particularly volatile. The factors that may cause the market price of ourthe Company’s common stock to fluctuate include, but are not limited to:

•progress, or lack of progress, in developing and commercializing ourthe Company’s proprietary tests;
favorable or unfavorable decisions about our tests or services from government regulators, insurance companies or other third-party payors;
our
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•the Company’s ability to recruit and retain qualified regulatory and research and development personnel;

•changes in ourthe relationship with key collaborators, suppliers, customers and third parties;

•changes in the market valuation or earnings of our competitors or companies viewed as similar to us;the Company;

•changes in key personnel;

•depth of the trading market in ourthe Company’s common stock;

•changes in ourthe Company’s capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of additional debt;

•the granting or exercise of employee stock options or other equity awards;

•realization of any of the risks described under this section titled “Risk Factors”; and

•general market and economic conditions.


In addition, the equity markets have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market prices for the securities of newly public companies for a number of reasons, including reasons that may be unrelated to our business or operating performance. These broad market fluctuations may result in a material decline in the market price of ourthe Company’s common stock and you may not be able to sell your shares at prices you deem acceptable. In the past, following periods of volatility in the equity markets, securities class action lawsuits have been instituted against public companies. Such litigation, if instituted against us,the Company, could result in substantial cost and the diversion of management attention.



Reports published by securities or industry analysts, including projections in those reports that exceed our actual results, could adversely affect ourthe Company’s common stock price and trading volume.


Securities research analysts establish and publish their own periodic projections for ourthe Company’s business. These projections may vary widely from one another and may not accurately predict the results wethe Company actually achieve. Ourachieves. The Company’s stock price may decline if ourthe actual results do not match securities research analysts’ projections. Similarly, if one or more of the analysts who writes reports on usthe Company downgrades ourthe Company’s stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about ourthe Company’s business, our stock price could decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of our companythe Company or fails to publish reports on usthe Company regularly, ourthe Company’s stock price or trading volume could decline. While we expectthe Company expects securities research analyst coverage, if no securities or industry analysts begin to cover us,the Company, the trading price for ourthe Company’s stock and the trading volume could be adversely affected.


Our directors and executive officers have substantial influence over us and could delay or prevent a change in corporate control.

Our directors and executive officers, together with their affiliates, in the aggregate beneficially own approximately 15.2% of our outstanding common stock, based on the number of shares outstanding on March 27, 2019. These stockholders, acting together, haveThe Company is incurring significant influence over the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors and any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. In addition, these stockholders, acting together, have significant influence over our management and affairs. Accordingly, this concentration of ownership might harm the market price of our common stock by:
delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control;
impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving us; or
discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.

We are incurring significantly increased costs and devotedevotes substantial management time as a result of operating as a public company.


As a public company, we arethe Company is incurring significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company.expenses. For example, in addition to being required to comply with certain requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we arethe Company is required to comply with certain requirements of the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, as well as rules and regulations subsequently implemented by the SEC, including the establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and changes in corporate governance practices. We expectThe Company expects that compliance with these requirements will continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time consuming and costly. In addition, we expectthe Company expects that our management and other personnel will continue to need to divert attention from operational and other business matters to devote substantial time to these public company requirements.


The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintainthe Company maintains effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. In particular, wethe Company must perform system and process evaluation and testing of our internal control over financial reporting to allow management to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In addition, if we lose ourthe Company loses status as a “smaller reporting company,“non-accelerated filer,” wethe Company will be required to have ourthe Company’s independent registered public accounting firm attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. OurThe Company’s compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as applicable, requires usthe Company to incur substantial accounting expense and expend significant management efforts. WeThe Company currently dodoes not have an internal audit group, and wethe Company will need to continue to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge. If wethe Company or ourthe independent registered public accounting firm identify deficiencies in ourthe Company’s internal control over
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financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses, the market price of ourthe Company’s stock could decline and wethe Company could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the NASDAQ, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which would require additional financial and management resources.


OurThe Company’s ability to successfully implement ourthe Company’s business plan and maintain compliance with Section 404, as applicable, requires usthe Company to be able to prepare timely and accurate financial statements. We expectThe Company expects that wethe Company will need to continue to improve existing, and implement new operational and financial systems, procedures and controls to manage ourthe Company’s business effectively. Any delay in the implementation of, or disruption in the transition to, new or enhanced systems, procedures or controls, may cause our operations to suffer and wethe Company may be unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective and to obtain an unqualified report on internal controls from our auditors as required under Section 404 ofeffective. If the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. If we failCompany fails to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, wethe Company may not be able to accurately report our financial results, and current and potential stockholders may lose confidence in ourthe Company’s financial reporting. This, in turn, could have an adverse impact on trading prices for ourthe Company’s common stock, and could adversely affect ourthe Company’s ability to access the capital markets.


Anti-takeover provisions of ourthe Company’s certificate of incorporation, our bylaws and Delaware law could make an acquisition of us,the Company, which may be beneficial to ourthe Company’s stockholders, more difficult and may prevent attempts by ourthe Company’s stockholders to replace or remove the current members of ourthe board and management.


Certain provisions of ourthe Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws could discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change of control that stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which you might otherwise receive a premium for your shares. Furthermore, these provisions could prevent or frustrate attempts by ourthe Company’s stockholders to replace or remove members of ourthe board of directors. These provisions also could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for ourthe Company’s common stock, thereby depressing the market price of ourthe Company’s common stock. Stockholders who wish to participate in these transactions may not have the opportunity to do so. These provisions, among other things:

•authorize ourthe board of directors to issue, without stockholder approoval,approval, preferred stock, the rights of which will be determined at the discretion of the board of directors and that, if issued, could operate as a “poison pill” to dilute the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer to prevent an acquisition that ourthe board of directors does not approve;

•establish advance notice requirements for stockholder nominations to ourthe board of directors or for stockholder proposals that can be acted on at stockholder meetings; and

•limit who may call a stockholder meeting.


In addition, we arethe Company is governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or DGCL, which may, unless certain criteria are met, prohibit large stockholders, in particular those owning 15% or more of the voting rights on ourthe Company’s common stock, from merging or combining with usthe Company for a prescribed period of time.


Because we dothe Company does not expect to pay cash dividends for the foreseeable future, you must rely on appreciation of ourthe Company’s common stock price for any return on your investment. Even if we changethe Company changes that policy, wethe Company may be restricted from paying dividends on ourthe Company’s common stock.


We doThe Company does not intend to pay cash dividends on shares of our common stock for the foreseeable future. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of ourthe board of directors and will depend upon results of operations, financial performance, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable law and other factors ourthe board of directors deems relevant. Accordingly, you will have to rely on capital appreciation, if any, to earn a return on your investment in ourthe Company’s common stock. Investors seeking cash dividends in the foreseeable future should not purchase ourthe Company’s common stock.


Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.

Our ability to utilize our federal net operating loss, carryforwards and federal tax credits are limited under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The limitations apply since we have experienced an “ownership change,” as defined by Section 382, as a result of the Company’s securities offerings. Generally, an ownership change occurs if the percentage of the value of the stock that is owned by one or more direct or indirect “five percent shareholders” changes by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage at any time during the applicable testing period (typically three years). Since we have experienced an “ownership change”, our NOL carryforwards and federal tax credits are subject to limitations as to our ability to utilize them to offset taxable income and related income taxes. In addition, future changes in our stock ownership, which may be outside of our control, may trigger further “ownership changes” which would further limit their utilization. As a result, if we earn net taxable income, our ability to use our pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other tax attributes to offset United States federal taxable income and related income taxes are subject to limitations, which could potentially result in increased future tax liability to us.

Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments


None.


Item 2.Properties


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As of December 31, 2018, we2020, the Company had a leaseleases for approximately 17,900 square feet of office and laboratory space in Rutherford, New Jersey, 24,900 square feet of laboratory space located in Research Triangle Park (RTP) in Morrisville, North Carolina, 5,800 square feet in Hershey, Pennsylvania and 1,959 square feet in Bundoora, Australia and a license to use 994 square feet of laboratory facilities in Clayton, Australia. TheseThe lease agreements have

escalating lease payments and expire in February 2023, May 2020, November 2020January 2022 and July 2021, respectively. During 2018, we hadrespectively, and the license agreement has a lease agreement for approximately 19,100 square feet offlat license fee subject to Consumer Price Index-based adjustment and expires in October 2024.

In 2020, the Company began leasing a laboratory space in Los Angeles, California which expired on December 31, 2018. At December 31, 2018, we owed approximately $164,000Gilles Plains, SA and an administrative office in overdue rentModbury, SA. These leases expire in January 2023 and related expenses to the Los Angeles landlord, and are in active negotiations to finalize our financial obligations related to his property.February 2023, respectively.

Item 3.Legal Proceedings


On April 5, 2018November 13, 2020, a purported stockholder of CGI filed a complaint against CGI, the chief executive officer of CGI and April 12, 2018, purported stockholdersthe directors of CGI in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, entitled, Scott Sawin v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al. The complaint (the “Sawin Complaint”) alleges that CGI’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, as filed with the SEC on October 16, 2020 related to the merger (the “Prior Registration Statement”), omitted to disclose certain material information allegedly necessary to make statements made in the Prior Registration Statement not misleading and/or false, in violation of Section 14(a) and Section 20(a) of the CompanySecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and Rule 14a-9 promulgated thereunder, and alleges breach of fiduciary duty of candor/disclosure. The complaint seeks injunctive relief, enjoining the merger until the defendants to the applicable lawsuit disclose the alleged omitted material information, and costs, among other remedies.

On November 19, 2020, a purported stockholder of CGI filed nearly identical putative class action lawsuitsa complaint against CGI and the directors of CGI in the U.S.United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, entitled, Carlos Juan Pastrana v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al. On November 19, 2020, a purported stockholder of CGI filed a complaint against CGI and the directors of CGI in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, against the Company, Panna L. Sharma, John A. Roberts, and Igor Gitelman, captioned Ben Phetteplaceentitled, Joshua Dunn v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al., No. 2:18-cv-05612 and Ruo Fen Zhang v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al., No. 2:18-06353, respectively. The complaints alleged violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and SEC Rule 10b-5 based on allegedly false and misleading statements and omissions regarding our business, operational, and financial results. The lawsuits sought, among other things, unspecified compensatory damages in connection with purchases of our stock between March On November 23, 2017 and April 2, 2018, as well as interest, attorneys’ fees, and costs. On August 28, 2018, the Court consolidated the two actions in one action captioned In re Cancer Genetics, Inc. Securities Litigation (the “Securities Litigation”) and appointed shareholder Randy Clark as the lead plaintiff. On October 30, 2018, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint, adding Edward Sitar as2020, a defendant and seeking, among other things, compensatory damages in connection with purchasespurported stockholder of CGI stock between March 10, 2016 and April 2, 2018. On December 31, 2018, Defendants filed a motion to dismisscomplaint against CGI and the amended complaint for failure to state a claim. The Company is unable to predict the ultimate outcomedirectors of the Securities Litigation and therefore cannot estimate possible losses or ranges of losses, if any.

In addition, on June 1, 2018, September 20, 2018, and September 25, 2018, purported stockholders of the Company filed nearly identical derivative lawsuits on behalf of the CompanyCGI in the U.S.United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, entitled, Matthew Haller v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al. On November 25, 2020, a purported stockholder of CGI filed a complaint against CGI and the Company (asdirectors of CGI in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, entitled, Steve Prentiss v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al. On December 1, 2020, a nominal defendant)purported stockholder of CGI filed a complaint against CGI and currentthe directors of CGI in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, entitled, Virginia Weiderman v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al. On December 18, 2020, a purported stockholder of CGI filed a complaint against CGI and former membersthe directors of CGI in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, entitled, Jason Kauffman v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al. On January 27, 2021, a purported stockholder of CGI filed a complaint against CGI and the directors of CGI in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, entitled, Joseph Sheridan v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al. Each of the Company’s Board of Directors and current and former officers of the Company. The three cases are captioned: Bell v. Sharma et al., No. 2:18-cv-10009-CCC-MF, McNeece v. Pappajohn et al., No. 2:18-cv-14093, and Workman v. Pappajohn, et al., No. 2:18-cv-14259 (the “Derivative Litigation”). Theforegoing seven complaints allege facts and seek relief substantially similar to the Sawin Complaint.

CGI believes that the claims for breach of fiduciary duty, violations of Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (premised upon alleged omissionsasserted in the Company’s 2017 proxy statement),lawsuits described above are without merit and unjust enrichment,intends to vigorously defend CGI, CGI Acquisition, Inc. and allegethe director and officer defendants against these claims, as applicable, however, there can be no assurance that the individual defendants failedwill prevail in such lawsuits. CGI is not able to implement and maintain adequate controls, which resultedestimate any possible loss from these litigations at this time. It is possible that additional lawsuits may be filed in ineffective disclosure controls and procedures, and conspiredconnection with the merger.

In November 2020 vivoPharm Pty Ltd received a letter from counsel for a customer of vivoPharm alleging entitlement to conceal this alleged failure. The lawsuits seek, among other things, damages and/or restitution to the Company, appropriate equitable relief to remedy the alleged breachesa refund of fiduciary duty, and attorneys’ fees and costs. On November 9, 2018, the Courtprepayments made under a master services agreement in the Bell v. Sharma action entered a stipulation filedsum of approximately $306 thousand. Counsel for vivoPharm responded and denied any liability. In February 2021 counsel for the customer repeated its claim,and stated its intent to commence litigation if the matter were not resolved. Counsel for vivoPharm responded by repeating its denial of any liability but offering to pay $60 thousand to resolve the parties staying the Bell action until the Securities Litigation is dismissed, with prejudice, and all appeals havematter. No litigation has been exhausted; or the defendants’ motioncommenced to dismiss in the Securities Litigation is denied in whole or in part; or either of the parties in the Bell action gives 30 days’ notice that they no longer consent to the stay. On December 10, 2018, the parties in the McNeece action filed a stipulation that is substantially identical to the Bell stipulation. On February 1, 2019, the Court in the Workman action granted a stipulation that is substantially identical to the Bell stipulation. The Company is unable to predict the ultimate outcome of the Derivative Litigation and therefore cannot estimate possible losses or ranges of losses, if any.date.


Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures


Not applicable.



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PART II
Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the reported high and low sales prices of ourCompany's common stock trades on The NASDAQ Capital Market.Market under the symbol “CGIX.”

  High Low
4th Quarter 2018
 $1.05
 $0.20
3rd Quarter 2018
 $1.30
 $0.85
2nd Quarter 2018
 $1.75
 $0.82
1st Quarter 2018
 $2.20
 $1.55
     
4th Quarter 2017
 $3.50
 $1.75
3rd Quarter 2017
 $4.25
 $2.60
2nd Quarter 2017
 $4.78
 $3.00
1st Quarter 2017
 $5.30
 $1.35


Holders


As of December 31, 2018, we2020, the Company had approximately 10045 holders of record of ourthe Company's common stock. The number of record holders was determined from the records of ourthe transfer agent and does not include beneficial owners of common stock whose shares are held in the names of various security brokers, dealers, and registered clearing agencies. The transfer agent of ourthe Company's common stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust, 17 Battery Place, 8th Floor, New York, New York, 10004.10004


Dividends


We haveThe Company has never declared dividends on ourthe Company's equity securities, and currently dodoes not plan to declare dividends on shares of ourthe Company's common stock in the foreseeable future. We expectThe Company expects to retain our future earnings, if any, for use in the operation and expansion of ourthe Company's business. Our loan agreements prohibit us from paying cash dividends on our common stock and the terms of any future loan agreement we enter into or any debt securities we may issue are likely to contain similar restrictions on the payment of dividends. Subject to the foregoing, theThe payment of cash dividends in the future, if any, will be at the discretion of ourthe board of directors and will depend upon such factors as earnings levels, capital requirements, our overall financial condition and any other factors deemed relevant by ourthe board of directors.


Item 6.Selected Financial Data.
Not applicable.

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Item 6.Selected Financial Data.

The selected financial data set forth below as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and for the years then ended has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company, which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We derived the consolidated financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 from our audited consolidated financial statements that are not included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The information set forth below should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the audited consolidated financial statements, and the notes thereto, and other financial information included herein. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of our future results.


  Year Ended December 31,
  2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  (in thousands, expect per share data)
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:          
Revenue $27,470
 $29,121
 $27,049
 $18,040
 $10,199
Cost of revenues 18,724
 18,070
 17,104
 14,098
 8,453
Gross profit (loss) 8,746
 11,051
 9,945
 3,942
 1,746
Operating expenses:          
Research and development 2,488
 4,789
 5,967
 5,483
 4,622
General and administrative 19,184
 19,894
 16,034
 14,567
 12,369
Sales and marketing 5,268
 4,990
 4,668
 5,269
 3,964
Restructuring costs 2,320
 —
 —
 —
 —
Merger costs 1,464
 —
 —
 —
 —
Total operating expenses 30,724
 29,673
 26,669
 25,319
 20,955
Loss from operations (21,978) (18,622) (16,724) (21,377) (19,209)
Other income (expense):          
Interest expense (2,120) (2,128) (454) (344) (473)
Interest income 21
 63
 23
 49
 74
Change in fair value of warrant liability 3,732
 (1,964) 1,525
 35
 417
Change in fair value of acquisition note payable 136
 (42) 152
 269
 198
Other expense (78) (266) (325) —
 —
Total other income (expense) 1,605
 (4,337) 921
 9
 216
Loss before income taxes (20,373) (22,959) (15,803) (21,368) (18,993)
Income tax (benefit) —
 (2,079) —
 (1,184) (2,350)
Net (loss) $(20,373) $(20,880) $(15,803) $(20,184) $(16,643)
Basic net (loss) per share $(0.75) $(1.01) $(1.00) $(1.96) $(1.76)
Diluted net (loss) per share $(0.75) $(1.01) $(1.00) $(1.96) $(1.80)
Basic weighted average shares outstanding 27,291
 20,663
 15,861
 10,298
 9,449
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding 27,291
 20,663
 15,861
 10,299
 9,462
           
  Year Ended December 31,
  2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: (in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents $161
 $9,541
 $9,502
 $19,459
 $25,554
Working capital (deficit) (17,946) 3,566
 12,378
 18,333
 27,389
Total assets 35,406
 52,221
 42,434
 48,884
 47,105
Debt, excluding current portion —
 —
 2,654
 4,642
 6,000
Accumulated deficit (157,716) (134,834) (113,954) (98,151) (77,967)
Total stockholders' equity $6,802
 $26,765
 $25,624
 $33,017
 $34,554

Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


As used herein, the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” or similar terms, refer“Company” refers to Cancer Genetics, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries: Cancer Genetics Italia, S.r.l., Gentris, LLC, BioServe Biotechnologies (India) Private Limited and vivoPharm Pty, Ltd., except as expressly indicated or unless the context otherwise requires. The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help facilitate an understanding of ourthe Company's financial condition and ourits historical results of operations for the periods presented. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this annual report on Form10-K.Form 10-K. This MD&A may contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. For a discussion on forward-looking statements, see the information set forth in the Introductory Note to this Annual Report under the caption “Forward Looking Statements”, which information is incorporated herein by reference. The share numbers in the following discussion reflect a 1-for-30 reverse stock split that the Company effected October 24, 2019.


Overview


We are an emerging leader in enabling precision medicine in oncology by providing multi-disciplinary diagnostic and data solutions, facilitating individualized therapies through our diagnostic tests, services and molecular markers. We develop, commercialize and provide molecular- and biomarker-based tests and services, including proprietary preclinical oncology and immuno-oncology services, that enable biotechCancer Genetics, Inc. supports the efforts of the biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies engaged in oncology trialsindustries to better select candidate populations and reduce adversedevelop innovative new drug reactions by providing information regarding genomic factors influencing subject responses to therapeutics. Through our clinical services, we enable physicians to personalizetherapies. Following the clinical management of each individual patient by providing genomic information to better diagnose, monitor and inform cancer treatment. We have a comprehensive, disease-focused oncology testing portfolio, andBusiness Disposals, the Company currently has an extensive set of anti-tumor referenced data based on predictive xenograft and syngeneic tumor models. Our tests and techniques target a wide range of indications, covering all ten of the top cancers in prevalence in the United States, with additional unique capabilities offered by our FDA-cleared Tissue of Origin® test for identifying difficult to diagnose tumor types or poorly differentiated metastatic disease. Followingmodels from the acquisition of vivoPharm, Pty LtdLtd. (“vivoPharm”) in 2017, to provide Discovery Services such as contract research services, focused primarily on unique specialized studies to guide drug discovery and development programs in the oncology and immuno-oncology fields. vivoPharm is a contract research organization (“CRO”) that specializes in planning and conducting unique, specialized studies to guide drug discovery and development programs with a concentration in oncology and immuno-oncology. These studies range from early compound selection to developing comprehensive sets of in vitro and in vivo data, as needed for U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) Investigational New Drug (“IND”) applications.

The Company offers preclinical services such as predictive tumor models, human orthotopic xenografts and syngeneic immuno-oncology relevant tumor models in its Hershey, PA facility, and is a leader in the field of immuno-oncology preclinical services in the United States. This service is supplemented with GLP toxicology and extended bioanalytical services in the Company’s Australian-based facilities in Clayton, Victoria, and Gilles Plains, South Australia (effective in February 2020).

Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations was $4.9 million and $3.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and the Company had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $2.4 million at December 31, 2020, a decrease of $1.4 million from December 31, 2019. The Company has working capital from continuing operations at December 31, 2020 of $0.5 million. In addition, the Company has $0.7 million of current liabilities associated with its discontinuing operations that will be funded primarily from its continuing operations.

Merger with StemoniX

The Company, CGI Acquisition, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of CGI (“Merger Sub”), and StemoniX, Inc., a Minnesota corporation (“StemoniX”), have entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, as amended (the “Merger Agreement”), pursuant to which Merger Sub will merge (the “merger”) with and into StemoniX, with StemoniX surviving the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of CGI following the merger. It is expected that the shareholders of StemoniX will become the majority owners of CGI’s outstanding common stock upon the closing of the merger. The Company has filed an effective registration statement on Form S-4, as amended, dated February 12, 2021, as supplemented by a proxy supplement filed on February 26, 2021, describing StemoniX and the terms of the Merger Agreement. The merger with StemoniX is subject to certain closing conditions including listing by Nasdaq, and no assurance can be given that the closing conditions will be satisfied or that the merger with StemoniX will occur.

StemoniX develops and manufactures human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) based neural, cardiac and pancreatic screening platforms for drug discovery and development. Engineered from human skin and blood cells, iPSCs are made with in-licensed patented processes discovered by 2012 Nobel Prize recipient Dr. Shinya Yamanaka. StemoniX’s iPSC innovations are made from living human cells and have organ-like, or organoid, characteristics; referred to as microOrgans®. StemoniX has industrialized these microOrgans into standard multi-well plate formats that are sufficiently robust and reproducible to enable drug screening and optimization activities.

November 2020 Offering

On October 28, 2020 the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“Wainwright”), relating to an underwritten public offering (the “November 2020 Offering”) of approximately 1.6 million shares of common
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stock, including approximately 0.2 million shares subject to an option to purchase additional shares, which option was exercised in full on October 30, 2020, at a price to the public of $2.20 per share. The Company received gross proceeds from the offering of approximately $3.5 million, less underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company of approximately $534 thousand. In addition, Wainwright received warrants to purchase approximately 94 thousand shares of common stock at $2.42 per share.

ATM Offering

On December 2, 2020, the Company entered into an At The Market Offering Agreement (the “ATM Agreement”) with Wainwright, as sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell (the “ATM Offering”), from time to time through Wainwright, shares of CGI Common Stock, for aggregate gross proceeds of up to $2.4 million (the “ATM Shares”). The Company suspended the offering of shares under the ATM Agreement on February 10, 2021. Prior to the suspension, the Company sold an aggregate of 50 thousand shares under the ATM Agreement for net proceeds of approximately $159 thousand in December 2020. In January 2021, the Company sold an additional 200 thousand shares for net proceeds of approximately $798 thousand.

CGI PIPE
On January 28, 2021, CGI entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “CGI PIPE Securities Purchase Agreement”) with certain institutional and accredited investors (the “CGI PIPE Purchasers”), pursuant to which CGI issued and sold to the CGI PIPE Purchasers in a private placement (the “CGI PIPE”) an aggregate of (i) 2.8 million shares of CGI Common Stock and (ii) common warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2.8 million shares of CGI Common Stock, at a combined offering price of $3.625 per CGI PIPE Share and accompanying CGI PIPE Warrant to purchase one share of CGI Common Stock, for gross proceeds of approximately $10 million. The net proceeds to CGI from the CGI PIPE were approximately $8.9 million, after deducting placement agent fees and expenses and estimated offering expenses payable by CGI. The net proceeds are expected to be available to the post-merger company upon the closing of the merger. The Private Placement closed on February 1, 2021. Between February 10 and March 22, 2021 a total of approximately 1.1 million of the warrants were exercised for common stock resulting in proceeds to the Company of approximately $4.0 million.

CGI RD Financing

On February 10, 2021, CGI issued and sold to certain institutional investors an aggregate of 2.8 million shares of CGI Common Stock in a registered direct offering at an offering price of $6.30 per share for gross proceeds of approximately $17.5 million, or $15.8 million of net proceeds, after deducting placement agent fees and expenses and estimated offering expenses payable by CGI and issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 167 thousand shares of CGI Common Stock to Wainwright as placement agent compensation.

Business Disposals - Discontinuing Operations

siParadigm, Inc.

On July 5, 2019, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement (the “Clinical Agreement”) by and among the Company and siParadigm, LLC (“siParadigm”), pursuant to which the Company sold to siParadigm, certain assets associated with the Company’s clinical laboratory business (the “Clinical Business,” and such assets, the “Designated Assets”), and agreed to cease operating its Clinical Business. The Designated Assets include intellectual property, equipment and customer lists associated with the Clinical Business, and for a period the Company was providing certain transitional services to siParadigm pursuant to the Clinical Agreement. The cash consideration paid by siParadigm at closing was approximately $747 thousand, which included approximately $45 thousand for certain equipment plus a $1.0 million advance payment of the Earn-Out (as defined below), less adjustments and costs of approximately $298 thousand. The Clinical Business sale (together with the BioPharma Disposal, the “Business Disposals”) was completed on July 8, 2019.

The Earn-Out, to be paid over the 24 months post-closing, is based on fees for all tests performed by siParadigm for the Company’s clinical customers during the 12-month period following the closing (the “Earn-Out”). The Company has netted the Earn-out and Advance from siParadigm as of December 31, 2020 as all amounts are fixed and determinable and the Company and siParadigm intend to offset. At December 31, 2020, the Earn-Out from siParadigm was approximately $91 thousand.

Interpace Biosciences, Inc.

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On July 15, 2019, the Company entered into a secured creditor asset purchase agreement (the “BioPharma Agreement”) by and among the Company, Gentris, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, Partners for Growth IV, L.P. (“PFG”), Interpace Biosciences, Inc. (“IDXG”) and a newly-formed subsidiary of IDXG, Interpace BioPharma, Inc. (“Buyer”). The BioPharma Agreement provided for a consensual private foreclosure sale by PFG of all assets relating to the Company’s BioPharma Business (as defined in the BioPharma Agreement) to Buyer (the “BioPharma Disposal”). The BioPharma Disposal was consummated on July 15, 2019.

Pursuant to the BioPharma Agreement, Buyer purchased from PFG certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of the Company relating to the BioPharma Business, providing as gross consideration $23.5 million, less certain closing adjustments totaling $2.0 million, of which $7.7 million was settled in the form of a promissory note issued by Buyer to the Company (the “Excess Consideration Note”) and the remainder was paid to PFG in cash. PFG utilized the cash proceeds to satisfy the outstanding balances of the Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) asset-based revolving line of credit (“ABL”) and the $6.0 million term note to PFG (“PFG Term Note”), and to satisfy certain transaction expenses. The balance of $2.3 million was delivered to the Company in addition to the Excess Consideration Note. The Excess Consideration Note which required interest-only quarterly payments at a rate of 6% per year, was settled on October 24, 2019 for $6.0 million, including interest of $24 thousand. The Buyer withheld from the settlement of the Excess Consideration Note $775 thousand for a net worth adjustment (assets less liabilities) of the BioPharma business (“Net Worth”), $153 thousand to secure collection of certain older accounts receivable of the Company purchased by Buyer (“AR Holdback”) and an additional $735 thousand as security for indemnification obligations of the Company for any breaches of certain limited warranties and covenants of the Company and other specified items, subject to agreed-upon caps, baskets and survival periods as set forth in the BioPharma Agreement (“Indemnification Holdback”). The Company received the full amounts of the AR Holdback and the Indemnification Holdback in April and May 2020, respectively.

The Company and Buyer also entered into a transition services agreement (the “TSA”) pursuant to which the Company and Buyer are providing certain services to each other to accommodate the transition of the BioPharma Business to Buyer. In particular, the Company agreed to provide to Buyer, among other things, certain personnel services, payroll processing, administration services and benefit administration services, for a period not to exceed six months from July 15, 2019, subject to the terms and conditions of the TSA, in exchange for payment or reimbursement, as applicable, by Buyer for the costs related thereto, including salaries and benefits for certain of the Company’s BioPharma employees during the transition period. The Buyer paid for certain costs of the Company under the TSA with respect to a limited number of employees and professionals. Such shared services amounted to $208 thousand and $186 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. In addition, the Buyer was reimbursing the Company, in part, for the salaries and benefits of John A. Roberts, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, and Glenn Miles, the Company’s former Chief Financial Officer through July 2020. The reimbursed portion of such salaries and benefits amounted to $155 thousand and $188 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Including the amounts due under the TSA described above, the net amount due to the Buyer is approximately $15 thousand at December 31, 2020.

The above business disposals have been classified as discontinuing operations in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Accordingly, the operations and balances of BioServe and the Company's BioPharma and Clinical operations have been reported as discontinuing operations. Unless otherwise indicated, information in the MD&A relates to continuing operations.

2019 Offerings

In January 2019, the Company closed two public offerings and issued an aggregate of 952 thousand shares of common stock for $5.4 million, net of expenses and discounts of $1.1 million. The Company also issued 67 thousand warrants to its underwriters in conjunction with these offerings.

Note Payable to Atlas Sciences, LLC

On October 21, 2019, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note to Atlas Sciences, LLC (“Atlas Sciences”), an affiliate of Iliad Research and Trading, L.P. (“Iliad”), for $1.3 million (the “Atlas Sciences Note”). The Company received consideration of $1.3 million, reflecting an original issue discount of $88 thousand and expenses payable by the Company of $10 thousand. The Atlas Sciences Note had a 12-month term and accrued interest at 10% per annum. The proceeds from the Note Payable were utilized to partially repay the Convertible Note (see Note 6 to the audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K).

Between June 3, 2020 and September 23, 2020, the Company issued an aggregate of approximately 399 thousand shares of the Company's common stock, with a fair value of $1.6 million, to Atlas Sciences in exchange for the return to the Company of the
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remaining principal and interest from its unsecured promissory note. As such the Note Payable balance on December 31, 2020 was $0.

Key Factors Affecting the Company's Results of Operations and Financial Condition

The Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, vivoPharm, provides proprietary preclinical oncology and immuno-oncology services, offering integrated services in different disease areas to the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. vivoPharm is a leader in orthotopic and metastases tumor models. The Company provides all services including toxicology testing and bioanalytical analysis to GLP. vivoPharm specializes in conducting studies tailored to guide drug development, starting from compound libraries and ending with a comprehensive set of in vitro and in vivo data and reports, as needed for Investigational New Drug (IND) filing.

The Company's ability to complete such studies is dependent upon its ability to leverage its collaborative relationships with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and leading institutions to facilitate its research and obtain data for its quality assurance and test validation efforts.

The Company believes that the factors discussed in the following paragraphs have had and are expected to continue to have a material impact on its results of operations and financial condition.

Revenues from Continuing Operations

Revenue from the Company's Discovery Services comes from preclinical oncology and immuno-oncology services offered to its biotechnology and pharmaceutical customers.  The Company is a leader in orthotopic and metastases tumor models and offer whole body imaging, in addition to toxicology testing and bioanalytical analysis. Discovery Services are designed to specialize in conducting studies tailored to guide drug development, starting from compound libraries and ending with a comprehensive set of in vitro and in vivo data and reports, as needed for Investigational New Drug (IND) filing.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, four customers accounted for approximately 61% of the consolidated revenue from continuing operations. During the year ended December 31, 2019, three customers accounted for approximately 61% of the consolidated revenue from continuing operations.

Cost of Revenues from Continuing Operations

The Company's cost of revenues consists principally of internal personnel costs, including non-cash stock-based compensation, laboratory consumables, shipping costs, overhead and other direct expenses, such as specimen procurement and third-party validation studies. The Company continues to pursue various strategies to control its cost of revenues, including automating the Company's processes through more efficient technology and attempting to negotiate improved terms with its suppliers.

Operating Expenses from Continuing Operations

The Company classifies its operating expenses into four categories: sales and marketing, general and administrative, impairment of goodwill and merger costs. The Company's operating expenses principally consist of personnel costs, including non-cash stock-based compensation, outside services, laboratory consumables and overhead, development costs, marketing program costs and legal and accounting fees.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses consist principally of personnel-related expenses, professional fees, such as legal, accounting and business consultants, occupancy costs, bad debt and other general expenses.

Sales and Marketing Expenses. The Company's sales and marketing expenses consist principally of personnel and related overhead costs for its business development team and their support personnel, travel and entertainment expenses, and other selling costs including sales collaterals and trade shows. The Company expects its sales and marketing expenses to remain relatively flat as it continues to operate and grow its Discovery Services business.

Impairment of Goodwill: During 2019, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $2.9 million after considering the effects of the Business Disposals and declines in its stock price. No impairment was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020. If the Company is not successful in executing its strategic business plans, there may be further impairments in the future.

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Impairment of Intangible Assets. Based upon the actual results for the first two months of the 2021 fiscal year, the Company updated the forecasted operating results for the period from 2021 through 2026, the amortization period of the Company’s intangible assets and determine that the fair value of the intangible assets which was calculated using the present value of future cashflows, did not support its carrying value resulting in an impairment charge of $2.2 million, which was recorded in operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Merger Costs. In the pursuit of various strategic options for the Company, legal and other professional costs are incurred while evaluating, negotiating, executing and implementing merger and acquisition alternatives.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. On March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) a global pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures worldwide. In addition, as the Company is located in New Jersey, the Company is currently under a shelter-in-place mandate and many of its customers worldwide are similarly impacted. The global outbreak of COVID-19 continues to rapidly evolve, and the extent to which COVID-19 may impact the Company's business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, such as the ultimate geographic spread of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, travel restrictions and social distancing in the United States and other countries, business closures or business disruptions, and the effectiveness of actions taken in the United States and other countries to contain and treat the disease. As a healthcare provider, the Company is still providing Discovery Services and has yet to experience a slowdown in its project work, however, the future of many projects may be delayed. The Company continues to vigilantly monitor the situation with its primary focus on the health and safety of its employees and clients.

Results of Operations

Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019

The following table sets forth certain information concerning the Company's results of continuing operations for the periods shown (in thousands): 
 Year Ended December 31,Change
 20202019$%
    
Revenue$5,751 $7,305 $(1,554)-21 %
Cost of revenues3,353 3,701 (348)-9 %
General and administrative6,595 5,171 1,424 28 %
Sales and marketing1,246 1,146 100 9 %
Impairment of goodwill— 2,873 (2,873)-100 %
Impairment of intangible assets2,201 — 2,201 100 %
Merger costs539 117 422 361 %
Loss from continuing operations(8,183)(5,703)(2,480)43 %
Interest expense, net(272)(1,329)1,057 -80 %
Change in fair value of acquisition note payable4 4 — — %
Change in fair value of other derivatives— 86 (86)-100 %
Change in fair value of warrant liability167 70 97 139 %
Change in fair value of siParadigm Earn-Out(66)(935)869 -93 %
Change in fair value of Excess Consideration Note— 93 (93)-100 %
Gain on troubled debt restructuring— 258 (258)-100 %
Other expense307 59 248 420 %
Loss before income taxes(8,043)(7,397)(646)9 %
Income tax benefit— 512 (512)-100 
Net loss from continuing operations$(8,043)$(6,885)$(1,158)17 %

Non-GAAP Financial Information

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In addition to disclosing financial results in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), the table below contains non-GAAP financial measures that the Company believes are helpful in understanding and comparing its past financial performance and its future results, and are reflected as "Adjusted EBITDA." The Company uses Adjusted EBITDA to normalize its operations. The Company defined adjusted EBITDA as earnings before (1) net interest expense, (2) taxes, (3) depreciation and amortization, (4) non-cash stock-based compensation, (5) goodwill impairment, (7) gain on troubled debt restructuring and (6) changes in fair value of various assets and liabilities that are remeasured on a recurring basis. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, and the financial results calculated in accordance with GAAP and reconciliations from these results should be carefully evaluated. Management believes that these non-GAAP measures provide useful information about the Company’s core operating results and cash flow performance and thus are appropriate to enhance the overall understanding of the Company’s past financial performance and its prospects for the future. The non-GAAP financial measures are included in the table below.

Reconciliation from GAAP to Non-GAAP Results (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
20202019
Reconciliation of net loss from continuing operations:
Net loss from continuing operations$(8,043)$(6,885)
Adjustments:
Interest expense, net272 1,329 
Depreciation166 159 
Amortization462 454 
Stock-based compensation179 263 
Impairment of goodwill— 2,873 
Impairment of intangible assets2,201 — 
Merger costs539 117 
Change in fair value of acquisition note payable(5)(4)
Change in fair value of other derivatives— (86)
Change in fair value of warrant liability(167)(70)
Change in fair value of siParadigm Earn-Out65 935 
Change in fair value of Excess Consideration Note— (93)
Gain on troubled debt restructuring— (258)
Income tax benefit— (512)
Adjusted EBITDA (loss) from continuing operations$(4,331)$(1,778)

Adjusted EBITDA loss from continuing operations increased 143% to $4.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, from an Adjusted EBITDA loss of $1.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2019.

Revenue from Continuing Operations

Revenue from continuing operations decreased 21%, or $1.6 million, to $5.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, from $7.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, principally due to a decrease in the number of clinical studies conducted in the Company's U.S. operations from sponsors based in the U.S. and Europe, which resulted in a lower volume of active projects as the demand for its CRO services decreased.

Cost of Revenues from Continuing Operations

Cost of revenues from continuing operations decreased 9%, or $348 thousand, to $3.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, from $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, principally due to decreased usage of lab supplies of $340 thousand, payroll costs and benefits of $355 thousand, offset by an increase in outsourcing of $317 thousand. Gross margin decreased from 49% to 42% during the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease in gross margin was caused by the increase in the use of outsourcing on studies which have lower margins then studies performed in house.

Operating Expenses from Continuing Operations
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General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses from continuing operations increased 28%, or $1.4 million, to $6.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, from $5.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 principally due to a $1.2 million increase in audit and professional services (of which $619 thousand represent one-time costs) related to increased financial consulting incurred to prepare discontinued operations for audit, $580 thousand increase in legal expense primarily due to large refunds negotiated and recorded in the fourth quarter of 2019, $416 thousand increase in taxes and insurance related to a significant increase in Directors & Officers insurance, a $180 thousand increase in board of director fees, offset in part by a $748 thousand decrease in salaries related to the reversal of discretionary bonus accruals in 2020, and $99 thousand decrease in stock based compensation.

Impairment of Goodwill. During the year ended December 31, 2020 and December 31 2019, the Company recorded impairment of goodwill of $0 and $2.9 million respectively, after considering the effects of the Business Disposals and declines in its stock price.
Impairment of Intangible Assets. Based upon the actual results for the first two months of the 2021 fiscal year, the Company updated the forecasted operating results for the period from 2021 through 2026, the amortization period of the Company’s intangible assets and determine that the fair value of the intangible assets which was calculated using the present value of future cashflows, did not support its carrying value resulting in an impairment charge of $2.2 million, which was recorded in operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Merger Costs. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized $539 thousand of merger costs associated with the pending merger with Stemonix, as compared to $117 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2019 related to its terminated merger with NovellusDx, Ltd. (“NDX”).

Interest Expense, Net

Net interest expense from continuing operations decreased by $1.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 due to the payoff of various debt agreements that were previously in place during the year ended December 31, 2019. During the fourth quarter of 2019 the Company entered into a Settlement Agreement with NDX that reduced the outstanding balance of the Advance from NDX (as defined below) by $1.1 million dollars and put in place a $450 thousand interest free note payable in monthly installments of $50 thousand. The note was paid in full in July 2020. The Convertible Note with Iliad of approximately $2.3 million was replaced by a note payable to Atlas Sciences in October 2019. The note payable to Atlas Sciences was settled though the exchange of common stock in 2020 and was fully paid off as of September 30, 2020.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability

Changes in fair value of some of the Company's common stock warrants may impact its results. Accounting rules require the Company to record certain of its warrants as a liability, measure the fair value of these warrants each quarter and record changes in that value in earnings. As a result of changes in the Company's stock price, it recognized non-cash income of $167 thousand and non-cash expense of $70 thousand during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company may be exposed to non-cash charges, or the Company may record non-cash income, as a result of this warrant exposure in future periods.

Change in Fair Value of siParadigm Earn-Out

The siParadigm Earn-Out relates to the disposal of the Company's Clinical Business in July 2019. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized a $66 thousand and $935 thousand reduction in the fair value of the siParadigm Earn-Out due to a decrease in expected future payments.

Change in Fair Value of Excess Consideration Note

The Excess Consideration Note relates to the disposal of the Company's Biopharma Business in July 2019. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized $0 and $93 thousand gain related to the increase in fair value of the Excess Consideration Note due to changes in the expected settlement of the AR Holdback and the Indemnification Holdback. The Excess Consideration Note was paid off in May 2020.

Gain on Troubled Debt Restructuring

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During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized a $258 thousand gain on troubled debt restructuring related to a settlement agreement reached with NDX (“NDX Settlement Agreement”) covering $1.5 million in funds advanced to the Company prior to the failed merger in 2018 (“Advance from NDX”). The NDX Settlement Agreement required the Company to repay $1.1 million of principal and interest on the Advance from NDX. Upon receipt of these payments, the Advance from NDX was reduced to $450 thousand. The remaining amount due was interest-free and payable in monthly installments of $50 thousand, which began in November 2019. The Settlement Agreement was paid in full in July 2020.

Income Tax Benefit

On April 4, 2019, the Company sold $11.6 million of gross State of New Jersey NOLs relating to the 2017 tax year as well as $72 thousand of state research and development tax credits. The sale resulted in the net receipt by the Company of $512 thousand. The Company did not sell any NOLs during 2020. The Company's effective rate for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was 0% and 7.1%, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources and Uses of Liquidity

The primary sources of the Company's liquidity have been cash collections from customers, funds generated from debt financings and equity financings, and cash received from the Business Disposals. The Company expects to continue generating additional cash from its customers in the future.

The Company expects to continue to incur operating losses in the future, as the costs of being public have significant effect on losses that keep the Company from being profitable. The Company expects losses to continue, only to the extent that the business does not outpace the public company-related expenses, such as legal and audit fees and director’s and officer’s liability insurance. These losses have had, and will continue to have, an adverse effect on the Company's working capital, total assets and stockholders’ equity. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with its revenue growth and costs associated with being a public company, the Company is unable to predict when it will become profitable, and it may never become profitable. Even if the Company does achieve profitability, it may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. The Company's inability to achieve and then maintain profitability would negatively affect its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

On October 28, 2020 the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with Wainwright relating to an underwritten public offering of approximately 1.6 million shares of common stock, including approximately 0.2 million shares subject to an option to purchase additional shares, which option was exercised in full on October 30, 2020, at a price to the public of $2.20 per share. The Company received gross proceeds from the offering of approximately $3.5 million, less underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company of approximately $534 thousand. In addition, Wainwright received warrants to purchase approximately 94 thousand shares of common stock at $2.42 per share.

On December 2, 2020, the Company entered into an At The Market Offering Agreement (the “ATM Agreement”) with Wainwright, as sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time through Wainwright, shares of CGI Common Stock, for aggregate gross proceeds of up to $2.4 million (the “ATM Shares”). Pursuant to the ATM Agreement, Wainwright may sell the ATM Shares in sales deemed to be “at-the-market” equity offerings as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, including sales made directly on or through the Nasdaq Capital Market. The Company suspended the offering of shares under the ATM Agreement on February 10, 2021. Prior to the suspension, the Company has sold an aggregate of 250 thousand shares under the ATM Agreement for net proceeds of approximately $957 thousand.

On January 28, 2021, CGI entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain institutional and accredited investors (the “CGI PIPE Purchasers”), pursuant to which CGI issued and sold to the CGI PIPE Purchasers in a private placement an aggregate of (i) 2.8 million shares of CGI Common Stock and (ii) common warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2.8 million shares of CGI Common Stock, at a combined offering price of $3.625 per CGI PIPE Share and accompanying CGI PIPE Warrant to purchase one share of CGI Common Stock, for gross proceeds of approximately $10 million. The net proceeds to CGI from the CGI PIPE were approximately $8.9 million, after deducting placement agent fees and expenses and estimated offering expenses payable by CGI.

On February 10, 2021, CGI issued and sold to certain institutional investors an aggregate of 2.8 million shares of CGI Common Stock in a registered direct offering at an offering price of $6.30 per share for gross proceeds of approximately $17.5 million, or $15.8 million of net proceeds, after deducting placement agent fees and expenses and estimated offering expenses payable by
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CGI and issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 167 thousand shares of CGI Common Stock to Wainwright as placement agent compensation.

Between February 10, 2021 and March 22, 2021, the Company received proceeds of $4.0 million from four warrant exercises for an aggregate of 1.1 million shares of common stock.

The primary uses of the Company's liquidity have been cash used to fund the Company's operations, as detailed in the cash flows section below, as well as cash used to repay the Company's lenders.

From June through September 2020, the Company settled all principal and interest on the note payable to Atlas Sciences through the exchange of shares of common stock.

The Company believes that its cash at December 31, 2020, together with net proceeds of (i) $797 thousand from post year end sales pursuant to its At The Market Offering Agreement dated December 2, 2020 (the “CGI ATM”), (ii) $8.9 million from the issuance and sale of CGI securities in the CGI PIPE, (iii) $15.8 million from the issuance and sale of CGI securities in the CGI RD Financing and (iv) $4.0 million from warrant exercises will be sufficient to fund normal operations for at least the next 24 months from the date of this filing. These conditions no longer raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.

Cash Flows from Continuing Operations

The Company's net cash flow from operating, investing and financing activities from continuing operations for the periods below were as follows (in thousands):
 Year Ended December 31,
 20202019
  
Cash provided by (used in) continuing operations:
Operating activities$(4,908)$(3,239)
Investing activities885 (28)
Financing activities2,640 3,420 
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash(68)(17)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash from continuing operations$(1,451)$136 

The Company had cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash of $2.4 million and $4.2 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Restricted cash of $350 thousand at December 31, 2019 was released from restriction in May 2020.

Cash Used in Operating Activities from Continuing Operations

Net cash used by continuing operating activities was $4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, consisting of a net loss from continuing operations of $5.9 million, positive non-cash adjustments of $1.2 million and a decrease in cash relating to changes in working capital items of $288 thousand.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, cash used in operating activities from continuing operations was $3.2 million, consisting of net loss from continuing operations of $6.9 million, positive non-cash adjustments of $5.4 million and additional uses of cash relating to changes in working capital items of $1.7 million. Changes in cash flows from working capital items were primarily driven by a net increase in other current assets of $279 thousand, a net decrease in accounts payable, accrued expenses and deferred revenue of $1.3 million, and a decrease in obligations under operating leases of $189 thousand. These uses of cash were partially offset by a net decrease in accounts receivable of $81 thousand.

Cash Provided by Investing Activities from Continuing Operations

Net cash provided by continuing investing activities was $885 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2020, relating primarily to the collection of the Excess Consideration Note of $888 thousand.

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Net cash used in continuing investing activities was $28 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2019, relating to purchases of fixed assets.

Cash Provided by Financing Activities from Continuing Operations

Net cash provided by continuing financing activities was $2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and principally resulted from net proceeds received from the November 2020 Offering and the ATM Offering of an aggregate of $3.1 million, offset, in part, by principal payments of $350 thousand on the Convertible Note and the Advance from NDX, respectively, as well as $84 thousand of payments on finance leases.

Net cash provided by continuing financing activities was $3.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and resulted from proceeds of $5.4 million offset by principal payments of $1.0 million and $892 thousand on the Convertible Note and the Advance from NDX, respectively, as well as $72 thousand of payments on finance leases.

Capital Resources and Expenditure Requirements

The Company expects to continue to incur operating losses in the future, as the costs of being public have significant effect on losses that keep the Company from being profitable. The Company expects losses to continue, only to the extent that the business does not outpace the public company-related expenses, such as legal and audit fees and director’s and officer’s liability insurance. These losses have had, and will continue to have, an adverse effect on the Company's working capital, total assets and stockholders’ equity. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with its revenue growth and costs associated with being a public company, the Company is unable to predict when it will become profitable, and it may never become profitable. Even if the Company is successful in acquiring StemoniX, StemoniX is not profitable and the Company is not able to predict when the combined business would become profitable, and it may never become profitable, thereby increasing the Company’s needs for additional financing. Even if the Company does achieve profitability, with or without consummating the StemoniX acquisition, it may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. The Company's inability to achieve and then maintain profitability would negatively affect its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. As a result, it may need to raise additional capital to fund its current operations and to fund its business to meet its long-term business objectives through public or private equity offerings, debt financings, borrowings or strategic partnerships coupled with an investment in the Company or a combination thereof. If the Company raises additional funds through the issuance of convertible debt securities, or other debt securities, these securities could be secured and could have rights senior to those of its common stock. In addition, any new debt incurred by the Company could impose covenants that restrict its operations and increase its interest expense. The issuance of any new equity securities will also dilute the interest of current stockholders.

The Company's forecast of the period of time through which its current financial resources will be adequate to support its operations and its expected operating expenses are forward-looking statements and involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could vary materially and negatively as a result of a number of factors, including:
•the expected benefits of, and potential value, including synergies, created by, the proposed merger transaction between the Company and StemoniX, Inc. (“StemoniX”) for the stockholders of CGI;
•likelihood of the satisfaction of certain conditions to the completion of the merger with StemoniX, and whether and when the merger will be consummated;
•CGI’s ability to control and correctly estimate its operating expenses and its expenses associated with the StemoniX merger;
•the Company's ability to adapt its business for future developments in light of the global outbreak of the novel coronavirus, which continues to rapidly evolve;
•the Company's ability to achieve profitability by increasing sales of the Company's preclinical CRO services focused on oncology and immuno-oncology;
•the Company's ability to raise additional capital to repay its indebtedness and meet its liquidity needs;
•the Company's ability to execute on its marketing and sales strategy for its preclinical research services and gain acceptance of its services in the market;
•the Company's ability to keep pace with rapidly advancing market and scientific developments;
•the Company's ability to satisfy U.S. (including FDA) and international regulatory requirements with respect to its services;
•the Company's ability to maintain its present customer base and obtain new customers;
•competition from preclinical CRO services companies, many of which are much larger than the Company in terms of employee base, revenues and overall number of customers and related market share;
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•the Company's ability to maintain the Company's clinical and research collaborations and enter into new collaboration agreements with highly regarded organizations in the field of oncology so that, among other things, the Company has access to thought leaders in advanced preclinical and translational science;
•potential product liability or intellectual property infringement claims;
•the Company's dependency on third-party manufacturers to supply it with instruments and specialized supplies;
•the Company's ability to attract and retain a sufficient number of scientists, clinicians, sales personnel and other key personnel with extensive experience in oncology and immuno-oncology, who are in short supply;
•the Company's ability to obtain or maintain patents or other appropriate protection for the intellectual property in its proprietary tests and services;
•the Company's ability to effectively manage its international businesses in Australia and Europe, including the expansion of its customer base and volume of new contracts in these markets;
•the Company's dependency on the intellectual property licensed to the Company or possessed by third parties;
•the Company's ability to adequately support future growth; and
•other risks discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors.”

The consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020 were prepared on the basis of a going concern, which contemplates that the Company will be able to realize assets and discharge liabilities in the normal course of business. Accordingly, they do not give effect to adjustments that would be necessary should the Company be required to liquidate its assets.  The ability of the Company to meet its obligations, and to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the availability of future funding and the continued growth in revenues.  The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

Future Contractual Obligations

The following table reflects a summary of the Company's estimates of future contractual obligations as of December 31, 2020. The information in the table reflects future unconditional payments and is based on the terms of the relevant agreements, appropriate classification of items under U.S. GAAP as currently in effect and certain assumptions, such as the interest rate on the Company's variable debt that was in effect as of December 31, 2020. Future events could cause actual payments to differ from these amounts.
Payments Due by Period
Contractual ObligationsTotalLess than 1 Year1-3 Years3-5 YearsMore than 5 years
(dollars in thousands)     
Finance lease obligations, including interest, for equipment121 41 80 — — 
Operating lease obligations relating to administrative offices and laboratories266 234 32 — — 
Total$387 $275 $112 $— $— 

Income Taxes

Over the past several years the Company has generated operating losses in all jurisdictions in which it may be subject to income taxes. As a result, the Company has accumulated significant net operating losses and other deferred tax assets. Because of the Company's history of losses and the uncertainty as to the realization of those deferred tax assets, a full valuation allowance has been recognized. The Company does not expect to report a benefit related to the deferred tax assets until it has a history of earnings, if ever, that would support the realization of its deferred tax assets.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Since inception, the Company has not engaged in any off-balance sheet activities as defined in Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgment and Estimates

The Company's management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on its consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, the Company
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evaluates its estimates based on historical experience and makes various assumptions, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, which form the basis for judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

The notes to the Company's audited consolidated financial statements contain a summary of its significant accounting policies. Management considers the following accounting policies critical to the understanding of the results of the Company's operations:
•Revenue recognition;
•Accounts receivable and bad debts;
•Warrant liabilities and other derivatives;
•Stock-based compensation;
•Income taxes; and
•Impairment of intangibles and long-lived assets.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The notes to the Company's audited consolidated financial statements contain a summary of recent accounting pronouncements.

Item 7A.Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The Company has exposure to financial market risks, including changes in foreign currency exchange rates, and risk associated with how it invests its cash.

Foreign Exchange Risk

The Company conducts business in foreign markets through its subsidiary in Australia (vivoPharm Pty Ltd.). For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, approximately 39% and 20%, respectively, of the Company's continuing revenues were earned outside the United States and collected in local currency. The Company is subject to risk for exchange rate fluctuations between such local currencies and the United States dollar and the subsequent translation of the Australia Dollar or Euro to United States dollars. The Company currently does not hedge currency risk. The translation adjustments for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were not significant.

Investment of Cash

The Company invests its cash primarily in money market funds. Because of the short-term nature of these investments, the Company does not believe it has material exposure due to market risk. The impact to the Company's financial position and results of operations from likely changes in interest rates is not material.

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Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Cancer Genetics, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Financial Report December 31, 2020
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50
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss
52
53
54
55
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of
Cancer Genetics, Inc.


Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cancer Genetics, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has determined that revenue is recorded at the amount expected to be collected. The Company’s performance obligations are specific to the services included within each revenue contract which requires subjective judgment regarding the satisfaction of the performance obligation criteria for revenue recognition. Performance obligations are satisfied over time and as study data is transmitted to the customer. Revenue from the Company's Discovery Services is recognized using the time elapsed method and at a point in time as the Company delivers study results to the customers. We identified management’s determination of when the satisfaction of the performance obligation was met on the contracts as a critical audit matter.

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included the following:

•Tested the completeness of the contracts’ population as of year-end;
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•Obtained an understanding of the Company’s revenue recognition process, including processes over the determination of performance obligations for contract arrangements;
•Read the contracts to obtain an understanding of the contractual requirements and deliverables;
•Bifurcated the population of total contracts and performed additional audit procedures for open contracts; and
•Inspected correspondence between the Company and the customer regarding actual and expected contract performance to date and compared to the estimate to complete its performance obligations.


/s/ Marcum LLP

Marcum LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.

Houston, Texas
March 31, 2021






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CANCER GENETICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except par value)
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 December 31,
 20202019
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents$2,444 $3,880 
Restricted cash0 350 
Accounts receivable779 696 
Earn-Out from siParadigm, current portion91 747 
Excess Consideration Note0 888 
Patent held for sale156 0 
Other current assets637 546 
Current assets of discontinuing operations0 71 
Total current assets4,107 7,178 
FIXED ASSETS, net of accumulated depreciation448 558 
OTHER ASSETS
Operating lease right-of-use assets248 94 
Earn-Out from siParadigm, less current portion0 356 
Patents and other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization0 2,895 
Investment in joint venture0 92 
Goodwill2,977 3,090 
Other568 641 
Total other assets3,793 7,168 
Total Assets$8,348 $14,904 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued expenses$2,333 $2,072 
Obligations under operating leases, current portion223 193 
Obligations under finance leases, current portion35 68 
Deferred revenue1,013 1,217 
Note payable, net0 1,277 
Advance from NovellusDx, Ltd., net0 350 
Advance from siParadigm, current portion0 566 
Current liabilities of discontinuing operations659 1,229 
Total current liabilities4,263 6,972 
Obligations under operating leases, less current portion32 10 
Obligations under finance leases, less current portion72 107 
Advance from siParadigm, less current portion0 252 
Warrant liability1 178 
Total Liabilities4,368 7,519 
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock, authorized 9,764 shares $0.0001 par value, NaN issued0 0 
Common stock, authorized 100,000 shares, $0.0001 par value, 4,135 and 2,104 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively0 0 
Additional paid-in capital176,628 171,783 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(223)26 
Accumulated deficit(172,425)(164,424)
Total Stockholders’ Equity3,980 7,385 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity$8,348 $14,904 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CANCER GENETICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 Years Ended December 31,
 20202019
Revenue$5,751 $7,305 
Cost of revenues3,353 3,701 
Gross profit2,398 3,604 
Operating expenses:
General and administrative6,595 5,171 
Sales and marketing1,246 1,146 
Impairment of goodwill0 2,873 
Impairment of intangible assets2,201 0 
Merger costs539 117 
Total operating expenses10,581 9,307 
Loss from continuing operations(8,183)(5,703)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense(272)(1,437)
Interest income0 108 
Change in fair value of acquisition note payable4 4 
Change in fair value of other derivatives0 86 
Change in fair value of warrant liability167 70 
Change in fair value of siParadigm Earn-Out(66)(935)
Change in fair value of Excess Consideration Note0 93 
Gain on troubled debt restructuring0 258 
Other income307 59 
Total other income (expense)140 (1,694)
Loss before income taxes(8,043)(7,397)
Income tax benefit0 512 
Loss from continuing operations(8,043)(6,885)
Income from discontinuing operations, including a gain on disposal of business of $8,370 during the year ended December 31, 201942 177 
Net loss(8,001)(6,708)
Foreign currency translation loss(249)(34)
Comprehensive loss$(8,250)$(6,742)
Basic and diluted net loss per share from continuing operations$(3.18)$(3.57)
Basic and diluted net income per share from discontinuing operations0.02 0.09 
Basic and diluted net loss per share$(3.16)$(3.48)
Basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding2,532 1,928 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CANCER GENETICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
(in thousands)
 Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Accumulated
Deficit		Total
 SharesAmount
Balance, December 31, 2018924 $0 $164,458 $60 $(157,716)$6,802 
Stock based compensation—employees— — 370 — — 370 
Issuance of common stock with warrants for cash - 2019 Offerings, net of expenses and discounts952 — 5,412 — — 5,412 
Issuance of common stock - Iliad Research and Trading, L.P. conversions and exchanges225 — 962 — — 962 
Increase in fair value of embedded conversion option— — 547 — — 547 
Fractional shares settlement(2)— (5)— — (5)
Issuance of common stock to vendor5 — 39 — — 39 
Unrealized loss on foreign currency translation— — — (34)— (34)
Net loss— — — — (6,708)(6,708)
Balance, December 31, 20192,104 0 171,783 26 (164,424)7,385 
Stock based compensation—employees— — 173 — — 173 
Issuance of common stock—VentureEast settlement3 — 12 — — 12 
Fair value of common stock exchanged to settle note payable399 — 1,577 — — 1,577 
Issuance of common stock for cash net of offering costs1,618 — 3,074 — — 3,074 
Warrant exchange11 — 10 — — 10 
Oncospire retirement— — (1)— — (1)
Unrealized loss on foreign currency translation— — —��(249)— (249)
Net loss— — — — (8,001)(8,001)
Balance, December 31, 20204,135 $0 $176,628 $(223)$(172,425)$3,980 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CANCER GENETICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
 Years Ended December 31,
20202019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss$(8,001)$(6,708)
Income from discontinuing operations(42)(177)
Net loss from continuing operations(8,043)(6,885)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation166 159 
Amortization462 454 
Stock-based compensation179 263 
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets216 144 
Change in fair value of warrant liability, acquisition note payable and other derivatives(171)(160)
Amortization of discount of debt and debt issuance costs181 497 
Issuance of common stock to vendor0 39 
Interest added to Convertible Note0 268 
Change in fair value of siParadigm Earn-Out66 935 
Change in fair value of Excess Consideration note0 (93)
Gain on troubled debt restructuring0 (258)
Loss on extinguishment of debt119 256 
Goodwill impairment0 2,873 
Intangible asset impairment2,201 0 
Change in working capital components:
Accounts receivable(89)81 
Other current assets(40)(279)
Other non-current assets72 (2)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and deferred revenue(3)(1,342)
Obligations under operating leases(239)(189)
Due to Interpace Biosciences, Inc.15 0 
Net cash used in operating activities, continuing operations(4,908)(3,239)
Net cash used in operating activities, discontinuing operations(463)(5,421)
Net cash used in operating activities(5,371)(8,660)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of fixed assets(39)(28)
Distributions from Joint Venture36 0 
Receipts from Excess Consideration Note888 0 
Net cash used in investing activities, continuing operations885 (28)
Net cash provided by investing activities, discontinuing operations128 9,119 
Net cash provided by investing activities1,013 9,091 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Principal payments on obligations under finance leases(84)(72)
Proceeds from offerings of common stock, net of certain offering costs3,074 5,412 
Principal payments on Convertible Note0 (1,023)
Principal payments on Advance from NovellusDx, Ltd.(350)(892)
Fractional shares settlement paid in cash0 (5)
Net cash provided by financing activities, continuing operations2,640 3,420 
Net cash used in financing activities, discontinuing operations0 (115)
Net cash provided by financing activities2,640 3,305 
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash(68)(17)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash(1,786)3,719 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH
Beginning4,230 511 
Ending$2,444 $4,230 
RECONCILIATION OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED
CASH TO THE CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS:
Cash and cash equivalents$2,444 $3,880 
Restricted cash0 350 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH$2,444 $4,230 
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW DISCLOSURE
Cash paid for interest$11 $1,501 
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NONCASH
INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Common stock issued in VenturEast settlement$12 $0 
Fair value of common stock exchanged to settle Note Payable1,577 0 
Right of use asset obtained through operating leases27 0 
Issuance of common stock in exchange for warrants10 0 
Retirement of common stock - Oncospire1 0 
Lease remeasurement264 0 
Fixed assets acquired through finance lease arrangements17 145 
Conversion of debt and accrued interest into common stock0 350 
Increase in fair value of conversion option0 547 
Exchanges of principal on Convertible Note for common stock0 612 
Partial pay-off of Convertible Note through note payable to Atlas Sciences, LLC0 1,250 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CANCER GENETICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1. Organization, Description of Business, Reverse Stock Split, Business Disposals, Offerings and Merger

Cancer Genetics, Inc. (the "Company" or "CGI") supports the efforts of the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries to develop innovative new drug therapies. Currently, the Company has an extensive set of anti-tumor referenced data based on predictive xenograft and syngeneic tumor models to provide Discovery Services such as contract research services, focused primarily on unique specialized studies to guide drug discovery and development programs in the oncology and immuno-oncology fields.

We are currently executing a strategy of partnering with pharmaceutical and biotech companies and clinicians as oncology diagnostic specialists by supporting therapeutic discovery, development and patient care. Pharmaceutical and biotech companies are increasingly attracted to work with us to provide molecular profiles on clinical trial participants. Similarly, we believe the oncology industry is undergoing a rapid evolution in its approach to diagnostic, prognostic and treatment outcomes (theranostic) testing, embracing precision medicine and individualized testing as a means to drive higher standards of patient treatment and disease management. These profiles may help identify biomarker and genomic variations that may be responsible for differing responses to oncology therapies, thereby increasing the efficiency of trials while lowering costs. We believe tailored and combination therapies can revolutionize oncology care through molecular- and biomarker-based testing services, enabling physicians and researchers to target the factors that make each patient and disease unique.

We believe the next shift in cancer management will bring together testing capabilities for germline, or inherited mutations, and somatic mutations that arise in tissues over the course of a lifetime. We have created a unique position in the industry by providing both targeted somatic analysis of tumor sample cells alongside germline analysis of an individual's non-cancerous cells' molecular profile as we attempt to continue achieving milestones in precision medicine.

Our clinical offerings include our portfolio of proprietary tests targeting hematological, urogenital and HPV-associated cancers, in conjunction with ancillary non-proprietary tests. Our proprietary tests target cancers that are difficult to prognose and predict treatment outcomes through currently available mainstream techniques. We provide our proprietary tests and services, along with a comprehensive range of non-proprietary oncology-focused tests and laboratory services, to oncologists and pathologists at hospitals, cancer centers, and physician offices, as well as biotech and pharmaceutical companies to support their clinical trials. Our proprietary tests are based principally on our expertise in specific cancer types, test development methodologies and proprietary algorithms correlating genetic events with disease specific information. Our portfolio primarily includes comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) microarrays and next generation sequencing (NGS) panels, gene expression tests, and DNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probes.

The non-proprietary testing services we offer are focused in part on specific oncology categories where we are developing our proprietary tests. We believe that there is significant synergy in developing and marketing a complete set of tests and services that are disease focused and delivering those tests and services in a comprehensive manner to help with treatment decisions. The insight that we develop in delivering the non-proprietary services are often leveraged in the development of our proprietary programs and now increasingly in the validation of our proprietary programs, such as MatBA and Focus::NGS.

Net cash used in operating activities was $12.6 million and $13.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and the Company had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $0.2 million at December 31, 2018, a reduction from $9.5 million at December 31, 2017. The Company has negative working capital at December 31, 2018 of $17.9 million.


The Company currently requireswas incorporated in the State of Delaware on April 8, 1999 and has laboratories in Pennsylvania and Australia. The Company’s corporate headquarters are in Rutherford, New Jersey. The Company offers preclinical services such as predictive tumor models, human orthotopic xenografts and syngeneic immuno-oncology relevant tumor models in its Hershey PA facility, and is a significant amountleader in the field of additional capital to fund operationsimmuno-oncology preclinical services in the United States. This service is supplemented with GLP toxicology and payextended bioanalytical services in its accounts payable, and its ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to raise such additional capital and achieve profitability. IfAustralian-based facilities in Clayton, Victoria. Beginning in February 2020, the Company is not able to raise such additional capital on a timely basis or on favorable terms, the Company may need to scale back or,also has an animal testing facility and laboratory in extreme cases, discontinue its operations or liquidate its assets.Gilles Plains, South Australia, Australia.


While we have implemented an aggressive consolidation strategy to reduce our operating costs in 2018, including the closure of our California laboratory and facility, we expect to continue to incur material losses for the near future. We incurred losses of $20.4 million and $20.9 million for fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, we had an accumulated deficit of $157.7 million. We need to raise additional capital or execute on our plans to execute a strategic transaction. The report of our independent registered public accounting firm with respect to our financial statements appearing in Part II Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K contains an explanatory paragraph stating that our operating losses and negative cash flows from operations, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. There can be no assurance that additional capital will be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all, or that we will complete a strategic transaction. In addition, we are in default of certain financial covenants in our credit agreements with our senior lenders and our ABL matures on April 15, 2019. While we have negotiated forbearance agreements with both lenders through April 15, 2019, we will not be able to close on a strategic transaction on or before April 15, 2019, and there is no assurance that will be able to extend the forbearance periods or the term of the ABL.

Sale of India Subsidiary

On April 26, 2018, we sold our India subsidiary, BioServe Biotechnologies (India) Private Limited (“BioServe”) to Reprocell, Inc., for $1.9 million, including $1.6 million in cash at closing and up to an additional $0.3 million, which was contingent upon the India subsidiary meeting a specified revenue target through August 31, 2018. The contingent consideration was reduced to $0.2 million and received in November 2018. As a result of this transaction, we recognized a loss of approximately $0.1 million on the disposal of BioServe, which is included in other income (expense) in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

Restructuring

In 2018, the Company adopted a plan to migrate its California operations to its New Jersey and North Carolina locations and to permanently close its California laboratory. The Company incurred approximately $2.3 million of restructuring costs during the year ended December 31, 2018 as the result of this consolidation of our operations.

Merger AgreementIncome Taxes


On September 18, 2018, we entered into an agreement and plan of merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with NovellusDx, Ltd., a privately-held company formed underOver the law ofpast several years the State of Israel (“NDX”),Company has generated operating losses in regardsall jurisdictions in which it may be subject to Wogolos Ltd., our wholly-owned subsidiary company formed under the laws of the State of Israel. Subject to satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, Wogolos Ltd. would have merged with and into NDX, with NDX becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of us and the surviving company. In connection with the signing of the Merger Agreement, we entered into a credit agreement with NDX, pursuant to which NDX loaned us $1.5 million (“Advance from NDX”).

On December 15, 2018, we terminated the Merger Agreement.income taxes. As a result, the AdvanceCompany has accumulated significant net operating losses and other deferred tax assets. Because of the Company's history of losses and the uncertainty as to the realization of those deferred tax assets, a full valuation allowance has been recognized. The Company does not expect to report a benefit related to the deferred tax assets until it has a history of earnings, if ever, that would support the realization of its deferred tax assets.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Since inception, the Company has not engaged in any off-balance sheet activities as defined in Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgment and Estimates

The Company's management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on its consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, the Company
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evaluates its estimates based on historical experience and makes various assumptions, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, which form the basis for judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from NDX, plus interest thereon, became dueother sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

The notes to the Company's audited consolidated financial statements contain a summary of its significant accounting policies. Management considers the following accounting policies critical to the understanding of the results of the Company's operations:
•Revenue recognition;
•Accounts receivable and payable on March 15, 2019. In addition,bad debts;
•Warrant liabilities and other derivatives;
•Stock-based compensation;
•Income taxes; and
•Impairment of intangibles and long-lived assets.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The notes to the interestCompany's audited consolidated financial statements contain a summary of recent accounting pronouncements.

Item 7A.Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The Company has exposure to financial market risks, including changes in foreign currency exchange rates, and risk associated with how it invests its cash.

Foreign Exchange Risk

The Company conducts business in foreign markets through its subsidiary in Australia (vivoPharm Pty Ltd.). For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, approximately 39% and 20%, respectively, of the Company's continuing revenues were earned outside the United States and collected in local currency. The Company is subject to risk for exchange rate was increased beginning onfluctuations between such local currencies and the United States dollar and the subsequent translation of the Australia Dollar or Euro to United States dollars. The Company currently does not hedge currency risk. The translation adjustments for the years ended December 15, 2018 to 21%31, 2020 and 2019 were not significant.

Investment of Cash

The Company invests its cash primarily in money market funds. Because of the short-term nature of these investments, the Company does not believe it has material exposure due to market risk. The impact to the Company's financial position and results of operations from likely changes in interest rates is not material.

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Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Cancer Genetics, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Financial Report December 31, 2020
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50
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of
Cancer Genetics, Inc.


Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cancer Genetics, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an eventopinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of default.the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The default also gives NDX the rightCompany is not required to convert all,have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not less than all,for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the outstanding balance into sharesCompany's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the Company’s common stock atfinancial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a conversion price of $0.606 per share.

Acquisition

On August 15, 2017, we purchased alltest basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the outstanding stock of vivoPharm, with its principal place of business in Victoria, Australia, in a transaction valued at approximately $1.6 million in cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, valued at $8.1 million based on the closing price of the stock on August 15, 2017.

Key Factors Affecting our Results of Operations and Financial Condition

Our overall long-term growth plan is predicated on our ability to develop or acquire technology solutions to accelerate the penetration into the Biopharma community to achieve more revenue supporting clinical trials and develop and commercialize unique or proprietary services and tests to achieve sustainable organic growth. Our unique and proprietary tests include CGH microarrays, NGS panels, and DNA FISH probes. We continue to develop additional unique and proprietary tests. To facilitate market adoption of our proprietary tests, we anticipate having to successfully complete additional studies with clinical samples and publish our results in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Our ability to complete such studies is dependent upon our ability to leverage our collaborative relationships with leading institutions to facilitate our research and obtain data for our quality assurance and test validation efforts.

financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the factorscurrent period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

As discussed in Note 2 to the following paragraphs have had and areconsolidated financial statements, the Company has determined that revenue is recorded at the amount expected to continue to have a material impact on our results of operations and financial condition.

Revenues

Our revenue is generated through our Biopharma Services, Discovery Services and Clinical Services. Biopharma Servicesbe collected. The Company’s performance obligations are billedspecific to the customer directly. While we have agreements with our Biopharma clients, volumes from these clients are subject toservices included within each revenue contract which requires subjective judgment regarding the progression and continuationsatisfaction of the clinical trials which can impact testing volume. We also deriveperformance obligation criteria for revenue from Discovery Services, whichrecognition. Performance obligations are services provided in the development of new testing assayssatisfied over time and methods and include pre-clinical toxicology and efficacy studies. Discovery Services are billed directlyas study data is transmitted to the customer. Our ClinicalRevenue from the Company's Discovery Services can be billedis recognized using the time elapsed method and at a point in time as the Company delivers study results to Medicare, another third party insurer or the referring community hospital or other healthcare facility, or patients in accordance with state and federal law.

customers. We have historically derived a significant portionidentified management’s determination of our revenue from a limited number of test ordering sites, althoughwhen the test ordering sites that generate a significant portion of our revenue have changed from period to period. Test ordering sites account for all of our Clinical Services revenue along with a portionsatisfaction of the Biopharma Services revenue. Our test ordering sites are hospitals, cancer centers, reference laboratories, physician offices, and pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Oncologists and pathologists at these sites orderperformance obligation was met on the tests on behalf of their oncology patients orcontracts as part of a clinical trial sponsored by a pharmaceutical or biotechnology company in whichcritical audit matter.

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included the patient is being enrolled.following:
During
•Tested the year ended December 31, 2018, no Biopharma clients accounted for more than 10% of our revenue. During the year ended December 31, 2017, one Biopharma client accounted for approximately 11% of our revenue.

We receive revenue for our Clinical Services from Medicare, other insurance carriers and other healthcare facilities. Some of our customers choose, generally at the beginning of our relationship, to pay for laboratory services directly as opposed to having patients (or their insurers) pay for those services and providing us with the patients’ insurance information. A hospital may elect to be a direct bill customer and pay our bills directly, or may provide us with patient information so that their patients pay our bills, in which case we generally expect payment from their private insurance carrier or Medicare. In a few instances, we have arrangements where a hospital may have two accounts with us, so that certain tests are billed directly to the hospital, and certain tests are billed to and paid by a patient’s insurer. The billing arrangements generally are dictated by our customers and in accordance with state and federal law. For the year ended December 31, 2018, Medicare and other third party payors accounted for approximately 8% and 19% of our total revenue, respectively.

Cost of Revenues

Our cost of revenues consists principally of internal personnel costs, including non-cash stock-based compensation, laboratory consumables, shipping costs, overhead and other direct expenses, such as specimen procurement and third party validation studies. We are pursuing various strategies to reduce and control our cost of revenues, including automating our processes through more efficient technology and attempting to negotiate improved terms with our suppliers. In 2017, we purchased allcompleteness of the outstanding stockcontracts’ population as of vivoPharm. Overall, we have made significant progress with integrating our resources and services and leveraging enterprise wide purchasing power to gain supplier discounts, in an effort to reduce costs. We will continue to assess other possible advantages to help us improve our cost structure, including other consolidations of operations and further reductions in headcount.

Operating Expenses

We classify our operating expenses into five categories: research and development, sales and marketing, general and administrative; restructuring costs and merger costs. Our operating expenses principally consist of personnel costs, including

non-cash stock-based compensation, outside services, laboratory consumables and overhead, development costs, marketing program costs and legal and accounting fees.

Research and Development Expenses. We incur research and development expenses principally in connection with our efforts to develop our proprietary tests. Our primary research and development expenses consist of direct personnel costs, laboratory equipment and consumables and overhead expenses. All research and development expenses are charged to operations in the periods they are incurred.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses consist principally of personnel-related expenses, professional fees, such as legal, accounting and business consultants, occupancy costs, bad debt and other general expenses. We have incurred increases in our general and administrative expenses and anticipate only modest increases as we expand our business operations.

Sales and Marketing Expenses. Our sales and marketing expenses consist principally of personnel and related overhead costs for our sales team and their support personnel, travel and entertainment expenses, and other selling costs including sales collaterals and trade shows. We expect our sales and marketing expenses to decrease as we expand into existing geographies and customize clinical tests and services.

Restructuring Costs. In alignment with our strategic plan to migrate our California operations to our New Jersey and North Carolina locations and to permanently close our California laboratory, we experienced various expenses associated with exiting a facility, transition of lab equipment and supplies, disposal of assets and termination benefits associated with displaced employees. We consider this expense to be one time in nature and subject to board approved strategic initiatives.

Merger Costs. In the pursuit of various strategic options for the Company, legal and other professional costs are incurred while evaluating, negotiating, executing and implementing merger and acquisition alternatives. While this expense is a non-recurring cost, until such time as we complete a strategic transaction, we expect to incur these expenses in the near term.

Seasonality

Our business experiences decreased demand during spring vacation season, summer months and the December holiday season when patients are less likely to visit their health care providers. We expect this trend in seasonality to continue for the foreseeable future.

Results of Operations

Years Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

The following table sets forth certain information concerning our results of operations for the periods shown:

year-end;
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  Year Ended December 31, Change
  2018 2017 $ %
(dollars in thousands)        
Revenue $27,470
 $29,121
 $(1,651) -6 %
Cost of revenues 18,724
 18,070
 654
 4 %
Research and development expenses 2,488
 4,789
 (2,301) -48 %
General and administrative expenses 19,184
 19,894
 (710) -4 %
Sales and marketing expenses 5,268
 4,990
 278
 6 %
Restructuring costs 2,320
 —
 2,320
 N/A
Merger costs 1,464
 —
 1,464
 N/A
Total operating loss (21,978) (18,622) (3,356) 18 %
Interest (expense), net (2,099) (2,065) (34) 2 %
Change in fair value of warrant liability 3,732
 (1,964) 5,696
 -290 %
Change in fair value of other derivatives (86) —
 (86) N/A
Change in fair value of acquisition note payable 136
 (42) 178
 -424 %
Other expense (78) (266) 188
 -71 %
Loss before income taxes (20,373) (22,959) 2,586
 -11 %
Income tax (benefit) —
 (2,079) 2,079
 N/A
Net loss $(20,373) $(20,880) $507
 -2 %

Non-GAAP Financial Information

In addition to disclosing financial results in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), the table below contains non-GAAP financial measures that we believe are helpful in understanding and comparing our past financial performance and our future results. The non-GAAP financial measures disclosed by the Company exclude the non- operating changes in the fair value of derivative instruments. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, and the financial results calculated in accordance with GAAP and reconciliations from these results should be carefully evaluated. Management believes that these non-GAAP measures provide useful information about the Company’s core operating results and thus are appropriate to enhance the overall•Obtained an understanding of the Company’s past financialrevenue recognition process, including processes over the determination of performance obligations for contract arrangements;
•Read the contracts to obtain an understanding of the contractual requirements and its prospectsdeliverables;
•Bifurcated the population of total contracts and performed additional audit procedures for open contracts; and
•Inspected correspondence between the future. The non-GAAP financial measures in the table below include adjusted net (loss)Company and the related adjusted basiccustomer regarding actual and diluted net (loss) per share amounts.expected contract performance to date and compared to the estimate to complete its performance obligations.


Reconciliation from GAAP
/s/ Marcum LLP

Marcum LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.

Houston, Texas
March 31, 2021






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CANCER GENETICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except par value)
50
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 December 31,
 20202019
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents$2,444 $3,880 
Restricted cash0 350 
Accounts receivable779 696 
Earn-Out from siParadigm, current portion91 747 
Excess Consideration Note0 888 
Patent held for sale156 0 
Other current assets637 546 
Current assets of discontinuing operations0 71 
Total current assets4,107 7,178 
FIXED ASSETS, net of accumulated depreciation448 558 
OTHER ASSETS
Operating lease right-of-use assets248 94 
Earn-Out from siParadigm, less current portion0 356 
Patents and other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization0 2,895 
Investment in joint venture0 92 
Goodwill2,977 3,090 
Other568 641 
Total other assets3,793 7,168 
Total Assets$8,348 $14,904 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued expenses$2,333 $2,072 
Obligations under operating leases, current portion223 193 
Obligations under finance leases, current portion35 68 
Deferred revenue1,013 1,217 
Note payable, net0 1,277 
Advance from NovellusDx, Ltd., net0 350 
Advance from siParadigm, current portion0 566 
Current liabilities of discontinuing operations659 1,229 
Total current liabilities4,263 6,972 
Obligations under operating leases, less current portion32 10 
Obligations under finance leases, less current portion72 107 
Advance from siParadigm, less current portion0 252 
Warrant liability1 178 
Total Liabilities4,368 7,519 
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock, authorized 9,764 shares $0.0001 par value, NaN issued0 0 
Common stock, authorized 100,000 shares, $0.0001 par value, 4,135 and 2,104 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively0 0 
Additional paid-in capital176,628 171,783 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(223)26 
Accumulated deficit(172,425)(164,424)
Total Stockholders’ Equity3,980 7,385 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity$8,348 $14,904 

See Notes to Non-GAAP Results (inConsolidated Financial Statements.
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CANCER GENETICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss
(in thousands, except per share amounts):
 Years Ended December 31,
 20202019
Revenue$5,751 $7,305 
Cost of revenues3,353 3,701 
Gross profit2,398 3,604 
Operating expenses:
General and administrative6,595 5,171 
Sales and marketing1,246 1,146 
Impairment of goodwill0 2,873 
Impairment of intangible assets2,201 0 
Merger costs539 117 
Total operating expenses10,581 9,307 
Loss from continuing operations(8,183)(5,703)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense(272)(1,437)
Interest income0 108 
Change in fair value of acquisition note payable4 4 
Change in fair value of other derivatives0 86 
Change in fair value of warrant liability167 70 
Change in fair value of siParadigm Earn-Out(66)(935)
Change in fair value of Excess Consideration Note0 93 
Gain on troubled debt restructuring0 258 
Other income307 59 
Total other income (expense)140 (1,694)
Loss before income taxes(8,043)(7,397)
Income tax benefit0 512 
Loss from continuing operations(8,043)(6,885)
Income from discontinuing operations, including a gain on disposal of business of $8,370 during the year ended December 31, 201942 177 
Net loss(8,001)(6,708)
Foreign currency translation loss(249)(34)
Comprehensive loss$(8,250)$(6,742)
Basic and diluted net loss per share from continuing operations$(3.18)$(3.57)
Basic and diluted net income per share from discontinuing operations0.02 0.09 
Basic and diluted net loss per share$(3.16)$(3.48)
Basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding2,532 1,928 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
52
  Year Ended December 31,
  2018 2017
Reconciliation of net (loss):    
Net (loss) $(20,373) $(20,880)
Adjustments:    
Change in fair value of acquisition note payable (136) 42
Change in fair value of other derivatives 86
 —
Change in fair value of warrant liability (3,732) 1,964
Adjusted net (loss) $(24,155) $(18,874)
Reconciliation of basic and diluted net (loss) per share:    
Basic and diluted net (loss) per share $(0.75) $(1.01)
Adjustments to net (loss) (0.14) 0.10
Adjusted basic and diluted net (loss) per share $(0.89) $(0.91)
Basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding 27,291
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CANCER GENETICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


Adjusted net (loss) increased 28% to $24.2 million during the year endedConsolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
Years Ended December 31, 2018, from2020 and 2019
(in thousands)
 Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Accumulated
Deficit		Total
 SharesAmount
Balance, December 31, 2018924 $0 $164,458 $60 $(157,716)$6,802 
Stock based compensation—employees— — 370 — — 370 
Issuance of common stock with warrants for cash - 2019 Offerings, net of expenses and discounts952 — 5,412 — — 5,412 
Issuance of common stock - Iliad Research and Trading, L.P. conversions and exchanges225 — 962 — — 962 
Increase in fair value of embedded conversion option— — 547 — — 547 
Fractional shares settlement(2)— (5)— — (5)
Issuance of common stock to vendor5 — 39 — — 39 
Unrealized loss on foreign currency translation— — — (34)— (34)
Net loss— — — — (6,708)(6,708)
Balance, December 31, 20192,104 0 171,783 26 (164,424)7,385 
Stock based compensation—employees— — 173 — — 173 
Issuance of common stock—VentureEast settlement3 — 12 — — 12 
Fair value of common stock exchanged to settle note payable399 — 1,577 — — 1,577 
Issuance of common stock for cash net of offering costs1,618 — 3,074 — — 3,074 
Warrant exchange11 — 10 — — 10 
Oncospire retirement— — (1)— — (1)
Unrealized loss on foreign currency translation— — —��(249)— (249)
Net loss— — — — (8,001)(8,001)
Balance, December 31, 20204,135 $0 $176,628 $(223)$(172,425)$3,980 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
 Years Ended December 31,
20202019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss$(8,001)$(6,708)
Income from discontinuing operations(42)(177)
Net loss from continuing operations(8,043)(6,885)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation166 159 
Amortization462 454 
Stock-based compensation179 263 
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets216 144 
Change in fair value of warrant liability, acquisition note payable and other derivatives(171)(160)
Amortization of discount of debt and debt issuance costs181 497 
Issuance of common stock to vendor0 39 
Interest added to Convertible Note0 268 
Change in fair value of siParadigm Earn-Out66 935 
Change in fair value of Excess Consideration note0 (93)
Gain on troubled debt restructuring0 (258)
Loss on extinguishment of debt119 256 
Goodwill impairment0 2,873 
Intangible asset impairment2,201 0 
Change in working capital components:
Accounts receivable(89)81 
Other current assets(40)(279)
Other non-current assets72 (2)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and deferred revenue(3)(1,342)
Obligations under operating leases(239)(189)
Due to Interpace Biosciences, Inc.15 0 
Net cash used in operating activities, continuing operations(4,908)(3,239)
Net cash used in operating activities, discontinuing operations(463)(5,421)
Net cash used in operating activities(5,371)(8,660)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of fixed assets(39)(28)
Distributions from Joint Venture36 0 
Receipts from Excess Consideration Note888 0 
Net cash used in investing activities, continuing operations885 (28)
Net cash provided by investing activities, discontinuing operations128 9,119 
Net cash provided by investing activities1,013 9,091 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Principal payments on obligations under finance leases(84)(72)
Proceeds from offerings of common stock, net of certain offering costs3,074 5,412 
Principal payments on Convertible Note0 (1,023)
Principal payments on Advance from NovellusDx, Ltd.(350)(892)
Fractional shares settlement paid in cash0 (5)
Net cash provided by financing activities, continuing operations2,640 3,420 
Net cash used in financing activities, discontinuing operations0 (115)
Net cash provided by financing activities2,640 3,305 
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash(68)(17)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash(1,786)3,719 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH
Beginning4,230 511 
Ending$2,444 $4,230 
RECONCILIATION OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED
CASH TO THE CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS:
Cash and cash equivalents$2,444 $3,880 
Restricted cash0 350 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH$2,444 $4,230 
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW DISCLOSURE
Cash paid for interest$11 $1,501 
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NONCASH
INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Common stock issued in VenturEast settlement$12 $0 
Fair value of common stock exchanged to settle Note Payable1,577 0 
Right of use asset obtained through operating leases27 0 
Issuance of common stock in exchange for warrants10 0 
Retirement of common stock - Oncospire1 0 
Lease remeasurement264 0 
Fixed assets acquired through finance lease arrangements17 145 
Conversion of debt and accrued interest into common stock0 350 
Increase in fair value of conversion option0 547 
Exchanges of principal on Convertible Note for common stock0 612 
Partial pay-off of Convertible Note through note payable to Atlas Sciences, LLC0 1,250 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CANCER GENETICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1. Organization, Description of Business, Reverse Stock Split, Business Disposals, Offerings and Merger

Cancer Genetics, Inc. (the "Company" or "CGI") supports the efforts of the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries to develop innovative new drug therapies. Currently, the Company has an adjusted net (loss)extensive set of $18.9 million duringanti-tumor referenced data based on predictive xenograft and syngeneic tumor models to provide Discovery Services such as contract research services, focused primarily on unique specialized studies to guide drug discovery and development programs in the year ended December 31, 2017. Adjusted basiconcology and diluted net (loss) per share decreased 2% to $0.89 during the year ended December 31, 2018, down from $0.91 during the year ended December 31, 2017.immuno-oncology fields.

Revenue


The breakdown of our revenue is as follows:
 Year Ended December 31, Change
 2018 2017    
(dollars in thousands)$ % $ % $ %
Biopharma Services14,828
 54% 14,629
 50% 199
 1 %
Clinical Services7,429
 27% 10,774
 37% (3,345) (31)%
Discovery Services5,213
 19% 3,718
 13% 1,495
 40 %
Total Revenue27,470
 100% 29,121
 100% (1,651) (6)%

Revenue decreased 6%, or $1.7 million, to $27.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, from $29.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, principally due to lower realization on third party and direct billings in our Clinical Services and the effects of the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard, which is directly the result of actual cash collection trends, offset in part by an increase in our Discovery Services.

Revenue from Biopharma Services increased 1%, or $0.2 million, to $14.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, from $14.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, principally due to the variability of timing related to project start dates and patient recruitment into clinical trials by our customers. Revenue from Clinical Services customers decreased 31%, or $3.3 million, to $7.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, from $10.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, principally due to lower realization on third party and direct billings and the effects of the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard. Revenue from Discovery Services increased $1.5 million, to $5.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, from $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 due to a full year of operations at vivoPharm, whichCompany was acquired in August 2017.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues increased 4%, or $0.7 million, to $18.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, from $18.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, principally due to increased shipping and payroll costs of $1.0 million and $1.1 million, respectively, as a result of a full year of operations at vivoPharm, offset, in part, by a decrease in lab supplies of $1.2 million and a decrease of $0.4 million in depreciation and amortization. Gross margin declined from 38% to 32% during the year ended December 31, 2018. The decline in gross margin was caused by the challenges of cash collections in our clinical services business, which reduced our recorded revenueincorporated in the period. In addition, we recognized an outState of measurement period adjustment associated with the vivoPharm acquisitionDelaware on April 8, 1999 and has laboratories in Pennsylvania and Australia. The Company’s corporate headquarters are in Rutherford, New Jersey. The Company offers preclinical services such as predictive tumor models, human orthotopic xenografts and syngeneic immuno-oncology relevant tumor models in its Hershey PA facility, and is a corresponding change in estimate of the contract obligations for the remaining portfolio of contracts.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses decreased 48%, or $2.3 million, to $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, from $4.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The decrease relates primarily to reduced payroll and benefits costs of $1.7 million and decreased lab supplies of $0.6 million.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased 4%, or $0.7 million to $19.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, from $19.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The decrease primarily relates to a decline in our bad debt expense of $2.8 million due to the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard, which requires implicit price concessions to be recorded as a reduction of revenue, and large write-offs of Clinical Services revenue in 2017 related to challenges faced at our California location during the period October 2015 through December 2017. We also reduced our legal and accounting costs by $0.5 million, travel costs by $0.2 million and office supplies by $0.1 million due to expense control measures and optimizing use of legal counsel. These reductions were partially offset by an increase in professional services of $0.7 million, an increase in medical billings expense of $0.5 million, an increase in payroll and other benefits of $0.6 million, an increase in depreciation and amortization of $0.2 million due to a full year of operations at

vivoPharm, an increase in business licenses of $0.2 million, an increase in taxes of $0.3 million and an increase in software and maintenance of $0.2 million.

Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses increased 6%, or $0.3 million, to $5.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, from $5.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, principally due to increased compensation and related benefits of $0.2 million due to the effect of a full year of operating expenses related to the vivoPharm acquisition and increased rent expense of $0.1 million.

Restructuring Costs: Restructuring costs of $2.3 million were incurred during the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily associated with the closure of the California laboratory and operations.

Merger Costs. Merger costs of $1.5 million were incurred during the year ended December 31, 2018, principally due to the evaluation and pursuit of strategic options, including the terminated merger with NDX.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net remained consistent during the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2017.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability

Changes in fair value of some of our common stock warrants may impact our results.  Accounting rules require us to record certain of our warrants as a liability, measure the fair value of these warrants each quarter and record changes in that value in earnings. We recognized non-cash income of $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to non-cash expense of $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, as a result of fluctuations in our stock price. In the future, if our stock price increases, we would record a non-cash charge as a result of changesleader in the fair valuefield of our common stock warrants. Consequently, we may be exposed to non-cash charges, or we may record non-cash income, as a result of this warrant exposureimmuno-oncology preclinical services in future periods.the United States. This service is supplemented with GLP toxicology and extended bioanalytical services in its Australian-based facilities in Clayton, Victoria. Beginning in February 2020, the Company also has an animal testing facility and laboratory in Gilles Plains, South Australia, Australia.


Change in Fair Value of Other Derivatives

The change in fair value of other derivatives resulted in $0.1 million of non-cash expense due to provisions in our convertible note and Advance from NDX agreements that qualify as derivatives. We considered the probabilities of the occurrence or non-occurrence of various scenarios, as well as any potential changes in interest rates, in determining the valuation of these derivatives.

Change in Fair Value of Acquisition Note Payable

The change in fair value of the acquisition note payable resulted in $0.1 million in non-cash income for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to non-cash expense $42,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as a result of fluctuations in our stock price.

Other Expense

During the year ended December 31, 2018, we recognized a loss on the sale of our India subsidiary of approximately $0.1 million. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we incurred $0.3 million of aggregate expense resulting from the issuance of derivative warrants as part of a debt refinancing and the 2017 Offering (as defined below).

Income Taxes

During 2017, we received approximately $2.1 million of net proceeds from the sale of state NOL’s and state research and development credits. No NOL’s or research and development tax credits were sold during the year ended December 31, 2018. However, we received $0.5 million of net proceeds from the sale of state NOL’s and state research and development credits on April 12, 2019.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity


Our primary sources of liquidity have been funds generated from our debt financings and equity financings. In addition, we have generated funds from the following sources: (i) cash collections from customers and (ii) cash received from sale of state NOL’s. On April 26, 2018, we sold our India subsidiary for $1.9 million, including $1.6 million in cash at closing and up to an additional $0.3 million, which was contingent upon the India subsidiary meeting a specified revenue target through August 31, 2018. The contingent consideration was reduced to $0.2 million and received in November 2018. In general, our primary uses of cash are providing for operating expenses, working capital purposes and servicing debt.

Line of Credit and Term Note

On March 22, 2017, we entered into a two year asset-based revolving line of credit agreement with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”). The SVB credit facility provided for an asset-based line of credit (“ABL”) for an amount not to exceed the lesser of (a) $6.0 million or (b) an amount equal to 80% of eligible accounts receivable plus the lesser of 50% of the net collectible value of third party accounts receivable or three times the average monthly collection amount of third party accounts receivable over the previous quarter. The ABL required monthly interest payments at the Wall Street Journal prime rate plus 1.5% (7.0% at December 31, 2018) and was scheduled to mature on March 22, 2019. We pay a fee of 0.25% per year on the average unused portion of the ABL. In August 2018, the maximum borrowings were reduced from $6.0 million to $3.0 million. Subsequent to year-end, the interest rate was adjusted to the Wall Street Journal prime rate plus 2.25% and the maturity date was extended through April 15, 2019, subject to the Company satisfying certain milestones of the forbearance agreement discussed below. At December 31, 2018, we had borrowed $2.6 million on the ABL, which was the maximum amount allowed based on eligible accounts receivable at the time and timing related to cash collections of accounts receivable.

On March 22, 2017, we concurrently entered into a three year $6.0 million term loan agreement (“PFG Term Note”) with Partners for Growth IV, L.P. (“PFG”). The PFG Term Note is an interest only loan with the full principal and any outstanding interest due at maturity on March 22, 2020. Interest is payable monthly at a rate of 11.5% per annum. At December 31, 2018, the PFG Term Note had a principal balance of $6.0 million.

Both loan agreements require us to comply with certain financial covenants, including minimum adjusted EBITDA, revenue and liquidity covenants, and restrict us from, among other things, paying cash dividends, incurring debt and entering into certain transactions without the prior consent of the lenders. Repayment of amounts borrowed under the loan agreements may be accelerated if an event of default occurs, which includes, among other things, a violation of such financial covenants and negative covenants. As of December 31, 2018, January 31, 2019, February 28, 2019 and March 31, 2019, we were in violation of certain financial covenants in the loan agreements. In January 2019, we entered into forbearance agreements with both lenders that, among other things, (i) require us to comply with certain milestones in connection with a potential strategic transaction satisfactory to PFG and SVB with an anticipated closing date of on or before April 15, 2019 (the “Milestones”), (ii) provide for PFG and SVB’s forbearance of their respective rights and remedies resulting from existing and stated potential events of default under the PFG Term Note and ABL until the earlier of (a) the occurrence of an additional event of default or (b) February 15, 2019; provided such date shall be automatically extended to (1) February 28, 2019 and then to (2) April 15, 2019 so long as we are in compliance with the Milestones required as of such dates and (iii) extend the maturity date of the ABL until April 15, 2019. The Company will not be able to close on a strategic transaction on or before April 15, 2019. No assurance can be given that the Company will be able to extend the maturity of the ABL beyond April 15, 2019 or extend the forbearances with SVB and PFG beyond April 15, 2019.

Convertible Debt

On July 17, 2018, the Company entered into a convertible note with Iliad Research and Trading, L.P. (“Iliad”), with an initial principal amount of $2.6 million (“Convertible Note”). The Convertible Note has an 18 month term and carries interest at 10% per annum. The note is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $0.80 per share upon 5 trading days’ notice, subject to certain adjustments (standard dilution) and ownership limitations specified in the Convertible Note.

Advance from NDX

On September 18, 2018, NDX loaned us $1.5 million. The Advance from NDX bears interest at 10.75% and is payable on March 15, 2019. The interest rate was increased to 21% on December 15, 2018 due to the termination of the Merger Agreement, which was an event of default. The default also gives NDX the right to convert all, but not less than all, of the outstanding balance into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $0.606 per share.

2019 Offerings


On January 9, 2019, we entered into an underwriting agreement with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“H.C. Wainwright”), relating to an underwritten public offering of 13,333,334 shares of our common stock for $0.225 per share. We received proceeds from the offering of approximately $2.4 million, net of expenses and discounts of approximately $0.6 million. We also issued warrants to purchase 933,334 shares of common stock to H.C. Wainwright in connection with this offering. The warrants are exercisable for five years from the date of issuance at a per share price of $0.2475.

On January 26, 2019, we issued 15,217,392 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $0.23 per share. We received proceeds from the offering of approximately $3.0 million, net of expenses and discounts of approximately $0.5 million. We also issued warrants to purchase 1,065,217 shares of common stock to the underwriter, H.C. Wainwright, in connection with this offering. The warrants are exercisable for five years from the date of issuance at a per share price of $0.253.

2017 Offering

On December 8, 2017, we sold 3,500,000 shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase 3,500,000 shares of common stock in a public offering (“2017 Offering”). The offering resulted in gross proceeds of $7.0 million. The 2017 Offering warrants have an exercise price of $2.35 per share of common stock. In addition, we issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 175,000 shares of common stock at $2.50 per share to the placement agent. Subject to certain ownership limitations, these warrants were initially exercisable 6 months from the issuance date and are exercisable for 12 months from the initial exercise date.

Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Aspire Capital

On August 14, 2017, we entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Aspire Capital Fund, LLC, an Illinois limited liability company (“Aspire Capital”), which provides that Aspire Capital is committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $16 million of our common stock (the “Purchase Shares”) from time to time over the 24-month term of the Purchase Agreement. Aspire Capital made an initial purchase of 1,000,000 Purchase Shares (the “Initial Purchase”) at a purchase price of $3.00 per share on the commencement date of the agreement.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company has sold 1,000,000 shares under this agreement at $3.00 per share, resulting in proceeds of approximately $3.0 million, net of offering costs of approximately $35,000. The Company has also issued 320,000 shares as consideration for entering into the Purchase Agreement. The Company has not deferred any offering costs associated with this agreement. Due to the price of the Company’s stock being lower than the $3.00 per share, the Company does not expect to sell more shares under the Purchase Agreement in the foreseeable future.

Cash Flows

Our net cash flow from operating, investing and financing activities for the periods below were as follows:
  Year Ended December 31,
  2018 2017
(in thousands)    
Cash provided by (used in):    
Operating activities $(12,552) $(13,564)
Investing activities 1,084
 (2,701)
Financing activities 2,147
 16,338
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash (59) 16
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash $(9,380) $89

We had cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash of $0.5 million and $9.9 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The $9.4 million decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash was principally the result of $12.6 million of net cash used to fund operations and $1.5 million used to repay debt. These uses were offset by net proceeds of $2.5 million and $1.5 million received from Iliad and NDX, respectively, and net proceeds of $1.8 million received from the sale of our India subsidiary.


The primary uses of cash during 2017 include $13.6 million of net cash used to fund operations, $1.3 million of net cash used to invest in fixed assets, $1.1 million of net cash used to acquire vivoPharm and $4.7 million used to repay debt. These uses were offset by $6.6 million of net proceeds from the 2017 Offering, $3.0 million of net proceeds from Aspire Capital stock purchases, $1.8 million of proceeds from warrant exercises and $10.1 million in aggregate borrowings from our PFG Term Note and the ABL.

Cash Used in Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $12.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. We used $17.6 million in net cash to run our core operations, including losses from operations and $1.3 million in cash paid for interest. These uses were partially offset by a net decrease in accounts receivable of $1.0 million, a net increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and deferred revenue of $3.8 million and a net decrease in other current assets of $0.3 million.

Net cash used in operating activities was $13.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. We used $8.1 million in net cash to run our core operations, including losses from operations and $0.9 million in cash paid for interest. We incurred additional uses of cash when adjusting for working capital items as follows: a net increase in accounts receivable of $3.6 million, a net increase in other current assets of $0.2 million, a net decrease in accounts payable, accrued expenses and deferred revenue of $1.5 million and a net decrease in deferred rent and other of $0.2 million.

Cash Used in Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. During 2018, we received net proceeds of $1.8 million from the sale of our India subsidiary. These proceeds were partially offset by $0.7 million of fixed asset additions.

Net cash used in investing activities was $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 and principally resulted from the purchase of fixed assets for $1.3 million, net cash used in the acquisition of vivoPharm of $1.1 million, patent costs of $0.1 million, and $0.2 million used in a cost method investment.

Cash Used/Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and principally resulted from net proceeds received from the Convertible Note of $2.5 million and proceeds received from NDX of $1.5 million, offset, in part, by net repayments on our ABL of $1.5 million and capital lease payments of $0.3 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $16.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 and principally resulted from the 2017 Offering, which resulted in $6.6 million in net proceeds, aggregate borrowings on our PFG Term Note and ABL of $10.1 million, proceeds from warrant exercises of $1.8 million and net proceeds from Aspire Capital stock proceeds of $3.0 million, offset by the repayment of $4.7 million in indebtedness, debt issuances costs of $0.3 million and capital lease payments of $0.2 million.

Capital Resources, Acquisitions and Expenditure Requirements

We expect to continue to incur material operating losses in the future. It may take several years, if ever, to achieve positive operational cash flow. We may need to raise additional capital to fund our current operations, to repay certain outstanding indebtedness and to fund expansion of our business to meet our long-term business objectives through public or private equity offerings, debt financings, borrowings or strategic partnerships coupled with an investment in our company or a combination thereof. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of convertible debt securities, or other debt securities, these securities could be secured and could have rights senior to those of our common stock. In addition, any new debt incurred by the Company could impose covenants that restrict our operations and increase our interest expense. The issuance of any new equity securities will also dilute the interest of our current stockholders. Given the risks associated with our business, including our unprofitable operating history and our ability to develop additional proprietary tests, additional capital may not be available when needed on acceptable terms, or at all. If adequate funds are not available, we will need to curb our expansion plans or limit our research and development activities, which may have a material adverse impact on our business prospects and results of operations. Due to the terms of the ABL, we have reached the borrowing limit based on eligible accounts receivable at December 31, 2018. In addition, we were in violation of certain financial covenants with SVB and PFG as of December 31, 2018, January 31, 2019, February 28, 2019 and March 31, 2019. We have negotiated forbearance agreements with both lenders, as discussed above. However, we will not be able to close on a strategic transaction on or before April 15, 2019, and no assurance can be given that we will be able to extend the maturity of the ABL beyond April 15, 2019 or extend the forbearances

beyond April 15, 2019. If our lenders were to seek repayment of the loans we would likely not have adequate capital to make such payment and continue to operate our business.

We do not believe that our current cash will support operations for at least the next 12 months from the date of this report unless we raise additional equity or debt capital or spin-off non-core assets to raise additional cash. We have hired Raymond James & Associates Inc. as our financial advisor to assist with evaluating strategic alternatives. Such alternatives could include raising more capital, the acquisition of another company and / or complementary assets, the sale of the Company or another type of strategic partnership. There is no assurance that the review of strategic alternatives will result in the Company changing its business plan, pursuing any particular transaction, if any, or, if it pursues any such transaction, that it will be completed.

Meanwhile we are taking steps to improve our operating cash flow. We can provide no assurances that our current actions will be successful or that any additional sources of financing will be available to us on favorable terms, if at all, when needed. Our cash position, recurring losses from operations and negative cash flows from operations raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, and as a result, our independent registered public accounting firm included an explanatory paragraph in its report on our financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018 with respect to this uncertainty. This going concern opinion, and any future going concern opinion, could materially limit our ability to raise additional capital. The perception that we may not be able to continue as a going concern may cause potential partners or investors to choose not to deal with us due to concerns about our ability to meet our contractual and financial obligations. If we cannot continue as a going concern, our stockholders may lose their entire investment in our common stock.

Our forecast of the period of time through which our current financial resources will be adequate to support our operations and our expected operating expenses are forward-looking statements and involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could vary materially and negatively as a result of a number of factors, including:
our ability to extend our forbearance agreements and the ABL;
our ability to achieve revenue growth and profitability;
our ability to secure financing and the amount thereof;
the costs for funding the operations we recently acquired and our ability to realize anticipated benefits from the vivoPharm acquisition;
our ability to improve efficiency of billing and collection processes;
our ability to obtain approvals for our new diagnostic tests;
our ability to execute on our marketing and sales strategy for our tests and gain acceptance of our tests in the market;
our ability to obtain adequate reimbursement from governmental and other third-party payors for our tests and services;
our ability to maintain our present customer base and obtain new customers;
our ability to clinically validate our pipeline of tests currently in development;
the costs of operating and enhancing our laboratory facilities;
our ability to succeed with our cost control initiative;
our ability to satisfy US (FDA) and international regulatory regiments with respect to our tests and services, many of which are new and still evolving;
the costs of maintaining, expanding and protecting our intellectual property portfolio, including potential litigation costs and liabilities;
our ability to manage the costs of manufacturing our tests;
our rate of progress in, and cost of research and development activities associated with, products in research and early development;
the effect of competing technological and market developments;
costs related to expansion; and
other risks discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors.”


Subject to the availability of future financing, we may use significant cash to fund acquisitions. On August 15, 2017, we purchased all of the outstanding stock of vivoPharm, with its principal place of business in Victoria, Australia, in a transaction valued at approximately $1.6 million in cash and $8.1 million in the Company’s common stock based on the closing price of the stock on August 15, 2017.

The consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 were prepared on the basis of a going concern, which contemplates that the Company will be able to realize assets and discharge liabilities in the normal course of business. Accordingly, they do not give effect to adjustments that would be necessary should the Company be required to liquidate its assets.  The ability of the Company to meet its obligations, and to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the

availability of future funding and the continued growth in revenues.  The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

Future Contractual Obligations

The following table reflects a summary of our estimates of future contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018. The information in the table reflects future unconditional payments and is based on the terms of the relevant agreements, appropriate classification of items under U.S. GAAP as currently in effect and certain assumptions, such as the interest rate on our variable debt that was in effect as of December 31, 2018. Future events could cause actual payments to differ from these amounts.
  Payments Due by Period
Contractual Obligations Total Less than 1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More than 5 years
(dollars in thousands)          
Principal and interest under notes payable and lines of credit $13,054
 $13,054
 $—
 $—
 $—
Capital lease obligations, including interest, for equipment 777
 394
 370
 13
 —
Operating lease obligations relating to corporate headquarters and clinical laboratories 3,612
 1,388
 1,567
 657
 —
Total $17,443
 $14,836
 $1,937
 $670
 $—

Income Taxes


Over the past several years we havethe Company has generated operating losses in all jurisdictions in which weit may be subject to income taxes. As a result, we havethe Company has accumulated significant net operating losses and other deferred tax assets. Because of ourthe Company's history of losses and the uncertainty as to the realization of those deferred tax assets, a full valuation allowance has been recognized. We doThe Company does not expect to report a benefit related to the deferred tax assets until we haveit has a history of earnings, if ever, that would support the realization of ourits deferred tax assets.


Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements


Since inception, we havethe Company has not engaged in any off-balance sheet activities as defined in Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K.


Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgment and Estimates


OurThe Company's management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on ourits consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires usmanagement to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate ourthe Company
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evaluates its estimates based on historical experience and makemakes various assumptions, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, which form the basis for judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.


The notes to ourthe Company's audited consolidated financial statements contain a summary of ourits significant accounting policies. We considerManagement considers the following accounting policies critical to the understanding of the results of ourthe Company's operations:
 
•Revenue recognition;
•Accounts receivable and bad debts;
•Warrant liabilities and other derivatives;
•Stock-based compensation;
•Income taxes; and
•Impairment of intangibles and long-lived assets.


Recent Accounting Pronouncements


The notes to ourthe Company's audited consolidated financial statements contain a summary of recent accounting pronouncements.


Item 7A.Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures about Market Risk


We haveThe Company has exposure to financial market risks, including changes in foreign currency exchange rates, and interest rates, and risk associated with how we invest ourit invests its cash.


Foreign Exchange Risk


We conductThe Company conducts business in foreign markets through ourits subsidiary in Australia (vivoPharm Pty Ltd.) and through our subsidiary in Italy (Cancer Genetics Italia, S.r.l.). For the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, approximately 7%39% and 6%20%, respectively, of ourthe Company's continuing revenues were earned outside the United States and collected in local currency. We areThe Company is subject to risk for exchange rate fluctuations between such local currencies and the United States dollar and the subsequent translation of the Australia Dollar or Euro to United States dollars. WeThe Company currently dodoes not hedge currency risk. The translation adjustments for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 were not significant.

Interest Rate Risk

At December 31, 2018, we had interest rate risk primarily related to borrowings of $2.6 million on the asset-based line of credit with Silicon Valley Bank (“ABL”). The ABL requires monthly interest payments at the Wall Street Journal prime rate plus 1.5% (7.0% at December 31, 2018). If interest rates increased by 1.0%, interest expense on our current borrowings would increase by approximately $7,500, calculated based on the current maturity date of April 15, 2019.


Investment of Cash


We invest ourThe Company invests its cash primarily in money market funds. Because of the short-term nature of these investments, we dothe Company does not believe we haveit has material exposure due to market risk. The impact to ourthe Company's financial position and results of operations from likely changes in interest rates is not material.



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Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Cancer Genetics, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Financial Report December 31, 20182020
 
8548
8650
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss
8752
8853
8954
9055

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM




To the Shareholders and Board of Directors and Stockholdersof
Cancer Genetics, Inc. and Subsidiaries




Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cancer Genetics, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the Company)“Company”) as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017, and2019, the related consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders'stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years thenin the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the financial statements)“financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years thenin the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Substantial Doubt About the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses, and has an accumulated deficit and negative cash flows from operations. The Company is also in violation of certain debt covenants. This raises substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2 to the financial statements. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for recognizing revenue effective January 1, 2018 due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”.


Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’sCompany's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’sCompany's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB)("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.


Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.


Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has determined that revenue is recorded at the amount expected to be collected. The Company’s performance obligations are specific to the services included within each revenue contract which requires subjective judgment regarding the satisfaction of the performance obligation criteria for revenue recognition. Performance obligations are satisfied over time and as study data is transmitted to the customer. Revenue from the Company's Discovery Services is recognized using the time elapsed method and at a point in time as the Company delivers study results to the customers. We identified management’s determination of when the satisfaction of the performance obligation was met on the contracts as a critical audit matter.

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included the following:

•Tested the completeness of the contracts’ population as of year-end;
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•Obtained an understanding of the Company’s revenue recognition process, including processes over the determination of performance obligations for contract arrangements;
•Read the contracts to obtain an understanding of the contractual requirements and deliverables;
•Bifurcated the population of total contracts and performed additional audit procedures for open contracts; and
•Inspected correspondence between the Company and the customer regarding actual and expected contract performance to date and compared to the estimate to complete its performance obligations.


/s/ RSM USMarcum LLP

Marcum LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2010.2019.



Houston, Texas
New York, New YorkMarch 31, 2021
April 15, 2019







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CANCER GENETICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except par value)
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 December 31, December 31,
 2018 2017 20202019
ASSETS    ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS    CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $161
 $9,541
Cash and cash equivalents$2,444 $3,880 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of 2018 $3,462; 2017 $6,539 7,038
 10,958
Restricted cashRestricted cash0 350 
Accounts receivableAccounts receivable779 696 
Earn-Out from siParadigm, current portionEarn-Out from siParadigm, current portion91 747 
Excess Consideration NoteExcess Consideration Note0 888 
Patent held for salePatent held for sale156 0 
Other current assets 2,148
 2,707
Other current assets637 546 
Current assets of discontinuing operationsCurrent assets of discontinuing operations0 71 
Total current assets 9,347
 23,206
Total current assets4,107 7,178 
FIXED ASSETS, net of accumulated depreciation 4,056
 5,550
FIXED ASSETS, net of accumulated depreciation448 558 
OTHER ASSETS    OTHER ASSETS
Restricted cash 350
 350
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOperating lease right-of-use assets248 94 
Earn-Out from siParadigm, less current portionEarn-Out from siParadigm, less current portion0 356 
Patents and other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization 4,004
 4,478
Patents and other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization0 2,895 
Investment in joint venture 92
 246
Investment in joint venture0 92 
Goodwill 17,257
 17,992
Goodwill2,977 3,090 
Other 300
 399
Other568 641 
Total other assets 22,003
 23,465
Total other assets3,793 7,168 
Total Assets $35,406
 $52,221
Total Assets$8,348 $14,904 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY    LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES    CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued expenses $13,067
 $8,715
Accounts payable and accrued expenses$2,333 $2,072 
Obligations under capital leases, current portion 330
 272
Obligations under operating leases, current portionObligations under operating leases, current portion223 193 
Obligations under finance leases, current portionObligations under finance leases, current portion35 68 
Deferred revenue 2,173
 516
Deferred revenue1,013 1,217 
Line of credit 2,621
 4,137
Term note 6,000
 6,000
Convertible note, net 2,481
 —
Note payable, netNote payable, net0 1,277 
Advance from NovellusDx, Ltd., net 535
 —
Advance from NovellusDx, Ltd., net0 350 
Other derivatives 86
 —
Advance from siParadigm, current portionAdvance from siParadigm, current portion0 566 
Current liabilities of discontinuing operationsCurrent liabilities of discontinuing operations659 1,229 
Total current liabilities 27,293
 19,640
Total current liabilities4,263 6,972 
Obligations under capital leases 379
 624
Deferred rent payable and other 305
 360
Obligations under operating leases, less current portionObligations under operating leases, less current portion32 10 
Obligations under finance leases, less current portionObligations under finance leases, less current portion72 107 
Advance from siParadigm, less current portionAdvance from siParadigm, less current portion0 252 
Warrant liability 248
 4,403
Warrant liability1 178 
Deferred revenue, long-term 379
 429
Total Liabilities 28,604
 25,456
Total Liabilities4,368 7,519 
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY    STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock, authorized 9,764 shares $0.0001 par value, none issued —
 —
Common stock, authorized 100,000 shares, $0.0001 par value, 27,726 and 27,754 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively 3
 3
Preferred stock, authorized 9,764 shares $0.0001 par value, NaN issuedPreferred stock, authorized 9,764 shares $0.0001 par value, NaN issued0 0 
Common stock, authorized 100,000 shares, $0.0001 par value, 4,135 and 2,104 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectivelyCommon stock, authorized 100,000 shares, $0.0001 par value, 4,135 and 2,104 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively0 0 
Additional paid-in capital 164,455
 161,527
Additional paid-in capital176,628 171,783 
Accumulated other comprehensive income 60
 69
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(223)26 
Accumulated deficit (157,716) (134,834)Accumulated deficit(172,425)(164,424)
Total Stockholders’ Equity 6,802
 26,765
Total Stockholders’ Equity3,980 7,385 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity $35,406
 $52,221
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity$8,348 $14,904 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CANCER GENETICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
 2018 2017 20202019
Revenue $27,470
 $29,121
Revenue$5,751 $7,305 
Cost of revenues 18,724
 18,070
Cost of revenues3,353 3,701 
Gross profit 8,746
 11,051
Gross profit2,398 3,604 
Operating expenses:    Operating expenses:
Research and development 2,488
 4,789
General and administrative 19,184
 19,894
General and administrative6,595 5,171 
Sales and marketing 5,268
 4,990
Sales and marketing1,246 1,146 
Restructuring costs 2,320
 —
Impairment of goodwillImpairment of goodwill0 2,873 
Impairment of intangible assetsImpairment of intangible assets2,201 0 
Merger costs 1,464
 —
Merger costs539 117 
Total operating expenses 30,724
 29,673
Total operating expenses10,581 9,307 
Loss from operations (21,978) (18,622)
Loss from continuing operationsLoss from continuing operations(8,183)(5,703)
Other income (expense):    Other income (expense):
Interest expense (2,120) (2,128)Interest expense(272)(1,437)
Interest income 21
 63
Interest income0 108 
Change in fair value of acquisition note payableChange in fair value of acquisition note payable4 4 
Change in fair value of other derivativesChange in fair value of other derivatives0 86 
Change in fair value of warrant liability 3,732
 (1,964)Change in fair value of warrant liability167 70 
Change in fair value of other derivatives (86) —
Change in fair value of acquisition note payable 136
 (42)
Other expense (78) (266)
Change in fair value of siParadigm Earn-OutChange in fair value of siParadigm Earn-Out(66)(935)
Change in fair value of Excess Consideration NoteChange in fair value of Excess Consideration Note0 93 
Gain on troubled debt restructuringGain on troubled debt restructuring0 258 
Other incomeOther income307 59 
Total other income (expense) 1,605
 (4,337)Total other income (expense)140 (1,694)
Loss before income taxes (20,373) (22,959)Loss before income taxes(8,043)(7,397)
Income tax (benefit) —
 (2,079)
Net (loss) $(20,373) $(20,880)
Basic and diluted net (loss) per share $(0.75) $(1.01)
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding 27,291
 20,663
Income tax benefitIncome tax benefit0 512 
Loss from continuing operationsLoss from continuing operations(8,043)(6,885)
Income from discontinuing operations, including a gain on disposal of business of $8,370 during the year ended December 31, 2019Income from discontinuing operations, including a gain on disposal of business of $8,370 during the year ended December 31, 201942 177 
Net lossNet loss(8,001)(6,708)
Foreign currency translation lossForeign currency translation loss(249)(34)
Comprehensive lossComprehensive loss$(8,250)$(6,742)
    
Net (loss) (20,373) (20,880)
Unrealized gain (loss) on foreign currency translation (9) 69
Total comprehensive (loss) $(20,382) $(20,811)
Basic and diluted net loss per share from continuing operationsBasic and diluted net loss per share from continuing operations$(3.18)$(3.57)
Basic and diluted net income per share from discontinuing operationsBasic and diluted net income per share from discontinuing operations0.02 0.09 
Basic and diluted net loss per shareBasic and diluted net loss per share$(3.16)$(3.48)
Basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstandingBasic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding2,532 1,928 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CANCER GENETICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
Years Ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019
(in thousands)
 Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Accumulated
Deficit		Total
 SharesAmount
Balance, December 31, 2018924 $0 $164,458 $60 $(157,716)$6,802 
Stock based compensation—employees— — 370 — — 370 
Issuance of common stock with warrants for cash - 2019 Offerings, net of expenses and discounts952 — 5,412 — — 5,412 
Issuance of common stock - Iliad Research and Trading, L.P. conversions and exchanges225 — 962 — — 962 
Increase in fair value of embedded conversion option— — 547 — — 547 
Fractional shares settlement(2)— (5)— — (5)
Issuance of common stock to vendor5 — 39 — — 39 
Unrealized loss on foreign currency translation— — — (34)— (34)
Net loss— — — — (6,708)(6,708)
Balance, December 31, 20192,104 0 171,783 26 (164,424)7,385 
Stock based compensation—employees— — 173 — — 173 
Issuance of common stock—VentureEast settlement3 — 12 — — 12 
Fair value of common stock exchanged to settle note payable399 — 1,577 — — 1,577 
Issuance of common stock for cash net of offering costs1,618 — 3,074 — — 3,074 
Warrant exchange11 — 10 — — 10 
Oncospire retirement— — (1)— — (1)
Unrealized loss on foreign currency translation— — —��(249)— (249)
Net loss— — — — (8,001)(8,001)
Balance, December 31, 20204,135 $0 $176,628 $(223)$(172,425)$3,980 
  Common Stock Additional
Paid-in
Capital		 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Accumulated
Deficit		 Total
  Shares Amount 
Balance, December 31, 2016 18,936
 $2
 $139,576
 $—
 $(113,954) $25,624
Stock based compensation - employees 68
 —
 1,826
 —
 —
 1,826
Stock based compensation - non-employees —
 —
 69
 —
 —
 69
Exercise of warrants 857
 —
 4,609
 —
 —
 4,609
Exercise of options 3
 —
 7
 —
 —
 7
Issuance of stock - consultant 2
 —
 5
 —
 —
 5
Issuance of stock - acquisition of vivoPharm, Pty Ltd. 3,068
 —
 8,084
 —
 —
 8,084
Issuance of stock - Aspire Capital 1,320
 —
 2,965
 —
 —
 2,965
Issuance of stock - 2017 Offering 3,500
 1
 4,386
 —
 —
 4,387
Unrealized gain on foreign currency translation —
 —
 —
 69
 —
 69
Net loss —
 —
 —
 —
 (20,880) (20,880)
Balance, December 31, 2017 27,754
 3
 161,527
 69
 (134,834) 26,765
Stock based compensation—employees (28) —
 921
 —
   921
Fair value of warrants reclassified from liabilities to equity —
 —
 423
 —
 —
 423
Warrant modification costs —
 —
 83
 —
 —
 83
Beneficial conversion feature on Convertible Note —
 —
 328
 —
 —
 328
Beneficial conversion feature on Advance from NovellusDx, Ltd. —
 —
 1,173
 —
 —
 1,173
Transition adjustment for adoption of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606 —
 —
 —
 —
 (2,509) (2,509)
Unrealized loss on foreign currency translation —
 —
 —
 (9) —
 (9)
Net loss —
 —
 —
 —
 (20,373) (20,373)
Balance, December 31, 2018 27,726
 $3
 $164,455
 $60
 $(157,716) $6,802


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CANCER GENETICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
 Years Ended December 31,
20202019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss$(8,001)$(6,708)
Income from discontinuing operations(42)(177)
Net loss from continuing operations(8,043)(6,885)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation166 159 
Amortization462 454 
Stock-based compensation179 263 
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets216 144 
Change in fair value of warrant liability, acquisition note payable and other derivatives(171)(160)
Amortization of discount of debt and debt issuance costs181 497 
Issuance of common stock to vendor0 39 
Interest added to Convertible Note0 268 
Change in fair value of siParadigm Earn-Out66 935 
Change in fair value of Excess Consideration note0 (93)
Gain on troubled debt restructuring0 (258)
Loss on extinguishment of debt119 256 
Goodwill impairment0 2,873 
Intangible asset impairment2,201 0 
Change in working capital components:
Accounts receivable(89)81 
Other current assets(40)(279)
Other non-current assets72 (2)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and deferred revenue(3)(1,342)
Obligations under operating leases(239)(189)
Due to Interpace Biosciences, Inc.15 0 
Net cash used in operating activities, continuing operations(4,908)(3,239)
Net cash used in operating activities, discontinuing operations(463)(5,421)
Net cash used in operating activities(5,371)(8,660)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of fixed assets(39)(28)
Distributions from Joint Venture36 0 
Receipts from Excess Consideration Note888 0 
Net cash used in investing activities, continuing operations885 (28)
Net cash provided by investing activities, discontinuing operations128 9,119 
Net cash provided by investing activities1,013 9,091 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Principal payments on obligations under finance leases(84)(72)
Proceeds from offerings of common stock, net of certain offering costs3,074 5,412 
Principal payments on Convertible Note0 (1,023)
Principal payments on Advance from NovellusDx, Ltd.(350)(892)
Fractional shares settlement paid in cash0 (5)
Net cash provided by financing activities, continuing operations2,640 3,420 
Net cash used in financing activities, discontinuing operations0 (115)
Net cash provided by financing activities2,640 3,305 
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash(68)(17)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash(1,786)3,719 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH
Beginning4,230 511 
Ending$2,444 $4,230 
  Years Ended December 31,
  2018 2017
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES    
Net loss $(20,373) $(20,880)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:    
Depreciation 1,602
 1,799
Amortization 512
 366
Provision for bad debts 2,514
 5,278
Stock-based compensation 921
 1,895
Stock issued for consulting services —
 5
Change in fair value of warrant liability, acquisition note payable and other derivatives (3,782) 2,006
Amortization of discount of debt and debt issuance costs 517
 1,299
Loss on disposal of fixed assets and sale of India subsidiary 204
 —
Modification of 2017 Debt warrants 83
 —
Loss in equity-method investment 154
 22
Loss on extinguishment of debt —
 78
Change in working capital components:    
Accounts receivable 1,041
 (3,583)
Other current assets 330
 (159)
Other non-current assets 1
 —
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and deferred revenue 3,766
 (1,538)
Deferred rent and other (42) (152)
Net cash (used in) operating activities (12,552) (13,564)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES    
Purchase of fixed assets (649) (1,284)
Patent costs (31) (126)
Purchase of cost method investment —
 (200)
Cash received in the sale of India subsidiary, net of cash transferred 1,764
 —
Cash used in acquisition of vivoPharm, Pty Ltd., net of cash received —
 (1,091)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 1,084
 (2,701)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES    
Principal payments on capital lease obligations (337) (230)
Proceeds from warrant and option exercises —
 1,834
Proceeds from offerings of equity and derivative warrants, net of certain offering costs —
 6,586
Proceeds from borrowings on Silicon Valley Bank line of credit 12,055
 4,137
Repayments of borrowings on Silicon Valley Bank line of credit (13,571) —
Proceeds from Convertible Note 2,500
 —
Advance from NovellusDx, Ltd. 1,500
 —
Proceeds from Partners for Growth IV, L.P. term note —
 6,000
Proceeds from Aspire Capital common stock purchase, net of certain offering costs —
 2,965
Payment of debt issuance costs —
 (287)
Principal payments on Silicon Valley Bank term note —
 (4,667)
Net cash provided by financing activities 2,147
 16,338
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents (59) 16
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
 (9,380) 89
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH    
Beginning 9,891
 9,802
Ending $511
 $9,891

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW DISCLOSURE    
Cash paid for interest $1,271
 $871
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NONCASH    
INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES    
Fixed assets acquired through capital lease arrangements $150
 $567
Derivative warrants issued with debt —
 1,004
Value of shares issued as partial consideration to purchase vivoPharm, Pty Ltd. —
 8,084
Derivative warrants issued with common stock —
 2,199
Fair value of warrants reclassified from liabilities to equity 423
 —
Beneficial conversion feature on Convertible Note 328
 —
Beneficial conversion feature on Advance from NovelluxDx, Ltd. 1,173
 —
Sale of India subsidiary:    
Accounts receivable, net $365
 $—
Other current assets 229
 —
Fixed assets, net 608
 —
Goodwill 735
 —
Other noncurrent assets 98
 —
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and deferred revenue (180) —
Deferred rent and other (13) —
Loss on sale of India subsidiary (78) —
Cash received in the sale of India subsidiary, net of cash transferred $1,764
 $—
RECONCILIATION OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED
CASH TO THE CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS:
Cash and cash equivalents$2,444 $3,880 
Restricted cash0 350 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH$2,444 $4,230 
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW DISCLOSURE
Cash paid for interest$11 $1,501 
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NONCASH
INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Common stock issued in VenturEast settlement$12 $0 
Fair value of common stock exchanged to settle Note Payable1,577 0 
Right of use asset obtained through operating leases27 0 
Issuance of common stock in exchange for warrants10 0 
Retirement of common stock - Oncospire1 0 
Lease remeasurement264 0 
Fixed assets acquired through finance lease arrangements17 145 
Conversion of debt and accrued interest into common stock0 350 
Increase in fair value of conversion option0 547 
Exchanges of principal on Convertible Note for common stock0 612 
Partial pay-off of Convertible Note through note payable to Atlas Sciences, LLC0 1,250 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CANCER GENETICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1. Organization, Description of Business, SaleReverse Stock Split, Business Disposals, Offerings and Merger

Cancer Genetics, Inc. (the "Company" or "CGI") supports the efforts of India Subsidiary, Restructuring, Financing, Merger and Offerings

We are an emerging leader in enabling precision medicine in oncology by providing multi-disciplinary diagnostic and data solutions, facilitating individualized therapies through our diagnostic tests, services and molecular markers. We develop, commercialize and provide molecular- and biomarker-based tests and services, including proprietary preclinical oncology and immuno-oncology services, that enable biotechthe biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies engaged in oncology and immuno-oncology trialsindustries to better select candidate populations and reduce adversedevelop innovative new drug reactions by providing information regarding genomic and molecular factors influencing subject responses to therapeutics. Through our clinical services, we enable physicians to personalizetherapies. Currently, the clinical management of each individual patient by providing genomic information to better diagnose, monitor and inform cancer treatment. We have a comprehensive, disease-focused oncology testing portfolio, andCompany has an extensive set of anti-tumor referenced data based on predictive xenograft and syngeneic tumor models. Our tests and techniques target a wide range of indications, covering all ten of the top cancers in prevalence in the United States, with additional unique capabilities offered by our FDA-cleared Tissue of Origin® test for identifying difficultmodels to diagnose tumor types or poorly differentiated metastatic disease. Following the acquisition of vivoPharm, Pty Ltd. (“vivoPharm”) we provide Discovery Services such as contract research services, focused primarily on unique specialized studies to guide drug discovery and development programs in the oncology and immuno-oncology fields.


We wereThe Company was incorporated in the State of Delaware on April 8, 1999 and currently have offices and state-of-the-arthas laboratories located in New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Australia. Our laboratories comply with the highest regulatory standards as appropriate for the services they deliver including CLIA, CAP, and NY State. Our servicesThe Company’s corporate headquarters are built on a foundation of world-class scientific knowledge and intellectual property in solid and blood-borne cancers, as well as strong academic relationships with major cancer centers such as Memorial Sloan-Kettering, Mayo Clinic, and the National Cancer Institute. We offerRutherford, New Jersey. The Company offers preclinical services such as predictive tumor models, human orthotopic xenografts and syngeneic immuno-oncology relevant tumor models in ourits Hershey PA facility, and is a leader in the field of immuno-oncology preclinical services in the United States. This service is supplemented with GLP toxicology and extended bioanalytical services in our Australian basedits Australian-based facilities in Clayton, Victoria. Beginning in February 2020, the Company also has an animal testing facility and laboratory in Bundoora VIC.Gilles Plains, South Australia, Australia.


Sale of India SubsidiaryMerger Agreement


On AprilAugust 24, 2020, the Company announced the entry into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization originally dated August 21, 2020, as amended on February 8, 2021 and on February 26, 2018, we sold our India2021 (“Merger Agreement”) between the Company, StemoniX, Inc., a Minnesota corporation (“StemoniX”), and CGI Acquisition, Inc., a Minnesota corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary BioServe Biotechnologies (India) Private Limitedof the Company (“BioServe”Merger Sub”), pursuant to which Merger Sub will merge with and into StemoniX, with StemoniX surviving the merger and becoming a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger”). The transaction is structured as a reverse merger with StemoniX as the acquirer for accounting purposes.

Pursuant to, and subject to the conditions of, the Merger Agreement, each share of common stock of StemoniX (other than Dissenting Shares (as defined in the Merger Agreement)), issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”) shall be automatically converted into the right to receive an amount of shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company (“CGI Common Stock”) equal to the Exchange Ratio (as defined in the Merger Agreement). All options to purchase shares of StemoniX Common Stock (“StemoniX Options”) outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, whether vested or unvested, will be converted into a stock option to purchase shares of CGI Common Stock, proportionately adjusted based on the Exchange Ratio. All warrants (“StemoniX Warrants”) to Reprocell, Inc., for $1.9 million, including $1.6 million in cashpurchase shares of StemoniX capital stock, excluding certain warrants that are anticipated to be issued to investors purchasing at closingleast a minimum amount of additional StemoniX Convertible Notes (the “Convertible Note Warrants”) outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will be cancelled and upconverted into the right to an additional $300,000, which was contingent uponreceive the India subsidiary meeting a specified revenue target through August 31, 2018. The contingentsame consideration was reducedsuch warrantholder would have received had they exercised the StemoniX Warrants immediately prior to $213,000 and received in November 2018. As a result of this transaction, we recognized a loss of approximately $78,000the merger, based on the disposalExchange Ratio, net of BioServe, which is included in other income (expense) in our Consolidated Statementsthe exercise price. All Convertible Note Warrants will be exchanged for warrants (the “Convertible Note Exchange Warrants”) to purchase a number of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

Restructuring

In 2018,shares of CGI Common Stock equal to 20% of the Company adopted a plan to migrate its California operations to its New Jersey and North Carolina locations and to permanently close its California laboratory. The Company incurred and paid approximately $2,320,000 of restructuring costs during the the year ended December 31, 2018, which are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

Disposal activity costs$705
Costs to consolidate facilities766
Contract termination costs371
Employee termination costs478
 $2,320

Convertible Debt

On July 17, 2018, the Company issued a convertible promissory note to an institutional accredited investor in the initial principal amount of $2,625,000 (“Convertible Note”Notes purchased divided by the weighted average share price of CGI Common Stock over the 5 trading days prior to the closing of the merger (the “5-Day VWAP”), as described in Note 7. The Convertible Note haswith an 18 month termexercise price equal to the 5-Day VWAP. In addition, each share of StemoniX Series C Preferred Stock (the “Series C Preferred Stock”) issued and carries interest at 10% per annum. The note is convertibleoutstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will be converted into the right to receive a number of shares of CGI Common Stock (the “Series C Conversion Shares”) equal to the Company’s common stock atprice per share paid for the Series C Preferred Stock divided by a conversion price,

of $0.80 per share upon 5 trading days’ notice, subject to certain adjustments (standard dilution) and ownership limitations specified in the Convertible Note. The note provides that in the event of default, the lender may, at its option, elect to increase the outstanding balance by applying the default effect (defined as outstanding balance at date of default multiplied by 15% plus outstanding amount) by providing written notice to the Company. Additionally, the lender may elect to increase the interest rate to 22% in the event of default.

Merger with NovellusDx, Ltd.

On September 18, 2018, we entered into an agreement and plan of merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with NovellusDx, Ltd., a privately-held company formed under the law of the State of Israel (“NDX”), in regards to Wogolos Ltd., our wholly-owned subsidiary company formed under the laws of the State of Israel. Subject to satisfaction or waiver of the conditionsvaluation cap set forth in the Merger Agreement, Wogolos Ltd. would have merged with and into NDX, with NDX becoming a wholly-owned subsidiaryequal to 85% of us and the surviving company. In connection with the signing of5-Day VWAP.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, we entered into a credit agreementCGI and StemoniX have agreed that their respective equity holders’ ownership in the post-merger company would be at the 22%/78% ratio described below, but that securities issued by each party in certain private placement transactions after the date of the original Merger Agreement would not be included in determining that ratio and would instead dilute the ownership of all holders proportionately. Those transactions are (a) the private offering by StemoniX of Series C Preferred Stock (the “Series C Financing”) which closed on March 15, 2021, in which an aggregate of up to $2 million was raised, (b) the private offering by CGI of CGI Common Stock and warrants that closed on February 1, 2021 (the “CGI PIPE”) and (c) the registered direct offering by CGI of CGI Common Stock and placement agent warrants that closed on February 16, 2021 (the “CGI RD Financing”, and collectively with NDX, pursuant to which NDX loaned us $1,500,000 (“Advance from NDX”the Series C Financing and CGI PIPE, the “Private Placement”), as described in Note 7..


On December 15, 2018, we terminated the Merger Agreement.
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As a result, immediately following the AdvanceEffective Time, but excluding the proportionate dilution resulting from NDX, plus interest thereon, became due and payable on March 15, 2019. In addition, the interest rate was increased on December 15, 2018 to 21% due to an eventPrivate Placement, (A) the former StemoniX equity holders (excluding the effect of default. The default also gives NDXthose purchasing Series C Preferred Stock in the right to convert all, but not less than all,Private Placement (the “Series C Investors”)) will hold approximately 78% of the “Deemed Outstanding Shares” of CGI Common Stock (defined below), and (B) the pre-merger outstanding balance into(i) shares of CGI Common Stock (including underlying CGI options and CGI warrants on a net exercise basis but excluding the Company’s common stock atCGI securities issued in the CGI PIPE and CGI RD Financing) and (ii) November PA Warrants (as defined below) will represent approximately 22% of the Deemed Outstanding Shares (as defined below), with such percentages subject to certain closing adjustments based on the Net Cash (as defined in the Merger Agreement) held by each company before closing (such adjustment, the “Net Cash Adjustment”).

The “Deemed Outstanding Shares” of CGI Common Stock means:

i.the shares of CGI Common Stock outstanding, plus
ii.any shares of CGI Common Stock issuable on a conversion price of $0.606 per share.

2019 Offerings

In January 2019, we closed two public offerings net exercise basis with respect to any in-the-money CGI options or in-the-money CGI warrants (excluding warrants issued in the CGI PIPE and issuedCGI RD Financing and warrants to purchase an aggregate of28,550,726 94,092 shares of common stock for approximately $5,412,000,CGI Common Stock (the “November PA Warrants”) issued to CGI’s placement agent in connection with a public offering on November 2, 2020), plus
iii.any shares of CGI Common Stock issuable on a net exercise basis with respect to any in-the-money StemoniX Options and in-the-money StemoniX Warrants, plus
iv.the amount of expensesshares of CGI Common Stock issuable upon cash exercise of the November PA Warrants and discountsConvertible Note Exchange Warrants, reduced by
v.the shares of approximately $1,088,000 (“2019 Offerings”). CGI Common Stock issued in the CGI PIPE and CGI RD Financing and the Series C Conversion Shares.

The Company alsoexact number of shares of CGI Common Stock that will be issued 1,998,551 warrants to its underwriters in conjunction with these offerings. See Note 21 for additional information.StemoniX shareholders other than the Series C Investors will be fixed immediately prior to the Effective Time to reflect the capitalization of CGI as of immediately prior to such time as well as the Net Cash Adjustment, and the exact number of shares of CGI Common Stock that will be issued to the Series C Investors will be fixed immediately prior to the Effective Time based on the 5-Day VWAP.


Note 2. Going ConcernLiquidity


At December 31, 2018, our cash position and2020, the Company's history of losses required management to assess ourits ability to continue operating as a going concern, according to Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-15, DisclosureASC 205-40, Going Concern. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company incurred a net loss of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability$8.0 million, including impairment charges of $2.2 million and $539 thousand of merger-related expenses. As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s accumulated deficit was $172.4 million. Cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $5.4 million. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had $2.4 million of available cash to Continuefund ongoing operating activities. As discussed in Note 20, the Company raised $29.5 million subsequent to December 31, 2020. Therefore, the Company believes that with the cash available after the equity raises that the Company has sufficient cash to support its operations for at least one year from issuance of these financial statements and therefore substantial doubt as to the Company's ability to continue as a Going Concern (“ASU 2014-15”). The Company does not have sufficient cash at December 31, 2018 to fund normal operations for the next twelve months. In addition, the Company is in violation of certain financial covenants under its debt agreements at December 31, 2018, January 31, 2019, February 28, 2019 and March 31, 2019. In January 2019, the Company was able to secure forbearance agreements with both of its senior lenders and raise approximately $5,412,000, net of expenses and discounts of $1,088,000, through two public offerings. going concern has been alleviated.

The Company's ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on reduced losses and improved future cash flows. Alternatively, the Company's abilityCompany may be required to meet the milestones outlined in its forbearance agreements, extend the forbearance agreements and the term of the ABL beyond April 15, 2019, raise additional equity or debt capital, or spin-off non-core assets to raise additional cash. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.

We have hired Raymond James & Associates, Inc. as our financial advisor to assist with evaluatingconsummate other strategic alternatives. Such alternatives could include raising more capital, the acquisition of another company and/or complementary assets, the sale of thetransactions. The Company or non-core assets, or another type of strategic partnership. We can provide no assurancesassurance that our currentthese actions will be successful or that additional sources of financing withwill be available to us on favorable terms, if at all.


The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary shouldOn March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) a global pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures worldwide. In addition, as the Company is located in New Jersey, the Company is currently under a shelter-in-place mandate and many of its customers worldwide are similarly impacted. The global outbreak of COVID-19 continues to rapidly evolve, and the extent to which COVID-19 may impact the Company's business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be unablepredicted with confidence, such as the ultimate geographic spread of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, travel restrictions and social distancing in the United States and other countries, business closures or business disruptions, and the effectiveness of actions taken in the United States and other countries to continue ascontain and treat the disease. As a going concern.healthcare provider, the Company is still providing Discovery Services and has yet to experience a slowdown in its project work, however, the future of many projects may be delayed. The Company continues to vigilantly monitor the situation with its primary focus on the health and safety of its employees and clients.


Note 3.2. Significant Accounting Policies


Basis of presentation: We prepare ourThe Company prepares its financial statements on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
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Segment reporting: Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is used by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. We view ourThe Company views its operations and manage ourmanages its business in one1 operating segment, which is the business of developing and selling diagnostic tests and services.


Principles of consolidation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cancer Genetics, Inc. and ourits wholly-owned subsidiaries.
All significant intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Foreign currency: We translateThe Company translates the financial statements of ourits foreign subsidiaries, which have a functional currency in the respective country’s local currency, to U.S. dollars using month-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates for revenue, costs and expenses. Translation gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a component of stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions that are denominated in currencies other than the entity'sentity’s functional currency are included within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss and were not significant during 2018 or 2017.Loss.
Use of estimates and assumptions: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates made by management include, among others, realization of amounts billed, realization of long-lived assets, realization of intangible assets, accruals for litigation and registration payments, assumptions used to value stock options, warrants and goodwill and the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed from acquisitions.associated with the Business Disposals. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Risks and uncertainties: We operateThe Company operates in an industry that is subject to intense competition, government regulation and rapid technological change. Ourthe Company's operations are subject to significant risk and uncertainties including financial, operational, technological, regulatory, foreign operations, and other risks, including the potential risk of business failure.
Cash and cash equivalents: Highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased are considered to be cash equivalents. Financial instruments which potentially subject usthe Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. We maintainThe Company maintains cash and cash equivalents with high-credit quality financial institutions. At

times, such amounts may exceed insured limits. We haveThe Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believe we arebelieves it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on ourits cash and cash equivalents.


Restricted cash: Represents cash held at financial institutions which wethe Company may not withdraw and which collateralizes certain of ourthe Company's financial commitments. All of ourthe Company's restricted cash is invested in interest bearing certificates of deposit. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, our2019 the Company's restricted cash collateralizescollateralized a $350,000$350 thousand letter of credit in favor of ourits former landlord, pursuant to the terms of the lease for ourits former Rutherford facility. Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2016-18,The letter of credit was released on May 20, 2020.

Revenue recognition: Revenue is recorded at the amount expected to be collected, which requires companiesincludes implicit price concessions. Performance obligations are satisfied over time and as study data is transmitted to include restricted cash accounts with cashthe customer. Revenue from the Company's Discovery Services is recognized using the time elapsed method and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of period and end of period total amounts shown on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Revenue recognition under ASC 606: Effective January 1, 2018,at a point in time as the Company recognizes revenue in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606. We adopted the new standard using the modified retrospective method. We recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as an adjustmentdelivers study results to the opening balance of accumulated deficit. Financial information forcustomers. As results are delivered, the year ended December 31, 2017 has not been restated and continuesinvoices are generated based on contractual rates. Some contracts have prepayments prior to be reported under the accounting standards in effect forservices being rendered that period.

are recorded as deferred revenue. The transition adjustment resulted in a net reduction to the opening balance of accumulated deficit of $2.5 million on January 1, 2018 and increased deferred revenue associated with Biopharma Services and Discovery Services by $1.9 million and $0.6 million, respectively, due to a change in our policies for recognized revenue for performance obligations fulfilled over time. In our Clinical Services area, the majority of the amounts historically charged as a provision for bad debts are now considered an implicit price concession in determining net revenue under ASC 606. Accordingly, we now report uncollectible balances as a reduction in the transaction price, and therefore, as a reduction in net revenues rather than a component of selling, general and administrative expenses.

The following tables present the amounts by which each financial statement line item was affected by adopting the new revenue recognition guidance (in thousands):
  Year Ended December 31, 2018
  As Reported ASC 606 Adjustments Balances Without Adoption
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss      
Revenue:      
Biopharma Services $14,828
 $(832) $13,996
Clinical Services 7,429
 3,954
 11,383
Discovery Services 5,213
 (650) 4,563
  $27,470
 $2,472
 $29,942

  December 31, 2018
  As Reported ASC 606 Adjustments Balances Without Adoption
Consolidated Balance Sheets      
CURRENT ASSETS      
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts $7,038
 $3,954
 $10,992
       
CURRENT LIABILITIES      
Deferred revenue      
Biopharma Services $959
 $(899) $60
Clinical Services —
 —
 —
Discovery Services 1,214
 —
 1,214
  $2,173
 $(899) $1,274
       
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES      
Deferred revenue      
Biopharma Services $379
 $(128) $251
Clinical Services —
 —
 —
Discovery Services —
 —
 —
  $379
 $(128) $251
       
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY      
Accumulated (deficit) $(157,716) $4,981
 $(152,735)

The adoption of ASC 606 had no impact on our total cash flows from operations.

We recordCompany records deferred revenues (contract liabilities) when cash payments are received or due in advance of ourits performance, including amounts which are refundable. The Company's customer arrangements do not contain any significant financing component.


The allowance for doubtful accounts does not reflect any adjustments related to the ASC 606 adjustment for accounts receivable.

Performance Obligations:


Biopharma ServicesClinical ServicesDiscovery Services
Performance Obligation Satisfaction and Revenue Recognition:Performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time as the Company processes samples delivered by the customer. Project level activities, including study setup and project management, are satisfied over the life of the contract. Revenues are recognized at a point in time when the test results or other deliverables are reported to the customer. Project level fee revenue is recognized ratably over the life of the contract.Performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time when the tests are reported to the customer. Revenues are recognized at a point in time when the test results are reported to the ordering site.Performance obligations are satisfied over time and as study data is transmitted to the customer. Revenue is recognized using the time elapsed method and at a point in time as the Company delivers study results to the customers.
Significant Payment Terms:Monthly invoices at a contractual rate are generated as services are delivered for work completed during the prior month. Some contracts have prepayments prior to services being rendered that are recorded as deferred revenue.The Company invoices at its list price or contractually negotiated price. Payments realized vary from amounts invoiced. Accordingly, the Company estimates the variable consideration it expects to collect.As results are delivered, the invoices are generated based on contractual rates. Some contracts have prepayments prior to services being rendered that are recorded as deferred revenue.
Nature of Services:Biopharma testing services, study setup and study managementClinical testing servicesDiscovery services

Remaining Performance Obligations:

Services offered under the Biopharma and Discovery Services frequently take time to complete under their respective contacts. These times vary depending on specific contract arrangements including the length of the study and how samples are delivered to usthe Company for processing. In the case of Clinical Services and Discovery Services,However, the duration of performance obligationobligations for Discovery Services is less than one year. As of December 31, 2018, the

The Company had approximately $34.8 million in remaining performance obligations in the Biopharma Services area. We expect to recognize the remaining performance obligations over the next two to three years.

Practical Expedients:

Our customer arrangements in Biopharma Services and Discovery Services do not contain any significant financing component (interest). We have not recognized the financing component in the case of Clinical Services, as the payment plans we may grant to our self-pay customers do not to exceed six months.
We incur incremental costs on our Biopharma clients but have elected the practical expedient afforded by the new revenue standard to expense such costs as incurred.

We excludeexcludes from the measurement of the transaction price all taxes that we collectit collects from customers that are assessed by governmental authorities and are both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transactions.

Revenue recognition under ASC 605: Prior to 2018, the Company recognized revenue in accordance with FASB ASC 605, as well as SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin 104, for its Biopharma and Discovery Services, and ASC 954-605, Health Care Entities, Revenue Recognition for its Clinical Services. These standards generally required that four basic criteria be met before revenue could be recognized: (1) persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred and title and the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the customer or services have been rendered; (3) the price is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. In determining whether the price was fixed or determinable, we considered payment limits imposed by insurance carriers and Medicare, and the amount of revenue recorded took into account the historical percentage of revenue we had collected for each type of test for each payor category. Periodically, an adjustment was made to Clinical Services revenue to record differences between our anticipated cash receipts from third parties, such as insurance carriers and Medicare, and actual receipts from such payors. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded an adjustment of approximately $1,640,000. For some Clinical Service and Biopharma customers billed directly, revenue was recorded based upon the contractually agreed upon fee schedule. When assessing collectability, we considered whether we had sufficient payment history to reliably estimate a payor’s individual payment patterns. We did not bill customers for shipping and handling fees, other than reimbursement of such expenses we incur on behalf of our Biopharma clients, and we did not collect any sales or other taxes from customers.

Accounts receivable: Accounts receivable are carried at net realizable value, which is the original invoice amount less an estimate for contractual adjustments, discounts and doubtful receivables, the amounts of which are determined by an analysis of individual accounts. OurThe Company's policy for assessing the collectability of receivables is dependent upon the major payor
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source of the underlying revenue. For Biopharma and Discovery clients,The Company performs an assessment of credit worthiness is performed prior to initial engagement and is reassessedreassesses it periodically. If deemed necessary, an allowance is established on receivables from direct bill clients. For Clinical Services clients, we record revenues and related receivables when the testing process is complete and the results are reported. After the adoption of ASC 606 on January 1, 2018, revenue is recorded at the amount expected to be collected, which includes implicit price concessions. Under the new standard, the majority of the amounts historically charged as a provision for bad debts are now considered an implicit price concession.
Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, revenue was recorded at the expected price, taking into account the patient's ability to pay, as well as anticipated discounts, adjustments and/or contractual allowances, as applicable. After reasonable collection efforts are exhausted, amounts deemed to be uncollectible were written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. Since the Company only recognized revenue to the extent it expected to collect such amounts, bad debt expense related to receivables from patient service revenue was recorded in general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss. Recoveries of accounts receivable previously written off wereare recorded when received. For the 2017 calendar year, the Company, as part of its evaluation of outstanding accounts receivable, determined that a substantial amount of its receivables would not likely be collectible. Accordingly, the Company recorded approximately $5,278,000 of bad debt expense in its Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss during the year ended December 31, 2017. While the Company continues with its collections efforts on all claims, the Company determined that an additional $2,514,000 of bad debt was required for the year ended December 31, 2018 and specifically an additional $647,000 in fourth quarter 2018 beyond the previous quarter levels associated with typical collection windows of third party claims due to continued challenges associated with collections.
Deferred revenue: Payments received in advance of services rendered are recorded as deferred revenue and are subsequently recognized as revenue in the period in which the services are performed.
Fixed assets: Fixed assets consist of diagnostic equipment and furniture and fixtures, software developed for internal use and leasehold improvements.fixtures. Fixed assets are carried at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which generally range from five to seventwelve years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the lesser of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the improvements using the straight-line method. The cost of computer software developed for internal use, which consists of our lab information system that is still in its configuration and implementation stages, is capitalized and will be amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life of ten years when complete. Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred while improvements are capitalized. Upon sale, retirement or disposal of fixed assets, the accounts are relieved of the cost and the related accumulated depreciation with any gain or loss recorded to the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.
Fixed assets are reviewed for impairment whenever changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. These computations utilize judgments and assumptions inherent in ourthe Company's estimate of future cash flows to determine recoverability of these assets. If ourthe Company's assumptions about these assets were to change as a result of events or circumstances, wethe Company may be required to record an impairment loss. NaN impairment loss was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.


Goodwill: Goodwill resulted from the purchases of Gentris Corporation (“Gentris”) and BioServe in 2014, the purchase of certain assets of Response Genetics in 2015 and the purchase of vivoPharm Pty Ltd. (“vivoPharm”) in 2017. In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, we arethe Company is required to test goodwill for impairment and adjust for impairment losses, if any, at least annually and on an interim basis if an event or circumstance indicates that it is likely impairment has occurred. OurThe Company's annual goodwill impairment testing date is October 1 of each year. No suchyear using a market approach. NaN impairment losses were incurred during the year ended December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized impairment of goodwill of $2.9 million.
Goodwill (in thousands)
Balance, January 1, 2019$5,963 
Impairment of goodwill(2,873)
Balance, December 31, 20193,090 
Translation adjustment(113)
Balance, December 31, 2020$2,977 

Equity investment: The Company has an equity investment that does not have a readily determinable market value, with a cost basis of $200 thousand at December 31, 2020 and 2019. This investment is measured at cost, less impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in ordinary transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Changes in the fair value of the investment are recorded as net appreciation in fair value of investment in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the equity investment was $200 thousand and is included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. No net appreciation or depreciation in fair value of investment was recorded during the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017.2019, as there were no observable price changes in the stock.
Goodwill (in thousands)
Balance, January 1, 2017 $12,029
Purchased through acquisition of vivoPharm 5,960
Foreign currency translation adjustment 3
Balance, December 31, 2017 17,992
Reduced by sale of our India subsidiary, BioServe (735)
Balance, December 31, 2018 $17,257

Financing fees: Financing fees are amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the related debt. Debt is recorded net of unamortized debt issuance costs.

Warrant liability: WeThe Company issued warrants during the 2016 Offerings and the 2017 Offering that contain a contingent net cash settlement feature, which are described herein as derivative warrants. WeThe Company also issued warrants that were subject to a 20% reduction if wethe Company achieved certain financial milestones as part of ourits 2017 debt refinancing described in Note 7. At December 31, 2017,refinancing; these warrants were also classified as derivative warrants but were reclassified as equity during 2018 when the number of shares issuable under the agreement became fixed.

Derivative warrants are recorded as liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. These common stock purchase warrants do not trade in an active securities market, and as such, we estimatethe Company estimated the fair value of these warrants using the binomial lattice, Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo valuation pricing models with the assumptions as follows: The risk-free interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the warrant is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve. The expected life of the warrants is based upon the contractual life of the warrants. We useThe Company uses the historical volatility of ourits common stock and the closing price of ourits shares on the NASDAQ Capital Market.
We compute
The Company computes the fair value of the warrant liability at each reporting period and the change in the fair value is recorded as non-cash expense or non-cash income. The key component in the value of the warrant liability is our the Company's
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stock price, which is subject to significant fluctuation and is not under ourthe Company's control. The resulting effect on ourthe Company's net (loss)loss is therefore subject to significant fluctuation and will continue to be so until the warrants are exercised, amended or expire. Assuming all other fair value inputs remain constant, wethe Company will record non-cash expense when the stock price increases and non-cash income when the stock price decreases.
Derivative liabilities: The Company evaluates its debt and equity issuances to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives requiring separate recognition in the Company’s financial statements. The result of this accounting treatment is that the fair value of the embedded derivative is marked-to-market each balance sheet date and recorded as a liability and the change in fair value is recorded in other income (expense) in the consolidated results of operations. In circumstances where there are multiple embedded instruments that are required to be bifurcated, the bifurcated derivative instruments are accounted for as a single, compound derivative instrument. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is reassessed at the end of each reporting period. Equity instruments that are initially classified as equity that become subject to reclassification are reclassified to liability at the fair value of the instrument on the reclassification date. Derivative instrument liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement of the derivative instrument is expected within twelve months of the balance sheet date.
When the Company has determined that the embedded conversion options should not be bifurcated from their host instruments, the Company records, when necessary, discounts to convertible notes for the intrinsic value of conversion options embedded in debt instruments based upon the differences between the fair value of the underlying common stock at the commitment date of the note transaction and the effective conversion price embedded in the note. Debt discounts under these arrangements are amortized over the term of the related debt to their stated date of redemption and are recorded as interest expense in the consolidated results of operations.
Income taxes: Income taxes are provided for the tax effects of transactions reported in the consolidated financial statements and consist of taxes currently due plus deferred income taxes. Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future. Deferred income taxes are also recognized for net operating loss (“NOLs”) carryforwards that are available to offset future taxable income and research and development credits.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. federal government enacted legislation commonly referred to as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (the “TCJA”). The TCJA makes widespread changes to the Internal Revenue Code, including, among other items, the introduction of a new international “Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income” (“GILTI”) regime effective January 1, 2018. Companies may adopt one of two views in regards to establishing deferred taxes in accordance with the new GILTI regime under ASC 740. Companies may account for the effects of GILTI either (1) in the period the entity becomes subject to GILTI, or (2) establish deferred taxes (similar to the guidance that currently exists with respect to basis differences that will reverse under current Subpart F rules) for basis differences that upon reversal will be subject to GILTI. We have elected to account for GILTI in the period we become subject to GILTI.
Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. We haveThe Company has established a full valuation allowance on ourits deferred tax assets as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017;2019; therefore, we havethe Company has not recognized any deferred tax benefit or expense in the periods presented. However, the sale of state NOLs and research and development credits are included in current income tax benefit for the period ended December 31, 2019. There were 0 state NOL sales for the year ended December 31, 2020.
ASC 740, Income Taxes, clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the financial statements. ASC 740 provides that a tax benefit from uncertain tax positions may be recognized when it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Income tax positions must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold to be recognized. ASC 740 also provides guidance on measurement, de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. At December 31, 20182020 and 2017 we2019 the Company had no0 uncertain tax positions.positions, and the Company does not expect any changes with regards to uncertain tax positions during the year ending December 31, 2021.
OurThe Company's policy is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. There is no0 accrual for interest or penalties on ourthe Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 20182020 or 2017,2019, and we have notthe Company has 0t recognized interest and/or penalties in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 20182020 or 2017.2019.
The Company's major taxing jurisdictions are the United States, Australia and New Jersey. The Company's tax years for 2017 through 2019 are subject to examination by the tax authorities. Generally, as of December 31, 2020, the Company is no longer subject to federal and state examinations by tax authorities for years before 2017. In Australia, the Company's tax returns are subject to examination for five years from the date of filing. However, to the extent allowed by law, the tax authorities may have the right to examine prior periods where net operating losses or tax credits were generated and carried forward, and make adjustments up to the amount of the net operating loss or credit carryforward.

Patents and other intangible assets: We accountassets: The Company accounts for intangible assets under ASC 350-30. Patents consisting of legal fees incurred are initially recorded at cost. We haveThe Company has also acquired patents that are initially recorded at fair value. Patents are amortized over the useful lives of the assets, which range from seven to ten years, using the straight-line method. Certain patents are in the legal application process and therefore are not currently being amortized. We review
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The Company reviews the carrying value of patents at the end of each reporting period. Based upon ourthe Company's review, there werewas 0 patent impairment related to continuing operations in 2019. Based upon the Company's review in 2020 it was determined that 4 of the patents are related to business areas that will no longer be pursued by the Company. The recorded value of these patents of $71 thousand was written off in 2020. In addition, a 5th patent impairmentswas similarly identified and determined that it is of value to an identified third party. The Company is currently in 2018 or 2017.negotiations to sell this patent and has determined that legal work of approximately $50 thousand would be necessary to prepare the patent for sale. The Company recorded a contra asset in the amount of $50 thousand related to this patent, which reduced the amount of the patent held for sale from $206 thousand to $156 thousand.


Other intangible assets consist of software acquired with Response Genetics and vivoPharm’s customer list and trade name, which are allhistorically were amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets which range from three toof ten years. FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment,” provides guidance for the impairment of long-lived assets that are classified as held and used. In particular, the relevant guidance is included in the “Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Asset” subsections of ASC 360-10. Long-lived assets are required to be tested for impairment if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset group to which they belong may not be recoverable. If the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable, an impairment loss is measured based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset group over the fair value of the asset group. VivoPharm experienced an operating loss of approximately $1.5 million for the 12 months ended December 31, 2020 which was determined to be an indicator of impairment. Based upon the actual results for the first two months of the 2021 fiscal year, the Company updated the forecasted the operating results for the period from 2021 through 2026, the amortization period of the Company’s intangible assets and determine that the fair value of the intangible assets which was calculated using the present value of future cashflows, did not support its carrying value resulting in an impairment charge of $2.1 million, which was recorded in operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Research and development: Research and development costs associated with service and product development include direct costs of payroll, employee benefits, stock-based compensation and supplies and an allocation of indirect costs including rent, utilities, depreciation and repairs and maintenance. All research and development costs are expensed as they are incurred.
Stock-based compensation: Stock-based compensation is accounted for in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all stock-based awards made to employees and directors based on estimated fair values on the grant date. We estimateThe Company estimates the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods using the straight-line method. See additional information in Note 13.12.
All issuances of stock options or other issuances of equity instruments to employees as the consideration for services received by usthe Company are accounted for based on the fair value of the equity instrument issued.
We account for stock-based compensation awards to non-employees in accordance with ASC 505-50, Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees. Under ASC 505-50, we determine the fair value of the warrants or stock-based compensation awards granted as either the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. Stock-based compensation awards issued to non-employees are recorded in expense and additional paid-in capital in stockholders’ equity over the applicable service periods based on the fair value of the awards or consideration received at the vesting date.
Fair value of financial instruments: The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximate their estimated fair values due to the short termshort-term maturities of those financial instruments. The fair value of warrants recorded as derivative liabilities, the note payable to VenturEast, the Earn-Out from siParadigm, and other derivativesthe Excess Consideration Note are described in Notes 1514 and 16.15.
Joint venture accounted for under the equity methodSubsequent events: The Company records its joint venture investment following the equity method of accounting, reflecting its initial investment in the joint venture and its share of the joint venture’s net earnings or losses and distributions. The Company’s share of the joint venture’s net loss was approximately $154,000 and $22,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and is included in research and development expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss. The Company has a net receivable due from the joint venture of approximately $10,000 at both December 31, 2018 and 2017, which is included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See additional information in Note 19.
Subsequent events: We have evaluated potential subsequent events through the date the financial statements were issued.issued within our Annual Report on Form 10-K.


Recent Accounting Pronouncements: In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements (with the exception of short-term leases). The standard will become effective for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. In July 2018,2019, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, “Leases2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements” that allows entities to recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit in the period of adoption. We plan to adopt this guidance on January 1, 2019 using this new transition guidance. We currently expect to use the package of practical expedients which allows us to not (1) reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are considered a lease; (2) reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (3) reassess the initial direct costs for any existing leases. We also expect to elect not to apply the recognition requirements for short-term leases and to include both the lease and non-lease components as a single component for all classes of assets. We are substantially complete with our implementation assessment and estimate the adoption will result in the addition of approximately $2,900,000 of assets and liabilities to our Consolidated Balance Sheet, with no significant changes to our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss or Cash Flows.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350)740): “Simplifying the Accounting for Goodwill ImpairmentIncome Taxes,” which removes the requirement to perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual periods beginning after December

15, 2019, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted and applied prospectively. We do not expect ASU 2017-04 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): “(Part 1) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features (Part 2) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception.” This guidance changes the methodology for determining the liability or equity classification of certain financial instruments with a down round feature and clarifies existing disclosure requirements for equity-classified instruments, among other things. The revised guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted and applied retrospectively. We plan to adopt the guidance on its effective date and do not expect it to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): “Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which simplifies the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions. Underincome taxes by removing certain exceptions to the new guidance, equity-classified share-based payment awards issued to nonemployees will now be measured on the grant date, insteadgeneral principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of the previous requirement to remeasure the awards through the performance completion date. Awards that include performance conditions will recognize compensation cost when the achievementand simplify GAAP for other areas of the performance condition is probable, rather than upon achievement of the performance condition. Finally, the current requirement to reassess the classification (equity or liability) for nonemployee awards will be eliminated, except for awards in the form of convertible instruments.Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, but no earlier than the adoption of ASC 606. We plan to adopt the guidance on January 1, 2019. The adoption of ASU 2018-07 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): “Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract,” which clarifies the accounting for implementation costs in cloud computing arrangements. The updatestandard will become effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 20192020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating whether it will early adopt. The guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01, Investments - Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments - Equity Method and may be adopted either retrospectivelyJoint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), which clarified that before applying or prospectively.upon discontinuing the equity method of accounting for an investment in equity securities, an entity should consider observable transactions that require it to apply or discontinue the equity method of accounting for the purposes of applying the fair value measurement alternative. The amended guidance will become effective for the Company on January 1, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. We planThe Company does not believe this standard will have a material impact on its financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides temporary optional guidance to adoptease the guidance onpotential burden of accounting for reference rate reform due to the effective date and are currently evaluating the impactscessation of the London Interbank Offered Rate, commonly referred to as “LIBOR.” The temporary guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, relationships, and
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transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The provisions of the temporary optional guidance are only available until December 31, 2022, when the reference rate reform activity is expected to be substantially complete. When adopted, entities may apply the provisions as of the beginning of the reporting period when the election is made. The Company does not believe this standard will have a material impact on its financial statements and has yet to elect an adoption date.

In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-10, Codification Improvements. For public business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The amendments in this update do not change U.S. GAAP and, therefore, are not expected to result in a significant change in practice. Section A was removed from the final update of ASU 2020-10. Section B of this update contains amendments that improve the consistency of the Codification by including all disclosure guidance in the appropriate Disclosure Section (Section 50). Section C of this update contains Codification improvements that vary in nature. Management does not expect that adoption of this ASUguidance will have a significant impact on our consolidatedthe Company’s financial statements.
Earnings (loss) per share: Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares assumed to be outstanding during the period of computation. Diluted earnings per share is computed similar to basic earnings per share except that the numerator is adjusted for the change in fair value of the warrant liability (only if dilutive) and the denominator is increased to include the number of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. For all periods presented, all common stock equivalents outstanding were anti-dilutive.
Basic net loss and diluted net loss per share data were computed as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
  2018 2017
Numerator:    
Net (loss) for basic and dilutive earnings per share $(20,373) $(20,880)
Denominator:    
Weighted-average basic and dilutive common shares outstanding 27,291
 20,663
Basic and dilutive net loss per share $(0.75) $(1.01)

The following table summarizes potentially dilutive adjustments to the weighted average number of common shares which were excluded from the calculation (in thousands):

20202019
Common stock purchase warrants206 279 
Stock options56 64 
262 343 

  2018 2017
Common stock purchase warrants 10,055
 10,055
Stock options 3,004
 2,844
Restricted shares of common stock 29
 705
Convertible note 3,077
 —
Advance from NovellusDx, Ltd. 2,562
 —
  18,727
 13,604

Note 4.3. Revenue and Accounts Receivable


Revenue by service type for eachThe Company has remaining performance obligations as of the years ended December 31, is comprised2020 and 2019 of the following (in thousands):
  2018 2017
Biopharma Services $14,828
 $14,629
Clinical Services 7,429
 10,774
Discovery Services 5,213
 3,718
  $27,470
 $29,121
The table above includes approximately $4,932,000$1.0 million and $2,717,000$1.2 million, respectively. Deferred revenue of Discovery Services revenue$1.2 million from our acquisition of vivoPharm for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Accounts receivable by service type at2019 was recognized as revenue in 2020. Remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 consists2020 of the following (in thousands):approximately $1.0 million are expected to be recognized as revenue in 2021.
  2018 2017
Biopharma Services $3,692
 $3,746
Clinical Services 6,031
 12,205
Discovery Services 777
 1,546
Allowance for doubtful accounts (3,462) (6,539)
  $7,038
 $10,958

Revenue for Biopharma Services are customized solutions for patient stratification and treatment selection through an extensive suite of DNA-based testing services. Biopharma Services are billed to pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Clinical Services are tests performed to provide information on diagnosis, prognosis and theranosis of cancers to guide patient management. Clinical Services tests can be billed to Medicare, another third party insurer or the referring community hospital or other healthcare facility. Discovery Services are services that provide the tools and testing methods for companies and researchers seeking to identify new DNA-based biomarkers for disease. The breakdown of our Clinical Services revenue (as a percent of total revenue) is as follows:

  2018 2017
Medicare 8% 12%
Other third party payors 19% 25%
Total Clinical Services 27% 37%
We have historically derived a significant portion of our revenue from a limited number of test ordering sites. Test ordering sites account for all of our Clinical Services revenue. Our test ordering sites are largely hospitals, cancer centers, reference laboratories, physician offices and biopharmaceutical companies. Oncologists and pathologists at these sites order the tests on behalf of the needs of their oncology patients or as part of a clinical trial sponsored by a biopharmaceutical company in which the patient is being enrolled. We generally do not have formal, long-term written agreements with such test ordering sites, and, as a result, we may lose a significant test ordering site at any time.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, no Biopharma clients2020, four customers accounted for more than 10%approximately 61% of our revenue.the Company's consolidated revenue from continuing operations. During the year ended December 31, 2017, one Biopharma client2019, three customers accounted for approximately 11%61% of our revenue.the Company's consolidated revenue from continuing operations.


During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, approximately 39% and 20%, respectively, of the Company's continuing operations revenue was earned outside the United States and collected in local currency.

Note 5.4. Other Current Assets


At December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
20202019
Lab supplies$162 $77 
Prepaid expenses475 469 
$637 $546 
  2018 2017
Inventory $144
 $144
Lab supplies 1,294
 1,690
Prepaid expenses 710
 873
  $2,148
 $2,707


Note 6.5. Lease Commitments


We lease ourOperating Leases

The Company leases its laboratory, research facility and administrative office space under various operating leases. Following the Business Disposals, the Company assigned its office leases in North Carolina and New Jersey to the Buyer. At
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December 31, 2018, we have2020, the Company has approximately 17,900 square feet of office and laboratory space in Rutherford, New Jersey, 24,900 square feet in Morrisville, North Carolina, 5,800 square feet in Hershey, Pennsylvania and 1,959 square feet in Bundoora, Australia. During 2018, we had a lease agreement for approximately 19,100 square feet of laboratory space in Los Angeles, California which expired on December 31, 2018. At December 31, 2018, we owed the California landlord approximately $164,000. For a portion of 2018, we also had 10,000 square feet in Hyderabad, India, which was vacated in April 2018. We haveThe Company has escalating lease agreements for our New Jersey, North Carolina,its Pennsylvania and Australia spaces, which expire February 2023, May 2020, November 2020in January 2022 and June 2021, respectively. These leases require monthly rent with periodic rent increases that vary from $0.32 to $0.85 per square foot of the rented premises per year. The difference between minimum rent and straight-line rent is recorded as deferred rent payable.increases. The terms of ourthe Company's former New Jersey lease requirerequired that a $350,000$350 thousand security deposit for the facility be held in a stand by letter of credit in favor of the landlord (see Note 8)7). In addition, under the assignment of leases related to the Company's New Jersey headquarters, the Buyer became obligated to replace the $350 thousand letter of credit held by the New Jersey landlord and secured by the Company's cash collateral in August 2019; however, the letter of credit was not replaced until April 2020. The cash collateral was released on May 20, 2020.


We acquired officeThe Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, obligations under operating leases, current portion, and obligations under operating leases, less current portion on its Consolidated Balance Sheets.

ROU assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease obligations represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease obligations are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. As the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company's incremental borrowing rate was determined by adjusting its secured borrowing interest rate for the longer-term nature of its leases. The Company's variable lease payments primarily consist of maintenance and other operating expenses from its real estate leases. Variable lease payments are excluded from the ROU assets and lease liabilities and are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives incurred. The Company's lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. The Company has elected to account for these lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. The Company is also electing not to apply the recognition requirements to short-term leases of twelve months or less and instead will recognize lease payments as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company did not enter into any significant operating leases during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. The Company remeasured the remaining life of its Pennsylvania lease during 2020, resulting in an increase in its ROU asset and related lease liability of $264 thousand.

Finance Leases

The Company also leases scientific equipment under long termvarious finance leases, which have been capitalized at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Finance leases are included in fixed assets, net of accumulated depreciation and obligations under finance leases. The equipment under these capitalfinance leases had a cost of $1,493,579$272 thousand and accumulated depreciation of $623,867,$161 thousand, as of December 31, 2018.2020 and 2019. The amortization of equipment under finance leases is recorded in depreciation expense.


The components of operating and finance lease expense were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 for continuing operations (in thousands):
20202019
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of use assets$56 $35 
Interest on lease liabilities10 13 
Operating lease cost318 220 
Short-term lease cost129 109 
Variable lease cost60 55 
$573 $432 

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Supplemental cash flow related to operating and finance leases of the Company's continuing operations was as follows for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

20202019
Cash paid amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows used for operating leases$318 $220 
 Financing cash flows used for finance leases$94 $72 

Minimum future lease payments under all capitalfinance and operating leases as of December 31, 20182020 are as follows (in thousands):
 
Finance
Leases		Operating
Leases		Total
December 31,
2021$41 $234 $275 
202235 31 66 
202336 3 39 
20249 0 9 
Total minimum lease payments121 268 389 
Less amount representing interest14 13 27 
Present value of net minimum obligations107 255 362 
Less current obligation under finance and operating leases35 223 258 
Long-term obligation under finance and operating leases$72 $32 $104 
  
Capital
Leases
 
Operating
Leases
 Total
December 31,      
2019 $394
 $1,388
 $1,782
2020 249
 969
 1,218
2021 121
 598
 719
2022 13
 563
 576
2023 —
 94
 94
Total minimum lease payments $777
 $3,612
 $4,389
Less amount representing interest 68
    
Present value of net minimum obligations 709
    
Less current obligation under capital lease 330
    
Long-term obligation under capital lease $379
    


Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2018Other supplemental information related to operating and 2017 was approximately $1.76 million and $1.79 million, respectively.

Note 7. Financing

Line of Credit and Term Note

On March 22, 2017, we entered into a new two year asset-based revolving line of credit agreement with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”). The SVB credit facility provided for an asset-based line of credit (“ABL”) for an amount not to exceed the lesser of

(a) $6.0 million or (b) an amount equal to 80% of eligible accounts receivable plus the lesser of 50%finance leases of the net collectible value of third party accounts receivable or three times the average monthly collection amount of third party accounts receivable over the previous quarter. The ABL required monthly interest payments at the Wall Street Journal prime rate plus 1.5% (7.0%Company's continuing operations was as follows at December 31, 2018)2020 and was scheduled to mature on March 22, 2019. We paid to SVB a $30,000 commitment fee at closing and pay a fee of 0.25% per year on the average unused portion of the ABL. In August 2018, the maximum borrowings were reduced2019:
20202019
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years):
Operating leases1.150.99
Finance leases3.133.35
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases7.25 %7.98 %
Finance leases8.18 %8.21 %

Note 6. Financing

Advance from $6.0 million to $3.0 million. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the ABL had a principal balance of $2,620,984 and $4,136,907, respectively, which is the maximum amount allowed based on eligible accounts receivable at the time and the timing of cash collections from accounts receivable. Subsequent to year-end, the interest rate was adjusted to the Wall Street Journal prime rate plus 2.25% and the maturity date was extended through April 15, 2019, subject to the Company satisfying certain milestones of the forbearance agreement discussed in Note 21.NDX.


On March 22, 2017, we concurrently entered into a three year $6.0 million term loan agreement (“PFG Term Note”) with Partners for Growth IV, L.P. (“PFG”). The PFG Term Note is an interest only loan with the full principal and any outstanding interest due at maturity on March 22, 2020. Interest is payable monthly at a rate of 11.5% per annum. We may prepay the PFG Term Note in whole or part at any time without penalty. We paid PFG a commitment fee of $120,000 at closing. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the PFG Term Note had a principal balance of $6,000,000.

Both loan agreements require us to comply with certain financial covenants, including minimum adjusted EBITDA, revenue and liquidity covenants, and restrict us from, among other things, paying cash dividends, incurring debt and entering into certain transactions without the prior consent of the lenders. Repayment of amounts borrowed under the loan agreements may be accelerated if an event of default occurs, which includes, among other things, a violation of such financial covenants and negative covenants. As of December 31, 2018, January 31, 2019, February 28, 2019 and March 31, 2019, we were in violation of certain financial covenants. In January 2019, we entered into forbearance agreements with both lenders, as discussed in Note 21. However, we will not be able to close on a strategic transaction on or before April 15, 2019, and no assurance can be given that we will be able to extend the maturity of the ABL beyond April 15, 2019 or extend the forbearances beyond April 15, 2019, their current expiration date. We are in discussions with SVB and PFG about possible extensions of the forbearance agreements.

Our obligations to SVB under the ABL facility are secured by a first priority security interest on substantially all of our assets, and our obligations under the PFG Term Note are secured by a second priority security interest subordinated to the SVB lien.
In connection with the PFG Term Note, we issued seven year warrants to the lenders to purchase an aggregate of 443,262 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $2.82 per share, initially valued at $1,004,000. These warrants were subject to a 20% reduction if we achieved certain financial milestones. These warrants were initially recorded as a warrant liability, and all subsequent changes in their fair value were recognized in earnings until April 2, 2018, when the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants became fixed. See Notes 14 and 15. On June 30, 2018, the warrants were modified to adjust the exercise price from $2.82 per share to $0.92 per share.

At December 31, 2018, the principal amount of the PFG Term Note of $6,000,000 was due in 2020; however, due to the forbearance agreement, the debt is now considered due on demand and is presented as a current liability. As a result of financial covenant violations at December 31, 2017, we fully amortized debt issuance costs on the PFG Term Note and the ABL, resulting in additional interest expense of approximately $220,000, as well as approximately $796,000 of interest expense to accrete the remaining discount on debt on the PFG Term Note.

Convertible Note

On July 17,September 18, 2018, the Company entered into a merger agreement with NDX. In connection with signing the Convertiblemerger agreement, NDX loaned the Company $1.5 million. On October 21, 2019, the Company and NDX entered into a settlement agreement (“NDX Settlement Agreement”). The NDX Settlement Agreement required the Company to pay $100 thousand on the date of execution and $1.0 million upon receipt of proceeds from the Excess Consideration Note. The $1.0 million payment was made in October 2019. As a result of such payment, pursuant to the NDX Settlement Agreement, the balance of the Advance from NDX was reduced to $450 thousand and each party released the other from all claims under the original credit agreement and the Merger Agreement. The remaining amount due was to be paid in nine monthly payments of $50 thousand commencing in November 2019. The NDX Settlement Agreement adjusted the interest rate of the obligation to 0%. In July 2020, the Company paid the final $50 thousand on the Advance from NDX.

Atlas Sciences Note with
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On October 21, 2019, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note to Atlas Sciences, an affiliate of Iliad, Research and Trading, L.P.for $1.3 million (“Iliad”Note Payable”), with an initial principal amount of $2,625,000.. The Company received consideration of $2,500,000,$1.3 million, reflecting an original issue discount of $100,000$88 thousand and expenses payable by the Company of $25,000.$10 thousand. The Convertible Note Payable has an 18 montha 12-month term and carriesbears interest at 10% per annum. The note is convertible into shares ofproceeds from the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $0.80 per share upon 5 trading days’ notice, subjectNote Payable were utilized to certain adjustments (standard dilution) and ownership limitations specified inpartially repay the Convertible Note and resulted in a beneficial conversion feature discount of approximately $328,000. At December 31, 2018, the principal amount of the Convertible Note was $2,625,000.

IliadNote. Atlas Sciences may redeem any portion of the Convertible Note,note, at any time after six months from the issueissuance date upon 5 trading days’three business days' notice, subject to a monthly maximum monthly redemption amount of $650,000, with the Company having the option to pay such redemptions in cash, the Company’s common stock at the Conversion Price, or by a combination thereof, subject to certain conditions, including that the stock price is $1.00 per share or higher. Subsequent to year-end, the Company entered into a standstill agreement with Iliad to delay Iliad’s right to request monthly redemptions for an additional three months, as described in Note 21.$300 thousand. The Company may prepay the Note Payable at any time without penalty. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, Atlas Sciences can elect to adjust the interest rate to 22% per annum and/or apply the default effect, which increases the outstanding balance of the Convertible Note in part or in full, at a 10% premium to

par value if prior to the one year anniversary ofPayable by 15% on the date of issuance and at par if prepaid thereafter. At maturity, the Company may pay the outstanding balance in cash, the Company’s common stock at the Conversion Price, or by a combination thereof, subject to certain conditions. The note provides that in the event of default, the lender may, at its option, elect to increase the outstanding balance applying the default effect (defined as outstanding balance at date of default multiplied by 15% plus outstanding amount) by providing written notice to the Company. In addition, the interest rate increases to 22% upon default. The default effect and default interest rate provisions qualify as embedded derivatives with an estimated fair value of $55,000 at December 31, 2018.

The Convertible Note is the general unsecured obligation of the Company and is subordinated in right of payment to the ABL and PFG Term Note. The following is a summary of the Convertible Note balance at December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

Convertible Note, net of discounts of $136$2,489
Less unamortized debt issuance costs8
Convertible Note, net$2,481

Advance from NDX

In connection with signing the Merger Agreement described in Note 1, NDX agreed to loan us $1,500,000. Interest originally accrued on the outstanding balance at 10.75% per annum, and the advance was to mature upon the earlier of March 31, 2019 or the date on which the Merger Agreement was terminated in accordance with its terms (or ninety days thereafter in the case of certain causes for termination). Upon certain events of default, NDX would be able to convert all, but not less than all, of the outstanding balance into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $0.606 per share, which qualified as a contingent beneficial conversion feature that would only be recognized if a default occurs.

On December 15, 2018, we terminated the Merger Agreement. As a result, the Advance from NDX, plus interest thereon, became due and payable on March 15, 2019, and the interest rate was increased on December 15, 2018 to 21% due to an event of default. As a result of the default, the Company recognized the beneficial conversion feature discount of approximately $1,173,000. The default interest rate provision qualifies as an embedded derivative with an estimated fair value of $31,000 at December 31, 2018. At December 31, 2018,2019, the Note Payable had a principal balance of the Credit Agreement was $1,500,000,$1.3 million, which is presented net of discounts and unamortized debt issuance costs of $64 thousand and $7 thousand, respectively.

Between June 3, 2020 and September 23, 2020, the unamortized beneficial conversion featureCompany issued an aggregate of approximately $965,000 in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The Advance from NDX is the general unsecured obligation399 thousand shares of the Company and is subordinatedCompany's common stock, with a fair value of $1.6 million, to Atlas Sciences in right of paymentexchange for the return to the ABL and PFG Term Note, provided that NDX has asserted that its obligation to standstill under its subordination agreements will not be applicable at a time when the Company attains certain levels of unrestricted cash, as a result of the Company having improperly terminatedremaining principal and interest from its unsecured promissory note, as such the Merger Agreement.Note Payable balance on December 31, 2020 was $0. The Company does not believe it improperly terminated the Merger Agreement.incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt of $119 thousand which is recorded as interest expense.


Note 8.7. Letter of Credit


We maintainThe Company maintained a $350,000$350 thousand letter of credit in favor of ourits former landlord pursuant to the terms of the lease for ourits Rutherford facility. At December 31, 2018 and 2017,2019, the letter of credit was fully secured by the restricted cash disclosed on ourthe Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Under the assignment of leases related to the Company's New Jersey headquarters, the Buyer became obligated to replace a $350 thousand letter of credit held by the New Jersey landlord and secured by the Company's cash collateral in August 2019; however, the letter of credit was not replaced until April 2020. The cash collateral was released on May 20, 2020.


Note 9.8. Fixed Assets


Fixed assets are summarized by major classifications as follows (in thousands):
20202019
Equipment$1,078 $1,000 
Furniture and fixtures22 53 
1,100 1,053 
Less accumulated depreciation(652)(495)
Net fixed assets$448 $558 
  2018 2017
Equipment $9,858
 $11,030
Furniture and fixtures 1,130
 1,076
Leasehold improvements 1,077
 924
Internal use software 1,172
 675
  13,237
 13,705
Less accumulated depreciation (9,181) (8,155)
Net fixed assets $4,056
 $5,550


Depreciation expense recognized during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2018 was $166 thousand and $159 thousand, respectively.


The fixed assets in the table above include foreign currency translation adjustments that were de minimis during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

Note 10.9. Patents and Other Intangible Assets


Patents and other intangible assets consist of the following at December 31, 20182020 and 2017:2019 (in thousands):

20202019
Patents$0 $981 
Customer list0 2,738 
Trade name0 477 
0 4,196 
Less accumulated amortization0 (1,301)
Net patent and other intangible assets$0 $2,895 

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      Weighted-Average
      Remaining
  (in thousands) (in thousands) Amortization
  2018 2017 Period
Patents $1,800
 $1,769
 4 years
Software 446
 446
 0 years
Customer list - vivoPharm acquisition 2,738
 2,738
 9 years
Trade name - vivoPharm acquisition 477
 477
 9 years
  5,461
 5,430
  
Less accumulated amortization (1,457) (952)  
Net patent and other intangible assets $4,004
 $4,478
  
The Company holds several patents that are considered intangible assets and are subject to amortization. During the 4th quarter of 2020 management reviewed the Company’s patent portfolio and determined that 4 of the patents ("New Jersey patents") are related to business areas that will no longer be pursued by the Company. In addition, a fifth patent known as the TOO patent was similarly identified and determined that it would be held for sale. The Company wrote off the net book value of the New Jersey patents in the amount of $71 thousand and recorded a contra asset of $50 thousand as an estimate to prepare the TOO asset for sale. The book value of the TOO patent held for sale was $156 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2020 and is recorded as a current asset.
The customer list and trade name in the table above include foreign currency translation gainsadjustments that were de minimis during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Other intangible assets consisted of vivoPharm’s customer list and trade name, which historically were amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets of ten years. FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment,” provides guidance for the impairment of long-lived assets that are classified as held and used. In particular, the relevant guidance is included in the “Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Asset” subsections of ASC 360-10. Long-lived assets are required to be tested for impairment if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset group to which they belong may not be recoverable. If the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable, an impairment loss is measured based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset group over the fair value of the asset group. VivoPharm experienced an operating loss of approximately $38,000 and $17,000, respectively, at$1.5 million for the 12 months ended December 31, 2017. Foreign currency translation adjustments were de minimus during2020 which was determined to be an indicator of impairment. Based upon the actual results for the first two months of the 2021 fiscal year, the Company updated the forecasted operating results for the period from 2021 through 2026, the amortization period of the Company’s intangible assets and determine that the fair value of the intangible assets which was calculated using the present value of future cashflows, did not support its carrying value resulting in an impairment charge of $2.1 million, which was recorded in operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018.2020.
Future amortization
Amortization expense for legally approved patents (excluding patent applications in progress of approximately $601,000 as ofrecognized during the years ended December 31, 2018)2020 and other intangible assets, is estimated as follows2019 was $462 thousand and $454 thousand, respectively.

Note 10. Income Taxes

Loss from continuing and discontinuing operations before income tax provision (benefit) consisted of the following (in thousands):
For the Year Ended December 31
20202019
United States$(7,520)$(5,619)
Foreign(481)(1,601)
Total$(8,001)$(7,220)
2019$488
2020482
2021479
2022411
2023347
Thereafter1,196
Total$3,403

Note 11. Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. federal government enacted legislation commonly referred to as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (the “TCJA”). The TCJA makes widespread changes to the Internal Revenue Code, including, among other things, a reduction in the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. The carrying value of deferred tax assets and liabilities is also determined by the enacted U.S. corporate income tax rate. Consequently, the U.S. corporate tax rate impacted the carrying value of our deferred tax assets and liabilities. Under the new corporate tax rate of 21%, deferred income tax assets, net of deferred tax liabilities have decreased by $15.2 million as of December 31, 2017. There was no net effect of the tax reform enactment on the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2017 due to full valuation allowance on the net deferred tax assets.

The adoption of ASC 606 primarily resulted in a deceleration of revenue as of December 31, 2017, which in turn increased our existing deferred tax asset for amounts that had previously been included in revenue. As we have provided a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets, the aggregate impact of adopting ASC 606 was offset by a corresponding increase to the valuation allowance.


The provision (benefit) for income taxes from continuing and discontinuing operations consisted of the following (in thousands):
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For the Year Ended December 31
20202019
Current:
State$0 $(512)
Deferred:
Federal$(846)$687 
State(145)766 
Foreign(433)(167)
(1,424)1,286 
Change in valuation allowance1,424 (1,286)
Total deferred$0 $0 
Total$0 $(512)

The provision (benefit) for income taxes from continuing and discontinuing operations for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 differs from the approximate amount of income tax benefit determined by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to pre-tax loss, due to the following:
 

 Year Ended December 31, 2020Year Ended December 31, 2019
 Amount
(in thousands)		% of
Pretax
Loss		Amount
(in thousands)		% of
Pretax
Loss
Income tax benefit at federal statutory rate$(1,680)21.0 %$(1,516)21.0 %
State tax provision, net of federal tax benefit(148)1.8 %223 (3.1)%
Tax credits20 (0.2)%136 (1.9)%
Stock based compensation16 (0.2)%997 (13.8)%
Derivative warrants(41)0.5 %(30)0.4 %
Goodwill impairment0 0 %604 (8.4)%
Change in valuation allowance1,424 (17.8)%(1,286)17.8 %
Gain on sale of businesses115 (1.4)%0 0 %
Merger costs170 (2.1)%246 (3.4)%
Foreign operations124 (1.6)%109 (1.5)%
Other0 0 %5 0 %
Income tax (benefit) provision$0 0 %$(512)7.1 %

  For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
  Amount
(in thousands)		 % of
Pretax
Loss		 Amount
(in thousands)		 % of
Pretax
Loss
Income tax benefit at federal statutory rate $(4,278) 21.0 % $(8,036) 35.0 %
State tax provision, net of federal tax benefit 226
 (1.1)% (707) 3.1 %
Tax credits (60) 0.3 % (545) 2.4 %
Stock based compensation 211
 (1.0)% 2,333
 (10.2)%
Derivative warrants (766) 3.7 % 687
 (3.0)%
Change in valuation allowance 4,048
 (19.9)% (11,551) 50.3 %
Foreign operations 508
 (2.5)% 15
 (0.1)%
Remeasurement of deferred taxes under TCJA —
 — % 15,205
 (66.2)%
Other 111
 (0.5)% 520
 (2.3)%
Income tax (benefit) provision $—
 — % $(2,079) 9.0 %
In February 2017, weOn April 4, 2019, the Company sold $18,177,059$11.6 million of gross State of New Jersey NOL’s relating to the 2014 and 20152017 tax yearsyear as well as $167,572$72 thousand of state research and development tax credits, resulting in the receipt of approximately $970,000,$512 thousand, net of expenses. In December 2017, we sold $15,876,736 of gross State of New Jersey NOL’s relating to the 2011 and 2016 tax years as well as $523,385 of state research and development tax credits, resulting in the receipt of approximately $1,109,000, net of expenses. We transferred the NOL carryforwards through the Technology Business Tax Certificate Transfer Program sponsored by the New Jersey Economic Development Authority.

Approximate deferred taxes consist of the following components as of December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 (in thousands):
 
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 2018 201720202019
Deferred tax assets:    Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards $25,999
 $23,135
Net operating loss carryforwards$27,300 $26,317 
Accruals and reserves 4,328
 2,656
Accruals and reserves1,212 1,544 
Stock based compensation 1,020
 1,052
Stock based compensation87 75 
Research and development tax credits 1,936
 1,876
Research and development tax credits1,780 1,800 
Derivative warrant liability 17
 17
Derivative warrant liability17 17 
Interest deduction carryforwardInterest deduction carryforward1,500 1,470 
Investment in joint venture 162
 161
Investment in joint venture0 161 
Intangible assetsIntangible assets114 0 
Other 6
 5
Other6 6 
Total deferred tax assets 33,468
 28,902
Total deferred tax assets32,016 31,390 
Less valuation allowance (31,783) (27,083)Less valuation allowance(31,921)(30,497)
Net deferred tax assets 1,685
 1,819
Net deferred tax assets95 893 
Deferred tax liabilities    Deferred tax liabilities
Fixed assets (352) (379)Fixed assets(95)(132)
Goodwill and intangible assets (1,333) (1,440)Goodwill and intangible assets0 (761)
Net deferred taxes $—
 $—
Net deferred taxes$0 $0 


Due to a history of losses we havethe Company has generated since inception, we believethe Company believes it is more-likely-than-not that all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017.2019. Therefore, we havethe Company has recorded a full valuation allowance on ourits deferred tax assets. As a result of the TCJA,Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the federal net operating losses incurred after 2017 will have an indefinite carryforward. At December 31, 2018, we have2020, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately $118$120.6 million, of which approximately $99$98.9 million could expire over time, beginning in 2027, if not used. At December 31, 2020, the Company has $3.7 million of Australian net operating loss carryforwards and $20.1 million of New Jersey net operating loss carryforwards. At December 31, 2020, the Company also had $1.8 million of federal research and development tax credits, which expire in varying amounts between the years 2021 and 2038. Utilization of these carryforwards is subject to limitation due to ownership changes that may delay the utilization of a portion of the carryforwards.


Note 12.11. Capital Stock


2017 OfferingReverse Stock Split


On December 8, 2017, we sold 3,500,000October 24, 2019, the Company amended its Certificate of Incorporation and effected a 30-for-1 reverse stock split of its common stock. All shares and per share information referenced throughout the consolidated financial statements and footnotes have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split.

2020 Offerings
On October 28, 2020, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“Wainwright”), relating to an underwritten public offering of 1.6 million shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase 3,500,000 shares of common stock in a public offering (“2017 Offering”). The offering resulted in gross proceeds of $7.0 million. The 2017 Offering warrants have an exercise price of $2.35 per share of common stock. In addition, we issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 175,000 shares of common stock at $2.50 per share to the placement agent (“Wainwright Warrants”). Subject to certain ownership limitations, these warrants were initially exercisable 6 months from the issuance date and are exercisable for 12 months from the initial exercise date. These warrants include a contingent net cash settlement feature, as described further in Note 14.

2019 Offerings

In January 2019, we closed two public offerings and issued an aggregate of28,550,726 shares ofits common stock for approximately $5,412,000,$2.20 per share. The Company received proceeds from the offering of $2.9 million, net of expenses and discounts of $1,088,000. See Note 21$534 thousand. The Company also issued warrants to purchase 94 thousand shares of common stock to Wainwright in connection with this offering. The warrants are exercisable for additional information.five years from the date of issuance at a per share price of $2.42.

Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Aspire Capital


On August 14, 2017, weDecember 2, 2020, Cancer Genetics, Inc. entered into a Common Stock Purchasean At The Market Offering Agreement (the “Purchase“ATM Agreement”) with Aspire Capital Fund, LLC, an Illinois limited liability company (“Aspire Capital”),Wainwright, as sales agent, pursuant to which provides that Aspire Capital is committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $16 million of our common stock (the “Purchase Shares”)the Company may offer and sell, from time to time overthrough Wainwright, shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of up to $2.4 million. On December 8, 2020, the 24-month termCompany received proceeds from the offering of $159 thousand, net of expenses and discounts of $6 thousand in exchange for 50 thousand shares. The Company suspended the offering of shares under the ATM Agreement on February 10, 2021.

2019 Offerings

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On January 9, 2019, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC ("Wainwright”), relating to an underwritten public offering of 445 thousand shares of its common stock for $6.75 per share. The Company received proceeds from the offering of $2.4 million, net of expenses and discounts of $563 thousand. The Company also issued warrants to purchase 31 thousand shares of common stock to Wainwright in connection with this offering. The warrants are exercisable for five years from the date of issuance at a per share price of $7.43. The warrants had a fair value of $168 thousand on the date of issuance and are classified as equity in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet.

On January 26, 2019, the Company issued 507 thousand shares of common stock at a public offering price of $6.90 per share. The Company received proceeds from the offering of $3.0 million, net of expenses and discounts of $525 thousand. The Company also issued warrants to purchase 36 thousand shares of common stock to the underwriter, Wainwright, in connection with this offering. The warrants are exercisable for five years from the date of issuance at a per share price of $7.59. The warrants had a fair value of $183 thousand on the date of issuance and are classified as equity in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The January 9, 2019 and January 26, 2019 offerings will be referred to collectively as the “2019 Offerings.” As disclosed in Note 18, certain of the Company's directors and executive officers purchased shares in the 2019 Offerings at the public offering price.

Conversions and Exchanges of Debt into Common Stock

Between June 3, 2020 and September 23, 2020, the Company issued an aggregate of approximately 399 thousand shares of the Company's common stock, with a fair value of $1.6 million, to Atlas Sciences in exchange for the return to the Company of the remaining principal and interest from its unsecured promissory note, as such the Note Payable balance on December 31, 2020 was $0.

On November 20, 2020, the Company entered into Warrant Exchange and Amendment Agreements with certain holders of warrants issued in offerings in 2016 (the “Exchange Warrants”). Pursuant to the Exchange Agreements, the Holders agreed to amend each of the Purchase Agreement. Aspire Capital made an initial purchaseAgreements so that the Company will no longer be prohibited from effecting or agreeing to affect any Variable Rate Transactions. In addition, pursuant to the Exchange Agreements, the Company offered the Holders the opportunity to exchange in full all their Exchange Warrants in exchange for 0.2 shares of 1,000,000 Purchase Shares (the “Initial Purchase”) at a purchase price of $3.00the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share onfor each share of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of an Exchange Warrant being exchanged. Further, the commencementCompany agreed not to issue or agree to issue any Common Stock or Common Stock equivalents for a period of 5 trading days from the effective date of the agreement.Exchange Agreements, subject to certain exceptions. The Company issued an aggregate of 11 thousand shares of common stock pursuant to the Exchange Agreements.


AsIn May 2019, Iliad converted $350 thousand of the Convertible Note into an aggregate of 51 thousand shares of the Company's common stock at a conversion price of $6.82 per share.

During the year ended December 31, 2017,2019, the Company has sold 1,000,000issued 174 thousand shares under this agreement at $3.00 per share, resultingof common stock to Iliad in proceedsexchange for the return of approximately $2,965,000, net$612 thousand of offering costs of approximately $35,000. The Company has also issued 320,000 shares as consideration for entering into the Purchase Agreement. The Company has not deferred any offering costs associated with this agreement. No shares were sold during 2018principal amounts due under the Purchase Agreement. Due toConvertible Note using the priceexchange date fair market value of the Company’s stock being lower than the $3.00 per share, the Company does not expect to sell more shares under the Purchase Agreement in the foreseeable future.Company's common stock.


Stock Issued to ConsultantVendor


On October 3, 2017, weDecember 4, 2019, the Company issued 2,0005 thousand shares of common stock to a consultantvendor at a value of $2.65$7.86 per common share.share, using the exchange date fair market value of the Company's common stock.


Preferred Stock


We areThe Company is currently authorized to issue up to 9,764,0009.8 million shares of preferred stock. As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017, no2019, 0 shares of preferred stock were outstanding.


Note 13.12. Stock-Based Compensation


We have twoThe Company has 2 equity incentive plans: the 2008 Stock Option Plan (the “2008 Plan”) and the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”, and together with the 2008 Plan, the “Stock Option Plans”). The Stock Option Plans are meant to provide additional incentive to officers, employees and consultants to remain in ourthe Company's employment. Options granted are generally exercisable for up to 10 years.


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The Board of Directors adopted the 2011 Plan on June 30, 2011 and reserved 350,000105 thousand shares of common stock for issuance, under the 2011 Plan. On May 22, 2014, May 14, 2015 and on October 11, 2016, the stockholders voted to increase the number of shares reserved by the plan to 2,000,000, 2,650,000, and 3,150,000 shares of common stock, respectively, under several types of equity awards including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards and other awards defined in the 2011 Plan. At December 31, 2020, 39 thousand shares remain available for future awards under the 2011 Plan.
The Board of Directors adopted the 2008 Plan on April 29, 2008 and reserved 251,47518 thousand shares of common stock for issuance under the plan. On April 1, 2010, the stockholders voted to increase the number of shares reserved by the plan to 550,000.issuance. Effective April 9, 2018, the Company is no longer able to issue options from the 2008 Plan. Prior to April 9, 2018, we werethe Company was authorized to issue incentive stock options or non-statutory stock options to eligible participants, as defined in the 2008 Plan.



At December 31, 2018, we have 36,0002020, the Company has 1 thousand options outstanding that were issued outside of the Stock Option Plans.

At December 31, 2018, 215,988 shares remain available for future awards under the 2011 Plan.
As of December 31, 2018, no2020, 0 stock appreciation rights and 363,33412 thousand shares of restricted stock had been awarded under the Stock Option Plans.

On July 23, 2019, the Company issued 3 thousand stock options to each of its 5 non-employee directors. The options will vest in equal monthly installments over twelve months and have an exercise price of $4.50 per share. On January 2, 2020, the Company issued an aggregate of 20 thousand stock options to executives. The options will vest in equal monthly installments over twelve months and have an exercise price of $5.53 per share and a grant date fair value of $4.45 per share.
A summary of employee and non-employee stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 for both continuing and discontinuing employees is as follows:
  Options Outstanding 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (in years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in thousands)
  
Number of
Shares
(in thousands)
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Outstanding January 1, 2017 2,198
 $9.09
 7.04 $—
Granted 902
 2.85
    
Exercised (3) 2.23
    
Cancelled or expired (253) 10.34
    
Outstanding December 31, 2017 2,844
 7.00
 6.96 $4
Granted 857
 0.84
    
Cancelled or expired (697) 4.74
    
Outstanding December 31, 2018 3,004
 $5.77
 5.70 $—
Exercisable, December 31, 2018 1,868
 $8.36
 3.65 $—
 Options OutstandingWeighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (in years)		Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 Number of
Shares
(in thousands)		Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Outstanding January 1, 2019100 $173.10 5.70$4 
Granted20 5.89 
Cancelled or expired(56)182.37 
Outstanding December 31, 201964 113.63 7.48$24 
Granted20 5.53 
Cancelled or expired(28)170.67 
Outstanding December 31, 202056 $45.92 6.31$0 
Exercisable, December 31, 202052 $47.39 6.20$0 

Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the fair value of ourthe Company's common stock and the exercise price of outstanding, in-the-money options. During the yearyears ended December 31, 2018, no2020 and 2019, 0 options were exercised. We received $6,500 from the exercise of options during the year ended December 31, 2017.

As of December 31, 2018,2020, total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options granted to employees was $987,659,$62 thousand for continuing operations, which we expectthe Company expects to recognize over the next 3.061.08 years.


The fair value of options granted to employees is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. This valuation model requires usthe Company to make assumptions and judgments about the variables used in the calculation, including the expected term (the period of time that the options granted are expected to be outstanding), the volatility of ourthe Company's common stock, a risk-free interest rate, and expected dividends. We recordThe Company records forfeitures of unvested stock options when they occur. No compensation cost is recorded for options that do not vest. We useThe Company used the simplified calculation of expected life described in the SEC’s Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, Share-Based Payment, and volatility is based on the historical volatility of ourthe Company's common stock. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected life of the option. We useThe Company uses an expected dividend yield of zero,0, as we doit does not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future.

The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of options granted to continuing and discontinuing employees during the periods presented: 
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 Year Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,
 2018 2017 20202019
Volatility 77.79% 74.58%Volatility110.43 %93.86 %
Risk free interest rate 2.88% 1.98%Risk free interest rate1.68 %1.95 %
Dividend yield —
 —
Dividend yield0 0 
Term (years) 6.45
 5.92
Term (years)5.275.44
Weighted-average fair value of options granted during the period $0.59
 $1.87
Weighted-average fair value of options granted during the period$4.45 $4.32 

In May 2014, we issued 200,000 options to a Director, with an exercise price of $15.89. See Note 20 for additional information. The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of options reaching their measurement date for non-employees during the year ended December 31, 2017.
Volatility75.59%
Risk free interest rate2.24%
Dividend yield—
Term (years)6.76

Restricted stock awards have been granted to employees, directors and consultants as compensation for services. At December 31, 2018,2020, there was $62,737 of0 unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock granted to employees; we expect to recognize the cost over 0.69 years.stock.

The following table summarizes the activities for ourthe Company's non-vested restricted stock awards for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017:2019 for both continuing and discontinuing employees:
Non-vested Restricted Stock Awards
Number of Shares (in thousands)Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 20191 $102.82 
Vested(1)102.82 
Non-vested at December 31, 2020 and 20190 $0 
    Non-vested Restricted Stock Awards
    Number of Shares (in thousands) Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2017   80
 $6.30
Granted   70
 3.26
Vested   (57) 5.73
Forfeited/cancelled   (2) 11.36
Non-vested at December 31, 2017   91
 4.21
Vested   (40) 3.36
Forfeited/cancelled   (22) 6.77
Non-vested at December 31, 2018   29
 $3.43

The TSA with Buyer described in Note 19 included the continued employment of individuals who will transfer to Buyer no later than six months from the closing of the transaction. Stock-based compensation related to these employees is included in discontinuing operations. The following table presents the effects of stock-based compensation related to stock option and restricted stock awards to employees and non-employees on ourthe Company's continuing operations included in its Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss during the periods presented (in thousands):presented:
 Year Ended December 31,
 20202019
Cost of revenues$15 $16 
General and administrative164 247 
Total stock-based compensation related to continuing operations$179 $263 

During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized $(6) thousand and $107 thousand, respectively, of stock-based compensation related to discontinuing operations.
70
  Year Ended December 31,
  2018 2017
Cost of revenues $285
 $346
Research and development 54
 133
General and administrative 515
 1,299
Sales and marketing 67
 117
Total stock-based compensation $921
 $1,895

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Note 14.13. Warrants
During 2016On November 20, 2020, the Company entered into Warrant Exchange and 2017, we issued warrants containing a contingent net cash settlement feature (identified as 2016 Offerings and 2017 Offering, respectively, underAmendment Agreements with certain holders of Exchange Warrants. Pursuant to the heading “derivative”Exchange Agreements, the Holders agreed to amend each of the Purchase Agreements so that the Company will no longer be prohibited from effecting or agreeing to affect any Variable Rate Transactions. In addition, pursuant to the Exchange Agreements, the Company offered the Holders the opportunity to exchange in the table below). These warrants are recorded as a warrant liability, andfull all subsequent changestheir Exchange Warrants in their fair value are recognized in earnings until they are exercised, amended or expired. During 2017, we issued warrants that were subject to a 20% reduction if we achieved certain financial milestones as part of our debt refinancing in March 2017 (identified as 2017 Debt in the table below). These warrants were recorded as a warrant liability, and all subsequent changes in their fair value were recognized in earnings until April 2, 2018, when the number ofexchange for 0.2 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share for each share of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of an Exchange Warrant being exchanged. Further, the warrants became fixed. On June 30, 2018,Company agreed not to issue or agree to issue any Common Stock or Common Stock equivalents for a period of 5 trading days from the 2017 Debt warrants were modifiedeffective date of the Exchange Agreements, subject to adjust the exercise price from $2.82 per share to $0.92 per share.
A certain number of our warrants are held by Mr. Pappajohn, the Chairman of our Board of Directors and stockholder. See Note 20 for additional details on these warrants.

On March 22, 2017, weexceptions. The Company issued seven year warrants to the lenders to purchase an aggregate of 443,262 shares11 thousand Exchange Shares pursuant to the Exchange Agreements. The Company recognized a gain on the exchange of our common stock at an exercise price of $2.82 per share$2 thousand which is recorded in connection with the PFG Term Note. The warrants can be net settled in common stock using the average 90-trading day price of our common stock. These warrants are definedchange in the table below as 2017 Debt warrants. fair value of warrant liability at December 31, 2020.
On June 30, 2018, the 2017 Debt warrants were modified to adjust the exercise price from $2.82 per common share to $0.92 per common share.

On March 24, 2017, warrant holders exercised8, 2019, warrants to purchase 375,700123 thousand shares of the Company's common stock, at an exercise price of $2.25 per share, resulting in proceeds of $845,325.

On March 27, 2017, warrant holders exercised warrants to purchase 214,300 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.25 per share, resulting in proceeds of $482,175.

On March 28, 2017, warrant holders exercised warrants to purchase 64,200 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.25 per share, resulting in proceeds of $144,450.

On March 28, 2017, warrant holders exercised warrants to purchase 90,063 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.25 per share using the net issuance exercise method whereby 45,162 shares were surrendered as payment in full of the exercise price resulting in a net issuance of 44,901 shares.

On March 30, 2017, warrant holders exercised warrants to purchase 123,700 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.25 per share, resulting in proceeds of $278,325.

On May 22, 2017, warrant holders exercised warrants to purchase 9,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.25 per share, resulting in proceeds of $20,250.

On August 9, 2017, warrant holders exercised warrants to purchase 25,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.25 per share, resulting in proceeds of $56,250.

On November 26, 2017, 194,007 warrants held by Mr. Pappajohn expired unexercised.

On December 8, 2017, we issued warrants to purchase 3,500,000 shares of our common stock at $2.35 per share and warrants to purchase 175,000 shares of our common stock at $2.50 per share to our placement agent, referred to below as the 2017 Offering. Subject to certain ownership limitations, the warrants will be initially exercisable six months from the issuance date and are exercisable for twelve months from the initial exercise date. These warrants contain a contingent net cash settlement feature and are part of derivative warrants in the table below.Offering, expired.


In January 2019, wethe Company issued warrants to purchase 933,33431 thousand and1,065,217 shares 36 thousand shares of ourits common stock at $0.2475$7.43 and $0.253$7.59 per share, respectively, in conjunction with ourits 2019 Offerings described in Note 21.11. On October 28, 2020. the Company issued 94 thousand warrants to purchase 94 thousand shares of its common stock at $2.42 in conjunction with its October 28, 2020 offering described in note 11.


The following table summarizes the warrant activity for the years ending December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 (in thousands except exercise price): 


Issued With / For Exercise
Price		 Warrants
Outstanding
January 1,
2017		 2017
Warrants
Issued		 2017
Warrants
Exercised		 2017
Warrants
Expired		 Warrants
Outstanding
December 31,
2017		 Transfer Between Derivative Warrants and Non-Derivative Warrants Warrants
Outstanding
December 31,
2018		Issued With / ForExercise
Price		Warrants
Outstanding
January 1,
2019		2019
Warrants
Issued		2019
Warrants
Expired		Warrants
Outstanding
December 31,
2019		2020
Warrants
Issued		2020
Warrants
Expired		2020
Warrants
Exchanged		Warrants
Outstanding
December 31,
2020
Non-Derivative Warrants:                Non-Derivative Warrants:
Financing $10.00
 243
 —
 —
 —
 243
 —
 243
Financing300.008 0 0 8 0 0 0 8 
Financing 15.00
 361
 —
 —
 (85) 276
 —
 276
Financing450.009 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 
Debt Guarantee 15.00
 109
 —
 —
 (109) —
 —
 —
2015 Offering 5.00
 3,450
 —
 —
 —
 3,450
 —
 3,450
2015 Offering150.00115 0 0 115 0 (115)0 0 
2017 Debt 0.92
A —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 443
 443
2017 Debt27.6015 0 0 15 0 0 0 15 
2019 Offering2019 Offering7.430 31 0 31 0 0 0 31 
2019 Offering2019 Offering7.590 35 0 35 0 0 0 35 
2020 Offering2020 Offering2.420 0 0 0 94 0 0 94 
 5.49
C 4,163
 —
 —
 (194) 3,969
 443
 4,412
115.54B147 66 0 213 94 (115)0 192 
Derivative Warrants:                Derivative Warrants:
2016 Offerings 2.25
B 2,870
 —
 (902) —
 1,968
 

 1,968
2016 Offerings67.50A66 0 0 66 0 0 (52)14 
2017 Debt 0.92
A —
 443
 —
 —
 443
 (443) —
2017 Offering 2.35
B —
 3,500
 —
 —
 3,500
 —
 3,500
2017 Offering70.50A117 0 (117)0 0 0 0 0 
2017 Offering 2.50
B —
 175
 —
 —
 175
 —
 175
2017 Offering75.00A6 0 (6)0 0 0 0 0 
 2.32
C 2,870
 4,118
 (902) —
 6,086
 (443) 5,643
67.50B189 0 (123)66 0 0 (52)14 
 $3.71
C 7,033
 4,118
 (902) (194) 10,055
 —
 10,055
104.18B336 66 (123)279 94 (115)(52)206 
________________________
AThese warrants were subject to fair value accounting until the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of the warrants became fixed on April 2, 2018. Effective June 30, 2018, the exercise price was reduced from $2.82 per share to $0.92 per share. See Note 15.
BThese warrants are subject to fair value accounting and contain a contingent net cash settlement feature. See Note 15.
CWeighted average exercise prices are as of December 31, 2018.

AThese warrants are subject to fair value accounting and contain a contingent net cash settlement feature. See Note 14.

BWeighted average exercise prices are as of December 31, 2020.
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Note 15.14. Fair Value of Warrants


The derivative warrants issued as part of the 2016 Offerings are valued using a probability-weighted Binomial model, while the derivative warrants issued as part of the 2017 Debt refinancing were valued using a Monte Carlo model. The derivative warrants issued in conjunction with the 2017 Offering arewere valued using a Black-Scholes model. The following tables summarize the assumptions used in computing the fair value of derivative warrants subject to fair value accounting at December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, and the fair value of derivative warrants issued, exercised and reclassified to equity during the years then ended.
  
As of December 31, 2020As of December 31, 2019
2016 Offerings
Exercise price$67.50 $67.50 
Expected life (years)0.992.08
Expected volatility144.59 %150.69 %
Risk-free interest rate0.10 %1.58 %
Expected dividend yield0.00 %0.00 %
  As of December 31, 2018 As of December 31, 2017 Exercised During the Year Ended December 31, 2017
2016 Offerings   
Exercise price $2.25
 $2.25
 $2.25
Expected life (years) 3.08
 4.08
 4.78
Expected volatility 100.51% 73.44% 76.24%
Risk-free interest rate 2.46% 2.11% 1.94%
Expected dividend yield 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%


  Reclassified to Equity During the Year Ended December 31, 2018 As of
December 31, 2017		 Issued During the Year Ended December 31, 2017
2017 Debt   
Exercise price $2.82
 $2.82
 $2.82
Expected life (years) 5.97
 6.22
 7.00
Expected volatility 73.40% 74.18% 74.61%
Risk-free interest rate 2.55% 2.33% 2.22%
Expected dividend yield 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

  As of December 31, 2018 As of December 31, 2017 Issued During the Year Ended December 31, 2017
2017 Offering   
Exercise price $2.36
 $2.36
 $2.36
Expected life (years) 0.44
 1.43
 1.50
Expected volatility 172.50% 77.55% 76.03%
Risk-free interest rate 2.56% 1.83% 1.73%
Expected dividend yield 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
The range of Company stock prices used in computing the warrant fair value for warrants issued during the year ended December 31, 2017 was $1.95—$2.90. The range of Company stock prices used in computing the fair value for warrants exercised during 2017 was $3.55—$5.05. The Company stock price used in computing the fair value for warrants reclassified to equity during 2018 was $1.65. In determining the fair value of warrants outstanding at each reporting date, the Company stock price was $0.24$2.77 and $1.85$5.96 (the closing price on the NASDAQ Capital Market) at December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively.
The following table summarizes the derivative warrant activity subject to fair value accounting for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 (in thousands):

Issued with 2016 OfferingsIssued with 2017 OfferingTotal
Fair value of warrants outstanding as of January 1, 2019$225 $23 $248 
Change in fair value of warrants(47)(23)(70)
Fair value of warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2019178 0 178 
Fair value of warrants exchanged for stock(10)0 (10)
Change in fair value of warrants(167)0 (167)
Fair value of warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2020$1 $0 $1 

  Issued with 2016 Offerings Issued with 2017 Debt Issued with 2017 Offering Total
Fair value of warrants outstanding as of January 1, 2017 $2,018
 $—
 $—
 $2,018
Fair value of warrants issued —
 1,004
 2,199
 3,203
Fair value of warrants exercised (2,782) —
 —
 (2,782)
Change in fair value of warrants 2,693
 (503) (226) 1,964
Fair value of warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2017 1,929
 501
 1,973
 4,403
Fair value of warrants reclassified to equity —
 (423) —
 (423)
Change in fair value of warrants (1,704) (78) (1,950) (3,732)
Fair value of warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2018 $225
 $—
 $23
 $248

Note 16.15. Fair Value Measurements


Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification requires the use of valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach and/or the cost approach. Inputs to valuation techniques refer to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Inputs may be observable, meaning those that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, or unobservable, meaning those that reflect ourthe Company's own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. In that regard, the Topic establishes a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs that give the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs.
The fair value hierarchy is as follows:
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that we havethe Company has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

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Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect ourthe Company's own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
The following table summarizes the financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis segregated by the level of valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value (in thousands):
 
 2020
 TotalQuoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Warrant liability$1 $0 $0 $1 
$1 $0 $0 $1 
  2018
  Total Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)		 Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		 Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Warrant liability $248
 $—
 $—
 $248
Notes payable 20
 —
 —
 20
Other derivatives 86
 —
 —
 86
  $354
 $—
 $—
 $354
         


 2019
 TotalQuoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
Earn-out from siParadigm$1,103 $0 $0 $1,103 
$1,103 $0 $0 $1,103 
Liabilities:
Warrant liability$178 $0 $0 $178 
Notes payable16 0 0 16 
$194 $0 $0 $194 

  2017
  Total Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)		 Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		 Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Warrant liability $4,403
 $—
 $—
 $4,403
Notes payable 156
 —
 —
 156
  $4,559
 $—
 $—
 $4,559

At December 31, 2018,2020 and 2019, the warrant liability consists of stock warrants issued as part of the 2016 Offerings and 2017 Offering that contain contingent redemption features. At December 31, 2018, the warrant liability also included warrants issued as part of the 2017 Offering that contained contingent redemption features until they expired in June 2019. In accordance with derivative accounting for warrants, wethe Company calculated the fair value of warrants and the assumptions used are described in Note 15,14, “Fair Value of Warrants.” Realized and unrealized gains and losses related to the change in fair value of the warrant liability are included in other income (expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

At December 31, 2018 and 2017,2019, the Company had a note payable to VenturEast from a prior acquisition. The ultimate repayment of the note will be the value of 84,278and 3 thousand shares of common stock at the time of payment. The value of the note payable to VenturEast was determined using the fair value of ourthe Company's common stock at the reporting date. During the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017, we2019, the Company recognized a gaingains of $136,000$4 thousand and loss of $42,000,$136 thousand, respectively, due to the changes in value of the note. Realized and unrealized gains and losses related to the VenturEast note are included in other income (expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

In January 2020, the Company entered into a Settlement Agreement with VenturEast to satisfy the Company’s outstanding liability, which resulted in the Company issuing 3 thousand restricted shares of common stock, and making 2 lump sum payments of $50 thousand each for a total cash settlement of $100 thousand.
The Earn-Out, to be paid over the 24 months post-closing, is based on fees for all tests performed by siParadigm for the Company’s clinical customers during the 12-month period following the closing (the “Earn-Out”). The Company has netted the Earn-out and Advance from siParadigm as of September 30, 2020 as all amounts are fixed and determinable and the Company and siParadigm intend to offset. At December 31, 2020, the net Earn-Out receivable from siParadigm was approximately $91 thousand.
The following table summarizes the activity of the notes payable to VenturEast, the Earn-Out from siParadigm, and our derivative warrants, which were measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs (in thousands):
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  Note Payable Warrant Other
  to VenturEast Liability Derivatives
Fair value at January 1, 2017 $114
 $2,018
 $—
Change in fair value 42
 1,964
 —
Fair value of warrants issued —
 3,203
 —
Fair value of warrants exercised —
 (2,782) —
Fair value at December 31, 2017 156
 4,403
 —
Change in fair value (136) (3,732) —
Fair value of warrants reclassified to equity —
 (423) —
Fair value of certain default provisions —
 —
 86
Fair value at December 31, 2018 $20
 $248
 $86
AssetsLiabilities
Earn-Out
fromNote PayableWarrantOther
siParadigmto VenturEastLiabilityDerivatives
Fair value at January 1, 2019$0 $20 $248 $86 
Change in fair value(935)(4)(70)(86)
Fair value at issuance2,376 0 0 0 
Receipts received during the period(338)0 0 0 
Fair value at December 31, 20191,103 16 178 0 
Fair value of warrants exchanged for stock0 0 (10)0 
Receipts received during the period(288)0 0 0 
Settlement of liability0 (12)0 0 
Removed from fair value accounting(749)0 0 0 
Change in fair value(66)(4)(167)0 
Fair value at December 31, 2020$0 $0 $1 $0 


Note 17.16. Contingencies


On April 5, 2018November 13, 2020, a purported stockholder of CGI filed a complaint against CGI, the chief executive officer of CGI and April 12, 2018, purported stockholdersthe directors of CGI in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, entitled, Scott Sawin v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al. The complaint (the “Sawin Complaint”) alleges that CGI’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, as filed with the SEC on October 16, 2020 related to the merger (the “Prior Registration Statement”), omitted to disclose certain material information allegedly necessary to make statements made in the Prior Registration Statement not misleading and/or false, in violation of Section 14(a) and Section 20(a) of the CompanySecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and Rule 14a-9 promulgated thereunder, and alleges breach of fiduciary duty of candor/disclosure. The complaint seeks injunctive relief, enjoining the merger until the defendants to the applicable lawsuit disclose the alleged omitted material information, and costs, among other remedies.

On November 19, 2020, a purported stockholder of CGI filed nearly identical putative class action lawsuitsa complaint against CGI and the directors of CGI in the U.S.United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, entitled, Carlos Juan Pastrana v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al. On November 19, 2020, a purported stockholder of CGI filed a complaint against CGI and the directors of CGI in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, against the Company, Panna L. Sharma, John A. Roberts, and Igor Gitelman, captioned Ben Phetteplaceentitled, Joshua Dunn v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al., No. 2:18-cv-05612 and Ruo Fen Zhang v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al., No. 2:18-06353, respectively. The complaints alleged violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and SEC Rule 10b-5 based on allegedly false and misleading statements and omissions regarding our business, operational, and financial results. The lawsuits sought, among other things, unspecified compensatory damages in connection with purchases of our stock between March On November 23, 2017 and April 2, 2018, as well as interest, attorneys’ fees, and costs. On August 28, 2018, the Court consolidated the two actions in one action captioned In re Cancer Genetics, Inc. Securities Litigation (the “Securities Litigation”) and appointed shareholder Randy Clark as the lead plaintiff. On October 30, 2018, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint, adding Edward Sitar as2020, a defendant and seeking, among other things, compensatory damages in connection with purchasespurported stockholder of CGI stock between March 10, 2016 and April 2, 2018. On December 31, 2018, Defendants filed a motion to dismisscomplaint against CGI and the amended complaint for failure to state a claim. The Company is unable to predict the ultimate outcomedirectors of the Securities Litigation and therefore cannot estimate possible losses or ranges of losses, if any.


In addition, on June 1, 2018, September 20, 2018, and September 25, 2018, purported stockholders of the Company filed nearly identical derivative lawsuits on behalf of the CompanyCGI in the U.S.United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, entitled, Matthew Haller v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al. On November 25, 2020, a purported stockholder of CGI filed a complaint against CGI and the Company (asdirectors of CGI in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, entitled, Steve Prentiss v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al. On December 1, 2020, a nominal defendant)purported stockholder of CGI filed a complaint against CGI and currentthe directors of CGI in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, entitled, Virginia Weiderman v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al. On December 18, 2020, a purported stockholder of CGI filed a complaint against CGI and former membersthe directors of CGI in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, entitled, Jason Kauffman v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al. On January 27, 2021, a purported stockholder of CGI filed a complaint against CGI and the directors of CGI in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, entitled, Joseph Sheridan v. Cancer Genetics, Inc. et al. Each of the Company’s Board of Directors and current and former officers of the Company. The three cases are captioned: Bell v. Sharma et al., No. 2:18-cv-10009-CCC-MF, McNeece v. Pappajohn et al., No. 2:18-cv-14093, and Workman v. Pappajohn, et al., No. 2:18-cv-14259 (the “Derivative Litigation”). Theforegoing seven complaints allege facts and seek relief substantially similar to the Sawin Complaint.

CGI believes that the claims for breach of fiduciary duty, violations of Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (premised upon alleged omissionsasserted in the Company’s 2017 proxy statement),lawsuits described above are without merit and unjust enrichment,intends to vigorously defend CGI, CGI Acquisition, Inc. and allegethe director and officer defendants against these claims, as applicable, however, there can be no assurance that the individual defendants failedwill prevail in such lawsuits. CGI is not able to implement and maintain adequate controls, which resultedestimate any possible loss from these litigations at this time. It is possible that additional lawsuits may be filed in ineffective disclosure controls and procedures, and conspiredconnection with the merger.

In November 2020, vivoPharm Pty Ltd received a letter from counsel for a customer of vivoPharm alleging entitlement to conceal this alleged failure. The lawsuits seek, among other things, damages and/or restitution to the Company, appropriate equitable relief to remedy the alleged breachesa refund of fiduciary duty, and attorneys’ fees and costs. On November 9, 2018, the Courtprepayments made under a master services agreement in the Bell v. Sharma action entered a stipulation filedsum of approximately $306 thousand. Counsel for vivoPharm responded and denied any liability. In February 2021 counsel for the customer repeated its claim and stated its intent to commence litigation if the matter were not resolved. Counsel for vivoPharm responded by repeating its denial of any liability but offering to pay $60 thousand to resolve the parties staying the Bell action until the Securities Litigation is dismissed, with prejudice, and all appeals havematter. No litigation has been exhausted; or the defendants’ motioncommenced to dismiss in the Securities Litigation is denied in whole or in part; or eitherdate.
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Table of the parties in the Bell action gives 30 days’ notice that they no longer consent to the stay. On December 10, 2018, the parties in the McNeece action filed a stipulation that is substantially identical to the Bell stipulation. On February 1, 2019, the Court in the Workman action granted a stipulation that is substantially identical to the Bell stipulation. The Company is unable to predict the ultimate outcome of the Derivative Litigation and therefore cannot estimate possible losses or ranges of losses, if any.Contents


Note 18. Acquisition of vivoPharm Pty, Ltd.

On August 15, 2017, we purchased all of the outstanding stock of vivoPharm, with its principal place of business in Victoria, Australia, in a transaction valued at approximately $1.6 million in cash and shares of the Company's common stock, valued at $8.1 million based on the closing price of the stock on August 15, 2017. The Company deposited in escrow 20% of the stock consideration until the expiration of twelve months from the closing date to serve as the initial source for any indemnification claims and adjustments. On August 15, 2018, the escrowed shares were released. The Company incurred approximately $135,000 in transaction costs associated with the purchase of vivoPharm, which were expensed during the year ended December 31, 2017.

Prior to the acquisition, vivoPharm was a contract research organization (“CRO”) that specialized in planning and conducting unique, specialized studies to guide drug discovery and development programs with a concentration in oncology and immuno-oncology. The transaction is being accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Under this method, the total consideration transferred to consummate the acquisition is being allocated to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair values as of the closing date of the acquisition. Goodwill arising from the acquisition of vivoPharm relates to expected growth and synergies, as well as an assembled workforce. Goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes.

The acquisition method of accounting requires extensive use of estimates and judgments to allocate the consideration transferred to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

The measurement period expired on August 15, 2018 and the final valuation was deemed consistent with the preliminary valuation completed during the acquisition diligence phase, specifically concerning lab supplies, deferred revenue and deferred taxes. Subsequent to the measurement period expiration, a review of deferred revenue surfaced a refinement in contract completion estimate of $0.2 million associated with the acquisition valuation and accordingly the current revenue offset was recorded in the statement of operations during the year ended December 31, 2018.

The final allocation of the purchase price as of August 15, 2017 consists of the following (in thousands):


 Amount
Cash$544
Accounts receivable905
Lab supplies350
Prepaid expenses and other current assets60
Fixed assets765
Intangible assets3,160
Goodwill5,960
Accounts payable(913)
Deferred revenue(814)
Deferred rent and other(222)
Obligations under capital lease(76)
Total purchase price$9,719

The following table provides certain 2017 pro forma financial information for the Company as if the acquisition of vivoPharm discussed above occurred on January 1, 2017 (in thousands except per share amounts):

 Unaudited Year Ended December 31, 2017
Revenue$32,880
Net income (loss)(20,961)
  
Basic and dilutive net loss per share$(0.92)

The pro forma numbers above are derived from historical numbers of the Company and vivoPharm and reflect adjustments for pro forma amortization and certain operating expenses. The Company's results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 include the operations of vivoPharm from August 15, 2017, with revenues of approximately $2,717,000. The net income (loss) of vivoPharm cannot be determined, as its operations were integrated with Cancer Genetics.

Note 19.17. Joint Venture Agreement


In November 2011, wethe Company entered into an affiliation agreement with the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (“Mayo”), subsequently amended. Under the agreement, wethe Company formed a joint venture with Mayo in May 2013 to focus on developing oncology diagnostic services and tests utilizing next generation sequencing. The joint venture is a limited liability company, with each party initially holding fifty50 percent of the issued and outstanding membership interests of the new entity (the “JV”). In exchange for our membership interest

The Company has a net receivable due from the JV of approximately $56 thousand at December 31, 2020, which is included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The JV we madewas dissolved effective February 14, 2020, and the dissolution terms included an initial capital contribution of $1.0 million in October 2013. In addition, we issued 10,000 shares of our common stock to Mayo pursuant to our affiliation agreement and recorded an expense of approximately $175,000. We also recorded additional expense of approximately $231,000 during the fourth quarter of 2013 related to shares issued to Mayo in November of 2011 as the JV achieved certain performance milestones. In the third quarter of 2014 we made an additional $1.0 million capital contribution.

The agreement also requires aggregate total capital contributions by us of up to an additional $4.0 million. The timing of the remaining installments is subject to the JV's achievement of certain operational milestones agreed upon by the board of governors of the JV. In exchange for its membership interest, Mayo’s capital contribution will take the form of cash, staff, services, hardware and software resources, laboratory space and instrumentation, the fair market value of which will be approximately equal to $6.0 million. Mayo’s continued contribution will also be conditioned upon the JV’s achievement of certain milestones. During 2018, we received aestimated final cash distribution from the JV of $150,000, and we are in the process of winding down the JV.

The joint venture is considered a variable interest entity under ASC 810-10, but we are not the primary beneficiary as we do not have the power to direct the activities of the joint venture that most significantly impact its performance. Our evaluation of ability to impact performance is based on our equal board membership and voting rights and day to day management functions which are performed by the Mayo personnel.

Note 20. Related Party Transactions

John Pappajohn, a member of the Board of Directors and stockholder, had personally guaranteed our revolving line of credit with Wells Fargo Bank through March 31, 2014. As consideration for his guarantee, as well as each of the eight extensions of this facility through March 31, 2014, Mr. Pappajohn received warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,051,506 shares of common stock of which Mr. Pappajohn assigned warrants to purchase 284,000 shares of common stock to certain third parties. Through December 31, 2018, warrants to purchase 440,113 shares of common stock have been exercised by Mr. Pappajohn, and the remaining warrants expired unexercised.

In addition, John Pappajohn also had loaned us an aggregate of $6,750,000 (all of which was converted into 675,000 shares of common stock at the IPO price of $10.00 per share). In connection with these loans, Mr. Pappajohn received warrants to purchase an aggregate of 202,630 shares of common stock. After adjustment pursuant to the termsCompany of $92 thousand, to be paid as soon as practicable. The Company received the warrantsfirst payment of $36 thousand in conjunctionApril 2020, which is consistent with our IPO, the numberdissolution terms. The remaining cash distribution of warrants outstanding$56 thousand was 275,556 at $15.00 per share at December 31, 2018.

We have a consulting agreement with Equity Dynamics, Inc. (“EDI”), an entity controlled by John Pappajohn, effective April 1, 2014 pursuant to which EDI receives a monthly fee of $10,000. We expensed $120,000 annually for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 related to this agreement. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we owed EDI $70,000 and $10,000, respectively.

Pursuant to a consulting and advisory agreement that ended December 31, 2016, Dr. Chaganti received $5,000 per month for providing consulting and technical support services. Pursuant to the terms of the consulting agreement, Dr. Chaganti received an option to purchase 200,000 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $15.89 per share vesting over a period of four years. Total non-cash stock-based compensation recognized under this consulting agreement forin 2021. There was no other activity during the year ended December 31, 2017 was $69,250.2020 and 2019.


As further described in
Note 21, subsequent to year-end the Company closed two public offerings, in which various18. Related Party Transactions

Various executives, directors and former directors purchased shares as part of the 2019 Offerings at the public offering price. On January 14, 2019, John Pappajohn, John Roberts, ourthe Company's President and Chief Executive Officer, and Geoffrey Harris, a Director, purchased 1,000,00033 thousand shares, 100,0003 thousand shares and 100,0003 thousand shares, respectively, at the public offering price of $0.225$6.75 per share. On January 31, 2019, John Pappajohn, John Roberts, Edmund Cannon, a Director, and M. Glenn Miles, ourthe Company's Chief Financial Officer, purchased 1,000,00033 thousand shares, 185,4366 thousand shares, 43,4791 thousand shares and 150,0005 thousand shares, respectively, at the public offering price of $0.23$6.90 per share.


Note 21. Subsequent Events19. Discontinuing Operations


2019 OfferingsInterpace Biosciences, Inc.


On January 9, 2019, we entered into an underwriting agreement with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“H.C. Wainwright”), relating to an underwritten public offering of 13,333,334 shares of our common stock for $0.225 per share. We received proceeds from the offering of approximately $2,437,000, net of expenses and discounts of approximately $563,000. We also issued warrants to purchase 933,334 shares of common stock to H.C. Wainwright in connection with this offering. The warrants are exercisable for five years from the date of issuance at a per share price of $0.2475.

On January 26, 2019, we issued 15,217,392 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $0.23 per share. We received proceeds from the offering of approximately $2,975,000, net of expenses and discounts of approximately $525,000. We also issued warrants to purchase 1,065,217 shares of common stock to the underwriter, H.C. Wainwright, in connection with this offering. The warrants are exercisable for five years from the date of issuance at a per share price of $0.253.

As disclosed in Note 20, certain of our directors and executives purchased shares during the 2019 Offerings at the public offering price.

Forbearance Agreements


On January 16, 2019, we entered into forbearance agreements with both PFG and SVB that among other things, (i) require us to comply with certain milestones in connection with a potential strategic transaction satisfactory to PFG and SVB with an anticipated closing date of on or before AprilJuly 15, 2019, (the “Milestones”), (ii) provide for PFG and SVB’s forbearance of their respective rights and remedies resulting from existing and stated potential events of default under the PFG Term Note and ABL until the earlier of (a) the occurrence of an additional event of default or (b) February 15, 2019; provided such date shall be automatically extended to (1) February 28, 2019 and then to (2) April 15, 2019 so long as we are in compliance with the Milestones required as of such dates. In addition, the ABL interest rate was increased to 2.25% over the Wall Street Journal prime rate, and the maturity date was extended until April 15, 2019.
Standstill Agreement

On February 15, 2019, weCompany entered into a standstillsecured creditor asset purchase agreement with Iliad, related(the “BioPharma Agreement”) by and among the Company, Gentris, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, Partners for Growth IV, L.P. (“PFG”), Interpace Biosciences, Inc. (“IDXG”) and a newly-formed subsidiary of IDXG, Interpace BioPharma, Inc. (“Buyer”). The BioPharma Agreement provided for a consensual private foreclosure sale by PFG of all assets relating to the Convertible Note dated July 17, 2018. The standstill agreement, among other things, (i) provides that Iliad will not seekCompany’s BioPharma Business (as defined in the BioPharma Agreement) to redeem any portionBuyer (the “BioPharma Disposal”).

Pursuant to the BioPharma Agreement, Buyer purchased from PFG certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of the Convertible Note until March 10, 2019Company relating to the BioPharma Business, providing as gross consideration $23.5 million, less certain closing adjustments totaling $2.0 million, of which $7.7 million was settled in the form of a promissory note issued by Buyer to the Company (the “Standstill”“Excess Consideration Note”); (ii) increases and the remainder was paid to PFG in cash. PFG utilized the cash proceeds to satisfy the outstanding balances of the Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) asset-based revolving line of credit (“ABL”) and the $6.0 million term note to PFG (“PFG Term Note”), and to satisfy certain transaction expenses. The balance of $2.3 million was delivered to the Convertible Note by approximately $139,000, representingCompany in addition to the Excess Consideration Note.

The following is a fee to Iliad for such Standstill; and (iii) allows us the option to elect that Iliad not seek to redeem any portionreconciliation of the Convertible Note until April 15, 2019, provided that upon such electionoriginal gross sales price to the outstanding balanceconsideration received (in thousands):
Original sales price:
Gross sales price$23,500 
Adjustments to sales price:
Transaction costs(1,525)
Working capital adjustments(2,705)
Payment of other expenses(171)
Total adjustments to sales price(4,401)
Consideration received$19,099 

The BioPharma Disposal resulted in the following (in thousands):

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Table of the Convertible Note would increase again by approximately $63,000. We elected to extend the Standstill until April 15, 2019.

Contents
Consideration received:
Cash received at closing$2,258 
Fair value of Excess Consideration Note6,795 
Repayment of ABL and accrued interest2,906 
Repayment of Term Note and accrued interest6,250 
Repayment of certain accounts payable and accrued expenses890 
Net sales price$19,099 
Net assets sold:
Accounts receivable$4,271 
Other current assets1,142 
Fixed assets2,998 
Operating lease right-of-use assets1,969 
Patents and other intangible assets42 
Goodwill10,106 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses(4,970)
Obligations under operating leases(2,110)
Obligations under finance leases(451)
Deferred revenue(1,046)
$11,951 
Gain on disposal of BioPharma Business$7,148 

The Excess Consideration Note, which required interest-only quarterly payments at a rate of 6% per year, was settled on October 24, 2019 for $6.0 million, including interest of $24 thousand. The Buyer withheld from the settlement of the Excess Consideration Note $775 thousand for a net worth adjustment (assets less liabilities) of the BioPharma business (“Net Worth”), $153 thousand to secure collection of certain older accounts receivable of the Company purchased by Buyer (“AR Holdback”) and an additional $735 thousand as security for indemnification obligations of the Company for any breaches of certain limited warranties and covenants of the Company and other specified items (“Indemnification Holdback”). The Company received the full amounts of the AR Holdback and the Indemnification Holdback in April and May 2020, respectively. The fair value of the Excess Consideration Note was $888 thousand at December 31, 2019 and was paid in full in May 2020.

The Company and Buyer also entered into a transition services agreement (the “TSA”) pursuant to which the Company and Buyer are providing certain services to each other to accommodate the transition of the BioPharma Business to Buyer. In particular, the Company agreed to provide to Buyer, among other things, certain personnel services, payroll processing, administration services and benefit administration services, for a period not to exceed six months from July 15, 2019, subject to the terms and conditions of the TSA, in exchange for payment or reimbursement, as applicable, by Buyer for the costs related thereto, including salaries and benefits for certain of the Company’s BioPharma employees during the transition period. The Buyer paid for certain costs of the Company under the TSA with respect to a limited number of employees and professionals. Such shared services amounted to $217 thousand and $186 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. In addition, the Buyer reimbursed the Company, in part, for the salaries and benefits of John A. Roberts, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, and Glenn Miles, the Company’s former Chief Financial Officer through July 2020. The reimbursed portion of such salaries and benefits amounted to $155 thousand and $188 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Including the amounts due under the TSA described above, the net amount due to the Buyer is approximately $15 thousand at December 31, 2020.

In connection with the closing of the BioPharma Disposal, the SVB ABL and the PFG Term Note were terminated, and all related liens were released.

siParadigm, Inc.

On July 5, 2019, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement (the “Clinical Agreement”) by and among the Company and siParadigm, LLC (“siParadigm”), pursuant to which the Company sold to siParadigm, certain assets associated
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with the Company’s clinical laboratory business (the “Clinical Business,” and such assets, the “Designated Assets”), and agreed to cease operating its Clinical Business. The Designated Assets include intellectual property, equipment and customer lists associated with the Clinical Business, and for a period of time the Company was providing certain transitional services to siParadigm pursuant to the Clinical Agreement. The cash consideration paid by siParadigm at closing was $747 thousand, which includes $45 thousand for certain equipment plus a $1.0 million advance payment of the Earn-Out (as defined below), less $298 thousand of supplier invoices paid directly by siParadigm, an adjustment of $11 thousand and transaction costs of $110 thousand. The Clinical Business sale (together with the sale of BioServe and the BioPharma Disposal, the “Business Disposals”) was completed on July 8, 2019.

The Clinical Business disposal resulted in the following:
Consideration received:
Cash received at closing$747 
Fair value of Earn-Out from siParadigm2,376 
Advance from siParadigm received in cash(1,000)
$2,123 
Net assets sold:
Goodwill$1,188 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses(287)
$901 
Gain on disposal of Clinical Business$1,222 

The Earn-Out, to be paid over the 24 months post-closing, is based on fees for all tests performed by siParadigm for the Company’s clinical customers during the 12-month period following the closing (the “Earn-Out”). siParadigm withholds a set percentage from each monthly earn-out payment remitted to the Company as repayment of the Advance from siParadigm. The percentage withheld was 25% for earn-out payments for July through September 2019; siParadigm began withholding 75% from the earn-out payments for October 2019 and will continue withholding 75% each month until the Advance from siParadigm is paid in full. At December 31, 2019, the fair value of the current and long-term portion of the Earn-Out from siParadigm was $747 thousand and $356 thousand, respectively. In addition, the current and long-term portion of the Advance from siParadigm was $566 thousand and $252 thousand, respectively. The Company has netted the Earn-out and advance from siParadigm as December 31, 2020 as all amounts are fixed and determinable and the Company and SiParadigm intend to offset. At December 31, 2020 the net Earn-out receivable was approximately $91 thousand.

Under the Clinical Agreement, the Company agreed to certain non-competition and non-solicitation provisions, including that it will cease performing certain clinical tests and will not solicit or seek business from certain of its customers (other than for the Company’s other lines of business) for a period of three years following the closing date.

The Business Disposals have been classified as discontinuing operations in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Accordingly, the operations and balances of the Company's BioPharma and Clinical operations have been reported as discontinuing operations and removed from all financial disclosures of continuing operations. As permitted by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205-20, the Company elected to allocate $1.5 million of interest expense from the Convertible Note to Iliad and Advance from NDX to discontinuing operations during the year ended December 31, 2019. The interest was allocated based on the ratio of net assets sold less debt required to be paid as a result of the disposal to the Company's net assets (prior to the disposal) plus the consolidated debt not repaid as a result of the disposal. Unless otherwise indicated, information in these notes to consolidated financial statements relates to continuing operations.

Summarized results of the Company's consolidated discontinuing operations are as follows for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):
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 Year Ended December 31,
 20202019
Revenue$0 $10,066 
Cost of revenues0 7,554 
Gross profit0 2,512 
Operating expenses:
Research and development0 937 
General and administrative(42)4,675 
Sales and marketing0 1,527 
Restructuring costs0 194 
Transaction costs0 560 
Impairment of patents and other intangible assets0 601 
Total operating expenses(42)8,494 
Income (loss) from discontinuing operations42 (5,982)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense0 (2,211)
Gain on disposal of Clinical Business0 1,222 
Gain on disposal of BioPharma Business0 7,148 
Total other income0 6,159 
Net income from discontinuing operations$42 $177 

Consolidated carrying amounts of major classes of assets and liabilities from discontinuing operations were as follows as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):
20202019
Current assets of discontinuing operations:
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,536 in 2019$0 $71 
Current assets of discontinuing operations$0 $71 
Current liabilities of discontinuing operations
Accounts payable and accrued expenses$659 $1,137 
Due to Interpace Biosciences, Inc.0 92 
Current liabilities of discontinuing operations$659 $1,229 
Cash flows used in discontinuing operations consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:
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 Years Ended December 31,
 20202019
Income from discontinuing operations$42 $177 
Adjustments to reconcile income from discontinuing operations to net cash used in operating activities, discontinuing operations
Depreciation0 542 
Amortization0 613 
Provision for bad debts(28)1,074 
Accounts payable settlements(43)0 
Stock-based compensation(6)107 
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets0 358 
Amortization of discount of debt and debt issuance costs0 601 
Interest added to Convertible Note0 343 
Loss on extinguishment of debt0 328 
Gain on disposal of Clinical business0 (1,222)
Gain on disposal of BioPharma business0 (7,148)
Change in working capital components:
Accounts receivable99 845 
Other current assets0 398 
Other non-current assets0 2 
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and deferred revenue(435)(2,163)
Obligations under operating leases0 (217)
Deferred rent payable and other0 (151)
Due to Interpace Biosciences, Inc.(92)92 
Net cash used in operating activities, discontinuing operations$(463)$(5,421)

Note 20. Subsequent Events

ATM

In January 2021, the Company received net proceeds of $797 thousand from the issuance of 200 thousand shares of CGI Common Stock pursuant to its ATM Agreement.

CGI PIPE
On January 28, 2021, CGI entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “CGI PIPE Securities Purchase Agreement”) with certain institutional and accredited investors (the “CGI PIPE Purchasers”), pursuant to which CGI issued and sold to the CGI PIPE Purchasers in a private placement an aggregate of (i) 2.8 million shares of CGI Common Stock and (ii) common warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2.8 million shares of CGI Common Stock, at a combined offering price of $3.625 per CGI PIPE Share and accompanying CGI PIPE Warrant to purchase 1 share of CGI Common Stock, for gross proceeds of approximately $10 million. The net proceeds to CGI from the CGI PIPE were approximately $8.9 million, after deducting placement agent fees and expenses and estimated offering expenses payable by CGI. The net proceeds are expected to be available to the post-merger company upon the closing of the merger. The Private Placement closed on February 1, 2021.

Between February 10 and March 22, 2021 a total of 1.1 million of the warrants were exercised for common stock resulting in proceeds to the Company of approximately $4.0 million.

CGI RD Financing

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On February 10, 2021, CGI issued and sold to certain institutional investors an aggregate of 2.8 million shares of CGI Common Stock in a registered direct offering at an offering price of $6.30 per share for gross proceeds of approximately $17.5 million, or $15.8 million of net proceeds, after deducting placement agent fees and expenses and estimated offering expenses payable by CGI and issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 167 thousand shares of CGI Common Stock to Wainwright as placement agent compensation.
Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure


None.


Item 9A.Controls and Procedures.


Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.


WeThe Company evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of ourits principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of ourits disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”), as amended) as of December 31, 2018,2020, the end of the period covered by this report on Form 10-K. Based on this evaluation, the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer have concluded that ourthe Company's disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at December 31, 2018 as a result of the material weakness in internal controls described below.2020. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by usthe Company in the reports that we fileit files or submitsubmits under the Exchange Act (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and were operating in an effective manner for the period covered by this report, and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to management, including,
the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or the person performing similar functions as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.


Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.


OurThe Company's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.


The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

•Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
•Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of ourthe Company's management and directors; and
•Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.


Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to risk that controls may become inadequate because

of changes in conditions or because of declines in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. Our management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018.. In making this assessment, ourthe Company’s management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013).


In connection with this assessment, we reportthe Company reports the material weakness, as described below, in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. This material weakness was initially reported in our filings for December 31, 2017 and subsequent quarterly filings.2020. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement for the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Because of the material weakness described below, and based on management’s assessment, as of December 31, 2018,2020, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective:

Accounting for uncollectible clinical services revenue: The Company’s quarterly and year- end review procedures includes management’s assessment of collectability and adjustment of its allowance for doubtful accounts. During the fourth quarter of 2017, management revised its estimation process and as a result of the low collection patterns during the fourth quarter of 2017 principally related to clinical service revenues from claims generated by the Los Angeles location, a determination was made to significantly increase the allowance for doubtful accounts to reflect this change in estimate, and recorded audit adjustments in 2017 pertaining to contractual allowances. Further, in 2018, management reviewed collection patterns across the year as part of the year end process, and upon a further detailed review of its accounts receivable balances noted that its procedures and controls did not provide accurate aging for its uncollectible accounts receivable from previous years and recorded significant adjustments. Although management does perform overall review of revenue and related reserves at each reporting date, the controls designed to identify material misstatements did not operate at a sufficient level of precision to prevent or detect such errors in its determination of this significant accounting estimate. Our management has determined that this control deficiency constitutes a material weakness at December 31, 2018.

Remediation plan and procedures: Management is committed to remediating the material weakness. We began the process of implementing changes to our internal control over financial reporting to remediate the control deficiencies that gave rise to the material weakness, including further improvements in our processes and analyses that support the estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts and the related bad debt expense and performing a comprehensive review of the need for additional corporate accounting and financial personnel and supplemented by external resources as appropriate, with the requisite skill and technical expertise during 2018. However, management’s focus on ensuring funding to continue operations, closure of its California location, consolidation of its clinical services operations, strategic initiatives and adoption of revenue recognition standard impaired its ability to sufficiently remediate the process. While resource constraints, staff turnover, the departure of the previous chief accounting officer, and the appointment of a new principal financial officer (November 2018) has occurred amidst efforts to address the control environment, the material weakness continued as of December 31, 2018. In 2019, management plans to include additional reconciliations between its general ledger and billing systems to enhance its remediation efforts. The Company expects this deficiency to be corrected by the end of 2019.


Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.


Other than the continuation
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There was no changeschange in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the three monthsfourth quarter ended December 31, 20182020, that havehas materially affected, or areis reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’sour internal control over financial reporting.reporting, except as follows:


Accounting for potential impairment of intangible assets: The Company's accounting for the potential impairment of intangible assets requires the Company to record an impairment charge if the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable and is in excess of the fair value of the asset group. The Company provided for audit an undiscounted cash flow analysis to support its assessment of indicators of impairment of intangible assets which included assumptions for revenue growth and expected gross margins that were inconsistent with the historical experience of the Company and could not be further supported with underlying evidence to support the Company’s projections and came to the incorrect conclusion of the recoverability of the asset group. As a result of the audit the Company revised its projections and used historical evidence pertaining to the base revenue amount, growth rates, and gross margins, which resulted in negative undiscounted cash flows. The Company determined that the fair value of the asset group was less than the carrying value and recorded an impairment charge of approximately $2.1 million. If this adjustment was not identified by our auditors we believe that this adjustment would not have been detected. As a result, the Company concluded that this deficiency in our internal controls over financial reporting would give rise to the level of a material weakness.

Material Weakness Remediation

As previously reported, management recognized that the Company had material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 related to accounting for foreign currency exchange rate and accounting for the Company’s investments.

Subsequent to the evaluation made in connection with the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, management implemented improvements in processes and analyses that support the recording of foreign currency exchanges and the fair value of investments, and management also implemented additional journal entry review procedures. As a result of these efforts, the Company determined that the material weaknesses were remediated.

Item 9B.Other Information.


Not applicable.On March 24, 2021, the Compensation Committee (the “Committee”) of the Board of Directors of the Company approved a bonus of $175,000 to the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer, John A. Roberts, in consideration of his efforts in connection with the expected closing of the merger transaction with StemoniX, Inc. (“StemoniX”) as well as the financings and other transactions that led to such transaction. In addition, the Committee approved a bonus of $50,000 to the Company’s President of Discovery & Early Development Services, Ralf Brandt, in part in consideration of his work in support of the merger transaction with StemoniX.

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PART III
Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.


Directors

The following table sets forth certain information about the current directors of the Company. Directors are elected to hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are elected and qualified.
DirectorsAgeYear First
Became Director
Geoffrey Harris (Chairman of the Board)582014
Edmund Cannon752005
Franklyn G. Prendergast, M.D., Ph.D.752012
Howard McLeod542014

Set forth below are brief biographical descriptions of the individuals currently serving as the Company's directors, based on information furnished to the Company by such individuals.

Geoffrey Harris

Geoffrey Harris is the chairman of the Company's Board and is a managing partner of c7 Advisors (a money management and healthcare advisory firm) since April 2014. From 2011 to 2014 he served as a managing director and co-head of the healthcare investment banking group at Cantor Fitzgerald, and from 2009-2011, he held a similar position at Gleacher & Company. Mr. Harris is also currently on the board of directors of Telemynd, Inc. (formerly known as MYnd Analytics), a data analysis company focused on improving mental health care; PointRight Inc., a privately-held software company; and MoleSafe, Inc., a privately-held company focused on the early detection of melanoma. Mr. Harris graduated from MIT’s Sloan School of Management with an MS in Finance Management.

Edmund Cannon

Edmund Cannon is a member of the Company's Board and is founder and President of the Clinical Research Center of Cape Cod since 2003, which specializes in finding institutional review board approved, consented specimens for the diagnostics and pharmaceutical industries, and in setting up studies to support FDA submissions for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Previously, Mr. Cannon was a marketing and operations consultant for Franey Medical Labs. Mr. Cannon also formerly had the most national sales for Pharmacia Diagnostics Inc., and was a vice president and co-founder of Alletess, Inc. Mr. Canon has a degree from Boston State College and attended a Master’s program at Providence College.


Howard McLeod, Pharm.D.

Dr. McLeod is a member of the Company's Board and is the Medical Director, Precision Medicine for the Geriatric Oncology Consortium and a Professor at the USF Taneja College of Pharmacy. Until February 2020, he was Chair of the Department of Individualized Cancer Management and Medical Director of the DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute at the Moffitt Cancer Center and previously a Senior Member of the Moffitt Cancer Center’s Division of Population Sciences. He also chaired the Department of Individualized Cancer Management at Moffitt. He joined Moffitt Cancer Center in September 2013. Prior to joining the Moffitt Cancer Center, Dr. McLeod was a Founding Director of the University of North Carolina Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy since 2006. Dr. McLeod also held the prestigious title of Fred Eshelman Distinguished Professor at the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy from 2006 to 2013. Dr. McLeod has published over 500 peer-reviewed papers on pharmacogenomics, applied therapeutics and clinical pharmacology. He had served as Chief Scientific Advisor and a member of the board of directors of Gentris Corporation before its acquisition by the Company in July 2014.

Franklyn G. Prendergast, M.D., Ph.D.

Franklyn G. Prendergast, M.D., Ph.D., is a member of the Company's Board and also serves as the Emeritus Edmond and Marion Guggenheim Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Emeritus Professor of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics at Mayo Medical School and the director of the Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine. He has served in other positions of leadership at the Mayo Clinic since 1989, including on the Mayo Clinic Board of
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Trustees, from 1992 to 2009, and on the Mayo Clinic Board of Governors, from 1999 to 2006. He also previously held several other teaching positions at the Mayo Medical School since 1975. Dr. Prendergast has served for the National Institute of Health on numerous study section review groups; as a charter member of the Board of Advisors for the Division of Research Grants, now the Center for Scientific Review; the National Advisory General Medical Sciences Council; and the Board of Scientific Advisors of the National Cancer Institute. He held a Presidential Commission for service on the National Cancer Advisory Board. Dr. Prendergast also has served in numerous other advisory roles for the National Institute of Health and the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, and he is a member of the board of directors of the Translational Genomics Research Institute and the Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI). Dr. Prendergast served on the board of directors of Eli Lilly & Co., and on its science and technology and public policy and compliance committees, from 1995 to 2017. He also served on the board of directors for DemeRx, Inc., a private, biotechnology drug development company from 2010 to 2012, and Ativa Medical Corporation, a private, diagnostic technology company from 2012 to 2015. Dr. Prendergast obtained his medical degree with honors from the University of West Indies and attended Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar, earning an M.A. degree in physiology. He obtained his Ph.D. in Biochemistry at the University of Minnesota.

Executive Officers

The following table sets forth certain information about the current executive officers of the Company:
Executive OfficersAgePosition and Office
John A. Roberts61President and Chief Executive Officer
Ralf Brandt53President, Discovery & Early Development Sciences

Set forth below are brief biographical descriptions of the individuals currently serving as the Company's executive officers, based on information furnished to the Company by such individuals.

John A. Roberts

On April 30, 2018, Mr. Roberts was appointed as the Company's Chief Executive Officer and President. Prior to that, Mr. Roberts had been the Company's interim Chief Executive Officer since February 2, 2018. Mr. Roberts had previously served as the Company's Chief Operating Officer since July 11, 2016. Prior to joining us, from August 1, 2015 to June 30, 2016, Mr. Roberts served as the Chief Financial Officer for VirMedica, Inc., an innovative technology solutions company that provides an end-to-end platform that enables specialty drug manufacturers and pharmacies to optimize product commercialization and management. Prior to VirMedica, from August 1, 2011 to July 31, 2015, Mr. Roberts was the Chief Financial and Administrative Officer for AdvantEdge Healthcare Solutions, a global healthcare analytics and services organization. Prior to that, Mr. Roberts was the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer for InfoLogix, Inc., a publicly-traded healthcare-centric mobile software and solutions provider. He has also held CFO roles at leading public medical device and healthcare services firms including Clarient, Inc., a publicly-traded provider of diagnostic laboratory services and Daou Systems, Inc., a publicly-traded healthcare IT software development and services firm. In addition, he has held key senior executive roles with MEDecision, Inc., HealthOnline, Inc. and the Center for Health Information. Mr. Roberts earned a Bachelor of Science and a Master’s degree in Business Administration from the University of Maine. He is a member of the Board of Directors and Immediate Past Chair for the Drug Information Association, a global neutral forum enabling drug developers and regulators access to education and collaboration. Mr. Roberts has also served on the Board of Directors of Cohere-Med Inc., a clinical analytics company, from February 2020 to present.

Ralf Brandt, PhD
Dr. Ralf Brandt, PhD was appointed as the Company's President of Discovery & Early Development Services following the Company's acquisition of vivoPharm Pty Ltd in August 2017. Dr. Brandt co-founded vivoPharm Pty Ltd in 2003 and served as its Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director until August 2017. Previously he was employed at research positions at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, MD, USA and at Schering AG, Germany. He led the Tumour Biology program at Novartis Pharma AG, Switzerland and established several transgenic mouse lines developing tumors under the control of oncogenes. He serves as a Member of the Scientific Advisory Board at Receptor Inc. in Toronto Canada. Dr. Brandt serves as a Member of Scientific Advisory Board at Propanc Health Group Corporation at Propanc Health Group Corporation. He received his Licence (BSc in Biochemistry and Animal Physiology) in 1986 and his PhD (in Biochemistry) in 1991 from the Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.


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Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires the Company’s directors and executive, officers, and persons who are beneficial owners of more than 10% of a registered class of the Company's equity securities, to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC. These persons are required by this item will be contained inSEC regulations to furnish the Proxy Statement for our 2019 Annual MeetingCompany with copies of Stockholders, which we anticipate will beall Section 16(a) forms they file.

Based solely upon the Company’s review of copies of Forms 3, 4 and 5 furnished to the Company, the Company believes that all of its directors, executive officers and any other applicable stockholders timely filed no later than 120 days afterall reports required by Section 16(a) of the end of ourExchange Act during the fiscal year ended December 31, 20182020.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

The Company has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to its directors, officers and employees. The purpose of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is incorporatedto deter wrongdoing and to provide guidance to the Company’s directors, officers and employees to help them recognize and deal with ethical issues, to provide mechanisms to report unethical or illegal conduct and to contribute positively to the Company’s culture of honesty and accountability. The Company's Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is publicly available on the Company's website at www.cancergenetics.com. If the Company makes any substantive amendments to the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics or grants any waiver, including any implicit waiver from a provision of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics to its directors or executive officers, the Company will disclose the nature of such amendments or waiver on its website or in a current report on Form 8-K.
Audit Committee

The Board has established an Audit Committee currently consisting of Mr. Harris, Mr. Cannon and Dr. Prendergast. The Audit Committee’s primary functions are to oversee and review: the integrity of the Company’s financial statements and other financial information furnished by the Company, the Company’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, the Company’s systems of internal accounting and financial controls, the independent auditor’s engagement, qualifications, performance, compensation and independence, related party transactions, and compliance with the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.

Each member of the Audit Committee is “independent” as that term is defined under the applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and the applicable rules of The NASDAQ Stock Market. The Board has determined that each Audit Committee member has sufficient knowledge in financial and auditing matters to serve on the Committee. The Board determined that Mr. Harris is an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined under the applicable rules of the SEC and the applicable rules of The NASDAQ Stock Market. The Company's Board has adopted an Audit Committee Charter, which is available for viewing at www.cancergenetics.com.

Item 11.Executive Compensation.

Summary Compensation Table
The following table shows the compensation awarded to or earned by each person serving as the Company’s principal executive officer during fiscal year 2020, the Company’s two most highly compensated executive officers who were serving as executive officers as of December 31, 2020 and up to two additional individuals for whom disclosure would have been provided but for the fact that such individuals were not serving as an executive officer as of December 31, 2020. The persons listed in the following table are referred to herein by reference herein.

as the “named executive officers.”
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SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
Name and Principal PositionYearSalary
($)		Bonus
($)		Stock
Awards
($) (1)		Option
Awards
($) (1)		All Other
Compensation
($)		Total ($)
John A. Roberts2020$279,260 (2)$— $— $— $— $279,260 
Chief Executive Officer and President2019$267,885 (3)$— $— $— $1,188 (4)$269,073 
Ralf Brandt2020$353,179 $— $— $44,460 $38,620 (5)$436,259 
President, Discovery & Early Development Services2019$340,981 $98,490 $— $— $38,114 (5)$477,585 
M. Glenn Miles2020$193,023 (7)$40,000 $— $44,460 $40,000 (8)$317,483 
Chief Financial Officer (6)2019$207,111 (9)$— $— $— $— $207,111 
______________________
(1)    Represents the aggregate grant date fair value for grants made in 2020 and 2019 computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. This calculation does not give effect to any estimate of forfeitures related to service-based vesting, but assumes that the executive will perform the requisite service for the award to vest in full. The assumptions used in valuing options are described in Note 12 to the Company’s financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(2)    Represents Mr. Robert’s gross salary of $350,000 less reimbursements of $70,740 received from IDXG pursuant to the TSA and the disposal of the Company’s biopharma services business discussed in Note 19 to the Company’s financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(3)    Represents Mr. Robert's gross salary of $350,000 less reimbursements of $82,115 received from IDXG pursuant to the TSA.
(4)    Consists of group term life insurance benefits.
(5)    Consists of a monthly housing allowance.
(6)    Mr. Miles’ employment with the Company ceased on November 16, 2020 (the “Separation Date”).
(7)    Represents Mr. Miles’ gross salary of $300,000 pro rated through the Separation Date less reimbursements of $69,477 received from IDXG pursuant to the TSA.
(8)    Represents a one-time payment equal to $5,000 for execution of a separation agreement and mutual release of claims and a payment of $35,000 for the completion of certain tasks associated with the transition process leading up to the Separation Date.
(9)    Represents Mr. Miles’ gross salary of $300,000 less reimbursements of $92,889 received from IDXG pursuant to the TSA.

Narrative Disclosure to Summary Compensation Table
Employment Agreements
The material terms of each named executive officer’s employment agreement or arrangement are described below.
John A. Roberts
The Company entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Roberts effective as of July 11, 2016 (“Roberts Agreement”). The Roberts Agreement provides for, among other things: (i) an annual base salary of $300,000, or such greater amount as may be determined by the Board, (ii) eligibility for an annual cash bonus of up to 35% of base salary, and (iii) the following post-termination benefits: (a) any performance bonus plan, then in effect, pro rata for his period of actual employment during the year, payable at the regular bonus payment time but only if other employees are then paid their bonus amounts, and continuation of medical/dental, disability and life benefits for a period of six months following termination of employment pursuant to certain events, and (b) monthly payments equal to his base salary immediately prior to such termination for a period of six months in the event his employment is terminated without “cause” or Mr. Roberts resigns for “good reason” not in connection with a “change of control”, (c) monthly payment equal to his base salary immediately prior to such termination for a period of twelve months in the event his employment is terminated due to illness, injury or disability or (d) a lump sum payment equal to twelve months of his then base salary plus an amount equal to the prior year bonus in the event his employment is terminated for any reason within twelve months following a change of control. The Roberts Agreement further provides that Mr. Roberts will not engage in competitive activity for a period of twelve months following termination of
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employment. The Roberts Agreement has an initial term of July 11, 2016 through July 10, 2017, and automatically renews for additional one-year terms.
On May 10, 2018, the Board of Directors increased Mr. Roberts’ salary to $350,000 per year.

Ralf Brandt
The Company entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Brandt effective as of August 15, 2017 (“Brandt Agreement”). The Brandt Agreement provides for, among other things: (i) an annual base salary of $330,000, (ii) eligibility for an annual cash bonus of up to 30% of base salary, (iii) a one-time grant of a stock option to purchase 3,333 shares of common stock, vesting in equal quarterly increments over a two-year period beginning October 1, 2017, (iv) a one-time grant of 1,000 shares of restricted stock, vesting in equal annual increments over a three-year period beginning October 1, 2017, and the following post-termination benefits: (a) any bonus earned under any performance bonus plan then in effect, pro rata for his period of actual employment during the year, payable at the regular bonus payment time but only if other employees are then paid their bonus amounts, (b) monthly payments equal to his base salary immediately prior to such termination for a period of for three months in the event of his death or resignation other than for “good reason”, (c) monthly payment equal to his base salary immediately prior to such termination for a period of four months in the event his employment is terminated due to illness, injury or disability, (d) monthly payments equal to his base salary immediately prior to such termination for the greater of six months or the remainder of his initial two-year employment period in the event his employment is terminated without “cause” or Dr. Brandt resigns for “good reason” not in connection with a “change of control”, (e) a lump sum payment equal to his base salary immediately prior to such termination for the greater of six months or the remainder of his initial two-year employment period in the event his employment is terminated for any reason within twelve months following a “change of control”. The Brandt Agreement further provides that Dr. Brandt will not engage in competitive activity for a period lasting the greater of six months or the remainder of his initial two-year employment period. The Brandt Agreement has an initial term of August 15, 2017 to August 14, 2019, and automatically renews for additional one-year terms.
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End
The following table sets forth certain information, on an award-by-award basis, concerning unexercised options to purchase common stock, restricted shares of common stock and common stock that has not yet vested for each named executive officer and outstanding as of December 31, 2020.
OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR END - 2020
Option Awards
NameNumber of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Exercisable		Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Unexercisable		Option
Exercise
Price ($)		Option
Expiration
Date
John A. Roberts4,000 (1)— (1)$60.00 7/11/2026
958 (2)42 (2)$75.00 2/22/2027
Ralf Brandt3,333 (3)— (3)$93.00 8/15/2027
2,583 (4)2,417 (4)$26.70 5/10/2028
9,166 (5)834 (5)$5.53 1/2/2030
M. Glenn Miles (6)1,278 (7)— (7)$9.00 11/16/2021
8,333 (8)— (8)$5.53 11/16/2021
______________________
(1)    83 options vested on July 11, 2016. The remaining options vest in 15 equal quarterly installments of 250 options commencing October 11, 2016 and 167 options vesting on July 11, 2020.
(2)    Options vest in 48 equal monthly installments of 21 options commencing one month after the grant date.
(3)    Options vest in 8 equal quarterly installments of 417 options, commencing on October 1, 2017.
(4)    20% of the options vest one year after the grant date, with the remaining options vesting in equal monthly installments of 83 over the next 48 months.
(5)    Options vest in 12 equal monthly installments of 833 options commencing one month after the grant date.
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(6)    In connection with Mr. Miles’ departure, the Company and Mr. Miles entered into a separation agreement. The separation agreement provides, among other things, that the expiration of his options shall be extended until November 16, 2021.
(7)    20% of the options vest one year after the grant date, with the remaining options vesting in equal monthly installments of 56 over the next 48 months. On November 16, 2020, unvested options were forfeited.
(8)    Options vest in 12 equal monthly installments of 833 options commencing one month after the grant date. On November 16, 2020, unvested options were forfeited.

Director Compensation
Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy
In July 2019, the Company amended its director compensation policy. The Company's amended director compensation policy provides for the following cash compensation to its non-employee directors:

•each non-employee director receives a monthly retainer fee, paid in advance, of $2,500;
•the Company's chairman of the board receives an additional monthly retainer fee of $2,500;
•the chairman of the Company's audit committee receives a monthly retainer fee of $1,000;
•other audit committee members and compensation committee members receive a quarterly retainer fee of $1,000; and
•each non-employee director receives a meeting fee of $250 for each teleconference or $750 for each in-person meeting (exclusive of all travel related reimbursement).

This policy provides for the following equity compensation to the Company's non-employee directors:

•each non-employee director receives a one-time 3,333 share stock option at fair market value on the date of grant, vesting monthly in 12 equal installments over 12 months.
On July 23, 2019, in connection with the adoption of the amended director compensation policy, the Company granted each non-employee director options to purchase 3,333 shares of common stock.
The Company also reimburses non-employee directors for reasonable expenses incurred in connection with attending Board and committee meetings.
Except as set forth in the table below, the non-employee directors did not receive any cash or equity compensation during 2020:
DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
NameFees Earned
or Paid
in Cash ($)		Stock
Awards
($) (1)		Option
Awards
($) (1)		All Other
Compensation
($)		Total ($)
Geoffrey Harris$76,500 $— $— $— $76,500 
Edmund Cannon$42,000 $— $— $— $42,000 
Howard McLeod$37,750 $— $— $— $37,750 
Franklyn G. Prendergast, M.D., Ph.D.$42,250 $— $— $— $42,250 
______________________
(1)    Represents the aggregate grant date fair value for grants made in 2020 computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. This calculation does not give effect to any estimate of forfeitures related to service-based vesting, but assumes that the executive will perform the requisite service for the award to vest in full. The assumptions used in valuing options are described in Note 12 to the Company’s financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors is currently composed of the following two non-employee directors: Mr. Cannon and Dr. Prendergast. None of these Compensation Committee members was an officer or employee of the Company during the year. No Compensation Committee interlocks between the Company and another entity existed.

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Item 11.Executive Compensation.

The information required by this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement for our 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which we anticipate will be filed no later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and is incorporated by reference herein.

Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.


Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management

The following table sets forth certain information requiredas of March 23, 2021 with respect to the beneficial ownership of common stock of the Company by this item will be containedthe following: (i) each of the Company’s current directors; (ii) each of the named executive officers; (iii) all of the current executive officers and directors as a group; and (iv) each person known by the Company to own beneficially more than five percent (5%) of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock.
For purposes of the following table, beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the applicable SEC rules and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Except as otherwise noted in the Proxy Statement for our 2019 Annual Meetingfootnotes to the table, the Company believes that each person or entity named in the table has sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of Stockholders, which we anticipate will be filed no later than 120the Company’s common stock shown as beneficially owned by that person or entity (or shares such power with his or her spouse). Under the SEC’s rules, shares of the Company’s common stock issuable under options that are exercisable on or within 60 days after March 23, 2021 (“Presently Exercisable Options”) are deemed outstanding and therefore included in the endnumber of our fiscal year endedshares reported as beneficially owned by a person or entity named in the table and are used to compute the percentage of the common stock beneficially owned by that person or entity. These shares are not, however, deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of the common stock beneficially owned by any other person or entity.
The percentage of the common stock beneficially owned by each person or entity named in the following table is based on 11,007,186 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of March 23, 2021 plus any shares issuable upon exercise of Presently Exercisable Options held by such person or entity.
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner*Number of Shares
Beneficially Owned		Percentage of Shares Beneficially Owned
Named Executive Officers, Executive Officers and Directors:
Edmund Cannon7,227 (1)*
Dr. Franklyn G. Prendergast, M.D., Ph.D.5,849 (2)*
Geoffrey Harris8,914 (3)*
Howard McLeod5,115 (3)*
John A. Roberts14,920 (4)*
Ralf Brandt73,055 (5)*
All current executive officers and directors as a group (6 persons)115,080 1.0 %
Glenn Miles14,610 (6)*
5% Holders
Intracoastal Capital, LLC (7)1,099,618 (9)9.99 %
Lind Global Marco Fund, LP (8)1,145,119 (10)9.99 %
______________________
(*)    Less than 1%.
(1)    Includes 5,166 shares of common stock underlying options exercisable on or before May 22, 2021.
(2)    Includes 5,433 shares of common stock underlying options exercisable on or before May 22, 2021.
(3)    Includes 4,666 shares of common stock underlying options exercisable on or before May 22, 2021.
(4)    Includes 5,000 shares of common stock underlying options exercisable on or before May 22, 2021.
(5)    Includes 55,722 shares of common stock owned through the Brandt Family Trust. Includes 16,333 shares of common stock underlying options exercisable on or before May 22, 2021. Excludes 2,000 shares of common stock underlying options that are not exercisable on or before May 22, 2021.
(6)    Includes 9,610 shares of common stock underlying options exercisable on or before May 22, 2021.
(7)    Mitchell P. Kopin (“Mr. Kopin”) and Daniel B. Asher (“Mr. Asher”), each of whom are managers of Intracoastal Capital LLC (“Intracoastal”), have shared voting control and investment discretion over the securities reported herein that are held by Intracoastal. As a result, each of Mr. Kopin and Mr. Asher may be deemed to have beneficial ownership (as determined under Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) of the securities reported herein that are held by Intracoastal.
(8)    Jeff Easton is the Managing Member of Lind Global Partners, LLC, which is the General Partner of Lind Global Macro Fund, LP, and in such capacity has the right to vote and dispose of the securities held by such entity. Mr. Easton
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disclaims beneficial ownership over the securities listed except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. The address for Lind Global Macro Fund, LP is 444 Madison Avenue, 41st Floor, New York, NY 10022.
(9)    Represents 1,099,618 shares of CGI Common Stock.
(10)    Represents (i) 689,656 shares of CGI Common Stock and (ii) that portion of 689,656 shares of CGI Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of CGI warrants, limited by maximum ownership provisions, in each case issued in the CGI PIPE.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides information as of December 31, 2020 regarding shares of the Company's common stock that may be issued under the Company's existing equity compensation plans, including its 2008 Stock Option Plan (the “2008 Plan”) and its 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) as well as shares issued outside of these plans.
 Equity Compensation Plan Information 
Plan Category(a)
Number of securities
to be issued upon exercise
of outstanding options
and rights (1)		(b)
Weighted average
exercise price of
outstanding options
and rights		(c)
Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under equity
compensation plan
(excluding securities
referenced in column (a))		 
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (2)55,907 $45.92 39,440 (3)

(1)Does not include any restricted stock as such shares are already reflected in the Company's outstanding shares.
(2)Consists of the 2008 Plan and the 2011 Plan.
(3)Includes securities available for future issuance under the 2011 Plan. Effective April 9, 2018, andthe Company is incorporated by reference herein.no longer able to issue options from the 2008 Plan.


Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.


Other than compensation arrangements for named executive officers and directors, the Company describes below each transaction and series of similar transactions, since the beginning of fiscal year 2020, to which the Company were a party or will be a party, in which:

•the amounts involved exceeded or will exceed the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of the smaller reporting company’s total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years; and
•any of the Company's directors, nominees for director, executive officers or holders of more than 5% of the Company's common stock, or any member of the immediate family of the foregoing persons, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.

Compensation arrangements for the Company's named executive officers and directors are described in the section entitled “Executive Compensation”.
Indemnification Agreements
The information requiredCompany has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its current directors and executive officers. These agreements will require the Company to indemnify these individuals to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law against liabilities that may arise by this item willreason of their service to the Company, and to advance expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be containedindemnified. The Company also intends to enter into indemnification agreements with its future directors and executive officers.
Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions
The Company adopted a policy that its executive officers, directors, nominees for election as a director, beneficial owners of more than 5% of any class of the Company's common stock, any members of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons and any firms, corporations or other entities in which any of the foregoing persons is employed or is a partner or principal or in a similar position or in which such person has a 5% or greater beneficial ownership interest (collectively, “related parties”) are not permitted to enter into a transaction with the Company without the prior consent of the Company's board of
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directors acting through the audit committee or, in certain circumstances, the chairman of the audit committee. Any request for the Company to enter into a transaction with a related party, in which such related party would have a direct or indirect interest in the Proxy Statementtransaction, must first be presented to the Company's audit committee, or in certain circumstances the chairman of the Company's audit committee, for our 2019 Annual Meetingreview, consideration and approval. In approving or rejecting any such proposal, the Company's audit committee is to consider the material facts of Stockholders, which we anticipate will be filedthe transaction, including, but not limited to, whether the transaction is on terms no laterless favorable than 120 days afterterms generally available to an unaffiliated third party under the endsame or similar circumstances, the extent of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018the benefits to us, the availability of other sources of comparable products or services and the extent of the related person’s interest in the transaction.

Director Independence

The Company is incorporatedcurrently managed by reference herein.a four-member board of directors. All of the Company’s current directors are “independent” as that term is defined under the rules of The NASDAQ Stock Market.


Item 14.Principal Accounting Fees and Services.


The informationfollowing table summarizes the fees for professional services rendered by Marcum LLP (second quarter of 2019 and forward) and RSM US LLP (first quarter of 2019), the Company's independent registered public accounting firms, for each of the respective last two fiscal years:
Fee Category20202019
Audit Fees$433,964 $597,764 
Audit-Related Fees198,083 85,225 
Tax Fees— 63,000 
Total Fees$632,047 $745,989 
Audit Fees
Represents fees for professional services provided in connection with the audit of the Company’s annual financial statements and reviews of the Company’s quarterly interim financial statements.

Audit-Related Fees

Fees related to review of registration statements, acquisition due diligence and statutory audits.

Tax Fees

Tax fees are associated with tax compliance, tax advice, tax planning and tax preparation services.

The Audit Committee is responsible for appointing, setting compensation and overseeing the work of the independent auditors. The Audit Committee is required to review and approve the proposed retention of independent auditors to perform any proposed auditing and non-auditing services as outlined in its charter. The Audit Committee has not established policies and procedures separate from its charter concerning the pre-approval of auditing and non-auditing related services. As required by this item willSection 10A of the Exchange Act, our Audit Committee has authorized all auditing and non-auditing services provided by Marcum, LLP and RSM US LLP during 2020 and 2019 and the fees paid for such services. However, the pre-approval requirement may be containedwaived with respect to the provision of non-audit services for the Company if the “de minimis” provisions of Section 10A(i)(1)(B) of the Exchange Act are satisfied

The Audit Committee has considered whether the provision of Audit-Related Fees, Tax Fees, and all other fees as described above is compatible with maintaining RSM US LLP and Marcum, LLP's independence and has determined that such services for fiscal years 2019 and 2018 were compatible. All such services were approved by the Audit Committee pursuant to Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X under the Exchange Act to the extent that rule was applicable.

The Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing and discussing the audit financial statements with management, discussing with the independent registered public accountants the matters required by Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Auditing Standard No. 1301 Communications with Audit Committees, receiving written disclosures from the independent registered public accountants required by the applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
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regarding the independent registered public accountants’ communications with the Audit Committee concerning independence and discussing with the independent registered public accountants their independence, and recommending to the Board that the audit financial statements be included in the Proxy Statement for our 2019Company’s Annual MeetingReport on Form 10-K.
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Table of Stockholders, which we anticipate will be filed no later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and is incorporated by reference herein.Contents


PART IV
Item 15.Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.


(a)(1) Financial Statements. The financial statements filed as part of this report are listed on the Index to the Consolidated Financial Statements.


(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules. Schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.


(a)(3) Exhibits. Reference is made to the Exhibit Index. The exhibits are included, or incorporated by reference, in this annual report on Form 10-K and are numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K.


Item 16.Form 10-K Summary.


None.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
Cancer Genetics, Inc.
(Registrant)
Date: April 15, 2019March 31, 2021/s/ John A. Roberts
John A. Roberts
President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive, Financial and Accounting Officer and duly authorized signatory)
Date: April 15, 2019/s/ M. Glenn Miles
M. Glenn Miles
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)





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SIGNATURES AND POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints John A. Roberts, and M. Glenn Miles, and each of them, his true and lawful agent, proxy and attorney-in-fact, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to (i) act on, sign and file with the Securities and Exchange Commission any and all amendments to this annual report on Form 10-K together with all schedules and exhibits thereto, (ii) act on, sign and file such certificates, instruments, agreements and other documents as may be necessary or appropriate in connection therewith and, (iii) take any and all actions which may be necessary or appropriate to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby approving, ratifying and confirming all that such agent, proxy and attorney-in-fact or any of his substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this annual report on Form 10-K has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
SignatureTitleDate
SignatureTitleDate
/s/ John A. RobertsPresident and Chief Executive OfficerApril 15, 2019March 31, 2021
John A. Roberts(Principal Executive, Officer)
/s/ M. Glenn MilesChief Financial OfficerApril 15, 2019
M. Glenn Miles(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ John PappajohnGeoffrey HarrisChairman of the Board of DirectorsApril 15, 2019March 31, 2021
John PappajohnGeoffrey Harris
/s/ Geoffrey HarrisDirectorApril 15, 2019
Geoffrey Harris
/s/ Edmund CannonDirectorApril 15, 2019March 31, 2021
Edmund Cannon
/s/ Howard McLeodDirectorApril 15, 2019March 31, 2021
Howard McLeod
/s/ Michael J. WelshDirectorApril 15, 2019
Michael J. Welsh
/s/ Raju S. K. ChagantiDirectorApril 15, 2019
Raju S. K. Chaganti, Ph.D.
/s/ Franklyn G. PrendergastDirectorApril 15, 2019March 31, 2021
Franklyn G. Prendergast, M.D., Ph.D.
/s/ Thomas F. WidmannDirectorApril 15, 2019
Thomas F. Widmann

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS
 
Exhibit
No.
Description
2.12.1#
2.22.2#
3.12.3#
2.4#
2.5#
2.6#
2.7#
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
4.3
Form of October 2012 Warrant issued by Cancer Genetics, Inc. to John Pappajohn and Mark Oman, filed as Exhibit 10.53 to Form S-1/A filed on October 23, 2012 (File No. 333-178836) and incorporated herein by reference.
4.44.3
Share Purchase Agreement, by and among Cancer Genetics (India) Private Limited, Cancer Genetics, Inc., BioServe Biotechnologies (India) Pvt. Ltd., BioServe Biotechnologies Ltd., and each of the Selling Shareholders named therein, dated May 12, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s current reportCurrent Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 18, 2014 with the Securities and Exchange Commission)Commission on August 18, 2014).
4.54.4
4.64.5
4.74.6
4.84.7
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4.9
Exhibit
No.
Description
4.8
4.104.9
4.114.10
4.124.11
4.134.12
4.144.13

Exhibit
No.
4.14*
10.14.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
Employment Agreement, between Panna Sharma and Cancer Genetics, Inc., effective as of April 1, 2010, filed as Exhibit 10.17 to Form S-1/A filed on February 14, 2012 (File No. 333-178836) and incorporated herein by reference.
10.9
Office Lease Agreement, between Cancer Genetics, Inc. and Onyx Equities, LLC, dated October 9, 2007, filed as Exhibit 10.20 to Form S-1/A filed on April 23, 2012 (File No. 333-178836) and incorporated herein by reference.
10.1010.8
10.1110.9
10.1210.10
10.13
Amendment No. 1 to Affiliation Agreement, between Cancer Genetics, Inc. and Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, dated September 29, 2012, filed as Exhibit 10.49 to Form S-1/A filed on October 23, 2012 (File No. 333-178836) and incorporated herein by reference.

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10.14
Exhibit
No.
Description
10.11
10.1510.12
10.1610.13
10.1710.14
10.1810.15
10.1910.16
10.2010.17

Exhibit
No.
10.18		Description
10.21
10.22
Credit Agreement, between Cancer Genetics, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., dated April 1, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on April 4, 2014 with the Securities and Exchange Commission).
10.23
Revolving Line of Credit Note, between Cancer Genetics, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., dated April 1, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on April 4, 2014 with the Securities and Exchange Commission).
10.24
Consulting Agreement, between Cancer Genetics Inc. and Equity Dynamics, dated November 6, 2014 and effective as of April 1, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2014 with the Securities and Exchange Commission). †
10.25
Security Agreement, between Cancer Genetics, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., dated November 12, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2014 with the Securities and Exchange Commission).
10.26
First Amendment to Credit Agreement, between Cancer Genetics, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., dated November 12, 2014. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2014 with the Securities and Exchange Commission).
10.27
Loan and Security Agreement, between Cancer Genetics, Inc. and Silicon Valley Bank, dated May 7, 2015.(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2015 with the Securities and Exchange Commission).
10.28
Amended and Restated Asset Purchase Agreement By and Between Response Genetics, Inc. a Delaware Corporation, and Cancer Genetics., a Delaware Corporation, dated as of August 14, 2015 (incorporated by reference to the Company's current report on Form 8-K filed on August 21, 2015).
10.29
2011 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated effective May 14, 2015, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form S-8 filed on July 28, 2015 (File Number 333-205903) and incorporated herein by reference. †
10.3010.19
10.31
Form of Warrant Agreement of Cancer Genetics, Inc. (corrected) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s quarterly reportQuarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the period ended September 30, 2015filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission)Commission on November 9, 2015).
10.3210.20
10.3310.21
10.44
Consent and First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, between Cancer Genetics, Inc. and Silicon Valley Bank, dated January 28, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.73 to the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filedCommission on March 10, 2016)2015).
10.4510.22
10.4610.23
10.47
Eleventh Amendment to Lease Agreement, dated June 10, 2016, between University of Southern California and Cancer Genetics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's quarterly reportQuarterly Report on Form 10-Q, forfiled with the period ended June 30,Securities and Exchange Commission on August 9, 2016).
10.4810.24

Exhibit
No.
10.25		Description
10.49
10.5010.26
10.51
Amendment, dated as of October 11, 2016, to Amended and Restated Cancer Genetics, Inc. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 12, 2016).
10.5210.27
10.53
Loan and Security Agreement with Partners for Growth IV, L.P. dated as of March 22, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.82 to the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed on March 23, 2017).
10.54
Form of Warrant issued to lenders dated March 22, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.83 to the Company's annual reportAnnual Report on Form 10-K, forfiled with the year ended December 31, 2016, filedSecurities and Exchange Commission on March 23, 2017).
10.5510.28
10.56
Employment Agreement between Dr. Shaknovich and Cancer Genetics, Inc., effective as of May 28, 2017 (incorporated by reference to the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2017). †
10.57
Common Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 14, 2017, by and between the Company and Aspire Capital Fund, LLC (incorporated by reference to the Company's current reportCurrent Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 16, 2017).
10.5810.29
10.59
Engagement Letter between Cancer Genetics, Inc. and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, dated as of December 3, 2017 (incorporated by reference to the Company's current report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 8, 2017).
10.60
Separation and General Release Agreement by and between Panna Sharma and Cancer Genetics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.60 of the Company's annual report on Form 10-K, filed on April 2, 2018). †
10.61
Thirteenth Amendment to Lease Agreement by and between the University of South Carolina and Cancer Genetics, Inc., dated March 29, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to the Company's annual reportAnnual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 2, 2018).
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Exhibit
No.
Description
10.62
10.30
10.6310.31
10.64
Waiver and First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement by and between Silicon Valley Bank and Cancer Genetics, Inc., dated May 14, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's current report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 15, 2018).
10.65
Conditional Waiver & Modification No. 1 to Loan and Security Agreement by and between Partners for Growth IV, L.P. and Cancer Genetics, Inc., dated May 14, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 15, 2018).
10.66
Joinder and Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank, dated as of June 21, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's current report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 27, 2018).

Exhibit
No.
10.32		Description
10.67
10.68
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated July 17, 2018, between Cancer Genetics, Inc. and Iliad Research and Trading, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s current reportCurrent Report on Form 8-K filed on July 18, 2018 with the Securities and Exchange Commission).
10.6910.33
10.70
Waiver and Modification No. 3 to Loan and Security Agreement with Partners for Growth IV, L.P., dated as of August 20, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's current report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 21, 2018).
10.71
Credit Agreement, dated September 18, 2018, by and between Cancer Genetics, Inc. and NovellusDx Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's current reportCurrent Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 21, 2018).
10.7210.34
10.7310.35
10.74
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated September 18, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 19, 2018.
10.75
Waiver and Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Security Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank, dated as of November 19, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 19, 2018).
10.76
Waiver Under Loan Security Agreement with Partners for Growth IV, L.P., dated as of November 19, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 19, 2018.
10.77
Offer Letter with Glenn Miles, dated November 16, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's current reportCurrent Report on Form 8-K/A, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 21, 2018).††
10.7810.36
10.37
10.38
10.39
10.7910.40
10.80*10.41
10.42
10.43
10.44
10.45
10.81*10.46
10.82*21.1
10.83*
Offer Letter with William Finger, dated December 14, 2018. †
21.1*
Subsidiaries of Cancer Genetics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 16, 2019).
23.1*
24.1
24.1

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Table of Contents
Exhibit
No.
Description
31.1*
31.2*32.1**
32.1**
Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**101*
Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101*The following financial statements from this annual report on Form 10-K of Cancer Genetics, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, filed on April 15, 2019,March XX, 2021, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity and (v) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

*Filed herewith.
**Furnished herewith.
†Indicates a management contract or compensation plan, contract or arrangement.
#Schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. CGI hereby undertakes to furnish supplementally copies of any of the omitted schedules upon request by the SEC.



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