UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☑ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended April 30, 20222023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT

For the transition period from ________ to _________

Commission File Number:  000-55585

Red Cat Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (833) 373-3228

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was $104,346,52744,888,395.

As of July 26, 2022,24, 2023, there were 53,807,97355,541,173 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Except for historical information, this Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Such forward-looking statements include, among others, those statements including the words "believes", "anticipates", "expects", "intends", "estimates", "plans" and words of similar import. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results, to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, potential target businesses, the economy, and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, by their nature, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Therefore, we caution you that you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements as statements of historical fact or as guarantees or assurances of future performance. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include (i) the market and sales success of our existing and any new products, (ii) our ability to raise capital when needed and on acceptable terms, (iii) our ability to make acquisitions and integrate acquired businesses into our company, (iv) our ability to attract and retain management, (v) the intensity of competition, (vi) changes in the political and regulatory environment and in business and economic conditions in the United States and globally, (vii) and the continuing effect of the Covid-19 pandemic. These risks and others described under the section "Risk Factors" below are not exhaustive.

Given these uncertainties, readers of this Annual Report are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. We disclaim any obligation to update any such factors or to publicly announce the result of any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect future events or developments.

All references in this Annual Report to the "Company", "we", "us", or "our", are to Red Cat Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation, including its wholly owned consolidated subsidiaries, Rotor Riot LLC (“Rotor Riot”), Fat Shark Holdings, Ltd. (“Fat Shark”), Skypersonic, Inc. (“Skypersonic”), Teal Drones, Inc. (“Teal”), and Red Cat Propware, Inc., (“Propware”).

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

I. Overview

The Company was originally incorporated under the laws of the State of Colorado in 1984 under the name Oravest International, Inc. In November 2016, we changed our name to TimefireVR, Inc. and re-incorporated in Nevada. In May 2019, the Company completed a share exchange agreement with Red Cat Propware (“Propware”) which resulted in the Propware shareholders acquiring an 83% ownership interest, and management control, of the Company. In connection with the share exchange agreement, we changed our name to Red Cat Holdings, Inc. (“Red Cat” or the “Company” or “we”) and changed our operating business from the bitcoin industryfocus to the drone industry.

Recent Developments

Prior to the share exchange agreement, Propware was focused on the research and development of software solutions that could provide secure cloud-based analytics, storage and services for the drone industry. Following the share exchange agreement and its name change, Red Cat Holdings has completed a series of acquisitions and financings which have broadened the scope of its activities in the drone industry. These developments include:acquisitions included:

Business StrategyII. Recent Developments

Red Cat remains focused on building a portfolio of complementary products and services to support the continued growth and maturation of the drone industry in both the enterprise and consumer market segments. Our disciplined acquisition strategy targets companies with advanced product offerings and unique drone platforms and intellectual property. After the integration of Teal Drones, we would expect government customers including defense, public safety, and infrastructure to be our most significant revenue drivers in the fiscal year ending April 30, 2023.

During the second half of the fiscal year ending on April 30, 2022, the Company focused on integrating and organizing its acquired businesses. These efforts including refining the establishment of Enterprise and Consumer segments in order to sharpen the Company's focus on the unique opportunities in each sector of the drone industry. The Enterprise segment, consisting of Teal and Skypersonic, is focused on opportunities in the commercial sector and the military. Enterprise is building the infrastructureEnterprise's initial strategy was to manage drone fleets, flyprovide UAV's, primarily drones, to navigate dangerous military environments and provide services remotely, and navigate confined industrial and commercial interior spaces and dangerous military environments.spaces. The Consumer segment, consisting of Rotor Riot and Fat Shark, is focused on enthusiasts and hobbyists which are expected to increase as drones become more visible and useful in our daily lives. Consumer provides a growing revenue base, strong brand visibility, for the Company, and is an excellent source of professional pilots.

Following the establishment of the Enterprise and Consumer segments in the first quarter of fiscal 2023, management spent much of fiscal 2023 evaluating and establishing the long term business strategy of each segment. This resulted in the Enterprise segment narrowing its near term focus on the military and other government agencies. It was determined that Skypersonic's technology would be re-focused, for the next few years, on government applications and that its technology would be consolidated into the operations of Teal Drones.

In the fall of calendar 2022, the Company received inquiries and held discussions regarding the potential acquisition of the Consumer segment, specifically Rotor Riot and Fat Shark. These discussions culminated in the execution of a Stock Purchase Agreement ("SPA”) with Unusual Machines in November 2022.

Prior to signing the SPA, the Company completed a comprehensive evaluation of its business segments, including (i) the synergies and challenges of operating two diverse business segments, (ii) the future operating prospects for each segment including revenues, expenses, profits, and cash flows, and (iii) the financial impact of a potential sale of the Consumer segment on the Company. The results of the evaluation indicated a number of significant operating and financial differences between Enterprise and Consumer including (i) Consumer sources a substantial portion of its product from China whereas Enterprise is focused on a "Made in America" policy which is very important to the U.S. government, its primary target customer, (ii) Enterprise is required to meet ITAR export requirements which necessitates that all employees be U.S. persons and undergo a background check whereas Consumer does not have such requirements, (iii) Consumer primarily markets through a social media platform and strategy that focuses on maximizing its public presence whereas Enterprise's marketing efforts in dealing with its government target market are more discrete and (iv) Consumer is focused on reaching profitability whereas Enterprise has been investing in a new manufacturing facility and building strong relationships with government agencies. Collectively, these differences would require the Company to establish separate departments for many common functions including purchasing, human resources, and sales and marketing. Finally, closing of the SPA would strengthen the Company's financial position as it would generate immediate cash and eliminate the funding required to support Consumer until it reached profitability. The Company concluded that the long term business prospects of the Enterprise segment were significantly greater than those of the Consumer segment, and that a sale of Consumer should be completed.

The closing of the transaction is contingent upon Unusual Machines completing (i) an initial public offering that raises sufficient capital to close the transaction, and (ii) listing on a public stock exchange such as the NYSE or Nasdaq.

III. Enterprise Segment

The Enterprise Segment willsegment’s current business strategy is focused on providing integrated robotic hardware and software for use across a variety of applications. Its solutions provide critical situational awareness and actionable intelligence to on-the-ground warfighters and battlefield commanders as well as firefighters and public safety officials. Its mission is to "Dominate the Night" and constantly provide best in class thermal imaging capabilities. Enterprise’s efforts are centered on its Made in America Class 1 drone development program, particularly its Teal 2, and Four Ship products. Enterprise has substantially completed construction of a new manufacturing facility in Salt Lake City and believes that an increased focus on developing a hardware enabled software platform of services and solutions toby the United States government and commercial enterprises andAmerican businesses on purchasing products that are “Made in America” provide Enterprise with a competitive advantage.

Teal Drones

Teal is the military. Drones enable businesses to complete many tasks and solve problems more efficiently, quicker, and at a lower cost and risk than traditional methods. The Company's Teal and Skypersonic subsidiaries will operate in this segment. The core business theme forof the Enterprise segment is "Remotely Flying Drones Anywhere."

We have accumulated an array of software solutions which are enabledand was founded in 2015 by our hardware platform of intelligent drones and digital video link. We believe our ability to remotely fly drones anywhere provides our customers with a significant reduction in labor, travel, and training costs when compared with any other enterprise system on the market.

The Enterprise Segment plans to engage key products and services from the Consumer Segment to fulfill its mission. In addition to the Fat Shark data link, a roster of professional pilots will be sourced through the large social media presence and network of Rotor Riot.

Teal Drones

Teal anchors the Enterprise Segment and is expected to drive the segment’s revenues in fiscal 2023 and beyond. Founded by Thiel Fellow, George Matus, in 2015, the company’sa Thiel fellow. Its first products were its Sportconsumer based and Teal One consumer drones, the first of their kind to be manufactured in the United States. A Utah-based operation,Beginning in October 2018, Teal has since migrated its business strategy to focus on the government, military, and enterprise and government sectors based on its(collectively referred to as “Enterprise”). Its first product offering, the “Golden Eagle”, was launched in June 2020. The Golden Eagle is a U.S. Department of Defense government-approvedapproved drone designed for reconnaissance, public safety, and inspection applications.

A.  Key Business Accomplishments during Fiscal 2023 and to date include:

Following its acquisition by Red Cat in August 2021, Teal accelerated efforts on the development of its next generation Enterprise drone. These efforts culminated in the launch of the Teal 2 in April 2023. The Teal 2 is the first small, unmanned aircraft system (“sUAS”) designed to “Dominate the Night”, when most military operations take place, through its enhanced capabilities. The Teal 2 offers the latest intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (“ISR”) technology and delivers time-critical information that enables the warfighter to make faster and smarter decisions. Some of the unique features and capabilities of the Teal 2, and the partners who developed and helped integrate these technologies into the Teal 2, include:

•Teledyne FLIR whose new Hadron 640R sensor provides the highest resolution thermal imaging in a small (Group 1) form factor which is optimal for nighttime operations.

•Tomahawk Robotics whose common control system enables a single operator to simultaneously control up to four Teal 2’s at the same time.

•Athena AI, an Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) and computer vision architecture firm. Its technology enhances target recognition and battle tracking which enables wartime commanders to make faster battlefield decisions.

•Reveal Technology whose “Farsight” mapping software enables the automatic combining of imagery from multiple drones to produce high fidelity 3D maps.

•Immervision, an optical products manufacturer whose navigation camera module is used for surveillance and unmanned systems. Immervision enhances the navigation skills of the Teal 2 at night and in other difficult flying conditions such as in fog, beneath bridges, and inside buildings.

The Teal 2 is manufactured exclusively at Teal’s new purpose-built factory in Salt Lake City, Utah. Early-adopter customers included the U.S. Customs and Border Protection which ordered 54 units of the Teal 2.

In June 2023, the Teal 2 received clearance from the U.S. Department of Defense ("DoD") to be designated as a Blue UAS. The DoD defines these drones as NDAA (National Defense Authorization Act) compliant, validated as cyber secure, and safe to fly. This designation enables Teal to fill orders from federal, state, and local government agencies subject to oversight by the DoD, including those orders that were contingent upon receiving certification. In addition, many governments of allied nations are more likely to purchase Blue UAS approved drones. Teal's legacy drone, the Golden Eagle, is also on the cleared list which is believed to number less than 20 in total.

After the U.S. Army banned its forces from using Chinese-made quadcopters due to security risks (the drones’ radio controls are unencrypted and the devices could potentially capture and store sensitive information that could be passedprovided to the Chinese government), the U.S. Department of Defense began developing its own alternatives under a defense program known as Blue sUAS. Blue sUAS is an initiative of the Defense Innovation Unit (DIU), the only DoD organization focused on accelerating the adoption of commercial and dual use technology to solve operational challenges at a speed and scale that is faster and higher than normal for government agencies.

Teal is redefining what unmanned systems can achieve, providing superior aerial surveillance and awareness for inspections and short-range reconnaissance. The Golden Eagle resembles a consumer quadcopter but is made to military standards with secure, encrypted communications and advanced computing. The Golden Eagle also carries a high-quality thermal imaging system made by FLIR, a subsidiary of Teledyne Technologies. Teal's open and modular platform allows a critical mass of applications to be developed and integrated for next-generation capabilities. Partners actively integrating technologies with Teal include Autonodyne, Tomahawk Robotics, and DroneLink.

Teal has achieved the following accomplishments since being acquired by Red Cat Holdings in August 2021.

During Fiscal 2023, Teal openssubstantially completed construction of its new manufacturing facility and began to scale production levels. Teal originally moved into the facility, located in Salt Lake City, Utah.

InUtah, in October 2021, Teal moved to a new 13,000+ square foot facility to consolidate its manufacturing and corporate activities.2021. In January 2022, Teal doubled the size of itsthe facility, which now totals approximately 25,000 square feet, in order to fully scale production capacity to meet the forecastedforecast growth in demand and to house its expanding team of software and technology engineers.

Significant Purchase Order Received from Largest U.S. Drone Distributor

In August 2021, Teal received a significant purchase order At the end of fiscal 2023, production capacity was approximately 100 drones per month. The Company believes that maximum production capacity for this facility can reach 1,000 drones per month over the Golden Eagle from Drone Nerds, the largest distributor of dronesnext 2 to 3 years, provided that additional capital investments are made and manufacturing efficiencies realized. Manufacturing in the United States. To date, approximately 50%States, “Made in the USA”, is a critical consideration of the unitsU.S. government and other state and local government agencies.

In June 2023, the Army authorized Teal to complete additional milestones under the terms of a Statement of Work related to its UAS Tranche 2 program. Under the terms of the Statement of Work, the Army has agreed to fund certain engineering and material costs incurred by Teal to build a next generation prototype based on technical requirements and warfighter feedback. As of June 30, 2023, a total of $2.7 million has been authorized under the Statement of Work. Cumulative billings through April 30, 2023 totaled $879,400 and the Company expects to complete and bill the remaining authorized amount of $1,862,701 in fiscal 2024 as milestones are fulfilled. The Statement of Work provides for 15 separate development milestones, of which 9 have been deliveredauthorized to Drone Nerds withdate. The Company expects that the Army will authorize that the remaining 50% expected6 milestones be completed at a future date.

In May 2023, Teal partnered with Doodle Labs on Teal’s small unmanned aerial system (sUAS) prototype. By integrating Doodle Labs’ Helix Mesh Rider Radio, the prototype will be capable of reliably transmitting thermal imagery, encrypted video, and other high-bandwidth data back to be delivereda ground station more than three miles away. Mesh Rider Radio uses certified encryption to protect data and flight control functionality, even in contested environments.

B.   Government Contracts and Orders

Enterprise is focusing on U.S. federal government agencies, particularly the military branches, as its initial target market. Its longer term target customer base includes U.S. state and local government agencies, as well as governments of foreign allies. An overview of existing government contracts and recent developments include:

In March 2022, Teal was selected by the endDepartment of calendar year 2022.Defense's (DoD) Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) and U.S. Army to compete in the Short Range Reconnaissance Tranche 2 (SRR T2) Program of Record. The rigorous technical requirements and program objectives of SRR T2 dramatically narrowed the field from thirty-three drone manufacturers down to three vendors. The Army has indicated that Tranche 2 and 3 have been combined and will represent the final tranche of the SRR program.

Teal was selected to develop a next-generation sUAS designed for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) duties, with a focus on autonomous capability, for the U.S. Army. The ultimate goal of the SRR T2 program is to provide a small, rucksack portable, fully encrypted sUAS that provides all Army infantry platoons (consisting of 20-50 soldiers) with situational awareness beyond the next terrain.

Awarded Following a successful demonstration in September 2021, Teal was notified by the U.S. Army's Short Range Reconnaissance Product Office that it would advance to the prototype phase of the SRR T2 program and was awarded a $1.5M prototype development contract. The value of this contract has since been increased to $2.7 million.

The SRR Tranche 1 program began in 2020, and Teal was similarly selected for that program with a prototype contract award as part of its selection. The five drones developed for SRR Tranche 1 became the five drones named to the Blue sUAS list in August 2020 and were subsequently approved by the Department of Defense (DoD) and other U.S. Federal Departments. The Blue sUAS list was originally developed by the Silicon Valley-based Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) which is focused on identifying, and integrating leading commercial technologies into the Government.

$1 Million Purchase Order from U.S. Border Patrol

In October 2022, Teal was awarded a $1,046,806 contract from U.S. Customs and Border Protection to provide its high-performance Golden Eagle drones to U.S. Border Patrol. The purchase agreement covered the provision of the drone, plus battery packs and chargers, propellers, gimbal-mounted cameras, carrying cases and operator training sessions, including “train-the-trainer” sessions.

Customs and Border Protection Contract Worth up to $90 Million over Five Years

In December 2021, Teal Drones was one of only five contractors awardeddesignated to participate in a firm, fixed price, multiple award blanket purchase agreement (BPA) by the United States Customs and Border Protection. The BPA has an estimated value of $90 million in total over a 5-year ordering period.

The Department of Homeland Security agencies can place orders through the BPA for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). The drones will provide supplemental airborne reconnaissance, surveillance, and tracking capability to enhance situational awareness for field commanders and agents in areas that lack nearby traditional surveillance systems or available manned air support.

Order for 200 Long-Range, High-Speed Drones for Ukrainian Deployment

GivenIn May 2023, Red Cat received a purchase order to provide 200 long-range, high-speed FPV (first-person view) drones to Ukrainian drone pilots engaged in conflict with Russia. 

The FPV drones were delivered to Ukraine in June. These drones have the security mandates within the Department of Defense and Federal Government, as well as the recently passed infrastructure bill that has a 'Build America Buy America' mandate, we are confident in our ability to offer domestically sourced drone solutions and services.

Selected by U.S. Army for Short Range Reconnaissance Tranche 2 Drone Program

In March 2022, Teal was selected by the Department of Defense's (DoD) Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) and U.S. Army to competehighest power-to-weight ratio in the Short Range Reconnaissance Tranche 2 (SRR T2) Program of Record. The rigorous technical requirementsindustry and program objectives of SRR T2 dramatically narrowed the field from over three dozen drone manufacturers to just a handful that were selected by the Army to move forwardprovide increased maneuverability, especially when combined with the program.

Teal was selected to develop a next-generation, small unmanned aerial system (sUAS) designed for surveillance and reconnaissance (S&R) duties, with a focus on autonomous capability, for the U.S. Army. The ultimate goalFPV functionality of the SRR T2 program is to provide a small, rucksack portable sUAS that provides all Army infantry platoons (consisting of 20-50 soldiers) with situational awareness beyond the next terrain.drones. These drones can also fly in GPS-denied and GPS-jammed battlefield conditions.

Following a successful demonstration in September 2021, Teal was notified by the U.S. Army's Short Range Reconnaissance Product Office that it would advance to the prototype phase of the SRR T2 program and was awarded a $1.5M prototype contract. Teal will develop a next-generation drone that meets or exceeds the Army's technical system requirements of SRR T2 and competes for the SRR T2 production contract.

The SRR Tranche 1 program began in 2020, and Teal was similarly selected for that program with a prototype contract award as part of its selection. The five drones (including Teal's Golden Eagle) developed for SRR Tranche 1 became the five drones named to the Blue sUAS list in August 2020 and were subsequently approved by the Department of Defense (DoD) and other U.S. Federal Departments. The Blue sUAS list was originally developed by the Defense Innovation Unit (DIU), an organization within the DoD organization that is focused on integrating leading commercial technologies into the Government.

Purchase Order for Golden Eagle Drone Units from NATO Member Country for Deployment in Ukraine

In April 2022, Teal secured an order for 15 Golden Eagle drone units, plus spares and training, from a NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) member country that has committed to deploy them in the Ukraine. The drones arewere expected to be used for reconnaissanceintelligence, surveillance, and surveillancereconnaissance on the front lines, thereby lessening the need to utilize troops to perform such dangerous activities.

The Company believes that Teal is one of the only drone companies in the world able to provide these types of drones at scale, utilizing its own proprietary technology, manufacturing, and resources, even despite the supply chain issues that have plagued the industry.

The Company has seen strong interest in the Teal drone platform from numerousNumerous European countries which have increased their defense budgets, not only to support the Ukraine invasion but to also prepare themselves for future geopolitical conflicts. Many countries and military units are recognizing the strategic benefit of having an adequate baseline inventory of drone units that can be invaluable in reconnaissance and surveillance on the front lines.

C.   Product Development

Product development efforts in fiscal 2023 were focused on the development of the Teal 2 which was officially launched in April 2023 at the Army Aviation Mission Solutions Summit. Significant resources were also expended developing the prototype under the Army's SRR Tranche 2 program. More details on the partners who helped integrate key features into the Teal 2 include:

In March 2023, the Company partnered with Athena AI which will provide computer vision capabilities for the Teal 2. Athena, an AI-enabled military decision-support company, has licensed its proprietary computer vision architecture which allows high-speed tracking of objects and, at slower speeds, in-depth data exploitation. Athena spent more than three years curating and analyzing military night-fighting footage, including thermal and low light camera systems, to create computer vision architecture for warfighting after dark. Athena’s solution can identify weapons and various other objects at night, as well as Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) markers, such as military grade light sticks and infrared beacons.

First Commercial EnterpriseBy integrating Athena’s technology, the Teal 2 will support dangerous, close fighting, missions at night. The Forward Line of Own Troops (FLOT) can be detected, recognized and geolocated in comparison with the enemy, allowing for precision and safe fires on the target. Athena also supports rapid in-field target-set updates with a turnaround as quickly as 72 hours for new target-detection algorithms. This allows the warfighter to Bring Complete Multi-Dronequickly respond to emerging threats and ensure their drone remains in the fight.

In March 2023, Red Cat invested $250,000 in Firestorm, an American company developing the first completely Modular Unmanned Aerial System (MUAS) that is 3D printed and payload agnostic. Firestorm is building a new category of fixed-wing UAS with 30-day product iterations, a commitment to Marketopen-system architectures, and an additive manufacturing approach that allows them to scale production in an elastic manner. Firestorm’s founding team has deep industry expertise in additive manufacturing, aerospace and defense, and understands how to build and quickly scale dual-use technology companies.

In January 2023, Teal partnered with Immervision, a Canadian optical products manufacturer whose latest navigation camera module is used for surveillance and unmanned systems. Immervision will enable Teal’s drone to operate effectively in low-light flying conditions.

Teal plans to equip the Teal 2 with two Immervision low-light camera modules. In addition to enhancing autonomous navigation at night and in other light-denied situations, such as in fog, beneath bridges and inside buildings, having two cameras provides stereoscopic vision to Teal’s autonomous pilot system. This enables the drone to create a 3D map it can use to navigate and locate itself geographically in low-light situations and in areas where a GPS signal is not available.

The camera lens is designed to maximize the concentration of light per pixel on the image sensor to provide the best image quality in low-light conditions across the complete field of view. Immervision’s camera module has been designed to address the challenging requirements of operating safely in low-light conditions where other sensors are inefficient. It is capable of seeing objects in a dark environment at “1 lux”, which is equivalent to “deep twilight.”

Teal is integrating the new Immervision camera with its software system to enhance the autonomous flying capabilities of its drones. These include avoiding obstacles and taking off and landing without pilot assistance, as well as automatically generating a 3D map and locating itself without the benefit of a GPS signal. Most military operations are conducted at night, and therefore, having a low-light solution is a key capability.

In October 2022, Teal enhanced the capabilities of its 4-Ship multi-vehicle system through a partnership with Tomahawk Robotics, the leading innovator of common control solutions. This partnership will enable the warfighter in the field to simultaneously control the Teal 2 and other unmanned vehicles, such as rovers and robots on the ground, all within a single application on a single pane of glass. Enabling fighters to coordinate an arsenal of unmanned systems in the air and on the ground gives them a significant advantage in finding and subduing the enemy.

In addition, one operator can hand off control of one or more drones, rovers or robots to another operator without shutting down the operation. For example, one operator may keep his group of drones focused on surveillance of an enemy location while handing off control of another drone/robot/rover to pursue an enemy who is leaving the location.

Tomahawk’s Kinesis control solutions provide the following capabilities:

In May 2022, Teal completed the development and production of a four-drone, multi-vehicle system for defense, government, and public safety markets. Developed in close cooperation with strategic partner Autonodyne, LLC, theThe multi-vehicle package will be offered in two configurations: 4-Ship and 4-Ship+. Both configurations will allow a single pilot to simultaneously control up to four of Teal’s Golden Eagle units.Teal drones at the same time.

The 4-Ship is a complete solution that provides operators with actionable information from multiple vehicles at the same time -- including the display of four simultaneous video feeds -- resulting in faster situational awareness and decision-making in today’s complex environments. It also offers a tremendous savings in manpower, the most expensive component of any drone operation since four pilots are replaced by just one. With 4-Ship, we have successfully integrated the human/machine interface with an embedded autonomy engine that offers additional intelligence and surveillance capabilities from a single pilot and controller. The ease of use and multitude of applications makes the 4-Ship a next-generation drone system.

The 4-Ship+ will include two extra Golden Eagle units and an additional linked controller to facilitate handoff of control from one pilot to another. The 4-Ship+ configuration allows a back-up pilot to immediately take over at any time. The additional two drones also allow pilots to bring in units with fresh batteries while units with drained batteries drop off to be charged – all without breaking up the four-drone flight pattern. This allows for continuous 360-degree surveillance of any target and overcomes the biggest weakness of any currently fielded drone which is limited battery life.

D.  Sales and Marketing

Since acquiring Teal in August 2021, the Company has built a sales and marketing team which presently consists of 8 direct and support professionals. Most of their efforts in fiscal 2023 were focused on developing relationships with the military agencies of the U.S. Federal Government. While the sales cycle for government agencies can be extensive and take considerable time and effort to establish, they can often become a long-term buyer once initial sales are closed. Key activities in fiscal 2023 related to demonstrating the capabilities of the Teal 2 included:

We believe that 4-Ship represents truly disruptiveIn August 2022, Teal demonstrated multi-drone mapping technology that will alterwas developed with Reveal Technology. This demonstration was provided to U.S. Army Special Operations Command near Fort Bragg. Military tactical teams’ ability to quickly produce accurate maps of areas targeted for military operations can mean the approachdifference between mission success or failure. Teal teamed with Reveal Technology to enhance Reveal’s “Farsight” mapping software by automatically combining imagery from multiple unmanned aerial systems (UAS) to produce high-fidelity 3D maps. By dramatically increasing the speed of collection, users receive Farsight maps and analytics faster than ever.

Introduced in May 2022, the 4-Ship allows a single operator to simultaneously control up to four drones, allowing for instant and ongoing 360-degree surveillance of a target. Farsight gives military teams virtually real-time access to detailed 3D maps of a target area that can be overlaid with:

These combined features demonstrate that multiple, networked drones far outperform a single drone for gathering and analyzing geographic intelligence. This provides a team with an advanced awareness of the situation as it is on the ground which leads to more successful missions.

Prior to Farsight, military teams in the field were often dependent on overtasked and often separate intelligence surveillanceorganizations which resulted in slow-moving intelligence analysis that did not match the fast-paced environment on the ground. Farsight helps overcome this issue by blending state-of-the-art computer vision, AI and reconnaissance. No longer are drone applications limited tocomputing “at the edge” – computing in the field on handheld devices. All processing for Farsight is completed at the edge and therefore, a one-pilot/one-drone situation, drastically alteringnetwork connection is not required which eliminates the potential missionsneed for drones dueadditional processing capabilities like servers or cloud infrastructure. This not only speeds up the entire process but it also allows for the creation of detailed, actionable maps from virtually anywhere on the globe. Finally, computing at the edge does not increase the team’s electronic signature to the abilityenemy, which as seen in Ukraine, could attract artillery fire.

In August 2022, Teal was granted a waiver by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) allowing a single pilot to be ablesimultaneously control multiple drones for the first public demonstration of the Company’s multi-drone technology. This event was held in October 2022 at Kane Stadium in New Jersey.

Historically, few waivers were approved by the FAA for multi-drone operations, and those were only for pre-programmed swarms of light-pixel drones for firework displays or for limited performance testing applications. Teal’s waiver allows dynamic re-tasking by the pilot in command. Instead of flying a pre-coordinated low-risk display, the pilot is authorized to controladjust the trajectory of the drones in real time. This minor differentiation has long been a teamcritical missing link needed to implement multi-drone technology in real-world applications such as infrastructure and public safety inspections.

Teal secured this waiver by working closely with the FAA to validate multi-drone operation and establish the performance criteria to normalize it by integrating reliability-focused design features and extensive testing of drones. The 4-Ship already provides significant flexibilitysafety-critical components. This waiver is yet another milestone in applications, from securityTeal’s goal of making small drones a ubiquitous tool across industries. This waiver will ideally open the door to agriculture to law enforcement, as well asfuture FAA authorizations that allow for multi-drone technology implementation, thereby reducing the expected military applications,cost and complexity of implementing drone technology for which there is expressed interest.

customers across verticals like critical asset inspections, public safety, and more.

SkypersonicE.  Other Teal Information

Teal purchases inventory from over 35 suppliers. 80% of this inventory is purchased from four vendors. The most critical components are electronics and cameras. Teal's supply chain is NDAA and Blue UAS compliant. All suppliers are approved based on Teal's strict vendor qualification process.

Teal's primary competitor is DJI. Though regulation is trending toward further restrictions against Chinese made drones, DJI remains a global industry leader and continues to serve markets that Teal is focused on. Domestic competitors of Teal include Vantage Robotics and Skydio. These companies were selected alongside Teal out of 37 companies to compete in the Short Range Reconnaissance Tranche 2 program. Future competitors may include established defense contractors that are better capitalized and resourced to compete in Teal's markets. Teal competes with a combination of its unique product value propositions (i.e. nighttime capability, modular platform), and scalable domestic manufacturing.

Skypersonic

Skypersonic enables drones to "Fly Anywhere". Its Skycopter is a miniature drone in a protective cage which can navigate restricted spaces,dangerous military environments such as oil and gas pipes,a damaged, bombed building while recording critical inspectionISR data yet not damaging its environment or the drone. Its Skylogic software system enables the drone to record the inspection or surveillance data even though GPS communications are not available in such restricted environments. Skyloc is a stand-alone, real time, software system which enables the drone to record and transmit inspection data even while being operated from thousands of miles away. Fat Shark's Shark Byte digital video transmitters provideThe Company believes that Skypersonic can enable military operators to complete ISR in a safer, quicker, and more efficient manner. Traditionally, such activities are completed by soldiers on foot patrol who normally need to travel into dangerous military environments where the downlink technology which is essentialenemy can be waiting to enablingattack. Additional dangers exist when the dronesoldiers need to transmitexplore extreme heights or constrained spaces, such as bombed buildings, in order to secure the data recorded by the Skylogic system to Dronebox.

Skylogic and Fat Shark’s digital goggles integrate seamlessly to enable drones to be remotely flown from thousands of miles away. In January 2021, Rotor Riot's President, Drew Camden, controlled a drone flying in Michigan while he was physically located 1,200 miles away in Orlando, Florida. Notable accomplishments since the acquisition, including completion of the third trans-Atlantic flight completed remotely, are set forth below:required ISR.

Following establishment of the Enterprise segment, which includes Skypersonic and Teal, the Company determined to narrow Enterprise's near term focus on the military and other government agencies. This decision reflected (i) a decision to exclusively focus the Company's limited financial resources on its strongest near term business prospects and (ii) recognition of the ability to deploy the Skycopter in dangerous military environments. Enterprise intends to expand its sales and marketing efforts to other commercial applications once its military platform is fully established.

Awarded NASA Contract

In September 2021,November 2022, Skypersonic was awarded a five-year contract with NASA to provide drone and rover software,delivered the hardware and supportsoftware for a rover and drone system that the crew members of NASA’s Simulated Mars mission. NASA is preparingMission will use to remotely explore Martian-like terrain around Earth – all from their 1,700-square-foot simulated Martian habitat at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.

Crew members will spend one year living and working in a series of analog missions that willhabitat designed and built to simulate year-long stayslife on the surface of Mars, each of which will consist of four crew members living in Mars Dune Alpha, an isolated 1,700 square foot habitat. During the mission, the crew will conduct simulated spacewalks and related operations by remote pilotingRed Planet. The Skypersonic drones and rover will be taken to an area on Earth that is similar to Martian terrain – such as a desert or mountainous region – where they will be controlled remotely by crew members in a simulated Martian environment.Houston. The exercise is designed to test the ability of astronauts on Mars to remotely explore the planet with drones and rovers. Skypersonic's real-time transoceanic remote piloting platform will drive the piloting of both the drones and the rover.

NASA personnel trained on piloting the drones with Skypersonic’s Martian Simulator, a computer-simulation of the Martian environment based on actual photographs and video of the surface of Mars. 

Skypersonic was initially awarded a five-year contract with NASA in September 2021.

In August 2022, Skypersonic validated its software and hardware on Mt. Etna, an active volcano in Sicily where the landscape is similar to Martian geology. Using its ground-breaking Long Range Real-Time Remote Piloting System, the drone and rover on the active volcano in Italy were controlled by personnel in Houston, Texas, in real time. Whereas most drones cannot be piloted without connecting to the GPS network, Skycopter uses technology that is able to control and track the drone in locations – such as Mars – where GPS is not available.

In June 2022, Skypersonic completed an inspection of a utility plant in Turin, Italy using a drone controlled by a pilot physically located in Orlando, Florida. The drone was controlled relying solely on an internet connection from a normal cellphone. The pilot had never visited the plant, nor had he seen any drawings or photos of the floorplan or the layout which included many staircases, ducts, equipment, and other obstacles. Using the Company’s Skyloc operating system, the drone was piloted without using GPS (Global Positioning System) which is traditionally used for outdoor flights but which is often not available in closed, restricted environments.

Two-year Facility Inspection Program completed with General Motors

In May 2022, Skypersonic completed a two-year program with General Motors (“GM”) using the Skycopter™ to perform crane rail inspections in all 19 of its North American stamping (metalworking) facilities.

The Skycopter was able to capture critical information that is relevant to the maintenance of GM’s facilities and their internal structures in a relatively short amount of time. Information was captured in two to three hours versus what would normally take eight to twelve hours and require shutting the facility down completely, erecting scaffolds, and hoisting personnel in the air and onto the rails for manual inspection.inspection, saving not only significant time but also substantial costs. The Skycopter provided an inspection and data collection service that is faster than traditional methods while also providing a much safer work environment for employees.

The full inspection program took over two years to complete, including the initial planning and pilot training phases, while the inspection process across all 19 facilities required 14 months. The program consisted of the video recording of 50,000 cumulative feet of crane rails captured from more than 200 flight hours by the Skycopter across all 19 facilities for subsequent analysis by structural engineers.hours. The Skycopter was piloted by General Motors personnel at all times following their completion of an initial pilot training program with Skypersonic. Based on learnings from this initial inspection program, General Motors believes it can materially reduce the next round of crane rail inspections from 14 months for all 19 North American stamping facilities to six months. General Motors is also evaluating the use of the Skycopter in other inspection applications across additional plants and facilities.

Trans-Atlantic Inspection of Italian Utility Plant Completed by Pilot Controlling Drone from the United States

In June 2022, Skypersonic completed an inspection of a utility plant in Turin, Italy using a drone controlled by a pilot physically located in Orlando, Florida. The drone was controlled relying solely on an internet connection from a normal cellphone. The pilot was Drew Camden, president of our subsidiary, Rotor Riot. Mr. Camden had never visited the plant, nor had he seen any drawings or photos of the floorplan or the layout which included many staircases, ducts, equipment, and other obstacles through which he guided the Skycopter from across the Atlantic. Using the Company’s Skyloc operating system, Mr. Camden was able to pilot the drone without using GPS (Global Positioning System) which is traditionally used for outdoor flights, but which is often not available in closed, restricted environments.

The Company believes that Skypersonic can enable companies to complete inspections, monitor operations and complete other business activities in a safer, quicker, and more efficient manner than traditional methods. Traditionally, such activities are completed in a manual manner which can require employees or contractors to travel to the desired location. In addition, a manual process can be inherently dangerous due to the restricted environment, including extreme heights and constrained spaces required to complete the activity.

IV.  Consumer Segment

The Consumer Segment will focusfocuses on selling drones and related parts to enthusiasts and hobbyists which will continue growing as drones become more visible in our daily lives. The Company'shobbyists. Fat Shark and Rotor Riot subsidiaries operate in this segment.

The Consumer segment focuses on drones piloted with wearable display devices. These are head mounted displays (“HMDs”), similar to goggles, for drone pilots. HMDs give pilots a “first person view” (“FPV”) perspective to control their drone in flight. This is a unique experience where the pilot is interacting with an aircraft through visual immersion. In this augmented virtual reality, theThe pilot sees only what the drone sees, as if sitting in the pilot seat. This experience is accomplished by live streaming footage from a camera mounted on the nose of the drone directly into specially designed goggles worn by the pilot. The image is transmitted via radio (traditionally analog but increasingly digital) to the pilot. The drone remote control unit, the drone device, and the FPV goggles are all interconnectedconnected via radio. This effect requires sophisticated electronics that transmit visual information with sufficient speed and reliability to allow pilot control over the drone in real-time. Pilots routinely achieve speeds of over 90 mph in racing and other mission critical applications. An FPV pilot must experience a near complete transfer of their visual consciousness into the body of their piloted device.

There are three common categories of FPV flight – freestyle flight, racing, and aerial photography. In freestyle, the pilot navigates around obstacles focused on acrobatics and exploring the environment around the aircraft through the HMD. This type of flight can be used for utility and crop inspection, as well as package delivery. These drones are often equipped with special equipment such as moisture or heat sensors.environment. FPV racing describes a growing spectator sport where pilots fly their drones in competitions through a series of obstacles, flags, and gates in a racetrack. Aerial photography is the process of viewing and recording a subject matter from the air from the viewpoint of the pilot.

We sellConsumer is working to increase customer adoption of Fat Shark's new digital based headset systems. The shift from analog to digital is critical to Fat Shark's strategy for long term product sales. DJI was first to market with digital FPV flight systems through ourheadsets for 2 years and gained a substantial majority market share for this product. This has slowed the initial sales of Fat Sharks product offerings. Overcoming this is paramount to preventing DJI from cornering the customer base and securing market position for Fat Shark. For this effort, Consumer has coordinated both subsidiaries, Fat Shark and Rotor Riot, andto promote sales of Fat Shark subsidiaries. We sell flight design cameras, video transmitters, goggles,digital headsets.

Consumer has increased targeted paid advertisements on Facebook, Google, and other platforms. These ads are directed toward both existing FPV customers as well as the mounts, airframes and accessories to build or operate drone aircraft. We design, develop, assemble, and sell each of these FPV components individually and in packages. We believe our products have become favorites in FPV racing and we sponsor several racing teams and pilots. We purchase and resell drones and componentsacquiring new customers from leading manufacturers, including industry leader DJI, and custom design and build our own line of branded products.

We market through social media and attract buyers to our ecommerce platforms. We maintain a robust presence on Facebook and YouTube where we sponsor competitions and provide education. Sports networks, and sponsorstangential markets such as NBC, Sky, Liberty Media, Fox Sports, MGM, Hearst, and Twitter broadcast and sponsor global events where professional pilots and amateurs compete for prizes and sponsorships. Drone racing is a global sportphotography. The ads direct sales through the Rotor Riot online store as well as other vendors of Fat Shark digital products.

Additionally, Consumer has offered discounted bundles via the Rotor Riot online store. These bundles combine Fat Shark's digital headsets with chapters, leagues, and pilots and established guidelines, rules and regulations for participation adoptedready to fly drones built by organizations such as MultiGP, Drone Racing League (“DRL”), IUDRO, DR1 Racing, Rotomatch League, FPVR, and Freespace Drone Racing. Pilots specially design their custom-built aircraft, selecting and customizing frames, motors, propellors and controllers for speed and maneuverability from Rotor Riot. Rotor Riot sponsors a team of six ofThese bundles provide the leading pilots on the competitive FPV racing circuit, including the 2019customer with cost savings and 2018 Drone Racing League champion. Drone pilots and spectators alike experience real-time flight through their own HMD.an easier entry point into Fat Shark sponsored its first drone racing championship in 2015.Shark's digital ecosystem. 

A.  Launch of Innovative Dominator Drone FPV Goggle

In May 2022, Fat Shark launched a new FPV (first-person viewer) drone headset – the Dominator. The Dominator is a low latency, 1080p digital goggle with an extended flight range over existing systems.

B.  Customers

Revenues for the Consumer segment are principally generated through distributors (for Fat Shark) and online (for Rotor Riot through its e-commerce site, www.rotorriot.com). We currently market ourConsumer markets its products and services to recreational and professional drone pilots and hobbyists.

C.  Competition

Rotor Riot competes with a number of significantly larger, better capitalized companies. SZ DJI Technology Company, Ltd., commonly known as DJI, is the dominant market leader in the CustomerConsumer Segment with a global market share estimated at more than 70%, according to many industry research firms. Other competitors include Parrot and Lumenier. Race Day Quads is a larger, direct competitor in the FPV sector. We competeConsumer competes against these financially stronger companies by leveraging ourits visibility on the internet through ourits Facebook page which has more than 33,00037,000 members and ourits Rotor Riot channel which has more than 192,000267,000 subscribers. The Rotor Riot brand has been at the center of the racing and freestyle culture of drones since registering its domain name in 2015. Rotor Riot sponsors a team of six of the leading FPV pilots on the competitive racing circuit, including the Drone Racing League champion pilot in 2019 and 2018.

Fat Shark competes with SZ DJI Technology Company, LtD., commonly known as DJI as the dominant market leader in the consumer segment. Fat Shark also competes with DJI as well as other FPV headset companies that includeincluding Skyzone, Orca, and HD Zero. The Fat Shark brand has been synonymous with FPV headsets since the emergence of the market in 2008. Fat Shark continues to compete through partnerships with other FPV companies and a focus on manufacturing and product quality.

D.  Suppliers

Rotor Riot purchases its inventory from over 60 suppliers. 35%80 suppliers although 44% of this inventory is purchased from threefour vendors. The two most critical components are electronics and frames. 41% of Rotor Riot's electronics and frames are purchased from two vendors. The United States has continuously increased tariffs on the inventory that Rotor Riot purchases from China. Since 2019, tariffs ranging from 2% to 25% have been imposed on 88% of Rotor Riot’s inventory. 68% of Rotor Riot's inventory is purchased directly from Chinese based vendors, and all of these items are subject to tariffs. An additional 20% is purchased from vendors that are affected by the tariffs resulting in increase inhigher costs tofor Rotor Riot. 28% of Rotor Riot’s inventory consists of DJI products which are subject to the highest 25% tariff rate. These tariffs increase the cost of goods which reduces the company’s profit margins. To date, Rotor Riot has been unable to find comparable non-Chinese products and vendors.

V.  The Drone Industry

The Drone industry continues to expand beyond its military origin to become a powerful business tool and recreational activity. We expect both of these markets to continue to grow.

Drone Industry to Benefit from Passage of Infrastructure Bill

In November 2021, Congress passed the infrastructure bill which may provide multiple business opportunities for the drone industry. Drones already play a vital role in many of the programs covered by the bill, including railways, roads and bridges, storm preparation, electrical grid strengthening and sewage maintenance. With more than $280 billion earmarked for these programs alone, the Company believes there is a significant opportunity to expand its existing relationship with the Department of Defense and NASA to include other agencies of the Federal Government.

These services include enabling rapid inspections and surveillance to ensure efficiency and identifying potential issues developing on roadways or electrical grids prior to their becoming disabled. Drones also provide the ability to efficiently manage maintenance once improvements have been completed. Congress has also been debating an additional $50 million allocation for both 2022 and 2023 as part of the "Drone Infrastructure Inspection Grant Act" which would provide funding specifically for drone use, thereby adding new opportunities for the Company in the context of the larger bill.

In addition, the Company strongly supports the "Build America, Buy America Act" component of the bill which emphasizes the need for infrastructure improvements and maintenance to be completed by American companies for the benefit of U.S. citizens. Specifically, the bill states: "United States taxpayer dollars invested in public infrastructure should not be used to reward companies that have moved their operations, investment dollars, and jobs to foreign countries or foreign factories, particularly those that do not share the commitment of the United States to environmental, worker, and workplace safety protections."

Red Cat Holdings was founded as an American company and each of its acquisitions has been completed within the U.S. borders to help strengthen the U.S. economy and provide U.S.-based jobs. With Teal’s new drone manufacturing facility up and running in Utah, the Company is well positioned to provide drones and services to support the needs of these infrastructure programs.

A. Government Regulation and Federal Policy of Drones 

The Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) of the United States Department of Transportation is responsible for the regulation and oversight of civil aviation within the U.S. Its primary mission is to ensure the safety of civil aviation. The FAA has adopted the name “unmanned aircraft” (“UA”) to describe aircraft systems without a flight crew on board. More common names include drone, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (“UAV”) and remotely operated aircraft.

The FAA began issuing regulations governing drones in 2005 with their scope and frequency expanding in recent years with the significant increase in the number of drones sold. In December 2015, the FAA announced that all drones weighing more than 250 grams, or 0.55 pounds, must be registered with the FAA. As of July 2022,2023, the FAA reported the registration of 858,550almost 870,000 drones, of which 318,455approximately 350,000 were commercial and 536,482approximately 520,000 were recreational. In addition, more than 286,184330,000 remote pilots were certified. 

In January 2021, the FAA finalized rules requiring that drones be identifiable remotely. These rules are effective for drone manufacturers beginning in September 2022 and for drone pilots in September 2023. The FAA believes that remote ID technologies will enhance safety and security by allowing the FAA, law enforcement, and federal security agencies to identify drones flying in their jurisdiction. These efforts lay the foundation for more complex operations, such as those beyond visual line of sight at low altitudes, as the FAA and the drone industry move toward a traffic management ecosystem for Unmanned Aircraft System flights separate from, but complimentary to, the air traffic management system.

The Company believes that the oversight of the FAA is beneficial to the drone industry generally, and the Company specifically. Approximately 10 % of the drones sold by Rotor Riot are below the weight threshold required to register. The remaining 90% have more functionality, are more likely to be used for commercial purposes, and therefore, should be registered.

In November 2021, Congress passed the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act which may provide multiple business opportunities for the drone industry. Drones already play a vital role in many of the programs covered by the bill, including railways, roads and bridges, storm preparation, electrical grid strengthening and sewage maintenance. With more than $280 billion earmarked for these programs alone, the Company believes there is a significant opportunity to expand its existing relationship with the Department of Defense and NASA to include other agencies of the Federal Government.

These services include enabling rapid inspections and surveillance to ensure efficiency and identifying potential issues developing on roadways or electrical grids prior to their becoming disabled. Drones also provide the ability to efficiently manage maintenance once improvements have been completed. Congress has also been debating an additional $50 million allocation for both 2022 and 2023 as part of the "Drone Infrastructure Inspection Grant Act" which would provide funding specifically for drone use, thereby adding new opportunities for the Company in the context of the larger bill.

In addition, the Company strongly supports the "Build America, Buy America Act" component of the bill which emphasizes the need for infrastructure improvements and maintenance to be completed by American companies for the benefit of U.S. citizens. Specifically, the bill states: "United States taxpayer dollars invested in public infrastructure should not be used to reward companies that have moved their operations, investment dollars, and jobs to foreign countries or foreign factories, particularly those that do not share the commitment of the United States to environmental, worker, and workplace safety protections."

Red Cat Holdings was founded as an American company and each of its acquisitions has been completed within the U.S. borders to help strengthen the U.S. economy and provide U.S.-based jobs. With Teal’s new drone manufacturing facility up and running in Utah, the Company is well positioned to provide drones and services to support the needs of these infrastructure programs.

In February 2023, two Congressman introduced the "American Security Drone Act of 2023" which would prohibit the purchase of drones from countries identified as national security threats such as China. The basis for the legislation is that purchases from these countries (i) pose a significant threat to national security, (ii) represent efforts to infiltrate and influence American society, and (iii) risk the theft of personal and business data. Specifically, the American Security Drone Act:

VI.  Other Corporate Information

A.  Environmental Considerations

While the operations of many businesses have some form of negative impact on the environment, drones have a unique ability to provide a positive contribution. Many of these relate to a drone’s ability to reach places in a more efficient manner, and include such activities as:

B.  Intellectual Property

The company has consolidated theits intellectual property into a subsidiary, UAVPatent Corp. The subsidiary has 29holds 36 issued patents and 13registered designs and 16 pending patents.patents and registered designs. The IPIntellectual Property (“IP”) portfolio includes design and utility patents ranging from FPV headsets to the architecture for Skyperonic's Fly Anywhere platform. None of the patents are currently licensed and IP is generated in the general course of doing engineering design.

UAVPatent Corp also has the trademarks on the Rotor Riot, Fat Shark, Teal, Skypersonic, and Red Cat brands and logos.

C. Employees

As of July 20, 2021,June 30, 2023, the Company had 7076 full-time employees.

D. Research and Development

During the years ended April 30, 20222023 and 2021,2022, we incurred research and development costs of $2,606,141$5,248,336 and $516,084,$2,606,141, respectively, excluding $516,456$692,947 and $1,269,987$516,456 of stock-based compensation, respectively.

Item 1A

Risk Factors - Summary

Item 1A Risk Factors

Risks Related to our Financial Results and Condition

We have incurred net losses since inception. 

We have never been profitable and reported an accumulated deficit of almost $55 million at April 30, 2023. These losses have had an adverse effect on our financial condition, stockholders’ equity and working capital. We will need to generate higher revenues and control operating costs in order to attain profitability. We can provide no assurances that we will even be able to reach profitability.

We may need additional capital to fund our expanding operations until we reach profitability, and if we are not able to obtain sufficient capital, we may be forced to limit or curtail our operations.

During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2022, we acquired Skypersonic and Teal Drones. Our other businesses include Rotor Riot and Fat Shark. Historically, only Fat Shark has reported profits and it was not profitable in fiscal 2022.2022 or 2023. There can be no assurance that any of our operating businesses will reach profitability in the future.

If additional equity and/or debt financing is not available, then we may not be able to continue to develop our business activities, and we will have to modify our business plan. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our future operating results and our financial condition. If we are unable to raise additional funds to continue as a going concern, we could be forced to cease our business activities and dissolve. In such an event, we may incur additional financial obligations, including the accelerated maturity of debt obligations, lease termination fees, employee severance payments, and other creditor and dissolution-related obligations.

Our ability to raise financing through sales of equity and/or debt securities depends on general market conditions and the demand for our common stock.stock and/or debt securities. We may be unable to raise adequate capital through sales of equity and/or debt securities, and if our stock has a low market price at the time of such sales, our existing stockholders could experience substantial dilution. If adequate financing is not available or unavailable on acceptable terms, we may find we are unable to fund expansion, continue offering products and services, take advantage of acquisition opportunities, develop or enhance services or products, or to respond to competitive pressures in the industry which may jeopardize our ability to continue operations.

We have incurred net losses since inception.

We have accumulated net losses of approximately $27,500,000 as of April 30, 2022. These losses have had an adverse effect on our financial condition, stockholders’ equity and working capital. We will need to generate higher revenues and control operating costs in order to attain profitability. There can be no assurances that we will be able to do so or to reach profitability.

We operate in an emerging and rapidly growing industry which makes it difficult to evaluate our business and future prospects.

The drone industry is relatively new and is growing rapidly. As a result, it is difficult to evaluate our business and future prospects. We cannot accurately predict whether, and even when, demand for our products will increase, if at all. The risks, uncertainties and challenges encountered by companies operating in emerging and rapidly growing industries include:

• Generating sufficient revenue to cover operating costs and sustain operations;

• Acquiring and maintaining market share;

• Attracting and retaining qualified personnel, especially engineers with the requisite technical skills;

• Successfully developing and commercially marketing new products:

• Accessing the capital markets to raise additional capital, on reasonable terms, if and when required to sustain operations or to grow the business.

The drone industry is subject to various laws and government regulations which could complicate and delay our ability to introduce products, maintain compliance, and avoid violations which could negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.

We operate in the drone industry which is a highly regulated environment in the US and international markets. Federal, state and local governmental entities and foreign governments may regulate aspects of the industry, including the production or distribution of our products, software or services. These regulations may include accounting standards, taxation requirements, product safety, trade restrictions, environmental regulations, products directed toward children or hobbyists, and other administrative and regulatory restrictions. While we endeavor to take all the steps necessary to comply with these laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that we can maintain compliance on a continuing basis. Failure to comply could result in monetary liabilities and other sanctions which could increase our costs or decrease our revenue resulting in a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business and products are subject to government regulation and we may incur additional compliance costs or be forced to suspend or cease operations if we fail to comply.

We must comply with a wide variety of laws, regulations, standards and other requirements governing, among other things, electrical safety, wireless emissions, health and safety, e-commerce, consumer protection, export and import requirements, hazardous materials usage, product-related energy consumption, packaging, recycling and environmental matters. Compliance with these laws, regulations, standards, and other requirements may be onerous and expensive, and they may be inconsistent from jurisdiction to jurisdiction (including from country to country), further increasing the cost of compliance and doing business. Our products may require regulatory approvals or satisfaction of other regulatory concerns in the various jurisdictions in which they are manufactured, sold or both. These requirements create procurement and design challenges that require us to incur additional costs identifying suppliers and manufacturers who can obtain and produce compliant materials, parts and products. Failure to comply with such requirements can subject us to liability, additional costs, and reputational harm and, in extreme cases, force us to recall products or prevent us from selling our products in certain jurisdictions. If there is a new regulation, or change to an existing regulation, that significantly increases our costs of manufacturing or causes us to significantly alter the way that we manufacture our products, this would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, while we have implemented policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that our employees, contractors, and agents will not violate such laws and regulations or our policies and procedures.

Our products must comply with certain requirements of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) regulating electromagnetic radiation in order to be sold in the United States and with comparable requirements of the regulatory authorities of the European Union (“EU”), Japan, China and other jurisdictions. Our FPV products include wireless radios and receivers which require additional emission testing. We are also subject to various environmental laws and governmental regulations related to toxic, volatile, and other hazardous chemicals used in the third-party components incorporated into our products, including the Restriction of Certain Hazardous Substances Directive (the “RoHS”) and the EU Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (the “WEEE Directive”), as well as the implementing legislation of the EU member states. This directive restricts the distribution of products within the EU that exceed very low maximum concentration amounts of certain substances, including lead. Similar laws and regulations have been passed or are pending in China, Japan, and numerous countries around the world and may be enacted in other regions, including in the United States. We are, or may in the future be, subject to these laws and regulations.

Our products may be subject to new domestic and international requirements. Compliance with regulations enacted in the future could substantially increase our cost of doing business or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and our business. Any inability by us to comply with regulations in the future could result in the imposition of fines or in the suspension or cessation of our operations or sales in the applicable jurisdictions. Any such inability by us to comply with regulations may also result in our not being permitted, or limit our ability, to ship our products which would adversely affect our revenue and ability to achieve or maintain profitability.

Although we encourage our contract manufacturers and major component suppliers to comply with the supply chain transparency requirements, such as the RoHS Directive, we cannot provide assurance that our manufacturers and suppliers consistently comply with these requirements. In addition, if there are changes to these or other laws (or their interpretation) or if new related laws are passed in other jurisdictions, we may be required to re-engineer our products to use components compatible with these regulations. This re-engineering and component substitution could result in additional costs or disrupt our operations or logistics.

The WEEE Directive requires electronic goods producers to be responsible for the collection, recycling and treatment of such products. Changes in interpretation of the directive may cause us to incur costs or have additional regulatory requirements to meet in the future in order to comply with this directive, or with any similar laws adopted in other jurisdictions. Our failure to comply with past, present, and future similar laws could result in reduced sales of our products, substantial product inventory write-offs, reputational damage, penalties and other sanctions, which could harm our business and financial condition. We also expect that our products will be affected by new environmental laws and regulations on an ongoing basis. To date, our expenditures for environmental compliance have not had a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows. Although we cannot predict the future impact of such laws or regulations, they will likely result in additional costs and may increase penalties associated with violations or require us to change the content of our products or how they are manufactured. These developments could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

We face competition from larger companies that have substantially greater resources which challenges our ability to establish market share, grow our business segments, and reach profitability.

The drone industry is attracting a wide range of significantly larger companies which have substantially greater financial, management, research and marketing resources than us. Competitors in the Enterprise segment include transportation companies like United Parcel Service, Federal Express and Amazon, as well as defense companies such as Lockheed Martin Corporation, Northrop Grumman Corporation, and AeroVironment. Our competitors may be able to provide customers with different or greater capabilities than we can provide, including technical qualifications, pricing, and key technical support. Many of our competitors may utilize their greater resources to (i) develop competing products and technologies, (ii) leverage their financial strength to utilize economies of scale and offer lower pricing, and (iii) hire more qualified personnel by offering more generous compensation packages. In order to secure orders and contracts, we may have to offer comparable products and services at lower pricing which could adversely affect our operating margins. Our inability to compete effectively against these larger companies could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. 

We may not be able to keep pace with technological advances in the drone industry.

The drone industry continues to undergo significant changes, primarily related to technological developments. The rapid growth of technology and shifting consumer tastes makes it impossible to predict the overall effect these factors could have on the drone industry. If we are not able to keep pace with these technological advances, then our revenues, profitability and results from operations may be materially adversely affected.

We will continue to rely on components (including micro-display panels organic light-emitting diode (“OLED”) and liquid crystal (“LC”) displays for our goggle displays, transmitters and cameras) that are developed and produced by other companies. The commercial success of our future products will depend on advances in these and other technologies by other companies. We may, from time to time, contract with and support companies developing key technologies in order to accelerate the development of such products for our uses. Such activities might not result in useful technologies or components for us but may help our competitors.

If critical components become scarce or unavailable, then we may incur delays in fulfilling sales orders which could adversely impact our business.

We obtain components for our drones from a limited number of suppliers. Most of these components are sourced from China which has been engaged in a trade war with the United States over the past few years. We do not have a long-term agreement with these suppliers that obligates them to sell components to us. Our reliance on these suppliers entails significant risks and uncertainties, including whether these suppliers will provide an adequate quantity of components, at a reasonable price, and on a timely basis. While there are options to purchase certain components from suppliers based in the United States, we would be forced to pay higher prices which would adversely impact our gross margin and operating results. Our operating results could be materially, adversely impacted if our suppliers do not provide the critical components used to assemble our products on a timely basis, at a reasonable price, and in sufficient quantities.

Lack of long-term purchase orders and commitments from customers may lead to a rapid decline in sales.

Our customers issue purchase orders solely at their own discretion, often shortly before the requested date of shipment. Customers are generally able to cancel orders (without penalty) or delay the delivery of products on relatively short notice. In addition, current customers may decide not to purchase products for any reason. If our customers do not continue to purchase our products, then our sales volume could decline rapidly with little or no warning.

We cannot rely on long-term purchase orders or commitments to protect us from the negative financial effects of a decline in demand for our products. The uncertainty of product orders makes it difficult to forecast sales and allocate resources in a manner consistent with actual sales. Moreover, expense levels and the amounts invested in capital equipment and new product development costs are based in part on expectations of future sales and, if expectations regarding future sales are inaccurate, we may be unable to reduce costs in a timely manner to adjust for sales shortfalls. As a result of lack of long-term purchase orders and purchase commitments, we may experience a rapid decline in sales.

Our products require a continuing investment in research and development, and may experience technical problems or delays, which could lead the business to fail.

Our research and development efforts remain subject to all the risks associated with the development of new products based on emerging and innovative technologies. This includes, for example, unexpected technical problems or the possible insufficiency of funds for completing development of these products. If technical problems or delays arise, further improvements in products and the introduction of future products could be adversely impacted, and we could incur significant additional expenses, an inability to increase revenues and increasing operating losses.

The nature of our business involves significant risks and uncertainties that may not be covered by insurance or indemnity.

We develop and sell products where insurance or indemnification may not be available, including (i) those using advanced and unproven technologies and drones, and (ii) those that collect, distribute and analyze various types of information. 

Failure of certain of our products could result in loss of life or property damage. Certain products may raise questions with respect to issues of civil liberties, intellectual property, trespass, conversion and similar concepts. Indemnification to cover potential claims or liabilities resulting from a failure of technologies developed or deployed may be available in certain circumstances but not in others. We do not and are not able to maintain insurance to protect against our risks and uncertainties. Substantial claims resulting from an accident, failure of our product, or liability arising from our products in excess of any indemnity or insurance coverage (or for which indemnity or insurance is not available or was not obtained) could harm our financial condition, cash flows, and operating results. Any accident, even if fully covered or insured, could negatively affect our reputation among our customers and the public, and make it more difficult for us to compete effectively.

Product quality issues and a higher-than-expected number of warranty claims or returns could harm our business and operating results.

The products that we sell could contain defects in design or manufacture. Defects could also occur in the products or components that are supplied to us. There can be no assurance we will be able to detect and remedy all defects in the hardware and software we sell which could result in product recalls, product redesign efforts, loss of revenue, reputational damage and significant warranty and other remediation expenses. Similar to other mobile and consumer electronics, our products have a risk of overheating in the course of usage or upon malfunction. Any such defect could result in harm to property or in personal injury. If we determine that a product does not meet product quality standards or may contain a defect, the launch of such product could be delayed until we remedy the quality issue or defect. The costs associated with any protracted delay necessary to remedy a quality issue or defect in a new product could be substantial.

We generally provide a one-year warranty on all of our product except in certain European countries that mandate two years for some consumer-focused products. The occurrence of any material defects in our products could expose us to liability for damages and warranty claims in excess of our current reserves, and we could incur significant costs to correct any defects, warranty claims or other problems. In addition, if any of our product designs are defective or are alleged to be defective, we may be required to participate in a recall campaign. In part due to the terms of our warranty policy, any failure rate of our products that exceeds our expectations may result in unanticipated losses. Any negative publicity related to the perceived quality of our products could affect our brand image and decrease retailer, distributor and consumer confidence and demand, which could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. Further, accidental damage coverage and extended warranties are regulated in the United States at the state level and are treated differently within each state. Additionally, outside of the United States, regulations for extended warranties and accidental damage vary from country to country. Changes in interpretation of the regulations concerning extended warranties and accidental damage coverage on a federal, state, local or international level may cause us to incur costs or have additional regulatory requirements to meet in the future in order to continue to offer our support services. Our failure to comply with past, present and future similar laws could result in reduced sales of our products, reputational damage, penalties and other sanctions, which could harm our business and financial condition.

Our products will likely experience declining unit prices and we may not be able to offset that decline with production cost decreases or higher unit sales.

Prices of established consumer and enterprise electronics, displays, personal computers, and mobile products tend to decline significantly over time or as new enhanced versions are introduced, frequently every 12 to 24 months in the markets in which we compete. In order to maintain adequate product profit margins over the long term, we believe that we will need to continuously develop product enhancements and new technologies that will either slow price declines of our products or reduce the cost of producing and delivering our products. While we anticipate opportunities to reduce production costs over time, we may not be able to reduce our component costs. We expect to attempt to offset the anticipated decrease in our average selling price by introducing new products, increasing our sales volumes, or adjusting our product mix. If we fail to do so, our results of operations will be materially and adversely affected.

Our products could infringe on the intellectual property rights of others.

Companiesoperating results may be adversely impacted by worldwide political, economic and public health uncertainties and specific conditions in the consumer electronics, wireless communications, semiconductor, IT,markets we address.

A deterioration in global economic, financial, and/or public health conditions, including global pandemics, economic recessions and display industries steadfastly pursue and protect intellectual property rights, often times resulting in considerable and costly litigationpolitical turmoil could materially adversely affect (i) our ability to determineraise, or the validityterms of patents and claims by third parties of infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights. Our products could be found to infringe on the intellectual property rights of others. Other companies may hold or obtain patents or inventions or other proprietary rights in technology necessaryneeded capital; (ii) demand for our business. Periodically, other companies inquire aboutcurrent and future products; and (iii) the supply of components for our productsproducts. We cannot predict the timing, strength, or duration of any economic slowdown or subsequent economic recovery, worldwide, or in the drone industry.

Acquisitions could divert the attention of key personnel, be difficult to integrate, dilute our existing shareholders and technology in their attempts to assess whetheradversely impact our financial results.

Since January 2020, we violate their intellectual property rights. If we are forced to defend against infringement claims, we may face costly litigation, diversion of technical and management personnel, and product shipment delays, even ifhave completed four acquisitions which have significantly increased the allegations of infringement are unwarranted. If there is a successful claim of infringement against us and we are unable to develop non-infringing technology or license the infringed or similar technology on a timely basis, or if we are required to cease using one or morescope of our business or product names due tooperations and our employee headcount. Acquisitions include a successful trademark infringement claim against us, it could adversely affect our business.

Our intellectual property rights and proprietary rights may not adequately protect our products.

Our commercial success will depend substantially on the ability to obtain patents and other intellectual property rights and maintain adequate legal protection for products in the United States and other countries. We will be able to protect our intellectual property from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that these assets are covered by valid and enforceable patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property rights, or are effectively maintained as trade secrets. Aswide range of the date of this filing, we own 29 granted United States and foreign patents and 13 pending United States and foreign patent applications. The U.S. patents and patent applications include claims to, among other things, a drone, a printed circuit board, and HMD technology. We apply for patents covering our products, services, technologies, and designs, as we deem appropriate. We may fail to apply for patents on important products, services, technologies or designs in a timely fashion, or at all. We do not know whetherrisks, any of which could hurt our patent applications will result inbusiness, including the issuance of any patents. Even if patents are issued, they may not be sufficient to protect our products, services, technologies, or designs. Our existing and future patents may not be sufficiently broad to prevent others from developing competing products, services technologies, or designs. Intellectual property protection and patent rights outside of the United States are even less predictable. As a result, the validity and enforceability of patents cannot be predicted with certainty. Moreover, we cannot be certain whether:following:

In addition, there are many financial risks associated with the cost of acquisitions. If we finance the cost of an acquisition using common stock, then our existing shareholders will be diluted and our stock price could decrease. If we finance the cost of an acquisition using debt, such financing could include restrictive covenants that restrict our operating and financial flexibility. If the stock market perceives that we overpaid for the acquisition, then our stock price could decrease.

Divestitures could divert the attention of key personnel, be difficult to complete, and adversely impact our continuing operations.

We have a signed purchase agreement (“SPA”) to sell our Consumer segment. The patents we own or license and those that may be issued to usSPA was executed in November 2022 but the future may be challenged, invalidated, rendered unenforceable or circumvented, and the rights granted under any issued patents maysale still has not provide us with proprietary protection or competitive advantages. Moreover, third parties could practice our inventions in territories where we do not have patent protection or in territories where they could obtain a compulsory license to our technology where patented. Such third parties may then try to import products made using our inventions into the United States or other territories. We cannot ensure that any of our pending patent applications will result in issued patents, or even if issued, predict the breadth, validity and enforceabilitybeen consummated as of the claims upheld in our and other companies’ patents.

Unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise use aspectsend of our processes and products that we regard as proprietary. Policing unauthorized useJune 2023. The process of our proprietary information and technology is difficult and can be costly, and our efforts to do so may not prevent misappropriation of our technologies. We may become engaged in litigation to protect or enforce our patent and other intellectual property rights or in International Trade Commission proceedings to abateselling the importation of goods that would compete unfairly with our products and, if unsuccessful, these actions could result in the loss of patent or other intellectual property rights protection for the key technologies on which our business strategy depends.

We rely in part on unpatented proprietary technology, and others may independently develop the same or similar technology or otherwise obtain access to our unpatented technology. We require employees, contractors, consultants, financial advisors, suppliers, and strategic partners to enter into confidentiality and intellectual property assignment agreements (as appropriate), but these agreements may not provide sufficient protection for our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information.

The laws of certain countries do not protect intellectual property and proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States and, therefore, in certain jurisdictions, we may be unable to protect our products, services, technologies and designs adequately against unauthorized third-party copying, infringement or use, which could adversely affect our competitive position. We may initiate proceedings or litigation against third parties. To protect or enforce our intellectual property rights such proceedings or litigation may be necessary to protect our trade secrets or know-how, products, technologies, designs, brands, reputation, likeness, authorship works or other intellectual property rights. Such proceedings or litigation also may be necessary to determine the enforceability, scope and validity of the proprietary rights of others. Any proceedings or lawsuits that we initiate could be expensive, takeConsumer segment has required significant time and divert management’s attention from other business concerns. Additionally, we may provoke third parties to assert claims against us which could invalidate or narrow the scopemany of our own intellectual property rights.key personnel. This has adversely impacted the time and attention that these key personnel are able to commit to the Enterprise segment which will be our primary business following the sale of the Consumer segment. We maydo not prevail in any proceedings or lawsuits that we initiate,presently have a firm closing date and key personnel continue to spend significant time and attention trying to close the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may be commercially valuable. The occurrence of any of these events may adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

We have registered and applied to register certain of our trademarks in several jurisdictions worldwide. In some jurisdictions where we have applied to register our trademarks, other applications or registrations exist for the same, similar, or otherwise related products or services.transaction. If we are not successful in arguing that there is no likelihood of confusion between our marks andable to successfully close the marks that are the subjectsale of the other applications or registrations owned by third parties, our applicationsConsumer segment, we will continue to operate the Consumer segment even though we would prefer to close the transaction and sell the Consumer segment. This may be denied, preventing us from obtaining trademark registrations and adequate protection for our marks inadversely impact the relevant jurisdictions, which could impactoperation of the Enterprise segment including our ability to buildexecute the growth objectives that we have established for the Enterprise segment. This could adversely impact our brand identityrevenues, costs and marketfinancial results.

Our failure to effectively manage growth could harm our business.

We intend to expand the number and types of products we sell. We will need to replace and regularly introduce on a timely basis new products and services in those jurisdictions. Whethertechnologies, enhance existing products, and effectively stimulate customer demand for new products and upgraded or not our application is denied, third parties may claim that our trademarks infringe their rights. As a result, we could be forced to pay significant settlement costs or cease the use of these trademarks and associated elementsenhanced versions of our brand in the United States or other jurisdictions.existing products.

Even in those jurisdictions where we are able to register our trademarks, competitors may adopt or apply to register similar trademarks to ours, may register domain names that mimic ours or incorporate our trademarks, or may purchase keywords that are identical or confusingly similar to our brand names as terms in Internet search engine advertising programs, which could impede our ability to build our brand identityThe replacement and lead to confusion among potential customersexpansion of our products places a significant strain on our management, operations and services. If weengineering resources. Specifically, the areas that are not successful in proving that we have prior rights in our marks and arguing that there is a likelihood of confusion between our marks andstrained most by these activities include the marks of these third parties, our inability to prevent these third parties from using similar marks may negatively impact the strength, value and effectiveness of our brand names and our ability to market our products and prevent consumer confusion.following:

Our products are subject to lengthy development cycles.

Our products are subject to lengthy product development cycles. The time elapsed between initial sampling of our products, the custom design of our products to meet specific product requirements, and the ultimate incorporation of our products into salable products is significant, often with a duration of more than one year. If our products fail to meet our customers’ cost, performance, or technical requirements or if unexpected technical challenges arise in the integration of our products into enterprise or consumer markets, then our operating results could be significantly and adversely affected. Long delays in achieving customer qualification and incorporation of our products also could adversely affect our business. Many HMD companies including Fat Shark are introducing digital HMDs which could create shortages of components and provide an opportunity for companies with significantly greater resources than us to accelerate migration to digital products in a manner or timeline which we cannot meet, which could cause us to lose market share and harm our business and prospects. These same risks exist in our Enterprise sector where our competitors include some of the largest defense companies in the world.

We expect to incur substantial research and development costs related to identifying and commercializing new products and services which may never result in revenues.

Our future growth depends on expanding into new markets, adapting existing products to new applications, and introducing new products and services that achieve market acceptance. We plan to incur substantial research and development costs as part of these efforts. We spent $5.2 million, or 53% of our revenue, in our fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, on internal research and development activities. We believe that there are significant investment opportunities in a number of business areas. Because we account for internal research and development as an operating expense, these expenditures will adversely affect our earnings in the future. Further, our research and development programs may not produce successful results, and our new products and services may not achieve market acceptance, generate revenue or cash flow, which could adversely impact our financial results and liquidity.

Risks Related to our Operations

Our operations may be adversely affected if we lose our rights under our third-party technology licenses.

Our business depends in partrelies on technology rights and software licensed from third parties. We could lose our exclusivity or other rights to use the technology if we fail to comply with the terms and performance requirements of the licenses. In addition, certain licensors may terminate a license upon our breach and have the right to consent to sublicense arrangements. If we were to lose our rights under any of these licenses, or if we were unable to obtain required consents to future sublicenses, we could lose a competitive advantage in the market, and may even lose the ability to commercialize certain products or technologies. Either of these results could substantially decrease our revenues.

Our business depends in part on access to third-party platforms or technologies, and if the access is withdrawn, denied, or is not available, or if the platforms or technologies change without notice, then our business and operating results could be adversely affected.

With the growth of mobile devices and personal voice assistants, cloud services and artificial intelligence (“AI”), the number of supporting platforms has grown, and with it the complexity and increased need for us to have business and contractual relationships with the platform owners in order to produce products compatible with these platforms and enable access to and use of these platforms with our products. Our product strategy includes current and future products designed for use with third-party platforms or software, such as iPhone, Android phones, Google Assistant and Amazon Alexa, as well as gaming platforms. Our business in these categories relies on our access to the platforms of third parties, some of whom are our competitors. Platform owners that are competitors may limit or decline access to their platforms, and in any case have a competitive advantage in designing products for their own platforms and may produce products that work better, or are perceived to work better, than our products in connection with those platforms. As we expand the number of platforms and software applications with which our products are compatible, we may not be successful in launching products for those platforms or software applications and/or we may not be successful in establishing strong relationships with the new platform or software owners, which could negatively impact our ability to develop and produce high-quality products on a timely basis for those platforms and software applications. We may otherwise fail to navigate various new relationships which could adversely affect our relationships with existing platform or software owners.

Our access to third-party platforms may also require paying a royalty or licensing fee which lowers our product margins or may otherwise be on terms that are not acceptable to us. In addition, the third-party platforms or technologies used to interact with our product portfolio can be delayed in production or can change without prior notice to us which can result in our having excess inventory, lower margins, or customer support issues.

If our customers are not satisfied with our technical support, firmware or software updates, they may choose not to purchase our products which would adversely impact business and operating results.

Our business relies on our customers’ satisfaction with the technical support, firmware, software and security updates we provide to support our products. If we fail to provide technical support services and necessary updates that are (i) responsive, (ii) satisfy our customers’ expectations and (iii) resolve issues that they encounter with our products, then customers may choose not to purchase additional products and we may face brand and reputational harm which could adversely affect our operating results.

Our use of open-source software could negatively affect our ability to sell our products and could subject us to possible litigation.

We incorporate open-source software into our products. Open-source software is generally licensed by its authors or other third parties under open-source licenses. Some of these licenses contain requirements that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon the open-source software, and that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of a particular open-source license or other license granting third parties certain rights of further use. Additionally, if a third-party software provider has incorporated open-source software into software that we license from such provider, we could be required to disclose any of our source code that incorporates or is a modification of our licensed software. If an author or other third-party that distributes open-source software that we use or license were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of the applicable license, we could incur significant legal expenses defending against those allegations and could be subject to significant damages, enjoined from offering or selling our products that contained the open-source software and be required to comply with the foregoing conditions. Any of the foregoing could disrupt and harm our business and financial condition. 

We could lose the services of key management personnel of the companies that we have acquired which could adversely impact our ability to operate and execute our subsidiaries effectively.

In recent years, we have completed four acquisitions which have resulted in a significant expansion in the number of key management personnel and our reliance on them. Dr. Allan Evans, the former CEO of Fat Shark is now Chief Operating Officer of Red Cat Holdings. George Matus has remained as President of Teal Drones. Drew Camden has remained as President of Rotor Riot, LLC. Each of these individuals were critical to the founding and growth of their companies prior to their being acquired by Red Cat Holdings. They have specific knowledge and insight regarding the operations of their respective companies, and the loss of any of them could adversely affect the efficiency of the operations of the related subsidiary. If we were required to replace any of these individuals, it would likely result in difficulties effectively growing the affected businesses and higher operating costs which would adversely impact our operating results.

We must recruit and retain highly trained and experienced employees, especially engineers, in order to succeed in our business.

We will need to hire and retain highly skilled technical personnel as employees and as independent contractors in order to develop our products and grow our business. The competition for highly skilled technical, managerial, and other personnel can be intense. Our recruiting and retention success is substantially dependent upon our ability to offer competitive salaries and benefits to our employees. We must compete with companies that possess greater financial and other resources than we do and that may be more attractive to potential employees and contractors. To be competitive, we may have to increase the compensation, bonuses, stock options and other fringe benefits we offer to employees in order to attract and retain such personnel. The costs of retaining or attracting new personnel may have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. If we fail to attract and retain the technical and managerial personnel required to be successful, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Our facilities and information systems and those of our key suppliers could be damaged as a result of disasters or unpredictable events which could have an adverse effect on our business operations.

Our manufacturing facility is located in Salt Lake City, Utah. We also rely on third-party manufacturing plants in the US, Asia and other parts of the world to provide key components for our products and services. If major disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, tropical storms pandemics, fires, floods, wars, terrorist attacks, computer viruses, transportation disasters or other events occur in any of these locations, or the effect of climate change on any of these factors or our locations, or our information systems or communications network or those of any of our key component suppliers breaks down or operates improperly as a result of such events, our facilities or those of our key suppliers may be seriously damaged, and we may have to stop or delay production and shipment of our products. We may also incur expenses relating to such damages. If production or shipment of our products or components is stopped or delayed or if we incur any increased expenses as a result of damage to our facilities, our business, operating results mayand financial condition could be adversely impacted by worldwide political, economic and public health uncertainties and specific conditions in the markets we address.

A deterioration in global economic, financial, and/or public health conditions, including global pandemics, economic recessions and political turmoil could materially adversely affect (i)affected.

We rely on third-party suppliers, some of which are sole-source suppliers, to provide components for our products which may lead to supply shortages, long lead times for components, and supply changes, any of which could disrupt our supply chain, increase our costs, and adversely impact our operating results

Our ability to meet customer demand depends on our ability to raise, or the terms of needed capital; (ii) demand for our currentobtain timely and future products; and (iii) the supplyadequate delivery of components for our products. All of the components that go into our products are sourced from third-party suppliers. Some of the key components used to manufacture our products come from a limited or single source of supply or by a supplier that could potentially become a competitor. Our contract manufacturers generally purchase these components on our behalf from approved suppliers. We are subject to the risk of shortages and long lead times in the supply of these components and the risk that our suppliers discontinue or modify components used in our products. In addition, the lead times associated with certain components are lengthy and preclude rapid changes in quantities and delivery schedules. We have experienced component shortages and the availability of these components may be unpredictable in the future.

If we lose access to or experience a significant disruption in the supply of products and components from a supplier, we may be unable to locate alternative suppliers of comparable quality at an acceptable price, or at all, and our business could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, if we experience a significant increase in demand for our products, our suppliers might not have the capacity or elect not to meet our needs as they allocate components to other customers. Developing suitable alternate sources of supply for these components may be time-consuming, difficult and costly, and we may not be able to source these components on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, which may adversely affect our ability to fulfill our orders in a timely or cost-effective manner. Identifying a suitable supplier is an involved process that requires us to become satisfied with the supplier’s quality control, responsiveness and service, financial stability, labor and other ethical practices. If we seek to source materials from new suppliers, there can be no assurance that we could do so in a manner that does not disrupt the manufacture and sale of our products.

Our reliance on single source, or a small number of suppliers involves a number of additional risks, including risks related to supplier capacity constraints, price increases, timely delivery, component quality, failure of a key supplier to remain in business and adjust to market conditions, as well as natural disasters, fire, acts of terrorism or other catastrophic events, including global pandemics.

Several steps of our manufacturing processes are dependent upon certain critical machines and tools which could result in delivery interruptions and foregone revenues.

We currently have little equipment redundancy in manufacturing locales. If we experience any significant disruption in manufacturing or a serious failure of a critical piece of equipment, we may be unable to supply products to our customers in a timely manner. Interruptions in our manufacturing could be caused by equipment problems, the introduction of new equipment into the manufacturing process or delays in the delivery of new manufacturing equipment. Lead-time for delivery, installation, testing, repair and maintenance of manufacturing equipment can be extensive. We have experienced production interruptions in the past and no assurance can be given that we will not lose potential sales or be able to meet production orders due to future production interruptions in our manufacturing lines.

We depend on third parties to provide integrated circuit chip sets and other critical components for use in our products.

We do not manufacture the integrated circuit chip sets, optics, micro-displays, backlights, projection engines, printed circuit boards or other electronic components which are used in our products. Instead, we purchase them from third-party suppliers or rely on third-party independent contractors for these integrated circuit chip sets and other critical components, some of which are customized, or custom made for us. We also may use third parties to assemble all or portions of our products. Some of these third-party contractors and suppliers are small companies with limited financial resources. If any of these third-party contractors or suppliers were unable or unwilling to supply these components, our sales and operating results would be adversely impacted. As the availability of components decreases, the cost of acquiring those components ordinarily increases. High growth product categories such as the consumer electronics and mobile phone markets have experienced chronic shortages of components during periods of exceptionally high demand. If we do not properly anticipate the need for or procure critical components, we may pay higher prices for those components, our gross margins may decrease and we may be unable to meet the demands of our customers and end-users which could reduce our competitiveness, cause a decline in our market share and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

While the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly subsided, it continues to pose risks to our business, results of operations and financial condition, and the future nature and extent of COVID-19 is highly uncertain and unpredictable.

While the Covid Pandemic is considered to be largely over, new strains of the virus continue to periodically emerge and certain countries have implemented restrictions on their citizens which impacts business activities. We continue to experience adverse impacts on our operations, including supply chain delays related to international shipment of components for our drones.

Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic caused significant volatility and uncertainty in U.S. and international markets which may result in a prolonged economic downturn. A disruption of financial markets may reduce our ability to access capital and increase the cost of doing so. There are no assurances that the credit markets or the capital markets will be available to us in the future or that financing will be available.

We cannot reasonably estimate the length or severity of the COVID-19 pandemic or the related response, or the extent to which the disruption may continue to impact our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Ultimately, the COVID-19 pandemic could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Risks Related to our Industry

We operate in an emerging and rapidly growing industry which makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects.

The drone industry is relatively new and is growing rapidly. As a result, it is difficult to evaluate our business and future prospects. We cannot accurately predict whether, and even when, demand for our products will increase, if at all. The risks, uncertainties and challenges encountered by companies operating in emerging and rapidly growing industries include:

• Generating sufficient revenue to cover operating costs and sustain operations;

• Acquiring and maintaining market share;

• Attracting and retaining qualified personnel, especially engineers with the requisite technical skills;

• Successfully developing and commercially marketing new products:

• Accessing the capital markets to raise additional capital, on reasonable terms, if and when required to sustain operations or to grow the business.

We face competition from larger companies that have substantially greater resources which challenges our ability to establish market share, grow our business segments, and reach profitability.

The drone industry is attracting a wide range of significantly larger companies which have substantially greater financial, management, research and marketing resources than us. Competitors in the Enterprise segment include transportation companies like United Parcel Service, Federal Express and Amazon, as well as defense companies such as Lockheed Martin Corporation, Northrop Grumman Corporation, and AeroVironment. Our competitors may be able to provide customers with different or greater capabilities than we can provide, including technical qualifications, pricing, and key technical support. Many of our competitors may utilize their greater resources to (i) develop competing products and technologies, (ii) leverage their financial strength to utilize economies of scale and offer lower pricing, and (iii) hire more qualified personnel by offering more generous compensation packages. In order to secure orders and contracts, we may have to offer comparable products and services at lower pricing which could adversely affect our operating margins. Our inability to compete effectively against these larger companies could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results. 

We may not be able to keep pace with technological advances in the drone industry.

The drone industry continues to undergo significant changes, primarily related to technological developments. The rapid growth of technology and shifting consumer tastes makes it impossible to predict the overall effect these factors could have on the drone industry. If we are not able to keep pace with these technological advances, then our revenues, profitability and results from operations may be materially adversely affected.

We will continue to rely on components (including micro-display panels organic light-emitting diode (“OLED”) and liquid crystal (“LC”) displays for our goggle displays, transmitters and cameras) that are developed and produced by other companies. The commercial success of our future products will depend on advances in these and other technologies by other companies. We may, from time to time, contract with and support companies developing key technologies in order to accelerate the development of such products for our uses. Such activities might not result in useful technologies or components for us but may help our competitors.

Any significant disruption to ecommerce business could result in lost sales.

Our sales through ecommerce channels have been growing. Sales through rotorriot.com, and fatshark.com and our related web stores generally have higher profit margins than sales through resellers and distributors. Online sales are subject to a number of risks. System interruptions or delays could cause potential customers to fail to purchase our products and could harm our brand. The operation of our direct-to-consumer ecommerce business depends on our ability to maintain the efficient and uninterrupted operation of online order-taking and fulfillment operations. Our ecommerce operations subject us to certain risks that could have an adverse effect on our operating results, including risks related to the computer systems that operate our website and related support systems, such as system failures, viruses, denial of services attacks, computer hackers and similar disruptions. If we are unable to continually add software and hardware, effectively upgrade our systems and network infrastructure and take other steps to improve the efficiency of our systems, then system interruptions or delays could occur that would adversely affect our operating results.

We utilize third-party vendors for our customer-facing ecommerce technology, portions of our order management system and fulfillment. We depend on our technology vendors to manage “up-time” of the front-end ecommerce store, manage the intake of our orders, and export orders for fulfillment. Any failure on the part of our third-party ecommerce vendors or in our ability to transition third-party services effectively could result in lost sales and harm our business.

Cybersecurity risks could adversely affect our business and disrupt our operations.

The threats to network and data security are increasingly diverse and sophisticated. Despite our efforts and processes to prevent breaches, our devices, as well as our servers, computer systems, and those of third parties that we use in our operations are vulnerable to cybersecurity risks. These risks include cyber-attacks such as viruses and worms, phishing attacks, denial-of-service attacks, physical or electronic break-ins, employee theft or misuse, and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our servers and computer systems or those of third parties that we use in our operations. The occurrence of any of these events could lead to interruptions, delays, loss of critical data, unauthorized access to user data, and loss of consumer confidence. In addition, we may be the target of email scams that attempt to acquire personal information or company assets. Despite our efforts to create security barriers to such threats, we may not be able to entirely mitigate these risks. Any cyber-attack that attempts to obtain our data and assets, disrupt our service, or otherwise access our systems, or those of third parties we use, if successful, could adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition. A cyber attack would be expensive to remedy and could damage our reputation. In addition, any such breaches may result in negative publicity, adversely affect our brand, decrease demand for our products and services, and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

Risks Related to Our Enterprise Segment

U.S. government contracts are generally not fully funded at inception and may include provisions that are not favorable to us which could adversely impact our cash flows and results of operations.

US government contracts often have long lead times for design and development, and can be subject to significant changes in delivery timelines. Congress normally appropriates funds on its fiscal year basis, and it may not fully fund a program in the same fiscal year. Depending upon the results of political elections, the actions of Congress can change from one fiscal year to the next. As a result, we may be required to expend funds to fulfill existing orders, but subsequently have the delivery timeline extended or the order cancelled. Such results would have an adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations. 

A decline in U.S. government budgets, changes in spending priorities, or delays in contract awards could adversely affect the revenues of our Teal subsidiary.

We presently expect that much of our future revenue growth will be generated by our wholly owned subsidiary, Teal Drones, and that their primary customer is likely to be the U.S. government and its agencies. As a result, our business may be adversely impacted due to changes in the political environment, including those related to changes in the leadership of the current and or future administrations. We cannot provide assurance that the current levels of congressional funding, for defense in general, and for drones specifically, will continue at their current levels or decrease in the future. If annual budget appropriations are not enacted on a timely basis, we could encounter government shutdowns which could adversely impact any existing programs including the timely payment of prior shipments, as well as the receipt of future orders.

Our work for the U.S. government could expose us to security risks.

We expect that an increasing percentage of our revenues will come from the U.S. government and its agencies. This may expose us to numerous security threats, including cyber security attacks on our information technology infrastructure as well as threats to the physical safety of our facilities and our employees. We utilize numerous controls and procedures to monitor and prevent these threats, however, we can provide no assurance that they will be effective. Any improper use of our data, information technology systems or facilities could adversely impact our operations and operating results.

We are subject to extensive government regulation and our failure to comply with these regulations could subject us to penalties that may adversely impact our ability to operate our business.

As a vendor to the U.S. government and other state and local agencies, we are subject to and must comply with numerous government regulations which impact how we operate our business. These regulations could adversely affect our revenues, operating costs and profit margins. Some of the regulations to which we are subject, and the federal agencies which administer these regulations, include:

It is expensive and time consuming to comply with the regulations and requirements of these federal government agencies. The costs incurred to maintain compliance will adversely impact our operating costs and could delay our ability to operate profitably in the future, if at all.

Risks Related to Our Consumer Segment

Our Consumer Segment operates in a highly competitive market and the size, resources, and brand name of its competitors may allow them to compete more effectively than our businesses which could result in a loss of market share and a decrease in revenues.

The market for drones and head-worn display devices, including FPV HMDs, is highly competitive. We expect competition to intensify in the future as existing competitors introduce new and more competitive offerings alongside their existing products, and as new market entrants introduce new products into our markets. We compete against established, well-known diversified consumer electronics manufacturers such as Samsung, Sony, LG Electronics (LGE), HTC, Lenovo, and large software and other products companies such as Alphabet Inc. (Google), Microsoft, Facebook and Snap. In the FPV drone market, we compete with established, well-known manufacturers such as Epson, Yuneec, Boscam, Eachine, Walkera, SkyZone, MicroLED and DJI. Many of our current competitors have substantial market share, diversified product lines, well-established supply and distribution systems, strong worldwide brand recognition and greater financial, marketing, research, development and other resources than us. In addition, many of our existing and potential competitors enjoy substantial competitive advantages, such as:

• longer operating histories;

• the capacity to leverage their sales efforts and marketing expenditures across a broader portfolio of products; 

• broader distribution and established relationships with channel partners; 

• access to larger, established customer bases and known branding; 

• greater resources to fund research and development and to make acquisitions; 

• larger intellectual property portfolios; and 

• the ability to bundle competitive offerings with other products and services.

Smartphones, tablets, and new wearable devices with larger video display screens and computing power have significantly improved the mobile personal computing experience. In the future, the manufacturers of these devices, such as Apple Inc., Samsung, LGE, Lenovo, Google/Fitbit, Snap, Garmin, Facebook, Microsoft and others may design or develop products similar to ours. In addition, new companies may emerge and offer competitive products. Increased competition may result in pricing pressure and reduced profit margins and may impede our ability to increase the sales of our products. Any of these factors could substantially harm our business and results of operations.

If our Consumer Segment fails to keep pace with changing consumer preferences or technologies, then our business and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

Rapidly changing customer requirements, evolving technologies and industry standards characterize the consumer electronics, wearables, and display industries. To succeed in the consumer marketplace, we seek to enhance existing products and develop and market new products that keep pace with continuing changes in industry standards, requirements, and customer preferences.

Our success depends on our ability to develop new products and to identify trends as well as to anticipate and react to changing customer demands in a timely manner. If we are unable to introduce new products or novel technologies in a timely manner, or new products or technologies are not accepted by customers, then our competitors may introduce more advanced and competitive products which could hurt our competitive position. Our new products might not receive customer acceptance if customer preferences shift to other products, and our future success depends on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. Failure to anticipate and respond in a timely manner to changing customer preferences could lead to lost business, lower revenue and excess inventory levels.

If we do not maintain and develop sales channels for products, then our sales could decline, and our operating losses could increase.

We depend upon effective sales channels in reaching the customers who purchase our drone and HMD products. We primarily sell products either from in-house sales teams directly to retail outlets such as hobby shops or through websites and value-added resellers.

Distributors, third-party online resellers, and VARs generally offer products from several different manufacturers. Accordingly, these distributors, resellers and VARs may give higher priority to selling other companies’ products. If we were to lose the services of a distributor, online reseller, or VAR, we might need to find a replacement, and there can be no assurance of our ability to do so in a timely manner or on reasonable terms and conditions. Further, resellers and distributors may build inventories in anticipation of future sales, and if such sales do not occur as rapidly as they anticipate, resellers and distributors will decrease the size of their future product orders. We are also subject to the risks of distributors, resellers and VARs encountering financial difficulties which could impede their effectiveness and also expose us to financial risk. For example, if they are unable to pay for the products they purchase or are subject to ongoing disruptions in their business from unexpected events such as COVID-19. Any reduction in sales by current distributors or VARs, loss of key distributors and VARs or decrease in revenue from distributors and VARs could adversely affect our revenue, operating results, and financial condition.

If HMD’s and pilot gear do not gain greater acceptance in the marketplace, the business strategy may fail.

The acquisition of Fat Shark was based upon the acceptance of HMD wearables for FPV control of drones and the continuation of the attractiveness of that method for piloting drones. Fat Shark has experienced declining revenues over the past several years and such trend may continue or accelerate. Advances in other technologies may enable them to become more attractive technologies for FPV applications, which could limit the potential market for our products and cause our business strategy to fail. If end-users fail to accept HMDs in the numbers we anticipate or as soon as we anticipate, the sales of our FPV products and our results of operations would be adversely affected, and our business strategy may fail.

There are a number of competing providers of micro-display-based personal display technology, including HMDs, and we may fail to capture a substantial portion of the FPV personal wearable display market.

In addition to competing with other HMD manufacturers and distributors for FPV displays, we also compete with micro-display-based personal display technologies that have been developed by other companies. Numerous start-up companies plan to offer HMD products and developer kits in the future. Further, industry blogs have speculated that companies such as Apple may also offer HMDs in the future.

Most of our competitors have greater financial, marketing, distribution, and technical resources than we do. Moreover, our competitors may succeed in developing new micro-display-based personal display technologies and products that are more affordable or have more desirable features than our technology. If our products are unable to capture a reasonable portion of the HMD market, our business strategy may fail.

Our dependence on sales to VARs, resellers, and distributors increases the risks of managing our supply chain and may result in excess inventory or inventory shortages.

The majority of the reseller relationships for our HMD products and their accessories could involve them taking inventory positions and reselling to multiple customers. Under some typical distributor relationships, we would not recognize revenue until the distributors sell the product to their end user customers and receive payment. However, we do not currently enter into these types of arrangements. Our distributor and VAR relationships may reduce our ability to forecast sales and increase risks to our business. Since our distributors and VARs would act as intermediaries between us and the end user customers or resellers, we would be required to rely on our distributors to accurately report inventory levels and production forecasts. This may require us to manage a more complex supply chain and monitor the financial condition and credit worthiness of our distributors and VARs and their major end user customers. Our failure to manage one or more of these risks could result in excess inventory or shortages that could adversely impact our operating results and financial condition.

We do not control our contract manufacturers or suppliers and actions that they might take could harm our reputation and sales.

We do not control our contract manufacturers or suppliers, including their labor, environmental or other practices. Though we may seek to conduct periodic visits to some of our contract manufacturers and suppliers, these visits are not frequent or thorough enough to detect non-compliance with applicable laws and good industry practices. A violation of labor, environmental or other laws by our contract manufacturers or suppliers, or a failure of these parties to follow ethical business practices, could lead to negative publicity and harm our reputation. In addition, we may choose to seek alternative manufacturers or suppliers if these violations or failures were to occur. Identifying and qualifying new manufacturers or suppliers can be time consuming and we might not be able to substitute suitable alternatives in a timely manner or at an acceptable cost. Other consumer products companies have faced significant criticism for the actions of their manufacturers and suppliers, and we could face such criticism ourselves. Any of these events could adversely affect our brand, harm our reputation, reduce demand for our products and harm our ability to meet demand if we need to identify alternative manufacturers or suppliers.

Our principal manufacturer of HMDs is located in China and is owned by a related party which could create conflicts of interest.

Fat Shark has historically made purchases and sales of products and supplies for FPV and HMD products from and sold through three companies owned by the spouse of Greg French. Mr. French was the former owner of Fat Shark and was formerly a consultant to the Company. Mr. French is a significant shareholder in the Company. These companies are Direct FPV Ltd. (China), Shenzhen FatShark Co., Ltd (China) and Zeng Linghao (China). As a result, these business activities have and may, in the future, be subject to influences and may provide such parties with conflicts of interest and business opportunities that may not be subject to reasonable assessment and may not be available to Fat Shark or to the Company. These persons may also face a conflict in selecting between Fat Shark and their other business interests. We have not formulated a policy for the resolution of such conflicts. These entities are not subject to restrictions on competition with Fat Shark or the Company.

If critical components become scarce or unavailable, then we may incur delays in fulfilling sales orders which could adversely impact our business.

We obtain components for our drones from a limited number of suppliers. Most of these components are sourced from China which has been engaged in a trade war with the United States over the past few years. We do not have a long-term agreement with these suppliers that obligates them to sell components to us. Our reliance on these suppliers entails significant risks and uncertainties, including whether these suppliers will provide an adequate quantity of components, at a reasonable price, and on a timely basis. While there are options to purchase certain components from suppliers based in the United States, we would be forced to pay higher prices which would adversely impact our gross margin and operating results. Our operating results could be materially, adversely impacted if our suppliers do not provide the critical components used to assemble our products on a timely basis, at a reasonable price, and in sufficient quantities.

If significant tariffs or other restrictions are placed and maintained on Chinese imports or any related countermeasures are taken by China, our revenue and results of our Consumer operations may be adversely impacted.

If significant tariffs or other restrictions are placed on Chinese imports or any related counter-measures are taken by China, the revenue and results of operations of our Consumer Segment may be adversely impacted. In 2018, the Trump Administration introduced a list of thousands of categories of goods that began facing tariffs which may be increased in the future. These tariffs are still in effect in 2023. These tariffs currently affect some of the products of our Consumer segment, and we may be required to raise our prices on those products due to the tariffs which may result in a loss of customers and harm our operating performance. If the existing tariffs are expanded or interpreted by a court or governmental agency to apply to any of our other products, we may be required to raise the selling prices on those Consumer products, which may further result in a loss of customers and harm our operating performance. It is possible further tariffs will be imposed on imports of our products, or that our business will be impacted by retaliatory trade measures taken by China or other countries in response to existing or future tariffs imposed by the U.S. Such actions may cause us to raise prices or make changes to the operations of our Consumer segment, any of which could materially harm the revenue and operating results of our Consumer segment.

If the Consumer Segment is required to secure its inventory from sources other than China, then we could encounter difficulties in purchasing sufficient quantities and types of inventory which would adversely impact the sales, operating results, and financial condition of the Consumer Segment.

Historically, a substantial portion of the inventory, including components, for the Consumer Segment are sourced from China. However, in recent years, the relationship between China and the U.S. has deteriorated, including trade wars resulting in tariffs and limited supplies. In addition, the U.S. federal government has become increasingly concerned with various methods in which China may be spying on the U.S. in an attempt to secure valuable trade secrets and intellectual property. Many government agencies are mandating that products must be “Made in America”. It is possible that these mandates could be expanded to include the consumer market. While there are options to purchase most components from suppliers based in the United States, in most instances the cost is higher which adversely impacts our gross margins and operating results. The operating results of the Consumer Segment could be materially, adversely impacted if our suppliers do not provide the critical components used to assemble our products on a timely basis, at reasonable prices, and in sufficient quantities. 

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Our management has voting control of the Company.

Jeffrey Thompson, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, owns approximately 23% of our common stock and our current officers and directors currently own approximately 31% of our common stock. In addition, Greg French, the founder of Fat Shark owns approximately 9% of our issued and outstanding common stock. If they act together, they will be able to influence the outcome of all corporate actions requiring approval of our shareholders, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions which may result in corporate actions that other stockholders do not agree with. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. 

Our failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could have an adverse impact on the Company.

We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting. Failure to establish and maintain those controls could adversely impact public disclosures regarding our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, management’s assessment of internal controls over financial reporting may identify weaknesses and conditions that need to be addressed which may raise concerns for investors. Any actual or perceived weaknesses and conditions that need to be addressed in our internal controls over financial reporting, disclosure of management’s assessment of our internal controls, or disclosure of our public accounting firm’s attestation to our internal controls over financial reporting may have an adverse impact on the price of our Common Stock.

We have never paid dividends and we do not expect to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We have reported net losses every year since inception. We intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business. If we ever become profitable, we do not expect to pay cash dividends on shares of our common stock in the foreseeable future. The payment of future cash dividends, if any, depend upon, among other things, conditions then existing including earnings, financial condition and capital requirements, restrictions in financing agreements, business opportunities and other factors. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock, will be the sole source of gain for investors for the foreseeable future.

The listing of our securities on Nasdaq subject us to additional regulations and compliance requirements.

We are required to maintain compliance with the continued listing standards of Nasdaq. These include certain financial and liquidity criteria to maintain such listing. If we fail to meet any of Nasdaq’s listing standards, our securities may be delisted. Nasdaq requires that the trading price of its listed stocks remain above one dollar in order for the stock to remain listed. If a listed stock trades below one dollar for more than 30 consecutive trading days, then it is subject to delisting from Nasdaq. At times during May and June 2023, our stock has traded below $1 per share. While our stock has been trading above $1 per share in late June, the stock price could trade below $1 per share again in the future. In addition, we must satisfy minimum financial and other continued listing requirements and standards, including those regarding director and committee independence requirements, minimum stockholders’ equity, and certain corporate governance requirements. If we are unable to satisfy these requirements or standards, we could be subject to delisting which would have a negative effect on the price of our common stock and would impair an investor’s ability to sell or purchase our common stock. In the event of a delisting, we would expect to take actions to restore our compliance with the listing requirements, but we can provide no assurance that any such action would allow our common stock to become listed again, stabilize the market price, improve the liquidity of our common stock, or prevent future non-compliance with the listing requirements. A delisting of our securities from Nasdaq may materially impair our stockholders’ ability to buy and sell our securities and could have an adverse effect on the market price of, and the efficiency of the trading market for, our securities.

Our Board of Directors may authorize and issue shares of new classes of stock that could adversely affect current holders of our common stock.

Our Board of Directors has the power to authorize and issue shares of classes of stock, including preferred stock that have voting powers, designations, preferences, limitations and special rights, including preferred distribution rights, conversion rights, redemption rights and liquidation rights without further shareholder approval. These powers could adversely affect the rights of the holders of our common stock. In addition, our board could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stock or that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing common stockholders.

Any of these actions could significantly adversely affect the investment made by holders of our common stock. In addition, holders of our common stock could receive less proceeds in connection with any future sale of the Company, in liquidation or on any other basis.

Our shares will be subordinate to all of our debts and liabilities which increases the risk that investors could lose their entire investment.

Our shares of common stock are equity interests that will be subordinate to all of our current and future indebtedness with respect to claims on our assets. In any liquidation, all of our debts and liabilities must be paid before any payment is made to our shareholders. 

The market price of our shares of common stock is subject to fluctuation.

The market prices of our shares may fluctuate significantly in response to a wide range of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

The stock market has, from time to time, experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. Continued market fluctuations could result in extreme market volatility in the price of our shares of common stock which could cause a decline in the value of our shares.

Future capital raises may dilute our existing stockholders’ ownership and adversely impact the fair value of their investment.

If we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our existing stockholders’ percentage ownership may decrease, and these stockholders may experience substantial dilution. If we raise additional funds by issuing debt instruments, these debt instruments could impose significant restrictions on our operations including liens on our assets. If we raise additional funds through collaborations and licensing arrangements, we may be required to relinquish some rights to our technologies or products, or to grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us or could diminish the rights of our stockholders. Any of these developments could adversely impact our stock price.

Risks Related to Regulatory Matters

The drone industry is subject to various laws and government regulations which could complicate and delay our ability to introduce products, maintain compliance, and avoid violations which could negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.

We operate in the drone industry which is a highly regulated environment in the US and international markets. Federal, state, and local governmental entities and foreign governments may regulate aspects of the industry, including the production or distribution of our products, software or services. These regulations may include accounting standards, taxation requirements, product safety, trade restrictions, environmental regulations, products directed toward children or hobbyists, and other administrative and regulatory restrictions. While we endeavor to take all the steps necessary to comply with these laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that we can maintain compliance on a continuing basis. Failure to comply could result in monetary liabilities and other sanctions which could increase our costs or decrease our revenue resulting in a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business and products are subject to government regulation, and we may incur additional compliance costs or be forced to suspend or cease operations if we fail to comply.

We must comply with a wide variety of laws, regulations, standards and other requirements governing, among other things, electrical safety, wireless emissions, health and safety, e-commerce, consumer protection, export and import requirements, hazardous materials usage, product-related energy consumption, packaging, recycling and environmental matters. Compliance with these laws, regulations, standards, and other requirements may be onerous and expensive, and they may be inconsistent from jurisdiction to jurisdiction (including from country to country), further increasing the cost of compliance and doing business. Our products may require regulatory approvals or satisfaction of other regulatory concerns in the various jurisdictions in which they are manufactured, sold or both. These requirements create procurement and design challenges that require us to incur additional costs identifying suppliers and manufacturers who can obtain and produce compliant materials, parts and products. Failure to comply with such requirements can subject us to liability, additional costs, and reputational harm and, in extreme cases, force us to recall products or prevent us from selling our products in certain jurisdictions. If there is a new regulation, or change to an existing regulation that significantly increases our costs of manufacturing or causes us to significantly alter the way that we manufacture our products, this would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, while we have implemented policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that our employees, contractors, and agents will not violate such laws and regulations or our policies and procedures.

Our products must comply with certain requirements of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) regulating electromagnetic radiation in order to be sold in the United States and with comparable requirements of the regulatory authorities of the European Union (“EU”), Japan, China and other jurisdictions. Our FPV products include wireless radios and receivers which require additional emission testing. We are also subject to various environmental laws and governmental regulations related to toxic, volatile, and other hazardous chemicals used in the third-party components incorporated into our products, including the Restriction of Certain Hazardous Substances Directive (the “RoHS”) and the EU Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (the “WEEE Directive”), as well as the implementing legislation of the EU member states. This directive restricts the distribution of products within the EU that exceed very low maximum concentration amounts of certain substances, including lead. Similar laws and regulations have been passed or are pending in China, Japan, and numerous countries around the world and may be enacted in other regions, including in the United States. We are, or may in the future be, subject to these laws and regulations.

Our products may be subject to new domestic and international requirements. Compliance with regulations enacted in the future could substantially increase our cost of doing business or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and our business. Failure to comply with regulations in the future could result in the imposition of fines or in the suspension or cessation of our operations or sales in the applicable jurisdictions. Any such failure to comply with regulations may also result in our not being permitted, or limit our ability, to ship our products which would adversely affect our revenue and ability to achieve or maintain profitability.

Although we encourage our contract manufacturers and major component suppliers to comply with the supply chain transparency requirements, such as the RoHS Directive, we cannot provide assurance that our manufacturers and suppliers consistently comply with these requirements. In addition, if there are changes to these or other laws or if new related laws are passed in other jurisdictions, we may be required to re-engineer our products to use components compatible with these regulations. This re-engineering and component substitution could result in additional costs or disrupt our operations or logistics.

The WEEE Directive requires electronic goods producers to be responsible for the collection, recycling and treatment of such products. Changes in interpretation of the directive may cause us to incur costs or have additional regulatory requirements to meet in the future in order to comply with this directive, or with any similar laws adopted in other jurisdictions. Our failure to comply with past, present, and future similar laws could result in reduced sales of our products, substantial product inventory write-offs, reputational damage, penalties and other sanctions which could harm our business and financial condition. We also expect that our products will be affected by new environmental laws and regulations on an ongoing basis. To date, our expenditures for environmental compliance have not had a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows. Although we cannot predict the timing, strength,future impact of such laws or durationregulations, they will likely result in additional costs and may require us to change the content of any economic slowdownour products or subsequent economic recovery, worldwide, or in the drone industry.how they are manufactured. These developments could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

Our results of operations may suffer if we are not able to successfully manage our exposure to foreign exchange rate risks.

A substantial majority of our sales and cost of components are denominated in U.S. dollars. As our business grows, more of our sales and production costs may be denominated in other currencies. Where such sales or production costs are denominated in other currencies, they are converted to U.S. dollars for the purpose of calculating any sales or costs to us. Our sales may decrease as a result of any appreciation of the U.S. dollar against these other currencies.

Most of our current expenditures are incurred in U.S. dollars and many of our components come from countries that currently base their currency against the U.S. dollar. If the exchange rates change adversely or are allowed to increase, then additional U.S. dollars will be required to fund our purchases of these components.

Although we do not currently enter into currency option contracts or engage in other hedging activities, we may do so in the future. There is no assurance that we will undertake any such hedging activities or that, if we do so, they will be successful in reducing the risks associated with our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations.

Our international operations, including the use of foreign contract manufacturers, subjects us to international operational, financial, legal, political and public health risks which could harm our operating results.

A substantial part of our operations, including manufacturing of certain components used in our products, are outside of the United States and many of our customers and suppliers have some or all of their operations in countries other than the United States. Risks associated with our doingconducting business outside of the United States include:

We could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions in which we operate.

The global nature of our business creates various domestic and local regulatory challenges and subject us to risks associated with our international operations. We operate in areas of the world that experience corruption by government officials to some degree and, in certain circumstances, compliance with anti-bribery and anticorruption laws may conflict with local customs and practices. Our global operations require us to import and export to and from several countries which geographically expands our compliance obligations. In addition, changes in such laws could result in increased regulatory requirements and compliance costs which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. 

The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and similar anti-bribery and anticorruption laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit U.S.-based companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business, directing business to another, or securing an advantage. In addition, U.S. public companies are required to maintain records that accurately and fairly represent their transactions and have an adequate system of internal accounting controls. Under the FCPA, U.S. companies may be held liable for the corrupt actions taken by directors, officers, employees, agents, or other strategic or local partners or representatives. As such,a result, if we or our intermediaries fail to comply with the requirements of the FCPA or similar legislation, governmental authorities in the United States and elsewhere could seek to impose substantial civil and/or criminal fines and penalties which could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, operating results and financial condition.

We are subject to governmental export and import controls, and economic sanctions laws that could subject us to liability and impair our ability to compete in international markets.

The U.S. and various foreign governments have imposed controls, export license requirements and restrictions on the import or export of some technologies. Our products are subject to U.S. export controls, including the Commerce Department’s Export Administration Regulations and various economic and trade sanction regulations established by the Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Controls. Exports of our products must be made in compliance with these laws. Furthermore, U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions prohibit the provision of products and services to countries, governments, and persons targeted by U.S. sanctions. Even though we take precautions to prevent our products from being provided to targets of U.S. sanctions, our products could be provided to those targets or provided by our customers despite such precautions. Any such provision could have negative consequences, including government investigations, penalties, and reputational harm. Our failure to obtain required import or export approval for our products could harm our international and domestic sales and adversely affect our revenue.

If significant tariffs or other restrictions are placed and maintained on Chinese imports or any related counter-measures are taken by China, our revenue and results of operations may be adversely impacted.

If significant tariffs or other restrictions are placed on Chinese imports or any related counter-measures are taken by China, our revenue and results of operations may be adversely impacted. In 2018, the Trump Administration introduced a list of thousands of categories of goods that began facing tariffs of which may be increased in the future. These tariffs currently affect some of our products and we may be required to raise our prices on those products due to the tariffs, which may result in a loss of customers and harm our operating performance. If the existing tariffs are expanded or interpreted by a court or governmental agency to apply to any of our other products, we may be required to raise our prices on those products, which may further result in a loss of customers and harm our operating performance. It is possible further tariffs will be imposed on imports of our products, or that our business will be impacted by retaliatory trade measures taken by China or other countries in response to existing or future tariffs, causing us to raise prices or make changes to our operations, any of which could materially harm our revenue or operating results.

Changes in trade policy in the United States and other countries may have adverse impacts on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The U.S. government has indicated its intent to alter its approach to international trade policy through the renegotiation, and potential termination, of certain trade agreements and treaties with China, countries in EMEA and other countries. These changes could include the imposition of additional tariffs on a wide range of products. Policy changes in the United States or other countries, such as the tariffs already proposed, implemented, and threatened, present risks for us. Tariffs already announced and implemented are having an adverse effect on certain of our products, tariffs announced but not yet implemented may have an adverse effect on many of our products, and threatened tariffs could adversely affect more or all of our products. There are also risks associated with retaliatory tariffs and resulting trade wars. We cannot predict future trade policy, the terms of any renegotiated trade agreements or treaties, or tariffs and their impact on our business. A trade war could have a significant adverse effect on world trade and the world economy. To the extent that trade tariffs and other restrictions imposed by the United States or other countries increase the price of, or limit the amount of, our products or components or materials used in our products imported into the United States or other countries, or create adverse tax consequences, the sales, cost or gross margin of our products may be adversely affected and the demand from our customers for products and services may be diminished. Uncertainty surrounding international trade policy and disputes and protectionist measures could also have an adverse effect on consumer confidence and spending. If we deem it necessary to alter all or a portion of our activities or operations in response to such policies, agreements or tariffs, our capital and operating costs may increase. Our ongoing efforts to address these risks may not be effective and may have long-term adverse effects on our operations and operating results that we may not be able to reverse. Such efforts may also take time to implement or to have an effect, and may result in adverse quarterly financial results or fluctuations in our quarterly financial results. As a result, changes in international trade policy, changes in trade agreements and tariffs could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Any significant disruption to ecommerce business could result in lost sales.

Our sales through ecommerce channels have been growing. Sales through rotorriot.com, and fatshark.com and our related web stores generally have higher profit margins than sales through resellers, and distributors. Online sales are subject to a number of risks. System interruptions or delays could cause potential customers to fail to purchase our products and could harm our brand. The operation of our direct-to-consumer ecommerce business depends on our ability to maintain the efficient and uninterrupted operation of online order-taking and fulfillment operations. Our ecommerce operations subject us to certain risks that could have an adverse effect on our operating results, including risks related to the computer systems that operate our website and related support systems, such as system failures, viruses, denial of services attacks, computer hackers and similar disruptions. If we are unable to continually add software and hardware, effectively upgrade our systems and network infrastructure and take other steps to improve the efficiency of our systems, then system interruptions or delays could occur that would adversely affect our operating results.

We utilize third-party vendors for our customer-facing ecommerce technology, portions of our order management system and fulfillment internationally. We depend on our technology vendors to manage “up-time” of the front-end ecommerce store, manage the intake of our orders, and export orders for fulfillment. Any failure on the part of our third-party ecommerce vendors or in our ability to transition third-party services effectively could result in lost sales and harm our business.

We may collect, store, process and use the personally identifiablepersonal information and other data,of our customers which subjects us to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to privacy, information security and data protection. Any cybersecurity breaches or our actual or perceived failure to comply with such legal obligations by us, or by our third-party service providers or partners, could harm our business.

We may collect, store, process and use the personally identifiable information of our customers and other data in our transactions with them. We also rely on third parties that are not directly under our control to do so as well. While we take reasonable measures to protect the security, integrity and confidentiality of the personal information and other sensitive information we collect, store or transmit, we cannot guarantee that inadvertent or unauthorized use or disclosure will not occur, or that third parties will not gain unauthorized access to this information. While our privacy policies currently prohibit such activities, our third-party service providers or partners may engage in such activity without our knowledge or consent. If we or our third- party service providers were to experience a breach, disruption or failure of systems compromising our customers’ data, or if one of our third-party service providers or partners were to access our customers’ personal data without our authorization, our brand and reputation could be adversely affected, use of our products could decrease, and we could be exposed to a risk of loss, litigation and regulatory proceedings. 

Regulatory scrutiny of privacy, data collection, use of data and data protection is intensifying globally, and the personal information and other data we collect, store, process and use is increasingly subject to legislation and regulations in numerous jurisdictions around the world, especially in Europe. These laws often develop in ways we cannot predict and may materially increase our cost of doing business, particularly as we expand the nature and types of products we offer.

Data protection legislation is becoming increasingly common in the United States at both the federal and state level. For example, in June 2018,2020, the State of California enactedimplemented the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (the "CCPA"), which went into effect on January 1, 2020.. The CCPA requires companies that process information on California residents to make new disclosures to consumers about their data collection, use and sharing practices, allows consumers to opt out of certain data sharing with third parties and provides a new cause of action for data breaches. Additionally, the Federal Trade Commission and many state attorneys general are interpreting federal and state consumer protection laws to impose standards for the online collection, use, dissemination and security of data. The burdens of compliance imposed by the CCPA and(and other similar laws that may be enacted at the federal and state levellevel) may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and/or to incur substantial expendituresexpenditures.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

Our products could infringe on the intellectual property rights of others.

Companies in orderthe consumer electronics, wireless communications, semiconductor, IT, and display industries steadfastly pursue and protect intellectual property rights, often resulting in considerable and costly litigation to comply.

Cybersecurity risksdetermine the validity of patents and claims by third parties of infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights. Our products could be found to infringe on the intellectual property rights of others. Other companies may hold or obtain patents or inventions or other proprietary rights in technology necessary for our business. Periodically, other companies inquire about our products and technology in their attempts to assess whether we violate their intellectual property rights. If we are forced to defend against infringement claims, we may face costly litigation, diversion of technical and management personnel, and product shipment delays, even if the allegations of infringement are unwarranted. If there is a successful claim of infringement against us and we are unable to develop non-infringing technology or license the infringed or similar technology on a timely basis, or if we are required to cease using one or more of our business or product names due to a successful trademark infringement claim against us, it could adversely affect our businessbusiness.

Our intellectual property rights and disruptproprietary rights may not adequately protect our operations.products.

The threatsOur commercial success will depend substantially on the ability to networkobtain patents and data security are increasingly diverseother intellectual property rights and sophisticated. Despitemaintain adequate legal protection for products in the United States and other countries. We will be able to protect our efforts and processes to prevent breaches, our devices, as well as our servers, computer systems, and those ofintellectual property from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that these assets are covered by valid and enforceable patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property rights, or are effectively maintained as trade secrets. As of the date of this filing, we useown 36 granted United States and foreign patents and 16 pending United States and foreign patent applications. The U.S. patents and patent applications include claims to, among other things, a drone, a printed circuit board, and HMD technology. We apply for patents covering our products, services, technologies, and designs as we deem appropriate. We may fail to apply for patents on important products, services, technologies or designs in a timely fashion, or at all. We do not know whether any of our operationspatent applications will result in the issuance of any patents. Even if patents are vulnerable to cybersecurity risks, including cyber-attacks such as viruses and worms, phishing attacks, denial-of-service attacks, physical or electronic break-ins, employee theft or misuse, and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our servers and computer systems or those of third parties that we use in our operations, which could lead to interruptions, delays, loss of critical data, unauthorized access to user data, and loss of consumer confidence. In addition, we may be the target of email scams that attempt to acquire personal information or company assets. Despite our efforts to create security barriers to such threats, weissued, they may not be ablesufficient to entirely mitigate these risks. Any cyber-attack that attempts to obtain our or our users’ data and assets, disrupt our service, or otherwise access our systems, or those of third parties we use, if successful, could adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition, be expensive to remedy, and damage our reputation. In addition, any such breaches may result in negative publicity, adversely affect our brand, decrease demand forprotect our products, services, technologies, or designs. Our existing and future patents may not be sufficiently broad to prevent others from developing competing products, services technologies, or designs. Intellectual property protection and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

We could lose the services of key management personnelpatent rights outside of the companies thatUnited States are even less predictable. As a result, the validity and enforceability of patents cannot be predicted with certainty. Moreover, we have acquired which could adversely impact our ability to operate and execute our subsidiaries effectively.cannot be certain whether:

In recent years, we have completed four acquisitions which have resulted in a significant expansion in the number of key management personnel and our reliance on them.  Allan Evans, the former President of Fat Shark is now Chief Operating Officer of Red Cat Holdings.  George Matus has remained as President of Teal Drones.  Drew Camden has remained as President of Rotor Riot, LLC.  Giuseppe Santangelo has remained as President of Skypersonic.  Each of these individuals were critical to the founding and growth of their companies prior to their being acquired by Red Cat Holdings.  They have specific knowledge and insight regarding the operations of their respective companies, and the loss of any of them could adversely affect the efficiency of the operations of the related subsidiary.  Our efforts to do so are likely to result in difficulties in effectively growing their businesses and higher operating costs which would adversely impact our operating results.

We must recruit and retain highly trained and experienced employees, especially engineers, in order to succeed in our business.

We will need to hire and retain highly skilled technical personnel as employees and as independent contractors in order to develop our products and grow our business. The competition for highly skilled technical, managerial, and other personnel can be intense. Our recruiting and retention success is substantially dependent upon our ability to offer competitive salaries and benefits to our employees. We must compete with companies that possess greater financial and other resources than we do and that may be more attractive to potential employees and contractors. To be competitive, we may have to increase the compensation, bonuses, stock options and other fringe benefits we offer to employees in order to attract and retain such personnel. The costs of retaining or attracting new personnel may have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. If we fail to attract and retain the technical and managerial personnel required to be successful, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Acquisitions could divert the attention of key personnel, be difficult to integrate, dilute our existing shareholders and adversely impact our financial results.

Since January 2020, we have completed four acquisitions which have significantly increased the scope of our operations and our employee headcount. Acquisitions include a wide range of risks, any of which could hurt our business, including the following:

* difficulties in integrating the operations of a newly acquired company including existing products and contracts, differences in corporate culture, operating systems and other integration issues;

* challenges supporting and transitioning the customers of acquired companies and the loss of any acquired customers will adversely impact our revenues and operating results;

* assumption of known and unknown operating problems and our potential inability to address them in a timely and efficient manner;

* risks of entering new geographic markets where we have no prior experience and are required to gain an understanding of the legal, regulatory, labor and business laws of these new markets;

In addition, there are many financial risks associated with the cost of acquisitions.  If we finance the cost of an acquisition using common stock, then our existing shareholders will be diluted and our stock price could decrease.  If we finance the cost of an acquisition using debt, such financing could include restrictive covenants that restrict our operating and financial flexibility.  If the stock market perceives that we overpaid for the acquisition, then our stock price could decrease.

Our failure to effectively manage growth could harm our business.

We intend to expand the number and types of products we sell. We will need to replace and regularly introduce on a timely basis new products and technologies, enhance existing products, and effectively stimulate customer demand for new products and upgraded or enhanced versions of our existing products.

The replacement and expansion of our products places a significant strain on our management, operations and engineering resources. Specifically, the areas that are strained most by these activities include the following:

Our facilities and information systems and those of our key suppliers could be damaged as a result of disasters or unpredictable events, which could have an adverse effect on our business operations.

We presently have facilities in Puerto Rico, Italy, and in multiple locations in the United States. We also rely on third-party manufacturing plants in the US and Asia and third-party logistics, sales and marketing facilities elsewhere in other parts of the world to provide key components for our products and services. If major disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, tropical storms pandemics, fires, floods, wars, terrorist attacks, computer viruses, transportation disasters or other events occur in any of these locations, or the effect of climate change on any of these factors or our locations, or our information systems or communications network or those of any of our key component suppliers breaks down or operates improperly as a result of such events, our facilities or those of our key suppliers may be seriously damaged, and we may have to stop or delay production and shipment of our products. We may also incur expenses relating to such damages. If production or shipment of our products or components is stopped or delayed or if we incur any increased expenses as a result of damage to our facilities, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

We rely on third-party suppliers, some of which are sole-source suppliers, to provide components for our products which may lead to supply shortages, long lead times for components, and supply changes, any of which could disrupt our supply chain, increase our costs, and adversely impact our operating results

Our ability to meet customer demand depends, in part, on our ability to obtain timely and adequate delivery of components for our products. All of the components that go into our products are sourced from third-party suppliers. Some of the key components used to manufacture our products come from a limited or single source of supply, or by a supplier that could potentially become a competitor. Our contract manufacturers generally purchase these components on our behalf from approved suppliers. We are subject to the risk of shortages and long lead times in the supply of these components and the risk that our suppliers discontinue or modify components used in our products. In addition, the lead times associated with certain components are lengthy and preclude rapid changes in quantities and delivery schedules. We have experienced component shortages, and the availability of these components may be unpredictable in the future.

If we lose access to or experience a significant disruption in the supply of products and components from a supplier, we may be unable to locate alternative suppliers of comparable quality at an acceptable price, or at all, and our business could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, if we experience a significant increase in demand for our products, our suppliers might not have the capacity or elect not to meet our needs as they allocate components to other customers. Developing suitable alternate sources of supply for these components may be time-consuming, difficult and costly, and we may not be able to source these components on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, which may adversely affect our ability to fulfill our orders in a timely or cost-effective manner. Identifying a suitable supplier is an involved process that requires us to become satisfied with the supplier’s quality control, responsiveness and service, financial stability, labor and other ethical practices. If we seek to source materials from new suppliers, there can be no assurance that we could do so in a manner that does not disrupt the manufacture and sale of our products.

Our reliance on single source, or a small number of suppliers involves a number of additional risks, including risks related to supplier capacity constraints, price increases, timely delivery, component quality, failure of a key supplier to remain in business and adjust to market conditions, and natural disasters, fire, acts of terrorism or other catastrophic events, including global pandemics.

Several steps of our manufacturing processes are dependent upon certain critical machines and tools which could result in delivery interruptions and foregone revenues.

We currently have little equipment redundancy in manufacturing locales. If we experience any significant disruption in manufacturing or a serious failure of a critical piece of equipment, we may be unable to supply products to our customers in a timely manner. Interruptions in our manufacturing could be caused by equipment problems, the introduction of new equipment into the manufacturing process or delays in the delivery of new manufacturing equipment. Lead-time for delivery, installation, testing, repair and maintenance of manufacturing equipment can be extensive. We have experienced production interruptions in the past and no assurance can be given that we will not lose potential sales or be able to meet production orders due to future production interruptions in our manufacturing lines.

Our products are subject to lengthy development cycles.

Our products are subject to lengthy product development cycles. The time elapsed between initial sampling of our products, the custom design of our products to meet specific product requirements, and the ultimate incorporation of our products into salable products is significant, often with a duration of between one to two years. If our products fail to meet our customers’ cost, performance, or technical requirements or if unexpected technical challenges arise in the integration of our products into enterprise or consumer markets, then our operating results could be significantly and adversely affected. Long delays in achieving customer qualification and incorporation of our products also could adversely affect our business. Many HMD companies including Fat Shark are introducing digital HMDs which could create shortages of components and provide an opportunity for companies with significantly greater resources than us to accelerate migration to digital products in a manner or timeline which we cannot meet, which could cause us to lose market share and harm our business and prospects. These same risks exist in our Enterprise sector where our competitors include some of the largest defense companies in the world.

We depend on third parties to provide integrated circuit chip sets and other critical components for use in our products.

We do not manufacture the integrated circuit chip sets, optics, micro-displays, backlights, projection engines, printed circuit boards or other electronic components which are used in our products. Instead, we purchase them from third-party suppliers or rely on third-party independent contractors for these integrated circuit chip sets and other critical components, some of which are customized, or custom made for us. We also may use third parties to assemble all or portions of our products. Some of these third-party contractors and suppliers are small companies with limited financial resources. If any of these third-party contractors or suppliers were unable or unwilling to supply these components, our sales and operating results would be adversely impacted. As the availability of components decreases, the cost of acquiring those components ordinarily increases. High growth product categories such as the consumer electronics and mobile phone markets have experienced chronic shortages of components during periods of exceptionally high demand. If we do not properly anticipate the need for or procure critical components, we may pay higher prices for those components, our gross margins may decrease and we may be unable to meet the demands of our customers and end-users, which could reduce our competitiveness, cause a decline in our market share and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

U.S. government contracts are generally not fully funded at inception and may include provisions that are not favorable to us which could adversely impact our cash flows and results of operations

US government contracts often have long lead times for design and development, and can be subject to significant changes in delivery timelines.  Congress normally appropriates funds on its fiscal year basis, and it may not fully fund a program in the same fiscal year.  Depending upon the results of political elections, the actions of Congress can change from one fiscal year to the next.  As a result, we may be required to expend funds to fulfill existing orders, but subsequently have the delivery timeline extended or the order cancelled.  Such results would have an adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations. 

A decline in U.S. government budgets, changes in spending priorities, or delays in contract awards could adversely affect the revenues of our Teal subsidiary.

We presently expect that much of our future revenue growth will be generated by our wholly owned subsidiary, Teal Drones, and that their primary customer is likely to be the U.S. government and its agencies. As a result, our business may be adversely impacted due to changes in the political environment, including those related to changes in the leadership of the current and or future administrations. We cannot provide assurance that the current levels of congressional funding, for defense in general, and for drones specifically, will continue at their current levels or decrease in the future. If annual budget appropriations are not enacted on a timely basis, we could encounter government shutdowns which could adversely impact any existing programs including the timely payment of prior shipments, as well as the receipt of future orders.

Our work for the U.S. government could expose us to security risks.

We expect that an increasing percentage of our revenues will come from the U.S. government and its agencies. This may expose us to numerous security threats, including cyber security attacks on our information technology infrastructure as well as threats to the physical safety of our facilities and our employees. We utilize numerous controls and procedures to monitor and prevent these threats, however, we can provide no assurance that they will be effective. Any improper use of our data, information technology systems or facilities could adversely impact our operations and operating results.

We expect to incur substantial research and development costs and devote significant resources to identifying and commercializing new products and services which could significantly reduce our profitability and may never result in revenue to us.

Our future growth depends on expanding into new markets, adapting existing products to new applications, and introducing new products and services that achieve market acceptance. We plan to incur substantial research and development costs as part of these efforts. We spent $2.6 million, or 41% of our revenue, in our fiscal year ended April 30, 2022, on internal research and development activities. We believe that there are significant investment opportunities in a number of business areas. Because we account for internal research and development as an operating expense, these expenditures will adversely affect our earnings in the future. Further, our research and development programs may not produce successful results, and our new products and services may not achieve market acceptance, create additional revenue or become profitable, which could materially harm our business, prospects, financial results and liquidity.

Our Consumer Segment operates in a highly competitive market and the size, resources, and brand name of its competitors may allow them to compete more effectively than our businesses can which could result in a loss of market share and a decrease in revenues.

The market for drones and head-worn display devices, including FPV HMDs, is highly competitive. Further, we expect competition to intensify in the future as existing competitors introduce new and more competitive offerings alongside their existing products, and as new market entrants introduce new products into our markets. We compete against established, well-known diversified consumer electronics manufacturers such as Samsung, Sony, LG Electronics (LGE), HTC, Lenovo, and large software and other products companies such as Alphabet Inc. (Google), Microsoft, Facebook and Snap. In the FPV drone market, we compete with established, well-known manufacturers such as Epson, Yuneec, Boscam, Eachine, Walkera, SkyZone, MicroLED and DJI. Many of our current competitors have substantial market share, diversified product lines, well-established supply and distribution systems, strong worldwide brand recognition and greater financial, marketing, research, development and other resources than us. In addition, many of our existing and potential competitors enjoy substantial competitive advantages, such as:

• longer operating histories;

• the capacity to leverage their sales efforts and marketing expenditures across a broader portfolio of products; 

• broader distribution and established relationships with channel partners; 

• access to larger, established customer bases and known branding; 

• greater resources to fund research and development and to make acquisitions; 

• larger intellectual property portfolios; and 

• the ability to bundle competitive offerings with other products and services.

Smartphones, tablets, and new wearable devices with larger video display screens and computing power have significantly improved the mobile personal computing experience. In the future, the manufacturers of these devices, such as Apple Inc., Samsung, LGE, Lenovo, Google/Fitbit, Snap, Garmin, Facebook, Microsoft and others may design or develop products similar to ours. In addition, new companies may emerge and offer competitive products. Increased competition may result in pricing pressure and reduced profit margins and may impede our ability to increase the sales of our products. Any of these factors could substantially harm our business and results of operations.

If our Consumer Segment fails to keep pace with changing consumer preferences or technologies, then our business and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

Rapidly changing customer requirements, evolving technologies and industry standards characterize the consumer electronics, wearables, and display industries. To succeed in the consumer marketplace, we seek to enhance existing products and develop and market new products that keep pace with continuing changes in industry standards, requirements, and customer preferences.

Our success depends on our ability to develop new products and to identify trends as well as to anticipate and react to changing customer demands in a timely manner. If we are unable to introduce new products or novel technologies in a timely manner, or new products or technologies are not accepted by customers, then our competitors may introduce more advanced and competitive products which could hurt our competitive position. Our new products might not receive customer acceptance if customer preferences shift to other products, and our future success depends on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. Failure to anticipate and respond in a timely manner to changing customer preferences could lead to, among other things, lost business, lower revenue and excess inventory levels.

If we do not maintain and develop sales channels for products, then our sales could decline, and our operating losses could increase.

We depend upon effective sales channels in reaching the customers who purchase our drone and HMD products. We primarily sell products either from in-house sales teams directly to retail outlets such as hobby shops or through websites and value-added resellers (“VARS”).

Distributors, third-party online resellers and VARs generally offer products from several different manufacturers. Accordingly, these distributors, resellers and VARs may give higher priority to selling other companies’ products. If we were to lose the services of a distributor, online reseller, or VAR, we might need to find a replacement, and there can be no assurance of our ability to do so in a timely manner or on favorable terms. Further, resellers and distributors may build inventories in anticipation of future sales, and if such sales do not occur as rapidly as they anticipate, resellers and distributors will decrease the size of their future product orders. We are also subject to the risks of distributors, resellers and VARs encountering financial difficulties which could impede their effectiveness and also expose us to financial risk. For example, if they are unable to pay for the products they purchase or ongoing disruptions in business, for example from natural disasters or the effects of COVID-19. Any reduction in sales by current distributors or VARs, loss of key distributors and VARs or decrease in revenue from distributors and VARs could adversely affect our revenue, operating results, and financial condition.

• create awareness of brands and products;

• convert consumer awareness into actual product purchases;

• effectively manage marketing costs (including creative and media) in order to maintain acceptable operating margins and return on marketing investment; and

• successfully offer to sell products or license technology to third-party companies for sale.

Planned marketing expenditures are unknown and may not result in increased total sales or generate sufficient levels of product and brand name awareness. We may not be able to manage marketing expenditures on a cost-effective basis.

If HMD’s and pilot gear do not gain greater acceptance in the marketplace, the business strategy may fail.

The acquisition of Fat Shark was based upon the acceptance of HMD wearables for FPV control of drones and the continuation of the attractiveness of that method for piloting drones. Fat Shark has experienced declining revenues over the past several years and such trend may continue or accelerate. Advances in other technologies may overcome their current market limitations and permit them to remain or become more attractive technologies for FPV applications, which could limit the potential market for our products and cause our business strategy to fail. If end-users fail to accept HMDs in the numbers we anticipate or as soon as we anticipate, the sales of our FPV products and our results of operations would be adversely affected, and our business strategy may fail.

There are a number of competing providers of micro-display-based personal display technology, including HMDs, and we may fail to capture a substantial portion of the FPV personal wearable display market.

In addition to competing with other HMD manufacturers and distributors for FPV displays, we also compete with micro-display-based personal display technologies that have been developed by other companies. Numerous start-up companies have announced their intentions to offer HMD products and developer kits in the near future. Further, industry blogs have speculated that companies such as Apple may offer HMDs soon.

Most of our competitors have greater financial, marketing, distribution, and technical resources than we do. Moreover, our competitors may succeed in developing new micro-display-based personal display technologies and products that are more affordable or have more desirable features than our technology. If our products are unable to capture a reasonable portion of the HMD market, our business strategy may fail.

Our dependence on sales to VARs, resellers, and distributors increases the risks of managing our supply chain and may result in excess inventory or inventory shortages.

The majority of our various reseller relationships for our HMD products and their accessories could involve them taking inventory positions and reselling to multiple customers. Under some typical distributor relationships, we would not recognize revenue until the distributors sell the product to their end user customers and receive payment thereon; however, at this time we do not currently enter into these types of arrangements. Our distributor and VAR relationships may reduce our ability to forecast sales and increase risks to our business. Since our distributors and VARs would act as intermediaries between us and the end user customers or resellers, we would be required to rely on our distributors to accurately report inventory levels and production forecasts. This may require us to manage a more complex supply chain and monitor the financial condition and credit worthiness of our distributors and VARs and their major end user customers. Our failure to manage one or more of these risks could result in excess inventory or shortages that could adversely impact our operating results and financial condition.

We do not control our contract manufacturers or suppliers or require them to comply with a formal code of conduct, and actions that they might take could harm our reputation and sales.

We do not control our contract manufacturers or suppliers, including their labor, environmental or other practices, or require them to comply with a formal code of conduct. Though we may seek to conduct periodic visits to some of our contract manufacturers and suppliers, these visits are not frequent or thorough enough to detect non-compliance with applicable laws and good industry practices. A violation of labor, environmental or other laws by our contract manufacturers or suppliers, or a failure of these parties to follow ethical business practices, could lead to negative publicity and harm our reputation. In addition, we may choose to seek alternative manufacturers or suppliers if these violations or failures were to occur. Identifying and qualifying new manufacturers or suppliers can be time consuming and we might not be able to substitute suitable alternatives in a timely manner or at an acceptable cost. Other consumer products companies have faced significant criticism for the actions of their manufacturers and suppliers, and we could face such criticism ourselves. Any of these events could adversely affect our brand, harm our reputation, reduce demand for our products and harm our ability to meet demand if we need to identify alternative manufacturers or suppliers.

Our principal manufacturer of HMDs is located in China and is owned by a related party which could create conflicts of interest.

Fat Shark has historically made purchases and sales of products and supplies for FPV and HMD products from and sold through three companies owned by the spouse of Greg French. Greg French was the former owner of Fat Shark and is presently a consultant to the Company. These companies are Direct FPV Ltd. (China), Shenzhen FatShark Co., Ltd (China) and Zeng Linghao (China). As a result, these business activities have and may, in the future, be subject to influences and may provide such parties with conflicts of interest and business opportunities that may not be subject to reasonable assessment and may not be available to Fat Shark or to the Company. These persons may also face a conflict in selecting between Fat Shark and their other business interests. We have not formulated a policy for the resolution of such conflicts. These entities are not subject to restrictions on competition with Fat Shark or the Company.

Our management has voting control of the Company.

Jeffrey Thompson, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, owns approximately 23% of our common stock and our current officers and directors currently own approximately 31% of our common stock. In addition, the founder of Fat Shark owns approximately 7% of our issued and outstanding common stock. If they act together, they will be able to influence the outcome of all corporate actions requiring approval of our shareholders, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions which may result in corporate actions that other stockholders do not agree with. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Our failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could have an adverse impact on the Company.

We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting. Failure to establish and maintain those controls could adversely impact public disclosures regarding our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, management’s assessment of internal controls over financial reporting may identify weaknesses and conditions that need to be addressed which may raise concerns for investors. Any actual or perceived weaknesses and conditions that need to be addressed in our internal control over financial reporting, disclosure of management’s assessment of our internal controls, or disclosure of our public accounting firm’s attestation to our internal controls over financial reporting may have an adverse impact on the price of our Common Stock.

We have never paid dividends and we do not expect to pay dividends for the foreseeable future

We have reported net losses every year since inception. We intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business. If we ever become profitable, we do not expect to pay cash dividends on shares of our common stock in the foreseeable future. The payment of future cash dividends, if any, depend upon, among other things, conditions then existing including earnings, financial condition and capital requirements, restrictions in financing agreements, business opportunities and other factors. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock, will be the sole source of gain for investors for the foreseeable future.

The listing of our securities on Nasdaq subject us to additional regulations and compliance requirements.

We are required to maintain compliance with the continued listing standards of Nasdaq. These include certain financial and liquidity criteria to maintain such listing. If we fail to meet any of Nasdaq’s listing standards, our securities may be delisted. Nasdaq requires that the trading price of its listed stocks remain above one dollar in order for the stock to remain listed. If a listed stock trades below one dollar for more than 30 consecutive trading days, then it is subject to delisting from Nasdaq. In addition, we must satisfy minimum financial and other continued listing requirements and standards, including those regarding director and committee independence requirements, minimum stockholders’ equity, and certain corporate governance requirements. If we are unable to satisfy these requirements or standards, we could be subject to delisting which would have a negative effect on the price of our common stock and would impair an investor’s ability to sell or purchase our common stock. In the event of a delisting, we would expect to take actions to restore our compliance with the listing requirements, but we can provide no assurance that any such action would allow our common stock to become listed again, stabilize the market price, improve the liquidity of our common stock, or prevent future non-compliance with the listing requirements. A delisting of our securities from Nasdaq may materially impair our stockholders’ ability to buy and sell our securities and could have an adverse effect on the market price of, and the efficiency of the trading market for, our securities.

Our Board of Directors may authorize and issue shares of new classes of stock that could adversely affect current holders of our common stock.

Our Board of Directors has the power to authorize and issue shares of classes of stock, including preferred stock that have voting powers, designations, preferences, limitations and special rights, including preferred distribution rights, conversion rights, redemption rights and liquidation rights without further shareholder approval. These powers could adversely affect the rights of the holders of our common stock. In addition, our board could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stock or that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing common stockholders.

Any of these actions could significantly adversely affect the investment made by holders of our common stock. In addition, holders of our common stock could receive less proceeds in connection with any future sale of the Company, in liquidation or on any other basis.

Our shares will be subordinate to all of our debts and liabilities which increases the risk that investors could lose their entire investment.

Our shares of common stock are equity interests that will be subordinate to all of our current and future indebtedness with respect to claims on our assets. In any liquidation, all of our debts and liabilities must be paid before any payment is made to our shareholders.

The market price of our shares of common stock is subject to fluctuation.

The market prices of our shares may fluctuate significantly in response to a wide range of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

Recently, the stock market, in general, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. Continued market fluctuations could result in extreme market volatility in the price of our shares of common stock which could cause a decline in the value of our shares.

Future capital raises may dilute our existing stockholders’ ownership and adversely impact the fair value of their investment.

If we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our existing stockholders’ percentage ownership may decrease, and these stockholders may experience substantial dilution. If we raise additional funds by issuing debt instruments, these debt instruments could impose significant restrictions on our operations including liens on our assets. If we raise additional funds through collaborations and licensing arrangements, we may be required to relinquish some rights to our technologies or products, or to grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us or could diminish the rights of our stockholders. Any of these developments could adversely impact our stock price.

Risks Related to Covid-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted, and poses risks to, our business, results of operations and financial condition, the nature and extent of which are highly uncertain and unpredictable.

The global spread of COVID-19 is having, and will continue to have, an adverse impact on our operations, sales and delivery and supply chains.  Many countries including the United States have implemented measures such as quarantine, shelter-in-place, curfew, travel restrictions and similar isolation measures, including government orders and other restrictions on the conduct of business operations.  It remains uncertain what impact the pandemic will have on our ability to generate sales and customer interest even once conditions begin to improve.   The COVID-19 pandemic has also impacted our supply chain as we have experienced disruptions or delays in shipments of certain materials or components of our products. Prices of our supplies have also increased as a result of the pandemic. Accordingly, COVID-19 has negatively affected our business. Given the rapid and evolving nature of the virus, it is uncertain how materially COVID-19 will affect our operations generally if these impacts persist, worsen or re-emerge over an extended period of time.

Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic caused significant volatility and uncertainty in U.S. and international markets, which may result in a prolonged economic downturn. A disruption of financial markets may reduce our ability to access capital and increase the cost of doing so.  There are no assurances that the credit markets or the capital markets will be available to us in the future or that financing will be available.

We cannot reasonably estimate the length or severity of the COVID-19 pandemic or the related response, or the extent to which the disruption may continue to impact our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Ultimately, the COVID-19 pandemic could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

The Company has the following operating leases for real estate locations where it operates:

These lease agreements have remaining terms up to 5.084.08 years, excluding options to extend certain leases for up to 5 years.

The weighted average remaining lease term as of April 30, 20222023 was 3.282.40 years. The Company used a discount rate of 12% to calculate its lease liability at April 30, 2022.2023. Future lease payment obligations at April 30, 20222023 were as follows: