UNITED STATES
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 19342020For the transition period from toFor the transition period from to , Michigan(248)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:None.
Large | Accelerated filer |
| Non-accelerated filer | Smaller reporting company☐ | ||||||||
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| Emerging growth company ☐ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻o
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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on our Business
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic across the globe adversely impacted each of our markets and the global economy leading to disruptions to our business during 2020. Governmental authorities have taken countermeasures to slow the outbreak, including shelter-in-place orders, restrictions on travel, and government-funded assistance programs to individuals and businesses. The shelter-in-place orders and resulting business closures severely and negatively impacted our results, in particular in the second quarter of 2020. While the COVID-19 pandemic continues in all of our markets, as these orders lapsed and businesses reopened, we experienced improved business conditions and improved financial results in the third and fourth quarters of 2020, primarily driven by our cost cutting measures and increased gross profit on vehicles sold.
In response to shelter-in-place orders resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, many of our automotive and commercial vehicle showrooms experienced temporary closures during 2020. During the fourth quarter of 2020 and continuing into 2021, in response to increased incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic, certain parts of the U.K. reinstated shelter-in-place orders which have required our dealerships to close. We continue to conduct sales through our online “Click & Collect” program, which allows vehicle sales without showroom access. If shelter-in-place orders are extended or additional restrictions are enacted that require our dealerships to close, we may be adversely impacted. Nearly all of our service, parts, and collision center departments remained open during the crisis, and curbside or home delivery offerings supplemented our traditional service offerings, where available. We modified certain business practices to conform to government restrictions and best practices encouraged by governmental and regulatory authorities. We continue to offer sales activity by appointment and through our e-commerce channels. In all of our locations, we implemented enhanced cleaning procedures, enforced social distancing guidelines, and took other precautions to maintain the health and safety of our employees and customers. We continue to experience interim business closures at some of our facilities in response to a customer or employee reporting a positive test result for COVID-19. When we become aware of such result, we notify appropriate personnel and deep clean our facility, which may include closure of that facility. We also are experiencing increased costs for providing the appropriate level of safety equipment for our facilities, employees, and customers, as well as increased costs for daily and enhanced deep cleaning when appropriate.
Most of our manufacturer partners began suspending production beginning in late March 2020, and production disruptions resulted in lower inventory levels, in particular for new vehicles and limited inventory of certain models. Our manufacturer partners began providing us with additional incentive support in March 2020, and our manufacturer and lending partners have provided support to retail customers, such as increased incentives, payment deferrals, as well as 0% financing on certain vehicles and term lengths. While production has improved, the level of new vehicle inventory remains well below historical levels, which has contributed to increased gross profit on vehicles sold.
We believe that business disruption relating to the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to negatively impact the global economy and may materially affect our businesses and results of operations. The situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is highly fluid and rapidly evolving, and while we continue to adjust our operations to conform to regulatory changes and consumer preferences in the evolving environment, we cannot anticipate with any certainty the length, scope, or severity of the business impact from the pandemic in each of the jurisdictions that we operate.
Refer to the “COVID-19 Disclosure” in Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for additional information.
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We also operate seventeen Used Vehicle SuperCenters
During 2020, we disposed of seventeen retail automotive franchises: thirteenfour CarShop dealerships in the U.K, threeU.K. and two CarShop dealerships in the U.S., representing a 35% increase in locations compared to 2020.
the greater Tokyo area of Japan representing BMW, MINI, Rolls-Royce, Ferrari, and ALPINA, which resulted in ten retail automotive dealerships being consolidated in our financial statements beginning in the fourth quarter of 2021. Retail automotive dealerships represented 87.7%88.1% of our total revenues and 87.3%87.2% of our total gross profit in 2020.
2021.
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The following graphics show the percentage of our total retail automotive dealership revenues by product area and their respective contribution to our retail automotive gross profit:
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Retail Commercial Truck Dealership.We operate a heavy and medium duty truck dealership group known as Premier Truck Group (“PTG”), a heavy- and medium-duty truck dealership group offering primarily Freightliner and Western Star branded trucks (both Daimler brands) with 31 locations in Texas, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Georgia, Utah, Idaho,nine U.S. states and Canada. Assix locations in the Canadian province of December 31, 2020, PTG operated twenty-five locations. PTG also offers a full range ofOntario which sell new and used trucks, available for sale as well asparts and service, and parts departments, providing a full range of maintenance andcollision repair services.
In 2021, we acquired Kansas City Freightliner (“KCFL”), a retailer of heavy- and medium-duty commercial trucks in Kansas and Missouri. KCFL added four full-service dealerships, four parts and service centers, and two collision centers to PTG’s operations. We also acquired McCoy Freightliner, a retailer of heavy- and medium-duty commercial trucks in Oregon, which added two full-service dealerships and a remarketing center to PTG's operations. This business represented 10.1%9.6% of our total revenues and 8.8%9.4% of our total gross profit in 2020.
2021.
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Penske Australia. We are Penske Australia is the exclusive importer and distributor of Western Star heavy-duty trucks (a Daimler Truck brand), MAN heavyheavy- and medium dutymedium-duty trucks and buses (a VW Group brand), and Dennis Eagle refuse
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Penske Australia offers products across the on- and off-highway markets, including in the construction, mining, marine, defense, and power generation, defense, marine, rail, and construction sectors and supports full parts and aftersales service through a network of branches, field service locations, and dealers across the region.
These businesses represented 2.2%2.3% of our total revenues and 3.9%3.4% of our total gross profit in 2020.
2021.
Penske Transportation Solutions. We hold a 28.9% ownership interest in Penske Truck Leasing Co., L.P (“PTL”). PTL is owned 41.1% by Penske Corporation, 28.9% by us, and 30.0% by Mitsui & Co., Ltd. (“Mitsui”). We account for our investment in PTL under the equity method, and we therefore record our share of PTL’s earnings on our statements of income under the caption “Equity in earnings of affiliates,” which also includes the results of our other equity method investments. Penske Transportation Solutions (“PTS”) is the universal brand name for PTL’s various business lines through which it is capable of meeting customers’ needs across the supply chain with a broad product offering that includes full-service truck leasing, truck rental, and contract maintenance along with logistic services, such as dedicated contract carriage, distribution center management, transportation management, lead logistics provider services, and dry van truckload carrier services. We recorded $164.5$365.8 million in equity earnings from this investment in 2020.
2021.
2020 &In 2021, Key Developments
Retail Automotive Franchised Dealership Acquisitions and Dispositions. In 2020, we disposed of seventeen retail automotive franchises, which represented approximately $450.0 million in annualized revenue. Of the franchises disposed of, thirteen represented franchises in the U.K, three represented franchises in the U.S., and one represented a franchise in Germany. In 2020, we also acquired the remaining 8.2% interest in one of our former retail automotive joint ventures in Aachen, Germany.
Digital and Online Sales. We continue to expand and enhance our digital and online sales platforms. In the U.S., we offer “Preferred Purchase”, a pressure-free and flexible way to personalize payments, value a trade-in vehicle, secure a vehicle, and select protection products from all of our dealerships. We also list all of our U.S. automotive inventory on PenskeCars.com. In the U.K., we offer “Buy Online” for all of our used inventory which allows customers the flexibility to purchase a vehicle from home. In addition, we offer “Click & Collect” which allows a customer to purchase a vehicle even if our showroom is closed. We currently have over 50,000 vehicles online for sale across our network. For service, we offer online scheduling, as well as online payments, to streamline the dealership service experience.
Long-Term Debt. During 2020, we reduced our long-term debt by approximately $670 million, including $600 million of senior subordinated notes and $70 million of other long-term debt. We repaid in full, at scheduled maturity, our $300 million 3.75% senior subordinated notes and redeemed our $300 million 5.375% senior subordinated notes due in 2024. We also redeemed our $550 million 5.75% senior subordinated notes due 2022 with the proceeds of the newly issued $550 million in aggregate principal amount 3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025.
Expansion of Used Vehicle SuperCenters. During 2020, we opened one Used Vehicle SuperCenter in Nottingham, United Kingdom. The Nottingham SuperCenter is expected to retail 6,000 units per year. For the year ended December 31, 2020, our Used Vehicle SuperCenters generated $1.0 billion in revenue and $150.7 million in gross profit.
Stockholder Dividends and Stock Repurchases.In May 2020, our Board of Directors temporarily suspended our cash dividend. On October 14, 2020, we announced the reinstatement of our cash dividend in the amount of $0.42 per share. Our latest declared dividend is $0.43 per share payable March 1, 2021, to stockholders of record as of February 10, 2021, which represents a dividend yield of 2.7% using our January 25, 2021, closing stock price. We repurchased 1,027,736 shares of our common stock in 2020 for $34.4 million, which, together with quarterly dividends, represents a return to stockholders of approximately $102.5 million. As of December 31, 2020, our remaining share repurchase authorization was $170.6 million.
Company and Dealership Awards. In 2019,the lastyear we participated,thirty-three of our dealerships were named to the Automotive News Top 100 Dealerships to Work For in the United States. In 2019 and 2018, a Penske dealership was ranked #1 in the United States in the Automotive News survey. We did not participate in the survey in 2020 due to COVID-19 related concerns Additionally, in January 2021, we were named one of the “World’s Most Admired Companies” by Fortune Magazine. We believe these awards reflect our ongoing commitment to our valuable
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dealership employees, which enhances customer satisfaction and may result in improved sales over time. In the U.K. in 2018, we were named “Dealer Group of the Year” by both Automotive Management and Motor Trader magazines, consolidating our position as the UK's largest dealer group. In 2019, our U.K. operations were named by Glassdoor as the 14th best place to work. We were not only the highest ranked business in the automotive sector, but Sytner Group Limited, a consolidated subsidiary, was also the top-rated retailer ahead of other large national businesses.
Outlook
Retail Automotive Dealership. In 2020, U.S.industry new light vehicle sales decreased 14.4%increased 3.3%, as compared to 2019,2020, to 14.715.1 million units, with a decrease of 9.7% in sales of trucks, crossovers, and sport utility vehicles and a decrease of 26.4% in sales of passenger cars. units. We believe the year over year declines are significantlyincrease in overall sales in the U.S. is primarily attributable to improved consumer confidence and a stronger economy as compared to the same time last year at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic when shelter-in-place rules limited operations in many states, offset by a lower inventorysupply of new vehicles available for sale as vehicle production by the manufacturers was impacted due to plant shutdowns relateddisruptions in the supply chain as discussed below. These factors also contributed to higher vehicle gross profit on both new and used vehicles sold, which, coupled with cost cutting measures enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and other effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite these declines, we have experiencedresulted in improved profitability and earnings in 2020 when compared to last year due to inventory being well below historical levels, which contributed to increased gross profit, in addition to our cost cutting measures.and earnings. According to the National Automobile Dealers Association, sales for the U.S. light vehicle market are expected to increase by approximately 7.2% in 2021grow to a range of 15.2 to 15.5 million units in 20212022 compared to a 15.1 million market in 2021..
Recently, many
higher sales volumes.
In response to2021, the U.K.’s exit from reinstated shelter-in-place orders which required our dealership showrooms to remain closed. These shelter-in-place orders largely expired on April 12, 2021, and most of the European Union (“Brexit”), the U.K. and the European Union reached a trade agreement in December 2020 providing an opportunity for tariff-free and quota-free trade. remaining restrictions expired on July 19, 2021.
U.K. sales were also negatively affectedimpacted by the uncertainty of residual values, potentially higher taxes on diesel-powered vehicles, and consumer confusionuncertainty about low emission zones as the U.K. and Western European countries consider the ramifications of diesel engines on the environment, while also providing government incentives on certain electric vehicles. Representatives of the U.K. government suggestedhave proposed a ban on the sale of gasoline engines in new cars and new vans that would take effect as early as 2030 and a ban on the sale of gasoline hybrid engines in new cars and new vans as early as 2035. Sales of diesel-powered vehicles decreased 55.0%,48.1% and non-diesel vehicles decreased 20.8%increased 10.4% during 2020,2021, as compared to 2019. Premium/luxury unit sales, which account for over 93% of our U.K. new unit sales, decreased 27.8% in 2020, as compared to a 29.4% decline for the overall market. According to the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, U.K. new vehicle registrations are expected to increase by approximately 15.7% to 1.9 million units in 2021. However, in response to increased incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic, certain parts of the U.K. reinstated shelter-in-place orders in 2021 which have required our dealerships to close. We continue to conduct sales through our online “Click & Collect” program, which allows vehicle sales without showroom access. If shelter-in-place orders are extended or additional restrictions are enacted that require our dealerships to close, we may be adversely impacted.
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Retail Commercial Truck Dealership. In 2020,2021, North American sales of Class 6-8 medium and heavy-duty trucks, the principal vehicles for our PTG business, decreased 29.6%increased 11.8% from the same period last year to 358,050400,381 units. The Class 6-7 medium-duty truck market decreased 28.6%increased 3.9% from last year to 124,818129,648 units, and Class 8 heavy-duty trucks, the largest North American market, decreased 30.1%increased 16.1% from last year to 233,232 units from the same period last year.270,733 units. The Class 8 heavy-duty truck sales aremarket in North America is expected to increase approximately 25%12.0% in 20212022 to approximately 290,000298,000 units according to data published by ACT Research. Any significant decline in North American retail salesThe forecasted increase is driven by expected strong freight demand, an improving economy, and replacement demand. The lower supply of new commercial trucks contributed to higher truck gross profit on both new and used commercial trucks sold. We expect lower inventories of new commercial trucks and parts disruptions to continue into 2022 until the supply of certain components used to manufacture commercial trucks improves. When the supply of commercial trucks improves, we may materiallyexperience reduced new and adversely affect our retailused commercial truck dealerships.gross profit per unit together with higher sales volumes.
Commercial Vehicle Distribution. Our Penske Australia distribution business operates principally in the Australian and New Zealand heavy and medium-duty truck markets. In 2020,2021, the Australian heavy-duty truck market reported sales of 10,61512,999 units, representing a decreasean increase of 16.6%22.4% from the same period last year, while the New Zealand market reported sales of 2,6653,118 units, representing a decreasean increase of 24.5%17.0% from the same period last year. The brands we represent in Australia hold a 4.3% market share in the Australian heavy-duty truck market and a 2.6% market share in New Zealand. We expect the commercial vehicle and power systems market to remain resilient in 20212022 and continuing benefits from sales of replacement or upgraded engines.
Penske Transportation Solutions. PTS services have been largely deemed essential by governmental authorities during the COVID-19 pandemic, and aA majority of the PTS business is generated by multi-year contracts for full-service leasing, contract maintenance, and logistics services. WeAs retail sales for Class 6-8 medium- and heavy-duty trucks are forecasted to increase in 2022, we expect continued resilient performance in 20212022 as PTS has experienced increased levels of utilization and profitability as business conditions remain strong. We expect continued demand from businesses for PTS if the rates during the COVID-19 pandemic remain moderate and shelter-in-place orders are not reinstated.
Refer to the “COVID-19 Disclosure” in “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”rental trucks, as well as returning demand for further discussion on the impact of COVID-19.
consumer rental trucks, which will drive strong operating results.
As discussed in “ItemItem 1A. Risk Factors”, there are a number of factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations.expectations, including those associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. For a detailed discussion of our financial and operating results, see “PartPart II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Operations.
Long-Term
$194.3 million in repurchase authorization remaining under the repurchase program as of December 31, 2021 and February 8, 2022, respectively.
During 2021, we refinanced our senior subordinated notes with $500 million of 3.75% senior subordinated notes due in 2029, generating interest savings. We also reduced our long-term debt by approximately $216 million in 2021.
We operate
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Diversification
Our business benefits from a diversified revenue and gross profit mix, including multiple revenue and gross profit streams in our traditional vehicle and commercial truck dealerships (new vehicles, used vehicles, finance and insurance, and service and parts operations), our commercial vehicle distribution and power systems operations, and returns relating to our joint venture investments, which we believe helps to mitigate the cyclicality that has historically impacted some elements of the automotive sector.
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| Retail | | Retail Commercial | | | | | Non-Automotive | | Intersegment | | | |
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| | Automotive | | Truck |
| Other | | Investments | | Elimination | | Total |
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Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2020 | | $ | 17,928.8 | | $ | 2,060.9 | | $ | 454.2 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 20,443.9 | |
2019 | |
| 20,615.8 | | $ | 2,050.5 | | $ | 513.1 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 23,179.4 | |
Segment income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2020 | | $ | 443.4 | | $ | 78.2 | | $ | 21.4 | | $ | 164.6 | | $ | — | | $ | 707.6 | |
2019 | |
| 339.9 | | $ | 86.5 | | $ | 22.8 | | $ | 142.3 | | $ | — | | $ | 591.5 | |
Diversification Through Franchised Dealership Operations. Within our franchised automotive dealership operations, we represent more than 35 brands and operate across 21 statesthe U.S. and internationally. One of the unique attributes of our operations versus our peers is our diversification outside the U.S., with dealer operations across seven countries.
The following table shows our consolidated revenues by country and by state in the U.S. as a percentage of our total revenue:
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Diversification Through Used Vehicle SuperCenters.Our Used Vehicle SuperCentersCarShop used vehicle dealerships in the U.S. and U.K., complement and provide more diversification to our retail automotive operations and provide scalable opportunities across our market areas.During 2020, we opened one Used Vehicle SuperCenter in Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Diversification Through Retail Commercial Truck Dealership. Our Furthermore, PTG provides diversification both by business provides more diversification toline and by its business being represented across the U.S. and the Canadian province of Ontario. Finally, our overall business model and allows us to bring our automotive dealership expertise to the retail commercial truck market. Operations in Canada, in addition to our U.S. locations, further diversifies our revenue stream.
Diversification Through Penske Transportation Solutions. We currently hold a 28.9% ownership interest in PTS provides us additional diversification as well as equity earnings, cash dividends, and significant tax savings.
Country | % of Total 2021 Revenue | % of Total 2021 Gross Profit | ||||||||||||
United States | 60 | % | 64 | % | ||||||||||
United Kingdom | 31 | % | 27 | % | ||||||||||
Germany/Italy | 5 | % | 4 | % | ||||||||||
Japan | 1 | % | 1 | % | ||||||||||
Canada | 1 | % | 1 | % | ||||||||||
Australia/New Zealand | 2 | % | 3 | % |
Offer Outstanding Brands in Premium Facilities and Superior Customer Service
We offer outstanding brands through premium facilities as we believe offering our customers a superior customer service experience will generate repeat and referral business and will help to foster a loyal and dedicated customer base.
brand. We sell over 35 brands in our markets and our automotive dealership revenue mix consists of 71% related to premium brands, 22%21% related to volume non-U.S. brands, 1% related to brands of U.S. based manufacturers, and 6%7% related to our Used Vehicle SuperCenters. We believe our brand mix will offer us the opportunity to generate same-store growth, including higher margin service and parts sales. The following chart reflects our percentage of total retail automotive dealership revenue by brand:
Where advantageous, we aggregate our automotiveCarShop used vehicle dealerships in a campus setting in order to build a destination location for our customers, which we believe helps to drive increased customer traffic to each of the brands at the location. This strategy also creates an opportunity to reduce personnel expenses, consolidate advertising and administrative expenses, and leverage operating expenses.
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Our PTG dealerships provide a similar suite of services as our automotive dealerships, and PTG is committed to providing outstanding brands and superior customer service. We believe our ability to repair trucks by providing around-the-clock service in certain locations, coupled with modern conveniences for the comfort of our customers while their trucks are being repaired, will generate repeat and referral business and will help to foster a loyal and dedicated customer base.
Expand Revenues at Existing Locations and Increase Higher-Margin Businesses
Increase Same-Store Sales. We believe our emphasis on a premium brand mix, superior customer service, and premium facilities will contribute to increases in same-store sales over time.
Grow Finance, Insurance, and Other Aftermarket Revenues. Each sale of a vehicle provides us the opportunity to assist in arranging financing for the sale of a vehicle, to sell the customer an extended service contract or other insurance product, and to sell aftermarket products, such as security systems and protective coatings. Where possible, we attempt to vertically integrate with the captive finance companies of the manufacturers we represent and to supplement these offerings with preferred lenders as necessary. In order to improve our finance and insurance business, we focus on enhancing training programs and implementing process improvements which we believe will improve our overall revenues. We implemented docuPAD® at our U.S. dealerships, an interactive tool designed to improve document processing and menu presentation of finance and insurance options, which we have expanded to use with remote sales. We expect docuPAD® to create a more consistent process for our dealerships, improve customer experience, yield higher finance and insurance revenue, improve compliance, and reduce the need for printed copies and paper storage.
Expand Service and Parts and Collision Repair Revenues. Today’s vehicles are increasingly complex and require sophisticated equipment and specially trained technicians to perform certain services. Additionally, many manufacturers today are offering maintenance programs packaged with the vehicle sale. These programs require customers to have the service work performed at a factory-authorized dealership. Unlike independent service shops, our dealerships are authorized to perform this work under warranties provided by manufacturers. Additionally, we offer maintenance programs for sale through our dealerships. We believe that our brand mix and the complexity of today’s vehicles, combined with our investment in expanded service facilities, including the addition of a significant number of incremental service bays in recent years, and our focus on customer service, will contribute to increases in our service and parts revenue. We also offer rapid repair services, such as paint-less dent repair, headlight reconditioning, wheel repairs, tire sales, seat sales for our retail commercial truck operations, and windshield replacement at most of our facilities in order to offer our customers the convenience of one-stop shopping for all of their vehicle requirements.
Grow Organically and Through Strategic Acquisitions
We believe that attractive retail automotive acquisition opportunities exist for well-capitalized dealership groups with experience in identifying, acquiring, and integrating dealerships. The highly fragmented automotive retail market in both the U.S. and the U.K. provides us with significant growth opportunities in our markets. We generally seek to acquire dealerships with high-growth automotive brands in highly concentrated or growing demographic areas that will benefit from our management expertise, manufacturer relations, and scale of operations as well as smaller, single location dealerships that can be effectively integrated into our existing operations. Over time, we have also been awarded new franchises from various manufacturers.
We also seek to grow our business organically, including by opening additional Used Vehicle SuperCentersfurther detailed in the U.S. and the U.K. During 2020, we opened one Used Vehicle SuperCenter in Nottingham, United Kingdom.
We also believe there are attractive retail commercial truck acquisition opportunities in the highly fragmented North America Commercial Truck Market. We see continued growth in the brands we represent and believe there are opportunities for us to continue to make strategic acquisitions over time. While we did not have any acquisitions in 2020, our Premier Truck Group subsidiary acquired Warner Truck Centers, a retailer of Freightliner and Western Star medium and heavy-duty commercial trucks located in Utah and Idaho, in 2019. Warner Truck Centers consist of six dealership locations and generated approximately $669.2 million of revenue in 2020.
Enhance Customer Satisfaction
Maintaining high levels of superior customer service is key to our business model. We strive to deliver a positive, valuable experience at every touchpoint to ensure the highest level of customer satisfaction. By offering outstanding
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brands in premium facilities, “one-stop” shopping convenience in our aggregated facilities, and a well-trained and knowledgeable staff, we aim to forge lasting relationships, from first contact to becoming a satisfied and loyal customer.
Reputation management is one of our most powerful marketing tools. We proactively monitor online reputation management sites, including Google, Facebook, Yelp, among others, to enhance our online presence, build loyalty, gain a better understanding of our customers’ needs, attract top talent, and ultimately drive sales. Our reputation management strategy in actively monitoring and responding quickly to customer reviews is crucial for maintaining a positive online reputation.
Digital Initiatives
We are focused on executing a comprehensive multi-channel digital strategy with emphasis on customization, personalization, and creating a connection with our customers. We striveendeavor to build and optimize our presence across all digital platforms toand deliver a seamless, convenient, and transparent experience that gives customers the ability to purchase, sell, or schedule service for their vehicles on their terms.
Each
curbside or home delivery.
Wealso promote our U.S. and U.K. automotive retail new and pre-owned vehicle inventory online through PenskeCars.com, Sytner.co.uk, agnewcars.com, CarSense.com,Agnewcars.com, CarShop.com, and CarShop.co.uk. TheThese websites are designed to streamline the car-buying process and allow consumers to view and compare over 50,000nearly 40,000 new, certified, and pre-owned vehicles. These sites, togetheralong with our dealership websites, provide consumers a simple way to view extensive vehicle information, including photos, prices, promotions, videos, and third-party vehicle history reports for pre-owned vehicles, schedule service appointments online 24/7, and use our digital tools to customize their vehicle purchase through our Preferred Purchase process in the U.S. and Click & Collect in the U.K. Customers may access vehicle inventory, locate or contact a dealership, explore payments, get instant trade offers, apply for financing and even schedule service, all at their convenience. We also use social media as a cost-effective way to engage with our customers, enhance brand visibility, and generate customer leads. By choosing a specific audience using a range of demographic tools, our dealerships are able to reach targeted potential customers effectively and efficiently. Connecting with our customers at a more personal level allows for trust, transparency, and loyalty.
Preferred Purchase is our digital retailing solution for U.S. dealerships that provides transparency and a self-directed experience. This tool provides a digital buying process that brought much of the car buying experience online including trade-value, pricing, leasing, and financing options with customized payments. Customers can add insurance and protection products to their purchase, evaluate manufacturer and lender incentive programs, and pre-qualify for credit all online. Customers value the tool, but many still prefer to educate themselves at home and finish the transaction at the dealership to test drive the vehicle and take delivery in person.
We have modified the tool to accommodate all buying behaviors. Preferred Purchase provides “Flexible Car Buying” and can serve a customer wherever they are at in their buying journey, whether they want to evaluate payment options or complete their purchase 100% online through a secure link where they can sign documents digitally and arrange for curbside or home delivery.
purchase.
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Environmental Sustainability — Electric Vehicles
. Our dealerships sell and service vehicles that are engineered and manufactured by over 35 of the world’s automotive OEMs, including pure electric vehicles (“EVs”). EVs can reduce the emissions that contribute to climate change and smog, improve public health and reduce ecological damage.
Retail Automotive Franchises. We routinely acquire and dispose of retail automotive franchises. The following table exhibits our retail automotive franchises by location and manufacturer as of December 31, 2020:
2021:
Location | Franchises | Franchises | U.S. | Non-U.S. | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arizona | 26 | BMW/MINI | 23 | 48 | 71 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arkansas | 4 | Toyota/Lexus | 24 | — | 24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
California | 28 | Mercedes-Benz/Sprinter/smart | 18 | 22 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Connecticut | 9 | Audi/Volkswagen/Bentley | 16 | 38 | 54 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Florida | 3 | Chrysler/Jeep/Dodge/Fiat/Alfa Romeo | 3 | — | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Georgia | 4 | Honda/Acura | 19 | — | 19 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indiana | 2 | Ferrari/Maserati | 2 | 13 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maryland | 2 | Porsche | 9 | 11 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Michigan | 1 | Jaguar/Land Rover | 14 | 19 | 33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Minnesota | 2 | Lamborghini | 1 | 5 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New Jersey | 24 | Nissan/Infiniti | 3 | — | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
North Carolina | 2 | Cadillac/Chevrolet | 4 | — | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ohio | 7 | Others | 10 | 18 | 28 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Puerto Rico | 4 | Total | 146 | 174 | 320 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rhode Island | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tennessee | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Texas | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Virginia | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wisconsin | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total U.S. | 146 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.K. | 122 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Germany | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italy | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japan | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Non-U.S. | 174 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Worldwide | 320 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Location |
| Franchises |
| Franchises |
| U.S. |
| Non-U.S. |
| Total |
Arizona |
| 26 |
| BMW/MINI |
| 22 |
| 41 |
| 63 |
Arkansas |
| 4 |
| Toyota/Lexus |
| 24 |
| — |
| 24 |
California |
| 28 |
| Mercedes-Benz/Sprinter/smart |
| 16 |
| 24 |
| 40 |
Connecticut |
| 9 |
| Audi/Volkswagen/Bentley |
| 16 |
| 38 |
| 54 |
Florida |
| 3 |
| Chrysler/Jeep/Dodge/Fiat/Alfa Romeo |
| 3 |
| — |
| 3 |
Georgia |
| 4 |
| Honda/Acura |
| 19 |
| — |
| 19 |
Indiana |
| 2 |
| Ferrari/Maserati |
| 2 |
| 11 |
| 13 |
Maryland |
| 2 |
| Porsche |
| 8 |
| 11 |
| 19 |
Minnesota |
| 2 |
| Jaguar/Land Rover |
| 14 |
| 17 |
| 31 |
New Jersey |
| 24 |
| Lamborghini |
| 1 |
| 5 |
| 6 |
Ohio |
| 7 |
| Nissan/Infiniti |
| 3 |
| — |
| 3 |
Puerto Rico |
| 4 |
| Cadillac/Chevrolet |
| 4 |
| — |
| 4 |
Rhode Island |
| 8 |
| Others |
| 10 |
| 15 |
| 25 |
Tennessee |
| 1 | | Total |
| 142 |
| 162 |
| 304 |
Texas |
| 10 |
| | | | | | | |
Virginia |
| 6 | | | | | | | | |
Wisconsin |
| 2 | | | | | | | | |
Total U.S. |
| 142 | | | | | | | | |
U.K. |
| 120 | | | | | | | | |
Germany |
| 21 | | | | | | | | |
Italy |
| 21 | | | | | | | | |
Total Non-U.S. |
| 162 | | | | | | | | |
Total Worldwide |
| 304 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Retail Automotive CarShop Used Vehicle SuperCenters.Dealerships. The following table exhibits the Used Vehicle SuperCentersCarShop used vehicle dealerships we currently operate by geographic location:
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Location | Number of Dealerships | |||||||
U.S. |
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Total | 23 |
New Vehicle Retail Sales. In 2020,2021, we retailed 178,437195,384 new vehicles which generated 45.1%43.7% of our retail automotive dealership revenue and 23.5%27.0% of our retail automotive dealership gross profit. New vehicles are typically acquired by
Used Vehicle Retail Sales. In 2020,2021, we retailed 233,469264,520 used vehicles, including 53,20763,403 from our Used Vehicle SuperCenters,CarShop used vehicle dealerships, which generated 35.8%38.0% of our retail automotive dealership revenue and 14.0%17.2% of our retail automotive dealership gross profit. We acquire used vehicles from various sources, including auctions open only to authorized new vehicle dealers, public auctions, trade-ins from consumers in connection with their purchase of a new or used vehicle from us,
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purchases of used vehicles directly from consumers, and lease expirations, or terminations.public auctions, and auctions open only to authorized new vehicle dealers. To improve customer confidence in our used vehicle inventory, we provide vehicle history reports for all used vehicles, and virtually all of our franchised new vehicle dealerships participate in manufacturer certification processes for used vehicles. If certification is obtained, the used vehicle owner is typically provided benefits and warranties similar to those offered to new vehicle owners by the applicable manufacturer.
We currently operate seventeen Used Vehicle SuperCenters in the U.S. and U.K. Each of these dealerships are committed to offering high quality “like-new” used vehicles at “no-haggle” prices. These businesses typically sell low mileage, high quality vehicles in a friendly and transparent buying experience. We include the results of our Used Vehicle SuperCenters within used vehicle retail sales. Our total revenue from Used Vehicle SuperCenters in 2020 was $1.0 billion compared to $1.2 billion in 2019. During 2020, we opened one Used Vehicle SuperCenter in Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Vehicle Finance and Insurance Sales. Finance and insurance sales represented 3.2%3.5% of our retail automotive dealership revenue and 20.7%20.2% of our retail automotive dealership gross profit in 2020.2021. At our customers’ option, our dealerships can arrange third-party financing or leasing in connection with vehicle purchases. We typically receive a portion of the cost of the financing or leasing paid by the customer for each transaction as a fee. While these services are generally non-recourse to us, we are subject to chargebacks in certain circumstances, such as default under a financing arrangement or prepayment. These chargebacks vary by finance product but typically are limited to the fee we receive.
Service and Parts Sales. Service and parts sales represented 10.5%9.6% of our retail automotive dealership revenue and 40.5%33.8% of our retail automotive dealership gross profit in 2020.2021. We generate service and parts sales in connection with warranty work performed at each of our franchised dealerships and non-warranty work. We believe our service and parts revenues benefit from the increasingly complex technology used in vehicles that makes it difficult for independent repair facilities or vehicle owners to maintain and repair today’s automobiles.
Fleet and Wholesale Sales. Fleet and wholesale sales represented 5.4%5.2% of our retail automotive dealership revenue and 1.3%1.8% of our retail automotive dealership gross profit in 2020.2021. Fleet activities represent the sale of new units to customers that are deemed to not be retail customers, such as cities, municipalities, or rental car companies and are generally sold at contracted amounts. Wholesale activities relate to the sale of used vehicles generally to other dealers
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and occur at auction. Vehicles sold through this channel generally include units acquired by trade-in that do not meet certain standards or aged units. In the U.K., we offer used vehicles to wholesalers and other dealers via online auction.
We operate a heavy and medium duty truck dealership group known as Premier Truck Group (“PTG”) is a heavy- and medium-duty truck dealership group offering primarily Freightliner and Western Star branded trucks (both Daimler brands) with 37 locations in Texas, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Georgia, Utah, Idaho, nine U.S. statesand Canada. Asin the Canadian province of December 31, 2020, PTG operated twenty-five locations. PTG also offers a full range of used trucks available for sale as well as service and parts departments, providing a full range of maintenance and repair services. This business generated $2,060.9 million of revenue and $280.9 million of gross profit in 2020.
Ontario. PTG dealerships provide a similar suite of services as our automotive dealerships, offering new trucks and a large selection of used trucks for sale, a full range of parts, maintenance and repair services, collision centers, and finance and insurance options by facilitating truck and trailer financing and leasing, extended maintenance plans, physical damage insurance, GAP insurance, roadside relief, and other programs.
Penske Australia. We are Penske Australia is the exclusive importer and distributor of Western Star heavy-duty trucks (a Daimler Truck brand), MAN heavyheavy- and medium dutymedium-duty trucks and buses (a VW Group brand), and Dennis Eagle refuse collection vehicles, together with associated parts, across Australia, New Zealand, and portions of the Pacific. In most of these same markets, we are also a leading distributor of diesel and gas engines and power systems, principally representing MTU (a Rolls-Royce solution), Detroit Diesel, Allison Transmission, MTU Onsite Energy, Rolls Royce Power Systems, and Bergen Engines. This business, known as Penske Australia offers products across the on- and off-highway markets, including in the construction, mining, marine, defense, and power generation, defense, marine, rail, and construction sectors and supports full parts and aftersales service through a network of branches, field service locations, and dealers across the region.
2021.
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the majority aligned to Western Star and/or Freightliner truck manufacturers. The remaining dealers represent the MTU (1)(one) and Allison Transmission (12)(nine) brands. The “off-highway” business principally includes the sale of power systems directly to customers in the commercial, defense, mining, maritime, and power generation sectors and to several dealers. These dealer locations include the 16from 15 branch facilities
This business generated $454.2 million of revenue and $122.3 million of gross profit in 2020.
Full-service truck leasing, truck rental, and contract maintenance. Full-service truck leasing, truck rental, and contract maintenance of commercial trucks, tractors, and trailers constitutes PTS’ largest business. PTS manages a fleet of approximately 327,500over 360,000 trucks, tractors, and trailers, consisting of approximately 218,100over 244,000 vehicles owned by PTS and leased to customers under full-service lease or rental agreements and approximately 108,400over 116,000 customer-owned and -operated vehicles for which they provided contract maintenance services. Terms under its full-service leases generally range from four to seven years for tractors and trucks and six to ten years for trailers. Its commercial and consumer rental fleet as of December 31, 2020,2021, consisted of approximately 77,10097,900 vehicles for use by its full-service truck leasing, small business, and consumer customers for periods generally ranging from less than a day to 12 months. Most of its leased vehicles are configured according to customer specifications, including custom painting and lettering, while its rental trucks bear Penske branding.
2021.
2021.
Logistics. PTS’ logistics business offers an extensive variety of services, including dedicated contract carriage, distribution center management, transportation management, lead logistics provider, and dry van truckload carrier services. PTS coordinates services for its customers across the supply chain, including inbound material flow, handling and packaging, inventory management, distribution and technologies, and sourcing of third-party carriers. These services
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are available individually or on a combined basis and often involve its associates performing services at the customer’s location. By offering a scalable series of services to its customers, PTS can manage the customer’s entire supply chain or any stand-alone service. PTS also utilizes specialized software that enables real-time fleet visibility and provides reporting metrics, giving customers detailed information on fuel economy and other critical supply chain costs. PTS’ international logistics business has approximately 420510 locations in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. PTS’ logistics business generated 27%29% of its operating revenue for 2020.
2021.
Retail Automotive Dealership.Automotive. Approximately 57%58% of our retail automotive dealership revenues are generated in the U.S., which in 20202021 was one of the world’s second largest automotive retail marketmarkets as measured by units sold. In 2020,2021, sales of new cars and light trucks were approximately 14.715.1 million units, a decreasean increase of 14.4%3.3% from 20192020, and were generated at approximately 16,600 franchised new-car dealerships. According to the latest available data from the National Automobile Dealers Association, dealership revenue is derived as follows: 53%55% from new vehicle sales, 35% from used vehicle sales, and 12%10% from service and parts sales. Dealerships also offer a wide range of higher-margin products and services, including extended service contracts, financing arrangements, and credit insurance. The National Automobile Dealers Association figures noted above include finance and insurance revenues within either new or used vehicle sales, as sales of these products are usually incremental to the sale of a vehicle.
We also own a 49%2021.
2021.
Retail Commercial Truck Dealership. In 2020, North America sales of Class 6-8 medium and heavy-duty trucks, the principal vehicles for our PTG business, were approximately 358,050 units, a decrease of 29.6% from 2019 and were generated at approximately 2,200 new-truck dealerships. The Class 6-7 medium duty truck market decreased 28.6% to 124,818 units from 174,927 units in the same period in 2019. The largest market, Class 8 heavy-duty trucks, decreased 30.1% to approximately 233,232 units from approximately 333,779 units in 2019. In this market, our principal brands, Freightliner and Western Star, represent approximately 39.6% of that market.
Commercial Vehicle Distribution. Our commercial vehicle distribution business operates principally in Australia and New Zealand. In 2020, heavy-duty truck sales in Australia and New Zealand combined were 13,280 units, representing a decrease of 18.3% from 2019. The brands we represent in Australia hold a 4.3% market share in the Australian heavy-duty truck market and a 2.6% market share in New Zealand.
Penske Transportation Solutions. PTS participates broadly in the global supply chain, estimated at $9.3 trillion annually, and particularly, in the U.S. supply chain, estimated at $1.7 trillion annually. Only 12.4% of the total U.S. supply chain function is outsourced to third parties, such as PTS. We estimate, based on R. L. Polk registration data, that
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there are approximately 7.7 million commercial trucks operating in the United States, of which up to 3.7 million could be potential opportunities for PTS’ full-service leasing and contract maintenance offerings.
Dealership. Generally, new vehicle unit sales are cyclical, and historically, fluctuations have been influenced by factors such as manufacturer incentives, interest rates, fuel prices, unemployment, inflation, weather, the level of personal discretionary spending, credit availability, consumer confidence, and other general economic factors. However, from a profitability perspective, automotive and truck retailers have historically been less vulnerable than manufacturers and parts suppliers to declines in new vehicle sales. We believe this is due to the retailers’ more flexible expense structure (a significant portion of the retail industry’s costs are variable) and their diversified revenue streams, such as used vehicle sales and service and parts sales. In addition, manufacturers may offer various dealer incentives when sales are slow, which further increases the volatility in profitability for manufacturers and may help to decrease volatility for franchised automotive retailers.
In 2021, North American sales of Class 6-8 medium and heavy-duty trucks, the principal vehicles for our PTG business, increased 11.8% from last year to 400,381 units and were generated at approximately 2,200 new-truck dealerships. The Class 6-7 medium-duty truck market increased 3.9% from last year to 129,648 units, and Class 8 heavy-duty trucks, the largest North American market, increased 16.1% from last year to 270,733 units. In this market, our principal brands, Freightliner and Western Star, represent approximately 39.3% of that market.
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Marketing
Retail Automotive Dealership.Automotive. Our integrated marketing strategy focuses onempowers each dealership to capitalize on local branding as well aswhile being supported by corporate programs and web presence, which allowsallowing us to leverage scale and our parent brand recognition. We align ourselves with the marketing implemented by our OEMvehicle manufacturer partners for their respective brands and integrate those initiatives and resources across the brands we represent.
Retail Commercial Truck Dealership and Commercial Vehicle Distribution. We market commercial trucks in the U.S., Canada, and Western Europe and commercial vehicles and other products in Australia and New Zealand, principally through a network of dealership and service locations supported by corporate level marketing efforts. Our digital marketing leverages manufacturer websites supplemented by brand specific websites to promote our brands and services. We also employ local sponsorships to generate brand awareness in our markets and market to customers at various trade shows and other industry events.
Some of our agreements, including those with BMW, Honda, Mercedes-Benz, and Toyota, expire after a specified period of time ranging from one to six years. Manufacturers have generally not terminated our franchise agreements, and our franchise agreements with fixed terms have typically been renewed without substantial cost. We currently expect the
17
manufacturers to renew all of our franchise agreements as they expire. In addition, certain agreements with the manufacturers limit the total number of dealerships of that brand that we may own in a particular geographic area and in some cases, limit the total number of their vehicles that we may sell as a percentage of a particular manufacturer’s overall sales. Manufacturers may also limit the ownership of stores in contiguous markets. We have reached certain geographical limitations with certain manufacturers in the U.S. and U.K. Where these limits are reached, we cannot acquire additional franchises of those brands in the relevant market unless we can negotiate modifications to the agreements. We may not be able to negotiate any such modifications.
Many of these franchise agreements also grant the manufacturer or distributor a security interest in the vehicles and/or parts sold by them to the dealership as well as other dealership assets and permit them to terminate or not renew the agreement for a variety of causes, including failure to adequately operate the dealership, insolvency or bankruptcy, impairment of the dealer’s reputation or financial standing, changes in the dealership’s management, owners, or location without consent, sales of the dealership’s assets without consent, failure to maintain adequate working capital or floor plan financing, changes in the dealership’s financial or other condition, failure to submit required information to them on a timely basis, failure to have any permit or license necessary to operate the dealership, and material breaches of other provisions of the agreement. In the U.S., these termination rights are subject to state franchise laws that limit a manufacturer’s right to terminate a franchise. In the U.K., we operate without such local franchise law protection (see “Regulation” below).
Our
Competition
Dealership. We believe that the principal factors consumers consider when determining where to purchase a vehicle are the marketing campaigns conducted by manufacturers, the ability of dealerships to offer a wide selection of the most popular vehicles, offering a multi-channel experience to customers so they may purchase a vehicle on site or remotely, the location of dealerships, and the quality of the customer experience. Other factors include customer preference for particular brands of vehicles, pricing (including manufacturer rebates and other special offers), and warranties. We believe that our dealerships are competitive in all of these areas.
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sell the same brands of new vehicles that we sell and with dealers that sell other brands of new vehicles that we do not represent in a particular market. Our new vehicle dealership competitors have franchise agreements which give them access to new vehicles on the same terms as us. Automotive dealers also face competition in the sale of new vehicles from purchasing services, warehouse clubs, and electric vehicle manufacturers that sell direct to consumer. With respect to arranging financing for our customers’ vehicle purchases, we compete with a broad range of financial institutions, such as banks and local credit unions.
Commercial Vehicle Distribution. With respect to our commercial vehicle distribution operations in Australia and New Zealand, we compete with manufacturers, distributors, and retailers of other vehicles and products in our markets. The brands we represent in Australia hold a 4.3% market share in the Australian heavy-duty truck market and a 2.6% market share in New Zealand.
PTS. As an alternative to using PTS’ full-service truck leasing or contract maintenance services, we believe that most potential customers perform some or all of these services themselves. They may also purchase similar or alternative services from other third-party vendors. Its full-service truck leasing operations compete with companies providing similar services on a national, regional, and local level. Many regional and local competitors provide services on a national level through their participation in various cooperative programs. Competitive factors include price, maintenance, service, and geographic coverage. PTS competes with finance lessors, truck and trailer manufacturers, and independent dealers, each of which provides full-service lease products, finance leases, extended warranty maintenance, rental, and other transportation services. Its contract maintenance offering competes primarily with truck and trailer manufacturers and independent dealers who provide maintenance services.
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We operate in a decentralized manner that fosters an entrepreneurial spirit where each dealership or business unit has independent operational and financial management responsible for day-to-day operations. We believe experienced local managers are better qualified to make day-to-day decisions concerning the successful operation of a business unit and can be more responsive to our customers’ needs. We invest for future growth and offer outstanding brands and facilities which we believe attract outstanding talent. Attracting the best talent and allowing our associates to make business decisions at the local level helps to foster long-term growth through increased repeat and referral business.
In 2019, the last year we participated in the Automotive News survey, thirty-three of our U.S. dealerships were named to the Automotive News Top 100 Dealerships to Work For in the United States. In 2018 and 2019, a Penske dealership was ranked #1 in the United States in the Automotive News survey. We did not participate in the survey in 2020 due to COVID-19 related concerns. Additionally, in January 2021, we were named one of the “World’s Most Admired Companies” by Fortune Magazine. In the U.K. in 2018, we were named “Dealer Group of the Year” by both Automotive Management and Motor Trader magazines, consolidating our position as the UK's largest dealer group. In 2019, our U.K. operations were named by Glassdoor as the 14th best place to work. We were not only the highest ranked business in the automotive sector, but Sytner Group Limited, a consolidated subsidiary, was also the top-rated retailer ahead of other large national businesses. We believe these awards reflect our ongoing commitment to training our employees, which enhances customer satisfaction, and we believe results in improved sales over time.
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practices. Other laws and regulations include franchise laws and regulations, environmental laws and regulations (see “Environmental Matters” below), laws and regulations applicable to new and used motor vehicle dealers as well as customer and employee privacy, identity theft prevention, wage-hour, anti-discrimination, and other employment practices laws. With respect to online sales, many laws and regulations applicable to our business were adopted prior to the introduction of the Internet, certain digital technologies, and e-commerce, generally. As a result, we are tasked with maintaining compliance in an uncertain regulatory environment.
Our financing activities with customers are subject to truth-in-lending, consumer leasing, equal credit opportunity, and similar regulations as well as motor vehicle finance laws, installment finance laws, insurance laws, usury laws, and other installment sales laws. Some jurisdictions regulate finance fees that may be paid as a result of vehicle sales. In recent years, private plaintiffs, state attorneys general, and federal agencies in the U.S. have increased their scrutiny of advertising, sales, and finance and insurance activities in the sale and leasing of motor vehicles. In the U.K., the Financial Conduct Authority (the “FCA”) regulates consumer finance and insurance operations and has recently restricted certain types of compensation in connection with dealer assisted financing. See “ItemItem 1A. Risk Factors Regulatory, "Regulatory Issues.”
"
21
regulation requires a 37.5% reduction in emissions carbon dioxide for cars by 2030 and several municipalities in Europe have announced future bans on diesel or combustible fuel vehicles. In November 2020, certain representatives of the U.K. government suggestedproposed a ban on the sale of gasoline engines in cars and vans that would take effect as early as 2030 and a ban on the sale of gasoline hybrid engines in cars and vans as early as 2035. Significant increases in fuel economy requirements or new federal and state restrictions on emissions of carbon dioxide on vehicles and fuels could adversely affect prices of and demand for the vehicles that we sell, such as the reduced demand for diesel vehicles we have experienced in 2020 in the United Kingdom.
sell.
Corporate Social Responsibility
We recognize we are accountable to key stakeholders and the communities in which we do business. We focus our environmental, social, and governance efforts where we can have the most positive impact on our business and society, including issues related to community investment, environmental sustainability, human capital, and investor outreach. Central to our mission are the core values of ethics, integrity, professionalism, teamwork, and exceeding the expectations of our customers and employees. Our commitment to corporate social responsibility is driven by these core values as we aim to conduct our business in ways that enrich the communities where we work and live, focus on the environment and safety, provide a workplace that is safe, inclusive, and diverse while providing value to our stakeholders. We are committed to the implementation of responsible business practices and the continuous improvement of our operations and our relationships with our employees and the communities in which we live and work.
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Available Information
Dealership. Our business is modestly seasonal overall. Our U.S. operations generally experience higher volumes of vehicle sales in the second and third quarters of each year due in part to consumer buying trends and the introduction of new vehicle models. Also, vehicle demand, and to a lesser extent demand for service and parts, is generally lower during the winter months than in other seasons, particularly in regions of the U.S. where dealerships may be subject to severe winters. Our U.K. operations generally experience higher volumes of vehicle sales in the first and third quarters of each year, due primarily to vehicle registration practices in the U.K.
Commercial Vehicle Distribution. Our commercial vehicle distribution business generally experiences higher sales volumes during the second quarter of the year, which is primarily attributable to commercial vehicle customers completing annual capital expenditures before their fiscal year-end, which is typically June 30 in Australia.
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We believe that business disruption relating to the COVID-19 pandemic willmay continue to negatively impact the global economy and may materially affect our businesses as outlined above, or in other manners including global supply chain disruptions resulting in lower levels of vehicles and parts available for sale, all of which would adversely impact our business and results of operations.
Any geo-political developments that adversely affect the economies of our markets will also likely affect us.
Manufacturer incentive programs. Vehicle manufacturers offer incentive programs intended to promote and support vehicle sales. These incentive programs include but are not limited to customer rebates, dealer incentives on new vehicles, manufacturer floor plan interest and advertising assistance, and warranties on new and used vehicles. A discontinuation of or change to the manufacturers’ incentive programs may adversely impact vehicle demand, the value of new and used vehicles, and may materially affect our results of operations.
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products and are unable to economically distribute them, our cash flows or results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
Customers. PTS has a more concentrated customer base than we do and is subject to changes in the financial health of its customers, changes in their asset utilization rates, and increased competition for those customers.
Workforce. PTS requires a significant number of qualified drivers and technicians, which may be difficult to hire, and is subject to increased compliance costs or work stoppages relating to those employees, particularly in regard to changes in labor laws and time of work rules regarding those employees. PTS contributes to 10nine U.S. multi-employer pension plans that provide defined benefits to approximately 3,3502,820 associates covered by collective bargaining agreements. If they withdraw or are deemed to withdraw from participation in any of these plans, then applicable law could require them to make withdrawal liability payments to the plan. If any of those plans were deemed to be underfunded, PTS could be subject to additional assessments, which could be substantial.
Fleet risk. As one of the largest purchasers of commercial trucks in North America, PTS requires continued availability from truck manufacturers and suppliers of vehicles and parts for its fleet, which may be uncertain, in particular if a significant recall were to occur. PTS is affected by the same pandemic related supply issues noted above and any failure of the supply chain resulting in limited availability of new trucks or parts may have a material adverse impact on PTS. In addition, because PTS sells a large number of trucks each year and is subject to residual risk for the vehicles it leases to customers, changes in values of used trucks affects PTS’ profitability.
Capital markets risk. PTS relies on banks and the capital markets to fund its operations and capital commitments. PTS had a significant amount of total indebtedness at December 31, 2020,2021, which it uses in part to purchase its vehicle fleet and therefore, is subject to changes in, and continued access to, the capital markets.
Evolving The retail automotive industry is experiencing a period of unprecedented change and disruption in several respects:
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include lower levels of new vehicles sales but with increasing miles driven, which could require additional demand for vehicle maintenance. In partMost major vehicle manufacturers have announced plans to electrify some or all of their new vehicle fleets in response to concerns about the environment and due to regulatory requirements to limit vehicle emissions, many automotive manufacturers have announced plans to further electrify their vehicle offerings.emissions. We expect to continue to sell electric and hybrid gas/electric vehicles through our franchised dealerships; however, if pure electric vehicles were widely accepted by customers, our service revenues may decline over time as these vehicles may require less physical maintenance than gas and hybrid vehicles. In addition, technologicalvehicles due to the absence of certain parts systems. See the risk captioned “Sales outside the franchise system” above.
Cash requirements for debt and lease obligations.A significant portion of the cash flow we generate must be used to service the interest and principal payments relating to our various financial commitments, including $3.1$2.6 billion of floor plan notes payable, $1.7$1.5 billion of non-vehicle long-term debt, and $5.4$5.5 billion of future lease commitments (including extension periods that are reasonably assured of being exercised and assuming constant consumer price indices). A sustained or significant decrease in our operating cash flows could lead to an inability to meet our debt service or lease requirements or to a failure to meet specified financial and operating covenants included in certain of our agreements. If this were to occur, it may lead to a default under one or more of our commitments and potentially the acceleration of amounts due, which could have a significant and adverse effect on us.
Availability. Because we finance the majority of our operating and strategic initiatives using a variety of commitments, including floor plan notes payable and revolving credit facilities, we are dependent on continued availability of these sources of funds. If these agreements are terminated or we are unable to access them because of a breach of financial or operating covenants or otherwise, we will likely be materially affected.
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Impairment of our goodwill or other indefinite-lived intangible assets has in the past had, and in the future could have, a material adverse impact on our earnings. We evaluate goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually and upon the occurrence of an indicator of impairment. Our process for impairment testing of these assets is described further under “Impairment Testing” in Part II, Item 7, 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates. If we determine that the amount of our goodwill or other indefinite-lived intangible assets are impaired at any point in time, we would be required to reduce the value of these assets on our balance sheet, which would also result in a material non-cash impairment charge that could also have a material adverse effect on our results of operations for the period in which the impairment occurs.
Governmental regulations, claims, and legal proceedings. Governmental regulations affect almost every aspect of our business, including the fair treatment of our employees, wage and hour issues, and our financing activities with customers. In California, previous judicial decisions have called into question whether long-standing methods for compensating dealership employees comply with the local wage and hour rules and may do so again. We could be susceptible to claims or related actions if we fail to operate our business in accordance with applicable laws or it is determined that long-standing compensation methods did not comply with local laws. Many laws and regulations
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applicable to our business were adopted prior to the introduction of online vehicle sales, the Internet and certain digital technology, generally. As a result, we are tasked with maintaining compliance in an uncertain regulatory environment. Claims arising out of actual or alleged violations of law which may be asserted against us or any of our dealers by individuals, through class actions, or by governmental entities in civil or criminal investigations and proceedings, may expose us to substantial monetary damages which may adversely affect us.
In the U.K., the FCA regulates consumer finance and insurance operations. Effective January 28, 2021, the FCA has prohibited certain types of compensation in connection with dealer assisted financing. Our U.K. franchises are no longer allowed to increase or decrease the interest rate of a consumer’s financing if such changes increase or decrease the dealer’s related compensation. We expect to generate lower revenues from dealer assisted financing; however, industry practice is still evolving in response to these changes. If these changes significantly restrict our ability to generate revenue from arranging financing or selling insurance products, we could be materially and adversely affected.
Privacy Regulation. We are subject to numerous laws and regulations in the U.S. and internationally designed to protect the information of clients, customers, employees and other third parties that we collect and maintain, including the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”“EUGDPR”) and the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation (the "UKGDPR"). The GDPR,Both the EUGDPR and UKGDPR, among other things, mandatesmandate new requirements regarding the handling of personal data of employees and customers, including its use, protection and the ability of persons whose data is stored to correct or delete such data about themselves. The state of California has a similar law called the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”). The CCPA was amended in 2020 to create the “California Privacy Protection Agency” which will have the authority to audit and enforce privacy rules, among other responsibilities. If we fail to comply with these laws or other similar regulations applicable to our business, we could be subject to significant litigation, monetary damages, regulatory enforcement actions or fines in one or more jurisdictions. For example, a failure to comply with the GDPRUKGDPR could result in finesfinds up to the greater of €20£17.5 million or 4% of annual global revenues.
Recalls. Legislative and regulatory bodies from time to time have considered laws or regulations that would prohibit companies from renting or selling any vehicle that is subject to a recall until the recall service is performed. Whether any such prohibition may be enacted, and its ultimate scope, cannot be determined at this time. If a law or regulation is enacted that prevents the sale of vehicles until recall service has been performed, we could be required to reserve a significant portion of our vehicles from being available for sale for even a minor recall unrelated to vehicle safety. In addition, various manufacturers have issued stop sale notices in relation to certain recalls that require that we retain vehicles until the recall can be performed, whether or not parts are then available. While servicing recall vehicles yields parts and service revenue to us, the inability to sell a significant portion of our vehicles could increase our costs and have an adverse effect on our results of operations if a large number of our vehicles are the subject of simultaneous recalls or if needed replacement parts are not in adequate supply.
Vehicle requirements. Federal and state governments in our markets have increasingly placed restrictions and limitations on the vehicles sold in the market in an effort to combat perceived negative environmental effects. For example, in the U.S., automotive manufacturers are subject to federally mandated corporate average fuel economy standards, which will increase substantially through 2026. Certain representatives of the U.K. government suggested a ban on the sale of gasoline engines in cars and vans as early as 2030 and a ban on the sale of gasoline hybrid engines in cars and vans as early as 2035. Similar bans have been announced in California, Massachusetts, and MassachusettsNew York which would ban the sale of new vehicle with gasoline engines in cars in 2035. Furthermore, numerous states and other jurisdictions, including California, have adopted or are considering regulations requiring the sale of specified numbers of zero-emission vehicles. Significant increases in fuel economy requirements and new restrictions on emissions on vehicles and fuels could adversely affect prices of and demand for the new vehicles that we sell, which could materially adversely affect us.
Tariff and trade risk. Increased tariffs, import product restrictions, and foreign trade risks may impair our ability to sell foreign vehicles profitably. The United States Mexico Canada Agreement allows tariff-free importing of automobiles among the countries only if (i) the vehicles have 75% of their components manufactured in the US, Mexico, or Canada, (ii) workers with an hourly wage of at least $16, manufacture at least 30% of the vehicle, which graduates up to 40% of the vehicle in 2023, or in the case of trucks, 45% and (iii) 70% of the steel and aluminum used in the production of the vehicle is sourced within North America. Should tariffs increase, we expect the price
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of many new vehicles we sell to increase which may adversely affect our new vehicle sales and related finance and insurance sales. Moreover, new rules in place after the recent Brexit accord between the European Union and the U.K. require varying levels of content in vehicles to originate in either the U.K. or the European Union to remain tariff free. If
Franchise laws in the U.S. In the U.S., state law generally provides protections to franchised vehicle dealers from discriminatory practices by manufacturers and from unreasonable termination or non-renewal of their franchise agreements. In many states, the laws require that new vehicle sales be conducted exclusively by automotive retailers (not manufacturers). In recent years, new electric vehicle manufacturers have been able to conduct new vehicle sales outside of the franchised automotive system as new entrants. While the sales levels of these new entrants is small and we expect continued good relations with our manufacturer partners, shouldShould U.S. franchise laws be repealed or amended to allow our existing manufacturer partners to effectively operate outside the franchised system, our results of operations may be materially and adversely impacted. Our franchised automotive dealers inSee the U.K. and European Union operate effectively without such protections.
risk factor captioned “Sales outside the franchise system” above.
Changes in law. New laws and regulations at the state and federal level may be enacted which could materially adversely impact our business. For example, in 2013, a ballot initiative in California titled the California Car Buyers Protection Act was proposed that would have eliminated our ability to be compensated for assisting in financing customer vehicle purchases, among other matters. If these initiatives or other adverse changes in law were to be enacted, it could have a significant and adverse effect on us.
Climate change and environmental regulations. Scientific evidence suggests that the globe is warming potentially resulting in an environment more prone to natural disasters, such as flooding. To date, we have seen increases in our cost to insure against such risks, which costs could continue to increase should this trend continue.We are subject to a wide range of environmental laws and regulations, including those governing discharges into the air and water; the operation and removal of storage tanks; and the use, storage, and disposal of hazardous substances. In the normal course of our operations we use, generate, and dispose of materials covered by these laws and regulations. In the face of climate change, these laws could become more stringent. We face potentially significant costs relating to claims, penalties, and remediation efforts in the event of non-compliance with existing and future laws and regulations. Furthermore, should climate change continue, we expect further regulation of gas engines and vehicle emissions which may affect the types of vehicles we sell and service. We cannot predict the future costs to our businesses for these developments.
Accounting rules and regulations. Significant changes to GAAP in the U.S. could significantly affect our reported financial position, earnings, and cash flows upon adoption and effectiveness. In addition, any changes to lease accounting could affect PTS customers’ decisions to purchase or lease trucks, which could adversely affect their business if leasing becomes a less favorable option. See the disclosure provided under “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in Part II, Item 8, Note 1 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail on accounting standard updates that could have an impact on us.
Our principal stockholders have substantial influence. Penske Corporation and Mitsui have entered into a stockholders agreement pursuant to which they have agreed to vote together as to the election of our directors. As a result, Penske Corporation has the ability to control the composition of our Board of Directors, which may allow it to control our affairs and business. This concentration of ownership coupled with certain provisions contained in our agreements with manufacturers, our certificate of incorporation, and our bylaws could discourage, delay, or prevent a change in control of us.
Some of our directors and officers may have conflicts of interest with respect to certain related party transactions and other business interests. Roger Penske, our Chair and Chief Executive Officer and a director, holds the same offices at Penske Corporation. Robert Kurnick, Jr., our President and a director, is also the Vice Chair and a director
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of Penske Corporation. Bud Denker, our Executive Vice President, Human Resources, is also the President of Penske Corporation. Each of these officers is paid much of their compensation by Penske Corporation. The compensation they receive from us is based on their efforts on our behalf; however, they are not required to spend any specific amount of time on our matters. One of our directors, Greg Penske, is the son of our Chair and also serves as a director of Penske Corporation. Michael Eisenson, one of our directors, is also a director of Penske Corporation. Masashi Yamanaka,Kota Odagiri, one of our directors, is also an employee of Mitsui & Co. Roger Penske also serves as Chairman of Penske Transportation Solutions, for which he is compensated by PTS.
Penske Corporation ownership levels. Certain of our agreements have clauses that are triggered in the event of a material change in the level of ownership of our common stock by Penske Corporation, such as our trademark agreement between us and Penske Corporation that governs our use of the “Penske” name which can be terminated 24
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information or degradation of services provided by critical business systems, whether by us directly or our third-party service providers, could adversely affect our business operations, sales, reputation with current and potential customers, associates or vendors as well as other operational and financial impacts derived from investigations, litigation, the imposition of penalties, or other means. In addition, our failure to respond quickly and appropriately to such a security breach could exacerbate the consequences of the breach.
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Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
In May 2020, our Board of Directors temporarily suspended our cash dividend. On October 14, 2020, we announced the reinstatement of our cash dividend in the amount of $0.42 per share.
In September 2019,On December 16, 2021, our Board of Directors increasedauthorized the authority delegatedrepurchase of $250 million worth of our securities. Prior to management to repurchase our outstanding securities to $200.0 million.the increase, we had $17.0 million in remaining authorization. As of December 31, 2020,February 8, 2022, we had $170.6$194.3 million in repurchase authorization remaining under the securities repurchase program. For further information with respect to repurchases of our shares by us, see “ItemItem 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Securities Repurchases”Repurchases and Part II, Item 8, Note 15 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Program (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
October 1 to October 31, 2021 | — | $ | — | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
November 1 to November 30, 2021 | 325,541 | $ | 99.31 | 325,541 | $ | 17.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
December 1 to December 31, 2021 | 411,101 | $ | 100.57 | 411,101 | $ | 230.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||
736,642 | 736,642 |
SHARE INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE
Cumulative Total Return | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12/16 | 12/17 | 12/18 | 12/19 | 12/20 | 12/21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Penske Automotive Group, Inc. | 100.00 | 94.90 | 82.36 | 106.20 | 127.51 | 235.07 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S&P 500 | 100.00 | 121.83 | 116.49 | 153.17 | 181.35 | 233.41 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Peer Group | 100.00 | 103.99 | 77.49 | 130.58 | 199.62 | 262.00 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Cumulative Total Return |
| ||||||||||
| | 12/15 | | 12/16 | | 12/17 | | 12/18 | | 12/19 | | 12/20 |
|
Penske Automotive Group, Inc. |
| 100.00 |
| 126.16 |
| 119.72 |
| 103.90 |
| 133.98 |
| 160.86 | |
S&P 500 |
| 100.00 |
| 111.96 |
| 136.40 |
| 130.42 |
| 171.49 |
| 203.04 | |
Peer Group |
| 100.00 |
| 89.09 |
| 92.94 |
| 69.31 |
| 115.88 |
| 177.66 | |
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
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This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results ofOperations contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-lookingstatements as a result of various factors, including those discussed in “Item 1A.Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements.” We have acquired and initiated a number of businesses during the periods presented and addressed in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Ourfinancial statements include the results of operations of those businesses fromthe date acquired or when they commenced operations. Our period to period results of operations may vary depending on the dates of acquisitions or disposals.
Overview - – The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic across the globe adversely impacted each of our markets and the global economy, beginning in the first quarter of 2020, leading to disruptions toin our business. Governmental authorities have taken countermeasures to slow the outbreak, including shelter-in-place orders, restrictions on travel, and government-funded assistance programs to individuals and businesses. The shelter-in-place orders and resulting business closures severely and negatively impacted our results, in particular in the second quarter of 2020. While the COVID-19 pandemic continuescontinued in all of our markets, as these orders lapsed and businesses reopened, we have experienced improved business conditions and improved financial results in the third and fourth quarters, primarily driven by our cost cutting measures and increased gross profit on vehicles sold. During 2020, our new and used gross profit per unitsold due in part to increased 17.1% and 29.3%, principally resulting from limited vehicle availabilitydemand, coupled with lower inventory due to plant shutdowns related to the COVID-19 pandemic, as new and used retail automotive gross profit per unit increased when compared to 2019. In addition, selling, general, and administrative expenses as a percentage of gross profit decreasedproduction shortages experienced by 3.6 percentage points in 2020 in part due to employee reductions, temporary compensation reductions, government assistance, and other expense reductions noted below.
The situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is highly fluid and rapidly evolving, and while we continue to adjust our operations to conform to regulatory changes and consumer preferences in the evolving environment, we cannot anticipate with any certainty the length, scope, or severity of the business impact from the COVID-19 pandemic in each of the jurisdictions that we operate. See “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors.”
In response to shelter-in-place orders resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, many of our automotive and commercial vehicle showrooms experienced temporary closures during 2020. Nearly all of our service, parts, and collision center departments remained open during the crisis, and curbside or home delivery offerings supplemented our traditional service offerings. We modified certain business practices to conform to government restrictions and best practices encouraged by governmental and regulatory authorities. We continue to offer sales activity by appointment and through our e-commerce channels. In all of our locations, we implemented enhanced cleaning procedures, enforced social distancing guidelines, and took other precautions to maintain the health and safety of our employees and customers. We continue to experience interim business closures at some of our facilities in response to a customer or employee reporting a positive test result for COVID-19. When we become aware of such result, we notify appropriate personnel and deep clean our facility, which may include closure of that facility. We also are experiencing increased costs for providing the appropriate level of safety equipment for our facilities, employees, and customers, as well as increased costs for daily and enhanced deep cleaning when appropriate.
manufacturers.
Beginning in the first quarter of 2020, we implemented a hiring freeze and expense reductions across the company, including the postponement and elimination of an estimated $150 million in capital expenditures. We furloughed
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approximately 15,000 employees in April and May in various countries, though we returned most of those employees to work during the course of the year. We also reduced our workforce by approximately 3,300 employees or 12.4% compared to December 31, 2019. During 2020, many of our employees who were not furloughed worked reduced hours and experienced pay cuts, including a six-month 100% reduction in salary for our CEO and President and 25% temporary reductions in salary for our other named executive officers. In addition, our Board of Directors waived six months of board service fees in 2020. The compensation levels for our executive officers and Board of Directors have since returned to their pre-COVID-19 levels.
Most of our manufacturer partners began suspending production beginning in late March 2020, and production disruptions continued into the second quarter of 2020. These disruptions resulted in lower inventory levels, in particular for new vehicles and limited inventory of certain models. Our manufacturer partners began providing us with additional incentive support in March 2020, and our manufacturer and lending partners have provided support to retail customers, such as increased incentives, payment deferrals, as well as 0% financing on certain vehicles and term lengths. While production has improved, the level of new vehicle inventory remains well below historical levels, which has contributed to increased gross profit on vehicles sold.
United States – Beginning in March 2020, shelter-in-place rules in many states either required we close dealerships or limit our automotive dealership operations to essential services. Virtual/online sales of new and used vehicles remained available in all locations, while the service departments remained open to support critical transportation needs. In May 2020, many shelter-in-place rules began to expire, and restrictions were slowly lifted in many states allowing us to reopen dealerships all of which remain open, subject in certain locations to personnel capacity limits. For the year ended December 31, 2020, new and used retail automotive gross profit per unit increased 19.5% and 16.8%, primarily due to inventory shortages and additional manufacturer incentives, while our automotive dealerships experienced a 14.4% decrease in unit volume and a 12.5% decrease in service and parts revenues compared to the prior year on a same-store basis. Our U.S. Used Vehicle SuperCenters experienced a same-store used unit sales decline of 26.9% in 2020, largely attributable to lower inventory and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Commercial truck dealership sales and service operations were classified as essential businesses and remained open throughout 2020 in most locations around the U.S. and Canada providing services to our customers. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the North American Class 6-8 retail sales market declined 29.6%, and our new same-store unit sales and revenue declined 10.0% and 5.2%, respectively, during the same period.
Penske Transportation Solutions– We have a 28.9% ownership interest in Penske Transportation Solutions ("PTS"). As an integral part of the North American supply chain, PTS has been generally classified as essential by governmental authorities which allowed PTS to remain operating in much of its business, providing crucial supply chain and transportation services to its customers. While its full-service leasing and contract maintenance businesses remained consistent, commercial rental utilization slowed during the second quarter of 2020 but increased with the expirations of the shelter-in-place orders. In the third quarter of 2020, PTS began to experience increased levels of utilization and profitability as business conditions improved. In its logistics services business, throughout 2020, PTS experienced heavy volumes in the grocery sector which were offset by plant closings in automotive and manufacturing. In the third quarter of 2020, most of PTS’ logistics customers returned to normal operations, generating strong results. PTS has also experienced improved remarketing results as truck prices improved in response to limited inventory. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, PTS initially furloughed over 5,000 employees, most of which returned to work. PTS also reduced executive salaries by up to 30%, which reductions have been eliminated.
United Kingdom – All dealerships closed on March 24, 2020, in accordance with government orders, though we provided service and parts operations on an emergency basis. Over 90% of the employees in the U.K. were placed on furlough beginning March 24, 2020. However, we opened substantially all service and parts operations in mid-May 2020 and showrooms in early June 2020. During the fourth quarter of 2020 and continuing into 2021, in response to increased incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic, certain parts of the U.K. reinstated shelter-in-place orders which required our dealershipsdealership showrooms to close.remain closed during the first quarter of 2021. These shelter-in-place orders largely expired on April 12, 2021, and most of the remaining restrictions expired on July 19, 2021. We continuecontinued to conduct sales through our online “Click & Collect” program,tools, which allowsallowed vehicle sales without showroom access. Despite showroom closures in the U.K. during the fourth quarter of 2020,If shelter-in-place orders are re-enacted or other restrictions are placed on our UK dealers experienced a 5.6% increase in gross profit when compared to the fourth quarter of 2019 driven by an increase in gross profit per unit and sales through our e-commerce channels. For the year ended December 31, 2020, new and used retail automotive gross profit per unit increased 10.1% and 45.6%, primarily due to inventory shortages and additional
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manufacturer incentives, while our automotive dealerships experienced a 20.5% decrease in unit volume and a 14.1% decrease in service and parts revenues compared to the prior year on a same-store basis. Our U.K. Used Vehicle SuperCenters also experienced a same-store gross profit per unit increase of 35.2%, primarily due to improved inventory management, and a same-store used unit sales decrease of 31.3% in 2020.
Australia – In most jurisdictions, non-essential business operations were closed by government order in March 2020 though many governmental restrictions have since been lifted. Penske Australia has been deemed essential throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, and therefore, sales, parts, service, and defense functions continue to remain operational. Throughout 2020, Penske Australia results of operations have remained consistent in spite of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Government Assistance –We received government assistance in most of our jurisdictions through COVID-19 related government programs which provided tax credits or direct wage or health care assistance payments to us. These programs generally require us to claim tax credits or apply to the government for reimbursement of wages or employee health benefits based on the applicable laws and programs within each jurisdiction. During 2020, we received $57.5 million of wage assistance for furloughed employees in the U.K., as well as an additional $8.5 million of assistance and tax credits in our U.S. and other jurisdictions. As a result, we recorded a reduction to selling, general, and administrative expenses of approximately $66.0 million for the amounts of government assistance received during 2020.
Liquidity – As of December 31, 2020, we had $49.5 million of cash and access to an additional $952 million of availability through our revolving credit facilities. This amount includes $100 million of additional borrowing capacity under our U.S. credit agreement which we amended effective August 1, 2020.
During the third quarter of 2020, we repaid in full at scheduled maturity our $300 million 3.75% senior subordinated notes due August 15, 2020. We also issued $550 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025 in August 2020, the proceeds of which were used to redeem our $550 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.75% senior subordinated notes due 2022 on October 1, 2020. During the fourth quarter of 2020, we also redeemed our $300 million 5.375% senior subordinated notes due 2024 at a redemption price equal to 101.792% of the principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest, using availability under our U.S. revolving credit facility and cash flow from operations. Refer to Part II, Item 8, Note 10 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of our long-term debt.
Risks and Uncertainties – The full impact that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our business cannot be predicted at this time due to numerous uncertainties, including the duration of the outbreak, travel restrictions, business closures, the effectiveness of actions taken to contain the disease, the distribution rate and acceptance rate of a vaccine, the effect of government assistance programs, production levels from our manufacturing partners, and other unintended consequences. This impact could include changes in customer demand, our relationship with, and the financial and operational capacities of, vehicle manufacturers, captive finance companies and other suppliers, workforce availability, risks associated with our indebtedness (including available borrowing capacity, compliance with financial covenants and ability to refinance or repay indebtedness on favorable terms), the adequacy of our cash flow and earnings and other conditions which may affect our liquidity, our ability to pay our quarterly dividend at prior levels, and disruptions to our technology network and other critical systems, including our dealer management systems and software or other facilities or equipment.
We believe that business disruption relating to the COVID-19 pandemic willmay continue to negatively impact the global economy and may materially affect our businesses as outlined above, or in other manners including global supply chain disruptions resulting in lower levels of vehicles and parts available for sale, all of which would adversely impact our business and results of operations.
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Retail Automotive Dealership. We believe we are the second largest global automotive retailer headquartered in the U.S.retailers as measured by the $17.9$22.5 billion in total retail automotive dealership revenue we generated in 2020.2021. As of December 31, 2020,2021, we operated 304320 retail automotive franchises,franchised dealerships, of which 142 franchises146 are located in the U.S. and 162 franchises174 are located outside of the U.S. The franchisesfranchised dealerships outside the U.S. are located primarily in the U.K. In 2020,As described below, we also operate 23 used vehicle dealerships in the U.S. and U.K. under the CarShop brand. Through these franchised and used vehicle dealerships, we retailed and wholesaled more than 505,000 vehicles.553,000 vehicles in 2021. We are diversified geographically with 57%58% of our total retail automotive dealership revenues in 20202021 generated in the U.S. and Puerto Rico and 43%42% generated outside the U.S. We offer over 35 vehicle brands with 71% of our retail automotive franchised dealership revenue in 20202021 generated from premium brands, such as Audi, BMW, Land Rover, Mercedes-Benz, and Porsche. Each of our franchised dealerships offers a wide selection of new and used vehicles for sale. In addition to selling new and used vehicles, we generate higher-margin revenue at each of our dealerships through maintenance and repair services, the sale and placement of third-party finance and insurance products, third-party extended service and maintenance contracts, and replacement and aftermarket automotive products. In 2020,We operate our franchised dealerships under franchise agreements with a number of automotive manufacturers and distributors that are subject to certain rights and restrictions typical of the industry.
We also operate seventeen Used Vehicle SuperCentersoperated 23 used vehicle dealerships in the U.S. and the U.K., which retail and wholesale used vehicles under a one price, “no-haggle” methodology.methodology under the CarShop brand. Our operations consist of eight retail dealerships in the U.S. consist of sixand 15 retail locations operating in the Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania market areas. Our operations in the U.K. consist of eleven retail locationsdealerships and a vehicle preparation center.center in the U.K. During 2020,2021, we opened one Used Vehicle SuperCenterfour CarShop dealerships in Nottingham, United Kingdom.the U.K. and two CarShop dealerships in the U.S., representing a 35% increase in locations compared to 2020. For the year ended December 31, 2020, these Used Vehicle SuperCenters2021, our used vehicle dealerships retailed 53,20763,403 units and generated $1.0$1.5 billion in revenue.
Retail automotive dealerships represented 87.7%88.1% of our total revenues and 87.3%87.2% of our total gross profit in 2020.
2021.
Retail Commercial Truck Dealership.We operate a heavy and medium duty truck dealership group known as Premier Truck Group (“PTG”), a heavy- and medium-duty truck dealership group offering primarily Freightliner and Western Star trucks (both Daimler brands) with locations in Texas, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Georgia, Utah, Idaho, Kansas, Missouri, Oregon, and Canada. In 2021, we acquired Kansas City
This business represented 10.1%9.6% of our total revenues and 8.8%9.4% of our total gross profit in 2020.
2021.
Penske Australia. We are Penske Australia is the exclusive importer and distributor of Western Star heavy-duty trucks (a Daimler Truck brand), MAN heavyheavy- and medium dutymedium-duty trucks and buses (a VW Group brand), and Dennis Eagle refuse collection vehicles, together with associated parts, across Australia, New Zealand, and portions of the Pacific. In most of these same markets, we are also a leading distributor of diesel and gas engines and power systems, principally representing MTU (a Rolls-Royce solution), Detroit Diesel, Allison Transmission, MTU Onsite Energy, Rolls Royce Power Systems, and Bergen Engines. This business, known as Penske Australia offers products across the on- and off-highway markets, including in the construction, mining, marine, defense, and power generation, defense, marine, rail, and construction sectors and supports full parts and aftersales service through a network of branches, field service locations, and dealers across the region.
These businesses represented 2.2%2.3% of our total revenues and 3.9%3.4% of our total gross profit in 2020.
2021.
Penske Transportation Solutions. We hold a 28.9% ownership interest in Penske Truck Leasing Co., L.P (“PTL”). PTL is owned 41.1% by Penske Corporation, 28.9% by us, and 30.0% by Mitsui & Co., Ltd. (“Mitsui”). We account for our investment in PTL under the equity method, and we therefore record our share of PTL’s earnings on our statements of income under the caption “Equity in earnings of affiliates,” which also includes the results of our other equity method investments. Penske Transportation Solutions (“PTS”) is the universal brand name for PTL’s various business lines through which it is capable of meeting customers’ needs across the supply chain with a broad product offering that includes full-service truck leasing, truck rental, and contract maintenance along with logistic services, such as dedicated contract carriage, distribution center management, transportation management, lead logistics provider services, and dry van truckload carrier services. We recorded $164.5$365.8 million in equity earnings from this investment in 2020.
2021.
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Operating Overview
vehicle manufacturers.
2020.
2021.
Equity in earnings of affiliates principally represents our share of the earnings from PTS, along with our investments in joint ventures and other non-consolidated investments.
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The future success of our business is dependent upon, among other things, general economic and industry conditions;conditions, including the recovery time frame foreffect of COVID-19 on the global economy in lighteconomy; the distribution rate and acceptance of the COVID-19 pandemic;vaccines for COVID-19; our ability to react effectively to changing business conditions in light of the COVID-19 pandemic; our ability to consummate and integrate acquisitions; the level of vehicle sales in the markets where we operate; our ability to obtain vehicles and parts from our manufacturers, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic; our ability to increasepandemic and global shortages in microchip availability or other vehicle components; changes in the retail model either from direct sales by manufacturers, sales by online competitors, or from the expansion of higher margin products, especially service and parts sales;electric vehicles; our ability to realize returns on our significant capital investment in new and upgraded dealership facilities; our ability to navigate a rapidly changing automotive and truck landscape; the success of our distribution of commercial vehicles, engines, and power systems; and the return realized from our investments in various joint ventures and other non-consolidated investments. See “ItemItem 1A. Risk Factors”Factors above and “Forward-Looking Statements”Forward-Looking Statements below.
Dealership Vehicle, Parts, and Service Sales. We record revenue for vehicle sales at a point in time when vehicles are delivered, which is when the transfer of title, risks and rewards of ownership, and control are considered passed to the customer. We record revenue for vehicle service and collision work over time as work is completed and when parts are delivered to our customers. Sales promotions that we offer to customers are accounted for as a reduction of revenues at the time of sale. Rebates and other incentives offered directly to us by manufacturers are recognized as a reduction of cost of sales. Reimbursements of qualified advertising expenses are treated as a reduction of selling, general, and administrative
Dealership Finance and Insurance Sales. Subsequent to the sale of a vehicle to a customer, we sell installment sale contracts to various financial institutions on a non-recourse basis (with specified exceptions) to mitigate the risk of default. We receive a commission from the lender equal to either the difference between the interest rate charged to the customer and the interest rate set by the financing institution or a flat fee. We also receive commissions for facilitating the sale of various products to customers, including guaranteed vehicle protection insurance, vehicle theft protection, and extended service contracts. These commissions are recorded as revenue at a point in time when the customer enters into the contract. Payment is typically due and collected within 30 days subsequent to the execution of the contract with the customer. In the case of finance contracts, a customer may prepay or fail to pay their contract, thereby terminating the contract. Customers may also terminate extended service contracts and other insurance products, which are fully paid at purchase, and become eligible for refunds of unused premiums. In these circumstances, a portion of the commissions we received may be charged back based on the terms of the contracts. The revenue we record relating to these transactions is net of an estimate of the amount of chargebacks we will be required to pay. Our estimate is based upon our historical experience with similar contracts, including the impact of refinance and default rates on retail finance contracts and
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cancellation rates on extended service contracts and other insurance products. Aggregate reserves relating to chargeback activity were $28.7 million and $26.6 million as of December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Commercial Vehicle Distribution. We record revenue from the distribution of vehicles, engines, and other products at a point in time when delivered, which is when the transfer of title, risks, and rewards of ownership and control are considered passed to the customer. We record revenue for service or repair work over time as work is completed and when parts are delivered to our customers. For our long-term power generation contracts, we record revenue over time as services are provided in accordance with contract milestones.
Refer to the disclosures provided in Part II, Item 8, Note 2 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail on revenue recognition.
Impairment Testing
Other indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed for impairment annually on October 1 and upon the occurrence of an indicator of impairment through a comparison of its carrying amount and estimated fair value. These indefinite-lived intangible assets relate to franchise agreements with vehicle manufacturers and distributors, which represent the estimated value of franchises acquired in business combinations, and distribution agreements with commercial vehicle manufacturers, which represent the estimated value for distribution rights acquired in business combinations. An indicator of impairment exists if the carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value, and an impairment loss may be recognized up to that excess. The fair value is determined using a discounted cash flow approach, which includes assumptions about revenue and profitability growth, profit margins, and the cost of capital. We also evaluate, in connection with the annual impairment testing, whether events and circumstances continue to support our assessment that the other indefinite-lived intangible assets continue to have an indefinite life.
Goodwill impairment is assessed at the reporting unit level annually on October 1 and upon the occurrence of an indicator of impairment. Our operations are organized by management into operating segments by line of business and geography. We have determined that we have four reportable segments as defined in generally accepted accounting principles for segment reporting: (i) Retail Automotive, consisting of our retail automotive dealership operations; (ii) Retail Commercial Truck, consisting of our retail commercial truck dealership operations in the U.S. and Canada; (iii) Other, consisting of our commercial vehicle and power systems distribution operations and other non-automotive consolidated operations; and (iv) Non-Automotive Investments, consisting of our equity method investments in non-automotive operations which includes our investment in PTS. We have determined that the dealerships in each of our operating segments within the Retail Automotive reportable segment are components that are aggregated into six reporting units for the purpose of goodwill impairment testing as they (A) have similar economic characteristics (all are automotive dealerships having similar margins), (B) offer similar products and services (all sell new and/or used vehicles, service, parts and third-party finance and insurance products), (C) have similar target markets and customers (generally individuals), and (D) have similar distribution and marketing practices (all distribute products and services through dealership facilities that market to customers in similar fashions). The reporting units are Eastern, Central, and Western United States, Stand-Alone Used United States, International, and Stand-Alone Used International. Our Retail Commercial Truck reportable segment has been determined to represent one operating segment and reporting unit. The goodwill included in our Other reportable segment relates to our commercial vehicle distribution operating segment. There is no goodwill recorded in our Non-Automotive Investments reportable segment.
For our Retail Automotive, Retail Commercial Truck, and Other reporting units, we prepared a quantitative assessment of the carrying value of goodwill. We estimated the fair value of our reporting units using an “income” valuation approach. The “income” valuation approach estimates our enterprise value using a net present value model, which discounts projected free cash flows of our business using the weighted average cost of capital as the discount rate. We also validate the fair value for each reporting unit using the income approach by calculating a cash earnings multiple and determining whether the multiple was reasonable compared to recent market transactions completed by the Company or in the industry. As part of that assessment, we also reconcile the estimated aggregate fair values of our reporting units to our market capitalization. We believe this reconciliation process is consistent with a market participant perspective. This consideration would also include a control premium that represents the estimated amount an investor would pay for our equity securities to obtain a controlling interest and other significant assumptions, including revenue and profitability growth, franchise profit margins, residual values, and the cost of capital. During 2020, we concluded
41
that for the retail automotive, retail commercial truck, and other reporting units that their fair values exceeded its carrying value.
Investments
We account for each of our investments under the equity method, pursuant to which we record our proportionate share of the investee’s income each period. The net book value of our investments was $1,500.3 million and $1,399.0 million as of December 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively, including $1,419.2 million and $1,323.2 million relating to PTS as of December 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively. We currently hold a 28.9% ownership interest in PTS.
Investments for which there is not a liquid, actively traded market are reviewed periodically by management for indicators of impairment. If an indicator of impairment is identified, management estimates the fair value of the investment using a discounted cash flow approach, which includes assumptions relating to revenue and profitability growth, profit margins, residual values, and our cost of capital. Declines in investment values that are deemed to be other than temporary may result in an impairment charge reducing the investments’ carrying value to fair value.
Self-Insurance
We retain risk relating to certain of our general liability insurance, workers’ compensation insurance, vehicle physical damage insurance, property insurance, employment practices liability insurance, information security risk insurance, directors and officers’ insurance, and employee medical benefits in the U.S. As a result, we are likely to be responsible for a significant portion of the claims and losses incurred under these programs. The amount of risk we retain varies by program, and for certain exposures, we have pre-determined maximum loss limits for certain individual claims and/or insurance periods. Losses, if any, above the pre-determined loss limits are paid by third-party insurance carriers. Certain insurers have limited available property coverage in response to the natural catastrophes experienced in recent years. Our estimate of future losses is prepared by management using our historical loss experience and industry-based development factors. Aggregate reserves relating to retained risk were $29.7 million and $28.6 million as of December 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
Income Taxes
Tax regulations may require items to be included in our tax returns at different times than the items are reflected in our financial statements. Some of these differences are permanent, such as expenses that are not deductible on our tax return, and some are temporary differences, such as the timing of depreciation expense. Temporary differences create deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets generally represent items that will be used as a tax deduction or credit in our tax returns in future years which we have already recorded in our financial statements. Deferred tax liabilities generally represent deductions taken on our tax returns that have not yet been recognized as expense in our financial statements. We establish valuation allowances for our deferred tax assets if the amount of expected future taxable income is not likely to allow for the use of the deduction or credit.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act, among other things, includes various income and payroll tax provisions, modifications to federal net operating loss rules, business interest deduction limitations, and bonus depreciation eligibility for qualified improvement property. As a result of the net operating loss carryback provision of the CARES Act and various other U.S. and foreign tax legislation changes, we recorded an income tax benefit of $11.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Additionally, we received payroll tax deferrals and benefits from the employee retention tax credit.
Refer to the disclosures provided in Part II, Item 8, Note 17 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail on our accounting for income taxes, including additional discussion on the enactment of the Act and the resulting impact on our financial statements.
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Leases
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Our operating leases primarily consist of land and facilities, including certain dealerships and office space. We also have equipment leases that primarily relate to office and computer equipment, service and shop equipment, company vehicles, and other miscellaneous items. We do not have any material leases, individually or in the aggregate, classified as a finance leasing arrangement.
Operating leases are included in “operating lease right-of-use assets,” “accrued expenses and other current liabilities,” and “long-term operating lease liabilities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Our property leases are generally for an initial period between 5 and 20 years and are typically structured to include renewal options at our election. We include renewal options that we are reasonably certain to exercise in the measurement our lease liabilities and right-of-use assets. As the rate implicit in the lease is generally not readily determinable for our operating leases, the discount rates used to determine the present value of our lease liability are based on our incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date and commensurate with the remaining lease term. Our incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest we would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term for an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Refer to the disclosures provided in Part II, Item 8, Note 3 and Note 12 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our operating leases.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Please see the disclosures provided under “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in Part II, Item 8, Note 1 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements set forth below which are incorporated by reference herein.
Results of Operations
The following tables present comparative financial data relating to our operating performance in the aggregate and on a “same-store” basis. Dealership results are included in same-store comparisons when we have consolidated the acquired entity during the entirety of both periods being compared. As an example, if a dealership were acquired on January 15, 2018, the results of the acquired entity would be included in annual same-store comparisons beginning with the year ended December 31, 2020, and in quarterly same-store comparisons beginning with the quarter ended June 30, 2019.
The results for 2020 have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and each of the items mentioned below should be reviewed in light of our discussion under “COVID-19 Disclosure” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors” which are incorporated herein. The results for 2020 include a net income tax benefit of $11.4 million, or $0.14 per share, related to the CARES Act and various other U.S. and foreign tax legislation changes. The results for 2020 also include a net benefit of $3.3 million, or $0.04 per share, related to a gain on the sale of retail automotive dealerships, partially offset by a loss on debt extinguishment of $6.4 million, or $0.08 per share.
For the discussion and analysis comparing the results of operations for 2018 to 2019, we refer you to Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results in the 2019 Form 10-K filed on February 21, 2020.
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Retail Automotive Dealership New Vehicle Data
(In millions, except unit and perunit amounts)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | 2020 vs. 2019 | | | | | | | | | 2019 vs. 2018 | | ||||||
New Vehicle Data |
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| Change |
| % Change |
|
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| Change |
| % Change |
| ||||||
New retail unit sales |
| | 178,437 | | | 222,704 | | | (44,267) | | (19.9) | % | | | 222,704 | | | 235,964 | | | (13,260) | | (5.6) | % |
Same-store new retail unit sales |
| | 176,153 | | | 212,848 | | | (36,695) | | (17.2) | % | | | 214,389 | | | 225,513 | | | (11,124) | | (4.9) | % |
New retail sales revenue | | $ | 8,080.5 | | $ | 9,329.5 | | $ | (1,249.0) | | (13.4) | % | | $ | 9,329.5 | | $ | 9,666.4 | | $ | (336.9) | | (3.5) | % |
Same-store new retail sales revenue | | $ | 8,007.2 | | $ | 9,013.4 | | $ | (1,006.2) | | (11.2) | % | | $ | 9,000.7 | | $ | 9,291.4 | | $ | (290.7) | | (3.1) | % |
New retail sales revenue per unit | | $ | 45,285 | | $ | 41,892 | | $ | 3,393 | | 8.1 | % | | $ | 41,892 | | $ | 40,966 | | $ | 926 | | 2.3 | % |
Same-store new retail sales revenue per unit | | $ | 45,456 | | $ | 42,347 | | $ | 3,109 | | 7.3 | % | | $ | 41,983 | | $ | 41,201 | | $ | 782 | | 1.9 | % |
Gross profit — new | | $ | 652.8 | | $ | 695.6 | | $ | (42.8) | | (6.2) | % | | $ | 695.6 | | $ | 724.6 | | $ | (29.0) | | (4.0) | % |
Same-store gross profit — new | | $ | 648.7 | | $ | 676.2 | | $ | (27.5) | | (4.1) | % | | $ | 666.7 | | $ | 693.5 | | $ | (26.8) | | (3.9) | % |
Average gross profit per new vehicle retailed | | $ | 3,659 | | $ | 3,124 | | $ | 535 | | 17.1 | % | | $ | 3,124 | | $ | 3,070 | | $ | 54 | | 1.8 | % |
Same-store average gross profit per new vehicle retailed | | $ | 3,683 | | $ | 3,177 | | $ | 506 | | 15.9 | % | | $ | 3,110 | | $ | 3,075 | | $ | 35 | | 1.1 | % |
Gross margin % — new | |
| 8.1 | % |
| 7.5 | % |
| 0.6 | % | 8.0 | % | |
| 7.5 | % |
| 7.5 | % |
| — | % | — | % |
Same-store gross margin % — new | |
| 8.1 | % |
| 7.5 | % |
| 0.6 | % | 8.0 | % | |
| 7.4 | % |
| 7.5 | % |
| (0.1) | % | (1.3) | % |
Units
Retail unit sales of new vehicles decreased from 2019 to 2020 due to a 36,695 unit, or 17.2%, decrease in same-store new retail unit sales, coupled with a 7,572 unit decrease from net dealership dispositions. Same-store units decreased 14.0% in the U.S. and decreased 22.6% internationally. Overall, new units decreased 14.8% in the U.S. and decreased 27.8% internationally. The decrease in units is primarily due to the decline in our retail automotive business resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the limited availability of inventory from our manufacturers as discussed above.
Revenues
New vehicle retail sales revenue decreased from 2019 to 2020 due to a $1,006.2 million, or 11.2%, decrease in same-store revenues, coupled with a $242.8 million decrease from net dealership dispositions. Excluding $40.0 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store new retail revenue decreased 11.6%. The same-store revenue decrease is due to the decrease in same-store new retail unit sales, which decreased revenue by $1,553.9 million, partially offset by the $3,109 per unit increase in comparative average selling prices (including a $227 per unit increase attributable to favorable foreign currency fluctuations), which increased revenue by $547.7 million.
Gross Profit
Retail gross profit from new vehicle sales decreased from 2019 to 2020 due to a $27.5 million, or 4.1%, decrease in same-store gross profit, coupled with a $15.3 million decrease from net dealership dispositions. Excluding $3.9 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store gross profit decreased 4.6%. The decrease in same-store gross profit is due to the decrease in same-store new retail unit sales, which decreased gross profit by $116.6 million, partially offset by a $506 per unit increase in the average gross profit per new vehicle retailed (including a $22 per unit increase attributable to favorable foreign currency fluctuations), which increased gross profit by $89.1 million. The increase in average gross profit per new vehicle retailed is partially attributed to limited availability of inventory from our manufacturers as discussed above.
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Retail Automotive Dealership Used Vehicle Data
(In millions, except unit and per unit amounts)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | 2020 vs. 2019 | | | | | | | | | 2019 vs. 2018 |
| ||||||
Used Vehicle Data |
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| Change |
| % Change |
|
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| Change |
| % Change |
| ||||||
Used retail unit sales |
| | 233,469 | | | 284,190 | | | (50,721) | | (17.8) | % | | | 284,190 | | | 282,542 | | | 1,648 | | 0.6 | % |
Same-store used retail unit sales |
| | 226,920 | | | 273,732 | | | (46,812) | | (17.1) | % | | | 275,123 | | | 272,086 | | | 3,037 | | 1.1 | % |
Used retail sales revenue | | $ | 6,414.7 | | $ | 7,241.2 | | $ | (826.5) | | (11.4) | % | | $ | 7,241.2 | | $ | 7,252.1 | | $ | (10.9) | | (0.2) | % |
Same-store used retail sales revenue | | $ | 6,289.4 | | $ | 7,015.2 | | $ | (725.8) | | (10.3) | % | | $ | 7,029.3 | | $ | 7,028.3 | | $ | 1.0 | | 0.0 | % |
Used retail sales revenue per unit | | $ | 27,476 | | $ | 25,480 | | $ | 1,996 | | 7.8 | % | | $ | 25,480 | | $ | 25,667 | | $ | (187) | | (0.7) | % |
Same-store used retail sales revenue per unit | | $ | 27,716 | | $ | 25,628 | | $ | 2,088 | | 8.1 | % | | $ | 25,550 | | $ | 25,831 | | $ | (281) | | (1.1) | % |
Gross profit — used | | $ | 388.9 | | $ | 366.1 | | $ | 22.8 | | 6.2 | % | | $ | 366.1 | | $ | 409.1 | | $ | (43.0) | | (10.5) | % |
Same-store gross profit — used | | $ | 382.4 | | $ | 359.8 | | $ | 22.6 | | 6.3 | % | | $ | 359.3 | | $ | 399.0 | | $ | (39.7) | | (9.9) | % |
Average gross profit per used vehicle retailed | | $ | 1,666 | | $ | 1,288 | | $ | 378 | | 29.3 | % | | $ | 1,288 | | $ | 1,448 | | $ | (160) | | (11.0) | % |
Same-store average gross profit per used vehicle retailed | | $ | 1,685 | | $ | 1,314 | | $ | 371 | | 28.2 | % | | $ | 1,306 | | $ | 1,466 | | $ | (160) | | (10.9) | % |
Gross margin % — used | |
| 6.1 | % |
| 5.1 | % |
| 1.0 | % | 19.6 | % | |
| 5.1 | % |
| 5.6 | % | | (0.5) | % | (8.9) | % |
Same-store gross margin % — used | |
| 6.1 | % |
| 5.1 | % |
| 1.0 | % | 19.6 | % | |
| 5.1 | % |
| 5.7 | % | | (0.6) | % | (10.5) | % |
Units
Retail unit sales of used vehicles decreased from 2019 to 2020 due to a 46,812 unit, or 17.1%, decrease in same-store used retail unit sales, coupled with a 3,909 unit decrease from net dealership dispositions. Same-store units decreased 14.8% in the U.S. and decreased 19.1% internationally. Same-store retail units for our U.S. and U.K. Used Vehicle SuperCenters decreased 26.9% and 31.3%, respectively. Overall, used units decreased 14.5% in the U.S. and decreased 20.7% internationally. The decrease in units is primarily due to the decline in our retail automotive business resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Revenues
Used vehicle retail sales revenue decreased from 2019 to 2020 due to a $725.8 million decrease in same-store revenues, coupled with a $100.7 million decrease from net dealership dispositions. Excluding $58.9 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store used retail revenue decreased 11.2%. The same-store revenue decrease is primarily due to the decrease in same-store used retail unit sales, which decreased revenue by $1,199.6 million, partially offset by a $2,088 per unit increase in comparative average selling prices (including a $259 per unit increase attributable to favorable foreign currency fluctuations), which increased revenue by $473.8 million. The average sales price per unit for our Used Vehicle SuperCenters increased 7.8% to $15,901.
Gross Profit
Retail gross profit from used vehicle sales increased $22.8 million, or 6.2%, from 2019 to 2020, including a $22.6 million, or 6.3%, increase in same-store gross profit. Excluding $4.1 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store gross profit increased 5.1%. The increase in same-store gross profit is due to a $371 per unit increase in average gross profit per used vehicle retailed (including an $18 per unit increase attributable to favorable foreign currency fluctuations), which increased gross profit by $84.1 million, partially offset by the decrease in same-store used retail unit sales, which decreased gross profit by $61.5 million. The average gross profit per unit for our Used Vehicle SuperCenters increased 16.2% to $924. The increase in average gross profit per used vehicle retailed is primarily due to
45
lower inventory availability of new vehicles and greater affordability of used vehicles as compared to new, which increased demand for used vehicles, and improved vehicle sourcing particularly in our Used Vehicle SuperCenters.
Retail Automotive Dealership Finance and Insurance Data
(In millions, except unit and perunit amounts)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | 2020 vs. 2019 | | | | | | | | | 2019 vs. 2018 |
| ||||||
Finance and Insurance Data |
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| Change |
| % Change |
|
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| Change |
| % Change |
| ||||||
Total retail unit sales |
| | 411,906 |
| | 506,894 |
| | (94,988) | | (18.7) | % | | | 506,894 |
| | 518,506 |
| | (11,612) | | (2.2) | % |
Total same-store retail unit sales |
| | 403,073 |
| | 486,580 |
| | (83,507) | | (17.2) | % | | | 489,512 |
| | 497,599 |
| | (8,087) | | (1.6) | % |
Finance and insurance revenue | | $ | 576.3 | | $ | 652.1 | | $ | (75.8) | | (11.6) | % | | $ | 652.1 | | $ | 629.6 | | $ | 22.5 | | 3.6 | % |
Same-store finance and insurance revenue | | $ | 566.1 | | $ | 634.0 | | $ | (67.9) | | (10.7) | % | | $ | 635.9 | | $ | 611.7 | | $ | 24.2 | | 4.0 | % |
Finance and insurance revenue per unit | | $ | 1,399 | | $ | 1,287 | | $ | 112 | | 8.7 | % | | $ | 1,287 | | $ | 1,214 | | $ | 73 | | 6.0 | % |
Same-store finance and insurance revenue per unit | | $ | 1,404 | | $ | 1,303 | | $ | 101 | | 7.8 | % | | $ | 1,299 | | $ | 1,229 | | $ | 70 | | 5.7 | % |
Finance and insurance revenue decreased from 2019 to 2020 due to a $67.9 million, or 10.7%, decrease in same-store revenues, coupled with a $7.9 million decrease from net dealership dispositions. Excluding $3.6 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store finance and insurance revenue decreased 11.3%. The same-store revenue decrease is due to the decrease in same-store retail unit sales, which decreased revenue by $108.7 million, partially offset by a $101 per unit increase in comparative average finance and insurance revenue per unit (including an $8 per unit increase attributable to favorable foreign currency fluctuations), which increased revenue by $40.8 million. Finance and insurance revenue per unit increased 9.1% in the U.S. and 6.5% in the U.K. We believe the increase in same-store finance and insurance revenue per unit is primarily due to our efforts to increase finance and insurance penetration, which include implementing interactive digital customer sales platforms, additional training, and targeting underperforming locations.
Retail Automotive Dealership Service and Parts Data
(In millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | 2020 vs. 2019 | | | | | | | | | 2019 vs. 2018 |
| ||||||
Service and Parts Data |
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| Change |
| % Change |
|
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| Change |
| % Change |
| ||||||
Service and parts revenue | | $ | 1,883.7 | | $ | 2,195.9 | | $ | (312.2) | | (14.2) | % | | $ | 2,195.9 | | $ | 2,151.4 | | $ | 44.5 | | 2.1 | % |
Same-store service and parts revenue | | $ | 1,867.4 | | $ | 2,134.3 | | $ | (266.9) | | (12.5) | % | | $ | 2,134.0 | | $ | 2,079.9 | | $ | 54.1 | | 2.6 | % |
Gross profit — service and parts | | $ | 1,127.4 | | $ | 1,305.8 | | $ | (178.4) | | (13.7) | % | | $ | 1,305.8 | | $ | 1,277.3 | | $ | 28.5 | | 2.2 | % |
Same-store service and parts gross profit | | $ | 1,115.7 | | $ | 1,266.3 | | $ | (150.6) | | (11.9) | % | | $ | 1,266.4 | | $ | 1,234.5 | | $ | 31.9 | | 2.6 | % |
Gross margin % — service and parts | |
| 59.9 | % |
| 59.5 | % |
| 0.4 | % | 0.7 | % | |
| 59.5 | % |
| 59.4 | % |
| 0.1 | % | 0.2 | % |
Same-store service and parts gross margin % | |
| 59.7 | % |
| 59.3 | % |
| 0.4 | % | 0.7 | % | |
| 59.3 | % |
| 59.4 | % |
| (0.1) | % | (0.2) | % |
Revenues
Service and parts revenue decreased from 2019 to 2020 with a decrease of 13.3% in the U.S. and 15.9% internationally. The overall decrease in service and parts revenue is due to a $266.9 million, or 12.5%, decrease in same-store revenues, coupled with a $45.3 million decrease from net dealership dispositions. Excluding $10.1 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store revenue decreased 13.0%. The decrease in same-store revenue is due to a $161.7 million, or 11.2%, decrease in customer pay revenue, a $77.8 million, or 14.3% decrease in warranty revenue, and a $27.4 million, or 18.6%, decrease in vehicle preparation and body shop revenue. We believe the decrease
46
in service and parts revenue is related to the COVID-19 pandemic discussed above as changes in vehicle use patterns such as working from home resulted in lower vehicle miles traveled, coupled with lower vehicle recall activity.
Gross Profit
Service and parts gross profit decreased from 2019 to 2020 due to a $150.6 million, or 11.9%, decrease in same-store gross profit, coupled with a $27.8 million decrease from net dispositions. Excluding $5.7 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store gross profit decreased 12.3%. The same-store gross profit decrease is due to the decrease in same-store revenues, which decreased gross profit by $159.4 million, partially offset by a 0.4% increase in same-store gross margin, which increased gross profit by $8.8 million. The same-store gross profit decrease is due to a $73.7 million, or 10.7%, decrease in customer pay gross profit, a $41.5 million, or 14.6%, decrease in vehicle preparation and body shop gross profit, and a $35.4 million, or 12.2%, decrease in warranty gross profit.
Retail Commercial Truck Dealership Data
(In millions, except unit and per unit amounts)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | 2020 vs. 2019 | | | | | | | | | 2019 vs. 2018 | | ||||||
New Commercial Truck Data |
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| Change |
| % Change |
|
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| Change |
| % Change |
| ||||||
New retail unit sales |
| | 11,324 | | | 11,897 | | | (573) | | (4.8) | % |
| | 11,897 | | | 8,291 | | | 3,606 | | 43.5 | % |
Same-store new retail unit sales |
| | 7,577 | | | 8,415 | | | (838) | | (10.0) | % |
| | 8,306 | | | 8,200 | | | 106 | | 1.3 | % |
New retail sales revenue | | $ | 1,315.9 | | $ | 1,347.2 | | $ | (31.3) | | (2.3) | % | | $ | 1,347.2 | | $ | 866.9 | | $ | 480.3 | | 55.4 | % |
Same-store new retail sales revenue | | $ | 885.9 | | $ | 934.3 | | $ | (48.4) | | (5.2) | % | | $ | 921.0 | | $ | 854.3 | | $ | 66.7 | | 7.8 | % |
New retail sales revenue per unit | | $ | 116,201 | | $ | 113,239 | | $ | 2,962 | | 2.6 | % | | $ | 113,239 | | $ | 104,563 | | $ | 8,676 | | 8.3 | % |
Same-store new retail sales revenue per unit | | $ | 116,915 | | $ | 111,024 | | $ | 5,891 | | 5.3 | % | | $ | 110,883 | | $ | 104,179 | | $ | 6,704 | | 6.4 | % |
Gross profit — new | | $ | 50.4 | | $ | 61.4 | | $ | (11.0) | | (17.9) | % | | $ | 61.4 | | $ | 40.8 | | $ | 20.6 | | 50.5 | % |
Same-store gross profit — new | | $ | 34.2 | | $ | 40.1 | | $ | (5.9) | | (14.7) | % | | $ | 39.1 | | $ | 40.0 | | $ | (0.9) | | (2.3) | % |
Average gross profit per new truck retailed | | $ | 4,451 | | $ | 5,164 | | $ | (713) | | (13.8) | % | | $ | 5,164 | | $ | 4,916 | | $ | 248 | | 5.0 | % |
Same-store average gross profit per new truck retailed | | $ | 4,513 | | $ | 4,762 | | $ | (249) | | (5.2) | % | | $ | 4,708 | | $ | 4,873 | | $ | (165) | | (3.4) | % |
Gross margin % — new | |
| 3.8 | % |
| 4.6 | % | | (0.8) | % | (17.4) | % | |
| 4.6 | % |
| 4.7 | % | | (0.1) | % | (2.1) | % |
Same-store gross margin % — new | |
| 3.9 | % |
| 4.3 | % |
| (0.4) | % | (9.3) | % | |
| 4.2 | % |
| 4.7 | % |
| (0.5) | % | (10.6) | % |
Units
Retail unit sales of new trucks decreased from 2019 to 2020 primarily due to an 838 unit, or 10.0%, decrease in same-store retail unit sales, partially offset by a 265 unit increase from net dealership acquisitions. Same-store new truck units decreased largely due to the expected decline from cyclicality as the North American Class 6-8 heavy-duty truck sales decreased 29.6% during 2020, coupled with challenging business conditions related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Revenues
New commercial truck retail sales revenue decreased from 2019 to 2020 due to a $48.4 million, or 5.2%, decrease in same-store revenues, partially offset by a $17.1 million increase from net dealership acquisitions. The same-store revenue decrease is due to the decrease in same-store new retail unit sales, which decreased revenue by $93.0 million, partially offset by a $5,891 per unit increase in comparative average selling prices, which increased revenue by $44.6 million.
Gross Profit
New commercial truck retail gross profit decreased $11.0 million, or 17.9%, from 2019 to 2020, including a $5.9 million, or 14.7%, decrease in same-store gross profit. The decrease in same-store gross profit is due to the decrease in same-store new retail unit sales, which decreased gross profit by $4.0 million, coupled with a $249 per unit decrease in average gross profit per new truck retailed, which decreased gross profit by $1.9 million.
47
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | 2020 vs. 2019 | | | | | | | | | 2019 vs. 2018 | | ||||||
Used Commercial Truck Data |
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| Change |
| % Change |
|
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| Change |
| % Change |
| ||||||
Used retail unit sales |
| | 3,826 | | | 1,954 | | | 1,872 | | 95.8 | % |
| | 1,954 | | | 1,973 | | | (19) | | (1.0) | % |
Same-store used retail unit sales |
| | 2,530 | | | 1,644 | | | 886 | | 53.9 | % |
| | 1,633 | | | 1,971 | | | (338) | | (17.1) | % |
Used retail sales revenue | | $ | 194.2 | | $ | 117.0 | | $ | 77.2 | | 66.0 | % | | $ | 117.0 | | $ | 112.0 | | $ | 5.0 | | 4.5 | % |
Same-store used retail sales revenue | | $ | 129.7 | | $ | 97.8 | | $ | 31.9 | | 32.6 | % | | $ | 97.4 | | $ | 111.9 | | $ | (14.5) | | (13.0) | % |
Used retail sales revenue per unit | | $ | 50,747 | | $ | 59,865 | | $ | (9,118) | | (15.2) | % | | $ | 59,865 | | $ | 56,767 | | $ | 3,098 | | 5.5 | % |
Same-store used retail sales revenue per unit | | $ | 51,279 | | $ | 59,510 | | $ | (8,231) | | (13.8) | % | | $ | 59,654 | | $ | 56,782 | | $ | 2,872 | | 5.1 | % |
Gross profit — used | | $ | 0.4 | | $ | 9.2 | | $ | (8.8) | | (95.7) | % | | $ | 9.2 | | $ | 12.7 | | $ | (3.5) | | (27.6) | % |
Same-store gross profit — used | | $ | 5.2 | | $ | 7.9 | | $ | (2.7) | | (34.2) | % | | $ | 7.9 | | $ | 12.7 | | $ | (4.8) | | (37.8) | % |
Average gross profit per used truck retailed | | $ | 97 | | $ | 4,706 | | $ | (4,609) | | (97.9) | % | | $ | 4,706 | | $ | 6,422 | | $ | (1,716) | | (26.7) | % |
Same-store average gross profit per used truck retailed | | $ | 2,073 | | $ | 4,836 | | $ | (2,763) | | (57.1) | % | | $ | 4,834 | | $ | 6,419 | | $ | (1,585) | | (24.7) | % |
Gross margin % — used | |
| 0.2 | % |
| 7.9 | % | | (7.7) | % | (97.5) | % | |
| 7.9 | % |
| 11.3 | % | | (3.4) | % | (30.1) | % |
Same-store gross margin % — used | |
| 4.0 | % |
| 8.1 | % |
| (4.1) | % | (50.6) | % | |
| 8.1 | % |
| 11.3 | % |
| (3.2) | % | (28.3) | % |
Units
Retail unit sales of used trucks increased from 2019 to 2020 due to a 986 unit increase from net dealership acquisitions, coupled with an 886 unit, or 53.9%, increase in same-store retail unit sales. We believe the increase in used truck unit sales is attributable to our marketing efforts to retail an oversupply of used inventory earlier in 2020, coupled with higher demand for used vehicles later in the year as higher freight rates increased demand for used units.
Revenues
Used commercial truck retail sales revenue increased from 2019 to 2020 due to a $45.3 million increase from net dealership acquisitions, coupled with a $31.9 million, or 32.6%, increase in same-store revenues. The same-store revenue increase is due to the increase in same-store used retail unit sales, which increased revenue by $45.4 million, partially offset by an $8,231 per unit decrease in comparative average selling prices, which decreased revenue by $13.5 million. The decline in used retail sales revenue per unit is attributable to an oversupply of used trucks in the market when compared to 2019.
Gross Profit
Used commercial truck retail gross profit decreased $8.8 million, or 95.7%, from 2019 to 2020, including a $2.7 million, or 34.2%, decrease in same-store gross profit. The decrease in same-store gross profit is due to a $2,763 per unit decrease in average gross profit per used truck retailed, which decreased gross profit by $4.5 million, partially offset by the increase in same-store used retail unit sales, which increased gross profit by $1.8 million. The decline in average gross profit per used truck retailed is attributable to an oversupply of used trucks in the market when compared to 2019, combined with greater availability of new heavy-duty trucks.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | 2020 vs. 2019 | | | | | | | | | 2019 vs. 2018 | | ||||||
Service and Parts Data |
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| Change |
| % Change |
|
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| Change |
| % Change |
| ||||||
Service and parts revenue | | $ | 478.1 | | $ | 503.3 | | $ | (25.2) | | (5.0) | % | | $ | 503.3 | | $ | 364.5 | | $ | 138.8 | | 38.1 | % |
Same-store service and parts revenue | | $ | 335.4 | | $ | 371.9 | | $ | (36.5) | | (9.8) | % | | $ | 368.5 | | $ | 360.1 | | $ | 8.4 | | 2.3 | % |
Gross profit — service and parts | | $ | 207.3 | | $ | 182.4 | | $ | 24.9 | | 13.7 | % | | $ | 182.4 | | $ | 140.8 | | $ | 41.6 | | 29.5 | % |
Same-store service and parts gross profit | | $ | 135.9 | | $ | 146.8 | | $ | (10.9) | | (7.4) | % | | $ | 145.4 | | $ | 139.1 | | $ | 6.3 | | 4.5 | % |
Gross margin % — service and parts | |
| 43.4 | % |
| 36.2 | % | | 7.2 | % | 19.9 | % | |
| 36.2 | % |
| 38.6 | % | | (2.4) | % | (6.2) | % |
Same-store service and parts gross margin % | |
| 40.5 | % |
| 39.5 | % |
| 1.0 | % | 2.5 | % | |
| 39.5 | % |
| 38.6 | % |
| 0.9 | % | 2.3 | % |
Revenues
Service and parts revenue decreased from 2019 to 2020 due to a $36.5 million, or 9.8%, decrease in same-store revenues, partially offset by an $11.3 million increase from net dealership acquisitions. Customer pay work represents approximately 77.4% of PTG’s service and parts revenue, largely due to the significant amount of retail sales of parts
48
and accessories. The decrease in same-store revenue is due to a $33.3 million, or 10.7%, decrease in customer pay revenue, a $2.0 million, or 4.2%, decrease in warranty revenue, and a $1.2 million, or 8.2%, decrease in body shop revenue. The same-store decrease in service and parts revenue is primarily due to the decline in new retail truck sales which correlates to service for certain customers, a change in fleet services revenue, and the COVID-19 pandemic as discussed above.
Gross Profit
Service and parts gross profit increased from 2019 to 2020 due to a $35.8 million increase from net dealership acquisitions, partially offset by a $10.9 million, or 7.4%, decrease in same-store gross profit. The same-store gross profit decrease is due to the decrease in same-store revenues, which decreased gross profit by $14.9 million, partially offset by a 1.0% increase in gross margin, which increased gross profit by $4.0 million. The same-store gross profit decrease is due to an $11.1 million, or 10.3%, decrease in customer pay gross profit, a $0.1 million, or 0.4%, decrease in warranty gross profit, partially offset by a $0.3 million, or 2.5%, increase in body shop gross profit.
Commercial Vehicle Distribution Data
(In millions, except unit amounts)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | 2020 vs. 2019 | | | | | | | | | 2019 vs. 2018 | | ||||||
Penske Australia Data |
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| Change |
| % Change |
| | 2019 | | 2018 | | Change |
| % Change | | ||||||
Units |
| | 966 | | | 1,569 | | | (603) | | (38.4) | % | | | 1,569 | | | 1,345 | | | 224 | | 16.7 | % |
Sales revenue | | $ | 454.2 | | $ | 513.1 | | $ | (58.9) | | (11.5) | % | | $ | 513.1 | | $ | 558.5 | | $ | (45.4) | | (8.1) | % |
Gross profit | | $ | 122.3 | | $ | 138.8 | | $ | (16.5) | | (11.9) | % | | $ | 138.8 | | $ | 144.6 | | $ | (5.8) | | (4.0) | % |
Our Penske Australia operations are primarily comprised of commercial vehicle, engine, and power systems distribution. This business generated $454.2 million of revenue during 2020 compared to $513.1 million of revenue during 2019, a decrease of 11.5%. These businesses generated $122.3 million of gross profit during 2020 compared to $138.8 million of gross profit during 2019, a decrease of 11.9%.
The decrease in units from 2019 to 2020 is primarily due to the decline in the Australian heavy-duty truck market, including significant declines due to the COVID-19 pandemic as discussed above. Excluding $1.5 million of unfavorable foreign currency fluctuations, revenues decreased 11.2%. Excluding $0.8 million of unfavorable foreign currency fluctuations, gross profit decreased 11.3%.
Selling, General and Administrative Data
(In millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | 2020 vs. 2019 | | | | | | | | 2019 vs. 2018 |
| ||||||
Selling, General, and Administrative Data |
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| Change |
| % Change | | 2019 |
| 2018 |
| Change |
| % Change | | ||||||
Personnel expense | | $ | 1,402.4 | | $ | 1,570.8 | | $ | (168.4) | | (10.7) | % | $ | 1,570.8 | | $ | 1,542.7 | | $ | 28.1 | | 1.8 | % |
Advertising expense | | $ | 81.1 | | $ | 112.6 | | $ | (31.5) | | (28.0) | % | $ | 112.6 | | $ | 115.2 | | $ | (2.6) | | (2.3) | % |
Rent & related expense | | $ | 316.6 | | $ | 339.9 | | $ | (23.3) | | (6.9) | % | $ | 339.9 | | $ | 336.4 | | $ | 3.5 | | 1.0 | % |
Other expense | | $ | 564.4 | | $ | 669.9 | | $ | (105.5) | | (15.7) | % | $ | 669.9 | | $ | 652.0 | | $ | 17.9 | | 2.7 | % |
Total SG&A expenses | | $ | 2,364.5 | | $ | 2,693.2 | | $ | (328.7) | | (12.2) | % | $ | 2,693.2 | | $ | 2,646.3 | | $ | 46.9 | | 1.8 | % |
Same-store SG&A expenses | | $ | 2,265.5 | | $ | 2,578.0 | | $ | (312.5) | | (12.1) | % | $ | 2,578.1 | | $ | 2,547.1 | | $ | 31.0 | | 1.2 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Personnel expense as % of gross profit | |
| 44.0 | % |
| 45.5 | % |
| (1.5) | % | (3.3) | % |
| 45.5 | % |
| 45.2 | % |
| 0.3 | % | 0.7 | % |
Advertising expense as % of gross profit | |
| 2.5 | % |
| 3.3 | % | | (0.8) | % | (24.2) | % |
| 3.3 | % |
| 3.4 | % | | (0.1) | % | (2.9) | % |
Rent & related expense as % of gross profit | |
| 9.9 | % |
| 9.8 | % | | 0.1 | % | 1.0 | % |
| 9.8 | % |
| 9.9 | % | | (0.1) | % | (1.0) | % |
Other expense as % of gross profit | |
| 17.9 | % |
| 19.3 | % |
| (1.4) | % | (7.3) | % |
| 19.3 | % |
| 19.1 | % |
| 0.2 | % | 1.0 | % |
Total SG&A expenses as % of gross profit | |
| 74.3 | % |
| 77.9 | % |
| (3.6) | % | (4.6) | % |
| 77.9 | % |
| 77.5 | % |
| 0.4 | % | 0.5 | % |
Same-store SG&A expenses as % of same-store gross profit | |
| 73.8 | % |
| 77.8 | % | | (4.0) | % | (5.1) | % |
| 78.1 | % |
| 77.0 | % | | 1.1 | % | 1.4 | % |
49
Selling, general, and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) decreased from 2019 to 2020 due to a $312.5 million, or 12.1%, decrease in same-store SG&A, coupled with a $16.2 million decrease from net dispositions. Excluding the $10.6 million increase related to foreign currency fluctuations, same-store SG&A decreased 12.5%. The decrease in SG&A is primarily due to employee reductions, temporary compensation reductions, government assistance, a reduction of travel and entertainment expenses, and other expense reductions as discussed above under “COVID-19 Disclosure.”
SG&A expenses as a percentage of total revenue were 11.6%, 11.6%, and 11.6% in 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively, and as a percentage of gross profit were 74.3%, 77.9%, and 77.5%, in 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.
Depreciation
(In millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | 2020 vs. 2019 | | | | | | | | 2019 vs. 2018 |
| ||||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| Change |
| % Change |
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| Change |
| % Change |
| ||||||
Depreciation | | $ | 115.5 | | $ | 109.6 | | $ | 5.9 |
| 5.4 | % | $ | 109.6 | | $ | 103.7 | | $ | 5.9 |
| 5.7 | % |
The increase in depreciation from 2019 to 2020 is primarily due to a $6.7 million, or 6.4%, increase in same-store depreciation, partially offset by a $0.8 million decrease from net dispositions. The overall increase is primarily related to our ongoing facility improvements and expansion programs.
Floor Plan Interest Expense
(In millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | 2020 vs. 2019 | | | | | | | | 2019 vs. 2018 |
| ||||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| Change |
| % Change |
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| Change |
| % Change |
| ||||||
Floor plan interest expense | | $ | 46.3 | | $ | 84.5 | | $ | (38.2) |
| (45.2) | % | $ | 84.5 | | $ | 80.9 | | $ | 3.6 |
| 4.4 | % |
Floor plan interest expense, including the impact of swap transactions, decreased $38.2 million from 2019 to 2020 primarily due to a $36.0 million decrease in same-store floor plan interest expense, coupled with $2.2 million decrease from net dealership dispositions. The overall decrease is primarily due to decreases in amounts outstanding under floor plan arrangements and decreases in applicable rates.
Other Interest Expense
(In millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | 2020 vs. 2019 | | | | | | | | 2019 vs. 2018 |
| ||||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| Change |
| % Change |
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| Change |
| % Change |
| ||||||
Other interest expense | | $ | 119.6 | | $ | 124.2 | | $ | (4.6) |
| (3.7) | % | $ | 124.2 | | $ | 114.7 | | $ | 9.5 |
| 8.3 | % |
The decrease in other interest expense from 2019 to 2020 is primarily due to the decrease in outstanding revolver borrowings under the U.S. and U.K. credit agreements, decreases in applicable rates, and redemption of certain senior subordinated notes.
Equity in Earnings of Affiliates
(In millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | 2020 vs. 2019 | | | | | | | | 2019 vs. 2018 |
| ||||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| Change |
| % Change |
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| Change |
| % Change |
| ||||||
Equity in earnings of affiliates | | $ | 169.0 | | $ | 147.5 | | $ | 21.5 |
| 14.6 | % | $ | 147.5 | | $ | 134.8 | | $ | 12.7 |
| 9.4 | % |
The increase in equity in earnings of affiliates from 2019 to 2020 is primarily due to a $22.1 million, or 15.5%, increase in earnings from our investment in PTS, partially offset by the decrease in earnings from our retail automotive joint ventures. The increase in our PTS equity earnings is primarily attributed to increases in full service lease demand,
50
strong consumer rental demand, higher vehicle utilization rates in commercial rental, and cost reduction efforts in the logistics operations, partially offset by lower gains on sale from remarketing activities.
Income Taxes
(In millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | 2020 vs. 2019 | | | | | | | | 2019 vs. 2018 |
| ||||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| Change |
| % Change |
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| Change |
| % Change |
| ||||||
Income taxes | | $ | 162.7 | | $ | 156.7 | | $ | 6.0 |
| 3.8 | % | $ | 156.7 | | $ | 134.3 | | $ | 22.4 |
| 16.7 | % |
Income taxes increased from 2019 to 2020 primarily due to a $116.1 million increase in our pre-tax income compared to the prior year, partially offset by a net income tax benefit of $11.4 million from various U.S. and foreign tax legislation changes. Our effective tax rate was 23.0% during 2020 compared to 26.5% during 2019primarily due to the income tax benefit discussed above as well as the fluctuations in our geographic pre-tax income mix.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our cash requirements are primarily for working capital, inventory financing, the acquisition of new businesses, the improvement and expansion of existing facilities, the purchase or construction of new facilities, building additional Used Vehicle SuperCenters (including five additional sites currently under development), debt service and repayments, dividends, and potential repurchases of our outstanding securities under the program discussed below. Historically, these cash requirements have been met through cash flow from operations, borrowings under our credit agreements and floor plan arrangements, the issuance of debt securities, sale-leaseback transactions, mortgages, and dividends and distributions from joint venture investments.
We have historically expanded our operations through organic growth and the acquisition of dealerships and other businesses. We believe that cash flow from operations, dividends and distributions from our joint venture investments, and our existing capital resources, including the liquidity provided by our credit agreements and floor plan financing arrangements, will be sufficient to fund our existing operations and current commitments for at least the next twelve months. In the event that economic conditions remain impacted for longer than we expect due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we pursue significant acquisitions or other expansion opportunities, pursue significant repurchases of our outstanding securities, or refinance or repay existing debt, we may need to raise additional capital either through the public or private issuance of equity or debt securities or through additional borrowings, which sources of funds may not necessarily be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. In addition, our liquidity could be negatively impacted in the event we fail to comply with the covenants under our various financing and operating agreements or in the event our floor plan financing is withdrawn. Future events, including acquisitions, divestitures, new or revised operating lease agreements, borrowings or repayments under our credit agreements and our floor plan arrangements, raising capital, and purchases or refinancing of our securities, may also impact our liquidity.
We expect that scheduled payments of our debt instruments will be funded through cash flows from operations or borrowings under our credit agreements. In the case of payments upon the maturity or termination dates of our debt instruments, we currently expect to be able to refinance such instruments in the normal course of business or otherwise fund them from cash flows from operations or borrowings under our credit agreements. Refer to the disclosures provided in Part II, Item 8, Note 10 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements set forth below for a detailed description of our long-term debt obligations and scheduled interest payments.
Floor plan notes payable are revolving financing arrangements. Payments are generally made as required pursuant to the floor plan borrowing agreements. Refer to the disclosures provided in Part II, Item 8, Note 9 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed description of financing for the vehicles we purchase, including discussion of our floor plan and other revolving arrangements.
Refer to the disclosures provided in Part II, Item 8, Note 12 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our off-balance sheet arrangements which includes a repurchase commitment related to our floor plan credit agreement with Mercedes Benz Financial Services Australia.
51
As of December 31, 2020, we had $49.5 million of cash available to fund our operations and capital commitments. In addition, we had $692.0 million, £162.0 million ($221.4 million), and AU $50.0 million ($38.5 million) available for borrowing under our U.S. credit agreement, U.K. credit agreement, and Australian working capital loan agreement, respectively.
Securities Repurchases
From time to time, our Board of Directors has authorized securities repurchase programs pursuant to which we may, as market conditions warrant, purchase our outstanding common stock or debt on the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, via a tender offer, or through a pre-arranged trading plan. We have historically funded any such repurchases using cash flow from operations, borrowings under our U.S. credit agreement, and borrowings under our U.S. floor plan arrangements. The decision to make repurchases will be based on factors such as the market price of the relevant security versus our view of its intrinsic value, the potential impact of such repurchases on our capital structure, and our consideration of any alternative uses of our capital, such as for acquisitions and strategic investments in our current businesses, in addition to any then-existing limits imposed by our finance agreements and securities trading policy. As of December 31, 2020, we had $170.6 million in repurchase authorization remaining under the securities repurchase program. Refer to the disclosures provided in Part II, Item 8, Note 15 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a summary of shares repurchased during 2020.
Dividends
We paid the following cash dividends on our common stock in 2019 and 2020:
Per Share Dividends
| | | |
2019 |
|
| |
| | | |
First Quarter | | $ | 0.38 |
Second Quarter | |
| 0.39 |
Third Quarter | |
| 0.40 |
Fourth Quarter | |
| 0.41 |
| | | |
2020 |
|
| |
| | | |
First Quarter | | $ | 0.42 |
Second Quarter | | $ | — |
Third Quarter | | $ | — |
Fourth Quarter | | $ | 0.42 |
In May 2020, our Board of Directors suspended our cash dividend. On October 14, 2020, we announced the reinstatement of our cash dividend in the amount of $0.42 per share. We also announced a cash dividend of $0.43 per share payable on March 1, 2021, to stockholders of record as of February 10, 2021, which represents a dividend yield of 2.7% using our January 25, 2021, closing stock price. Future quarterly or other cash dividends will depend upon a variety of factors considered relevant by our Board of Directors, which may include our expectations regarding the severity and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, earnings, cash flow, capital requirements, restrictions relating to any then-existing indebtedness, financial condition and other factors.
Vehicle Financing
Refer to the disclosures provided in Part II, Item 8, Note 9 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed description of financing for the vehicles we purchase, including discussion of our floor plan and other revolving arrangements.
52
Long-Term Debt Obligations
As of December 31, 2020, we had the following long-term debt obligations outstanding:
| | | |
|
| December 31, | |
(In millions) | | 2020 | |
U.S. credit agreement — revolving credit line | | $ | 108.0 |
U.K. credit agreement — revolving credit line | |
| — |
U.K. credit agreement — overdraft line of credit | |
| — |
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025 | | | 543.2 |
5.50% senior subordinated notes due 2026 | | | 496.4 |
Australia capital loan agreement | | | 32.1 |
Australia working capital loan agreement | |
| — |
Mortgage facilities | |
| 458.1 |
Other | |
| 51.8 |
Total long-term debt | | $ | 1,689.6 |
During the third quarter of 2020, we repaid in full at scheduled maturity our $300 million 3.75% senior subordinated notes due August 15, 2020. We also issued $550 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025 in August 2020, the proceeds of which were used to redeem our $550 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.75% senior subordinated notes due 2022 on October 1, 2020. During the fourth quarter of 2020, we also redeemed our $300 million 5.375% senior subordinated notes due 2024 at a redemption price equal to 101.792% of the principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest, using availability under our U.S. revolving credit facility and cash flow from operations.
As of December 31, 2020, we were in compliance with all covenants under our credit agreements, and we believe we will remain in compliance with such covenants for the next twelve months. Refer to the disclosures provided in Part II, Item 8, Note 10 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements set forth below for a detailed description of our long-term debt obligations.
Short-Term Borrowings
We have four principal sources of short-term borrowings: the revolving portion of the U.S. credit agreement, the revolving portion of the U.K. credit agreement, our Australian working capital loan agreement, and the floor plan agreements that we utilize to finance our vehicle inventories. We are also able to access availability under the floor plan agreements to fund our cash needs, including payments made relating to our higher interest rate revolving credit agreements.
During 2020, outstanding revolving commitments varied between $0.0 million and $525.0 million under the U.S. credit agreement, between £0.0 million and £140.0 million ($0.0 million and $191.3 million) under the U.K. credit agreement’s revolving credit line (excluding the overdraft facility), and between AU $0.0 million and AU $20.0 million ($0.0 million and $15.4 million) under the Australia working capital loan agreement. The amounts outstanding under our floor plan agreements varied based on the timing of the receipt and expenditure of cash in our operations, driven principally by the levels of our vehicle inventories.
Interest Rate Swaps
The Company periodically uses interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk associated with the Company’s variable rate floor plan debt. In April 2020, we entered into a new five-year interest rate swap agreement pursuant to which the LIBOR portion of $300.0 million of our U.S. floating rate floor plan debt is fixed at 0.5875%. This arrangement is in effect through April 2025. We may terminate this arrangement at any time, subject to the settlement at that time of the fair value of the swap arrangement. As of December 31, 2020, the fair value of the swap designated as hedging instruments was estimated to be a net liability of $4.3 million.
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PTS Dividends
We hold a 28.9% ownership interest in PTS as noted above. Their partnership agreement requires PTS, subject to applicable law and the terms of its credit agreements, to make quarterly distributions to the partners with respect to each fiscal year by no later than 45 days after the end of each of the first three quarters of the year and by April 15 of the following year. PTS’ principal debt agreements allow partner distributions only as long as they are not in default under that agreement and the amount they pay does not exceed 50% of its consolidated net income. We receive pro rata cash distributions relating to this investment, typically in April, May, August, and November of each year. During 2020, 2019, and 2018, we received $72.2 million, $71.9 million, and $63.2 million, respectively, of pro rata cash distributions relating to this investment. We currently expect to continue to receive future distributions from PTS quarterly, subject to its financial performance.
Sale/Leaseback Arrangements
We have in the past and may in the future enter into sale-leaseback transactions to finance certain property acquisitions and capital expenditures, pursuant to which we sell property and/or leasehold improvements to third parties and agree to lease those assets back for a certain period of time. Such sales generate proceeds that vary from period to period.
Operating Leases
We estimate the total rent obligations under our operating leases, including any extension periods that we are reasonably certain to exercise at our discretion and assuming constant consumer price indices, to be $5.4 billion. As of December 31, 2020, we were in compliance with all financial covenants under these leases consisting principally of leases for dealership and other properties, and we believe we will remain in compliance with such covenants for the next twelve months. Refer to the disclosures provided in Part II, Item 8, Note 3 and Note 12 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our operating leases.
Discontinued Operations
We had no entities newly classified as held for sale in 2020, 2019, or 2018 that met the criteria to be classified as discontinued operations. As such, results from discontinued operations represent only retail automotive dealerships and our car rental business that were classified as discontinued operations prior to the adoption of ASU No. 2014-08 on January 1, 2015.
Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information
The following is a description of the terms and conditions of the guarantees with respect to senior subordinated notes of Penske Automotive Group, Inc. (“PAG”) as the issuer of the 3.50% Notes and the 5.50% Notes (collectively the “Senior Subordinated Notes”).
Each of the Senior Subordinated Notes are unsecured, senior subordinated obligations and are guaranteed on an unsecured senior subordinated basis by our 100% owned U.S. subsidiaries. Each of the Senior Subordinated Notes also contain customary negative covenants and events of default. If we experience certain “change of control” events specified in their respective indentures, holders of these Senior Subordinated Notes will have the option to require us to purchase for cash all or a portion of their Senior Subordinated Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Subordinated Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, if we make certain asset sales and do not reinvest the proceeds thereof or use such proceeds to repay certain debt, we will be required to use the proceeds of such asset sales to make an offer to purchase the Senior Subordinated Notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Subordinated Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest.
Guarantor subsidiaries are directly or indirectly 100% owned by PAG, and the guarantees are full and unconditional and joint and several. The guarantees may be released under certain circumstances upon resale or transfer by us of the stock of the related guarantor or all or substantially all of the assets of the guarantor to a non-affiliate. Non-wholly owned and foreign subsidiaries of PAG do not guarantee the Senior Subordinated Notes (“Non-Guarantor
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Subsidiaries”). The following tables present summarized financial information for PAG and the Guarantor Subsidiaries on a combined basis. The financial information of PAG and Guarantor Subsidiaries is presented on a combined basis; intercompany balances and transactions between PAG and Guarantor Subsidiaries have been eliminated; PAG’s or Guarantor Subsidiaries’ amounts due from, amounts due to, and transactions with non-issuer and Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and related parties are disclosed separately.
Condensed income statement information:
| | | | | | |
| | PAG and Guarantor Subsidiaries | ||||
| | Year Ended | | Year Ended | ||
| | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 | ||
Revenues | | $ | 11,576.7 | | $ | 12,928.8 |
Gross profit | |
| 1,908.9 | |
| 2,019.2 |
Equity in earnings of affiliates | | | 164.5 | | | 142.4 |
Income from continuing operations | | | 400.1 | | | 318.8 |
Net income | |
| 400.4 | |
| 319.2 |
Net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group | |
| 400.4 | |
| 319.2 |
Condensed balance sheet information:
| | | | | | |
| | PAG and Guarantor Subsidiaries | ||||
| | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 | ||
Current assets (1) | | $ | 2,627.3 | | $ | 3,157.5 |
Property and equipment, net | | | 1,128.8 | | | 1,104.9 |
Equity method investments | | | 1,424.7 | | | 1,328.8 |
Other noncurrent assets | | | 3,173.6 | | | 3,230.9 |
Current liabilities | | | 2,156.3 | | | 2,684.2 |
Noncurrent liabilities | | | 3,848.5 | | | 4,175.3 |
During the year ended December 31, 2020, and 2019, PAG received $77.1 million and $77.3 million, respectively, from Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes the changes in our cash provided by (used in) operating, investing, and financing activities. The major components of these changes are discussed below.
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
(In millions) |
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| 2018 | |||
Net cash provided by continuing operating activities | | $ | 1,201.5 | | $ | 518.3 | | $ | 614.2 |
Net cash used in continuing investing activities | | | (136.5) | | | (532.7) | | | (525.2) |
Net cash (used in) provided by continuing financing activities | |
| (1,053.9) | |
| 2.6 | |
| (94.3) |
Net cash provided by discontinued operations | |
| 0.3 | |
| 0.3 | |
| 0.5 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | |
| 10.0 | |
| 0.2 | |
| (1.5) |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 21.4 | | $ | (11.3) | | $ | (6.3) |
Cash Flows from Continuing Operating Activities
Cash flows from continuing operating activities includes net income, as adjusted for non-cash items and the effects of changes in working capital. Our cash flows from continuing operating activities were positively impacted during the year ended December 31, 2020, due to deferrals of floorplan interest, sales and use tax, and mortgage interest resulting from COVID-19-related relief provided by our lenders and government jurisdictions.
We finance substantially all of the commercial vehicles we purchase for distribution, new vehicles for retail sale, and a portion of our used vehicle inventories for retail sale under floor plan and other revolving arrangements with various
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lenders, including the captive finance companies associated with automotive manufacturers. We retain the right to select which, if any, financing source to utilize in connection with the procurement of vehicle inventories. Many vehicle manufacturers provide vehicle financing for the dealers representing their brands; however, it is not a requirement that we utilize this financing. Historically, our floor plan finance source has been based on aggregate pricing considerations.
In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles relating to the statement of cash flows, we report all cash flows arising in connection with floor plan notes payable with the manufacturer of a particular new vehicle as an operating activity in our statement of cash flows, and we report all cash flows arising in connection with floor plan notes payable to a party other than the manufacturer of a particular new vehicle, all floor plan notes payable relating to pre-owned vehicles, and all floor plan notes payable related to our commercial vehicles in Australia and New Zealand as a financing activity in our statement of cash flows. Currently, the majority of our non-trade vehicle financing is with other manufacturer captive lenders. To date, we have not experienced any material limitation with respect to the amount or availability of financing from any institution providing us vehicle financing.
We believe that changes in aggregate floor plan liabilities are typically linked to changes in vehicle inventory and therefore, are an integral part of understanding changes in our working capital and operating cash flow. As a result, we prepare the following reconciliation to highlight our operating cash flows with all changes in vehicle floor plan being classified as an operating activity for informational purposes:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
(In millions) |
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| 2018 | |||
Net cash from continuing operating activities as reported | | $ | 1,201.5 | | $ | 518.3 | | $ | 614.2 |
Floor plan notes payable — non-trade as reported | |
| (230.2) | |
| 177.5 | |
| 10.0 |
Net cash from continuing operating activities including all floor plan notes payable | | $ | 971.3 | | $ | 695.8 | | $ | 624.2 |
Cash Flows from Continuing Investing Activities
Cash flows from continuing investing activities consist primarily of cash used for capital expenditures, proceeds from the sale of dealerships, proceeds from the sale of equipment and improvements, net expenditures for acquisitions and other investments, and proceeds from sale-leaseback transactions. Capital expenditures were $185.9 million, $245.3 million, and $305.6 million during 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. Capital expenditures relate primarily to improvements to our existing dealership facilities, the construction of new facilities, the acquisition of the property or buildings associated with existing leased facilities, and the acquisition of land for future development. We currently expect to finance our retail automotive segment and retail commercial truck segment capital expenditures with operating cash flows or borrowings under our U.S. or U.K. credit agreements. Proceeds from the sale of dealerships were $40.6 million, $22.8 million, and $84.5 million during 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. Proceeds from the sale of equipment and improvements were $19.8 million, $8.6 million, and $5.1 million during 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. We had no cash used in acquisitions and other investments, net of cash acquired, during 2020, compared to $326.9 million and $309.1 million during 2019 and 2018, respectively, and included cash used to repay sellers’ floor plan liabilities in such business acquisitions of $138.5 million, and $58.2 million, respectively. We had no proceeds from sale-leaseback transactions during 2020, compared to $18.9 million and $10.7 million during 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Cash Flows from Continuing Financing Activities
Cash flows from continuing financing activities include issuance and net borrowings or repayments of long-term debt, net borrowings or repayments of floor plan notes payable non-trade, repurchases of common stock, dividends, payments for contingent consideration, and payments for deferred financing fees.
We issued $550.0 million of senior subordinated notes due 2025 in August 2020 and repaid at scheduled maturity $300.0 million of senior subordinated notes due August 15, 2020, $550.0 million of senior subordinated notes due 2022, and $300.0 million of senior subordinated notes due 2024, respectively, during 2020. We had net repayments of other long-term debt of $81.4 million during 2020 and net borrowings of other long-term debt of $130.4 million and $93.5 million during 2019 and 2018, respectively. We had net repayments of floor plan notes payable non-trade of $230.2 million during 2020 and net borrowings of floor plan notes payable non-trade of $177.5 million and $10.0 million during
56
2019 and 2018, respectively. In 2020, 2019, and 2018, we repurchased $0.9 million, 3.9 million, and 1.5 million shares of common stock under our securities repurchase program for $29.4 million, $169.2 million, and $68.9 million, respectively. In 2020, 2019, and 2018, we repurchased $0.1 million, 0.1 million, and 0.1 million shares from employees in connection with a net share settlement feature of employee equity awards for $5.0 million, $4.9 million, and $5.8 million, respectively. We also paid $68.1 million, $130.8 million, and $121.2 million of cash dividends to our stockholders during 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. We made payments of $31.6 million to settle contingent consideration to sellers related to previous acquisitions during 2020 and made payments of $8.1 million, $0.4 million, and $1.9 million for debt issuance costs during 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.
Related Party Transactions
Stockholders Agreement
Several of our directors and officers are affiliated with Penske Corporation or related entities. Roger S. Penske, our Chair of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, is also Chair of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Penske Corporation and through entities affiliated with Penske Corporation, our largest stockholder owning approximately 44% of our outstanding common stock. Mitsui & Co., Ltd. and Mitsui & Co. (USA), Inc. (collectively, “Mitsui”) own approximately 17% of our outstanding common stock. Mitsui, Penske Corporation, and certain other affiliates of Penske Corporation are parties to a stockholders agreement pursuant to which the Penske affiliated companies agreed to vote their shares for up to two directors who are representatives of Mitsui. In turn, Mitsui agreed to vote their shares for up to fourteen directors voted for by the Penske affiliated companies. This agreement terminates in March 2030, upon the mutual consent of the parties, or when either party no longer owns any of our common stock.
Other Related Party Interests and Transactions
Robert Kurnick, Jr., our President and a director, is also the Vice Chair and a director of Penske Corporation. Bud Denker, our Executive Vice President, Human Resources, is also the President of Penske Corporation. Greg Penske, one of our directors, is the son of our chair and is also a director of Penske Corporation. Michael Eisenson, one of our directors, is also a director of Penske Corporation. Masashi Yamanaka, one of our directors, is also an employee of Mitsui & Co.
We sometimes pay to and/or receive fees from Penske Corporation, its subsidiaries, and its affiliates for services rendered in the ordinary course of business or to reimburse payments made to third parties on each other’s behalf. These transactions are reviewed periodically by our Audit Committee and reflect the provider’s cost or an amount mutually agreed upon by both parties.
We own a 28.9% interest in PTS. PTS, discussed previously, is owned 41.1% by Penske Corporation, 28.9% by us, and 30.0% by Mitsui. We have also entered into other joint ventures with certain related parties as more fully discussed in Part II, Item 8, Note 13 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Cyclicality
Unit sales of motor vehicles, particularly new vehicles, have been cyclical historically, fluctuating with general economic cycles. During economic downturns, the automotive and truck retailing industries tend to experience periods of decline and recession similar to those experienced by the general economy. We believe that these industries are influenced by general economic conditions and particularly, by consumer confidence, the level of personal discretionary spending, fuel prices, interest rates, and credit availability.
Our business is dependent on a number of factors, including general economic conditions, fuel prices, interest rate fluctuations, credit availability, environmental and other government regulations, and customer business cycles. U.S. light vehicle sales have ranged from a low of 10.4 million units in 2009 to a high of 17.5 million units in 2016. Unit sales of new commercial vehicles have historically been subject to substantial cyclical variation based on these general economic conditions. According to data published by ACT Research, in recent years, total U.S. retail sales of new Class 8 commercial vehicles have ranged from a low of approximately 97,000 in 2009, to high of approximately 334,000 in 2019. Through geographic expansion, concentration on higher margin regular service and parts revenues, and
57
diversification of our customer base, we have attempted to reduce the negative impact of adverse general economic conditions or cyclical trends affecting any one industry or geographic area on our earnings.
Seasonality
Dealership. Our business is modestly seasonal overall. Our U.S. operations generally experience higher volumes of vehicle sales in the second and third quarters of each year due in part to consumer buying trends and the introduction of new vehicle models. Also, vehicle demand, and to a lesser extent demand for service and parts, is generally lower during the winter months than in other seasons, particularly in regions of the U.S. where dealerships may be subject to severe winters. Our U.K. operations generally experience higher volumes of new vehicle sales in the first and third quarters of each year, due primarily to new vehicle registration practices in the U.K.
Commercial Vehicle Distribution. Our commercial vehicle distribution business generally experiences higher sales volumes during the second quarter of the year, which is primarily attributable to commercial vehicle customers completing annual capital expenditures before their fiscal year-end, which is typically June 30 in Australia.
Effects of Inflation
We believe that inflation rates over the last few years have not had a significant impact on revenues or profitability. We do not expect inflation to have any near-term material effects on the sale of our products and services; however, we cannot be sure there will be no such effect in the future. We finance substantially all of our inventory through various revolving floor plan arrangements with interest rates that vary based on various benchmarks. Such rates have historically increased during periods of increasing inflation.
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements and information set forth herein, as well as other written or oral statements made from time to time by us or by our authorized officers on our behalf, constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Federal Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “goal,” “plan,” “seek,” “project,” “continue,” “will,” “would,” and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. We intend for our forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and we set forth this statement in order to comply with such safe harbor provisions. You should note that our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or when made, and we undertake no duty or obligation to update or revise our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements with respect to:
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Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties and are not assurances of future performance. Actual results may differ materially from anticipated results due to a variety of factors, including the factors identified under “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations include those mentioned in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” such as the following:
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We urge you to carefully consider these risk factors and further information under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in evaluating all forward-looking statements regarding our business. Readers of this report are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained in this report. All forward-looking statements attributable to us are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. Except to the extent required by the federal securities laws and the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and regulations, we have no intention or obligation to update publicly
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any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
Additional Information
Investors and others should note that we may announce material financial information using our company website (www.penskeautomotive.com), our investor relations website (investors.penskeautomotive.com), SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls, and webcasts. Information about Penske Automotive Group, its business, and its results of operations may also be announced by posts on the following social media channels from time to time:
The information that we post on these social media channels could be deemed to be material information. As a result, we encourage investors, the media, and others interested in Penske Automotive Group to review the information that we post on these social media channels. These channels may be updated from time to time on Penske Automotive Group’s investor relations website. The information on or accessible through our websites and social media channels is not incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and our references to such content are intended to be inactive textual or oral references only.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rates. We are exposed to market risk from changes in the interest rates on a significant portion of our outstanding debt. Outstanding revolving balances under our credit agreements bear interest at variable rates based on a margin over defined LIBOR, the Bank of England Base Rate, or the Australian Bank Bill Swap Rate. Based on an average of the aggregate amounts outstanding under these facilities during the year ended December 31, 2020, a 100-basis-point change in interest rates would result in an approximate $2.3 million change to our annual other interest expense. Similarly, amounts outstanding under floor plan financing arrangements bear interest at a variable rate based on a margin over the prime rate, defined LIBOR, the Finance House Base Rate, the Euro Interbank Offered Rate, the Canadian Prime Rate, the Australian Bank Bill Swap Rate, or the New Zealand Bank Bill Benchmark Rate.
In April 2020, we entered into a new five-year interest rate swap agreement pursuant to which the LIBOR portion of $300.0 million of our U.S. floating rate floor plan debt is fixed at 0.5875%. Based on an average of the aggregate amounts outstanding under our floor plan financing arrangements subject to variable interest payments during the year ended December 31, 2020, considering the swap arrangement, a 100-basis-point change in interest rates would result in an approximate $30.2 million change to our annual floor plan interest expense.
We evaluate our exposure to interest rate fluctuations and follow established policies and procedures to implement strategies designed to manage the amount of variable rate indebtedness outstanding at any point in time in an effort to mitigate the effect of interest rate fluctuations on our earnings and cash flows. These policies include:
Interest rate fluctuations affect the fair market value of our fixed rate debt, mortgages, and certain seller financed promissory notes but with respect to such fixed rate debt instruments, do not impact our earnings or cash flows.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rates. As of December 31, 2020, we had consolidated operations in the U.K., Germany, Italy, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. In each of these markets, the local currency is the functional currency. In the event we change our intent with respect to the investment in any of our international operations, we would expect to implement strategies designed to manage those risks in an effort to mitigate the effect of foreign currency fluctuations on
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our earnings and cash flows. A ten percent change in average exchange rates versus the U.S. Dollar would have resulted in an approximate $833.9 million change to our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020.
We purchase certain of our new vehicles, parts, and other products from non-U.S. manufacturers. Although we purchase the majority of our inventories in the local functional currency, our business is subject to certain risks, including, but not limited to, differing economic conditions, changes in political climate, differing tax structures, other regulations and restrictions, and foreign exchange rate volatility, which may influence such manufacturers’ ability to provide their products at competitive prices in the local jurisdictions. Our future results could be materially and adversely impacted by changes in these or other factors.
For a detailed discussion of the risks associated with recent changes in LIBOR reporting practices, refer to Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The consolidated financial statements listed in the accompanying Index to Consolidated Financial Statements are incorporated by reference into this Item 8.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Not applicable.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the principal executive and financial officers, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive and financial officers, to allow timely discussions regarding required disclosure.
Based upon this evaluation, our principal executive and financial officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. In addition, we maintain internal controls designed to provide us with the information required for accounting and financial reporting purposes.
Management’s and our auditor’s reports on our internal control over financial reporting are included with our financial statements filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 9B. Other Information
Not applicable.
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PART III
The information required by Items 10 through 14 is included in our definitive proxy statement under the captions “Election of Directors,” “Our Corporate Governance,” “Ratification of the Selection of our Independent Auditor,” “Executive Officers,” “Compensation Committee Report,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Executive Compensation,” “Director Compensation,” “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management,” and “Related Party Transactions.” Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table provides details regarding the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options, warrants, and rights granted under our equity compensation plans (including individual equity compensation arrangements) as of December 31, 2020. Our equity plan is described in more detail in Part II, Item 8, Note 14 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements appearing below in this report.
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PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
The consolidated financial statements listed in the accompanying Index to Consolidated Financial Statements are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts following the Consolidated Financial Statements is filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Pursuant to Rule 3-09 of Regulation S-X, the audited financial statements of Penske Truck Leasing Co., L.P., our equity method investment, are included as an exhibit in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The Exhibits listed below are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
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INDEX OF EXHIBITS
Each management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement is identified with an asterisk.
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In accordance with Item 601(b)(4)(iii)(A) of Regulation S-K, copies of certain instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of the Company or its subsidiaries are not filed herewith. We hereby agree to furnish a copy of any such instrument to the Commission upon request.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on February 19, 2021.
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
As of December 31, 2020, and 2019 and For the Years Ended
December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018
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F-1
MANAGEMENT REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
The management of Penske Automotive Group, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s management and board of directors that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting provides reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation and presentation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. In making this assessment, it used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013). Based on our assessment, we believe that as of December 31, 2020, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.
The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm that audited the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. This report appears on page F-3.
Penske Automotive Group, Inc.
February 19, 2021
F-2
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Penske Automotive Group, Inc.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Penske Automotive Group, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2020, and 2019 and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows, and equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020, and 2019 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
Change in Accounting Principle
Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, Leases, using the optional transition method.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
F-3
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Other Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets – Refer to Notes 1 and 8 to the consolidated financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company's financial statements include indefinite lived intangible assets related to franchise agreements with vehicle manufacturers and distributors, which represent the estimated value of franchises acquired in business combinations, and distribution agreements with commercial vehicle manufacturers, which represent the estimated value for distribution rights acquired in business combinations. These intangible assets have an indefinite useful life and are measured for impairment on an annual basis. The carrying value of these intangible assets is $563.4 million as of December 31, 2020.
The Company’s annual impairment assessment for these intangible assets is performed on October 1 and upon the occurrence of an indicator of impairment through a comparison of its carrying amount and estimated fair value. The fair value is determined using a discounted cash flow approach, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions about revenue and profitability growth, profit margins, and the cost of capital. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on the fair value of the franchise agreements. The Company's impairment analysis performed as of October 1, 2020, resulted in no impairment.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the forecasts of future revenue and profitability growth, and the selection of the cost of capital included the following, among others:
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Detroit, Michigan
February 19, 2021
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1999.
F-5
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| ||||
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| ||
| | (In millions, except share and |
| ||||
| | per share amounts) |
| ||||
ASSETS |
| |
|
| |
| |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 49.5 | | $ | 28.1 | |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5.5 and $5.7 | |
| 806.9 | |
| 960.3 | |
Inventories | |
| 3,425.6 | |
| 4,260.7 | |
Other current assets | |
| 126.8 | |
| 85.0 | |
Total current assets | |
| 4,408.8 | |
| 5,334.1 | |
Property and equipment, net | |
| 2,404.4 | |
| 2,366.4 | |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | |
| 2,416.5 | |
| 2,360.5 | |
Goodwill | |
| 1,928.4 | |
| 1,911.0 | |
Other indefinite-lived intangible assets | |
| 563.4 | |
| 552.2 | |
Equity method investments | |
| 1,500.3 | |
| 1,399.0 | |
Other long-term assets | |
| 25.4 | |
| 19.5 | |
Total assets | | $ | 13,247.2 | | $ | 13,942.7 | |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | | | | | | | |
Floor plan notes payable | | $ | 1,780.5 | | $ | 2,412.5 | |
Floor plan notes payable — non-trade | |
| 1,363.8 | |
| 1,594.0 | |
Accounts payable | |
| 675.4 | |
| 638.8 | |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | |
| 767.2 | |
| 701.9 | |
Current portion of long-term debt | |
| 87.5 | |
| 103.3 | |
Liabilities held for sale | |
| 0.5 | |
| 0.5 | |
Total current liabilities | |
| 4,674.9 | |
| 5,451.0 | |
Long-term debt | |
| 1,602.1 | |
| 2,257.0 | |
Long-term operating lease liabilities | |
| 2,350.3 | |
| 2,301.2 | |
Deferred tax liabilities | |
| 873.1 | |
| 677.9 | |
Other long-term liabilities | |
| 420.7 | |
| 444.0 | |
Total liabilities | |
| 9,921.1 | |
| 11,131.1 | |
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 12) | | | | | | | |
Equity | | | | | | | |
Penske Automotive Group stockholders’ equity: | | | | | | | |
Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding | |
| — | |
| — | |
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, 240,000,000 shares authorized; 80,392,662 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020; 81,084,751 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 | |
| — | |
| — | |
Non-voting Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; 7,125,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding | |
| — | |
| — | |
Class C Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding | |
| — | |
| — | |
Additional paid-in capital | |
| 311.8 | |
| 320.4 | |
Retained earnings | |
| 3,151.3 | |
| 2,675.8 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | |
| (160.6) | |
| (202.8) | |
Total Penske Automotive Group stockholders’ equity | |
| 3,302.5 | |
| 2,793.4 | |
Non-controlling interest | |
| 23.6 | |
| 18.2 | |
Total equity | |
| 3,326.1 | |
| 2,811.6 | |
Total liabilities and equity | | $ | 13,247.2 | | $ | 13,942.7 | |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-6
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| |||||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| |||
| | (In millions, except share and per share amounts) |
| |||||||
Revenue: | | | | | | | | | | |
Retail automotive dealership | | $ | 17,928.8 | | $ | 20,615.8 | | $ | 20,849.2 | |
Retail commercial truck dealership | |
| 2,060.9 | |
| 2,050.5 | |
| 1,374.5 | |
Commercial vehicle distribution and other | |
| 454.2 | |
| 513.1 | |
| 561.4 | |
Total revenues | | | 20,443.9 | | | 23,179.4 | | | 22,785.1 | |
Cost of sales: | | | | | | | | | | |
Retail automotive dealership | |
| 15,147.5 | |
| 17,576.9 | |
| 17,790.6 | |
Retail commercial truck dealership | |
| 1,780.0 | |
| 1,772.7 | |
| 1,163.0 | |
Commercial vehicle distribution and other | |
| 331.9 | |
| 374.3 | |
| 416.6 | |
Total cost of sales | |
| 17,259.4 | |
| 19,723.9 | |
| 19,370.2 | |
Gross profit | |
| 3,184.5 | |
| 3,455.5 | |
| 3,414.9 | |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | |
| 2,364.5 | |
| 2,693.2 | |
| 2,646.3 | |
Depreciation | |
| 115.5 | |
| 109.6 | |
| 103.7 | |
Operating income | |
| 704.5 | |
| 652.7 | |
| 664.9 | |
Floor plan interest expense | |
| (46.3) | |
| (84.5) | |
| (80.9) | |
Other interest expense | |
| (119.6) | |
| (124.2) | |
| (114.7) | |
Equity in earnings of affiliates | |
| 169.0 | |
| 147.5 | |
| 134.8 | |
Income from continuing operations before income taxes | |
| 707.6 | |
| 591.5 | |
| 604.1 | |
Income taxes | |
| (162.7) | |
| (156.7) | |
| (134.3) | |
Income from continuing operations | |
| 544.9 | |
| 434.8 | |
| 469.8 | |
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | |
| 0.4 | |
| 0.3 | |
| 0.5 | |
Net income | |
| 545.3 | |
| 435.1 | |
| 470.3 | |
Less: Income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | |
| 1.7 | |
| (0.7) | |
| (0.7) | |
Net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders | | $ | 543.6 | | $ | 435.8 | | $ | 471.0 | |
Basic earnings per share attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders: | | | | | | | | | | |
Continuing operations | | $ | 6.74 | | $ | 5.28 | | $ | 5.52 | |
Discontinued operations | |
| 0.00 | |
| 0.00 | |
| 0.01 | |
Net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders | | $ | 6.74 | | $ | 5.28 | | $ | 5.53 | |
Shares used in determining basic earnings per share | |
| 80,594,856 | |
| 82,495,045 | |
| 85,165,367 | |
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders: | | | | | | | | | | |
Continuing operations | | $ | 6.74 | | $ | 5.28 | | $ | 5.52 | |
Discontinued operations | |
| 0.00 | |
| 0.00 | |
| 0.01 | |
Net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders | | $ | 6.74 | | $ | 5.28 | | $ | 5.53 | |
Shares used in determining diluted earnings per share | |
| 80,594,856 | |
| 82,495,045 | |
| 85,165,367 | |
Amounts attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders: | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from continuing operations | | $ | 544.9 | | $ | 434.8 | | $ | 469.8 | |
Less: Income (Loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | |
| 1.7 | |
| (0.7) | |
| (0.7) | |
Income from continuing operations, net of tax | |
| 543.2 | |
| 435.5 | |
| 470.5 | |
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | |
| 0.4 | |
| 0.3 | |
| 0.5 | |
Net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders | | $ | 543.6 | | $ | 435.8 | | $ | 471.0 | |
Cash dividends per share | | $ | 0.84 | | $ | 1.58 | | $ | 1.42 | |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-7
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| |||||||
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| |||
| | (In millions) |
| |||||||
Net income |
| $ | 545.3 |
| $ | 435.1 |
| $ | 470.3 | |
Other comprehensive income: | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | |
| 51.3 | |
| 21.9 | |
| (75.8) | |
Unrealized loss on interest rate swaps: | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized loss arising during the period, net of tax benefit of $1.3, $0.0, and $0.0, respectively | |
| (3.6) | |
| — | |
| — | |
Reclassification adjustment for loss included in floor plan interest expense, net of tax benefit of $0.2, $0.0, and $0.0, respectively | |
| 0.4 | |
| — | |
| — | |
Unrealized loss on interest rate swaps, net of tax | |
| (3.2) | |
| — | |
| — | |
Other adjustments to comprehensive income, net | |
| (5.2) | |
| 9.5 | |
| (13.7) | |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | |
| 42.9 | |
| 31.4 | |
| (89.5) | |
Comprehensive income | |
| 588.2 | |
| 466.5 | |
| 380.8 | |
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | |
| 2.4 | |
| (1.0) | |
| (2.2) | |
Comprehensive income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders | | $ | 585.8 | | $ | 467.5 | | $ | 383.0 | |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-8
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| |||||||
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| |||
| | (In millions) |
| |||||||
Operating Activities: |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |
Net income | | $ | 545.3 | | $ | 435.1 | | $ | 470.3 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from continuing operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation | |
| 115.5 | |
| 109.6 | |
| 103.7 | |
Earnings of equity method investments | |
| (115.0) | |
| (94.6) | |
| (89.0) | |
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | |
| (0.4) | |
| (0.3) | |
| (0.5) | |
Deferred income taxes | |
| 194.3 | |
| 92.0 | |
| 105.9 | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounts receivable | |
| 152.7 | |
| (30.9) | |
| 30.4 | |
Inventories | |
| 805.4 | |
| (117.8) | |
| (12.6) | |
Floor plan notes payable | |
| (611.0) | |
| 83.9 | |
| 27.4 | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | |
| 125.0 | |
| 71.4 | |
| (17.1) | |
Other | |
| (10.3) | |
| (30.1) | |
| (4.3) | |
Net cash provided by continuing operating activities | |
| 1,201.5 | |
| 518.3 | |
| 614.2 | |
Investing Activities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchase of equipment and improvements | |
| (185.9) | |
| (245.3) | |
| (305.6) | |
Proceeds from sale of dealerships | | | 40.6 | | | 22.8 | | | 84.5 | |
Proceeds from sale-leaseback transactions | | | — | | | 18.9 | | | 10.7 | |
Proceeds from sale of equipment and improvements | | | 19.8 | | | 8.6 | | | 5.1 | |
Acquisitions net, including repayment of sellers’ floor plan notes payable of $0.0, $138.5, and $58.2, respectively | |
| — | |
| (326.9) | |
| (309.1) | |
Other | |
| (11.0) | |
| (10.8) | |
| (10.8) | |
Net cash used in continuing investing activities | |
| (136.5) | |
| (532.7) | |
| (525.2) | |
Financing Activities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from borrowings under U.S. credit agreement revolving credit line | |
| 1,797.0 | |
| 1,808.0 | |
| 1,642.0 | |
Repayments under U.S. credit agreement revolving credit line | |
| (1,734.0) | |
| (1,793.0) | |
| (1,784.0) | |
Issuance of 3.50% senior subordinated notes | | | 550.0 | | | — | | | — | |
Repayment of 3.75% senior subordinated notes | | | (300.0) | | | — | | | — | |
Repayment of 5.375% senior subordinated notes | | | (300.0) | | | — | | | — | |
Repayment of 5.75% senior subordinated notes | | | (550.0) | | | — | | | — | |
Net (repayments) borrowings of other long-term debt | |
| (144.4) | |
| 115.4 | |
| 235.5 | |
Net (repayments) borrowings of floor plan notes payable — non-trade | |
| (230.2) | |
| 177.5 | |
| 10.0 | |
Payments for contingent consideration | |
| (31.6) | |
| — | |
| — | |
Repurchases of common stock | |
| (29.4) | |
| (169.2) | |
| (68.9) | |
Dividends | |
| (68.1) | |
| (130.8) | |
| (121.2) | |
Payment of debt issuance costs | |
| (8.1) | |
| (0.4) | |
| (1.9) | |
Other | |
| (5.1) | |
| (4.9) | |
| (5.8) | |
Net cash (used in) provided by continuing financing activities | |
| (1,053.9) | |
| 2.6 | |
| (94.3) | |
Discontinued operations: | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by discontinued operating activities | |
| 0.3 | |
| 0.3 | |
| 0.5 | |
Net cash provided by discontinued investing activities | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
Net cash provided by discontinued financing activities | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
Net cash provided by discontinued operations | |
| 0.3 | |
| 0.3 | |
| 0.5 | |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | | | 10.0 | | | 0.2 | | | (1.5) | |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | |
| 21.4 | |
| (11.3) | |
| (6.3) | |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | |
| 28.1 | |
| 39.4 | |
| 45.7 | |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | | $ | 49.5 | | $ | 28.1 | | $ | 39.4 | |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash paid for: | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest | | $ | 168.5 | | $ | 204.9 | | $ | 190.2 | |
Income taxes | |
| 17.9 | |
| 92.4 | |
| 39.6 | |
Non cash activities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Deferred consideration | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 6.8 | |
Contingent consideration | | | — | | | 10.6 | | | — | |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-9
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Voting and Non-voting | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |||||
| | Common Stock | | Additional | | | | Accumulated | | Total | | | | | | |
| |||||||
|
| Issued |
| | |
| Paid-in |
| Retained |
| Other Comprehensive |
| Penske Automotive Group |
| Non-controlling |
| Total |
| ||||||
| | Shares | | Amount | | Capital | | Earnings | | Income (Loss) | | Stockholders’ Equity | | Interest | | Equity |
| |||||||
| | (Dollars in millions) | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, January 1, 2018 |
| 85,787,507 | | $ | — | | $ | 532.3 | | $ | 2,009.4 | | $ | (146.5) | | $ | 2,395.2 | | $ | 32.8 | | $ | 2,428.0 | |
Adoption of ASC 606 | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 6.6 | | | — | | | 6.6 | | | — | | | 6.6 | |
Equity compensation |
| 346,957 | |
| — | |
| 16.1 | |
| — | |
| — | |
| 16.1 | |
| — | |
| 16.1 | |
Repurchases of common stock |
| (1,587,494) | |
| — | |
| (68.9) | |
| — | |
| — | |
| (68.9) | |
| — | |
| (68.9) | |
Dividends ($1.42 per share) |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| (121.2) | |
| — | |
| (121.2) | |
| — | |
| (121.2) | |
Purchase of subsidiary shares from non-controlling interest |
| — | | | — | | | (1.5) | | | — | | | — | |
| (1.5) | |
| (5.4) | |
| (6.9) | |
Distributions to non-controlling interest |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| (0.9) | |
| (0.9) | |
Foreign currency translation |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| (74.3) | |
| (74.3) | |
| (1.5) | |
| (75.8) | |
Other |
| — | |
| — | |
| (0.2) | |
| — | |
| (13.7) | |
| (13.9) | |
| 1.3 | |
| (12.6) | |
Net income |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| 471.0 | |
| — | |
| 471.0 | |
| (0.7) | |
| 470.3 | |
Balance, December 31, 2018 |
| 84,546,970 | | | — | | | 477.8 | | | 2,365.8 | | | (234.5) | | | 2,609.1 | | | 25.6 | | | 2,634.7 | |
Adoption of ASC 842 |
| — | | | — | | | — | | | 5.0 | |
| — | |
| 5.0 | |
| — | |
| 5.0 | |
Equity compensation |
| 524,617 | |
| — | |
| 16.7 | |
| — | |
| — | |
| 16.7 | |
| — | |
| 16.7 | |
Repurchases of common stock | | (3,986,836) | |
| — | |
| (174.1) | |
| — | | | — | | | (174.1) | | | — | | | (174.1) | |
Dividends ($1.58 per share) |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| (130.8) | |
| — | |
| (130.8) | |
| — | |
| (130.8) | |
Purchase of subsidiary shares from non-controlling interest | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (7.0) | | | (7.0) | |
Distributions to non-controlling interest |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| (0.5) | |
| (0.5) | |
Foreign currency translation |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| 22.2 | |
| 22.2 | |
| (0.3) | |
| 21.9 | |
Other |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| 9.5 | |
| 9.5 | |
| 1.1 | |
| 10.6 | |
Net income |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| 435.8 | |
| — | |
| 435.8 | |
| (0.7) | |
| 435.1 | |
Balance, December 31, 2019 |
| 81,084,751 | | | — | | | 320.4 | | | 2,675.8 | | | (202.8) | | | 2,793.4 | | | 18.2 | | | 2,811.6 | |
Equity compensation |
| 335,647 | |
| — | |
| 25.8 | |
| — | |
| — | |
| 25.8 | |
| — | |
| 25.8 | |
Repurchases of common stock |
| (1,027,736) | |
| — | |
| (34.4) | |
| — | |
| — | |
| (34.4) | |
| — | |
| (34.4) | |
Dividends ($0.84 per share) |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| (68.1) | |
| — | |
| (68.1) | |
| — | |
| (68.1) | |
Interest rate swaps | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (3.2) | | | (3.2) | | | — | | | (3.2) | |
Purchase of subsidiary shares from non-controlling interest | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (5.0) | | | (5.0) | |
Foreign currency translation |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| 50.6 | |
| 50.6 | |
| 0.7 | |
| 51.3 | |
Other |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| (5.2) | |
| (5.2) | |
| 8.0 | |
| 2.8 | |
Net income |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| 543.6 | |
| — | |
| 543.6 | |
| 1.7 | |
| 545.3 | |
Balance, December 31, 2020 |
| 80,392,662 | | $ | — | | $ | 311.8 | | $ | 3,151.3 | | $ | (160.6) | | $ | 3,302.5 | | $ | 23.6 | | $ | 3,326.1 | |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-10
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Unless the context otherwise requires, the use of the terms “PAG,” “we,” “us,” and “our” in these Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements refers to Penske Automotive Group, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Business Overview and Concentrations
We are a diversified international transportation services company that operates automotive and commercial truck dealerships principally in the United States, Canada, and Western Europe and distributes commercial vehicles, diesel engines, gas engines, power systems, and related parts and services principally in Australia and New Zealand.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on our Business
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic across the globe adversely impacted each of our markets and the global economy beginning in the first quarter of 2020, leading to disruptions to our business. Governmental authorities have taken countermeasures to slow the outbreak, including shelter-in-place orders, restrictions on travel, and government-funded assistance programs to individuals and businesses. The shelter-in-place orders and resulting business closures severely and negatively impacted our results, in particular in the second quarter of 2020. While the COVID-19 pandemic continues in all of our markets, as these orders lapsed and businesses reopened, we experienced improved business conditions and improved financial results primarily driven by our cost cutting measures and increased gross profit on vehicles sold.
In response to shelter-in-place orders resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, many of our automotive and commercial vehicle showrooms experienced temporary closures during 2020. During the fourth quarter of 2020 and continuing into 2021, in response to increased incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic, certain parts of the U.K. reinstated shelter-in-place orders which required our dealerships to close. We continue to conduct sales through our online “Click & Collect” program, which allows vehicle sales without showroom access. If shelter-in-place orders are extended or additional restrictions are enacted, we may be adversely impacted. Nearly all of our service, parts, and collision center departments remained open during the crisis, and curbside or home delivery offerings supplemented our traditional service offerings. We modified certain business practices to conform to government restrictions and best practices encouraged by governmental and regulatory authorities. We continue to offer sales activity by appointment and through our e-commerce channels. In all of our locations, we implemented enhanced cleaning procedures, enforced social distancing guidelines, and took other precautions to maintain the health and safety of our employees and customers.
Most of our manufacturer partners began suspending production beginning in late March of 2020, and production disruptions continued into the second quarter of 2020. These disruptions resulted in lower inventory levels, in particular for new vehicles, and limited inventory of certain models.
We believe that business disruption relating to the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to negatively impact the global economy and may materially affect our businesses as outlined above, or in other manners, all of which would adversely impact our business and results of operations. The situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is highly fluid and rapidly evolving, and while we continue to adjust our operations to conform to regulatory changes and consumer preferences in the evolving environment, we cannot anticipate with any certainty the length, scope, or severity of the business impact from the pandemic in each of the jurisdictions that we operate.
Refer to Part I, Item 1A., Risk Factors and the “COVID-19 Disclosure” in Part II, Item 7., Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
F-11
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
Business Overview
In 2020, our business generated $20.4 billion in total revenue, which is comprised of approximately $17.9 billion from retail automotive dealerships, $2.1 billion from retail commercial truck dealerships, and $454.2 billion from commercial vehicle distribution and other operations.
Retail Automotive Dealership. We believe we are the second largest automotive retailer headquartered in the U.S. as measured by the $17.9 billion in total retail automotive dealership revenue we generated in 2020. As of December 31, 2020, we operated 304 retail automotive franchises, of which 142 franchises are located in the U.S. and 162 franchises are located outside of the U.S. The franchises outside the U.S. are located primarily in the U.K.
We are engaged in the sale of new and used motor vehicles and related products and services, including vehicle service, collision repair, placement of finance and lease contracts, third-party insurance products, and other aftermarket products. We operate dealerships under franchise agreements with a number of automotive manufacturers and distributors. In accordance with individual franchise agreements, each dealership is subject to certain rights and restrictions typical of such industry. The ability of the manufacturers to influence the operations of the dealerships, or the loss of a significant number of franchise agreements, could have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position, and cash flows.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, Audi/Volkswagen/Porsche/Bentley franchises accounted for 22% of our total retail automotive dealership revenues, BMW/MINI franchises accounted for 23%, and Toyota/Lexus franchises accounted for 14%. No other manufacturers’ franchises accounted for more than 10% of our total retail automotive dealership revenues. At December 31, 2020, and 2019, we had receivables from manufacturers of $193.6 million and $244.6 million, respectively. In addition, a large portion of our contracts in transit, which are included in accounts receivable, are due from manufacturers’ captive finance companies.
During 2020, we disposed of 17 retail automotive franchises: 13 in the U.K, 3 in the U.S., and 1 in Germany. We also acquired the remaining 8.2% interest in one of our former retail automotive joint ventures in Aachen, Germany.
We also operate 17 Used Vehicle SuperCenters in the U.S. and the U.K. which retail and wholesale used vehicles under a one price, “no-haggle” methodology. Our operations in the U.S. consist of 6 retail locations operating in the Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania market areas. Our operations in the U.K. consist of 11 retail locations and a vehicle preparation center. During 2020, we opened 1 Used Vehicle SuperCenter in the U.K.
Retail Commercial Truck Dealership. We operate a heavy and medium duty truck dealership group known as Premier Truck Group (“PTG”) offering primarily Freightliner and Western Star trucks (both Daimler brands), with locations in Texas, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Georgia, Utah, Idaho, and Canada. As of December 31, 2020, PTG operated NaN locations. PTG also offers a full range of used trucks available for sale as well as service and parts departments, providing a full range of maintenance and repair services.
Penske Australia. We are the exclusive importer and distributor of Western Star heavy-duty trucks, MAN heavy and medium duty trucks and buses (a VW Group brand), and Dennis Eagle refuse collection vehicles, together with associated parts, across Australia, New Zealand, and portions of the Pacific. In most of these same markets, we are also a leading distributor of diesel and gas engines and power systems, principally representing MTU, Detroit Diesel, Allison Transmission, MTU Onsite Energy, Rolls Royce Power Systems, and Bergen Engines. This business, known as Penske Australia, offers products across the on- and off-highway markets, including in the construction, mining, marine, defense, and power generation sectors and supports full parts and aftersales service through a network of branches, field locations, and dealers across the region.
F-12
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
Penske Transportation Solutions. We hold a 28.9% ownership interest in Penske Truck Leasing Co., L.P (“PTL”). PTL is owned 41.1% by Penske Corporation, 28.9% by us, and 30.0% by Mitsui & Co., Ltd. (“Mitsui”). We account for our investment in PTL under the equity method, and we therefore record our share of PTL’s earnings on our statements of income under the caption “Equity in earnings of affiliates,” which also includes the results of our other equity method investments. Penske Transportation Solutions (“PTS”) is the universal brand name for PTL’s various business lines through which it is capable of meeting customers’ needs across the supply chain with a broad product offering that includes full-service truck leasing, truck rental, and contract maintenance along with logistic services, such as dedicated contract carriage, distribution center management, transportation management, lead logistics provider services, and dry van truckload carrier services.
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include all majority-owned subsidiaries. Investments in affiliated companies, representing an ownership interest in the voting stock of the affiliate of between 20% and 50% or an investment in a limited partnership or a limited liability corporation for which our investment is more than minor, are stated at the cost of acquisition plus our equity in undistributed net earnings since acquisition. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The consolidated financial statements, including the comparative periods presented, have been adjusted for entities that have been treated as discontinued operations prior to adoption of ASU No. 2014-08 in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The accounts requiring the use of significant estimates include accounts receivable, inventories, income taxes, intangible assets, and certain reserves.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments that have an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase.
Contracts in Transit
Contracts in transit represent receivables from unaffiliated finance companies relating to the sale of customers’ installment sales and lease contracts arising in connection with the sale of a vehicle by us. Contracts in transit, included in accounts receivable, net in our consolidated balance sheets, amounted to $254.0 million and $291.1 million as of December 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
Inventory Valuation
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost for new and used vehicle inventories includes acquisition, reconditioning, dealer installed accessories, and transportation expenses and is determined using the specific identification method. Inventories of dealership parts and accessories are accounted for using the “first-in, first-out” (“FIFO”) method of inventory accounting, and the cost is based on factory list prices.
F-13
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Useful lives for purposes of computing depreciation for assets, other than leasehold improvements, range between 3 and 15 years. Leasehold improvements and equipment under capital lease are depreciated over the shorter of the term of the lease or the estimated useful life of the asset, not to exceed 40 years.
Expenditures relating to recurring repair and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Expenditures that increase the useful life or substantially increase the serviceability of an existing asset are capitalized. When equipment is sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet, with any resulting gain or loss being reflected in income.
Income Taxes
Tax regulations may require items to be included in our tax return at different times than when those items are reflected in our financial statements. Some of the differences are permanent, such as expenses that are not deductible on our tax return, and some are temporary differences, such as the timing of depreciation expense. Temporary differences create deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets generally represent items that will be used as a tax deduction or credit in our tax return in future years which we have already recorded in our financial statements. Deferred tax liabilities generally represent deductions taken on our tax return that have not yet been recognized as an expense in our financial statements. We establish valuation allowances for our deferred tax assets if the amount of expected future taxable income is not more likely than not to allow for the use of the deduction or credit.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act, among other things, includes various income and payroll tax provisions, modifications to federal net operating loss rules, business interest deduction limitations, and bonus depreciation eligibility for qualified improvement property. As a result of net operating loss carryback provision of the CARES Act and various other U.S. and foreign tax legislation changes, we recorded an income tax benefit of $11.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Additionally, we received payroll tax deferrals and benefits from the employee retention tax credit.
Refer to the disclosures provided in Part II, Item 8, Note 17 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail on our accounting for income taxes.
Intangible Assets
Our principal intangible assets relate to our franchise agreements with vehicle manufacturers and distributors, which represent the estimated value of franchises acquired in business combinations; our distribution agreements with commercial vehicle manufacturers, which represent the estimated value of distribution rights acquired in business combinations; and goodwill, which represents the excess of cost over the fair value of tangible and identified intangible assets acquired in business combinations. We believe the franchise values of our automotive dealerships and the distribution agreements of our commercial vehicle distribution operations have an indefinite useful life based on the following:
F-14
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
Impairment Testing
Other indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed for impairment annually on October 1 and upon the occurrence of an indicator of impairment through a comparison of its carrying amount and estimated fair value. An indicator of impairment exists if the carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value, and an impairment loss may be recognized up to that excess. The fair value is determined using a discounted cash flow approach, which includes assumptions about revenue and profitability growth, profit margins, and the cost of capital. We also evaluate in connection with the annual impairment testing whether events and circumstances continue to support our assessment that the other indefinite-lived intangible assets continue to have an indefinite life.
Goodwill impairment is assessed at the reporting unit level annually on October 1 and upon the occurrence of an indicator of impairment. Our operations are organized by management into operating segments by line of business and geography. We have determined that we have 4 reportable segments as defined in generally accepted accounting principles for segment reporting: (i) Retail Automotive, consisting of our retail automotive dealership operations; (ii) Retail Commercial Truck, consisting of our retail commercial truck dealership operations in the U.S. and Canada; (iii) Other, consisting of our commercial vehicle and power systems distribution operations and other non-automotive consolidated operations; and (iv) Non-Automotive Investments, consisting of our equity method investments in non-automotive operations which includes our investment in PTS. We have determined that the dealerships in each of our operating segments within the Retail Automotive reportable segment are components that are aggregated into 6 reporting units for the purpose of goodwill impairment testing, as they (A) have similar economic characteristics (all are automotive dealerships having similar margins), (B) offer similar products and services (all sell new and/or used vehicles, service, parts, and third-party finance and insurance products), (C) have similar target markets and customers (generally individuals), and (D) have similar distribution and marketing practices (all distribute products and services through dealership facilities that market to customers in similar fashions). The reporting units are Eastern, Central, and Western United States, Stand-Alone Used United States, International, and Stand-Alone Used International. Our Retail Commercial Truck reportable segment has been determined to represent 1 operating segment and reporting unit. The goodwill included in our Other reportable segment relates primarily to our commercial vehicle distribution operating segment. There is 0 goodwill recorded in our Non-Automotive Investments reportable segment.
For our Retail Automotive, Retail Commercial Truck, and Other reporting units, we prepared a quantitative assessment of the carrying value of goodwill. We estimated the fair value of our reporting units using an “income” valuation approach. The “income” valuation approach estimates our enterprise value using a net present value model, which discounts projected free cash flows of our business using the weighted average cost of capital as the discount rate. We also validate the fair value for each reporting unit using the income approach by calculating a cash earnings multiple and determining whether the multiple was reasonable compared to recent market transactions completed by the Company or in the industry. As part of that assessment, we also reconcile the estimated aggregate fair values of our reporting units to our market capitalization. We believe this reconciliation process is consistent with a market participant perspective. This consideration would also include a control premium that represents the estimated amount an investor would pay for our equity securities to obtain a controlling interest and other significant assumptions, including revenue and profitability growth, franchise profit margins, residual values, and the cost of capital. During 2020, we concluded that for the retail automotive, retail commercial truck, and other reporting units that their fair values exceeded its carrying value.
F-15
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
Investments
We account for each of our investments under the equity method, pursuant to which we record our proportionate share of the investee’s income each period. The net book value of our investments was $1,500.3 million and $1,399.0 million as of December 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively, including $1,419.2 million and $1,323.2 million relating to PTS as of December 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively. We currently hold a 28.9% ownership interest in PTS.
Investments for which there is not a liquid, actively traded market are reviewed periodically by management for indicators of impairment. If an indicator of impairment is identified, management estimates the fair value of the investment using a discounted cash flow approach, which includes assumptions relating to revenue and profitability growth, profit margins, residual values, and our cost of capital. Declines in investment values that are deemed to be other than temporary may result in an impairment charge reducing the investments’ carrying value to fair value.
Foreign Currency Translation
For all of our non-U.S. operations, the functional currency is the local currency. The revenue and expense accounts of our non-U.S. operations are translated into U.S. dollars using the average exchange rates that prevailed during the period. Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. operations are translated into U.S. dollars using period end exchange rates. Cumulative translation adjustments relating to foreign functional currency assets and liabilities are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a separate component of equity.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Accounting standards establish a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value and also establishes the following three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, debt, floor plan notes payable, forward exchange contracts, and interest rate swaps used to hedge future cash flows. Other than our fixed rate debt, the carrying amount of all significant financial instruments approximates fair value due either to length of maturity, the existence of variable interest rates that approximate prevailing market rates, or as a result of mark to market accounting.
Our fixed rate debt consists of amounts outstanding under our senior subordinated notes and mortgage facilities. We estimate the fair value of our senior unsecured notes using quoted prices for the identical liability (Level 2), and we
F-16
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
estimate the fair value of our mortgage facilities using a present value technique based on our current market interest rates for similar types of financial instruments (Level 2). A summary of our fixed rate debt is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 |
| ||||||||
|
| Carrying Value |
| Fair Value |
| Carrying Value |
| Fair Value |
| ||||
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025 | | | 543.2 | | | 554.6 | | | — | | | — | |
5.50% senior subordinated notes due 2026 | | | 496.4 | | | 515.0 | | | 495.7 | | | 521.7 | |
Mortgage facilities | |
| 458.1 | |
| 474.7 | |
| 423.2 | |
| 430.9 | |
Revenue Recognition
Dealership Vehicle, Parts, and Service Sales
We record revenue for vehicle sales at a point in time when vehicles are delivered, which is when the transfer of title, risks and rewards of ownership, and control are considered passed to the customer. We record revenue for vehicle service and collision work over time as work is completed and when parts are delivered to our customers. Sales promotions that we offer to customers are accounted for as a reduction of revenues at the time of sale. Rebates and other incentives offered directly to us by manufacturers are recognized as a reduction of cost of sales. Reimbursements of qualified advertising expenses are treated as a reduction of selling, general, and administrative expenses. The amounts received under certain manufacturer rebate and incentive programs are based on the attainment of program objectives, and such earnings are recognized either upon the sale of the vehicle for which the award was received or upon attainment of the particular program goals if not associated with individual vehicles. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are recorded on a net basis (excluded from revenue).
Dealership Finance and Insurance Sales
Subsequent to the sale of a vehicle to a customer, we sell installment sale contracts to various financial institutions on a non-recourse basis (with specified exceptions) to mitigate the risk of default. We receive a commission from the lender equal to either the difference between the interest rate charged to the customer and the interest rate set by the financing institution or a flat fee. We also receive commissions for facilitating the sale of various products to customers, including guaranteed vehicle protection insurance, vehicle theft protection, and extended service contracts. These commissions are recorded as revenue at a point in time when the customer enters into the contract. Payment is typically due and collected within 30 days subsequent to the execution of the contract with the customer. In the case of finance contracts, a customer may prepay or fail to pay their contract, thereby terminating the contract. Customers may also terminate extended service contracts and other insurance products, which are fully paid at purchase, and become eligible for refunds of unused premiums. In these circumstances, a portion of the commissions we received may be charged back based on the terms of the contracts. The revenue we record relating to these transactions is net of an estimate of the amount of chargebacks we will be required to pay. Our estimate is based upon our historical experience with similar contracts, including the impact of refinance and default rates on retail finance contracts and cancellation rates on extended service contracts and other insurance products. Aggregate reserves relating to chargeback activity were $28.7$33.7 million and $26.6$28.7 million as of December 31, 2020,2021, and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively.
Commercial Vehicle Distribution
Distribution.
We record revenue from the distribution of vehicles, engines, and other products at a point in time when delivered, which is when the transfer of title, risks and rewards of ownership, and control are considered passed to the customer. We record revenue for service or repair work over time as work is completed and when parts are delivered to our customers. For our long-term power generation contracts, we record revenue over time as services are provided in accordance with contract milestones.
F-17
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share
Defined Contribution Plans
We sponsor a number of defined contribution plans covering a significant majorityeach of our employees. Our contributionsreporting units their fair values were more likely than not greater than their carrying values. If additional impairment testing was necessary, we would have estimated the fair value of our reporting units using an “income” valuation approach. The “income” valuation approach estimates our enterprise value using a net present value model, which discounts projected free cash flows of our business using the weighted average cost of capital as the discount rate. We would also have validated the fair value for each reporting unit using the income approach by calculating a cash earnings multiple and determining whether the multiple was reasonable compared to such plans are discretionaryrecent market transactions completed by the Company or in the industry. As part of that assessment, we would also have reconciled the estimated aggregate fair values of our reporting units to our market capitalization. We believe this reconciliation process is consistent with a market participant perspective. This consideration would also include a control premium that represents the estimated amount an investor would pay for our equity securities to obtain a controlling interest and are based onother significant assumptions, including revenue and profitability growth, franchise profit margins, residual values, and the levelcost of compensation and contributions by plan participants. capital.
Advertising
Advertising costsprofitability growth, profit margins, residual values, and our cost of capital. Declines in investment values that are expensed as incurred or when such advertising takes place. We incurred net advertising costs of $81.1 million, $112.6 million, and $115.3 million duringdeemed to be other than temporary may result in an impairment charge reducing the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. Qualified advertising expenditures reimbursed by manufacturers, which are treated as a reduction of advertising expense, were $13.3 million, $19.2 million, and $19.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.
investments’ carrying value to fair value.
2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New Vehicle Data | 2021 | 2020 | Change | % Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New retail unit sales | 195,384 | 178,437 | 16,947 | 9.5 | % | 178,437 | 222,704 | (44,267) | (19.9) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store new retail unit sales | 193,946 | 175,873 | 18,073 | 10.3 | % | 176,153 | 212,848 | (36,695) | (17.2) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New retail sales revenue | $ | 9,843.2 | $ | 8,080.5 | $ | 1,762.7 | 21.8 | % | $ | 8,080.5 | $ | 9,329.5 | $ | (1,249.0) | (13.4) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store new retail sales revenue | $ | 9,724.8 | $ | 7,994.5 | $ | 1,730.3 | 21.6 | % | $ | 8,007.2 | $ | 9,013.4 | $ | (1,006.2) | (11.2) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New retail sales revenue per unit | $ | 50,379 | $ | 45,285 | $ | 5,094 | 11.2 | % | $ | 45,285 | $ | 41,892 | $ | 3,393 | 8.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store new retail sales revenue per unit | $ | 50,142 | $ | 45,456 | $ | 4,686 | 10.3 | % | $ | 45,456 | $ | 42,347 | $ | 3,109 | 7.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit — new | $ | 1,045.5 | $ | 652.8 | $ | 392.7 | 60.2 | % | $ | 652.8 | $ | 695.6 | $ | (42.8) | (6.2) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store gross profit — new | $ | 1,026.4 | $ | 648.0 | $ | 378.4 | 58.4 | % | $ | 648.7 | $ | 676.2 | $ | (27.5) | (4.1) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average gross profit per new vehicle retailed | $ | 5,351 | $ | 3,659 | $ | 1,692 | 46.2 | % | $ | 3,659 | $ | 3,124 | $ | 535 | 17.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store average gross profit per new vehicle retailed | $ | 5,292 | $ | 3,684 | $ | 1,608 | 43.6 | % | $ | 3,683 | $ | 3,177 | $ | 506 | 15.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross margin % — new | 10.6 | % | 8.1 | % | 2.5 | % | 30.9 | % | 8.1 | % | 7.5 | % | 0.6 | % | 8.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store gross margin % — new | 10.6 | % | 8.1 | % | 2.5 | % | 30.9 | % | 8.1 | % | 7.5 | % | 0.6 | % | 8.0 | % |
2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Used Vehicle Data | 2021 | 2020 | Change | % Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Used retail unit sales | 264,520 | 233,469 | 31,051 | 13.3 | % | 233,469 | 284,190 | (50,721) | (17.8) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store used retail unit sales | 257,386 | 230,468 | 26,918 | 11.7 | % | 226,920 | 273,732 | (46,812) | (17.1) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Used retail sales revenue | $ | 8,549.0 | $ | 6,414.7 | $ | 2,134.3 | 33.3 | % | $ | 6,414.7 | $ | 7,241.2 | $ | (826.5) | (11.4) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store used retail sales revenue | $ | 8,360.6 | $ | 6,343.0 | $ | 2,017.6 | 31.8 | % | $ | 6,289.4 | $ | 7,015.2 | $ | (725.8) | (10.3) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Used retail sales revenue per unit | $ | 32,319 | $ | 27,476 | $ | 4,843 | 17.6 | % | $ | 27,476 | $ | 25,480 | $ | 1,996 | 7.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store used retail sales revenue per unit | $ | 32,483 | $ | 27,522 | $ | 4,961 | 18.0 | % | $ | 27,716 | $ | 25,628 | $ | 2,088 | 8.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit — used | $ | 666.6 | $ | 388.9 | $ | 277.7 | 71.4 | % | $ | 388.9 | $ | 366.1 | $ | 22.8 | 6.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store gross profit — used | $ | 652.5 | $ | 386.0 | $ | 266.5 | 69.0 | % | $ | 382.4 | $ | 359.8 | $ | 22.6 | 6.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average gross profit per used vehicle retailed | $ | 2,520 | $ | 1,666 | $ | 854 | 51.3 | % | $ | 1,666 | $ | 1,288 | $ | 378 | 29.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store average gross profit per used vehicle retailed | $ | 2,535 | $ | 1,675 | $ | 860 | 51.3 | % | $ | 1,685 | $ | 1,314 | $ | 371 | 28.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross margin % — used | 7.8 | % | 6.1 | % | 1.7 | % | 27.9 | % | 6.1 | % | 5.1 | % | 1.0 | % | 19.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store gross margin % — used | 7.8 | % | 6.1 | % | 1.7 | % | 27.9 | % | 6.1 | % | 5.1 | % | 1.0 | % | 19.6 | % |
2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finance and Insurance Data | 2021 | 2020 | Change | % Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total retail unit sales | 459,904 | 411,906 | 47,998 | 11.7 | % | 411,906 | 506,894 | (94,988) | (18.7) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total same-store retail unit sales | 451,332 | 406,341 | 44,991 | 11.1 | % | 403,073 | 486,580 | (83,507) | (17.2) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finance and insurance revenue | $ | 780.5 | $ | 576.3 | $ | 204.2 | 35.4 | % | $ | 576.3 | $ | 652.1 | $ | (75.8) | (11.6) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store finance and insurance revenue | $ | 768.5 | $ | 570.1 | $ | 198.4 | 34.8 | % | $ | 566.1 | $ | 634.0 | $ | (67.9) | (10.7) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finance and insurance revenue per unit | $ | 1,697 | $ | 1,399 | $ | 298 | 21.3 | % | $ | 1,399 | $ | 1,287 | $ | 112 | 8.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store finance and insurance revenue per unit | $ | 1,703 | $ | 1,403 | $ | 300 | 21.4 | % | $ | 1,404 | $ | 1,303 | $ | 101 | 7.8 | % |
2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service and Parts Data | 2021 | 2020 | Change | % Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service and parts revenue | $ | 2,165.6 | $ | 1,883.7 | $ | 281.9 | 15.0 | % | $ | 1,883.7 | $ | 2,195.9 | $ | (312.2) | (14.2) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store service and parts revenue | $ | 2,141.0 | $ | 1,857.2 | $ | 283.8 | 15.3 | % | $ | 1,867.4 | $ | 2,134.3 | $ | (266.9) | (12.5) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit — service and parts | $ | 1,307.3 | $ | 1,127.4 | $ | 179.9 | 16.0 | % | $ | 1,127.4 | $ | 1,305.8 | $ | (178.4) | (13.7) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store service and parts gross profit | $ | 1,291.7 | $ | 1,113.0 | $ | 178.7 | 16.1 | % | $ | 1,115.7 | $ | 1,266.3 | $ | (150.6) | (11.9) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross margin % — service and parts | 60.4 | % | 59.9 | % | 0.5 | % | 0.8 | % | 59.9 | % | 59.5 | % | 0.4 | % | 0.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store service and parts gross margin % | 60.3 | % | 59.9 | % | 0.4 | % | 0.7 | % | 59.7 | % | 59.3 | % | 0.4 | % | 0.7 | % |
2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New Commercial Truck Data | 2021 | 2020 | Change | % Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New retail unit sales | 13,000 | 11,324 | 1,676 | 14.8 | % | 11,324 | 11,897 | (573) | (4.8) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store new retail unit sales | 10,983 | 11,324 | (341) | (3.0) | % | 7,577 | 8,415 | (838) | (10.0) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New retail sales revenue | $ | 1,540.1 | $ | 1,315.9 | $ | 224.2 | 17.0 | % | $ | 1,315.9 | $ | 1,347.2 | $ | (31.3) | (2.3) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store new retail sales revenue | $ | 1,322.3 | $ | 1,315.9 | $ | 6.4 | 0.5 | % | $ | 885.9 | $ | 934.3 | $ | (48.4) | (5.2) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New retail sales revenue per unit | $ | 118,467 | $ | 116,201 | $ | 2,266 | 2.0 | % | $ | 116,201 | $ | 113,239 | $ | 2,962 | 2.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store new retail sales revenue per unit | $ | 120,399 | $ | 116,201 | $ | 4,198 | 3.6 | % | $ | 116,915 | $ | 111,024 | $ | 5,891 | 5.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit — new | $ | 80.2 | $ | 50.4 | $ | 29.8 | 59.1 | % | $ | 50.4 | $ | 61.4 | $ | (11.0) | (17.9) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store gross profit — new | $ | 72.8 | $ | 50.4 | $ | 22.4 | 44.4 | % | $ | 34.2 | $ | 40.1 | $ | (5.9) | (14.7) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average gross profit per new truck retailed | $ | 6,166 | $ | 4,451 | $ | 1,715 | 38.5 | % | $ | 4,451 | $ | 5,164 | $ | (713) | (13.8) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store average gross profit per new truck retailed | $ | 6,628 | $ | 4,451 | $ | 2,177 | 48.9 | % | $ | 4,513 | $ | 4,762 | $ | (249) | (5.2) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross margin % — new | 5.2 | % | 3.8 | % | 1.4 | % | 36.8 | % | 3.8 | % | 4.6 | % | (0.8) | % | (17.4) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store gross margin % — new | 5.5 | % | 3.8 | % | 1.7 | % | 44.7 | % | 3.9 | % | 4.3 | % | (0.4) | % | (9.3) | % |
2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Used Commercial Truck Data | 2021 | 2020 | Change | % Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Used retail unit sales | 3,431 | 3,826 | (395) | (10.3) | % | 3,826 | 1,954 | 1,872 | 95.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store used retail unit sales | 3,191 | 3,826 | (635) | (16.6) | % | 2,530 | 1,644 | 886 | 53.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Used retail sales revenue | $ | 270.6 | $ | 194.2 | $ | 76.4 | 39.3 | % | $ | 194.2 | $ | 117.0 | $ | 77.2 | 66.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store used retail sales revenue | $ | 251.3 | $ | 194.2 | $ | 57.1 | 29.4 | % | $ | 129.7 | $ | 97.8 | $ | 31.9 | 32.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Used retail sales revenue per unit | $ | 78,874 | $ | 50,747 | $ | 28,127 | 55.4 | % | $ | 50,747 | $ | 59,865 | $ | (9,118) | (15.2) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store used retail sales revenue per unit | $ | 78,766 | $ | 50,747 | $ | 28,019 | 55.2 | % | $ | 51,279 | $ | 59,510 | $ | (8,231) | (13.8) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit — used | $ | 48.1 | $ | 0.4 | $ | 47.7 | 11,925.0 | % | $ | 0.4 | $ | 9.2 | $ | (8.8) | (95.7) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store gross profit — used | $ | 44.3 | $ | 0.4 | $ | 43.9 | 10,975.0 | % | $ | 5.2 | $ | 7.9 | $ | (2.7) | (34.2) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average gross profit per used truck retailed | $ | 14,015 | $ | 97 | $ | 13,918 | 14,348.5 | % | $ | 97 | $ | 4,706 | $ | (4,609) | (97.9) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store average gross profit per used truck retailed | $ | 13,872 | $ | 97 | $ | 13,775 | 14,201.0 | % | $ | 2,073 | $ | 4,836 | $ | (2,763) | (57.1) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross margin % — used | 17.8 | % | 0.2 | % | 17.6 | % | 8,800.0 | % | 0.2 | % | 7.9 | % | (7.7) | % | (97.5) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store gross margin % — used | 17.6 | % | 0.2 | % | 17.4 | % | 8,700.0 | % | 4.0 | % | 8.1 | % | (4.1) | % | (50.6) | % |
2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service and Parts Data | 2021 | 2020 | Change | % Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service and parts revenue | $ | 609.0 | $ | 478.1 | $ | 130.9 | 27.4 | % | $ | 478.1 | $ | 503.3 | $ | (25.2) | (5.0) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store service and parts revenue | $ | 537.6 | $ | 478.1 | $ | 59.5 | 12.4 | % | $ | 335.4 | $ | 371.9 | $ | (36.5) | (9.8) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit — service and parts | $ | 257.0 | $ | 207.3 | $ | 49.7 | 24.0 | % | $ | 207.3 | $ | 182.4 | $ | 24.9 | 13.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store service and parts gross profit | $ | 228.3 | $ | 207.3 | $ | 21.0 | 10.1 | % | $ | 135.9 | $ | 146.8 | $ | (10.9) | (7.4) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross margin % — service and parts | 42.2% | 43.4% | (1.2) | % | (2.8) | % | 43.4% | 36.2% | 7.2 | % | 19.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store service and parts gross margin % | 42.5% | 43.4% | (0.9) | % | (2.1) | % | 40.5% | 39.5% | 1.0 | % | 2.5 | % |
2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Penske Australia Data | 2021 | 2020 | Change | % Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Units | 1,628 | 966 | 662 | 68.5 | % | 966 | 1,569 | (603) | (38.4) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales revenue | $ | 575.7 | $ | 454.2 | $ | 121.5 | 26.8 | % | $ | 454.2 | $ | 513.1 | $ | (58.9) | (11.5) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit | $ | 153.7 | $ | 122.3 | $ | 31.4 | 25.7 | % | $ | 122.3 | $ | 138.8 | $ | (16.5) | (11.9) | % |
2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Selling, General, and Administrative Data | 2021 | 2020 | Change | % Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personnel expense | $ | 1,848.9 | $ | 1,402.4 | $ | 446.5 | 31.8 | % | $ | 1,402.4 | $ | 1,570.8 | $ | (168.4) | (10.7) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Advertising expense | $ | 119.2 | $ | 81.1 | $ | 38.1 | 47.0 | % | $ | 81.1 | $ | 112.6 | $ | (31.5) | (28.0) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rent & related expense | $ | 342.7 | $ | 316.6 | $ | 26.1 | 8.2 | % | $ | 316.6 | $ | 339.9 | $ | (23.3) | (6.9) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other expense | $ | 652.1 | $ | 564.4 | $ | 87.7 | 15.5 | % | $ | 564.4 | $ | 669.9 | $ | (105.5) | (15.7) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total SG&A expenses | $ | 2,962.9 | $ | 2,364.5 | $ | 598.4 | 25.3 | % | $ | 2,364.5 | $ | 2,693.2 | $ | (328.7) | (12.2) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store SG&A expenses | $ | 2,893.3 | $ | 2,334.3 | $ | 559.0 | 23.9 | % | $ | 2,265.5 | $ | 2,578.0 | $ | (312.5) | (12.1) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personnel expense as % of gross profit | 41.6 | % | 44.0 | % | (2.4) | % | (5.5) | % | 44.0 | % | 45.5 | % | (1.5) | % | (3.3) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Advertising expense as % of gross profit | 2.7 | % | 2.5 | % | 0.2 | % | 8.0 | % | 2.5 | % | 3.3 | % | (0.8) | % | (24.2) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rent & related expense as % of gross profit | 7.7 | % | 9.9 | % | (2.2) | % | (22.2) | % | 9.9 | % | 9.8 | % | 0.1 | % | 1.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other expense as % of gross profit | 14.7 | % | 17.9 | % | (3.2) | % | (17.9) | % | 17.9 | % | 19.3 | % | (1.4) | % | (7.3) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total SG&A expenses as % of gross profit | 66.7 | % | 74.3 | % | (7.6) | % | (10.2) | % | 74.3 | % | 77.9 | % | (3.6) | % | (4.6) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store SG&A expenses as % of same-store gross profit | 66.7 | % | 74.0 | % | (7.3) | % | (9.9) | % | 73.8 | % | 77.8 | % | (4.0) | % | (5.1) | % |
2021 vs. 2020 | 2021 vs. 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | Change | % Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation | $ | 121.5 | $ | 115.5 | $ | 6.0 | 5.2 | % | $ | 115.5 | $ | 109.6 | $ | 5.9 | 5.4 | % |
is primarily related to our ongoing facility improvements and expansion programs.
2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | Change | % Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Floor plan interest expense | $ | 26.2 | $ | 46.3 | $ | (20.1) | (43.4) | % | $ | 46.3 | $ | 84.5 | $ | (38.2) | (45.2) | % |
2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | Change | % Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other interest expense | $ | 68.6 | $ | 111.0 | $ | (42.4) | (38.2) | % | $ | 111.0 | $ | 124.2 | $ | (13.2) | (10.6) | % |
2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | Change | % Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity in earnings of affiliates | $ | 374.5 | $ | 169.0 | $ | 205.5 | 121.6 | % | $ | 169.0 | $ | 147.5 | $ | 21.5 | 14.6 | % |
2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | Change | % Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes | $ | 416.3 | $ | 162.7 | $ | 253.6 | 155.9 | % | $ | 162.7 | $ | 156.7 | $ | 6.0 | 3.8 | % |
2020 | |||||
First Quarter | $ | 0.42 | |||
Second Quarter | — | ||||
Third Quarter | — | ||||
Fourth Quarter | $ | 0.42 |
2021 | |||||
First Quarter | $ | 0.43 | |||
Second Quarter | $ | 0.44 | |||
Third Quarter | $ | 0.45 | |||
Fourth Quarter | $ | 0.46 |
(In millions) | December 31, 2021 | ||||
U.S. credit agreement — revolving credit line | $ | — | |||
U.K. credit agreement — revolving credit line | — | ||||
U.K. credit agreement — overdraft line of credit | — | ||||
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025 | 544.7 | ||||
3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029 | 494.3 | ||||
Australia capital loan agreement | 26.6 | ||||
Australia working capital loan agreement | — | ||||
Mortgage facilities | 353.8 | ||||
Other | 54.6 | ||||
Total long-term debt | $ | 1,474.0 |
PAG and Guarantor Subsidiaries | |||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2021 | Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 14,605.6 | $ | 11,576.7 | |||||||
Gross profit | 2,731.0 | 1,908.9 | |||||||||
Equity in earnings of affiliates | 366.2 | 164.5 | |||||||||
Income from continuing operations | 908.2 | 400.1 | |||||||||
Net income | 909.5 | 400.4 | |||||||||
Net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group | 909.5 | 400.4 |
PAG and Guarantor Subsidiaries | |||||||||||
December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
Current assets (1) | $ | 2,245.6 | $ | 2,627.3 | |||||||
Property and equipment, net | 1,264.9 | 1,128.8 | |||||||||
Equity method investments | 1,645.6 | 1,424.7 | |||||||||
Other noncurrent assets | 3,524.0 | 3,173.6 | |||||||||
Current liabilities | 1,843.9 | 2,156.3 | |||||||||
Noncurrent liabilities | 3,858.9 | 3,848.5 |
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
(In millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by continuing operating activities | $ | 1,292.0 | $ | 1,201.5 | $ | 518.3 | |||||||||||
Net cash used in continuing investing activities | (623.1) | (136.5) | (532.7) | ||||||||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by continuing financing activities | (615.5) | (1,053.9) | 2.6 | ||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by discontinued operations | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (3.5) | 10.0 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 51.2 | $ | 21.4 | $ | (11.3) |
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
(In millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
Net cash from continuing operating activities as reported | $ | 1,292.0 | $ | 1,201.5 | $ | 518.3 | |||||||||||
Floor plan notes payable — non-trade as reported | 38.9 | (230.2) | 177.5 | ||||||||||||||
Net cash from continuing operating activities including all floor plan notes payable | $ | 1,330.9 | $ | 971.3 | $ | 695.8 |
Plan Category | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants, and rights (A) | Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants, and rights (B) | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (A)) (C) | ||||||||||||||
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | — | $ | — | 4,496,793 | |||||||||||||
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Total | — | $ | — | 4,496,793 |
3.1 | |||||
3.2 | |||||
4.1.1 | |||||
4.1.2 | |||||
4.1.3 | |||||
4.1.4 | |||||
4.1.5 | |||||
4.1.6 | |||||
4.1.7 | |||||
4.1.8 | |||||
4.1.9 | |||||
4.2.1 | |||||
4.2.2 | |||||
4.2.3 | |||||
4.3.1 | |||||
4.3.2 | |||||
4.3.3 | |||||
4.4 | |||||
*10.1 | |||||
*10.2 | |||||
*10.3 |
*10.4 | |||||
*10.5 | |||||
*10.6.1 | |||||
*10.6.2 | |||||
10.7 | |||||
10.8.1 | |||||
10.8.2 | |||||
10.8.3 | |||||
10.8.4 | |||||
10.9 | |||||
10.10 | |||||
10.11 | |||||
10.12 | |||||
10.13 | |||||
10.14 | |||||
10.15 | |||||
10.16.1 | |||||
10.16.2 | |||||
10.16.3 |
10.16.4 | |||||
10.16.5 | |||||
10.16.6 | |||||
10.16.7 | |||||
21 | |||||
22 | |||||
23.1 | |||||
31.1 | |||||
31.2 | |||||
32 | |||||
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | ||||
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema. | ||||
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase. | ||||
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase. | ||||
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase. | ||||
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase. | ||||
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) – The cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document |
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC. | ||||||||
By: | /s/ Roger S. Penske | |||||||
Roger S. Penske Chair of the Board and Chief Executive Officer |
Signature | Title | Date | ||||||||||||
/s/ Roger S. Penske | Chair of the Board and | February 18, 2022 | ||||||||||||
Roger S. Penske | Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||||||||
/s/ Michelle Hulgrave | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | February 18, 2022 | ||||||||||||
Michelle Hulgrave | (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | |||||||||||||
/s/ John D. Barr | Director | February 18, 2022 | ||||||||||||
John D. Barr | ||||||||||||||
/s/ Lisa Davis | Director | February 18, 2022 | ||||||||||||
Lisa Davis | ||||||||||||||
/s/ Michael R. Eisenson | Director | February 18, 2022 | ||||||||||||
Michael R. Eisenson | ||||||||||||||
/s/ Robert H. Kurnick, Jr. | Director | February 18, 2022 | ||||||||||||
Robert H. Kurnick, Jr. | ||||||||||||||
/s/ Wolfgang Dürheimer | Director | February 18, 2022 | ||||||||||||
Wolfgang Dürheimer | ||||||||||||||
/s/ Kimberly J. McWaters | Director | February 18, 2022 | ||||||||||||
Kimberly J. McWaters | ||||||||||||||
/s/ Greg Penske | Director | February 18, 2022 | ||||||||||||
Greg Penske | ||||||||||||||
/s/ Sandra E. Pierce | Director | February 18, 2022 | ||||||||||||
Sandra E. Pierce | ||||||||||||||
/s/ Kota Odagiri | Director | February 18, 2022 | ||||||||||||
Kota Odagiri | ||||||||||||||
/s/ Greg C. Smith | Director | February 18, 2022 | ||||||||||||
Greg C. Smith | ||||||||||||||
/s/ Ronald G. Steinhart | Director | February 18, 2022 | ||||||||||||
Ronald G. Steinhart | ||||||||||||||
/s/ H. Brian Thompson | Director | February 18, 2022 | ||||||||||||
H. Brian Thompson |
December 31, | |||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
(In millions, except share and per share amounts) | |||||||||||
ASSETS | |||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 100.7 | $ | 49.5 | |||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $6.8 and $5.5 | 734.0 | 806.9 | |||||||||
Inventories | 3,129.0 | 3,425.6 | |||||||||
Other current assets | 111.7 | 126.8 | |||||||||
Total current assets | 4,075.4 | 4,408.8 | |||||||||
Property and equipment, net | 2,442.2 | 2,404.4 | |||||||||
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 2,451.4 | 2,416.5 | |||||||||
Goodwill | 2,124.1 | 1,928.4 | |||||||||
Other indefinite-lived intangible assets | 641.5 | 563.4 | |||||||||
Equity method investments | 1,688.1 | 1,500.3 | |||||||||
Other long-term assets | 41.9 | 25.4 | |||||||||
Total assets | $ | 13,464.6 | $ | 13,247.2 | |||||||
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | |||||||||||
Floor plan notes payable | $ | 1,144.8 | $ | 1,780.5 | |||||||
Floor plan notes payable — non-trade | 1,409.9 | 1,363.8 | |||||||||
Accounts payable | 767.1 | 675.4 | |||||||||
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 870.3 | 767.2 | |||||||||
Current portion of long-term debt | 82.0 | 87.5 | |||||||||
Liabilities held for sale | 0.5 | 0.5 | |||||||||
Total current liabilities | 4,274.6 | 4,674.9 | |||||||||
Long-term debt | 1,392.0 | 1,602.1 | |||||||||
Long-term operating lease liabilities | 2,373.6 | 2,350.3 | |||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities | 1,060.4 | 873.1 | |||||||||
Other long-term liabilities | 269.0 | 420.7 | |||||||||
Total liabilities | 9,369.6 | 9,921.1 | |||||||||
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 12) | 0 | 0 | |||||||||
Equity | |||||||||||
Penske Automotive Group stockholders’ equity: | |||||||||||
Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding | — | — | |||||||||
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, 240,000,000 shares authorized; 77,574,172 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021; 80,392,662 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 | — | — | |||||||||
Non-voting Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; 7,125,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding | — | — | |||||||||
Class C Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding | — | — | |||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 42.2 | 311.8 | |||||||||
Retained earnings | 4,196.6 | 3,151.3 | |||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (168.8) | (160.6) | |||||||||
Total Penske Automotive Group stockholders’ equity | 4,070.0 | 3,302.5 | |||||||||
Non-controlling interest | 25.0 | 23.6 | |||||||||
Total equity | 4,095.0 | 3,326.1 | |||||||||
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 13,464.6 | $ | 13,247.2 |
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
(In millions, except share and per share amounts) | |||||||||||||||||
Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||
Retail automotive dealership | $ | 22,513.3 | $ | 17,928.8 | $ | 20,615.8 | |||||||||||
Retail commercial truck dealership | 2,465.7 | 2,060.9 | 2,050.5 | ||||||||||||||
Commercial vehicle distribution | 575.7 | 454.2 | 513.1 | ||||||||||||||
Total revenues | 25,554.7 | 20,443.9 | 23,179.4 | ||||||||||||||
Cost of sales: | |||||||||||||||||
Retail automotive dealership | 18,643.1 | 15,147.5 | 17,576.9 | ||||||||||||||
Retail commercial truck dealership | 2,048.8 | 1,780.0 | 1,772.7 | ||||||||||||||
Commercial vehicle distribution | 422.0 | 331.9 | 374.3 | ||||||||||||||
Total cost of sales | 21,113.9 | 17,259.4 | 19,723.9 | ||||||||||||||
Gross profit | 4,440.8 | 3,184.5 | 3,455.5 | ||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 2,962.9 | 2,364.5 | 2,693.2 | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation | 121.5 | 115.5 | 109.6 | ||||||||||||||
Operating income | 1,356.4 | 704.5 | 652.7 | ||||||||||||||
Floor plan interest expense | (26.2) | (46.3) | (84.5) | ||||||||||||||
Other interest expense | (68.6) | (111.0) | (124.2) | ||||||||||||||
Debt redemption costs | (17.0) | (8.6) | — | ||||||||||||||
Loss on investment | (11.4) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Equity in earnings of affiliates | 374.5 | 169.0 | 147.5 | ||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations before income taxes | 1,607.7 | 707.6 | 591.5 | ||||||||||||||
Income taxes | (416.3) | (162.7) | (156.7) | ||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | 1,191.4 | 544.9 | 434.8 | ||||||||||||||
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||||
Net income | 1,192.7 | 545.3 | 435.1 | ||||||||||||||
Less: Income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | 4.9 | 1.7 | (0.7) | ||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders | $ | 1,187.8 | $ | 543.6 | $ | 435.8 | |||||||||||
Basic earnings per share attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders: | |||||||||||||||||
Continuing operations | $ | 14.88 | $ | 6.74 | $ | 5.28 | |||||||||||
Discontinued operations | 0.01 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders | $ | 14.89 | $ | 6.74 | $ | 5.28 | |||||||||||
Shares used in determining basic earnings per share | 79,746,106 | 80,594,856 | 82,495,045 | ||||||||||||||
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders: | |||||||||||||||||
Continuing operations | $ | 14.88 | $ | 6.74 | $ | 5.28 | |||||||||||
Discontinued operations | 0.01 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders | $ | 14.89 | $ | 6.74 | $ | 5.28 | |||||||||||
Shares used in determining diluted earnings per share | 79,746,106 | 80,594,856 | 82,495,045 | ||||||||||||||
Amounts attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders: | |||||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 1,191.4 | $ | 544.9 | $ | 434.8 | |||||||||||
Less: Income (Loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | 4.9 | 1.7 | (0.7) | ||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations, net of tax | 1,186.5 | 543.2 | 435.5 | ||||||||||||||
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders | $ | 1,187.8 | $ | 543.6 | $ | 435.8 | |||||||||||
Cash dividends per share | $ | 1.78 | $ | 0.84 | $ | 1.58 |
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
(In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 1,192.7 | $ | 545.3 | $ | 435.1 | |||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss): | |||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (39.8) | 51.3 | 21.9 | ||||||||||||||
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps: | |||||||||||||||||
Unrealized gain (loss) arising during the period, net of tax (provision) benefit of ($1.2), $1.3, and $0.0, respectively | 4.4 | (3.6) | — | ||||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustment for (gain) loss included in floor plan interest expense, net of tax provision (benefit) of $0.3, ($0.2), and $0.0, respectively | (1.2) | 0.4 | — | ||||||||||||||
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps, net of tax | 3.2 | (3.2) | — | ||||||||||||||
Other adjustments to comprehensive income (loss), net | 27.5 | (5.2) | 9.5 | ||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (9.1) | 42.9 | 31.4 | ||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income | 1,183.6 | 588.2 | 466.5 | ||||||||||||||
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | 4.0 | 2.4 | (1.0) | ||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders | $ | 1,179.6 | $ | 585.8 | $ | 467.5 |
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
(In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
Operating Activities: | |||||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 1,192.7 | $ | 545.3 | $ | 435.1 | |||||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from continuing operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
Depreciation | 121.5 | 115.5 | 109.6 | ||||||||||||||
Loss on investment | 11.4 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Earnings of equity method investments | (234.9) | (115.0) | (94.6) | ||||||||||||||
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | (1.3) | (0.4) | (0.3) | ||||||||||||||
Deferred income taxes | 184.8 | 194.3 | 92.0 | ||||||||||||||
Debt redemption costs | 17.0 | 8.6 | — | ||||||||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
Accounts receivable | 75.6 | 152.7 | (30.9) | ||||||||||||||
Inventories | 402.6 | 805.4 | (117.8) | ||||||||||||||
Floor plan notes payable | (628.6) | (611.0) | 83.9 | ||||||||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 139.0 | 125.0 | 71.4 | ||||||||||||||
Other | 12.2 | (18.9) | (30.1) | ||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by continuing operating activities | 1,292.0 | 1,201.5 | 518.3 | ||||||||||||||
Investing Activities: | |||||||||||||||||
Purchase of equipment and improvements | (248.9) | (185.9) | (245.3) | ||||||||||||||
Proceeds from sale of dealerships | 4.3 | 40.6 | 22.8 | ||||||||||||||
Proceeds from sale-leaseback transactions | — | — | 18.9 | ||||||||||||||
Proceeds from sale of equipment and improvements | 54.9 | 19.8 | 8.6 | ||||||||||||||
Acquisitions net, including repayment of sellers’ floor plan notes payable of $43.0, $0.0, and $138.5, respectively | (431.8) | — | (326.9) | ||||||||||||||
Other | (1.6) | (11.0) | (10.8) | ||||||||||||||
Net cash used in continuing investing activities | (623.1) | (136.5) | (532.7) | ||||||||||||||
Financing Activities: | |||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from borrowings under U.S. credit agreement revolving credit line | 1,856.0 | 1,797.0 | 1,808.0 | ||||||||||||||
Repayments under U.S. credit agreement revolving credit line | (1,964.0) | (1,734.0) | (1,793.0) | ||||||||||||||
Issuance of 3.50% senior subordinated notes | — | 550.0 | — | ||||||||||||||
Issuance of 3.75% senior subordinated notes | 500.0 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Repayment of 3.75% senior subordinated notes | — | (300.0) | — | ||||||||||||||
Repayment of 5.375% senior subordinated notes | — | (300.0) | — | ||||||||||||||
Repayment of 5.50% senior subordinated notes | (500.0) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Repayment of 5.75% senior subordinated notes | — | (550.0) | — | ||||||||||||||
Net (repayments) borrowings of other long-term debt | (104.2) | (144.4) | 115.4 | ||||||||||||||
Net borrowings (repayments) of floor plan notes payable — non-trade | 38.9 | (230.2) | 177.5 | ||||||||||||||
Payments for contingent consideration | — | (31.6) | — | ||||||||||||||
Repurchases of common stock | (280.6) | (29.4) | (169.2) | ||||||||||||||
Dividends | (142.5) | (68.1) | (130.8) | ||||||||||||||
Payment of debt issuance costs | (6.3) | (8.1) | (0.4) | ||||||||||||||
Other | (12.8) | (5.1) | (4.9) | ||||||||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by continuing financing activities | (615.5) | (1,053.9) | 2.6 | ||||||||||||||
Discontinued operations: | |||||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by discontinued operating activities | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by discontinued operations | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (3.5) | 10.0 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | 51.2 | 21.4 | (11.3) | ||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 49.5 | 28.1 | 39.4 | ||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 100.7 | $ | 49.5 | $ | 28.1 | |||||||||||
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | |||||||||||||||||
Cash paid for: | |||||||||||||||||
Interest | $ | 95.3 | $ | 168.5 | $ | 204.9 | |||||||||||
Income taxes | 160.1 | 17.9 | 92.4 | ||||||||||||||
Non cash activities: | |||||||||||||||||
Contingent consideration | — | — | 10.6 |
Voting and Non-voting Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Total Penske Automotive Group Stockholders’ Equity | Non-controlling Interest | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issued Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, January 1, 2018 | 84,546,970 | $ | — | $ | 477.8 | $ | 2,365.8 | $ | (234.5) | $ | 2,609.1 | $ | 25.6 | $ | 2,634.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adoption of ASC 842 | — | — | — | 5.0 | — | 5.0 | — | 5.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity compensation | 524,617 | — | 16.7 | — | — | 16.7 | — | 16.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchases of common stock | (3,986,836) | — | (174.1) | — | — | (174.1) | — | (174.1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends ($1.58 per share) | — | — | — | (130.8) | — | (130.8) | — | (130.8) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase of subsidiary shares from non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | (7.0) | (7.0) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions to non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | (0.5) | (0.5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation | — | — | — | — | 22.2 | 22.2 | (0.3) | 21.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | — | — | — | 9.5 | 9.5 | 1.1 | 10.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | — | 435.8 | — | 435.8 | (0.7) | 435.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2019 | 81,084,751 | — | 320.4 | 2,675.8 | (202.8) | 2,793.4 | 18.2 | 2,811.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity compensation | 335,647 | — | 25.8 | — | — | 25.8 | — | 25.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchases of common stock | (1,027,736) | — | (34.4) | — | — | (34.4) | — | (34.4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends ($0.84 per share) | — | — | — | (68.1) | — | (68.1) | — | (68.1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps | — | — | — | — | (3.2) | (3.2) | — | (3.2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase of subsidiary shares from non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | (5.0) | (5.0) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation | — | — | — | — | 50.6 | 50.6 | 0.7 | 51.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | — | — | — | (5.2) | (5.2) | 8.0 | 2.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | — | 543.6 | — | 543.6 | 1.7 | 545.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2020 | 80,392,662 | — | 311.8 | 3,151.3 | (160.6) | 3,302.5 | 23.6 | 3,326.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity compensation | 443,090 | — | 23.9 | — | — | 23.9 | — | 23.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchases of common stock | (3,261,580) | — | (293.5) | — | — | (293.5) | — | (293.5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends ($1.78 per share) | — | — | — | (142.5) | — | (142.5) | — | (142.5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps | — | — | — | — | 3.2 | 3.2 | — | 3.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions to non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | (2.6) | (2.6) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation | — | — | — | — | (38.9) | (38.9) | (0.9) | (39.8) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | — | — | — | 27.5 | 27.5 | — | 27.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | — | 1,187.8 | — | 1,187.8 | 4.9 | 1,192.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2021 | 77,574,172 | $ | — | $ | 42.2 | $ | 4,196.6 | $ | (168.8) | $ | 4,070.0 | $ | 25.0 | $ | 4,095.0 |
Level 1 | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities | ||||
Level 2 | Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted market prices in markets that are not active, or model-derived valuations or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities | ||||
Level 3 | Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities |
December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Carrying Value | Fair Value | Carrying Value | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025 | $ | 544.7 | $ | 560.5 | $ | 543.2 | $ | 554.6 | |||||||||||||||
3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029 | 494.3 | 490.7 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage facilities | 353.8 | 359.8 | 458.1 | 474.7 |
F-18
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
A reconciliation of the number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 and 2018 follows:
| | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| ||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
|
| | | | | | |
|
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding |
| 80,594,856 |
| 82,495,045 |
| 85,165,367 | |
Effect of non-participatory equity compensation |
| — |
| — |
| — | |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, including effect of dilutive securities |
| 80,594,856 |
| 82,495,045 |
| 85,165,367 | |
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding | 79,746,106 | 80,594,856 | 82,495,045 | ||||||||||||||
Effect of non-participatory equity compensation | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, including effect of dilutive securities | 79,746,106 | 80,594,856 | 82,495,045 |
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” This ASU replaces the current incurred loss impairment methodology of recognizing credit losses when a loss is probable with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to assess credit loss estimates. This ASU is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this ASU on the effective date of January 1, 2020. The adoption of this accounting standard update has not had a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
F-19
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
Fair Value Measurement Disclosure
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” This ASU eliminates, modifies, and adds certain disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. For public companies, this ASU is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. Entities were permitted to early adopt any eliminated or amended disclosures and delay adoption of the additional disclosure requirements until the effective date. We adopted this ASU on the effective date of January 1, 2020. The adoption of this accounting standard update has not had a material impact on our on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
Accounting for Cloud Computing Arrangements
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software - Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract.” Under this new guidance, certain implementation costs incurred in a hosted cloud computing service arrangement will be capitalized in accordance with ASC 350-40. For public companies, this ASU is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those annual periods with early adoption permitted. The amendments from this update are to be applied retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after adoption. We adopted this ASU prospectively on the effective date of January 1, 2020. The adoption of this accounting standard update has not had a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting
Financial Disclosures about Guarantors and Issuers of Guaranteed Securities and Affiliates Whose Securities Collateralize a Registrant’s Securities
In March 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) adopted final rules that amend the financial disclosure requirements for subsidiary issuers and guarantors of registered debt securities in Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X. The amended rules narrow the circumstances that require separate financial statements of subsidiary issuers and guarantors and streamline the alternative disclosures required in lieu of those statements. The amended rules allow the registrants, among other things, to disclose summarized financial information of the issuer and guarantors on a combined basis and to present only the most recently completed fiscal year and subsequent year-to-date interim period. The rule is
F-20
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
effective January 4, 2021, but earlier compliance is permitted. The Company early adopted the rule in the first quarter of 2020.
Disclosures for Business Acquisitions, Dispositions, and Significant Subsidiaries
On May 20, 2020, the SEC issued a final rule that amends the financial statement requirements for acquisitions and dispositions of businesses, including the determinations of whether a subsidiary or an acquired or disposed business is significant. The significance test rule changes to SEC Regulation S-X, Rule 3-09 impact our disclosure requirements for equity method investments, including our investment in Penske Transportation Solutions (“PTS”) as it relates to providing audited financial statements and summarized financial statement information in our footnotes disclosures. We early adopted this rule in the fourth quarter of 2020.
2. Revenues
F-21
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
extended service contracts. These commissions are recorded as revenue at a point in time when the customer enters into the contract. Payment is typically due and collected within 30 days subsequent to the execution of the contract with the customer. In the
F-22
Service and parts revenue represented $220.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, and $265.1 million the year ended December 31, 2019, for Penske Australia.
Other. Other revenue primarily consists of our non-automotive motorcycle dealership operations. Revenue recognition practices for these operations do not differ materially from those described under “Retail Automotive and Retail Commercial Truck Dealership Revenue Recognition” above.
Retail Automotive Dealership
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | |||||||
Retail Automotive Dealership Revenue |
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| |||
New vehicle | | $ | 8,080.5 | | $ | 9,329.5 | | $ | 9,666.4 | |
Used vehicle | | | 6,414.7 | | | 7,241.2 | | | 7,252.1 | |
Finance and insurance, net | | | 576.3 | | | 652.1 | | | 629.6 | |
Service and parts | | | 1,883.7 | | | 2,195.9 | | | 2,151.4 | |
Fleet and wholesale | | | 973.6 | | | 1,197.1 | | | 1,149.7 | |
Total retail automotive dealership revenue | | $ | 17,928.8 | | $ | 20,615.8 | | $ | 20,849.2 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | |||||||
Retail Automotive Dealership Revenue |
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| 2018 | | |||
U.S. | | $ | 10,270.3 | | $ | 11,697.6 | | $ | 11,504.3 | |
U.K. | | | 6,344.1 | | | 7,559.4 | | | 7,961.4 | |
Germany and Italy | | | 1,314.4 | | | 1,358.8 | | | 1,383.5 | |
Total retail automotive dealership revenue | | $ | 17,928.8 | | $ | 20,615.8 | | $ | 20,849.2 | |
2019:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
Retail Automotive Dealership Revenue | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
New vehicle | $ | 9,843.2 | $ | 8,080.5 | $ | 9,329.5 | |||||||||||
Used vehicle | 8,549.0 | 6,414.7 | 7,241.2 | ||||||||||||||
Finance and insurance, net | 780.5 | 576.3 | 652.1 | ||||||||||||||
Service and parts | 2,165.6 | 1,883.7 | 2,195.9 | ||||||||||||||
Fleet and wholesale | 1,175.0 | 973.6 | 1,197.1 | ||||||||||||||
Total retail automotive dealership revenue | $ | 22,513.3 | $ | 17,928.8 | $ | 20,615.8 |
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
Retail Automotive Dealership Revenue | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
U.S. | $ | 13,075.8 | $ | 10,270.3 | $ | 11,697.6 | |||||||||||
U.K. | 7,984.1 | 6,344.1 | 7,559.4 | ||||||||||||||
Germany, Italy, and Japan | 1,453.4 | 1,314.4 | 1,358.8 | ||||||||||||||
Total retail automotive dealership revenue | $ | 22,513.3 | $ | 17,928.8 | $ | 20,615.8 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | |||||||
Retail Commercial Truck Dealership Revenue |
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| |||
New truck | | $ | 1,315.9 | | $ | 1,347.2 | | $ | 866.9 | |
Used truck | | | 194.2 | | | 117.0 | | | 112.0 | |
Finance and insurance, net | | | 14.5 | | | 12.4 | | | 11.9 | |
Service and parts | | | 478.1 | | | 503.3 | | | 364.5 | |
Other | | | 58.2 | | | 70.6 | | | 19.2 | |
Total retail commercial truck dealership revenue | | $ | 2,060.9 | | $ | 2,050.5 | | $ | 1,374.5 | |
F-23
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
Retail Commercial Truck Dealership Revenue | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
New truck | $ | 1,540.1 | $ | 1,315.9 | $ | 1,347.2 | |||||||||||
Used truck | 270.6 | 194.2 | 117.0 | ||||||||||||||
Finance and insurance, net | 16.8 | 14.5 | 12.4 | ||||||||||||||
Service and parts | 609.0 | 478.1 | 503.3 | ||||||||||||||
Other | 29.2 | 58.2 | 70.6 | ||||||||||||||
Total retail commercial truck dealership revenue | $ | 2,465.7 | $ | 2,060.9 | $ | 2,050.5 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | |||||||
Commercial Vehicle Distribution and Other |
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| 2018 | | |||
Commercial Vehicle Distribution | | $ | 454.2 | | $ | 513.1 | | $ | 558.5 | |
Other | | | — | | | — | | | 2.9 | |
Total commercial vehicle distribution and other revenue | | $ | 454.2 | | $ | 513.1 | | $ | 561.4 | |
respectively.
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| December 31, | | ||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| ||
Accounts receivable | | | | | | | |
Contracts in transit | | $ | 254.0 | | $ | 291.1 | |
Vehicle receivables | |
| 216.2 | |
| 249.8 | |
Manufacturer receivables | | | 193.6 | | | 244.6 | |
Trade receivables | |
| 135.3 | |
| 164.7 | |
| | | | | | | |
Accrued expenses | | | | | | | |
Unearned revenues | | $ | 262.9 | | $ | 262.9 | |
2020:
December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
Accounts receivable | |||||||||||
Contracts in transit | $ | 198.7 | $ | 254.0 | |||||||
Vehicle receivables | 197.7 | 216.2 | |||||||||
Manufacturer receivables | 157.7 | 193.6 | |||||||||
Trade receivables | 164.5 | 135.3 | |||||||||
Accrued expenses | |||||||||||
Unearned revenues | $ | 297.0 | $ | 262.9 |
F-24
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
Additional Revenue Recognition Related Policies
In connection with the sale, relocation, and closure of certain of our franchises, we have entered into a number of third-party sublease agreements. The rent paid by our sub-tenants on such properties for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $22.4 million, $25.8 million, and $24.4 million, respectively. We have in the past and may in the future enter into sale-leaseback transactions to finance certain property acquisitions and capital expenditures, pursuant to which we sell property to third parties and agree to lease those assets back for a certain period of time. Such sales generate proceeds that vary from period to period. We had 0no proceeds from sale-leaseback transactions during the yearyears ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, compared to $18.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2019.2019. We do not have any material leases that have not yet commenced as of December 31, 2020.
2021.
F-25
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
The following table summarizes our net operating lease cost during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019:
Year Ended December 31, 2021 | Year Ended December 31, 2020 | Year Ended December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||
Lease Cost | |||||||||||||||||
Operating lease cost (1) | $ | 250.1 | $ | 246.0 | $ | 242.0 | |||||||||||
Sublease income | (22.4) | (25.8) | (24.4) | ||||||||||||||
Total lease cost | $ | 227.7 | $ | 220.2 | $ | 217.6 |
| | | | | | |
| | Year Ended | | Year Ended | ||
|
| December 31, 2020 |
| December 31, 2019 | ||
Lease Cost | | | | | | |
Operating lease cost (1) | | $ | 246.0 | | $ | 242.0 |
Sublease income | | | (25.8) | | | (24.4) |
Total lease cost | | $ | 220.2 | | $ | 217.6 |
(1)Includes short-term leases and variable lease costs, which are immaterial.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 | Year Ended December 31, 2020 | Year Ended December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||
Other Information | |||||||||||||||||
Gains on sale and leaseback transactions, net | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 0.5 | |||||||||||
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
Operating cash flows from operating leases | 249.6 | 234.7 | 232.3 | ||||||||||||||
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | 124.2 | 152.1 | 97.7 |
| | | | | | |
| | Year Ended | | Year Ended | ||
|
| December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 | ||
Other Information | | | | | | |
Gains on sale and leaseback transactions, net | | $ | — | | $ | (0.5) |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | | | | | | |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | | | 234.7 | | | 232.3 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | | | 152.1 | | | 97.7 |
| | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2020 | | | December 31, 2019 | |
Lease Term and Discount Rate | | | | | | |
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases | | | 25 years | | | 25 years |
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases | | | 6.4% | | | 6.6% |
December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
Lease Term and Discount Rate | |||||||||||
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases | 25 years | 25 years | |||||||||
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases | 6.7% | 6.4% |
2021:
Maturity of Lease Liabilities | December 31, 2021 | ||||
2022 | $ | 248.3 | |||
2023 | 253.9 | ||||
2024 | 239.7 | ||||
2025 | 235.2 | ||||
2026 | 225.3 | ||||
2027 and thereafter | 4,253.5 | ||||
Total future minimum lease payments | $ | 5,455.9 | |||
Less: Imputed interest | (2,982.5) | ||||
Present value of future minimum lease payments | $ | 2,473.4 | |||
Current operating lease liabilities (1) | $ | 99.8 | |||
Long-term operating lease liabilities | 2,373.6 | ||||
Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 2,473.4 |
| | | |
Maturity of Lease Liabilities | | December 31, 2020 | |
2021 |
| | 247.8 |
2022 | |
| 241.7 |
2023 | |
| 233.9 |
2024 | | | 227.0 |
2025 | | | 224.2 |
2026 and thereafter | |
| 4,233.5 |
Total future minimum lease payments | | $ | 5,408.1 |
Less: Imputed interest | | | (2,963.8) |
Present value of future minimum lease payments | | $ | 2,444.3 |
| | | |
Current operating lease liabilities (1) | | $ | 94.0 |
Long-term operating lease liabilities | | | 2,350.3 |
Total operating lease liabilities | | $ | 2,444.3 |
(1)Included within “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” on Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2021.
F-26
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| |||||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| |||
Revenues | | $ | 9,613.8 | | $ | 9,682.2 | | $ | 9,013.7 | |
Gross profit | |
| 2,101.5 | |
| 2,007.0 | |
| 2,011.7 | |
Net income | |
| 584.3 | |
| 509.8 | |
| 458.7 | |
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 11,526.9 | $ | 9,613.8 | $ | 9,682.2 | |||||||||||
Gross profit | 2,736.2 | 2,101.5 | 2,007.0 | ||||||||||||||
Net income | 1,272.0 | 584.3 | 509.8 |
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| ||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| ||
Current assets | | $ | 1,456.4 | | $ | 1,481.9 | |
Noncurrent assets | |
| 14,458.5 | |
| 14,767.3 | |
Total assets | | $ | 15,914.9 | | $ | 16,249.2 | |
Current liabilities | | $ | 1,333.1 | | $ | 1,281.8 | |
Noncurrent liabilities | |
| 10,952.6 | |
| 11,679.1 | |
Equity | |
| 3,629.2 | |
| 3,288.3 | |
Total liabilities and equity | | $ | 15,914.9 | | $ | 16,249.2 | |
F-27
December 31, | |||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
Current assets | $ | 1,564.7 | $ | 1,456.4 | |||||||
Noncurrent assets | 15,203.2 | 14,458.5 | |||||||||
Total assets | $ | 16,767.9 | $ | 15,914.9 | |||||||
Current liabilities | $ | 1,642.0 | $ | 1,333.1 | |||||||
Noncurrent liabilities | 10,785.6 | 10,952.6 | |||||||||
Equity | 4,340.3 | 3,629.2 | |||||||||
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 16,767.9 | $ | 15,914.9 |
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
| | | | |
| | December 31, | | |
|
| 2019 |
| |
Accounts receivable | | $ | — | |
Inventories | | | 150.7 | |
Other current assets | |
| 0.6 | |
Property and equipment | |
| 2.6 | |
Indefinite-lived intangibles | |
| 214.0 | |
Other noncurrent assets | | | — | |
Current liabilities | |
| (16.8) | |
Noncurrent liabilities | |
| (13.6) | |
Total consideration | |
| 337.5 | |
Contingent consideration | |
| (10.6) | |
Total cash used in acquisitions | | $ | 326.9 | |
December 31, 2021 | |||||
Accounts receivable | $ | 2.4 | |||
Inventories | 106.6 | ||||
Other current assets | 5.8 | ||||
Property and equipment | 102.7 | ||||
Indefinite-lived intangibles | 294.4 | ||||
Other noncurrent assets | 14.9 | ||||
Current liabilities | (56.4) | ||||
Noncurrent liabilities | (15.7) | ||||
Total consideration | 454.7 | ||||
Fair value of previously held interest | (22.9) | ||||
Total cash used in acquisitions | $ | 431.8 |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2019 | | |
Revenues |
| $ | 23,780.6 | |
Income from continuing operations | |
| 443.7 | |
Net income | |
| 444.2 | |
Income from continuing operations per diluted common share | | $ | 5.38 | |
Net income per diluted common share | | $ | 5.38 | |
2020:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 26,219.8 | $ | 21,542.6 | |||||||
Income from continuing operations | 1,203.6 | 574.0 | |||||||||
Net income | 1,204.9 | 574.3 | |||||||||
Income from continuing operations per diluted common share | $ | 15.09 | $ | 7.12 | |||||||
Net income per diluted common share | $ | 15.11 | $ | 7.13 |
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| ||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| ||
Retail automotive dealership new vehicles | | $ | 1,810.9 | | $ | 2,346.2 | |
Retail automotive dealership used vehicles | |
| 1,019.7 | |
| 1,080.8 | |
Retail automotive parts, accessories, and other | |
| 117.2 | |
| 141.5 | |
Retail commercial truck dealership vehicles and parts | | | 223.1 | | | 465.2 | |
Commercial vehicle distribution vehicles, parts, and engines | |
| 254.7 | |
| 227.0 | |
Total inventories | | $ | 3,425.6 | | $ | 4,260.7 | |
December 31, | |||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
Retail automotive dealership new vehicles | $ | 869.1 | $ | 1,810.9 | |||||||
Retail automotive dealership used vehicles | 1,420.0 | 1,019.7 | |||||||||
Retail automotive parts, accessories, and other | 126.4 | 117.2 | |||||||||
Retail commercial truck dealership vehicles and parts | 436.7 | 223.1 | |||||||||
Commercial vehicle distribution vehicles, parts, and engines | 276.8 | 254.7 | |||||||||
Total inventories | $ | 3,129.0 | $ | 3,425.6 |
F-28
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| ||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| ||
Buildings and leasehold improvements | | $ | 2,028.2 | | $ | 1,904.5 | |
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment | |
| 1,134.0 | |
| 1,140.0 | |
Total | | $ | 3,162.2 | | $ | 3,044.5 | |
Less: Accumulated depreciation | |
| (757.8) | |
| (678.1) | |
Property and equipment, net | | $ | 2,404.4 | | $ | 2,366.4 | |
December 31, | |||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
Buildings and leasehold improvements | $ | 2,232.1 | $ | 2,028.2 | |||||||
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment | 1,042.1 | 1,134.0 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 3,274.2 | $ | 3,162.2 | |||||||
Less: Accumulated depreciation | (832.0) | (757.8) | |||||||||
Property and equipment, net | $ | 2,442.2 | $ | 2,404.4 |
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
| Other Indefinite- | |
| | | | | Lived Intangible | |
| | Goodwill | | Assets | ||
Balance — December 31, 2018 | | $ | 1,752.0 | | $ | 486.2 |
Additions | |
| 146.6 | |
| 67.4 |
Disposals | |
| (3.9) | |
| (1.2) |
Impairment | | | — | | | (1.9) |
Foreign currency translation | | | 16.3 | | | 1.7 |
Balance — December 31, 2019 | | $ | 1,911.0 | | $ | 552.2 |
Additions | |
| — | |
| 2.5 |
Disposals | | | (8.8) | | | — |
Impairment | | | — | | | (1.2) |
Foreign currency translation | |
| 26.2 | |
| 9.9 |
Balance — December 31, 2020 | | $ | 1,928.4 | | $ | 563.4 |
F-29
Goodwill | Other Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets | ||||||||||
Balance — December 31, 2019 | $ | 1,911.0 | $ | 552.2 | |||||||
Additions | — | 2.5 | |||||||||
Disposals | (8.8) | — | |||||||||
Impairment | — | (1.2) | |||||||||
Foreign currency translation | 26.2 | 9.9 | |||||||||
Balance — December 31, 2020 | $ | 1,928.4 | $ | 563.4 | |||||||
Additions | 209.6 | 84.8 | |||||||||
Disposals | (0.6) | — | |||||||||
Impairment | — | — | |||||||||
Foreign currency translation | (13.3) | (6.7) | |||||||||
Balance — December 31, 2021 | $ | 2,124.1 | $ | 641.5 |
Following is a summary of the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment during the years ended December 31, 2020,2021, and 2019:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Retail | | | | | | | ||
| | Retail | | Commercial | | | | | | | ||
|
| Automotive |
| Truck |
| Other |
| Total | ||||
Balance — December 31, 2018 | | $ | 1,511.9 | | $ | 162.6 | | $ | 77.5 | | $ | 1,752.0 |
Additions | |
| 0.9 | | | 145.6 | | | 0.1 | |
| 146.6 |
Disposals | | | (3.9) | | | — | | | — | | | (3.9) |
Foreign currency translation | |
| 15.9 | |
| 0.8 | |
| (0.4) | |
| 16.3 |
Balance — December 31, 2019 | | $ | 1,524.8 | | $ | 309.0 | | $ | 77.2 | | $ | 1,911.0 |
Additions | |
| — | | | — | | | — | |
| — |
Disposals | | | (8.8) | | | — | | | — | | | (8.8) |
Foreign currency translation | |
| 18.8 | |
| 0.4 | |
| 7.0 | |
| 26.2 |
Balance — December 31, 2020 | | $ | 1,534.8 | | $ | 309.4 | | $ | 84.2 | | $ | 1,928.4 |
2020:
Retail Automotive | Retail Commercial Truck | Other | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
Balance — December 31, 2019 | $ | 1,524.8 | $ | 309.0 | $ | 77.2 | $ | 1,911.0 | |||||||||||||||
Additions | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Disposals | (8.8) | — | — | (8.8) | |||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation | 18.8 | 0.4 | 7.0 | 26.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance — December 31, 2020 | $ | 1,534.8 | $ | 309.4 | $ | 84.2 | $ | 1,928.4 | |||||||||||||||
Additions | 96.8 | 112.8 | — | 209.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
Disposals | (0.6) | — | — | (0.6) | |||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation | (8.8) | 0.1 | (4.6) | (13.3) | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance — December 31, 2021 | $ | 1,622.2 | $ | 422.3 | $ | 79.6 | $ | 2,124.1 |
dealerships during 2021 compared to $1.2 million during 2020.
F-30
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
Long-term debt consisted of the following:
| | | | | | |
| | December 31, | ||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 | ||
U.S. credit agreement — revolving credit line | | $ | 108.0 | | $ | 45.0 |
U.K. credit agreement — revolving credit line | |
| — | |
| 165.8 |
U.K. credit agreement — overdraft line of credit | |
| — | |
| — |
3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2020 redeemed August 15, 2020 | | | — | | | 299.2 |
5.75% senior subordinated notes due 2022 redeemed October 1, 2020 | |
| — | |
| 547.6 |
5.375% senior subordinated notes due 2024 redeemed December 28, 2020 | | | — | | | 298.0 |
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025 | | | 543.2 | | | — |
5.50% senior subordinated notes due 2026 | | | 496.4 | | | 495.7 |
Australia capital loan agreement | | | 32.1 | | | 31.7 |
Australia working capital loan agreement | |
| — | |
| — |
Mortgage facilities | |
| 458.1 | |
| 423.2 |
Other | |
| 51.8 | |
| 54.1 |
Total long-term debt | | $ | 1,689.6 | | $ | 2,360.3 |
Less: current portion | |
| (87.5) | |
| (103.3) |
Net long-term debt | | $ | 1,602.1 | | $ | 2,257.0 |
per share amounts)
December 31, | |||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
U.S. credit agreement — revolving credit line | $ | — | $ | 108.0 | |||||||
U.K. credit agreement — revolving credit line | — | — | |||||||||
U.K. credit agreement — overdraft line of credit | — | — | |||||||||
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025 | 544.7 | 543.2 | |||||||||
5.50% senior subordinated notes due 2026 redeemed June 24, 2021 | — | 496.4 | |||||||||
3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029 | 494.3 | — | |||||||||
Australia capital loan agreement | 26.6 | 32.1 | |||||||||
Australia working capital loan agreement | — | — | |||||||||
Mortgage facilities | 353.8 | 458.1 | |||||||||
Other | 54.6 | 51.8 | |||||||||
Total long-term debt | $ | 1,474.0 | $ | 1,689.6 | |||||||
Less: current portion | (82.0) | (87.5) | |||||||||
Net long-term debt | $ | 1,392.0 | $ | 1,602.1 |
| | | |
2021 |
| $ | 87.5 |
2022 | |
| 24.2 |
2023 | |
| 128.4 |
2024 | |
| 23.6 |
2025 | |
| 689.6 |
2025 and thereafter | |
| 736.3 |
Total long-term debt reported | | $ | 1,689.6 |
2022 | $ | 82.0 | |||
2023 | 21.1 | ||||
2024 | 31.7 | ||||
2025 | 604.8 | ||||
2026 | 18.7 | ||||
2027 and thereafter | 715.7 | ||||
Total long-term debt reported | $ | 1,474.0 |
We amended our
F-31
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
on revolving loans ispreviously was LIBOR plus 1.75%, subject to an incremental 1.25% for uncollateralized borrowings in excess of a defineddefined borrowing base. In April of 2020, the lenders consented to a deferral of interest underOn February 15, 2022, we amended the U.S. Credit Agreementcredit agreement to reduce the interest rate to LIBOR plus 1.50%, subject to an incremental 1.50% for the monthsuncollateralized borrowings in excess of April, May, and June until December 2020.
a defined borrowing base.
F-32
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||||
Description | Maturity Date | Interest Payment Dates |
| Principal Amount | ||||||||||||||||
3.50% Notes |
| September 1, 2025 |
| February 15, August 15 |
| $550 million | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
| $500 million |
Optional redemption.redemption. Prior to September 1, 2022, we may redeem the 3.50% Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal thereof, plus an applicable make-whole premium and any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, we may redeem up to 40% of the 3.50% Notes before September 1, 2022, with net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at a redemption price equal to 103.50% of the principal thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest. On or after September 1, 2022, we may redeem the 3.50% Notes at the redemption prices noted in the indenture. Prior to MayJune 15, 2021,2024, we may redeem the 5.50%3.75% Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 5.50% Notes,thereof, plus an applicable make wholemake-whole premium, and any accrued and unpaid interest. On or after May 15, 2021,In addition, we may redeem up to 40% of the 5.50% Notes forbefore June 15, 2024 with net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at a redemption price equal to 103.750% of the principal thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest. We may redeem the 3.75% Notes on or after June 15, 2024 at the redemption prices notedspecified in the indenture, plus any accruedindenture.
per share amounts)
F-33
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
11. Derivatives and Hedging
$3.0 million.
million as of December 31, 2020.
F-34
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
guarantee or are otherwise liable for approximately $202.3$150.6 million of these lease payments, including lease payments during available renewal periods.
F-35
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||
Location | Dealerships | Ownership Interest | |||||||||||||||
Fairfield, Connecticut | Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Sprinter, Porsche |
|
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| |||||||||||||
Greenwich, Connecticut | Mercedes-Benz |
|
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| |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||
Northern Italy | BMW, MINI, Maserati, Porsche, Audi, Land Rover, Volvo, Mercedes-Benz, smart, Lamborghini |
|
|
| |||||||||||||
Frankfurt, Germany | Lexus, Toyota, Volkswagen |
|
|
| |||||||||||||
Barcelona, Spain |
| BMW, MINI |
|
|
| ||||||||||||
|
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(B) |
Entity is consolidated in our financial statements.
Key
F-36
Presented below is a summary of the status of our restricted stock as of December 31, 2020,2021, and 20192020 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2020:
| | | | | | | | | |
|
| |
| Weighted Average |
| Aggregate |
| ||
| | Shares | | Grant Date Fair Value | | Intrinsic Value |
| ||
December 31, 2019 |
| 1,126,705 | | $ | 46.55 | | | | |
Granted |
| 280,830 | |
| 51.61 | | | | |
Vested |
| (357,295) | |
| 44.85 | | | | |
Forfeited |
| (22,505) | |
| 46.08 | | | | |
December 31, 2020 |
| 1,027,735 | | $ | 47.75 | | $ | 61.0 | |
2021:
Shares | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |||||||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | 1,126,705 | $ | 46.55 | ||||||||||||||
Granted | 280,830 | 51.61 | |||||||||||||||
Vested | (357,295) | 44.85 | |||||||||||||||
Forfeited | (22,505) | 46.08 | |||||||||||||||
December 31, 2020 | 1,027,735 | $ | 47.75 | $ | 61.0 | ||||||||||||
Granted | 439,633 | 65.81 | |||||||||||||||
Vested | (355,697) | 50.85 | |||||||||||||||
Forfeited | (28,827) | 47.61 | |||||||||||||||
December 31, 2021 | 1,082,844 | $ | 56.26 | $ | 116.1 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| |||||||
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| |||
Shares repurchased (1) |
| | 890,195 |
| | 3,871,887 |
| | 1,467,886 | |
Aggregate purchase price | | $ | 29.4 | | $ | 169.2 | | $ | 63.1 | |
Average purchase price per share | | $ | 33.06 | | $ | 43.71 | | $ | 43.00 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Shares acquired (2) | |
| 137,541 | |
| 114,949 | |
| 119,608 | |
Aggregate purchase price | | $ | 5.0 | | $ | 4.9 | | $ | 5.8 | |
Average purchase price per share | | $ | 36.34 | | $ | 42.72 | | $ | 48.61 | |
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
Shares repurchased (1) | 3,112,404 | 890,195 | 3,871,887 | ||||||||||||||
Aggregate purchase price | $ | 280.6 | $ | 29.4 | $ | 169.2 | |||||||||||
Average purchase price per share | $ | 90.13 | $ | 33.06 | $ | 43.71 | |||||||||||
Shares acquired (2) | 149,176 | 137,541 | 114,949 | ||||||||||||||
Aggregate purchase price | $ | 12.9 | $ | 5.0 | $ | 4.9 | |||||||||||
Average purchase price per share | $ | 86.78 | $ | 36.34 | $ | 42.72 |
(1) | Shares were repurchased under our securities repurchase program. |
(2) | Shares were acquired from employees in connection with a net share settlement feature of employee equity awards. |
F-37
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | |
| | |
| | |
| Accumulated |
| |
| | Foreign | | | | | | | | Other |
| ||
| | Currency | | Interest Rate | | | | | Comprehensive |
| |||
| | Translation | | Swaps | | Other | | Income (Loss) |
| ||||
Balance at January 1, 2018 | | $ | (134.0) | | $ | — | | $ | (12.5) | | $ | (146.5) | |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | |
| (74.3) | | | — | | | (13.7) | |
| (88.0) | |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income — net of tax provision of $0.0 | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
Net current-period other comprehensive income | |
| (74.3) | |
| — | |
| (13.7) | |
| (88.0) | |
Balance at December 31, 2018 | | $ | (208.3) | | $ | — | | $ | (26.2) | | $ | (234.5) | |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | |
| 22.2 | | | — | | | 9.5 | |
| 31.7 | |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income — net of tax provision $0.0 | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
Net current-period other comprehensive income | |
| 22.2 | |
| — | |
| 9.5 | |
| 31.7 | |
Balance at December 31, 2019 | | $ | (186.1) | | $ | — | | $ | (16.7) | | $ | (202.8) | |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | |
| 50.6 | | | (3.6) | | | (5.2) | |
| 41.8 | |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income — net of tax provision of $0.0 | |
| — | |
| 0.4 | |
| — | |
| 0.4 | |
Net current-period other comprehensive income | |
| 50.6 | |
| (3.2) | |
| (5.2) | |
| 42.2 | |
Balance at December 31, 2020 | | $ | (135.5) | | $ | (3.2) | | $ | (21.9) | | $ | (160.6) | |
Foreign Currency Translation | Interest Rate Swaps | Other | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2019 | $ | (208.3) | $ | — | $ | (26.2) | $ | (234.5) | |||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 22.2 | — | 9.5 | 31.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax provision of $0.0 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | 22.2 | — | 9.5 | 31.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | (186.1) | $ | — | $ | (16.7) | $ | (202.8) | |||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 50.6 | (3.6) | (5.2) | 41.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax benefit of ($0.2) | — | 0.4 | — | 0.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | 50.6 | (3.2) | (5.2) | 42.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | (135.5) | $ | (3.2) | $ | (21.9) | $ | (160.6) | |||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (38.9) | 4.4 | 27.5 | (7.0) | |||||||||||||||||||
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax provision of $0.3 | — | (1.2) | — | (1.2) | |||||||||||||||||||
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | (38.9) | 3.2 | 27.5 | (8.2) | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | (174.4) | $ | — | $ | 5.6 | $ | (168.8) |
On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law P.L. 115-97, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Act”). The Act modified several provisions of the Internal Revenue Code related to corporations, including a permanent corporate income tax rate reduction from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. The Act also significantly changed U.S. international tax laws for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, and requires a one-time mandatory deemed repatriation of all cumulative post-1986 foreign earnings & profits (“E&P”) of a U.S. Shareholder’s foreign subsidiaries, effective during 2017.
We have considered and analyzed the applicability of the global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) provisions, including the GILTI high-tax exclusion final regulations issued during 2020 and its effect on our annualized effective tax rate for 2020. The effect of the GILTI inclusion on the 2020 annualized effective tax rate is not material. We have adopted the method of accounting for GILTI inclusions as a period expense and therefore have not accrued any deferred taxes in relation to this provision in the 2020 consolidated financial statements.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act, among other things, includes various income and payroll tax provisions, modifications to federal net operating loss rules, business interest deduction limitations, and bonus depreciation eligibility for qualified improvement property. As a result of net operating loss carryback provision of the CARES Act and various other U.S. and foreign tax legislation changes, we recorded an income tax benefit of $11.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Additionally, we received payroll tax deferrals and benefits from the employee retention tax credit.
F-38
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
U.S. | $ | 1,242.6 | $ | 512.4 | $ | 427.8 | |||||||||||
Non-U.S. | 365.1 | 195.2 | 163.7 | ||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | 1,607.7 | $ | 707.6 | $ | 591.5 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| |||||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| |||
U.S. | | $ | 512.4 | | $ | 427.8 | | $ | 390.3 | |
Non-U.S. | |
| 195.2 | |
| 163.7 | |
| 213.8 | |
Income from continuing operations before income taxes | | $ | 707.6 | | $ | 591.5 | | $ | 604.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| |||||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| |||
Current: | | | | | | | | | | |
Federal | | $ | (78.1) | | $ | 23.6 | | $ | (15.6) | |
State and local | |
| 7.3 | |
| 4.3 | |
| (2.9) | |
Non-U.S. | |
| 39.2 | |
| 36.8 | |
| 46.9 | |
Total current | | $ | (31.6) | | $ | 64.7 | | $ | 28.4 | |
Deferred: | | | | | | | | | | |
Federal | |
| 165.4 | |
| 67.6 | |
| 85.9 | |
State and local | |
| 22.5 | |
| 24.0 | |
| 20.0 | |
Non-U.S. | |
| 6.4 | |
| 0.4 | |
| — | |
Total deferred | | $ | 194.3 | | $ | 92.0 | | $ | 105.9 | |
Income taxes | | $ | 162.7 | | $ | 156.7 | | $ | 134.3 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
Current: | |||||||||||||||||
Federal | $ | 115.7 | $ | (78.1) | $ | 23.6 | |||||||||||
State and local | 48.1 | 7.3 | 4.3 | ||||||||||||||
Non-U.S. | 67.7 | 39.2 | 36.8 | ||||||||||||||
Total current | $ | 231.5 | $ | (31.6) | $ | 64.7 | |||||||||||
Deferred: | |||||||||||||||||
Federal | 129.9 | 165.4 | 67.6 | ||||||||||||||
State and local | 33.9 | 22.5 | 24.0 | ||||||||||||||
Non-U.S. | 21.0 | 6.4 | 0.4 | ||||||||||||||
Total deferred | $ | 184.8 | $ | 194.3 | $ | 92.0 | |||||||||||
Income taxes | $ | 416.3 | $ | 162.7 | $ | 156.7 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| |||||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| |||
Income taxes at federal statutory rate |
| $ | 148.6 | | $ | 124.2 | | $ | 126.9 | |
State and local income taxes, net of federal taxes | |
| 21.9 | |
| 23.6 | |
| 13.8 | |
Non-U.S. income taxed at other rates | |
| 4.6 | |
| 2.8 | |
| 1.9 | |
Rate differential from NOL carryback | | | (21.6) | | | — | | | — | |
Foreign tax credit revaluation | | | 12.3 | | | — | | | — | |
SAB 118 benefit | |
| — | |
| — | |
| (11.6) | |
Other | |
| (3.1) | |
| 6.1 | |
| 3.3 | |
Income taxes | | $ | 162.7 | | $ | 156.7 | | $ | 134.3 | |
F-39
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
Income taxes at federal statutory rate | $ | 337.6 | $ | 148.6 | $ | 124.2 | |||||||||||
State and local income taxes, net of federal taxes | 64.6 | 21.9 | 23.6 | ||||||||||||||
Non-U.S. income taxed at other rates | 11.9 | 4.6 | 2.8 | ||||||||||||||
Rate differential from NOL carryback | — | (21.6) | — | ||||||||||||||
Foreign tax credit revaluation | — | 12.3 | — | ||||||||||||||
Other | 2.2 | (3.1) | 6.1 | ||||||||||||||
Income taxes | $ | 416.3 | $ | 162.7 | $ | 156.7 |
The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2020,2021, and 20192020 were as follows:
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | | ||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| ||
Deferred Tax Assets | | | | | | | |
Accrued liabilities | | $ | 64.6 | | $ | 49.7 | |
Net operating loss and credit carryforwards | |
| 102.6 | |
| 72.8 | |
Leasing liabilities | |
| 596.9 | |
| 577.8 | |
Other | |
| 31.5 | |
| 27.6 | |
Total deferred tax assets | |
| 795.6 | |
| 727.9 | |
Valuation allowance | |
| (64.2) | |
| (45.7) | |
Net deferred tax assets | | $ | 731.4 | | $ | 682.2 | |
Deferred Tax Liabilities | | | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | |
| (242.9) | |
| (206.9) | |
Partnership investments | |
| (757.4) | |
| (569.0) | |
Leasing assets | |
| (596.9) | |
| (577.8) | |
Other | |
| (7.3) | |
| (6.4) | |
Total deferred tax liabilities | |
| (1,604.5) | |
| (1,360.1) | |
Net deferred tax liabilities | | $ | (873.1) | | $ | (677.9) | |
December 31, | |||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
Deferred Tax Assets | |||||||||||
Accrued liabilities | $ | 68.7 | $ | 64.6 | |||||||
Net operating loss and credit carryforwards | 60.7 | 102.6 | |||||||||
Leasing liabilities | 605.4 | 596.9 | |||||||||
Other | 31.0 | 31.5 | |||||||||
Total deferred tax assets | 765.8 | 795.6 | |||||||||
Valuation allowance | (67.0) | (64.2) | |||||||||
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 698.8 | $ | 731.4 | |||||||
Deferred Tax Liabilities | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | (283.8) | (242.9) | |||||||||
Partnership investments | (861.4) | (757.4) | |||||||||
Leasing assets | (605.4) | (596.9) | |||||||||
Other | (8.6) | (7.3) | |||||||||
Total deferred tax liabilities | (1,759.2) | (1,604.5) | |||||||||
Net deferred tax liabilities | $ | (1,060.4) | $ | (873.1) |
2021.
F-40
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
Generally accepted accounting principles relating to uncertain income tax positions prescribe a minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized and provides guidance on the derecognition,
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | |||||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| |||
Uncertain tax positions — January 1 | | $ | 0.1 | | $ | 0.1 | | $ | 3.5 | |
Gross increase — tax position in prior periods | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
Gross decrease — tax position in prior periods | |
| — | |
| — | |
| (3.4) | |
Gross increase — current period tax position | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
Settlements | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
Lapse in statute of limitations | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
Foreign exchange | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
Uncertain tax positions — December 31 | | $ | 0.1 | | $ | 0.1 | | $ | 0.1 | |
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
Uncertain tax positions — January 1 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 0.1 | |||||||||||
Gross increase — tax position in prior periods | 0.4 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Gross decrease — tax position in prior periods | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Gross increase — current period tax position | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Settlements | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Lapse in statute of limitations | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Uncertain tax positions — December 31 | $ | 0.5 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 0.1 |
F-41
PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
The following table summarizes revenues, floor plan interest expense, other interest expense, depreciation, equity in earnings of affiliates, and income (loss) from continuing operations before certain non-recurring items and income taxes, which is
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||
|
| Retail | | Retail Commercial |
| | |
| Non-Automotive |
| Intersegment |
| | |
| ||||
| | Automotive | | Truck | | Other | | Investments | | Elimination | | Total |
| ||||||
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2020 | | $ | 17,928.8 | | $ | 2,060.9 | | $ | 454.2 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 20,443.9 | |
2019 | |
| 20,615.8 | | | 2,050.5 | | | 513.1 | | | — | | | — | | | 23,179.4 | |
2018 | |
| 20,849.2 | | | 1,374.5 | | | 561.4 | | | — | | | — | | | 22,785.1 | |
Floor plan interest expense | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2020 | | $ | 39.6 | | $ | 5.6 | | $ | 1.1 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 46.3 | |
2019 | |
| 74.9 | | | 8.0 | | | 1.6 | | | — | | | — | | | 84.5 | |
2018 | |
| 74.9 | | | 4.2 | | | 1.8 | | | — | | | — | | | 80.9 | |
Other interest expense | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2020 | | $ | 114.5 | | $ | 3.7 | | $ | 1.4 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 119.6 | |
2019 | |
| 118.4 | | | 3.2 | | | 2.6 | | | — | | | — | | | 124.2 | |
2018 | |
| 108.3 | | | 2.4 | | | 4.0 | | | — | | | — | | | 114.7 | |
Depreciation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2020 | | $ | 103.8 | | $ | 6.4 | | $ | 5.3 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 115.5 | |
2019 | |
| 99.1 | | | 5.5 | | | 5.0 | | | — | | | — | | | 109.6 | |
2018 | |
| 94.2 | | | 4.3 | | | 5.2 | | | — | | | — | | | 103.7 | |
Equity in earnings of affiliates | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2020 | | $ | 4.4 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 164.6 | | $ | — | | $ | 169.0 | |
2019 | |
| 5.2 | | | — | | | — | | | 142.3 | | | — | | | 147.5 | |
2018 | |
| 5.2 | | | — | | | — | | | 129.6 | | | — | | | 134.8 | |
Adjusted segment income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2020 | | $ | 443.4 | | $ | 78.2 | | $ | 21.4 | | $ | 164.6 | | $ | — | | $ | 707.6 | |
2019 | |
| 339.9 | | | 86.5 | | | 22.8 | | | 142.3 | | | — | | | 591.5 | |
2018 | |
| 389.7 | | | 62.3 | | | 22.5 | | | 129.6 | | | — | | | 604.1 | |
F-42
Retail Automotive | Retail Commercial Truck | Other | Non-Automotive Investments | Intersegment Elimination | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | $ | 22,513.3 | $ | 2,465.7 | $ | 575.7 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 25,554.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 | 17,928.8 | 2,060.9 | 454.2 | — | — | 20,443.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 20,615.8 | 2,050.5 | 513.1 | — | — | 23,179.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Floor plan interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | $ | 23.9 | $ | 1.9 | $ | 0.4 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 26.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 | 39.6 | 5.6 | 1.1 | — | — | 46.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 74.9 | 8.0 | 1.6 | — | — | 84.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | $ | 63.8 | $ | 3.3 | $ | 1.5 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 68.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 | 105.9 | 3.7 | 1.4 | — | — | 111.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 118.4 | 3.2 | 2.6 | — | — | 124.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | $ | 108.7 | $ | 7.9 | $ | 4.9 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 121.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 | 103.8 | 6.4 | 5.3 | — | — | 115.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 99.1 | 5.5 | 5.0 | — | — | 109.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity in earnings of affiliates | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | $ | 8.2 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 366.3 | $ | — | $ | 374.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 | 4.4 | — | — | 164.6 | — | 169.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 5.2 | — | — | 142.3 | — | 147.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted segment income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | $ | 1,046.6 | $ | 160.3 | $ | 34.5 | $ | 366.3 | $ | — | $ | 1,607.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 | 443.4 | 78.2 | 21.4 | 164.6 | — | 707.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 339.9 | 86.5 | 22.8 | 142.3 | — | 591.5 |
Total assets, equity method investments, and capital expenditures by reportable segment are as set forth in the table below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | ||||||
|
| Retail | | Retail Commercial |
| |
| Non-Automotive |
| Intersegment |
| |
| ||||||
| | Automotive | | Truck | | Other | | Investments | | Elimination | | Total |
| ||||||
Total assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2020 | | $ | 10,352.8 | | $ | 839.1 | | $ | 632.2 | | $ | 1,423.1 | | $ | — | | $ | 13,247.2 | |
2019 | |
| 10,960.1 | | | 1,075.8 | | | 579.9 | | | 1,326.9 | | | — | | | 13,942.7 | |
Equity method investments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2020 | | $ | 77.2 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 1,423.1 | | $ | — | | $ | 1,500.3 | |
2019 | |
| 72.1 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,326.9 | | | — | | | 1,399.0 | |
Capital expenditures | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2020 | | $ | 175.6 | | $ | 7.2 | | $ | 3.1 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 185.9 | |
2019 | |
| 231.9 | | | 9.9 | | | 3.5 | | | — | | | — | | | 245.3 | |
2018 | |
| 292.6 | | | 9.3 | | | 3.7 | | | — | | | — | | | 305.6 | |
Retail Automotive | Retail Commercial Truck | Other | Non-Automotive Investments | Intersegment Elimination | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | $ | 9,940.4 | $ | 1,269.4 | $ | 607.4 | $ | 1,647.4 | $ | — | $ | 13,464.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 | 10,352.8 | 839.1 | 632.2 | 1,423.1 | — | 13,247.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity method investments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | $ | 40.7 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,647.4 | $ | — | $ | 1,688.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 | 77.2 | — | — | 1,423.1 | — | 1,500.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | $ | 239.4 | $ | 6.3 | $ | 3.2 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 248.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 | 175.6 | 7.2 | 3.1 | — | — | 185.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 231.9 | 9.9 | 3.5 | — | — | 245.3 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| |||||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| 2018 |
| |||
Revenue from external customers: | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. | | $ | 12,105.1 | | $ | 13,511.8 | | $ | 12,607.8 | |
Non-U.S. | |
| 8,338.8 | |
| 9,667.6 | |
| 10,177.3 | |
Total revenue from external customers | | $ | 20,443.9 | | $ | 23,179.4 | | $ | 22,785.1 | |
Long-lived assets, net: | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. | | $ | 2,605.1 | | $ | 2,481.1 | | | | |
Non-U.S. | |
| 1,325.0 | |
| 1,303.8 | | | | |
Total long-lived assets | | $ | 3,930.1 | | $ | 3,784.9 | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
Revenue from external customers: | |||||||||||||||||
U.S. | $ | 15,275.9 | $ | 12,105.1 | $ | 13,511.8 | |||||||||||
Non-U.S. | 10,278.8 | 8,338.8 | 9,667.6 | ||||||||||||||
Total revenue from external customers | $ | 25,554.7 | $ | 20,443.9 | $ | 23,179.4 | |||||||||||
Long-lived assets, net: | |||||||||||||||||
U.S. | $ | 2,967.7 | $ | 2,605.1 | |||||||||||||
Non-U.S. | 1,204.5 | 1,325.0 | |||||||||||||||
Total long-lived assets | $ | 4,172.2 | $ | 3,930.1 |
F-43
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| Balance at |
| | |
| Deductions, |
| Balance |
| |||
| | Beginning | | | | | Recoveries, | | at End |
| |||
Description | | of Year | | Additions | | & Other | | of Year |
| ||||
Year Ended December 31, 2020 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | | $ | 5.7 | | $ | 1.5 | | $ | (1.7) | | $ | 5.5 | |
Tax valuation allowance | |
| 45.7 | |
| 18.5 | |
| — | |
| 64.2 | |
Year Ended December 31, 2019 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | | $ | 5.4 | | $ | 3.6 | | $ | (3.3) | | $ | 5.7 | |
Tax valuation allowance | |
| 40.5 | |
| 5.4 | |
| (0.2) | |
| 45.7 | |
Year Ended December 31, 2018 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | | $ | 5.5 | | $ | 2.0 | | $ | (2.1) | | $ | 5.4 | |
Tax valuation allowance | |
| 36.6 | |
| 4.0 | |
| (0.1) | |
| 40.5 | |
F-44
Description | Balance at Beginning of Year | Additions | Deductions, Recoveries, & Other | Balance at End of Year | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 5.5 | $ | 4.8 | $ | (3.5) | $ | 6.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
Tax valuation allowance | 64.2 | 6.4 | (3.6) | 67.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 5.7 | $ | 1.5 | $ | (1.7) | $ | 5.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Tax valuation allowance | 45.7 | 18.5 | — | 64.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 5.4 | $ | 3.6 | $ | (3.3) | $ | 5.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
Tax valuation allowance | 40.5 | 5.4 | (0.2) | 45.7 |