Part I

General

J & J Snack Foods Corp. (the “Company” or “J & J”) manufactures snack foods and distributes frozen beverages which it markets nationally to the foodservice and retail supermarket industries. The Company’s principal snack food products are soft pretzels marketed primarily under the brand names SUPERPRETZEL, BRAUHAUS AUNTIE ANNE’S* and BAVARIAN BAKERY, frozen novelties marketed primarily under the DIPPIN’ DOTS, LUIGI’S, WHOLE FRUIT, ICEE, DOGSTERS, PHILLY SWIRL SOUR PATCH** and MINUTE MAID*** brand names, churros marketed primarily under the TIO PEPE’S¡HOLA! and CALIFORNIA CHURROS brand names and bakery products sold primarily under the READI-BAKE, COUNTRY HOME, MARY B’S, DADDY RAY’S and HILL & VALLEY brand names as well as for private label and contract packing. J & J believes it is the largest manufacturer of soft pretzels in the United States. Other snack food products include funnel cake sold under THE FUNNEL CAKE FACTORY brand and handheld products sold under smaller brands. The Company’s principal frozen beverage products are the ICEE brand frozen carbonated beverage and the SLUSH PUPPIE brand frozen non-carbonated beverage.

The Company’s Food Service and Frozen Beverages sales are made primarily to foodservice customers including snack bar and food stand locations in leading chain, department, discount, warehouse club and convenience stores; malls and shopping centers; fast food and casual dining restaurants; stadiums and sports arenas; leisure and theme parks; movie theatres; independent retailers; and schools, colleges and other institutions. The Company’s retail supermarket customers are primarily supermarket chains.

* AUNTIE ANNE’S is a registered trademark of Auntie Anne’s LLC

** SOUR PATCH is a registered trademark of Mondelēz International Group

*** Minute Maid is a registered trademark of the Coca-Cola Company

The Company was incorporated in 1971 under the laws of the State of New Jersey.

The Company operates in three business segments: Food Service, Retail Supermarkets and Frozen Beverages. These segments are described below.

The Chief Operating Decision Maker for Food Service, Retail Supermarkets and Frozen Beverages reviews detailed operating income statements and sales reports in order to assess performance and allocate resources to each individual segment. Sales and operating income are key variables monitored by the Chief Operating Decision Maker and management when determining each segment’s and the Company’s financial condition and operating performance. In addition, the Chief Operating Decision Maker reviews and evaluates depreciation, capital spending and assets of each segment on a quarterly basis to monitor cash flow and asset needs of each segment (see Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for financial information about segments.segments).

Food Service

The primary products sold by the Food Service segment are soft pretzels, frozen novelties, churros, handheld products and baked goods. Our customers in the Food Service segment include snack bars and food stands in chain, department and discount stores; malls and shopping centers; casual dining restaurants; fast food and casual dining restaurants; stadiums and sports arenas; leisure and theme parks; convenience stores; movie theatres; warehouse club stores; schools, colleges and other institutions. Within the food service industry, our products are purchased by the consumer primarily for consumption at the point-of-sale or for take-away.

Retail Supermarkets

The primary products sold to the retail supermarket channel are soft pretzel products – including SUPERPRETZEL, and AUNTIE ANNE’S, frozen novelties including LUIGI’S Real Italian Ice, MINUTE MAID Juice Bars and Soft Frozen Lemonade, WHOLE FRUIT frozen fruit bars and sorbet, DOGSTERS ice cream style treats for dogs, PHILLY SWIRL cups and sticks, SOUR PATCH sticks, ICEE Squeeze-Up Tubes and handheld products. Within the retail supermarket channel, our frozen and prepackaged products are purchased by the consumer for consumption at home.

Frozen Beverages

We sell frozen beverages to the foodservice industry primarily under the names ICEE, SLUSH PUPPIE and PARROT ICE in the United States, Mexico and Canada. We also provide repair and maintenance services to customers for customers’ ownedcustomer-owned equipment.

Products

Soft Pretzels

The Company’s soft pretzels are sold under many brand names; some of which are: SUPERPRETZEL, PRETZEL FILLERS, PRETZELFILS, GOURMET TWISTS, MR. TWISTER, SOFT PRETZEL BITES, SOFTSTIX, SOFT PRETZEL BUNS, TEXAS TWIST, BAVARIAN BAKERY, SUPERPRETZEL BAVARIAN, NEW YORK PRETZEL KIM & SCOTT’S GOURMET PRETZELS, SERIOUSLY TWISTED!, BRAUHAUS AND AUNTIE ANNE’S;BRAUHAUS; and, to a lesser extent, under private labels.

Soft pretzels are sold in the Food Service and Retail Supermarket segments. Soft pretzel sales amounted to 19% of the Company’s revenue in fiscal year 2023, 19% in fiscal year 2022, and 20% in both fiscal year 2021 and fiscal year 2020.2021.

Certain of the Company’s soft pretzels qualify under USDA regulations as the nutritional equivalent of bread for purposes of the USDA school lunch program, thereby enabling a participating school to obtain partial reimbursement of the cost of the Company’s soft pretzels from the USDA.

The Company’s soft pretzels are manufactured according to a proprietary formula. Soft pretzels, ranging in size from one to twenty-four ounces in weight, are shaped and formed by the Company’s twister machines. These soft pretzel tying machines are automated, high-speed machines for twisting dough into the traditional pretzel shape. Additionally, we make soft pretzels which are extruded or shaped by hand. Soft pretzels, after processing, are primarily quick-frozen in either raw or baked form and packaged for delivery.

The Company’s principal marketing program in the Food Service segment includes supplying ovens, mobile merchandisers, display cases, warmers and similar merchandising equipment to the retailer to prepare and promote the sale of soft pretzels. Some of this equipment is proprietary, including combination warmer and display cases that reconstituterebake frozen soft pretzels while displaying them, thus eliminating the need for an oven. The Company retains ownership of the equipment placed in customer locations, and as a result, customers are not required to make an investment in equipment.

Frozen Novelties

The Company’s frozen novelties are marketed primarily under the DIPPIN’DOTS, LUIGI’S, WHOLE FRUIT, DOGSTERS, PHILLY SWIRL, SOUR PATCH, ICEE and MINUTE MAID brand names. Frozen novelties are sold in the Food Service and Retail Supermarkets segments. Frozen novelties sales were 14%17% of the Company’s revenue in fiscal year 2023, 14% in fiscal year 2022, and 13% in fiscal year 2021, and 12% in fiscal year 2020.2021.

The Company’s school foodservice LUIGI’S and WHOLE FRUIT frozen juice bars and cups are produced in various flavors and contain three to four ounces of 100% apple or pineapple juice with no added sugar and 100% of the daily US FDA value of vitamin C. The juice bars are produced in various flavors and are packaged in a sealed push-up paper container referred to as the Milliken M-pak, which the Company believes has certain sanitary and safety advantages.

The Company’s DIPPIN’ DOTS’ frozen novelty products are cryogenically frozen beads of ice cream, created using liquid nitrogen at -320 degrees Fahrenheit. Product variations include ice cream (milk and cream based), flavored ice (water based) and frozen yogurt branded YoDots. The product is served to consumers by the cup, or via individual serving packages.

The balance of the Company’s frozen novelties products are manufactured from water, sweeteners and fruit juice concentrates in various flavors and packaging including cups, tubes, sticks, M-paks and pints. Several of the products contain ice cream and WHOLE FRUIT bars contains pieces of fruit.

Churros

The Company’s churros are sold primarily under the TIO PEPE’S¡HOLA! and CALIFORNIA CHURROS brand names. Churros are sold to the Food Service and Retail Supermarkets segments. Churro sales were 6%7% of the Company’s sales in fiscal year 2023 and 6% in both fiscal years 2022 and 2021 and 5% in fiscal year 2020.2021. Churros are pastries in stick form which the Company produces in several sizes according to a proprietary formula. The churros are deep fried, frozen and packaged. At food service point-of-sale they are reheated and topped with a cinnamon sugar mixture. The Company also sells fruitchocolate-filled, fruit-filled and crème-filled churros. The Company supplies churro merchandising equipment similar to that used for its soft pretzels.

Handheld Products

The Company's handheld products are marketed under the SUPREME STUFFERS and SWEET STUFFERS brand names andsold primarily under private labels.label names. Handheld products are sold to the Food Service and Retail Supermarket segments. Handheld product sales amounted to 7%6% of the Company’s sales in fiscal year 2023 and 7% in both fiscal years 2022 and 2021, and 5% in fiscal year 2020.2021.

Bakery Products

The Company’s bakery products are marketed under the MRS. GOODCOOKIE, READI-BAKE, COUNTRY HOME, MARY B’S, DADDY RAY’S and HILL & VALLEY brand names, and under private labels. Bakery products include primarily biscuits, fig and fruit bars, cookies, breads, rolls, crumb, muffins and donuts. Bakery products are sold to the Food Service segment. Bakery products sales amounted to 29%26% of the Company’s sales in fiscal year 2023, 29% in fiscal year 2022 and 32% in fiscal year 2021 and 35% in fiscal year 2020.2021.

Frozen Beverages

The Company markets frozen beverages primarily under the names ICEE, SLUSH PUPPIE and PARROT ICE which are sold primarily in the United States, Mexico and Canada. Frozen beverages are soldreported in the Frozen Beverages segment.

Frozen beverage sales amounted to 13%14% of the Company’s revenue in fiscal year 2023, 13% in fiscal year 2022 and 11% in fiscal year 2021 and 10% in fiscal year 2020.2021.

Under the Company’s principal marketing program for frozen carbonated beverages, it installs frozen beverage dispensers for its ICEE brand at customer locations and thereafter services the machines, arranges to supply customers with ingredients required for production of the frozen beverages, and supports customer retail sales efforts with in-store promotions and point-of-sale materials. The Company sells frozen non-carbonated beverages under the SLUSH PUPPIE and PARROT ICE brands through a distributor network and through its own distribution network. The Company also provides repair and maintenance service to customers for customer-owned equipment and sells equipment in its Frozen Beverages segment. Revenue from equipment sales and repair and maintenance services totaled 9% of the Company’s sales in botheach of the fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, and 11% in fiscal year 2020.2021.

Each new frozen carbonated customer location requires a frozen beverage dispenser supplied by the Company or by the customer. Company-supplied frozen carbonated dispensers are purchased from outside vendors or rebuilt by the Company.

The Company provides managed service and/or products to approximately 128,000132,000 Company-owned and customer-owned dispensers.

The Company has the rights to market and distribute frozen beverages under the name ICEE and Slush Puppie to the entire continental United States as well as internationally.

Other Products

Other products sold by the Company include funnel cakes sold under the FUNNEL CAKE FACTORY brand name and smaller amounts of various other food products. These products are sold in the Food Service and Frozen Beverages segments.

Customers

The Company sells its products to two principal channels: foodservice and retail supermarkets. The primary products sold to the foodservice channel are soft pretzels, frozen beverages, frozen novelties, churros, handheld products and baked goods. The primary products sold to the retail supermarket channel are soft pretzels, frozen novelties and handheld products.

We have several large customers that account for a significant portion of our sales. Our top ten customers accounted for 43%, 43% and 43% of our sales during fiscal years 2023, 2022 2021 and 2020,2021, respectively, with our largest customer accounting for 9% of our sales in fiscal 2023, 8% of our sales in fiscal 2022 and 11% of our sales in 2021 and 13% of our sales in 2020. Sixfiscal 2021. Five of the ten customers in fiscal 20222023 are food distributors who sell our product to many end users. The loss of one or more of our large customers could adversely affect our results of operations. These customers typically do not enter into long-term contracts and make purchase decisions based on a combination of price, product quality, consumer demand and customer service performance. If our sales to one or more of these customers are reduced, this reduction may adversely affect our business. If receivables from one or more of these customers become uncollectible, our operating income would be adversely impacted.

The Food Service and the Frozen Beverages segments sell primarily to foodservice channels. The Retail Supermarkets segment sells primarily to the retail supermarket channel.

The Company’s customers in the foodserviceFood Service segment include snack bars and food stands in chain, department and mass merchandising stores, malls and shopping centers, fast food and casual dining restaurants, stadiums and sports arenas, leisure and theme parks, convenience stores, movie theatres, warehouse club stores, schools, colleges and other institutions, and independent retailers. Machines and machine parts are sold to other food and beverage companies. Within the food service industry, the Company’s products are purchased by the consumer primarily for consumption at the point-of-sale.

The Company sells its products to an estimated 85-90% of supermarkets in the United States. Products sold to retail supermarket customers are primarily soft pretzel products, including SUPERPRETZEL and AUNTIE ANNE’S, frozen novelties including LUIGI’S Real Italian Ice, MINUTE MAID Juice Bars and Soft Frozen Lemonade, WHOLE FRUIT frozen fruit bars, WHOLE FRUIT Sorbet, PHILLY SWIRL cups and sticks, MARY B’S biscuits and dumplings, DADDY RAY’S fig and fruit bars, HILL & VALLEY baked goods, and ICEE Squeeze-Up Tubes. Within the retail supermarket industry, the Company’s frozen and prepackaged products are purchased by the consumer for consumption at home.

Marketing and Distribution

The Company has developed asupports its portfolio of brands with national and regional marketing program for its products.programs. For the Food Service and Frozen Beverages segments’ customers, thisthese marketing programprograms includes providing ovens, mobile merchandisers, display cases, freezers, kiosks, warmers, frozen beverage dispensers and other merchandising equipment for the individual customer’s requirements and point-of-sale materials as well as participating in trade shows and in-store demonstrations. The Company’s ongoing advertising and promotional campaigns for its Retail Supermarket segment’s products include consumer advertising campaigns across traditional and digital channels, and print/digital media with value added shopper offers and promotions.

The Company develops and introduces new products on a routine basis. The Company evaluates the success of new product introductions on the basis of sales and profit levels.

The Company’s products are sold through a network of food brokers, independent sales distributors and the Company’s own direct sales force. For its snack food products, the Company maintains warehouse and distribution facilities in Pennsauken, Bellmawr and Bridgeport, New Jersey; Vernon (Los Angeles), Colton and Lancaster, California; Brooklyn, New York; Scranton and Hatfield, Pennsylvania; Carrollton (Dallas), and Terrell, Texas; Atlanta, Georgia; Moscow Mills (St. Louis), Missouri; Pensacola and Tampa, Florida; Solon, Ohio; Weston, Oregon; Holly Ridge, North Carolina; Rock Island, Illinois; and Paducah, Kentucky. Frozen beverages and machine parts are distributed from 181170 Company managed warehouse and distribution facilities located in 44 states, Mexico and Canada, which allow the Company to directly service its customers in the surrounding areas. The Company’s products are shipped in frozen and other vehicles from the Company’s manufacturing and warehouse facilities on a fleet of Company operated tractor-trailers, trucks and vans, as well as by independent carriers.

Seasonality

The Company’s sales are seasonal because frozen beverage sales and frozen novelties sales are generally higher during the warmer months.

Trademarks and Patents

The Company has numerous trademarks,a significant trademark portfolio, the most important of which are SUPERPRETZEL, TEXAS TWIST, NEW YORK PRETZEL, BAVARIAN BAKERY, MR. TWISTER, SOFT PRETZEL BITES, SOFTSTIX PRETZEL FILLERS, PRETZELFILS and BRAUHAUS for its pretzel products; DIPPIN’ DOTS, SHAPE-UPS, WHOLE FRUIT, PHILLY SWIRL and LUIGI’S for its frozen novelties; TIO PEPE’S¡HOLA!, and CALIFORNIA CHURROS for its churros; ICEE, ARCTIC BLAST, SLUSH PUPPIE and PARROT ICE for its frozen beverages; FUNNEL CAKE FACTORY for its funnel cake products, and MRS. GOODCOOKIE, READI-BAKE, COUNTRY HOME, CAMDEN CREEK, MARY B’S, DADDY RAY’S and HILL & VALLEY for its bakery products.

The Company markets frozen beverages under the trademark ICEE in all of the United States and in Mexico and Canada. Additionally, the Company has the international rights to the trademark ICEE.

The trademarks, when renewed and continuously used, have an indefinite term and are considered important to the Company as a means of identifying its products. The Company considers its trademarks important to the success of its business.

The Company has numerous patents related to the manufacturing and marketing of its products.

Suppliers

The Company’s manufactured products are produced from raw materials which are readily available from numerous sources. With the exception of the Company’s churro production equipment, funnel cake production equipment and soft pretzel twisting equipment, all of which are made for J & Jthe Company by independent third parties, and certain specialized packaging equipment, the Company’s manufacturing equipment is readily available from various sources. Syrup for frozen beverages is purchased primarily from The Coca-Cola Company, Keurig Dr. Pepper, Inc., the Pepsi Cola Company, and Jogue, Inc. Cups, strawsCups. Straws and lids are readily available from various suppliers. Parts for frozen beverage dispensing machines are purchased from several sources.

Competition

Snack food and bakery products markets are highly competitive. The Company’s principal products compete against similar and different food products manufactured and sold by numerous other companies, some of which are substantially larger and have greater resources than the Company. As the soft pretzel, frozen novelties, bakery products and related markets evolve, additional competitors and new competing products may enter the markets. Competitive factors in these markets include product quality, customer service, taste, price, identity and brand name awareness, method of distribution and sales promotions.

The Company believes it is the only national distributor of soft pretzels. However, there are numerous regional and local manufacturers of food service and retail supermarket soft pretzels as well as several chains of retail pretzel stores.

In Frozen Beverages, the Company competes directly with other frozen beverage companies. There are many other regional frozen beverage competitors throughout the country and one large retail chain which uses its own frozen beverage brand.

The Company competes with large soft drink manufacturers for counter and floor space for its frozen beverage dispensing machines at retail locations and with products which are more widely known than the ICEE, SLUSH PUPPIE and PARROT ICE frozen beverages.

The Company competes with several other companies in the frozen novelties and bakery products markets.

Risks Associated with Foreign Operations

Foreign operations generallycan involve greater risk than doing business in the United States. Foreign economies differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States’ economy in such respects as the level of inflation and debt, which may result in fluctuations in the value of the country’s currency and real property. Sales of our foreign operations were $70.2 million, $45.2 million $20.8 million and $15.4$20.8 million in fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, and 2020, respectively. At September 30, 2023, the total assets of our foreign operations were $61.5 million or 4.8% of total assets. At September 24, 2022, the total assets of our foreign operations were $42.7 million or 3.5% of total assets. At September 25, 2021, the total assets of our foreign operations were $25.0 million or 2.2% of total assets.

Government Regulation and Food Safety

Our business operations are subject to regulation by various federal, state and local government entities and agencies. As a producer of food products for human consumption, our operations are subject to stringent production, packaging, quality, labeling and distribution standards, including regulations promulgated under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and the Food Safety Modernization Act. We are also subject to various federal, state and local environmental protection laws. TheBased upon available information, the cost of compliance with these laws and regulations did not have a material effect upon the level of capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position in fiscal 20222023 and is not expected to have a material impact in fiscal 2023.2024.

Our Food Safety & Quality (FSQA) personnel within our Compliance Department have broad, diverse academic and experience credentials and oversee all aspects of product safety & quality control across the Company. Our facilities are Global Food Safety Initiative (“GFSI”)(GFSI) certified and are audited annually by third partythird-party certification bodies. Our “Food Safety & Quality Plans” are validated and verified to ensure product safety and quality. We have implemented Corporate Standards which are aligned with GFSI and Regulatory standards and routinely conduct audits to ensure compliance. We provide bi-weekly support calls for FSQA and Plant Leadership and annual Food Safety Summit Meetings to develop and strengthen our facility teams. As part of the onboarding process, and throughout their careers, FSQA employees are engaged in food safety discussions and trainings to provide safe, high-quality products to customers and consumers.

Human Capital Management

Employees and Labor Relations

The Company has approximately 5,000 full and part-time employees and approximately 900800 workers employed by staffing agencies as of September 24, 2022.30, 2023. About 1,3001,400 production and distribution employees throughout the Company are covered by collective bargaining agreements. The Company considers its culture and employee relations to be positive.

Employee Safety

We maintain a safety culture grounded on the premise of eliminating workplace incidents, risks and hazards. We have a team of dedicated Employee Health & Safety professionals within our Compliance Department who oversee all aspects of employee safety across the company. ToWe keep our employees safe we focus onby ensuring all employees receive ongoing support and training. We have developed and implemented processes to identify and eliminate safety incidents by reducing their frequency and severity. We also closely review and monitor our safety performance. According to data from the U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Company’s Total Recordable Incident Rate (“TRIR”) and Days Away, Restricted or Transferred (“DART”) incident rates were lower than food manufacturing averages. Our goal is to reduce Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) recordable incidents year over year.

Professional Development

We deploy a variety of training programs throughout the organization and go to great lengths to make learning and knowledge available to our employees. Programs such as tuition reimbursement, mentorships, internships and internal trainings are some of the ways in which we invest in our people and their knowledge. We know that these investments are not only beneficial for our employees, but they are also important for the future success of our business. We continue to see increases in internal promotions across all levels of the organization.

Diversity and Inclusion

We believe that having an inclusive and diverse culture strengthens our ability to recruit and develop talent and allows our employees to thrive and succeed. Diversity of input and perspectives is an essential part of our strategic plan to build a winning team and culture. We believe that one key to success is attracting and retaining a diverse workforce that reflects our consumers of today and tomorrow, and we strive to do so. We also strive to foster an inclusive and diverse workplace culture where colleagues feel a sense of belonging, and are included in discussions and valued for their contributions.

Compensation

We believe in equal pay for equal work and that compensation should match talent, experience and skill set of a person. We regularly review our compensation practices and benchmark our performance to our peers within the industry to ensure we are fulfilling our obligations of fair pay.

Available Information

The Company’s internet address is www.jjsnack.com. On the investor relations section of its website, the Company provides free access to its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to these reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after such materials are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The information on the website listed above is not and should not be considered part of this annual report on Form 10-K and is not incorporated by reference in this document.

Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all the other information included in this report, in considering our business and prospects. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem insignificant or immaterial may also impairmaterially and adversely affect our business, operations.financial condition, results of operations or prospects. The following is a discussion of known potentially significant risks which could result in harm to our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Risks Related to COVID-19

The global COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 and 2021 significantly affected our operations. Approximately 2/3 of the Company’s sales are to venues and locations that previously shut down or sharply curtailed their food service operations as a result of COVID-19. While the majority of these venues have re-opened, the extent of the future impact of COVID-19 on our operations depends on future developments of the virus and its effects which is uncertain at this point in time. Furthermore any economic downturn caused by any pandemic, epidemic or other disease outbreak, comparable or similar to COVID-19, may also cause substantial changes in consumer behavior, adversely affecting results of operations and our financial position, some of which we may not be able to predict with certainty.

Risks of Shortages or Increased Cost of Raw Materials

We are exposed to the market risks arising from adverse changes in commodity prices, affecting the cost of our raw materials and energy. The raw materials and energy which we use for the production and distribution of our products are largely commodities that are subject to price volatility and fluctuations in availability caused by changes in global supply and demand, weather conditions, agricultural uncertainty or governmental controls. We purchase these materials and energy mainly in the open market. Our procurement practices are intended to reduce the risk of future price increases, but also may potentially limit the ability to benefit from possible price decreases. If commodity price changes result in increases in raw materials and energy costs, we may not be able to increase our prices to offset these increased costs without suffering reduced volume, revenue and operating income.

General Economic Risk

The willingness of our customers and consumers to purchase our products may depend in part on economic conditions. Worsening economic conditions or future challenges to economic growth could have a negative impact on consumer demand, which could adversely affect our business. Deterioration of national and global economic conditions could cause consumers to forego certain purchases during economic downturns that could result in decreased demand in the foodservicefor our business. The economic uncertainty may limit our ability to increase or maintain prices and reduce sales of higher margin products. In addition, changes in tax or interest rates, whether due to recession, efforts to combat inflation, financial and credit market disruptions or other reasons, could negatively impact us.

Risks Relating to Pandemics, Epidemics, or Other Disease Outbreaks

Pandemics, epidemics, or other disease outbreaks could significantly change consumption patterns for our products. These changes could force us to rapidly adapt to those new patterns, and, if we do not, our business could be materially and adversely affected. Additionally, pandemics, epidemics or other disease outbreaks may depress or otherwise impact demand for our products because quarantines may inhibit consumption or as the result of other factors. Restrictions on public gatherings or interactions may also limit the opportunity for our customers and consumers to purchase our products, especially in certain of our sales channels, such as food service. Any economc downturn caused by any pandemic, epidemic, or other disease outbreak may also cause substantial changes in consumer behavior and our supply chain operations, some of which may materially affect our operations and results of operations.

General Risks of the Food Industry

Food processorsWe are subject to the risks of adverse changes in general economic conditions; evolving consumer preferences and nutritional and health-related concerns; changes in food distribution channels; federal, state and local food processing controls or other mandates; changes in federal, state, local and international laws and regulations, or in the application of such laws and regulations; consumer product liability claims; risks of product tampering and contamination; and negative publicity surrounding actual or perceived product safety deficiencies. The increased buying power of large supermarket chains, other retail outlets and wholesale food vendors could result in greater resistance to price increases and could alter customer inventory levels and access to shelf space.

Risks of Shortages or Increased Costs of Labor

Our businesses operate in highly competitive markets.  The labor market in the United States is very competitive. We depend on the skills, working relationships, and continued services of employees, including our experienced management team. We must hire, train and develop effective employees. We compete with other companies both within and outside of our industry for talented employees, and we may lose key personnel or fail to attract, train, and retain other talented personnel.   In addition, our ability to achieve our operating goals depends on our ability to identify, hire, train, and retain qualified individuals. Any such loss or failure could adversely affect our product sales, financial condition, and operating results. Additionally, a shortage in the labor pool and other general inflationary pressures or changes, and applicable laws and regulations could increase labor costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated operating results or financial condition.

In addition, some of our associates are covered by collective bargaining agreements, and other associates may seek to be covered by collective bargaining agreements. Strikes or work stoppages or other business interruptions could occur if we are unable to renew these agreements on satisfactory terms or enter into new agreements on satisfactory terms or if we are unable to otherwise manage changes in, or that affect, our workforce, which could impair manufacturing or distribution of our products or result in a loss of sales, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition, or results of operations. The terms and conditions of existing, renegotiated or new collective bargaining agreements could also increase our costs or otherwise affect our ability to fully implement future operational changes to enhance our efficiency or adapt to changing business needs or strategy.

Environmental Risks

The disposal of solid and liquid waste material and the discharge of airborne pollutants resulting from the preparation and processing of foods is subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. Such laws and regulations have an important effect on the food processing industry as a whole, requiring substantially all firms in the industry to incur material expenditures for modification of existing processing facilities and for construction of upgraded or new waste treatment facilities.

We cannot predict what environmental legislation or regulations will be enacted in the future, how existing or future laws or regulations will be administered or interpreted or what environmental conditions may be found to exist. Enactment of more stringent laws or regulations or more strict interpretation of existing laws and regulations may require additional expenditure by us, some of which could be material.have a negative impact on our operations and financial condition. Additionally, the failure by any one or more of our suppliers to comply with applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, or allegations of non-compliance, may disrupt their operations and could result in accompanying disruptions to our operations.

Risks Resulting from Customer Concentration

We have several large customers that account for a significant portion of our sales. Our top ten customers accounted for 43%, 43% and 43% of our sales during fiscal years 2023, 2022 2021 and 2020,2021, respectively, with our largest customer accounting for 9% of our sales in 2023, 8% of our sales in 2022 and 11% of our sales in 2021 and 13% of our sales in 2020.2021.

SixFive of the ten customers are food distributors who sell our product to many end users. The loss of one or more of our large customers could adversely affect our results of operations. These customers typically do not enter into long-term contracts and make purchase decisions based on a combination of price, product quality, consumer demand and customer service performance. If our sales to one or more of these customers are reduced, this reduction may adversely affect our business. If receivables from one or more of these customers become uncollectible, our operating income would be adversely impacted.

Risks Relating to Competition

Our businesses operate in highly competitive markets. We compete against national and regional manufacturers and distributors on the basis of price, quality, product variety, brand recognition and loyalty, and effective distribution. Many of our major competitors in the market are larger and have greater financial and marketing resources than we do. Increased competition and anticipated actions byfrom our competitors could lead to downward pressure on prices and/or a decline in our market share, either of which could adversely affect our results. See “Competition” in Item 1 for more information about our competitors.

Risks Relating to Manufacturing and Distribution

Our ability to purchase, manufacture and distribute products is critical to our success. Because we source certain products from single manufacturing sites, it is possible that we could experience a production disruption that results in a reduction or elimination of the availability of some of our products. If we are not able to obtain alternate production capability in a timely manner, or on favorable terms, it could have a negative impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, including the potential for long-term loss of product placement with various customers. We are also subject to risks of other business disruptions associated with our dependence on production facilities and distribution systems. Natural disasters, terrorist activity, cyberattacks or other unforeseen events could interrupt production or distribution and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, including the potential for long-term loss of product placement with our customers.

Risks Relating to the Availability and Costs of Transportation

Our ability to obtain adequate and reasonably priced methods of transportation to distribute our products, including refrigerated trailers for many of our products, is a key factor to our success. Delays in transportation, including weather-related delays, and carrier capacity limitations, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Further, higher fuel costs and increased line haul costs due to industry capacity constraints, customer delivery requirements and a more restrictive regulatory environment could also negatively impact our financial results. We pay fuel surcharges that fluctuate with the price of diesel fuel to third-party transporters of our products, and such surcharges can be substantial. Any sudden or dramatic increases in the price of diesel fuel would serve to increase our fuel surcharges and our cost of goods sold. These higher costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Risks Relating to Manufacturing Capacity Constraints

Our current manufacturing resources may be inadequate to meet significantly increased demand for some of our products. Our ability to increase our manufacturing capacity depends on many factors, including the costs and availability of equipment, the equipment delivery and construction lead-times, installation, qualification, regulatory permitting and regulatory requirements. A lack of sufficient manufacturing capacity to meet demand could cause our customer service levels to decrease, which may negatively affect customer demand for our products and customer relations generally, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In addition, operating facilities at or near capacity may also increase production and distribution costs and negatively affect relations with our employees or contractors, which could result in disruptions in our operations.

Risks Relating to Acquisition Integration

From time to time, the Company undertakes acquisitions or divestitures. The success of any acquisition or divestiture depends on the Company’s ability to identify opportunities that help the Company meet its strategic objectives, consummate a transaction on favorable contractual terms, and achieve expected returns and other financial benefits.

Acquisitions, including future acquisitions, require us to efficiently integrate the acquired business or businesses, which involves a significant degree of difficulty, including the following:

Divestitures have operational risks that may include impairment charges. Divestitures also present unique financial and operational risks, including diverting management attention from the existing core business, separating personnel and financial data and other systems, and adversely affecting existing business relationships with suppliers and customers.

In situations where acquisitions and divestitures are not successfully implemented or completed, or the expected benefits of such acquisitions or divestitures are not otherwise realized, the Company’s business or financial results could be negatively impacted.

New Jersey Law and Provisions of Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws May Inhibit a Change In Control

The New Jersey Shareholders' Protection Act, N.J.S.A. 14A:10A-1, et seq., may delay, deter or prevent a change in control by prohibiting the Company from engaging in a business combination transaction with an interested shareholder for a period of five years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, even if a majority of our shareholders believe a change in control would be in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. In addition, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws contain provisions that may delay, deter or prevent a future acquisition of J & J Snack Foods Corp. not approved by our Board of Directors. This could occur even if our shareholders are offered an attractive value for their shares or if a substantial number or even a majority of our shareholders believe the takeover is in their best interest. These provisions are intended to encourage any person interested in acquiring us to negotiate with and obtain the approval of our Board of Directors in connection with the transaction. Provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws that could delay, deter or prevent a future acquisition include the following:

Risks Relating to Gerald B. Shreiber

Gerald B. Shreiber is the founder and Chairman of the Board of Directorsa Director of the Company. He is currently beneficial owner of 18%approximately 20% of its outstanding common stock, held in a trust for his benefit. Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides Mr. Shreiber with certain special voting rights with respect to any matters to be voted on by the Board of Directors. As a result, as of the date of this Report, Mr. Shreiber is entitled to cast six (6) votes on all matters upon which the Board of Directors is entitled to vote.

Risk Related to Increases in our Health Insurance Costs

The costs of employee health care insurance have been increasing in recent years due to rising health care costs, legislative changes, and general economic conditions.  Because of the breadth and complexity of health care regulations as well as other health care reform legislation considered by Congress and state legislatures, we cannot predict with certainty the future effect of these laws on us.  A continued increase in health care costs or additional costs incurred as a result of new or existing health care reform laws or changes in enforcement policies could have a negative impact on our financial position and results of operations.

Risk Related to Product Changes

There are risks in the marketplace related to trade and consumer acceptance of product improvements, packing initiatives and new product introductions. We cannot be sure if our new products, product improvements, or packaging initiatives will be accepted by customers.

Risks Associated with Foreign Operations

Foreign operations generally involve greater risk than doing business in the United States. Foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States’ economy in such respects as the level of inflation and debt, which may result in fluctuations in the value of the country’s currency and real property.currency. Further, there may be less government regulation in various countries, and we may face difficulty in enforcing our legal rights outside the United States. Additionally, in some foreign countries, there is the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation limitations on the removal of property or other assets, political or social instability or diplomatic developments which could affect the operations and assets of U.S. companies doing business in that country. Any such difficulties noted above could affect our business. Sales of our foreign operations were $70.2 million, $45.2 million $20.8 million and $15.4$20.8 million in fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, and 2020, respectively. At September 30, 2023, the total assets of our foreign operations were approximately $61.5 million or 4.8% of total assets. At September 24, 2022, the total assets of our foreign operations were approximately $42.7 million or 3.5% of total assets. At September 25, 2021, the total assets of our foreign operations were $25.0 million or 2.2% of total assets.

Risks Associated with our Information Technology Systems

The efficient operation of our business depends on our information technology systems. We rely on our information technology systems to effectively manage our business data, communications, supply chain, manufacturing, order entry and fulfillment, and other business processes. The failure of our information technology systems (including those provided to us by third parties) to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in production, billing, collecting, and ordering errors, processing inefficiencies, and the loss of sales and customers, causing our business and results of operations to suffer.

Our information technology systems may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from circumstances beyond our control, including fire, natural disasters, systems failures, security breaches or intrusions (including those against our third-party providers and theft of customer, consumer or other confidential data), and viruses. Although we continue to monitor our information technology networks, if we are unable to prevent physical and electronic break-ins, cyber-attacks and other information security breaches, we may suffer material financial and reputational damage, be subject to litigation or incur significant remediation costs or penalties because of the unauthorized disclosure of confidential information belonging to us or to our partners, customers, suppliers or employees.penalties.

Risks Associated with Real or Perceived Safety Issues Regarding our Food Products

We sell food products for human consumption, which involves risks such as product contamination or spoilage, product tampering, other adulteration of food products, mislabeling, and misbranding. We can be impacted by both real and unfounded claims regarding the safety of our operations, or concerns regarding mislabeled, adulterated, contaminated or spoiled food products. Any of these circumstances could necessitate a voluntary or mandatory recall due to a substantial product hazard, a need to change a product’s labeling or other consumer safety concerns. A pervasive product recall may result in significant loss due to the costs of a recall, related legal claims, including claims arising from bodily injury or illness caused by our products, the destruction of product inventory, or lost sales due to product unavailability or negative publicity. A highly publicized product recall, whether involving us or any related products made by third parties, also could result in a loss of customers or an unfavorable change in consumer sentiment regarding our products or any category in which we operate. In addition, an allegation of noncompliance with federal or state food laws and regulations could force us to cease production, stop selling our products or create significant adverse publicity that could harm our credibility and decrease market acceptance of our products. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Risks Associated with our Intellectual Property Rights

We consider our intellectual property rights, particularly our trademarks, to be a significant and valuable aspect of our business. We protect our intellectual property rights through a combination of trademark, patent, copyright and trade secret protection, contractual agreements and policing of third-party misuses of our intellectual property in traditional retail and digital environments. Our failure to obtain or adequately protect our intellectual property or any change in law that lessens or removes the current legal protections of our intellectual property may diminish our competitiveness and adversely affect our business and financial results.

Competing intellectual property claims that impact our brands or products may arise unexpectedly. Any litigation or disputes regarding intellectual property may be costly and time consuming and may divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations. We may also be subject to significant damages or injunctions against development, launch and sale of certain products. Any of these occurrences may harm our business and financial results.

Risks Associated with the Favorable Perception of our Brands

We have a number of iconic brands with significant value. Maintaining and continually enhancing the value of these brands is critical to the success of our business. Brand value is primarily based on consumer perceptions. Success in promoting and enhancing brand value depends in large part on our ability to provide high-quality products. Brand value could diminish significantly due to a number of factors, including consumer perception that we have acted in an irresponsible manner, adverse publicity about our products, packaging, ingredients, our environmental, social, human capital or governance practices, our failure to maintain the quality of our products, the failure of our products to deliver consistently positive consumer experiences, or the products becoming unavailable to consumers. The growing use of social and digital media by consumers increases the speed and extent that information and opinions can be shared. Negative posts or comments about us, our brands, products or packaging on social or digital media could seriously damage our brands and reputation. In addition, we might fail to appropriately target our marketing efforts, anticipate consumer preferences, or invest sufficiently in maintaining our brand image. If we do not maintain the favorable perception of our brands, our results could be adversely impacted.

Risk Associated with Generating Anticipated Cost Savings and/or Operating Efficiencies Associated with our Strategic Initiatives

Our future success and earnings growth depend in part on our ability to achieve the appropriate cost structure and operate efficiently in the highly competitive food industry, particularly in an environment of volatile cost inputs. We continuously pursue initiatives to reduce costs and increase effectiveness. We also regularly pursue cost productivity initiatives in procurement, manufacturing and logistics. Any failure or delay in implementing our initiatives in accordance with our plans could adversely affect our ability to meet our long-term growth and profitability expectations and could adversely affect our business. If we do not continue to effectively manage costs and achieve additional efficiencies, our competitiveness and profitability could decrease.

Seasonality and Quarterly Fluctuations

Our sales are affected by the seasonal demand for our products. Demand is greater during the summer months primarily as a result of the warm weather demand for our ICEE and frozen novelties products. Because of seasonal fluctuations, there can be no assurance that the results of any particular quarter will be indicative of results for the full year or for future years.

We have no unresolved SEC staff comments to report.

The Company’s primary east coast manufacturing facility is located in Pennsauken, New Jersey in a 70,000 square foot building on a two-acre lot. Soft pretzels, churros, and funnel cake are manufactured at this Company-owned facility which also serves as the Company’s corporate headquarters.facility. The Company owns a 128,000 square foot building adjacent to this manufacturing facility which contains a large freezer for warehousing and distribution purposes. The Company also owns a 43,000 square foot office and warehouse building in the same complex. Additionally, the Company leases, through July 2025, 30,000 square feet of office space in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey.Jersey which serves as the Company’s headquarters.

The Company owns a 150,000 square foot building on eight acres in Bellmawr, New Jersey. The facility is used by the Company to manufacture soft pretzels and various lines of baked goods.

The Company’s primary west coast manufacturing facility is located in Vernon (Los Angeles), California. It consists of a 137,000 square foot facility in which soft pretzels, churros and various lines of baked goods are produced and warehoused. Included in the 137,000 square foot facility is a 30,000 square foot freezer used for warehousing and distribution purposes. The facility is leased through November 2030. The Company leases an additional 80,000 square feet of office and warehouse space, adjacent to its manufacturing facility, through November 2030.

The Company leases a 22,000 square foot soft pretzel manufacturing facility located in Brooklyn, New York. The lease runs through August 2023.September 2027.

The Company leases through June 2030 a 45,000 square foot churros and funnel cake manufacturing facility located in Colton, California.

The Company leases an 85,000 square foot bakery manufacturing facility located in Atlanta, Georgia. The lease runs through December 2023.          2024 with an option to extend to December 2026.

The Company leases a 129,000 square foot bakery manufacturing facility located in Rock Island, Illinois. The lease runs through December 2034.February 2025.          

The Company owns a 46,000 square foot frozen novelties manufacturing facility and a 42,000 square foot dry storage warehouse located on six acres in Scranton, Pennsylvania.

The Company leases a 29,600 square foot soft pretzel manufacturing facility located in Hatfield, Pennsylvania. The lease runs through June 2032.

The Company leases a 48,000 square foot soft pretzel manufacturing facility located in Carrollton, Texas. The lease runs through April 2026. The Company leases an additional property containing a 6,500 square foot storage freezer across the street from the manufacturing facility, which expires March 2030.

The Company’s fresh bakery products manufacturing facility and offices are located in Bridgeport, New Jersey in three buildings totaling 133,000 square feet. The buildings are leased through December 2025.

The Company owns a 165,000 square foot fig and fruit bar manufacturing facility located on 9-1/2 acres in Moscow Mills (St. Louis), Missouri.

The Company owns an 84,000 square foot handheld products manufacturing facility in Holly Ridge, North Carolina.

The Company leases a 70,000 square foot handheld products manufacturing facility in Weston, Oregon which is leased through June 30, 2031. The Company leases an additional 11,300 square foot freezer storage facility in Weston, Oregon which expires May 2023.2024.

The Company leases 84,000 square feet of office space in LaVergne (Nashville), Tennessee through February 2035 for its ICEE headquarters.

The Company leases a 39,00044,000 square foot frozen novelties manufacturing facility in Tampa, Florida which is leased through September 2023.November 2030.

The Company owns two industrial buildings totaling 107,000 square feet, as well as a 76,000 square foot parcel of land in Paducah, Kentucky. Additionally, the Company leases tenthree buildings totaling 82,00034,000 square feet in Paducah, Kentucky, with lease end dates ranging from December 2022 through February 2027.

The Company leases threetwo frozen novelties warehouse facilities in Lancaster, California, totaling 17,00023,000 square feet. These properties are leased through March 2026.

The Company also leases approximately 181170 smaller warehouse and distribution facilities in 44 states, Mexico, Canada, Australia and China.

The Company leases a 117,000 square foot cold storage facility in Terrell, Texas which is leased through November 2043.

The Company has no material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business, to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or of which any of their property is subject.

Not Applicable

PART II

The Company’s common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “JJSF.”

As of September 24, 2022,30, 2023, we had approximately 7975 stockholders of record of our common stock.

We did not purchase any shares of our common stock in our fiscal years ended September 25, 2021fourth quarter, and September 24, 2022.no shares were withheld in our fiscal fourth quarter to cover taxes associated with the vesting of certain restricted stock units held by officers and employees.

A plan to purchase 500,000 shares was announced on November 8, 2012. 500,000 shares were purchased under this plan with the last purchase in August 2017. A plan to purchase 500,000 shares was announced on August 4, 2017 with no expiration date. 318,858 shares remain to be purchased under this plan.

For information on the Company’s Equity Compensation Plans, please see Item 12 herein.

The following graph shows a five-year comparison of cumulative total returns for our stock, the Nasdaq Composite Index and our peer group, the Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) Packaged Foods & Meats Index.

Objective

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of our management regarding our financial condition and results of operations, liquidity and certain other factors that may affect our future results. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. Refer to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 25, 202124, 2022 for additional information related to the discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the fiscal year ended September 25, 202124, 2022 compared to the fiscal year ended September 26, 2020.25, 2021.

Business Overview

The Company manufactures snack foods and distributes frozen beverages which it markets nationally to the foodservice and retail supermarket industries. The Company’s principal snack food products are soft pretzels, frozen novelties, churros and bakery products. We believe we are the largest manufacturer of soft pretzels in the United States. Other snack food products include funnel cake and handheld products. The Company’s principal frozen beverage products are the ICEE brand frozen carbonated beverage and the SLUSH PUPPIE brand frozen non-carbonated beverage.

The Company’s Food Service and Frozen Beverages sales are made primarily to foodservice customers including snack bar and food stand locations in leading chain, department, discount, warehouse club and convenience stores; malls and shopping centers; fast food and casual dining restaurants; stadiums and sports arenas; leisure and theme parks; movie theatres; independent retailers; and schools, colleges and other institutions. The Company’s retail supermarket customers are primarily supermarket chains.

Business Trends

COVID-19

Dating back to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in fiscal 2020, the effects of COVID-19 on consumer behavior have impacted the relevant demand for our Food Service, Retail, and Frozen Beverage segments. In fiscal 2020, we saw a shift in demand towards increased at-home food consumption, which benefited our Retail segment, and away from in-restaurant dining, and experience driven activities, which negatively impacted our Food Service and Frozen Beverage segments. This shift in demand proved inconsistent and volatile over the course of the pandemic. In fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2022, as part of the pandemic economy that impactimpacted our operations opened, sales in our Food Service and Frozen Beverages segments improved.

The aforementioned shift, and overall volatility in demand, has had a significant impact on the operating results of each of our three segments over the past three fiscal years. Additional impacts from the pandemic have caused us to experience higher hourly wage rates paid to our front-line employees, increased costs for personal protective equipment, increased complexity and uncertainty around production planning and forecasting, and overall lower levels of efficiency in our production and distribution network, all of which has unfavorably impacted our operating results. In fiscal 2023, our operating environment became more predictable and stable, and the majority of the volatility and shifts in demand that had been more present in fiscal 2021 and 2022, somewhat subsided.

Inflation

We continued to experience cost inflation through fiscal 2023, although the impact was significantly less than it had been in fiscal 2022, primarily tied to a smaller group of raw materials and packaging, and materially offset by the benefit of the pricing actions that had been taken in fiscal 2022. The inflationary cost environment we experienced during fiscal 2022 resulted in significantly higher input costs for our business. During fiscal 2022, we experienced unprecedented inflationary pressures on commodities such as flour, oils, eggs, meats and dairy, in addition to notably higher costs for packaging, freight and warehousing, and labor. To help offset these cost headwinds, we implemented a series of pricing actions throughout fiscal 2022.

Fiscal Period

The Company’s fiscal year is the 52- or 53- week period that ends on the last Saturday of September. An additional week is included in the last fiscal quarter every five or six years to realign the Company’s fiscal quarters with calendar quarters, which occurred in the Company’s fourth quarter of fiscal 2023. The Company’s fiscal year 2023 spanned 53 weeks, whereas fiscal years 2022 and 2021 spanned 52 weeks each.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS:

Fiscal Year 2022 (522023 (53 weeks) Compared to Fiscal Year 20212022 (52 weeks)

Results of Consolidated Operations

The following discussion provides a review of results for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023 as compared with the fiscal year ended September 24, 2022.

NET SALES

Net sales increased $236.1by $178.2 million, or 21%13%, to $1,380.7$1,558.8 million in fiscal 20222023. Fiscal 2023 net sales include $96.0 million of net sales from $1,144.6Dippin’ Dots, an increase of $62.2 million from prior fiscal year with the increase primarily attributable to the timing of the acquisition in fiscal 2021.prior year results. Organic sales growth was driven by growth across all three of the Company’s business segments, led by our core products including soft pretzels, churros, frozen novelties and frozen beverages. The organic sales growth was largely driven by improved marketing, new customers, additional product placement, as well as a positivethe benefit of our pricing environment. Additional benefits were seen from our recent acquisition, and to a lessor extent, from the comparative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fiscal 2022 sales compared with fiscal 2021 sales, with most of the latter comparative benefit reflected in our first quarter ofactions that had been taken throughout fiscal 2022. To a lesser extent, fiscal 2023 net sales were benefited by the extra week in the fiscal year.

GROSS PROFIT

Gross profit increased by $100.2 million, or 27%, to $469.9 million in fiscal 2023. Gross profit as a percentage of sales increased to 30.1% in fiscal 2023 from 26.8% in fiscal 2022 from 26.1% in fiscal 2021. Inflation continued to build over the year which significantly pressured margins.2022. The impact was especially pronounced in key raw material purchases like flour, eggs, dairy, chocolates and meats, as well as packaging and fuel. Pricing actions that were implemented during fiscal 2022 helped to offset some of these significant cost pressures. Comparatively, the increase in gross profit as a percentage of sales was largely attributable todriven by enhanced production efficiencies and the benefit of increased sales, as well as favorableour fiscal 2022 pricing actions and a better product mix.mix, along with the stabilization of inflationary pressures on the back of historic highs in fiscal 2022. The cost of key ingredients including flour, oils, dairy and meats either declined, or remained materially flat, though double-digit increases were seen in sugar/sweeteners and mixes, which continued to negatively impact margins on certain products including frozen novelties and churros.

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total operating expenses increased $80.1by $52.5 million, or 17%, to $307.8$360.3 million in fiscal 20222023 and increased as a percentage of sales to 22.3% of sales from 19.9%23.1% in fiscal 2021.2023 compared with 22.3% in fiscal 2022. The increase reflects the significant impact of inflationary pressures across the majority of our cost line items including industry-wide freight and distribution cost increases and wage increases that more heavily impacted the Company’s comparative results in the first and overall administrativesecond fiscal quarters, offset somewhat by the benefits seen from our strategic initiatives to improve logistics management and increase efficiency across our distribution network and supply chain. The increase also reflects the full year impact of a higher expense increases.Dippin’ Dots business in fiscal 2023 results.

Operating expenses included intangible asset impairment charges of $1.7 million in fiscal 2023 and $1.0 million in fiscal 2022 and $1.3 million in fiscal 2021. Marketing2022. As a percentage of sales, marketing and selling expenses decreased to 6.6% this year from 6.8%as a percentage of sales increased from 6.6% in fiscal 20212022 to 7.1% in fiscal 2023, with the increase driven by effectivethe additional investment in marketing spend associated with new product launches and the promotion of marketing dollars aligned with sales recovery.our core brands. Distribution expenses as a percentpercentage of sales decreased to 11.1% in fiscal 2023 from 11.6% in fiscal 2022, with the decrease driven by the benefits of our strategic initiatives to improve logistics management and increase efficiency across our distribution network and supply chain. Administrative expenses as a percentage of sales increased to 11.6% from 9.5% in fiscal 2021 due to rising freight and fuel costs. Administrative expenses were 4.0% and 3.5% of sales in fiscal 2022 to 4.8% in fiscal 2023, with the increase largely attributable to higher performance-based bonus payments and fiscal 2021, respectively.continued investments in capability.

OperatingOTHER INCOME AND EXPENSE

Investment income decreased $9.4increased by $1.8 million, or 13%180%, to $61.8$2.7 million in fiscal year 2022 as a result of2023 due to the aforementioned items.improving interest rate environment in fiscal 2023.

Our investments generated before tax income of $1.0Interest expense increased by $3.7 million, or 363%, to $4.7 million in fiscal 2022, down from $2.8 million in fiscal 20212023 due to decreases in the amount of investments.Company’s outstanding borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement.

INCOME TAX EXPENSE

Our effective tax rate in fiscal 20222023 was 23.5%26.6%. Our effective tax rate in fiscal 20212022 year was 24.9%23.5%.

NET EARNINGS

Net earnings decreased $8.4increased $31.7 million, or 15%67%, in fiscal 20222023 to $78.9 million, or $4.08 per diluted share, from $47.2 million or $2.46 per diluted share, from $55.6 million or $2.91 per diluted share, in fiscal 20212022 as a result of the aforementioned items.

There are many factors which can impact our net earnings from year to year, and in the long run, among which are the supply and cost of raw materials and labor, insurance costs, factors impacting sales as noted above, the continuing consolidation of our customers, our ability to manage our manufacturing, marketing and distribution activities, our ability to make and integrate acquisitions and changes in tax laws and interest rates.

Results of Operations - Segments

We have three reportable segments, as disclosed in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements: Food Service, Retail Supermarkets and Frozen Beverages.

The Chief Operating Decision Maker for Food Service, Retail Supermarkets and Frozen Beverages reviews monthly detailed operating income statements and sales reports in order to assess performance and allocate resources to each individual segment. Sales and operating income are the key variables monitored by the Chief Operating Decision Maker and management when determining each segment’s and the Company’s financial condition and operating performance. In addition, the Chief Operating Decision Maker reviews and evaluates depreciation, capital spending and assets of each segment on a quarterly basis to monitor cash flow and asset needs of each segment.

The following table is a summary of sales and operating income, which is how we measure segment profit.

FOOD SERVICE SEGMENT RESULTS

Sales to food service customers increased $109.2 million, or 13%, to $981.8 million in fiscal 2023, which included an increase of $62.2 million in sales from Dippin’ Dots. Soft pretzel sales to the food service market increased 14% to $235.6 million for the year, led by the continued increase in sales of our core pretzel products. Frozen novelties sales increased $67.2 million, or 86%, to $145.4 million for the year, with the increase largely driven by incremental Dippin’ Dots sales during fiscal 2023. Churro sales to food service customers were up 23% to $108.9 million for the year led by customer expansion and growing menu penetration. Sales of bakery products decreased $3.4 million, or 1%, to $378.1 million for the year, with the decrease attributable to the rationalization of certain lower margin Stock Keeping Units (“SKU”)’s. Handheld sales to food service customers decreased 11% to $82.3 million in fiscal 2023, with the decrease largely attributable to pricing declines related to the contractual pricing true-up of costing on certain raw material ingredients, as well as some volume declines amongst certain customers in the product category. Sales of funnel cake increased $4.6 million, or 17%, to $31.5 million.

Sales of new products in the first twelve months since their introduction were approximately $0.3 million for the fiscal year. The benefit of the wrap of prior year price increases favorably impacted sales in the fiscal year, and more than offset some volume declines seen in certain product categories.

Operating income in our Food Service segment increased from $18.5 million in fiscal 2022 to $49.8 million in fiscal 2023, largely driven by the benefit seen from the incremental Dippin’ Dots sales, as well as by improved gross margin performance and improving distribution expenses.

RETAIL SUPERMARKETS SEGMENT RESULTS

Sales of products to retail supermarkets increased $17.5 million, or 9%, to $215.4 million in fiscal year 2023. Soft pretzel sales to retail supermarkets were $60.3 million, a decrease of $1.7 million, or 3%, from sales in fiscal 2022. Soft pretzel sales to retail supermarkets were impacted by a softer consumer environment as retailers and grocery chains reported lower traffic in stores and smaller baskets at certain points during fiscal 2023. Sales of frozen novelties increased $6.9 million, or 6%, to $115.8 million in fiscal 2023. Sales of biscuits and dumplings increased 2% to $25.1 million in fiscal 2023. Handheld sales to retail supermarket customers increased 195% to $16.7 million in fiscal 2023, with the increase largely driven by expansion with a major retailer.

Sales of new products in the first twelve months since their introduction in retail supermarkets were approximately $0.6 million in fiscal 2023. Operating income in our Retail Supermarkets segment remained relatively flat in fiscal 2023 as compared with fiscal 2022, with a decrease of $0.1 million, or 1%. The relatively comparative flat operating income was the result of gross margin challenges earlier in fiscal 2023 due to higher promotions and allowances, as well as inflationary pressures on raw material costs, offset by stronger comparative performance in the fiscal third and fourth quarters of 2023, largely driven by improved gross margin and lower distribution expenses.

FROZEN BEVERAGES SEGMENT RESULTS

Total frozen beverage segment sales increased $51.5 million or 17% to $361.6 million in fiscal 2023. Beverage sales increased 22%, or $40.6 million, in fiscal 2023. Gallon sales increased 10% from the prior fiscal year. The increase in gallon sales reflects the strong momentum in theaters, along with continued growth in amusement parks, convenience, restaurants, and retail venues. Service revenue increased 7% to $95.9 million in fiscal 2023 and machines revenue, primarily sales of frozen beverage machines, increased from $33.6 million in fiscal 2022 to $37.9 million in fiscal 2023 due to growing installations with new customers.

The estimated number of Company-owned frozen beverage dispensers was 23,000 and 22,000 at September 30, 2023 and September 24, 2022, respectively. Operating income in our Frozen Beverage segment increased 49%, or $16.6 million, in fiscal 2023, with the increase primarily a result of higher beverage sales volume which drove leverage across the business.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS:

Fiscal Year 2022 (52 weeks) Compared to Fiscal Year 2021 (52 weeks)

Results of Consolidated Operations

The following discussion provides a review of results for the fiscal year ended September 24, 2022 as compared with the fiscal year ended September 25, 2021.

NET SALES

Net sales increased $236.1 million, or 21%, to $1,380.7 million in fiscal 2022 from $1,144.6 million in fiscal 2021. The sales growth was largely driven by improved marketing, new customers, additional product placement, as well as a positive pricing environment. Additional benefits were seen from our recent acquisition, and to a lessor extent, from the comparative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fiscal 2022 sales compared with fiscal 2021 sales, with most of the latter comparative benefit reflected in our first quarter of fiscal 2022.

GROSS PROFIT

Gross profit as a percentage of sales increased to 26.8% in fiscal 2022 from 26.1% in fiscal 2021. Inflation continued to build over the year which significantly pressured margins. The impact was especially pronounced in key raw material purchases like flour, eggs, dairy, chocolates and meats, as well as packaging and fuel. Pricing actions that were implemented during fiscal 2022 helped to offset some of these significant cost pressures. Comparatively, the increase in gross profit percentage was largely attributable to the benefit of increased sales, as well as favorable product mix.

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total operating expenses increased $80.1 million to $307.8 million in fiscal 2022 and increased as a percentage of sales to 22.3% of sales from 19.9% in fiscal 2021. The increase reflects the significant impact of inflationary pressures across the majority of our cost line items including industry-wide freight and distribution cost increases, wage increases, and overall administrative expense increases.

Operating expenses included intangible asset impairment charges of $1.0 million in fiscal 2022 and $1.3 million in fiscal 2021. Marketing and selling expenses decreased to 6.6% this year from 6.8% of sales in fiscal 2021 driven by effective investment of marketing dollars aligned with sales recovery. Distribution expenses as a percentage of sales increased to 11.6% from 9.5% in fiscal 2021 due to rising freight and fuel costs. Administrative expenses were 4.0% and 3.5% of sales in fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively.

OTHER INCOME AND EXPENSE

Our investments generated before tax income of $1.0 million in fiscal 2022, down from $2.8 million in fiscal 2021 due to decreases in the amount of investments.

Interest expense increased by $1.0 million in fiscal 2023 due to the Company’s outstanding borrowings on the Amended Credit Agreement.

INCOME TAX EXPENSE

Our effective tax rate in fiscal 2022 was 23.5%. Our effective tax rate in fiscal 2021 year was 24.9%.

NET EARNINGS

Net earnings decreased $8.4 million, or 15%, in fiscal 2022 to $47.2 million, or $2.46 per diluted share, from $55.6 million or $2.91 per diluted share, in fiscal 2021 as a result of the aforementioned items.

Results of Operations - Segments

The following table is a summary of sales and operating income, which is how we measure segment profit.

FOOD SERVICE SEGMENT RESULTS

Sales to food service customers increased $147.7 million, or 20%, to $872.7 million in fiscal 2022. Soft pretzel sales to the food service market increased 18% to $205.8 million for the year. Frozen novelties sales increased $33.6 million, or 75%, to $78.2 million for the year, which included the benefit of the Company’s recent acquisition. Churro sales to food service customers were up 36% to $88.2 million for the year. Sales of bakery products increased $38.9 million, or 11%, to $381.5 million for the year. Handheld sales to food service customers were up 22% to $92.1 million in fiscal 2022. Sales of funnel cake increased $4.6 million, or 21%, to $26.9 million.

Sales were up across most product lines as many of the venues and locations where our products are sold that were previously shut down or operating at reduced capacity in fiscal 2021 havehad mostly or fully re-opened in fiscal 2022. Theaters and outdoor venues, including stadiums and amusement parks, as well as schools, restaurants and strategic accounts continued to experience an increase in visitation that drove strong sales in our core products. Additionally, sales across all of our product lines were favorably impacted by the positive pricing environment, and frozen novelties sales were also favorably impacted by our recent acquisition.

Sales of new products in the first twelve months since their introduction were approximately $4.6 million for the year. Operating income in our Food Service segment decreased from $39.2 million in fiscal 2021 to $18.5 million in fiscal 2022. The decrease in operating income was primarily due to the significant increase in ingredients, production and distribution costs year over year, as well as our ERP implementation which previously impacted our results in the fiscal second quarter.quarter of 2022.

RETAIL SUPERMARKETS SEGMENT RESULTS

Sales of products to retail supermarkets increased $13.0 million, or 7%, to $197.9 million in fiscal year 2022. Soft pretzel sales to retail supermarkets were $61.9 million, an increase of $6.9 million, or 13%, from sales in fiscal 2021. Sales of frozen novelties increased $8.9 million, or 9%, to $108.9 million. Sales of biscuits and dumplings increased 2% to $24.7 million for the year. Handheld sales to retail supermarket customers decreased 26% to $5.6 million for the year.

Sales of new products in the first twelve months since their introduction were approximately $0.9 million in fiscal year 2022. Operating income in our Retail Supermarkets segment decreased from $25.9 million to $9.5 million for the year. The decreases in operating income were primarily attributable to higher cost of goods sold as well as higher shipping and distribution related costs.

FROZEN BEVERAGES SEGMENT RESULTS

Total frozen beverage segment sales increased 32% to $310.0 million in fiscal 2022 and beverage sales increased 48%, or $59.6 million, for the year. Gallon sales increased 39% from last year. The increase in gallon sales reflects the strong demand across theaters, amusement parks, convenience and restaurants. In the amusement parks channel, we continuecontinued to see strong growth as both domestic and international visitation numbers continuecontinued to recover, and exceed,exceeded, pre-COVID-19 levels. Theater sales continuecontinued on theiran upward trajectory as movie goers indulgeindulged in their favorite snacks and view highly anticipated movie releases. Service revenue increased 10% to $89.8 million for the yearin fiscal 2022 led by an acceleration in maintenance calls and additional growth in one of our larger customers, earlier in the fiscal year.2022. Machines revenue, primarily sales of machines, increased from $27.0 million in fiscal 2021 to $33.6 million in fiscal 2022 driven mainly by growth from large quick service restaurant (QSR) and convenience customers.

The estimated number of Company-owned frozen beverage dispensers was 22,000 and 19,000 at September 24, 2022 and September 25, 2021, respectively. Our Frozen Beverage segment had operating income of $33.8 million in fiscal 2022 compared to $6.1 million in fiscal 2021 primarily a result of higher beverage sales volume which drove leverage across the business.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS:

Fiscal Year 2021 (52 weeks) Compared to Fiscal Year 2020 (52 weeks)

Net sales increased $122.5 million, or 12%, to $1,144.6 million in fiscal 2021 from $1,022.0 million in fiscal 2020. As parts of the economy that impact our operations continued to open, sales for the year improved from a year ago.  Approximately 2/3 of the Company’s sales are to venues and locations that previously shut down or sharply curtailed their foodservice operations as a result of COVID-19.

FOOD SERVICE

Sales to food service customers increased $106.1 million, or 17%, to $725.0 million in fiscal 2021. Soft pretzel sales to the food service market increased 16% to $175.0 million for the year. Frozen novelties sales increased $9.4 million, or 27%, to $44.6 million for the year. Churro sales to food service customers were up 38% to $64.9 million for the year. Sales of bakery products increased $10.1 million, or 3%, to $342.6 million for the year. Handheld sales to food service customers were up 110% to $75.6 million in 2021. Sales of funnel cake increased $4.9 million, or 29% to $21.5 million. Sales were up across all product lines as many of the venues and locations where our products are sold that were previously shut down or operating at reduced capacity in 2020 have partially or fully re-opened in 2021.

Sales of new products in the first twelve months since their introduction were approximately $39 million for the year. Operating income in our Food Service segment increased from $6.5 million in 2020 to $39.2 million in 2021. The increase in operating income was primarily due to the increase in sales which improved margin efficiencies and expense leverage.

RETAIL SUPERMARKETS

Sales of products to retail supermarkets increased $7.7 million or 4% to $184.9 million in fiscal year 2021. Soft pretzel sales to retail supermarkets were $55.0 million, an increase of $5.8 million, or 12%, from sales in 2020. Sales of frozen novelties increased $11.3 million or 13% to $100.1 million. Sales of biscuits and dumplings decreased 15% to $24.2 million for the year. Handheld sales to retail supermarket customers decreased 38% to $7.6 million for the year.

Sales of new products in the first twelve months since their introduction were approximately $1 million in fiscal year 2021. Operating income in our Retail Supermarkets segment increased from $23.2 million to $25.9 million for the year primarily due to higher volume.

FROZEN BEVERAGES

Total frozen beverage segment sales increased 4% to $234.7 million in fiscal 2021 and beverage sales increased 16% or $17.5 million for the year. Gallon sales increased 16% from last year. Service revenue decreased 3% to $81.3 million for the year primarily due to the loss of a major customer in October 2020. Machines revenue, primarily sales of machines, decreased from $34.0 million in 2020 to $27.0 million in 2021 due to lower sales volumes with a major customer. Overall, sales in the frozen beverage segment grew as key amusement, convenience, restaurants, and retail venues returned to pre-COVID capacity in the second half of the year, which offset a slower recovery in the theater channel.

The estimated number of Company-owned frozen beverage dispensers was 19,000 and 27,000 at September 25, 2021 and September 26, 2020, respectively. Our Frozen Beverage segment had operating income of $6.1 million in 2021 compared to an operating loss of $12.5 million in 2020 primarily as a result of higher beverage sales volume due to COVID-19 recovery during 2021.

CONSOLIDATED

Other than as commented upon above by segment, there are no material specific reasons for the reported sales increases or decreases. Sales levels can be impacted by the appeal of our products to our customers and consumers and their changing tastes, competitive and pricing pressures, sales execution, marketing programs, seasonal weather, customer stability and general economic conditions.

Gross profit as a percentage of sales increased to 26.1% in 2021 from 23.3% in 2020. The increase is largely attributable to the benefit of increased sales, favorable product mix and corresponding margin efficiencies.

Total operating expenses increased $6.5 million to $227.7 million in fiscal 2021 but as a percentage of sales decreased to 19.9% of sales from 21.6% in 2020. Operating expenses this year included $1.3 million of intangible asset impairment charges and operating expenses in 2020 included $6.4 million of plant shutdown impairment costs for the shutdown of one of our manufacturing plants. Marketing and selling expenses decreased to 6.8% this year from 8.3% of sales in 2020 driven by effective investment of marketing dollars aligned with sales recovery. Distribution expenses as a percent of sales increased to 9.5% from 9.1% in 2020 due to rising freight and fuel costs. Administrative expenses were 3.5% and 3.6% of sales in 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Operating income increased $54.0 million or 314% to $71.2 million in fiscal year 2021 as a result of the aforementioned items.

Our investments generated before tax income of $2.8 million this year, down from $4.4 million last year due to decreases in the amount of investments and lower interest rates.

Our effective tax rate in our fiscal 2021 year was 24.9%. Net earnings for the 2020 year benefited from a reduction in income tax expense related to state deferred taxes of approximately $2.2 million. Excluding this adjustment, our effective tax rate in our fiscal 2020 year was 25.0%.

Net earnings increased $37.3 million or 204%, in fiscal 2021 to $55.6 million, or $2.91 per diluted share, from $18.3 million or $0.96 per diluted share, in fiscal 2020 as a result of the aforementioned items.

There are many factors which can impact our net earnings from year to year and in the long run, among which are the supply and cost of raw materials and labor, insurance costs, factors impacting sales as noted above, the continuing consolidation of our customers, our ability to manage our manufacturing, marketing and distribution activities, our ability to make and integrate acquisitions and changes in tax laws and interest rates.

ACQUISITIONS

On October 1, 2019, we acquired the assets of ICEE Distributors LLC, based in Bossier City, Louisiana for approximately $45 million. ICEE Distributors does business in Arkansas, Louisiana and Texas. Sales and operating income of ICEE Distributors were $9.7 million and $2.4 million for the year ended September 25, 2021. Sales and operating income of ICEE Distributors were $11.4 million and $3.6 million for the year ended September 26, 2020.

On February 4, 2020, we acquired the assets of BAMA ICEE, based in Birmingham, Alabama for approximately $12 million. BAMA ICEE does business in Alabama and Georgia. Sales and operating income of BAMA ICEE were $1.8 million and $0.5 million for the year ended September 25, 2021. Sales and operating income of BAMA ICEE were $1.7 million and $0.6 million for the year ended September 26, 2020.

On June 21, 2022, J & J Snack Foods Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, DD Acquisition Holdings, LLC, completed the acquisition of one hundred percent (100%) of the equity interests of Dippin’ Dots Holding, L.L.C. (“Dippin’ Dots”) which, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, owns and operates the Dippin’ Dots and Doc Popcorn businesses. The purchase price was approximately $223.6 million, consisting entirely of cash, and may be modified for certain customary post-closing purchase price adjustments.cash.

Dippin’ Dots is a leading producer of flash-frozen beaded ice cream treats, and the acquisition will leverage synergies in entertainment and amusement locations, theaters, and convenience to continue to expand our business. The acquisition also includes the Doc Popcorn business operated by Dippin’ Dots.

These acquisitions wereThe acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting, and theirits operations are included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements from their respective acquisition dates.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Although there are many factors that could impact our operating cash flow, most notably net earnings, we believe that our future operating cash flow, along with our borrowing capacity, our current cash and cash equivalent balances and our investment securities is sufficient to satisfy our cash requirements over the next twelve months and beyond, as well as fund future growth and expansion.

Fiscal 20222023 Compared to Fiscal 20212022

Liquidity

As of September 24, 2022,30, 2023, we had $35.2$49.6 million of cash and cash equivalents, and $9.7 million of marketable securities.equivalents.

In December 2021, the Company entered into an amended and restated loan agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with our existing banks which provided for up to a $50 million revolving credit facility repayable in December 2026.

On June 21, 2022, the Company entered into an amendment to the Credit Agreement, the “Amended Credit Agreement” which provided for an incremental increase of $175 million in available borrowings. The Amended Credit Agreement also includes an option to increase the size of the revolving credit facility by up to an amount not to exceed in the aggregate the greater of $225 million or, $50 million plus the Consolidated EBITDA of the Borrowers, subject to the satisfaction of certain terms and conditions.

Interest accrues, at the Company’s election at (i) the BSBY Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement), plus an applicable margin, based upon the Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, or (ii) the Alternate Base Rate (a rate based on the higher of (a) the prime rate announced from time-to-time by the Administrative Agent, (b) the Federal Reserve System’s federal funds rate, plus 0.50% or (c) the Daily BSBY Rate, plus an applicable margin.margin). The Alternate Base Rate is defined in the Credit Agreement.

The Credit Agreement requires the Company to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants, including without limitation (i) covenants to maintain a minimum specified interest coverage ratio and maximum specified net leverage ratio, and (ii) subject to certain exceptions, covenants that prevent or restrict the Company’s ability to pay dividends, engage in certain mergers or acquisitions, make certain investments or loans, incur future indebtedness, alter its capital structure or line of business, prepay subordinated indebtedness, engage in certain transactions with affiliates, or amend its organizational documents. As of September 24, 2022,30, 2023, the Company is in compliance with all financial covenants of the Credit Agreement.

As of September 24, 2022,30, 2023, we had $55.0$27.0 million of outstanding borrowings drawn on the Amended Credit Agreement. As of September 24, 2022, we had $160.2$188.2 million of additional borrowing capacity, after giving effect to the $9.8 million of letters of credit outstanding.

The Company’s material cash requirements include the following contractual and other obligations:

Purchase Commitments

Our most significant raw material requirements include flour, packaging, shortening, corn syrup, sugar, juice, cheese, chocolate, and a variety of nuts. We attempt to minimize the effect of future price fluctuations related to the purchase of raw materials primarily through forward purchasing to cover future manufacturing requirements, generally for periods from 1 to 12 months. As of September 24, 2022,30, 2023, we have approximately $130$125 million of such commitments. The purchase commitments do not exceed our projected requirements over the related terms and are in the normal course of business.

Leases

We have operating leases with initial noncancelable lease terms in excess of one year covering the rental of various facilities and equipment. Our operating leases include leases for real estate from some of our office, distribution and manufacturing facilities as well as manufacturing and non-manufacturing equipment used in our business. As of September 24, 2022,30, 2023, we have operating lease payment obligations of $56.2$94.1 million, with $13.5$16.5 million payable within 12 months.

Off –Balance–Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has off-balance sheet arrangements for purchase commitments as of September 24, 2022.30, 2023.

Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimates

We prepare our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of such financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of those financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The Company discloses its significant accounting policies in the accompanying notes to its audited consolidated financial statements.

Judgments and estimates of uncertainties are required in applying the Company’s accounting policies in certain areas. Following are some of the areas requiring significant judgments and estimates: revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful receivables,estimated credit losses, valuation of goodwill and long-lived and intangible assets, insurance reserves, and income taxes and business combinations.

Revenue Recognition

The singular performance obligation of our customer contracts for product and machine sales is determined by each individual purchase order and the respective products ordered, with revenue being recognized at a point-in-time when the obligation under the terms of the agreement is satisfied and product control is transferred to our customer. Specifically, control transfers to our customers when the product is delivered to, installed, or picked up by our customers based upon applicable shipping terms, as our customers can direct the use and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from the product at this point in time. The performance obligations in our customer contracts for product are generally satisfied within 30 days.

The singular performance obligation of our customer contracts for time and material repair and maintenance equipment service is the performance of the repair and maintenance with revenue being recognized at a point-in-time when the repair and maintenance is completed.

The singular performance obligation of our customer repair and maintenance equipment service contracts is the performance of the repair and maintenance with revenue being recognized over the time the service is expected to be performed. Our customers are billed for service contracts in advance of performance and therefore we have contract liability on our balance sheet.

Revenue is measured by the transaction price, which is defined as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for satisfying the performance obligations noted above. The transaction price is adjusted for estimates of known or expected variable consideration which includes sales discounts, trade promotions and certain other sales and customer incentives, including rebates and coupon redemptions. Variable consideration related to these programs is recorded as a reduction to revenue when the related revenue is recognized, and is recorded using the most likely amount method, with updates to estimates and related accruals of variable consideration occurring each period based on historical experience, changes in circumstances and other factors, including review of contractual pricing and rebate arrangements with customers.

We do not believe that there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be material change in the estimates or assumptions used to recognize revenue. As noted above, estimates are made based on historical experience and other factors. However, if the level of redemption rates or performance was to vary significantly from estimates, we may be exposed to gains or losses that could be material. We have not made any material changes in the accounting methodology used to recognize revenue during the past three fiscal years.

Allowance for Doubtful ReceivablesEstimated Credit Losses

We provide an allowance for doubtful receivablesestimated credit losses after taking into consideration historical experience and other factors. On September 27, 2020, the Company adopted guidance issued by the FASB in ASU 2016-13 Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires companies to recognize an allowance that reflects a current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the asset. The Company continuously monitors collections and payments from its customers and maintains a provision for estimated credit losses. The allowance for doubtful accountsestimated credit losses considers a number of factors including the age of receivable balances, the history of losses, expectations of future credit losses and the customers’ ability to pay off obligations.

We do not believe that there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the estimates or assumptions used to value our accounts receivable. Since adoption of the new guidance on September 27, 2020, we have not made any material changes in the accounting methodology used to value accounts receivable.

Valuation of Goodwill

We have three reporting units with goodwill. Goodwill is evaluated annually by the Company for impairment. We perform impairment tests at year end for our reporting units, which are also the operating segment levels with recorded goodwill utilizing primarily the discounted cash flow method. This methodology used to estimate the fair value of the total Company and its reporting units requires inputs and assumptions (i.e. revenue growth, operating profit margins, capital spending requirements and discount rates) that reflect current market conditions. The estimated fair value of each reporting unit is compared to the carrying value of the reporting unit. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the goodwill of the reporting unit is potentially impaired, and the Company then determines the implied fair value of goodwill, which is compared to the carrying value of goodwill to determine if impairment exists. Our tests at September 24, 202230, 2023 show that the fair value of each of our reporting units with goodwill exceeded its carrying value by at least 50%. Therefore, no further analysis was required.

The inputs and assumptions used involve considerable management judgment and are based upon assumptions about expected future operating performance. Assumptions used in these forecasts are consistent with internal planning. The actual performance of the reporting units could differ from management’s estimates due to changes in business conditions, operating performance, economic conditions, competition, and consumer preferences. We have not made any material changes in the accounting methodology used to value goodwill during the past three fiscal years.

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets and Other Intangible Assets

We record an impairment charge to property, plant and equipment and amortizing intangible assets in accordance with the applicable accounting standards, when, based on certain indicators of impairment, we believe such assets have experienced a decline in value that is other than temporary. Future adverse changes in market conditions or poor operating results of these underlying assets could result in losses or an inability to recover the carrying value of the asset that may not be reflected in the asset’s current carrying value, thereby possibly requiring impairment charges in the future.

Indefinite lived intangibles are reviewed annually for impairment. The fair value of our indefinite lived intangible assets is calculated principally using either a relief from royalty valuation approach.approach, or the excess earnings method. We are required to make estimates and assumptions about sales growth, royalty rates, and discount rates based on budgets, business plans, economic projections, and marketplace data. Our impairment analysis contains uncertainties due to uncontrollable events that could positively or negatively impact the future economic and operating conditions.

We have not made any material changes in the accounting methodology used to evaluate impairment of long-lived assets and other intangibles during the last three fiscal years. While we believe we have made reasonable estimates and assumptions to calculate fair value of these assets, it is possible a material change could occur. If our actual results are not consistent with our estimates and assumptions used to calculate fair value, it could result in a material impairment of our long-lived assets and other intangibles.

Insurance Reserves

We have a self-insured medical plan which covers approximately 1,7001,800 of our employees. We record a liability for incurred but not yet reported or paid claims based on our historical experience of claims payments and a calculated lag time period. We maintain a spreadsheet that includes claims payments made each month according to the date the claim was incurred. This enables us to have an historical record of claims incurred but not yet paid at any point in the past. We then compare our accrued liability to the more recent claims incurred but not yet paid amounts and adjust our recorded liability up or down accordingly. Considering that we have stop loss coverage of $225,000 for each individual plan subscriber, the general consistency of claims payments and the short time lag, we believe that there is not a material exposure for this liability.

We self-insure, up to loss limits, workers’ compensation, automobile and general liability claims. Accruals for claims under our self-insurance programInsurance reserves are recordedcalculated on a claims-incurred basis. We estimate the liabilitycombination of an undiscounted basis based on totalactual claims data and estimates of incurred but not reported claims developed utilizing historical claims trends. Projected settlements of incurred but not reported claims are estimated based on pending claims, historical trends, industry trends related to expected losses and paid claims adjusting foractual reported losses, and key assumptions, including loss development factors which account for the development of open claims over time. We estimate the amounts we expect to pay for some insurance years by multiplying incurred losses by aand expected loss development factor which is based on insurance industry averages and the age of the incurred claims; our estimated liability is then thedifference between the amounts we expect to pay and the amounts we have already paid for those years. Loss development factors that we use range from 1.0 to 2.0. However, for some years, the estimated liability is the difference between the amounts we have already paid for that year and the maximum we could pay under the program in effect for that particular year because the calculated amount we expect to pay is higher than the maximum. For other years, where there are few claims open, the estimated liability we record is the amount the insurance company has reserved for those claims. We evaluate our estimated liability on a continuing basis and adjust it accordingly. Due to the multi-year length of these insurance programs, there is exposure to claims coming in lower or higher than anticipated; however, due to constant monitoring and stop loss coverage of $350,000 on individual claims, we believe our exposure is not material. Because of the foregoing, we do not engage a third-party actuary to assist in this analysis.rates.

We have not made any material changes in the accounting methodology used to establish our self-insurance liability during the past three fiscal years. We do not believe that there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the estimate or assumptions used to calculate our self-insurance liability. However, if actual results are not consistent with our estimates or assumptions, we may be exposed to gains or losses that could be material.

Income Taxes

The annual tax rate is based on our income and statutory tax rates. Changes in statutory rates and tax laws in jurisdictions in which we operate may have a material effect on our annual tax rate. The effect of these changes, if any, would be recognized as a discrete item upon enactment.

Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax and financial statement recognition of revenues and expenses. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured based on the enacted tax rates that will apply in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or paid.

We have not made any material changes in the accounting methodology used to account for income taxes during the past three fiscal years. Changes in tax laws and rates could affect recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities in the future. Other than those potential impacts, we do not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in tax related balances.

Business Combinations

We use assumptions and estimates in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. We use various models to value assets acquired and liabilities assumed, such as the net realizable value method to value inventory, and the cost method and market approach to value property, plant and equipment. The determination of the fair value of intangible assets, which can represent a significant portion of the purchase price of our acquisitions, requires the use of significant judgement with regard to the fair value, and whether such intangibles are amortizable or non-amortizable and, if the former, the period and method by which the intangible will be amortized. We estimate the fair value of acquisition-related intangibles either through the relief of royalty method or multi-period excess earnings method, or based on projections of cash flows that will arise from identifiable intangible assets of acquired businesses, which includes estimate of customer attrition. The projected cash flows are discounted to determine the present value of the assets at the date of acquisition. For significant acquisitions, we may use independent third-party valuation specialists to assist us in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

We have not made any material changes in the accounting methodology used to account for business combinations during the past three fiscal years. We do not believe that there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the estimate or assumptions used to determine the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed in a business combination. However, if actual results are not consistent with our estimates or assumptions, we may be exposed to impairment charges that could be material.

The following is the Company’s quantitative and qualitative analysis of its financial market risk:

Interest Rate Sensitivity

The Company has in the past entered into interest rate swaps to limit its exposure to interest rate risk and may do so in the future if the Board of Directors feels that such non-trading purposehedging is in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders. As of September 24, 2022,30, 2023, the Company had no interest rate swap contracts.

Interest Rate Risk

At September 24, 2022,30, 2023, the Company had variable rate debt of $55.0$27.0 million with a weighted average interest rate of 3.87%6.48%. If borrowing rates were to increase 1% above the current rates, it would increase interest expense by $0.6$0.3 million on an annual basis.

Purchasing Risk

The Company’s most significant raw material requirements include flour, shortening, corn syrup, sugar, juice, cheese, chocolate, and a variety of nuts. The Company attempts to minimize the effect of future price fluctuations related to the purchase of raw materials primarily through forward purchasing to cover future manufacturing requirements, generally for periods from 1 to 12 months. Future contracts are not used in combination with forward purchasing of these raw materials. The Company’s procurement practices are intended to reduce the risk of future price increases, but also may potentially limit the ability to benefit from possible price decreases.

Foreign Exchange Rate Risk

The Company has not entered into any forward exchange contracts to hedge its foreign currency rate risk as of September 24, 2022,30, 2023, because it does not believe its foreign exchange exposure is significant.

The financial statements of the Company are filed under this Item 8, beginning on page F-1 of this report.         

None.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"), as amended for financial reporting, as of September 24, 2022.30, 2023. Based on that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that these controls and procedures are effective at a reasonable assurance level.

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. These disclosure controls and procedures include, among other things, controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’sManagement’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the chief executive officer and chief financial officer and effected by the board of directors and management to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 24, 2022.30, 2023. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework.         

Based on our assessment, our management believes that, as of September 24, 2022,30, 2023, our internal control over financial reporting is effective. There have been no changes that occurred during our fourth quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. During the third quarter of 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Dippin’ Dots. In accordance with guidance issued by the SEC, recently acquired businesses may be excluded from management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting in the year of acquisition. Accordingly, management excluded the Dippin’ Dots acquisition from management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting from the June 21, 2022 acquisition date, which excluded total assets and total net revenues representing approximately 5% and 3%, respectively, of the Company’s related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended September 24, 2022.

Our independent registered public accounting firm, Grant Thornton LLP, audited our internal control over financial reporting as of September 24, 2022.30, 2023. Their report, dated November 22, 2022,28, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on our internal control over financial reporting. That report appears in Item 15 of Part IV of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated by reference to this Item 9A.

None of our directors or executive officers adopted, modified or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K

There was no information required on Form 8-K during the quarter that was not reported.

Not applicable.

PART III

The information required relating to directors, director nominees and executive officers of the registrant is incorporated by reference from the information under the captions “Election of Directors,” “Biographical Information about the Nominees and Directors,” “Board Committees” and “Executive Officers” contained in our Proxy Statement for our Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on February 14, 202313, 2024 (the “Proxy Statement”).

The information relating to the identification of the audit committee, audit committee financial expert and director nomination procedures of the registrant is incorporated by reference from the information under the captions “The Audit Committee” and “The Nominating Committee” contained in the Proxy Statement.

The information concerning Section 16(a) Compliance appearing under the caption “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which applies to the Company’s principal executive officer and senior financial officers. The Company has also adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics which applies to all employees. The Company will furnish any person, without charge, a copy of the Code of Ethics upon written request to J & J Snack Foods Corp., 6000 Central Highway, Pennsauken,350 Fellowship Rd., Mt. Laurel, New Jersey 08109,08054, Attn: Michael A. Pollner, Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary. A copy of the Code of Ethics can also be found on our website at www.jjsnack.com.www.jjsnack.com. Any waiver of any provision of the Code of Ethics granted to the principal executive officer or senior financial officer may only be granted by a majority of the Company’s disinterested directors. If a waiver is granted, information concerning the waiver will be posted on our website www.jjsnack.com for a period of 12 months.

Information concerning executive compensation appearing in the Company’s 2022 Proxy Statement under the caption “Executive Compensation” is incorporated herein by reference.

Information concerning the security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management and the information concerning equity compensation plans appearing in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” is incorporated herein by reference.

The information set forth in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Certain Relationships” and “Director Independence” is incorporated herein by reference.

The information set forth in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Ratification of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” and “Fees of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” is incorporated herein by reference.

PART IV

All other schedules are omitted either because they are not applicable or because the information required is contained in the financial statements or notes thereto.

2.1

Securities Purchase Agreement, by and among the Company, DD Acquisition Holdings, LLC, Dippin’ Dots Holding, L.L.C., Fischer Industries, L.L.C, Stephen Scott Fischer Revocable Trust, Stephen Scott Fischer Exempt Trust, Mark A. Fischer 1994 Trust, Susan L. Fischer 1994 Trust, Christy Fischer Speakes Exempt Trust, Mark A. Fischer, as the Seller Representative, and Cryogenics Processors, LLC (Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed May 20, 2022).

3.1**3.1

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of J & J Snack Foods Corp.Corp (Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 10-K filed November 22, 2022).

3.2

Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed June 24, 2022).

3.3

Revised Bylaws adopted November 19, 201315, 2023 (Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 10-K dated8-K filed November 26, 2013)21, 2023).

4.34.6

Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated December 1, 2006 by and among J & J Snack Foods Corp. and Certain of its Subsidiaries and Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, as Agent (Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 10-K dated December 6, 2006).

4.4
First Amendment and Modification to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement (Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 10-K dated December 7, 2011).

4.5
Fourth Amendment and Modification to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement (Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 10-K dated November 21, 2016).

4.6

Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 10-Q dated February 2, 2022).

4.7

Amendment No. 1 to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on June 24, 2022).

4.8**4.8

Description of Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 10-K filed November 22, 2022).

10.1*
J & J Snack Foods Corp. Amended and Restated Long-Term Incentive Plan (Incorporated by referenced from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 12, 2021).

10.2*
J & J Snack Foods Corp. Stock Option Plan (Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement dated December 22, 2017).

10.3*
Inducement Restricted Stock Award Agreement (Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on October 26, 2020).

10.4*

Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement (Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2022).

10.5*

Form of Service Share Unit Agreement (Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2022).

21.110.6*

J & J Snack Foods Corp. 2022 Long-Term Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 14, 2023).

^10.7*

Executive Employment Agreement dated February 14, 2023 between J & J Snack Foods Corp. and Daniel Fachner (Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 17, 2023).

10.8***

Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement

10.9***

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement

21.1**

Subsidiaries of J & J Snack Foods Corp.

23.1^23.1***

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

31.1^31.1***

Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2^31.2***

Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1^32.1***

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant To Section 906 Of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2^32.2***

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant To Section 906 Of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101**

The following financial information from J&J Snack Foods Corp.'s Form 10-K for the year ended September 24, 2022,30, 2023, formatted in iXBRL (Inline extensible Business Reporting Language):

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

_____________

*Compensatory Plan

**Filed Herewith

Not applicable.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.